texts: One of the greatest orators of his generation, <mask> was a promoter of free trade policies. <mask> is famous for fighting the Corn Laws. He and Richard Cobden founded the Anti-Corn Law League to abolish the Corn Laws, which raised food prices and protected landowners' interests by levying taxes on imported wheat. The Corn Laws were repealed in the 19th century. The Cobden–Chevalier Treaty of 1860 promoted closer interdependence between Great Britain and the Second French Empire. Despite the Parliament's distrust of the French, this campaign succeeded. During his time in the House of Commons, <mask> promoted free trade, electoral reform and religious freedom.He opposed both the Home Rule for Ireland and the Crimean War. He opposed the privileges of the landed aristocracy and was a spokesman for the middle class. He tried to end the political privileges of Anglicans, disestablished the Church of Ireland, and began land reform that would turn land over to the Catholic peasants. He came up with the phrase "The mother of parliaments." <mask> was born at Greenbank, Rochdale, one of the early centers of the Industrial Revolution. <mask> started a cotton mill at Rochdale in the 18th century. Early in the 18th century, Jacob's father, Abraham, moved to Coventry, where his descendants remained.<mask> was educated at the Ackworth School of the Society of Friends and went on to work for a fustian manufacturer. Martha Wood was <mask>'s second wife. She was a woman of great strength of character and refined taste. <mask> was the oldest son of this marriage. <mask> was the younger brother. <mask> Lucas was the wife of Duncan McLaren MP. <mask> was sent to a boarding school by William Littlewood because he was a delicate child.A year at the Ackworth School, two years at Bootham School, York, and a year and a half atNewton completed his education. He learned both Latin and Greek, but also a great love of English literature, which was fostered by his mother. He became a partner in the business after entering his father's mill in his 16th year. <mask> was a leader of the opposition in Rochdale. The town successfully claimed to have a member allotted to it under the Reform Bill. <mask> was involved in both campaigns. He was an ardent Nonconformist, proud to number among his ancestors <mask>, a friend of George Fox, and one of the imprisoned preachers of the Religious Society of Friends.Edward Stanley, after a long struggle, was defeated by Henry "Orator" Hunt in thePreston election in 1830. <mask> was a member of the Rochdale juvenile  Temperance Band. The young men borrowed a chair from a cottager and spoke from it at open-air meetings. At the temperance meeting, <mask> gave his first extempore speech. <mask>'s notes broke down. <mask> was told to put his notes away and say what he thought after the chairman gave out a temperance song. <mask> began with a lot of hesitancy, but eventually found his tongue and made an excellent address.The early years of his career were told to the extent that students at Cornell University regarded him as an example for activities such as the Irving Literary Society. He committed his speech to memory on some occasions. The Rev. was called on by him in the late 18th century. <mask> was going to accompany him to the local Bible meeting. He was surprised by his intelligence and thoughtfulness, but also nervous as they walked to the meeting. He asked for advice after making a stimulating speech at the meeting. He was told not to learn his speeches, but to write out and remember certain passages.<mask>'s first lesson in public speaking was given in his twenty-first year, but he had not contemplated a career in public speaking. He was a fairly prosperous man of business, very happy in his home, always ready to take part in the social, educational and political life of his native town. On his return from a holiday in the east, he gave a lecture to the society about his travels. He first met Richard Cobden in 1836. <mask> went to ask Cobden to speak at an education meeting after he was elected to the Manchester Corporation. At the meeting, <mask> urged Cobden to speak against the Corn Laws. The Anti-Corn Law League was founded in 1839 after he joined the Manchester committee.He took part in all the public movements, especially in opposition to <mask>'s proposed factory legislation, and the Rochdale church-rate. The house he called "One Ash" was built and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 Abraham Paulton, who had just returned from an Anti-Corn Law tour in Scotland, was honoured at a dinner in November of the same year. The first time that Cobden and <mask> appeared together on a Free Trade platform was at the dinner. Bright is described by the historian of the League as a young man who appeared for the first time in any meeting out of his own town, and giving evidence, by his energy and by his grasp of the subject, of his capacity soon to take a leading part in the great movement. In 1840 he led a movement against the Rochdale church-rate, speaking from a tombstone in the churchyard, where it looked down on the town in the valley below. He had a daughter, Helen, but his wife died of Tuberculosis in September 1841.Cobden called to see him three days after her death. The life and sunshine of <mask>'s house had been extinguished when he unveiled the statue of his friend at Bradford in 1877. "After a time, he looked up and said, 'There are thousands of homes in England at this moment where wives, mothers and children are dying of hunger.' I would advise you to come with me, and we will never rest until the Corn Laws are repealed. <mask> said that they never ceased to labour hard on behalf of the resolution which they had made. In the general election in 1841, Cobden was returned for Stockport, and in 1843 <mask> was the Free Trade candidate at a by-election at Durham. <mask> was returned at the second contest after his successful competitor was ousted on a petition.He was received in the House of Commons with suspicion and hostility, because he was already known as Cobden's chief ally. The speakers complemented each other in the Anti-Corn Law movement. <mask> had the passion and the fervour of the popular orator, while Cobden had the calmness and confidence of the political philosopher. <mask> supplied the declamation, but Cobden did the reasoning. The orator of modern times rose quickly. When Cobden called him to his side in 1841, he was not known outside of his own area, but he entered parliament at the end of the session in 1843 with a formidable reputation. He had been all over England and Scotland addressing huge meetings and, as a rule, carrying them with him; he had taken a leading part in a conference held by the Anti-Corn Law League in London.Huge crowds gathered wherever "<mask> of Rochdale" was announced to speak. His name was enough for him to be announced at the first great meeting in the Drury Lane Theatre on March 15, 1843. He took his seat in the House of Commons as one of the members for Durham on July 28, 1843, and on August 7, he delivered his maiden speech in support of a motion by Mr Ewart for reduction of import duties. He was one of the representatives of the city of Durham and also one of the representatives of the Anti-Corn Law League. <mask> was described as "about the middle size, rather firmly and squarely built, with a fair, clear complexion and an intelligent and pleasing expression of countenance" by a member who heard the speech. His voice is good, his enunciation is distinct, and his delivery is free from unpleasant peculiarity or mannerism. Both sides of the House were interested in him, and he wore the usual Friend's coat.The movement of which Cobden and <mask> were the leaders continued after Mr Ewart's motion was defeated. In the autumn the League resolved to raise £100,000, and in November The Times startled the country by declaring, in a leading article, "The League is a great fact." It would be foolish to deny its importance. <mask> Fox was the chief orator, but <mask> and Cobden were the leaders of the movement. Cobden told an audience in Rochdale that he always stipulated that he should speak first, and <mask> followed. His "more stately genius" made him the undisputed master of the feelings of his audience. His progress was slower in the House of Commons.In a debate on the annual motion against the Corn Laws, <mask> was heard with so much impatience that he was obliged to sit down. He moved for an inquiry into the operation of the Game Laws. At a meeting of county members earlier in the day Robert Peel, then Prime Minister, advised them not to be led into discussion by a violent speech from the member for Durham, but to let the committee be granted without debate. <mask> was not violent, and Cobden said that he did his work well. His position was established by the speech. Both <mask> and Cobden voted against the Maynooth Grant. During twenty-five years of parliamentary life, only one other time did they go into opposite lobbies.In the autumn of 1845 <mask> retained Cobden in the public career to which Cobden had invited him four years before; <mask> was in Scotland when a letter came from Cobden announcing his determination, forced on him by business difficulties, to retire from public work. The mainspring of the League was gone if Cobden retired. He wrote that he couldn't take your place. There are incapacities about me that prevent me from being more than second in such a work as we have laboured in. After posting in the rain that rained away the Corn Laws in Manchester, he got his friends together and raised the money which tided Cobden over the emergency. The struggle was facing a crisis. The first step towards Free Trade was taken by Peel's budget in 1845.The bad harvest drove him to repeal the Corn Laws at a meeting in Manchester on July 2, 1846. <mask> received a library of twelve hundred volumes as a memorial. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use of the expression in its modern sense was by <mask> in reference to the Reform Act of 1867, which called for more democratic representation in Parliament. He said in a speech that trying to rouse Parliament from its apathy would be like trying to "flog a dead horse" to make it pull a load. Lord Elcho remarked that <mask> had not been satisfied with the results of his winter campaign and that a saying was attributed to him. <mask> said "England is the Mother of Parliaments" in a speech in January 1865. It is often misquoted as a reference to the UK Parliament.Elizabeth Priestman was the daughter of Jonathan Priestman and Rachel Bragg. Helen Priestman <mask> was their daughter. Elizabeth died on September 10, 1841. Helen Priestman <mask> was married to William Clark. <mask> had seven children, including <mask> <mask> and William Leatham <mask>, who were married in June 1847. Lydia Rous was employed by <mask> to teach his children. She was compared to the Queen.<mask> was elected for Manchester in July 1847. Legislation that restricted the hours of labour and spoke against clerical control of national education were both opposed by him in the new parliament. He introduced a bill for the repeal of the Game Laws after voting for the household suffragist motion. <mask> opposed the bill as "a little, measly, miserable measure" and foretold its failure. He spoke a lot about Irish questions. He won loud cheers from both sides when he spoke in favor of a tax on the prosperous parts of Ireland that would have paid for famine relief in the rest of the island. He took part in the debates after this time, and had the ear of the House.He spoke against capital punishment, church-rates, and flogging in the army. He supported Cobden's motion for the reduction of public expenditure. <mask> was re-elected for Manchester on the principles of free trade, electoral reform and religious freedom. The most passionate speeches he had ever delivered were addressed to the parliament in opposition to the war. The country and the House wouldn't listen. Macaulay wrote that he went to the House on Monday and heard <mask> say everything he thought. The greatest speech he ever made was delivered on February 23, 1854.The angel of death has left the land. He concluded with an appeal that moved the House as it had never been moved within living memory. The Cobden–Chevalier Treaty was a Free Trade initiative that promoted closer interdependence between Britain and France. Despite the Parliament's distrust of the French, this campaign succeeded. <mask> lost his seat in Manchester as a result of his opposition to the Crimean War. He was elected one of the two MPs for the city in 1858. He held this position for thirty years before leaving the Liberal Party on the issue of Irish Home Rule.On 27 October 1858, he launched his campaign for parliamentary reform. He wrote an essay titled "Speech on Reform" in the 19th century. He demanded the enfranchisement of the working-class people because of their sheer number, and said that one should be happy in open demonstrations rather than being confronted with "armed rebellion or secret conspiracy". <mask> resigned as President of the Board of Trade in 1870 due to ill health after entering the cabinet of the Liberal Prime Minister. He was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster twice. The Royal Navy was ordered to bombard Alexandria in order to recover the debts of the Egyptians. <mask> dismissed it as a jobbers' war and resigned from the cabinet.<mask> was associated with the tourist resort of Llandudno. He and his wife and son went there in 1864. When they passed through the graveyard, the boy said he wanted to be buried there. His wish was granted after he died of scarlet fever. <mask> lived in Llandudno until his death. The principal secondary school in Llandudno was named after him and a new school was built in 2004. In his later years, <mask> had a lot of literary and social recognition.He was elected Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow in 1880, but R. W. Dale wrote that it was not the old <mask>. He received a degree from the University of Oxford in 1886. A statue of him was erected in the city after he delivered the opening address for the library. The marble statue, by Albert Joy, was in store until it was recently restored to a prominent position. <mask> Street was renamed in his honor to <mask>, Victoria, in Australia. <mask> supported the reform of Irish land tenure after the Great Irish Famine. The House of Common was advised to "resolutely legislate" on the question in 1850.There seems to be an amalgamation of all sects on this question, as the Protestant and Dissenting clergymen seem to be amalgamated with Roman Catholics at present. The sectarian division over Ireland's future within the United Kingdom hardened <mask>'s position. He would not have a truck with "disloyal Ireland" written on it. <mask> was one of the people who opposed Home

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texts: Rule for Ireland and another Irish Land Act. He thought Charles Stewart Parnell's Irish Parliamentary Party was a rebel party. <mask> was contacted by many people in order to get his support. He was seen as a force to be reckoned with and his political influence was out of proportion to his activity.<mask> went to London in March 1886 and had an hour's talk with Hartington on Ireland. <mask> wrote that the "chief object is to settle the Land question which I rather think should now be considered as settled." I agree with him if it is possible to get rid of Irish representation in the Parliament in Dublin. He didn't think it was wise for him to support the intended measures after meeting him on 17 March. On 20 March he had a two-hour-long meeting with Gladstone: He gave me a long memorandum, historical in character, on the past Irish story, which seemed to be somewhat one-sided, leaving out of view the important minority and the views and feelings of the Protestant and loyal He explained a lot of his policy to the Dublin Parliament. I didn't like the Land policy because it would allow the rebels to get rid of landholders and evict the English garrison.The security for repayment was denied by me. I disagreed with Mr G.'s argument that his finance arrangements would be better than the present system of purchase. Why don't we go to the help of other interests? I argued that Dublin Parliament would work against any barrier he might create to keep up the unity of the three Kingdoms, and that he was making a surrender all along the line. What about import duties and protection against British goods? ... He placed too much faith in the leaders of the rebel party.The general feeling was that any terms made with them would not be kept and that I could not hope for reconciliation with Ireland. The Home Rule Bill was introduced into the House of Commons on April 8. <mask> left London at the end of April to attend his brother-in-law's funeral. He went back to his home in Rochdale. He received a letter from Gladstone requesting he visit him in London. The anniversary of <mask>'s wife's death made him want to spend it at home. He wrote that he couldn't consent to the measure because it was offensive to the whole Protestant population of Ireland and to the whole sentiment of the province of Ulster.I can't agree to exclude them from the Imperial Parliament's protection. I don't sympathize with those who want to retain the rebel party, but admit there is a lot of force in the arguments against my views. I fear I must vote against the Land Bill if it comes to a second reading. I can't take an impartial view of the question because of my hostility to the rebel party. I suspect that your policy of surrender to them will place more power in their hands to war with greater effect against the unity of the 3 Kingdoms with no increase of good to the Irish people. The intelligence of the country is not ready for it. No Division should be taken upon the Bill if it is possible.It would only make the Liberal split more serious if the Home Rule Bill was put forward for a second reading and were defeated in a vote. Since it was a Party, he would be responsible for the greatest wound. The present difficulty in our Party would be gone if the Bill were withdrawn. If an election were to be called, he predicted the Conservatives would gain strength. Liberal MPs who were not opposed to the idea of Irish self-government but who disapproved of the Bill met to decide on a course of action. <mask> said that he intended to vote against the Second Reading, not having spoken in the debate. I don't want my view of the bill to be in doubt.I don't want to advise others as to their course. I will be happy if they can abstain from the division. A small majority for the Bill may be almost as good as its defeat and may save the country from the heavy sacrifice of a general election. I wish I could join you, but I cannot change the path I have taken from the beginning of the discussion. After reading aloud this letter to the meeting, he wrote that <mask>'s announcement that he intended to vote against the Second Reading undoubtedly affected the decision and that the meeting ended unanimously agreeing to vote against the Bill. <mask> was surprised by the meeting's decision because his letter was intended to make it easier for your friends to abstain from voting. The Home Rule Bill was defeated by a wide margin, with <mask> voting against it.The Parliament was dissolved. During the general election campaign, <mask> delivered one speech in which he opposed Irish Home Rule. He told his countrymen to put the Union above the Liberal Party. The Gladstonian Liberals believed that this speech had a decisive effect on their defeat. <mask> wrote that the most telling attack came from Mr. <mask> was silent up to now. They said that every word seemed to weigh a pound.His arguments were mainly those of his letter already given, but they were delivered with a gravity and force that told powerfully upon the large phalanx of doubters all over the kingdom. Sir B. Walter Foster said that <mask> probably did more harm to his own party than any other individual. The Liberal journalist P. W. Clayden was a candidate for Islington North and he would take with him a copy of the Home Rule Bill: Going through the Bill with some of them clause by clause, I was able to answer all their objections. All my work was undone by Mr <mask>'s speech. In the whole country it probably kept many thousands of Liberal voters from going to the polls, and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals It was <mask>'s last Parliament after he was re-elected. The Conservative and Liberal Unionist coalition government won the election.<mask>'s actions could still decide events. The Criminal Law Amendment (Ireland) Bill, which increased the authorities' coercive powers, was opposed by the Liberal Party. If <mask> abstained from voting or voted against the Government, the Unionist coalition would have been broken up. If he voted for a procedure which was so contrary to his previous professions, the Coalition would receive a fresh source of strength. When the bell rang, Mr. <mask> walked straight into the Government's lobby without hesitation. Despite their long political relationship, <mask> and Gladstone did not meet until after his death.The Colony of Queensland separated from New South Wales in 1859 and chose the south-eastern corner of the state as its capital. A movement to establish an independent colony in North and Central Qld was started in the 1860s by the perceived dominance of southern QUEENSLAND. <mask> was nominated as the candidate for the electoral district of Rockhampton in Central QUEENSLAND in 1867, in order to get a representative in the British Parliament. He didn't get elected because he only got 10 votes. On 11 June 1869, Thomas Henry Fitzgerald resigned from his seat in the electoral district of Kennedy. On 10 July 1869, <mask> won a by-election after being nominated again as part of the protest. He was nominated by a person who said, "Let us choose a man of some weight at home, who will take our case before the Queen and try for remedy."<mask> is the representative of trade, commerce, and manufactures in the Government and the champion of liberty, and yet he is also a loyal subject. We are right if we can get his sympathies. I believe that he is the man who will break the iron rod of the South and set us free, for he has already fought for the liberty of the subject. The Queen's late husband Albert, Prince Consort, was the subject of a petition sent to Queen Victoria in January 1870. <mask>'s seat was declared vacant on July 8, 1870, because he never visited or took his seat in the Legislative Assembly. The Colony ofQueensland did not achieve separation and is now the State ofQueensland. It is not known what role <mask> had in these political activities.It was claimed in 1867 that <mask> was an "intimate personal friend" of the governor. <mask> realized the end was near when he became seriously ill. On November 27th, Albert wrote a letter to Gladstone in which he said his father wanted to write to him and tell him how much he appreciated his services. I saw the tears running down his cheeks as he was very weak and did not seem able to say anything. "I can assure you that my feelings towards him are unaffected by any of the events of the last three years and that I have never felt separated from him in spirit," he said. I pray that he will enjoy the peace of God on this side of the grave and on the other side. The Queen sent many letters and telegrams to <mask>."Your great services to our people can never be forgotten, for it was when Ireland had fewer friends that your voice was loudest on her side," Tim Healey wrote to <mask>. There can be nothing but regrets on our part of the sharpness of division in the past, for while we go on struggling for our own views, there can be nothing but your conceptions of what is best for her. <mask> was buried in the graveyard of the Religious Society of Friends in Rochdale after he died at his home One Ash. The Conservative Prime Minister Lord Salisbury paid tribute to him in the House of Lords the day after his death, and it sums up his character as a public man: In the first place, he was the greatest master of English oratory that this generation has produced. I've met men who heard Pitt and Fox who were not as good as <mask>. At a time when speaking has become less and less eloquent, he kept his strong and vigorous style of English to express his burning and noble thoughts. He will be famous for his singular rectitude of his motives and straightness of his career.Like many eager men, he had little tolerance of opposition. His action was not guided by any consideration of personal or party selfishness. He was inspired by patriotism and benevolence from the very beginning of his public career. The first literary society at Cornell University was called "The John Bright Brotherhood" or the "Irving Literary Society". New York State's recently deceased native son received the honours, but not before <mask> was inaugurated as its first honorary member. The library is named after him. The life and times of <mask> were the subject of a collection of materials donated to the library by the foundation.In honor of <mask>, the Foundation donated funds for an outdoor pulpit to be added to the chapel. His statue is in the collection of the museum and the secondary school in Llandudno, North Wales. The town of <mask> in Australia is named after him. The greatest of all parliamentary orators was <mask>. He had a lot of political successes. He was part of the campaign that led to the repeal of the Corn Laws. He was the leader of the reform movement in 1867 which brought the industrial working class within the pale of the constitution, and he did more than any other man to prevent the intervention of this country in the American Civil War.The alliance between middle class ideals and trade unionism, which <mask> promoted, is still alive and well in the Labour Party. <mask>, Speeches on Questions of Public Policy was online. J.E.T. Rogers, 2 volumes. The year (1869). <mask> is the author of Public Addresses. J.E. was 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519Rogers, 8 vols. The Public Letters of the Right Hon. were written by <mask>. <mask> is a Member of Parliament. H.J. was 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 <mask> was online. <mask>, The Diaries of <mask> is available online. R.A.J.Online walling in the 20th century. Smith, G. B. The Life and Speeches of the Right Hon. <mask> is an M.P. It was 8vo (1881). Goodlad wrote "Gladstone and his rivals: popular Liberal perceptions of the party leadership in the political crisis of 1886-1886". Currents of Radicalism.Popular Radicalism, Organised Labour and Party Politics in Britain in the 19th century. Cambridge University Press. 163–3. Taylor, A.J.P. From Napoleon to the Second International: Essays on Nineteenth-Century Europe contains "John Bright and the Crimean War". The Life of <mask> was written by George Macaulay. "The rhetorical shaping of national interest: morality and contextual potency in <mask>'s parliamentary speech against recognition of the confederacy."The Quarterly Journal of Speech was published in 1993. Ausubel, Herman. <mask>: Victorian Reformer is a standard scholarly biography. "<mask> is a speaker and student of speaking." The Quarterly Journal of Speech was published in 1955. Asa. "Cobden and <mask>" History Today was published in August of 1957.Asa. The Creed of Reform was written by <mask>. pp. 19–31. Bill, online cash. <mask> wrote Statesman, Orator, Agitator. Walter R. Fisher wrote "<mask>: 'Hawker of holy things,'" in the Quarterly Journal of Speech.R. A. Gilbert. <mask> contributed to the AntiCorn Law League. Western Speech was published in 1970. Norman McCord. The Anti-Corn Law League was formed in the 18th century. The Anti-Corn Law League has a history. The Bishop.Hon. <mask> has cartoons from the collection of "Mr. Punch". There are two people named <mask> and Joseph Chamberlain. pp: 623–46 was published in the Historical Journal. Donald, read. According to Cobden and <mask>: A Victorian Political Partnership, Robbins was more influential. <mask> died.George Barnett was written by Smith. The Life and Speeches of <mask> focus on <mask>'s policy towards India and his attacks on the East India Company. The Decline of British Radicalism was published in 1995. Taylor and Miles. The online edition of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography was accessed by Westwood, Shannon Rebecca. <mask> was involved in the American Civil War. Diss.The university is online. David Michael is the author of Historiography Loades. The reader's guide to British history was published in 2003 <mask> is a Chancellor of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Liberal

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John Bright
John Bright


texts: <mask>'Orefice is an American model and actress. As of the Spring/Summer 2012 season, she is the world's oldest working model. She was on the cover of Vogue at the age of 15 and has been modeling ever since. Her daily motto is to enjoy herself. Dell'Orefice was born in New York City to parents of Italian and Hungarian descent. Frequent break ups and reconciliations characterized her parents' relationship. During her parents' battles, Dell'Orefice lived in foster homes.At the age of 13, she was approached to model by the wife of a photographer. According to Dell'Orefice, her test photos were a flop. The 15-year-old signed a modeling contract for $7.50 an hour after being introduced to Vogue. She was the first model to shoot a Vogue cover. She is in the December 15, 1946 issue of US Vogue. Iss. They played Little Red Riding Hood, Snow White and Cinderella.Dell'Orefice's modeling income was not enough to support her family. Runners were sent to Dell'Orefice's apartment to let them know about modeling jobs. She used to save on bus fares. She was so thin that fashion photographers had to put her curves in tissue. Dell'Orefice and her mother were seamstresses. DorianLeigh was one of their customers. Dell'Orefice was best friends withLeigh's sister.They were bridesmaids at the second wedding of Roger W. Mehle. Dell'Orefice's rate was raised to $25 per hour in 1947. She was one of the youngest Vogue cover models and appeared on the October 1947 cover. She was on the cover of Vogue. She worked with some of the most famous fashion photographers of the era. Dell'Orefice was photographed in 1960. <mask> Meninas has been collected internationally.She was photographed for a classic Vanity Fair lingerie campaign in which Dell'Orefice obscures her face with his hand. She was a muse for Dal. Despite her early successes, Eileen Ford declined to represent her and Vogue lost interest in her. Her thin frame required medical attention as doctors prescribed shots to start puberty, and her new curves brought her work in catalogs modeling lingerie at $300 an hour. After her second marriage in 1959 she retired from modeling. Dell'Orefice returned to modeling in 1978 after three divorces. She was on the cover of a quarterly publication called "For the woman of style and substance".She was a model for several brands in the 1990s and 2000s, including Cho Cheng and Rolex. Vogue, W andHarper's Bazaar feature Dell'Orefice in their advertising campaigns. In 1993 she appeared in The Babe Business, a feature documentary that was filmed in New York. In recognition of her contribution to the fashion industry, she was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of the Arts London. An exhibition featuring Dell'Orefice's Vogue covers, career highlights, and photographs from her personal archives was sponsored by the university. Dell'Orefice has appeared in campaigns for Missoni, shot by Giampaolo Sgura, and has walked the runway for Anna Sui. Dell'Orefice collaborated with David Gandy and Isabeli Fontana to promote the reopening of the Palacio de Hierro Polanco.She has appeared on the covers of several magazines. Bill and Dell'Orefice were married in the early 1950s. Miles was able to exploit his wife financially by allowing her only $50 allowance from her earnings. They divorced after having a daughter, Laura. She married Richard Heimann six months after they met. He left her after she decided to retire. Their marriage didn't work out, but it had nothing to do with her retirement.After <mask> and Richard divorced in 1960, they remained friends for 53 years. Richard Kaplan was her third marriage and he was an architect. The marriage lasted a long time. Dell'Orefice was engaged to David Susskind in the 1980's. They were married before he died. She met Norman F. Levy in 1993 when she was introduced to him by a neighbor. She was with Levy for a long time.Dell'Orefice lost most of her money in the stock market. She had to sell off her famous modeling photographs from the 1940s to the 1980s. With little money she had left and money from her boyfriend, she invested with a notorious financial fraud. For twelve years, Dell'Orefice and Norman Levy were part of a group called the "foursome". Levy died in 2005 at the age of 93. According to Dell'Orefice, Levy had $244 million in assets at the time of his death. The funds were used to lure over 13,500 individuals and charities to his Ponzi scheme.After Levy's death, she continued to socialize with the Madoffs. Dell'Orefice was told by her friend that she too had been bankrupted by the scheme. Dell'Orefice lost all of his life savings for the second time. Staying Beautiful: Beauty Secrets and Attitudes from My Forty Years as a Model is a filmography reference.

masks:
Carmen Dell
Carmen Las
Carmen


texts: A Canadian electrical engineer, scientist, army officer, cabinet minister, and diplomat was named General <mask>aughton. Moosomin, District of Assiniboia, North-West Territories, is where McNaughton was born. He was brought up by an adventuresome father who had once been a trader in buffalo hides and a loving mother, both immigrants from Scotland. Growing up on a farm instilled in him a life-long love of hard work and self- discipline. While riding horses across the vast expanses of the Prairies, he also hunted and fished. He said that his youth on a frontier farm made him tough and hardy. His parents converted to the Church of England and voted Conservative, just like many other Anglo-Canadians of the Victorian era.Even though he would come, his biographer noted that he had a sense of Canadian nationalism because of his Scottish-Canadian identity. Even though he was devoted to science, and believed that the pure rationality of science was the best solution to the world's problems, he never seemed to have any difficulty in reconciling his faith in the Anglican church with his faith in science. He was very proud of his Scottish heritage despite being a member of the Church of England. After winning a scholarship, he was a student at Bishop's College School. At Bishop's, he was both a student and an athlete. He studied under a famous New Zealander physicist at the University of Montreal in 1905. As a student, his grades were outstanding and he was a man to watch.He wanted to serve the British Empire in India and applied for a commission in the Indian Army as an undergrad. He earned a B.A. after joining the Canadian non-permanent Militia. He earned a degree in physics and engineering from the University of Montreal in 1910, and a degree in electrical engineering from the same university in 1912. He was a professor of engineering at the time of the Great War. His invention of a direction finder was a form of technology that would evolve into radar. He married an Irish Catholic woman in 1914. He joined the Canadian militia during the First World War.After the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, he took the 4th battery of the Canadian Expeditionary Force overseas and arrived in France in February 1915. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in March 1916 and took command of the 11 (Howitzer) brigade in July of 1916. He became the Counter Battery Staff Officer of the Canadian Corps in February 1917. The commander of the Canadian Corps decided to promote the young man from the command of a brigade to a senior position because he had heard a lot about his work. He was promoted to brigadier-general on the day before the war ended. He was wounded twice in the war and received multiple decorations. The normal privileges of an officer, living alongside his men and eating the same food, and being noted for his care for his men, were not demanded by McNaughton.He slept on the floor, ate the same bully beef ration as the average soldier, and preferred to be called Andy instead of his rank. The men who served under him were fond of him because he represented their interests instead of the high command. After being promoted to Corps Counter Battery Staff Officer, McNaughton used his expertise in engineering to help make advances in the science of artillery, particularly in locating stationary and moving targets. The Canadians were able to accurately map the vast majority of German gun positions thanks to his innovations in the detection of German artillery positions with flash-spotting and sound-ranging. On April 9, 1917, when the Canadian corps attacked Vimy Ridge, a technique developed by McNaughton to measure the wear on cannon barrels and make adjustments to their aiming proved to be crucial. As the battle began, the combination of accurately plotted German gun positions and deadly accurate Canadian fire led to precise strikes that eliminated over 80% of enemy guns. The effective implementation of the creeping barrage was crucial to the success of the infantry advance.The infantry of the Canadian Corps were able to take the ridge after the counter-battery team knocked out most of the German guns in the first two hours. In 1915 and 1916, the British and the French attempted to assault the ridge, but were unsuccessful, making it a symbol of German power on the Western Front. The fact that the four divisions of the Canadian corps fought together in the first battle resulted in the battle taking on a legendary aura in Canada. His reputation was made because of his role in using operational research to map out the exact location of the German guns. The fact that he was only 29 at the time of the battle marked him out as an outstanding gun. On February 5, 1918, he was hit by fragments of a German shell and had to be hospitalized. By war's end, McNaughton was considered to be the most skilled and capable artilleryman in the army.In 1918, General Sir Frederick Pile wrote that McNaughton was "probably the best and most scientific gunner in any army in the world". His ideas were huge. After joining the regular army in 1920, he was promoted to the position of Chief of the General staff in 1929. He worked on modernizing the army and the militia. The numbered battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force had to be integrated with the old militia battalions in 1919. The Canadian Light Infantry, which had been privately raised in 1914, was taken on by the "permanent force militia", as a result of McNaughton, who served on the Otter committee. The 22nd Battalion, which came from Quebec and won more battle honours than any other Canadian battalion, should be kept on to show the army appreciated the sacrifice of French Canadians in the war.The Royal 22nd Regiment became the most famous French-Canadian unit in the Canadian Army after being assigned to the "permanent force militia" as the 22nd Battalion. The "principle peril" to Canada was "the danger of the overthrow of Law and Order", which the report stated were mostly immigrants from Eastern Europe. The best way of defeating the "Bolshevik peril" was to have an efficient military body with which to overawe this unruly element, and to convert them from their perverted ideals to a true conception of citizenship. The militia was intended to fulfill the role of "aid to civil power". The historian James Eayers wrote that McNaughton dominated his colleagues in the military establishment as a great oak dominates a scrub forest. At the same time, McNaughton was referred to as a "master military bureaucratic politician" who fought hard for more funding for defence and as a general who was so interested in scientific problems who had "attacks of the gadgets" during staff meetings as he always fascinated by science and technology He was published in various scientific journals throughout his military career.To get more military funding from hostile politicians, the most powerful civil servant in the country pushed for northern development. As part of his plans to develop the far north of Canada, McNaughton pressed for the aerial mapping and survey of the north, which increased the budget for the Royal Canadian Air Force and for the building of the Northwest Territories. As he became the most powerful civil servant in the capital during the interwar period, he saw the militia as a "school for the nation" as he argued that "foundations of military efficiency" rested upon providing a patriotic education of male citizens. In 1922, the portion of general staff officers with a background in the technical services reached 50%, but as a "gunner", McNaughton favored promoting officers from the artillery and engineers over the cavalry and infantry, increasing the portion of general staff officers with a background in the technical services The cavalry and infantry felt that the "gunners" were holding most of the senior positions. The chief of staff and the minister of national defence were at odds in 1929–30 due to the fact that the Defence Minister, Colonel James Ralston, considered himself just as much an expert on defence matters as the chief of staff. The plans to upgrade the equipment of the permanent force militia and to build more arsenals were vetoed by Ralston.Had the Liberals won the 1930 election, <mask> was going to resign as he didn't want to serve anymore under Ralston. In the 1930 election, McNaughton was a friend of the Conservative leader Richard Bennett and in 1935 he secretly suggested improvements to his speeches. During the years 1930–35 when Bennett was Prime Minister, there was a time when he was at the top of his game. During the interwar period, McNaughton was credited with inventing the cathode ray tube, which made him the best known Canadian soldier and scientist around the world. In 1933, when the Bennett government brought in the "Big Cut" to defence spending, McNaughton tried to abolish the Royal Canadian Navy, arguing that Canada did not need a navy. In a lengthy bureaucratic battle, Commodore Walter Hose of the Royal Canadian Navy argued to the Bennett government that Japan's seizure of the Manchuria region of China in 1931 was proof that Canada needed sea power. The RCN was almost abolished in 1933, but Hose was able to save the navy, which left a lasting bitterness between the two services.The Canadian historian Colonel John English wrote that the Canadian military was adversely affected by the intelligence and drive of the general, who was so caught up in his scientific studies that he neglected military issues. The hostility felt by most Canadians towards a professional army was shared by McNaughton, who believed that a well-trained militia was all that was needed. The professional army was described as the "instructional corps" for the militia by McNaughton in 1931. Writing about the importance of training officers for the operational level of war, he did not see the importance of the education of Canadian men and the creation of a national spirit suitable for war. For a highly scientific army, what was needed were officers well trained in science like himself, and that could be best obtained outside the army itself. The funding for the training of infantry and cavalry officers was cut because of this way of viewing war. The majority of senior positions in the Canadian Army in World War II were held by engineers and signals men.As early as 1933, there were complaints from infantry officers that the senior positions were being monopolized by the "cannons", as they were known. The C.G.S is a super-engineer and college professor. He is a good member of the Canadian Militia. He is cold, calculating, touchy, and determined to pursue his own schemes, and will not take advice. The Imperial Defence College provided a lot of training for questions of grand strategy. English said that McNaughton neglected the study for war on the operational level, which did not interest him in the same way that grand strategy and science did. Relief camps were formed in the summer of 1932 due to the poverty caused by the Great Depression.While on a tour of the nation's military establishments General McNaughton was shocked by the sight of homeless men living in shacks, begging on the streets of Western cities and swarming aboard freight trains to move on to the next town or city in search of a job. There was a situation where the possibility of revolution didn't seem real. He presented a proposal that the Prime Minister accepted. It would get the men off the streets, out of the cities and out of sight, and at the same time improve their bodies and provide useful work in a group of camps run by the military. In relief camps, men would be fed, clothed and housed, and would work on projects of national importance. As an alternative to bloodshed on the streets, this stop-gap solution was to establish military-run and -styled relief camps in remote areas throughout the country, where single unemployed men toiled for twenty cents a day. The effort to aid the unemployed and indigent and prevent the propagation of revolution turned into a hotbed of dissent due to the harsh discipline adopted.The letter was read to the House of Commons by J. S. Woodsworth. There is a tarpaper shack with no windows, along each side there is a row of double decker bunks, spacing them out so that there is room for two men in each bunk. You can crawl into the bunks from the foot end. The men can sit on a narrow board along the front of the lower bunk. The place is poorly lit and has few skylights. When the men are sitting on the bench there isn't much room to pass between them because the passageway between the bunks is so narrow. At times the place smells bad and at night the air is filthy.The end of the shack where the men wash is caked with black mud. The toilet is filthy and small. The seeds of revolution were inherent in the scheme for staving off revolution. Within two years, the camps that had received applause would be known as slave camps. Newspapers, magazines and radios were not allowed for the volunteer inmates. Any man who left a camp, even for a visit to his family, was refused re-entry and the "dole" was denied to him. He was head of the National Research Council of Canada from 1935 to 1939.The National Research Council Building M50 was named after him. The McNaughton medal is presented annually for excellence in engineering. As the best known Canadian soldier, McNaughton was the natural choice to lead the Canadian Expeditionary Force to Europe; the fact that he was opposed to compulsory military service made him feel good. The Prime Minister of Quebec, Maurice Duplessis, called a snap election in September of 1939 in order to get the people of Quebec to vote against the war. The prime minister had a potent political shield to wield against those in English Canada who called for overseas conscription because of the endorsement of McNaughton by a professional soldier. In order to defeat Germany, the correct way was through a series of methodical, "scientific" operations in which artillery was to play the dominant role promised to minimize casualties. The Conscription crisis of 1917 was caused by the heavy losses taken by the Canadian Expeditionary Force in the battles from 1915 to 1917, as the government of Sir Robert Borden had the choice of either pulling the Canadian Corps out of action or bringing in conscription.During the early part of the Second World War, McNaughton commanded the 1st Canadian Infantry Division and led it overseas, first to the United Kingdom in December 1939 and then to France in June 1940, only to be withdrawn back to England in the final stages of the Battle of France. The Canadian soldiers sent to Britain had the best possible accommodations

masks:
Andrew George Latta McN
McNaughton


texts: and were always popular with the rank and file of the Canadian Army. As the best known Canadian general in the world, McNaughton attracted much media attention in Canada, the United Kingdom and even the neutral United States as the great "soldier-scientist", making the cover of Life magazine on 18 December 1939. The British government asked for permission to send the 1st Canadian Division to Norway in April 1940, but the Norwegian campaign ended before the Canadians could arrive. The finance minister in the acting prime minister's office at the time was Colonel Ralston, who was very much against McNaughton. The fact that the 1st Division would be sent to Norway without consulting the Canadians was an illegal act according to Ralston. As he sought an opinion from the deputy judge advocate about the legality of sending the 1st division to Norway before agreeing first, he exploded in rage about politicians trying to run the war while 3, 000 miles away.After Norman Rogers was killed in an airplane clash, the previous defence minister, Colonel Ralston, was brought back by King. In 1929–30, relations between Ralston and McNaughton remained unfriendly. While the civilian minister of defence was more open to the idea of overseas conscription, the general insisted as a professional soldier that it was unsound. Ernest Cté, one of the officers on McNaughton's staff was astonished to see a complaint made about the appearance of Canadian Army trucks on aesthetic grounds. In an interview with the historian Jack Granatstein, Cté said that he had doubts about McNaughton's fitness for high command, but that he was universally admired and liked by the officers who served under him. The first two chiefs of the Imperial General Staff, Field Marshall Edmund Ironside and Field Marshall John Dill, were good friends of McNaughton's, as he served alongside both men in World War One. The Canadian Corps was renamed after he commanded VII Corps from July to December 1940.The Canadian Army in the United Kingdom, reinforced with the II Canadian Corps, and the Canadian Corps being redesignated as the I Canadian Corps, was organized into the Canadian First Army in April 1942. His contribution to the development of new techniques was outstanding, especially in the field of detection and weaponry. After the fall of Hong Kong and the loss of the C Force, there was an increase in tension between the two men. The First Canadian Army in Britain was kept out of action in order to keep Canadians out of harms way, meaning there was no need for overseas conscription. He wanted all of the Canadian units to fight together, so he wouldn't allow a division or two to be detached from his command to go to North Africa. British, Australian, New Zealand, South African and Indian divisions fought the North African campaign while the Canadian units stayed in Britain, guarding against a possible invasion of Britain. While the other Commonwealth units were fighting the North African campaign, many of the Canadian officers and enlisted men in Britain were jealous of the way the other Commonwealth units were winning.The 2nd Canadian Division was asked to take part in a raid on the French city of Dieppe by Mountbatten in the spring of 1942. The British failed to provide needed, requested, and promised support, which resulted in the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division sustaining heavy casualties in the Dieppe Raid. General Sir Alan Brooke, the British Chief of the Imperial General Staff, criticized him a lot. Brooke was the Staff Officer Royal Artillery in the Canadian Corps during the First World War and organized the "creeping barrages" in support of the assaults at the Battle of Vimy Ridge. A dress rehearsal for the full-scale invasion of the Continent was held during the Operation Spartan war games in 1943, which badly damaged McNaughton's reputation. The "capital" of the fictional country of "Eastland" was defended by the VIII Corps and XI Corps of the British Army. The decision to leave his command post on the night of 7 March 1943 to personally supervise the building of a bridge over the Thames was criticized by many people.As he insisted on doing everything himself, McNaughton was unable to delegate authority properly, leading to command paralysis. Colonel English wrote that McNaughton had no idea that a corps needed a minimum of 24 hour warning in order to execute a major task. The British War Secretary, Sir James Grigg, who attended the Spartan war game, wrote that he was "appalled at McNaughton's indecision" as he stood in front of his situation map hesitating as to what to do and what orders to issue". The Spartan war game was attended by General Alan Brooke, who wrote in his diary that he was "proving my worse fear that McNaughton is quite incompetent to command an army!" During the Spartan war game, General Harry Crerar, the man who was to replace McNaughton as commander of the First Canadian Army, wrote that he was unsuitable for high operational command. Spartan ended in defeat for the Canadians as they were unable to break out over the river. In the spring of 1943, King became obsessed with the fear that the war would end with the Canadians not being able to win on land, because he had tried to keep the Canadians out of action as much as possible in order to avoid casualties.King insisted to the British that a Canadian division had to take part in the Allied invasion of Italy because he believed it would provide an opportunity for easy victories that would not cause too many casualties. Despite King's political motives, the British agreed to accommodate him. He was against losing a division and sending the 1st Division to Sicily to satisfy a desire for activity. The decision to detach the 1st Canadian Division from the First Canadian Army, which was to be part of the British Eighth Army, was reluctantly approved by McNaughton in June 1943. Even though he was concerned about losing a division, he was promised that 1st Division would return to Britain to rejoin the First Canadian Army when Husky was completed, and the possibility of finally getting the 1st Division into action, which had been assigned to Britain in late 1939, was too much to The invasion of Canada began on July 9, 1943, but the initial press releases did not mention it. Montgomery refused to allow McNaughton to observe the 1st Division in action because he didn't want him interfering with his operations.Montgomery was supported by General Guy Simonds as he felt that it would be difficult for him to serve two commanders at the same time. When he was the senior Canadian general in Europe, he had the right to visit Canadian troops wherever they were. The British found the Canadian nationalist to be a "prickly" man, as he saw Canada as an equal power. The Prime Minister decided that the 1st Canadian Division would stay with the British Eighth Army as it crossed over to the Italian mainland, and that he would send the 5th Canadian Armored Division and 1st Canadian Armoured brigade. The important thing for Canada at the end of the war is to have her army under the control of a Canadian. King was attracted to the idea of the Canadians fighting in Italy, which he thought would not involve too many losses and allow the Canadians to win battlefield glory. He believed that all of the Canadian units in Europe should operate together as part of the First Canadian Army, and that the Canadians would operate in both Italy and the north-west.The "dispersion of the Army" would be a bad idea if 1st Corps were taken away from him, and in a memo to Ralston, he suggested "it would be wise to put someone in control who believed in it". When the Defence Minister passed along Brooke's opinion that McNaughton was not fit for field command, it strained relations with Ralston. The exchange of increasingly acrimonious telegrams between the two men resulted in the latter accusing the other of trying to undermine his command. In October 1943, the British Prime Minister came back from a weekend at Chequers looking limp and told Brooke that he had had a bad weekend. He was warned by Brooke that he might be asked to agree to an operation against Norway. He sent a telegram to King that he was against the employment of the Canadian forces in any operations in Norway. He was sent to attend a conference with Stalin.The USA did not enter the war until December of 1939 while Canada did in December of 1939. The Minister of National Defence objected to his support for voluntary enlistment. The British and Montgomery made it clear that they did not want the First Canadian Army going into the invasion of France, as a result of the loss of the I Canadian Corps to the Eighth Army. By the end of December, a fit and lively looking McNaughton returned to Canada, recalled on grounds of health, after being removed as commander of the First Canadian Army in December 1943. Lieutenant-General Harry Crerar took charge of the Canadian Corps in Italy. Prime Minister William Lyon King wanted to make him the first Canadian-born Governor General of Canada because of his support for a volunteer army. After the Conscription Crisis of 1944, King did all he could to avoid the introduction of compulsory military service.On the morning of 1 November 1944, King accepted Ralston's resignation as defence minister and fired him. The fact that McNaughton held anti-conscription views and had he and Ralston hated each other was an additional benefit, but he appointed him primarily out of the belief that he could produce enough volunteers to go overseas. The Defence Minister declared in his first speech that the continuation of the voluntary system will produce reinforcements. The Canadian historians Jack Granatstein and Desmond Morton said that the news of Ralston's dismissal put the crisis on the front pages in screaming headlines. The publicity made a lot of people angry against the once popular general. Audiences booed and jeered when he tried to rally the country behind the no-conscription policy. He tried to get the "Zombies", men who had been conscripted for the defence of Canada, so-called because they were soldiers who could not legally fight overseas, to volunteer for Europe, but his speeches failed to move his audience."Mackenzie King will have to send me if he wants me to go overseas," said One Zombie. I'm not willing to help out this government. On the morning of 22 November 1944, General John Carl Murchie told McNaughton about the failure of his policy and that virtually no zombies had volunteered to go active. King was told by the headquarters staff that the voluntary system would not get the men, as the prime minister wrote in his diary. In his own words, the surrender of civil government to the military was described as a "generals' revolt", a "Palace revolution", and a "generals' revolt". Despite King's wishes, McNaughton called for compulsory military service, a move that was unpopular with many Canadians. On November 22, 1944, as he was never elected to the House of Commons, he had to go to the bar of the House of Commons to announce that some 17,000 zombies were to go overseas.The short-lived Terrace Mutiny was caused by word of the decision that the "Zombie" soldiers were going to guard the Pacific coast against a Japanese invasion. General George Pearkes of the Pacific command went to Terrace and told the mutinyers that if they agreed to lay down their arms, no charges would be pressed. In 1945, he tried to get elected to the House of Commons as a Liberal in the Ontario riding of Grey North. During the 1945 by-election, the Conservative candidate W. Garfield Case claimed that the general was under the control of Mrs. McNaughton, who in turn was taking her orders from the Pope. The Catholic plan was to destroy the British and Protestant character of Canada by having only volunteers go overseas, where many would be killed. In a speech in Owen Sound, the Baptist reverend Thomas Todhunter Shields warned that a vote for McNaughton was a vote for the Roman Catholic hierarchy and for the future of enslavement in Canada. Mrs. McNaughton was portrayed as an influence on her husband by Shields and he was furious that she should become the central issue in the by-election.He said that it was wrong for the "most British riding in Canada" to vote for McNaughton, who he said was "lacking in courage, loyalty and resolve, a community which has deteriorated till we find them paying tribute to." The decision to send only 17, 000 zombies to Europe was portrayed as a disaster, with the claim being made in a speech by the Conservative leader that most of the 17, 000 had either deserted or thrown their rifles away. When John Diefenbaker arrived in Grey North to campaign for Case, he claimed that Quebec was the province of deserters while Ontario was the province of volunteers. The fact that the Conservative leader personally campaigned in Grey North together with rising Conservative stars like Diefenbaker was a further advantage for Case. Case was elected the Member of Parliament for Grey North in the by-election of 5 February 1945. It was the issue of his wife's Catholicism that caused his defeat in the Grey North riding, and it was also the reason he ran for the House of Commons in a riding that was mostly rural and Protestant. The Grey North area was described by the journalist John Marshall as "rural, ardently Protestant and very committed to uphold the British connection", which led him to wonder why King chose to run in Grey North.The general would almost certainly have won the Grey North by-election if Mrs. McNaughton had been a Protestant, according to another journalist. The Liberal candidate in the 1945 federal election was defeated in the riding of Qu'Appelle. The Defence minister resigned in August 1945. He had to be replaced as Governor-General designate because King had made him take blame for the war. The first appointment of a Canadian to the role of Governor-General of Canada was set back by seven more years after King recommended that the British Field Marshall Sir Harold Alexander be appointed. The McNaughton Avenue was dedicated to General <mask>ton in 1943. Main Street goes from McGillivray Street to the avenue.From 1948 to 1949, he served as Canada's Ambassador to the United Nations, and from 1950 to 1962, he chaired the Canadian Section of the International Joint Commission. During the Korean War, his son was the commander of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. <mask> was the Chief of the Land Staff of the Canadian Forces from 2006 to 2010. Colonel (1 January 1923), Major-General (1 January 1929), and Lieutenant-General (1940) were promoted. The list of Bishop's College School alumni can be found

masks:
Andrew McNaugh
Andrew


texts: <mask> was an English murderer of the American Old West. Robert K. DeArment wrote the book "Deadly Dozen", which states that he is one of the twelve most under appreciated gunfighters of the 19th century west. <mask> was born in England, but little is known of his early life. It is not certain when he ventured to the United States, but it is believed to have been during the 1850s. He was a professional gambler that made his way around mining boomtowns. He was involved in a gunfight in the mining camp of Gold Creek in Montana Territory on August 25, 1862. He entered the town and said his name was <mask>, and that he and his companion, a man named Fox, were on the trail of horse thieves who had stolen six valuable horses in Idaho.The thieves, C.W. <mask> and Fox entered the camp by about three days after Spillman, Bill Arnett, and B.F. Jermagin. While <mask> and Fox searched for the others, they captured Spillman and put him in the custody of several miners. Locating them in a large tent used as a saloon, <mask> stepped inside with a double barrel shotgun and demanded both men throw up their hands and surrender. <mask> shot Arnett with one blast from his shotgun in the chest, killing him instantly, after he grabbed his pistol lying on the table beside him. Jermagin and Spillman were tried the next day in a makeshift court. Jermagin was able to argue that he was not involved in the theft.The man was sentenced to hang. He was executed the next day. The most prominent mining camps in Nevada Territory were Aurora and Austin. The silver camp of Austin was in the center of the Territory. There was a dispute over who was the chief in Austin. The use of pistols and knives was rejected by involved parties because of the late editorial. <mask> had another talent that was fisticuffs.<mask> and an Irishman settled the issue. They met up in a saloon at the corner of Main and Cedar Streets. In the presence of an excited crowd, <mask> and Peel came to an agreement in regards to the rules of pugilism to be allowed. Life and reputation Duel was next heard of when he arrived in Virginia City, Nevada. He was a partner in a gambling operation with a former soldier. During this time, famed writer Mark Twain became friends with <mask>, writing later of how well they had gotten along, and particularly of a joke that <mask> pulled on him during the winter of 1866. In 1867, <mask> and Peel moved their operations to Salt Lake City, Utah.While in Salt Lake City, the two argued. By the summer of 1867, the two were working together again in Montana. On the night of July 22, 1867, Peel and <mask> sat at a table in the "Greer Brothers Exchange Saloon" and had a renewed argument. Both men were arguing loudly. Peel pulled his gun on <mask> after hitting him in the face with one hand. <mask> raised his hands. Peel said he should return and arm himself.<mask> retreated to his room, quickly wrote down a will for the disposition of his property in the event of his death, then took his gun. After an hour, Peel thought that <mask> had fled from his challenge, and therefore left the saloon. By the time <mask> came back, Peel had left the saloon and moved to the "Chase Saloon" to meet his girlfriend. Neil was escorted to his room by Peel. They were met by <mask> as they walked onto Main Street. Immediately the two men drew their guns, Peel's arm was unintentionally locked by Niel, who was tugging his arm and slowing his draw. Peel fell face down into the street after <mask> got off two shots.<mask> fired a third round into Peel's head, killing him. <mask> was taken into custody by the town marshal. The lynch mob wanted to hang <mask>, but Beidler backed them down. <mask> was released after the jury failed to convict in the trial that followed. He traveled to Wyoming. <mask> was treated as a man with a reputation due to the fact that he killed Peel, who was known to have killed at least four men prior to <mask>. He was treated like a celebrity while in Wyoming.<mask> married a pretty lady, but not suited for his lifestyle, in 1868 in Utah. <mask> and her had two children in Chicago. <mask> placed his children in foster homes after her death. He was operating as a gambler in Omaha by the next year. Shortly before midnight on July 12, 1873, while in the company of gambler George Mehaffy, <mask> and Mehaffy stabbed railroad employee Samual Atwood outside the "Crystal Saloon" in Omaha, due to Atwood warning others that <mask> was a crooked gambler running a crooked game. <mask> was found inside "Sullivan's Saloon" by Gilbert Rustin, who went in search of the two men. <mask> produced his pistol and refused to be arrested when Rustin approached him.<mask> sat down in a chair and fell asleep after running all the patrons out of the saloon. He quietly surrendered to arrest when awakened. A mob of supporters were threatening to hang <mask> because he was still alive. The two were being held in the local jail. <mask> was released after Atwood implicated Mehaffy as the attacker he could identify. Mehaffy was freed on bond and began working with <mask> again. <mask> began to move frequently through the small western towns of the day, often in the company of other gamblers, and often taking part in crooked games meant to steal money from amateur gamblers.He was a promoter of professional boxing. He and Mehaffy were arrested in 1874 for robbing a man in a gin mill. After <mask> was released on bond, the charges were dropped. <mask> moved to Deadwood, South Dakota in 1876 because he had worn out his welcome in that area. He settled in Denver, Colorado, in 1879 and over the next few years his name appeared in police reports, often being arrested for public drunkenness and disturbing the peace. While in "The Slaughterhouse saloon", he was once arrested for disturbing the peace, at which point he resisted knocking one policeman unconscious with a walking stick, after which several other officers beat him into submission. <mask> and Jim Moon were involved in an altercation with two city policemen on the night of October 14, 1880.Moon's wife and another woman who was dating <mask> threw chinaware at the officers, causing them to retreat. After seeing that they could not win, <mask> and Moon surrendered. Moon killed Sam Hall with his pistol less than a month later. He was acquitted on the basis of self defense. Moon, a jealous man, attacked a gambler named Clay Wilson, believing he was paying too much attention to his wife. Moon was shot and killed by Wilson. Jim Bush shot <mask> in the foot after an argument in Denver in January of 1882.The matter was dropped because <mask> refused to press charges. He moved on after that. He and Frisky Barnett attended a show in the "Peoples Theater" in 1898. Barnett jammed his lit cigar into <mask>'s eye as the two men walked out, causing <mask> to scream in pain and draw his pistol. Barnett drew his own pistol after jumping behind a woman. The two men emptied their pistols. One of <mask>'s shots hit the woman, another took off Barnett's fingers.<mask> had been shot four times, once in the neck, once in the groin, once in the chin and once in the left arm. The woman was able to recover, but <mask> had to amputate his arm. Barnett was fined for discharging a firearm in the city. <mask> was expected to die, but hung on for a while. He had a bullet in his neck. When the bullet began to bother him, he had it removed in Missouri. He died at the age of 93.There are external links to <mask>, Gunman Gunslingers of the American Old West.

masks:
John Bull
John Bull
John Bull
Bull
Bull
Bull
Bull
Johnny Bull
Bull
Bull
Bull
Bull
Bull
Bull
Bull
Bull
Bull
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Bull
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Bull
Bull
Bull
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Bull
John Bull


texts: <mask> was an English courtier, diplomat, and briefly a member of parliament, sitting in the House of Commons of England for part of 1660. He was a Roman Catholic writer. His wife was one of Charles II's mistresses. <mask> was the son of Sir James Palmer of Dorney Court and a Gentleman of the Bedchamber under King Charles I. He graduated from King's College, Cambridge. In 1656 he was admitted to the Inner Temple. In March 1660, Palmer was elected Member of Parliament for Windsor.He was not seated until 27 April. King Charles II's mistress was Barbara Villiers, his wife of one year. The title of Palmer Baron Limerick and Earl of Castlemaine was limited to the king's children by Barbara, who made it clear to the whole court that the honour was for her services in the King. Palmer did not want a peerage on these terms, but it was forced on him, and he never took his seat in the Irish House of Lords. He served as an officer in the Venetian Republic in 1664 after a lengthy tour in France and Italy. He served under the Duke of York in the Royal Navy during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Despite heavy legal and social penalties, Palmer was steadfast in his support of the Stuart monarchy.His loyalty to the throne and to the person of Charles II forced him to acquiesce to his wife's position as the King's mistress. As a Roman Catholic, Castlemaine came under suspicion at the time of the Popish plot. During the time of anti-Catholic hysteria, Palmer was committed to the Tower of London and tried for high treason at the King's Bench Bar. He had to represent himself and, as shown by the verbatim account in the State Trials, he was acquitted of the charges against him. Following James II's accession to the throne, he became a member of the English Privy Council. He was ridiculed as Europe's most famous cuckold when he was appointed Ambassador to the Vatican. He promoted James's plan to have Pope Innocent XI make Edward Petre a cardinal.Innocent didn't want to do that. After the Revolution of 1688, <mask> fled for refuge to Llanfyllin near his ancestral home in Montgomeryshire, but he was arrested in Oswestry, and committed to the Tower, spending most of his time there. He was freed on bail after 16 months in the Tower. After being arrested and sent to the Tower for failing to attend the Irish Parliament, he was released again 5 months later. He died in Oswestry at the age of 70 and was buried in the Herbert family vault at St Mary's Church. His wife Barbara followed him to the grave four years later. His nephew, Charles Palmer of Dorney Court, was left property in Wales which had come to him from his mother's family, but it proved to be heavily encumbered and worth little.His titles ceased to exist at his death. His wife's sons might technically have claimed them since they were all born while she remained married to him, and there is a presumption of legitimacy in marriage, but no one ever contended that they were in fact legitimate and no such claim was ever made. All of the sons were given titles of their own by Charles II. <mask>ine's Manifesto. His father predicted at the time of the wedding that Barbara would make him one of the most miserable men in the world. <mask> was a quiet, studious, bookish man and a Roman Catholic while his wife was an accomplished sexual athlete and a woman of whom her later lover, Charles II himself, was recorded as having claimed that she had all the tricks of the trade. At the time of <mask>'s wedding to Barbara, she was already the mistress of Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield and the marriage does not appear to have prevented her from continuing this relationship or seeking out new partners.After King Charles II's restoration to the throne in May 1660, Barbara became the favourite mistress. The King and Dukes have a fancy to make Madame Palmer's husband a cuckold, according to an entry to his diary. Barbara gave birth to a daughter named Lady Anne Palmer, who Palmer thought was his own daughter. "But that which pleased me best was that my Lady Castlemayne stood over against us upon a piece of White-hall, where I looked at her," Samuel said in his diary. It was odd to see her Lord and her on the same place, walking up and down without taking notice of anyone else, but afterwards she made him a very civil salute. Both of them would take their child, which the nurse held in her armes. The child was named Anne.However, Charles II also acknowledged her with her sister Charlotte as "his dear and natural daughters by the Duchess of Cleveland" and described her as "the Lady Anne Fitzroy" when granting her a patent of the arms. The Earl claimed the child as his own. It is believed that Barbara gave birth to a son named Charles in June 1662. Barbara took the young boy away and arranged for him to be re-christened in the Church of England because <mask> insisted on treating the boy as his own. None of the children who followed were claimed by Palmer and most of them were acknowledged by Charles II. English Roman Catholics Alumni of King's College, Cambridge Earls in the Peerage of Ireland, and Members of the Privy Council of England were all created by Charles II.

masks:
Roger Palmer
Roger
Castlemaine
Roger Palmerma
Roger
Roger
Roger Palmer


texts: <mask>Bobby<mask> is an Australian swimmer and former World Record holder in the 50 metres Backstroke and 2012 World Champion in the same event. He won a bronze medal as a team member on the 4  200 m freestyle relay at the FINA World Championships in Rome. He has five medals to his name, two gold, one silver and two bronze. The Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder was a specialist in sprint backstroke and middle and distance freestyle. At the 2017 FINA World Swimming Championships in Hungary, he led South African Olympic Champs Chad le Clos and Cameron van der Burgh to gold and bronze medals, respectively. The youngest of three children, <mask> was born in Mornington, VIC. His family moved to New South Wales where he attended high school.At the Junior Pan Pacific Championships in Maui, he won 2 gold in the 100 m freestyle relay, 4 gold in the 200 m freestyle relay, and 1 silver in the 200m freestyle. He placed 4th in the 100m freestyle, 6th in the 50m freestyle, and won the B Final of the 400m freestyle. At the 2008 Olympic Trials, he had a few chances to make the team. 3rd in the 400m freestyle behind Grant Hackett and Craig Stevens, 4th in the 200m Backstroke, 5th in the 100m Backstroke, and 4th in the non-selection 50m Backstroke. At the 2008 FINA World Championships (25m) in Manchester, England, <mask> competed in six events and picked up a gold medal in the 4  200 m freestyle relay as a heat swimmer. He was the youngest swimmer in the field and placed 8th in the 100m Backstroke final. The 2008 Oceania Championships were held in New Zealand.He won 8 medals here, 6 of which were gold, and 2 of which were silver. He won 6 medals, including 5 gold, and extended his range all the way to the 1500m freestyle at the 2008 Australian Short Course Championships. He won medals in every distance at the Australian Championships. After breaking the short course World Record in the 50m Backstroke at the 2008 FINA World Cup, he became a household name. He narrowly missed Ryan Lochte's World Record in the 100m Backstroke at the Singapore stop of the World Cup in a time of 50.28. At the Moscow, Stockholm and Berlin stops of the World Cup, <mask> won 17 medals in total, five of which were gold, and placed 4th in the overall ranking with 85 points. He won his first long course Australian title on the first day of the 400m freestyle at the Australian Championships in 2009.His winning time of 3:46.64 moved him into fourth place on the Australian All-Time Rankings. He secured a spot on the Australian Swimming Team by finishing second in the 1500m freestyle and 4th in the 200m freestyle. The 4  200 m freestyle relay team of Kenrick Monk, Tommaso D'Orsogna, and Patrick Murphy won a bronze medal at the 2009 FINA World Championships in Rome, Italy. The swimmer swam the second leg in 1:45.47. The Commonwealth and Australian Records were broken by the Australian quartet in a time of 7:01.65. The race was won by Team USA led by Michael Phelps and Ryan Lochte. The 400m and 800m freestyle finals were very close.He won 5 medals at the Australian Short Course Championships, including gold in the 50m, 100m Backstroke and 800m freestyle, and bronze in the 200m and 400m freestyle. He won 4 medals at the World Cup. At the World Cup stop in Sweden, <mask> broke the Australian Record in the 100m Backstroke with a time of 50.19. At the Berlin stop, he placed 3rd in the 400m freestyle in a time of 3:38.35 which was the 3rd fastest time ever by an Australian. Germany's Paul Biedermann set a World Record in the race. It was the third fastest time ever by an Australian in the 1500m freestyle when Oussama Mellouli was defeated by <mask>. At the 2010 Australian Championships in Sydney, he defended his 400m freestyle title and added two more national titles in the 800m and 1500m freestyle events.He came very close to breaking the 15 minute barrier in the 1500m freestyle, winning the event by 14 seconds. He won the 400m and 1500m freestyle events at the 2010 Australian Short Course Championships, taking his tally of National Titles to 14. At the 2010 Pan Pacific Championships in Irvine, California, he finished 4th in the 800m freestyle, 7th in the 400m freestyle, and 10th in the 1500m freestyle. At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, he missed the 400m freestyle finals because of food poisoning. At the Australian Short Course Championships, he won two gold medals, and at the FINA World Cup, he won two gold medals. The 3rd place finish in the 400m freestyle at the 2012 Olympic Trials is one spot short of Olympic selection for the second year in a row. In the 200m freestyle, where the top 6 are selected for the 4  200 m freestyle relay, <mask> finished a close 7th.In the 1500m freestyle, he finished 6th. At the 2012 Australian Short Course Championships in Perth, <mask> returned to his sprint Backstroke events after a two-year layoff, winning the 50m and 100m Backstroke events, and placing second in the 200m freestyle, securing his spot on the National Team to compete at the 2012 FIN He competed on the whole tour for the first time in his career at the 2012 FINA World Cup. He broke the Australian Record in the 100m Backstroke for the third time in his career. The overall point score was 57 points. At the 2012 FINA World Championships (25m) in Istanbul, Turkey, <mask> won the gold medal in the 50m Backstroke. He broke his own Australian Record in the semi final and then won the final in 23.06, defeating Olympic champion Matt Grevers from the United States and defending champion Stanislav Donets of Russia.This 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 In the 4  200 m freestyle relay, he won a silver and a bronze, as well as finishing 5th in the 100m backstroke. He won 3 gold medals and a bronze in the 50m, 100m Backstroke and 200m freestyle at the Australian Short Course Championships. The 3 gold medals took the total to 21. At the FINA World Cup, Hurley had his best tour to date, winning 34 medals (15 Gold) across 8 competitions, and placing 3rd on the overall point score with 285 points. Three times, Hurley broke the World Record in the 4x50m Mixed Medley Relay, swimming the Backstroke leg. He broke his own Australian Record twice in the 100m Backstroke, swimming 50.01 seconds at the Berlin stop, before being the first Australian to break to 50 second barrier, swimming 49.92 at the Tokyo stop of the World Cup.He has broken the Australian Record five times. This was a record of the Commonwealth. He picked up a silver medal in the 50m Backstroke at the Australian Championships, as well as placing 5th in the 100m Backstroke and 8th in the 200m Backstroke. To be able to compete, he had to overcome chronic elbow pain. After undergoing stem cell therapy in his elbow in May of last year, he took a break from the sport for four months. He decided to leave the University of Michigan to continue his training for the Olympics. In the 100m Backstroke final, he placed 6th and in the non-olympic 50m Backstroke final, he placed 2nd.He didn't make the Australian Olympic Team. After winning 6 gold, 15 silver and 10 bronze medals at the 2016 FINA World Cup, he was forced to withdraw from the rest of the tour due to brachial neuritis in his right shoulder. In the 50m Backstroke at the 2016 Australian Short Course Championships, he took 3rd without arms, using just kick. He ran the 100m Backstroke to win the gold medal. At the 2016 FINA World Championships (25m) in Windsor, Canada, he placed 5th in the 50m Backstroke and 11th in the 100m Backstroke. The performance manager of the Chad le Clos Swimming Academy moved to Cape Town, South Africa, to start professional coaching. The Energy Standard International Swimming Club was co-coaching Chad le Clos.Le Clos won a gold medal in the 200m butterfly at the World Swimming Championships, while van der Burgh won a bronze medal in the 50m Breaststroke. Marais had a best 22nd in the 5 km open water event. References External links 1988 births Living people Australian male backstroke swimmers World record Setters in swimming Australian male freestyle swimmers World aquatics Championships medals in swimming Australian Institute of Sport swimmers Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships

masks:
Robert "
" Hurley
Hurley
Hurley
Hurley
Hurley
Hurley
Hurley
Hurley
Hurley