texts: <mask> was a French Roman Catholic missionary. He was a pre-Tertiary geologist/paleontologist, Paleozoic corals specialist, and archaeologist. <mask> was born in France in the summer of 1924. He was sent to Vietnam in 1951 as a professor at the Petit Séminaire after being admitted into the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris. He went into the study of the Devonian corals. He settled at Saigon when the country was divided into North and South. There was no geological survey when he arrived.He set up and oversaw the new Geological Survey, and carried out research into limestone and coal for a cement factory and coal mine, as well as pure silica sands for glassworks and mineral springs. The Dangun Spring is one of the springs studied and has been bottled under the name Laska. The first number came out in 1952 under the direction of Edmond Saurin who was the last chief of Geological Survey of Indochina. He was responsible for 16 new editions from 1975 to 1975. He was appointed expert-geologist to the Geological Survey of the Republic of Vietnam after getting his PhD from the University of Paris. The Department of Geology of the University of Hu was founded by him. The geological maps 1/2 000 000 of the former French Indochina, the geological understanding of coastal areas, islands of the Gulf of Thailand, and early Quaternary alluvial formations were improved by his research.He helped to develop pilot studies in order to build up dams on different rivers and to explore heavy minerals in dunes of sand along the eastern coast. He discovered a prehistoric site at Phuoc Tn on the route to B Ria. He studied some archeological sites. In 1971 he discovered a funeral jars site. The sites of Ho Vinh and Phu Ho are part of the culture. He was appointed as a cooperating expert to the CCOP in 1978 and it was supported until 1991 by the United Nations. The French Government supported a research project called "Pre-Tertiary Petroleum Potentials in the CCOP Region" which was conducted by the CCOP.<mask> spent a lot of time in Asia. He died in January 2020 at the age of 95. The 1971 edition of the carte géologique was called "Ban do dia chat" and was completed by H. <mask>. Nat. There is ageogr. The office of the director of VN. The name is Dalat.The ancient marine levels of the Quaternary were found in Vietnam. There is a Journ. Hong Kong Archeol. Ins., 4: 29–33 Hong Kong. W. Meacham is the translator. The archive is at http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk.Asian Perspectives, 23 (1):1-8, Honolulu, was written by Edmond Saurin. The extent of the Sa Huynh Culture in continental Southeast Asia was studied in 1980. Asian Perspectives was published in 23(1). Honolulu. 1980 - and J.H.C.S. The archaeological site of Hoa Vkinh is in Central Vietnam. Asian Perspectives was published in Honolulu.Carboniferous corals from Northeast Thailand were studied by R. Ingavat and D. Vachard. Bull. It's a word that means "geol." Soc. Malaysia, 15: 47-54, 2 pl. Kuala Lumpur. D.T.Nguyen, D. Vachard, and C. Vozenin-Serra were involved.The beginnings of Southeast Asia. The CCOP conference. Proc. There is an Ed. Indonesia's Bangdung. The pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments were found in 1989. The 22nd session of CCOP was held.Proc. Ed. : 347 p. L. Beauvais, M. Caridroit, C. Chonglakmani, P. David, E. Espiritu, S. Gafoer, Y. C. Poumot, B. Songsirikul, V. Suteethorn, W. Tantiwanit, V. Tansuwan, D.T. Ten years of CCOP research on the pre-Tertiary of East Asia. CCOP Techn.Publ., 20: 350 p. <mask>, N. Sattayarak and V. Suteethorn wrote about the corals of Thailand. CCOP Technical Bull., 24, 171 p. 1995 and Ibrahim B. A. The Kinta Valley is in Perak. It's a word that means "geol."Soc. Malaysia Bull., 38: 159-172, 4 pl. The products are available at http://www.gsm.org.my. The Vachards discovered late Early Permian limestone in southern Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. In 1998 the Proceedings of the GEOSEA. It's a word that means "geol." Soc.The Carboniferous of East Thailand contains new information from microfossils. In 1998 the Proceedings of the GEOSEA. It's a word that means "geol." Soc. In Malaysia, Bull., 43: 465 to 465. In 1998 the proceedings of the GEOSEA. Soc.There is a widespread occurrence of Triassic Limestones. Nat. Hist. Bull. The Siam Society is in Bangkok. The NHBSS_048_1h_FontaineOccurrWidespread.pdf can be found at www.siamese-heritage.org. Nat.Hist. Bull. The Siam Society is in Thailand. 2005 - (and S. Salayapongse, V. Suteenthorn) Nat. Hist. Bull.The Siam Society was published in 53(1). The Carboniferous Corals of Pang Map was published in 2007. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Society, 53(1): 199-221, 13 fig. 2012 - (and S. Kavinate, T. T. Hoang, and D. Vachard)Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Society, 58: 39-47, 6 figs. There are external links to the Asian Perspectives Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia Geological Survey of Malaysia Missions.

masks:
Henri Fontaine
Fontaine
Father Fontaine
Fontaine
Henri Fontaine


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> was an early colonist in North America. The colony of Merrymount was founded by a lawyer, writer, and social reformer who was known for studying Native American culture. <mask> was a member of the landed gentry when he was born in 1579. It was seen as the "dark corner of the land" by Protestant reformers because of its intransigence, which included not only a High Church Anglicanism that shared many traits with Catholicism, but a paternalistic populism combined with rural folk tradition that to the Puritans. "Old England" was a culture firmly ingrained in the locals. The late 1590s was when <mask> studied law at London's Clifford's Inn. He was exposed to the "libertine culture" of the Inns of Court, where bawdy revels included Gesta Grayorum performances associated with Francis Bacon and Shakespeare.<mask> was a supporter of common Law against the legal powers of the Crown and Star Chamber. The early years of the 17th century saw <mask> travelling between London and the Devonshire countryside as a legal champion of displaced countrymen, who were pushed to the Bristol sea-trades. He joined the service of Ferdinando Gorges, the governor of the English port of Plymouth. Gorges, an associate of Sir Walter Raleigh, was heavily involved in the "permissive" economy of the seas, and with many interests in New England would become the founder of the colony of Maine. After failing to marry in 1618 due to the influence of a Puritan stepson, <mask> became one of Gorges's "landsmen" to oversee his interests in the colonies. He wouldn't like the experience of the Puritans. After taking a three-month exploratory trip to America in 1622, Mount Wollaston <mask> returned to England complaining of discrimination in the Puritan community.He returned as a senior partner in a Crown-sponsored trading venture, aboard the ship the Unity, with his associate Captain Wollaston and 30 indentured young men. They settled and began trading for furs on a spit of land given by native Algonquian tribes, whose culture <mask> saw as more "civilized and humanitarian" than that of his European neighbours. He faced off with a Puritan militia that wanted to quash his pagan festivals and ended up in exile. Although almost everyone was doing it, the Pilgrims objected to the sale of guns and liquor to the natives in exchange for furs and provisions, which was technically illegal at the time. The weapons acquired by the Algonquians were used to defend themselves against raids from the northern Amerindian tribes. The trading post set up by the two men expanded into a colony that is now Quincy, Massachusetts. <mask> discovered that Wollaston had been selling indentured servants into slavery on the Virginian tobacco plantations.To prevent Wollaston's slaving, <mask> encouraged the remaining servants to rebel against his rule and form a free community. In 1626, <mask> assumed sole control of the colony, which was renamed Mount Ma-re after a play on "merry" and "the sea". Under <mask>'s "hostship", an almost utopian project was begun, in which the colonists were declared free men or "consociates" and a degree of integration into local Algonquian culture was attempted. <mask>'s long-term plan was to civilize the native population by converting them to his liberal form of Christianity and giving them free salt for food preservation so that they would give up hunting and settle permanently. The manual on "how not to colonize" was referred to by <mask> as a manual on the Puritan practices. The Puritans of nearby Plymouth Colony disliked <mask>'s religious beliefs because they thought he was going native. They claimed that there were immoral sexual liaisons with native women at Merrymount, as well as drunken orgies in honor of Bacchus and Aphrodite, and that <mask> had taken traditional West Country May Day customs.The annual May Day festival was not only a reward for the hard working colonists but also a chance for them to find brides among the natives. Merrymount was the fastest-growing colony in New England, rapidly becoming the most prosperous, as an agricultural producer, and as a fur trade colony, which led to Puritan ire. According to the Puritan account, the colony was a decadent nest of good-for-nothings that annually attracted "all the scum of the country" to the area. The Puritans Banishment was inspired by Venus and her lustful children. <mask> was arrested for "supplying guns to the Indians" after the militia took the town in June. He was marooned off the coast of New Hampshire until an English ship could take him home, as he was believed too well connected to be imprisoned or executed. He was left to starve on the island, but was supplied with food by friendly natives from the mainland, who were said to be amused by the events, and he eventually gained strength to escape to England.The Puritans renamed Mount Dagon after the Semitic sea god, and promised to make it a place of woe. During the winter of 1629, the residents of New Salem raided Mount Dagon's plentiful corn supplies and destroyed the Maypole, calling it the "Calf of Horeb". After finding most inhabitants had left the colony, <mask> was put on trial and exiled from the colonies. <mask> was sent back to England after the colony of Mount Dagon was burned to the ground. After a short time in an Essex jail, he was released and began to file a lawsuit against the Massachusetts Bay Company, the political power behind the Puritans. To the surprise of Protestant supporters of "Plymouther Separatists", <mask> won strong backing for his cause and was treated as a champion of liberty. Ferdinando Gorges helped him become the attorney of the Council of New England against the Massachusetts Bay Company.The real political force behind him was the hostility of King Charles I to the Puritans. The Company's charter was revoked in 1635 due to <mask>'s efforts. Major political rearrangements occurred in New England due to the rejection of the court decision, isolation, lack of supplies, and increased conflict between foreign and natives. Many left Massachusetts for the relative safety of Connecticut because of the state's reputation as a place of woe. <mask> became a political celebrity with the publication of his three-volume New English Canaan, based on notes of his legal campaign. <mask> denunciation of Puritan government in the colonies and their policy of land enclosure against the native population, who were described as a far nobler culture, and defined as a Canaan under attack from the "New Israel" of the Puritans, was found in three books. The Puritan customs and power structures that he critiqued went far beyond what most New England settlers could accept.It's likely the first book banned in the United States, because they banned it. He summed up his masterpiece with a call to "demartialise" the colonies and create a multicultural New Canaan along the lines of Merrymount, as well as describing the commercial worth of North America. The introduction of the triangular trade and the reorganisation of New England would result in very different things. King Charles I declared Gorges the new Governor of the Colonies, but he would never set foot in America. <mask>'s victory was cut short by the beginning of the English Civil War, which was triggered by reactions to Charles's absolutism. When Gorges' mentor failed to make the trip, <mask> returned alone as Gorges' agent in Maine. He was accused of being a Royalist "agitator" and put on trial for his role in revoking the colony's charter.He was in Boston by September. His trial was delayed so evidence could be sought. His petition for clemency was granted as his health began to fail. He was isolated from his supporters by the English Civil War and ended his days in the West Country planters of Maine. He died at the age of 71. The first edition of New English Canaan was destroyed by the English government in 1637, with a small number of copies remaining in the Netherlands. The first edited edition of <mask>'s book was published by The Prince Society in 1884 with a foreword written by Charles Francis Adams Jr.On 12 October 1812, John Adams wrote to <mask> about <mask>'s book, In O Brave New World: American Literature. <mask>'s The New English Canaan has been described as an important work of early American environmental writing, as well as the first book banned in America. Mark. Harrison T. Meserole describes <mask> as "America's first rascal". Ed Simon, an academic and writer focusing on seventeenth-century literature, argues that <mask> remains a powerful disruptive presence in the common founding myth of American identity. Nathaniel Hawthorne's story "The May-Pole of Merry Mount" is based on <mask>'s career in colonial America. The Metropolitan Opera in New York City hosted it in 1934.It was revived in 2014. There are several recordings of a suite from the opera. <mask> is a member of the "jury of the damned" summoned by the Devil in StephenVincent Benet's short story, The Devil and Daniel Webster. The colony of Merrymount is mentioned in Philip Roth's novel The Dying Animal. "Endecott and the Red Cross" was first published in a trilogy of one-act plays, The Old Glory. Hawthorn's story "The Maypole of Merry Mount" is one of the sources for the play. The fictional account of <mask> was written by L. S. Davidson Jr.Further reading <mask>, <mask>. The first booke set forth the originall of the natives, their manners and customes, together with their tractable nature and love towards the English, the second booke setting. It was printed at Amsterdam by Iacob Frederick Stam. The New English Canaan was written by <mask>. Boston: Prince Society. They were <mask>, <mask>, and Jack. The text and notes of New English Canaan.Digital scanning took place in Massachusetts in 1999. The Merrymount affair archive.org version of old aol.com site has external links. There is more <mask> at swarthmore.edu. Ned.edu has a fictional version of Hawthorne's novel. People of colonial Massachusetts 1647 deaths 1580s births Lawyers from Devon 16th-century English people 17th-century English people Kingdom of England emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony

masks:
Thomas Morton
Thomas Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Thomas Jefferson
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Thomas Morton
Morton
Thomas
Thomas Morton
Morton
Thomas
Morton


texts: She is an actress, musician, and former stuntwoman. She has appeared in over 150 movies and TV episodes. She was one of the prominent stuntwomen of the 1970s and 1980s. She is said to be the first stuntwoman to be cast in a significant role as an actress due to her performance as Curry in Hellhole. Her turn from stuntwoman to actress was noted in a 1988 Star magazine article. On August 16, 1955, <mask> was born in North Dakota. She is the daughter of two people.Her mother was a writer. Robert was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 When Marneen was 12 years old, her family moved from North Dakota to southern California, where her father worked at the Santa Monica Airport. Bob Fields Aviation was opened at the Van Nuys Airport. The Bob Fields Aerocessories Company was founded by him. She lost her hearing in her left ear in 1972 when she opened the first Simi Valley Parks and Recreations program in gymnastics for children and adults of all ages. During her early career as a stunt woman, Fields continued to coach gymnastics.One of three women in the United States to receive a full ride athletic-academic scholarship in gymnastics, she graduated from Royal High School in California in 1973. <mask> was the only class one advanced gymnast at USU. She was ranked third in Utah and fifth in balance beam in intercollegiate competition. She majored in health education and theater arts. Her college gymnastics career was cut short due to a serious injury to her ankle caused by a fall off the balance beam. The ankle injury resulted in a complete ankle reconstruction surgery in 1976, where a calf's tendon was inserted into her ankle. She recuperated from the ankle operation in Ventura, California.During the summer of 1976, she was home from college in Ventura, California, recovering from her ankle reconstruction surgery, when she was discovered by stuntman Paul Stader. At his stunt school, Marneen trained to be a stuntwoman. She played one of the schoolmates in The Spell. She was a stunt performer on The Man from Atlantis. <mask> appeared in movies and TV shows for fifteen years. <mask> has appeared in a number of films and TV shows, and she did stunts for a number of them. <mask> was cast in more stunt roles by directors such as Stanley Kramer The Runner Stumbles, Peter Medak Otherworld, and James Fargo Scarecrow and Mrs. King.She was the first woman from the pure stunt arena to land the role of the religious insanity victim in the movie Hellhole. <mask> won the G.O.D. for singing REM's "Everybody Hurts". A charity film about poverty to help fund education situations for children in Indonesia was produced by Roydon Johnson. <mask> was nominated for Best Female Vocalist of the Year at the LA Music Awards. Ben Hammer arranged and produced the instrumental track. <mask> "Kathryn Davis: Take 2" won the Best of Las Vegas at the Las Vegas Fame Awards and the Best of Hollywood at the Hollywood Fame Awards. The song is the title track to a TV sitcom she created and stars in with the same name.The LA Comedy Awards gave a Producers Choice Honor to the pilot episode of the sitcom. Marneen was a co-lyricist on the song. "I'm Gonna Be a Hollywood Stuntman" was written by <mask> and won an award at the LA Comedy Awards. The music video for "I'm Gonna Be a Hollywood Stuntman" was nominated for a Best Children's/Young Adult Film award. "I'm Gonna Be a Hollywood Stuntman" with Christian Etter Johnson on lead vocals and Marneen on female vocals hit the number one spot on the Soundclick Music Internet Charts twice in the Country-Pop and Country categories beating out 50,000 other songs. Tom Weir of Studio City Sound produced the song. The song "I'll Never Kiss His Lips Again" was produced by Steve Valenzuela and was written by Marneen about a poet who commits suicide.<mask> was nominated for a Best Pop Single of the Year at the Atlas Elite Music Entertainment Awards for her song "Standing Ovation! You're the star! The song was produced by Steve Valenzuela. The Illusive Craft of acting: An actor's preparation process was written by <mask>. Cartwheels & Halos: The True Marneen Lynne <mask> Story and Rollin' with the Punches: An Examination of the Stunt and acting careers of <mask> <mask> will be published in 2019. In March of 2016 <mask> married John P. Harrison. They separated in April 2020.Everybody Hurts Shadows Release My Love I've Never Ever Stopped Loving You, Love At First Sight Special Man, and We Can Take Some of the Hurt Away are some of the songs included in the partial filmography.

masks:
Marneen Fields
Fields
Fields
Fields
Fields
Fields
Fields
Fields
Fields
Marneen
Fields
Fields
Marneen
Fields
Fields


texts: The American professional skateboarder was the overall champion at the competition series from 2010 to 2019. He is the highest paid skateboarder in the world. <mask> has won more prize money than any other skateboarder. He was born in Davis, California. His siblings are three brothers and one sister. The children were raised in a strict lifestyle. They were taught at home by their mother.When Nyjah was five years old, his father made him start skating because he was a skateboarder. He said that his father wanted him to skate every day. In 2004, his parents bought an indoor skate park for him to practice at. His father moved to Puerto Rico with his family. The distance between Puerto Rico and California made it difficult for <mask>'s board sponsor, Element Skateboards, to take part in demos. While in Puerto Rico his parents separated and his mother moved back to California with his siblings, he had to stay with his father as he was his manager and videographer. Kelle <mask> took her husband to court to get a divorce after she didn't see her son for a year.After the judge granted Kelle full custody, <mask> moved back to live with his mother and siblings. When he signed a sponsorship deal with Element Skateboards, he caught the attention of the public. He competed in high-profile contests, such as the Dew tour and the Vans Downtown Showdown, during his time with the company. In 2009, after he parted ways with Element, <mask> launched his own skateboard deck company, I&I. I&I was a short-lived company that operated for two years with a team that included Richard Jefferson and Anthony Williams. During the time of the company's existence, a number of magazine advertisements were published and an online promotional video that featured the three team members was released. The pan-African colors of red, yellow, and green were incorporated into the I&I logo.The Rise & Shine video was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 An unusual occurrence for a professional skateboarder with the degree of exposure that <mask> had attracted, the skateboarder joined the DC Shoes company as a team rider after a period of time without a shoe sponsor. In response to the DC Shoes announcement, <mask> said that it was a culmination of things over the past year. DC has always been my top choice for a shoe sponsor, but it took 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 DC team riders expressed their opinions in online promotional material produced by the shoe company after Huston's decision to skateboard for DC Shoes. Josh Kalis stated in the introductory video for Huston, "And then there's this other dude out there, literally buying shoes from a skate shop." He could get shoes from anyone he wanted, but he was buying DCs.In the same video, Capaldi stated that he believed that <mask> was the best skateboarder he had ever seen. At the X Games Street League contest in Barcelona, Spain in May, Transworld SKATEboarding magazine announced that no other skateboarder had won a greater amount of prize money. The DC Shoes Co. held a launch event for the first signature model skate shoe of <mask>'s career at the Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles, California, U.S., with Pete Rock in the role of DJ. The model is named the "Nyjah Huston Signature Shoe" and the promotional advertisement features <mask> executing a trick at set of stairs at Hollywood High School in Los Angeles, U.S. An article on the Street League website stated that <mask> would be able to compete in the next contest round in Portland, Oregon, despite the fact that hebruised and scratched the right side of his torso in a skateboarding accident. He questioned the appropriateness of female skateboarders in a statement to the magazine. He apologized for his comments.The competition will be held in South Africa from September 28 to 29. The diamond cup has a cash prize of one million rand. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics will be the first time that skateboarding will be a part of the Olympics. He qualified for the final out of his heat, but did not medal. He posted excellent scores in both of his runs, and landed his first of five best trick attempts, but he fell four times in a row after that to finish seventh, missing out on a medal. Nike, Diamond Supply Co., Ricta Wheels, Monster Energy, SocialCBD, Mountain Dew, flatbread Neapolitan pizzeria, Urban Plates and Adapt Technology are some of the sponsors. The social media post stated that he was no longer with the company.The "Kentucky Unbridled Spirit Award for Action Sports" was won by <mask>. At the annual Transworld skate awards, the headline "Nyjah <mask> cleans up at annual Transworld skate awards" was given by the Yahoo!. There is a sports website. "Best Video Part", "New Era Readers' Choice", and "Best Street" were all won by <mask>. The "Skater Of The Year" (SOTY) award has not been won by <mask> since 2020. In the video games Tony Hawk's Project 8, Tony Hawk's Proving Ground, Tony Hawk: Ride, Tony Hawk's Pro Skater HD, and Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 5, <mask> is a featured character. Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 1+2 is a remake of Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 1 and Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 games that was released in September 2020.In July 2020 he collaborated with Play'n GO to develop his own branded game. It is one of the first skateboarding themed games to be released. The charity organization "Let It Flow" was founded in 2008 with the aim of providing clean, safe, and accessible water to communities in need. The organization builds clean-water wells, fixes wells that are inoperable, and builds Sanitation Stations for people in urgent need of clean water after the pair's personal experiences in Puerto Rico. The first Sanitation station in Ethiopia was built by Let It Flow. Following his return to Element, <mask> revealed that his father's controlling behavior had led to estrangement, and that his father wouldn't return video footage of his skateboarding. He cut off his dreadlocks and now listens to hip hop as his favorite musical style.In December of last year, <mask> resided in a home in California. Volcom Damn Am: Best Small Rail was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780

masks:
Huston
Huston
Huston
Nyjah
Huston
Huston
Huston
Huston
Huston
Huston
Huston
Awards Huston
Huston
Huston
Huston
Huston
Huston
Huston


texts: <mask><mask> is an American academic. She is a professor at the Harvard Law School and co-director of the Program on the Study of Capitalism at Harvard University. <mask> founded and is the managing director of a website that analyzes money as a legal institution. She is a member of the advisory boards for Capitalism and History and The Journal of Law and Political Economy. <mask> gave the <mask> lecture at the University of Glasgow. <mask> graduated from the university with a degree in religion. She received her Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy from Yale Law School in 1987.She worked in the U.S. Office of the Solicitor General. She clerked for a Supreme Court justice. <mask>'s work focuses on monetary history and theory. In her book, Making Money: coin, currency, and the Coming of Capitalism, she argued that a change in money's design occurred when the British government began to share money-making authority with investors incorporated as a national bank. The monetary transformation would soon include a powerful financial architecture. Public debt, capital markets, and commercial banking were developed by the British over the course of the 18th century. As the Bank of England grew into a central bank, those institutions collaborated with it.The modern capitalism that went viral across the globe is central to and characteristic of that quartet of institutions. According to <mask>, the revolution in monetary design included conceptual or ideological shifts that have come to be identified with classical and modern liberalism. The revision of older attitudes towards self-interest and usury is a prime example of such change. The Bank of England was incorporated by the British government because of its orientation towards material self-interest. The motive to profit from making money was rejected by the medieval world. The government encouraged people to lend to it through public bonds. <mask> pioneered a "constitutional approach" to money and finance.Money and finance are fields of governance according to that approach. <mask> argues that modern moneys are anchored at the center by authority and that creating a medium allows a government to measure resources and mobilize them. <mask> observes that political authorities have the ability to create a unit of account that will be widely accepted. As a "stakeholder" within the community, a government can pay a member in a credit unit for advance contributions. If the government agrees to accept the credit unit back in lieu of future contributions, that unit will hold value. When a unit holds predictable value, demand for it in private exchange also increases, accounting for the premium that money offers in cash services. Money is the original "safe asset" according to the public definition.Government authority characterizes modern payments systems even if a government gives enormous authority to private entities. Private banking activity is similar to minting on demand in commodity money worlds. Private and public actors can use a medium that measures value and provides a mode of payment. The government can ensure elasticity in the money supply by giving money creation to commercial banks. Many convention about money assume that it came from barter or private exchange among individuals. <mask>'s recent work argues that the theories can't explain how a commensurable unit works. Desan believes that neoclassical economics reifies the market as a sphere with a self-evident structure by naturalizing existing arrangements.Her work claims that the design features of modern monetary systems contribute to increasing inequality. The monetary practice in early America was the focus of <mask>'s earlier work. Legislative practices in early America were analyzed by <mask> before she began working on money. She came up with the term "legislative adjudication" to refer to the authority that the legislature has to respond to claims for money. Those claims were usually made by petition. <mask> served for 10 years on a town committee that researched and drafted legislation promoting campaign finance reform and supervised that reform once it was enacted. 509 law professors signed an Open Letter to the U.S. Congress Concerning Human Rights Abuses at Abu Ghraib, co-authored by <mask> and Elizabeth Bartholet.The faculty of Harvard Law School objected to the "Sexual Harassment Policy and Procedures" imposed by the central university administration as insufficient to project the values associated with due process. The open letter addressed to the U.S. Senate was co-signed by <mask>. 81 Harvard Law School colleagues signed a letter condemning President Trump for inciting violence. <mask> co-authored a second letter condemning President Trump for his pledge to use excessive force against Black Lives Matter protesters. 165 Harvard Law School colleagues signed the letter. <mask> is a member of the Steering Committee of the Massachusetts Public Banking Group. Works References External links Living people Harvard Law School faculty American women academics Women legal scholars History of currency Year of birth missing 21st-century American women

masks:
Christine A
. Desan
Christine Desan
Desan
Adam Smith
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan
Desan


texts: <mask> is an American artist living and working in France. He worked for several pioneers in the television and film industry, including as Technical Director for the inventor of interactive television shopping, the Home Shopping Network, and as Operations Director for the inventor of the colorization process for black-and-white films, Color Systems Technology. He was the managing director of the Luxembourg-based studio, Luxanima, which won an International Emmy in 1994 for the first computer-generated TV series. He created his own studio in the east of France called Talkie Walkie, specializing in 2D animation, after setting up an animation studio called Image Effects. He was instrumental in the financing and/or the making of five animated features there in 2002– 2004, including a double-Oscar nominated The Dog, the General and the Birds. Jester Till was produced by Eberhard Junkersdorf and Blackmor's Treasure. TEVA and Mistral Films won the grand prize at ImagINA in 2002 for an experimental short film, The Tale of the Floating World, which was entirely responsible for the fabrication of The Lord of the Rings.The Triplets of Belleville, The Dog, the General and the Pigeons, and Blackmor's Treasure were part of an eight-film retrospective of contemporary French animation at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Mr. <mask> has written a number of animated television shows and feature films that have been adapted into English. He has written 55 original episodes of television animated series, including Pulcinella-winning and International Emmy-nominated series. Taking Down Taffy! Cybergroup, Pat the Dog, Angry Birds, The Popples, Babar and the Adventures of Badou, etc. In 2005, he developed a series of high-definition television documentaries on communication with animals, Talk to Me, and two one-hour specials about the reconstruction of the ship the Marquis de Lafayette sailed to America on during the American Revolutionary War for Woods. The Academy Award for Best Documentary feature March of the Penguins was adapted into English by him.Mr. <mask> was responsible for the development and production of math and social studies shorts for Discovery Education's website. He was responsible for the development of short form programming for Discovery networks and new media platforms. Since leaving Discovery, Mr. <mask> has devoted his time to the development of a new audiovisual industry he has invented, "Re:Naissance", a revolutionary new concept in animation, conceived as a means of transforming aging catalog and archives into salable, low-cost, high For the first time in the history of animation, Re:Naissance is going to take existing live-action films and faithfully reproduce them in animation, in a totally original graphic style unique to every film. This has never been done. Night of the Living Dead is the first Re:Naissance film. He had his first one-man show of drawings/collages in Paris in the spring of 2010 at the Etains du Campanile."What is the Use of a Book" is a work of his that was included in "The Graphic Canon: The Definitive anthology of the World's great literature as comics and visuals." One of his works was included in a special traveling exhibition of "Guard Dog: Global Jam", a shot-by-shot remake of Bill Plympton's Oscar-nominated short Guard Dog, where each sequence was assigned to a willing volunteer. The same people who spearheaded the mass collaboration project "Night of the Living Dead: Reanimated" created the sequence of the still. The award for Best Experimental Animation was won by "Guard Dog: Global Jam". Mr. Panzner created a magazine called New Art and Culture in 2011. The first Hip Hop collection in its holdings was bought by the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. An article about Panzner's friendship with Jean-Michel Basquiat and Matt Dike was written by Peter Relic.He recently completed his first solo illustration project, a mash-up of French illustrator Gustave Doré's collected works for Friedrich Nietzsche's masterpiece Thus Spake Zarathustra. The approximately 90 chapters of the work correspond to the approximately 103 illustrations ink drawings that were done to resemble engravings. Robert Guffey wrote an article called "Donald Trump's Operation Mindfuck" in Evergreen Review. The Jack Kerouac Estate approved a series of fifty-five watercolor and ink illustrations of Jack Kerouac's Beat Generation classic, "The Illustrated On the Road", which is on permanent loan to their website. Fifty years after Kerouac's passing, the series began on his birthday. There are references to American film producers.

masks:
Christopher Panzner
Panzner
Panzner
Panzner


texts: <mask><mask> is an American scholar of Ancient Roman history. <mask> grew up in Southern California and attended North Hollywood High School. He studied journalism and history at the University of Southern California after discussing the possibility of a career as a comedian with Jerry Lewis. He was elected to the honor society at USC. After impressing Professor <mask> with his performance in Roman history classes, <mask> decided to pursue a career in journalism and worked as a reporter for United Press International. He received a master's degree in history from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1966 for his thesis, "The Great Vaccination Campaign: How Public Opinion was used in Early Modern Britain". He shifted his focus to ancient history and wrote a thesis entitled "Semper victor eris: Evidence for the Policy and Belief of Constantine I contained in Eusebius' Tricennial oration", directed by Professor Charles Farwell Edson, Jr.<mask> joined Frank J. at the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1970 after working at the American Academy in Rome. He worked his way from temporary lecturer to full professor. <mask> was noted for his teaching and mentoring skills at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The UCSB Associated Students Outstanding Teacher Award was given to him twice. The Harold J. Plous Award was given to <mask> by the Faculty Executive Committee of the College of Letters and Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The Alumni Association of the University of California, Santa Barbara gave <mask> a teaching award in 1996. The Academic Senate of the University of California, Santa Barbara gave him an outstanding graduate mentorship award.<mask> was the History Department Chair at the University of California, Santa Barbara from 1987 to 1990. <mask> focuses on Constantine and Church-State Relations in the fourth centuryCE in the study of the later Roman Empire. He was a member of the faculty for Historical Studies at the Institute of Advanced Study. He received a fellowship from the Annenberg Research Institute in 1991 to support his research on Intolerance in the Roman Empire. <mask>'s first book, In Praise of Constantine: A Historical Study and New Translation of Eusebius' Tricennial Orations, was a revision of his PhD and examined speeches of Eusebius of Caesarea as a source for Constantine. He produced important articles such as "Eusebius on the True Cross" after working on a collaborative volume on a Coptic source. Constantine and the Bishops: The Politics of Intolerance was published in 2000.The City in the Classical and Post-Classical World: Changing Contexts of Power and Identity was co-edited with Cambridge University Press. A Century of Miracles: Christians, Pagans, Jews, and the Supernatural was published by Oxford University Press. The University of California, Santa Barbara awarded him the status of research professor after he retired. The <mask> and Kathleen Drake Fund was established at the UCSB History Department. The <mask> Honor Key award was created by the University of California, Santa Barbara's chapter of the society. The Rhetoric of Power in Late Antiquity: Religion and Politics in Byzantium, Europe and the Early Islamic World was co-edited by some of his former students. Tauris.A paperback version of the Festschrift was published in 2020. The University of California Press published In Praise of Constantine: A Historical Study and New Translation of Eusebius' Tricennial Orations. H. A<mask> wrote Eudoxia and the Holy Sepulchre: A Constantinian Legend in Coptic. The Politics of Intolerance is a book written by H. A<mask>. Laws, Gods, and Heroes: Thematic Readings in Early Western History was edited by H. A<mask>. H. A<mask> is an editor. There was violence in late antiquity.The City in the Classical and Post-Classical World: Changing Contexts of Power and Identity was written by H. A<mask>. H. A<mask> wrote A Century of Miracles: Christians, Pagans, Jews, and the Supernatural. The University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni are American classical scholars.

masks:
Harold A
. Drake
Drake
Thomas Africa
Drake
Drake
Drake
Drake
Drake
Drake
Drake
Drake
Harold
Hal Drake
. Drake
. Drake
. Drake
. Drake
. Drake
. Drake


texts: <mask> was a Canadian Army officer and a British politician. The PrincessPatricia's Canadian Light Infantry was raised at his own expense. Hatch Court used to have a small museum about <mask>'s military career. He was a Conservative Member of Parliament from 1924 to 1935. Returning to Quebec after World War II, <mask> vigilantly defended his estate of Mont Saint-Hilaire from being expropriated by mining interests and bequeathed it to McGill University to help ensure its preservation. <mask>, the only son of a native of Strabane, was born in England, and his wife Louise Sarah Harman was the daughter of Henry. His middle name was for his paternal grandmother's family, the <mask>s of Fintra House.The Hon is one of his uncles. When <mask> <mask>'s father died in 1915, he, his mother and sister each received over one million dollars. After graduating from Bishop's College School, <mask> went to McGill University to get ready for Oxford University. He was commissioned into the 2nd Royal Canadian Dragoons for service in the Boer Wars. He received the Queen's medal and three clasps after serving in South Africa. He returned to Montreal as a Captain with the 5th Black Watch after being unsuccessful in his attempt to join the British cavalry. At Montreal, <mask> worked in business.He was a member of the council for the Montreal Board of Trade in the early 20th century. <mask> was a director of several companies in his family, including Gault Brothers and Company, Montreal Cotton Company, Van Allen Company, Trent Valley Woolen Company, and Crescent Manufacturing Company. Although successful, <mask> preferred physical adventure and the military life. He flew his biplane over Europe, northern Africa and the Middle East, as well as shooting mountain goats in the Rockies, and went canoeing and fishing in northern Quebec. On the eve of the First World War, <mask> offered the Canadian government $100,000 to help raise and equip an infantry battalion. The military secretary to Canada's Governor-General, the Duke of Connaught, supported <mask>'s idea. They decided to recruit men who had already seen military action, but who were not attached to any militia units, in order to speed up the departure for Europe.The Governor-General's daughter was known for her appreciation of Canada's wilderness. During their visits to Montreal and Rideau Hall, the <mask>s entertained the Connaughts. Colonel Farquhar asked the Duke of Connaught for permission to name the unit after his daughter. The Princess was said to be delighted by the request. The Canadian Light Infantry came into being through a charter embodied in a report of the Committee of the Privy Council of Canada. The Colonel-in-Chief was designed and made by hand. Captain <mask> was promoted to Major and appointed second-in-Command.He was wounded on February 28, 1915. After Buller was wounded in the Second Battle of Ypres, <mask> rejoined the battalion. He was wounded in the morning but kept going until a second serious injury forced him to give up command. He brought with him reinforcements from the University Companies. During the Battle of Mont Sorrel, he lost a leg and was wounded for a third time. Despite the loss of his left leg, <mask> refused to return to Canada and returned to France as an aide-de-camp to Major General Victor Williams, the General Officer Commanding 3rd Canadian Division. <mask> commanded the 3rd Canadian Division Reinforcement Camp with the local rank of lieutenant colonel.He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of his own battalion on March 28, 1918. He rejoined his unit on November 21, 1918. He was awarded the Russian Order of St. Anne and four times Mentioned in Despatches. At the end of August 1914, after ten days of recruiting, the PrincessPatricia's Canadian Light Infantry was a battalion of 1,098 strong, and only fifty of them had not fought in the war. The first Canadian soldiers arrived in France. The first commanding officer, Lieutenant-Col. Francis Farquhar, was killed in their first action. <mask> lost his left leg when he was wounded several times.By the end of the day on the 7th of May, the regiment had just 150 men. One of the two officers who survived World War I was <mask>, and the other was a lieutenant-Colonel named Agar Adamson. <mask> lost a friend and fellow officer at the Battle of Passchendaele. <mask> divorced his first wife in 1918. After retiring from the army in 1920, he moved to England and bought Hatch Court from the aunt of his second wife, who he quietly married in 1922. When he ran for the Unionist Party (Conservative) in 1923, he had a good military record. He lost to the Liberal candidate by a small margin.He was elected as the Member of Parliament for Taunton at the 1924 general election after returning the following year. He retired from the House of Commons at the 1935 general election after holding the seat for two more elections. He was rewarded for his fair service to all classes by the unanimous resolution of the Taunton Town Council in 1932. A number of progressive political and social movements were supported by Colonel and Mrs. <mask>. He served with the Canadian Army in England during the Second World War. He commanded the Canadian Army Reinforcement Holding Unit until ill health forced him to retire in 1942. In 1944, he returned to Canada and Mont Saint-Hilaire.The PrincessPatricia's Canadian Light Infantry Association was founded by <mask> in 1947. He gave advice on matters that were frequently referred to him. He was appointed a lieutenant-colonel in 1948 and went to Canada in 1953 and Germany in 1954. Shortly before his death, he was appointed the first colonel. He returned to Quebec at the end of the war. He showed a keen interest in it until his death. Private life <mask> had a biplane.He and his second wife were both enthusiastic pilots. <mask> introduced the daughter of his fiancée to flying when he and his wife took her to Lausanne. The three narrowly escaped arrest on their return to Le Bourget airport after flying over Paris with disregard for aviation rules. In 1933, as part of a party that included Arthur Borton V.C. They flew to Germany for a holiday and were met by Hitler and Gring. He was involved in local politics and served on various committees. He used to give a cup for the "best fat beast" at the Christmas show.<mask>'s hunting trophies were kept in the Orangery at Hatch Court. Hatch Court has a museum about <mask>'s military career. After the Second World War, <mask> returned to the Mont Saint-Hilaire estate he had purchased in 1913 from Colin M. Campbell, of Manoir Rouville. The property was protected from being taken over by mining interests. He bequeathed it to the university to ensure its preservation. After a brief romance, he married one of the heiresses to the Golden Square Mile in Montreal. The second wife of George Washington was Elizabeth McIntosh.<mask> divorced his first wife because he suspected that she was having an affair with a young officer from his army. Many who knew Marguerite agreed that it was a harmless flirtation. The only recourse for Quebec residents in <mask>'s divorce proceedings was the Senate of Canada. The divorce was settled in the French courts. She was briefly married to Falchi. The fiancée of one of <mask>'s cousins, Mrs Kathleen Blackader, died in 1920 when the car <mask> was driving skidded and overturned. He was unable to free her.Margaret Blackader became his ward. In 1922, he married a woman named Dorothy Shuckburgh. She was the granddaughter of R.H. Shuckburgh J.P., who lived at Bourton Hall. She died at Hatch Court. The death and burial of <mask> took place at Mont Saint-Hilaire on November 28, 1958. He was buried in England at his former home, Hatch Court, after a military funeral in Montreal. A bronze memorial plaque was placed in the floor of the south aisle of the church by his widow.A brigadier A<mask> <mask> lives in Hatch Court and Mount St. Hilaire, Canada. The Canadian Light Infantry was founded by the founder. The man of the town of Taunton. There is a list of Bishop's College School alumni who died in the Second Boer War, as well as a list of Canadian military personnel who died in World War I.

masks:
Andrew Hamilton Gault
Gault
Gault
Andrew Frederick Gault
Hamilton
Matthew Hamilton
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
. Hamilton
Gault


texts: <mask> was an Albanian communist politician. He was the first Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania. He was a member of the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania, chairman of the Democratic Front of Albania, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces from 1944 until his death in 1985. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954 and at various times was both foreign minister and defence minister of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania. <mask> was born in Gjirokastr in 1908 and became a teacher in 1936. He joined the Party of Labour of Albania in 1941 after the Italian invasion of Albania. He was elected First Secretary at the age of 34.Less than two years after the country's liberation, the monarchy of King Zog was abolished and <mask> became Albania's symbolic head of state. He rebuilt the country, which was left in ruins after World War II, building the first railway line, raising the adult literacy rate, and leading Albania towards agricultural independence. All of Albania's religious facilities were closed or converted to secular use. Thousands of perceived dissidents were executed and tens of thousands were imprisoned in forced labour camps under his regime. <mask>'s government was characterized by its adherence to anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism. Stalinism began in the mid/late-1970s. Many Maoist parties around the world declared themselves Hoxhaist after his break with Maoism.The best-known association of these parties is the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organisations. The son of Halil <mask>, a Muslim Tosk cloth merchant who traveled widely across Europe and the US, was born in southern Albania. His name is <mask> and it's the most common one in Albania. When used in the Albanian language, it means a Muslim priest, because some of his paternal ancestors were members of the Muslim clergy. His father named him after an Ottoman military officer who was a member of the Young Turks. The Bektashi Order attached the <mask> family to them. He was brought to Baba Selim by his father in 1916.He followed his studies in the senior high school. He began his studies at the Gjirokastr Lyceum in 1923. <mask> was awarded a state scholarship for the continuation of his studies in Kor after the lyceum was closed. <mask> lost an Albanian state scholarship for neglecting his studies when he went to study at the University of Montpellier in France in 1930. He went to Paris and presented himself as the brother-in-law of a woman. He was employed as a secretary at the Albanian consulate from 1935 to 1936. He was a contract teacher in the Gymnasium of Tirana.French and morals were taught by <mask> in the Kora Liceum from 1937 to 1939. Albania was invaded by Fascist Italy in 1939. The Albanian Kingdom was established by the Italians. He returned to Tirana at the end of 1939 after being transferred to the Gjirokastra Gymnasium. Esat Dishnica introduced <mask> to his cousin Ibrahim Biakiu. Hoxha was sleeping in Biakiu's tobacco factory "Flora" when Dishnica opened a shop with the same name. He was a sympathizer of Kora.The Party of Labour of Albania was founded in 1948 after the Communist Party of Albania was founded in 1941. <mask> was chosen from the "Kora group" as a Muslim representative by the two Yugoslav envoys as one of the seven members of the Central Committee. The main report of the First Consultative Meeting of Activists of the Communist Party of Albania was delivered by Hoxha on 8 April 1942. <mask> wrote "Call to the Albanian Peasantry" in 1942 in the name of the Communist Party of Albania. Albania was sought to support the war against fascists. The peasants were told to keep their grain and not pay taxes or livestock levies. The purpose of the National Liberation Movement was to unite the anti-fascist Albanians regardless of ideology or class.The first National Conference of the Communist Party elected <mask> as First Secretary. The Soviet Union's role in Albania during WWII was insignificant. The Albanian National Liberation Army was formed on July 10, 1943, in regular units of companies, battalions and brigades. The organization was supported by the British intelligence service. Spiro Moisiu was the commander of the General Headquarters. Communication between the Yugoslav partisans and the Albanians was limited and letters often arrived late, even after a plan had been agreed upon by the National Liberation Army. During the war, repeated attempts were made to remedy the communications difficulties faced by partisan groups.The Communist Party of Albania and the anti-communist Balli Kombtar held a secret meeting in August 1943. The agreement was made to fight against the fascist invader. The two parties should stop attacking each other. Military actions in Albania should be coordinated by a joint operational staff. The national liberations council are the state power in Albania. The goal for the post-war era is an independent, democratic Albania where the people themselves will decide the form of government. The question of Kosovo and amria is connected to the Atlantic Charter and the London and Washington Treaties.The people of Kosovo and Camria will make their own decisions about their future. In a common military effort against fascist invaders, unite with any political group. The Communist Party of Albania will not work with any group of the National Front that is still in contact with fascist invaders. The Communist Party of Albania will unite with any group that used to have contacts with the fascist invaders, but has now terminated those contacts and is willing to now fight against the fascist invaders, provided those groups have not committed any crimes against the people. The Greater Albania sections that included Kosovo and Chamria were made part of the Agreement to encourage the Balli Kombtar to sign. When the Yugoslav Communists disagreed with the goal of a Greater Albania, they asked the Communists in Albania to withdraw their agreement. According to Hoxha, the Serbian opposition made the transfer an "unwise option" because they did not agree that "Kosovo was Albanian".The Balli Kombtar was accused of siding with the Italians after the Albanian Communists repudiated the Greater Albania agreement. The people did not support the Balli Kombtar. The image of those fighting the Fascists was damaged by the Balli Kombtar siding with Nazi Germany. Many people who were dissatisfied with the Balli Kombtar became members of the Communists. The Permet National Congress called for a new democratic Albania. Zog I of Albania was barred from returning to the country, which increased the Communists' control. <mask> chaired the Anti-Fascist Committee for National Liberation.The Committee became the Democratic Government of Albania after a meeting in Berat and <mask> was chosen as interim Prime Minister. Koi Xoxe presided over the tribunals that were set up to try alleged war criminals. After liberation, several Albanian partisan divisions crossed the border into German-occupied Yugoslavia, where they fought alongside the Soviet Red Army in a joint campaign to drive out the last pockets of German resistance. During a Yugoslavian conference in later years, Marshal Tito thanked <mask> for the assistance Albanian partisans gave during the War for National Liberation. The first post-war election was held on December 2, 1945, when the Democratic Front succeeded the National Liberation Front. The government reported that 98% of Albanians voted for the Front in the elections. Albania was proclaimed the People's Republic of Albania on 11 January 1946, after Zog was deposed.<mask> was the most powerful man in the country as the First Secretary of the party. In the former People's Socialist Republic of Albania, the national day was 29 November, the day the country was liberated from the Italians, while Albanians celebrate their independence day on 28 November. Both days are national holidays. <mask> admired Joseph Stalin and declared himself a Marxist–Leninist. Extrajudicial killings and executions were used by the government to consolidate power during the period of 1945–1950. August 1945 was when the Agrarian Reform Law was passed. It gave land without compensation to peasants.The law's passage resulted in a decline in the ownership of land by large owners. By 1950, illiteracy fell to 30% in rural areas, and by 1985 it was the same as in a Western country. The former King Zog and the mountain men of his personal guard were working with the US and British intelligence agencies. They recruited Albanian refugees from Egypt, Italy and Greece and trained them in Cyprus, Malta and the Federal Republic of Germany. Albanian security forces killed or captured guerilla units that entered Albania in 1950 and 1952. About 300 people were killed when Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent working as a liaison officer between MI6 and the CIA, leaked details of the plan to Moscow. After a bombing at the Soviet embassy in Tirana, 23 intellectuals were arrested and put in prison.Prime Minister Mehmet Shehu killed one of them, Jonuz Kaceli. The 22 others were executed under <mask>'s orders. They were found to be innocent. The State University of Tirana was the first of its kind in Albania. The blood feud was banned. Malaria was successfully fought through advances in health care, the use of DDT, and the draining of swampland. Albania had the greatest number of patients with the disease in Europe.There were no cases of the sexually transmitted disease for 30 years. There was only one hospital bed for every 1,000 people in 1938. While the number of physicians had not increased, there were four times as many hospital beds per head, and health expenditures had risen to 5% of the budget, up from 1% before the war. Relations with Yugoslavia began to change at this point. The change began at the Second Plenary Session of the Communist Party of Albania. Problems that the Albanian government would face were considered by the Session. The Yugoslav delegation accused the party of "sectarianism and opportunism" and blamed <mask> for the errors.He said that the Albanian partisan movement was led by the Yugoslav Communist partisans. The Albanian Communist Party's anti-Yugoslav members had begun to believe that this was a plot to undermine the Party. The people who supported Yugoslavia were looked upon with suspicion. Albania was too weak to stand on its own and that it would do better in Yugoslavia. The Treaty of friendship, co-operation and mutual aid was created by Tito to get Albania into Yugoslavia, according to Hoxha. Albania felt that the treaty was slanted towards Yugoslav interests like the Italian agreements with Albania under Zog that made the nation dependent upon Italy. The Albanian lek became revalued in terms of the Yugoslav dinar as a customs union was formed and Albania's economic plan was decided by Yugoslavia.The relationship between Albania and Yugoslavia was exploitative and constituted attempts by Yugoslavia to make the Albanian economy an "appendage" to the Yugoslav economy according to Albanian economists H. Banja and V. Toi. Stalin advised Hoxha that Yugoslavia was attempting to annex Albania, and that they did not know that. They tried to do this in a way that was very secretive. Their aim was to overturn the situation in Albania. <mask> was accused of taking an individualism and anti-Marxist line by the Central Committee of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia said that Albania couldn't enter into any agreements with other countries without their approval, after Albania made agreements with the Soviet Union to purchase agricultural machinery. Koi Xoxe thought that Albania would be more stable with one trading partner than with many.Xoxe was condemned by an anti-Yugoslav member of the Party. He committed suicide in November because he was afraid that Yugoslav domination of his nation would cause him to die. Xoxe was implicated in a plot to take over Hoxha's power at the Central Committee of the Party. He accused Hoxha of being responsible for the decline in relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. Hoxha's support didn't decline and he remained firm. Hoxha's support base grew stronger when Yugoslavia broke with the Soviet Union. On 1 July 1948, Tirana declared all treaties and agreements between the two countries null and void.On 13 June 1949, Xoxe was executed by hanging after being kicked out of the party. <mask> aligned himself with the Soviet Union after the break with Yugoslavia. $200 million in Soviet aid was given to Albania from 1948 to 1960. Albania was admitted to the Comecon on February 22, 1949, and served as a pro-Soviet force on the Adriatic. A Soviet submarine base on the Albanian island of Sazan poses a hypotethical threat to the U.S. Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean. The relationship with the Soviet Union was close until Stalin's death. It was followed by 14 days of national mourning in Albania.Hoxha asked the population of Tirana to take a 2,000-word oath of fidelity to their "beloved father" and "great liberator" in the capital's largest square. Aid was reduced and Albania was encouraged to adopt Khrushchev's policy of specialisation. Albania would develop its agricultural output in order to supply the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries while they would be developing products of their own, which would, in theory, strengthen the Warsaw Pact. Albanian industrial development, which was stressed heavily by <mask>, would be hampered by this. The expulsion of Yugoslavia from the Communist bloc was reversed by Khrushchev in the summer of 1955. Khrushchev began making references to Togliatti's theory. <mask> wasn't consulted on this and was offended.Yugoslavia wanted <mask> to rehabilitate the image of Koi Xoxe. At the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev denounced the cult of personality that had been built up around Joseph Stalin. The Stalinist Hoxha was angered by Khrushchev's theory of peaceful coexistence. According to the Institute of Marxist–Leninist Studies, the fundamental principle of the foreign policy of a socialist country and of a Communist party is proletarian internationalism. Hoxha took a more active stance against perceived revisionism. The Albanian Party of Labour had a special delegate meeting in Tirana in April of 1956, composed of 450 delegates and had unexpected results. The delegates criticized the conditions in the party, the negative attitude toward the masses, the absence of party and socialist democracy, and the economic policy of the leadership.The cult of personality and the Twentieth Party Congress should be discussed. <mask> called for a resolution to confirm the existing leadership of the Party. The delegates who spoke against the resolution were thrown out of the party and imprisoned. According to Hoxha, Yugoslavia tried to overthrow the leadership of Albania. This incident made Khrushchev-style reforms impossible because it increased <mask>'s power. <mask> traveled to the People's Republic of China in the same year as the Sino-Soviet split. In the next two years, Chinese aid to Albania went up a lot.In an effort to keep Albania in the Soviet sphere, increased Soviet aid was given but relations with the Soviet Union remained the same until 1960, when Khrushchev met Sofoklis Venizelos, a liberal Greek politician. Khrushchev sympathized with the idea of a Greek North Epirus and hoped to use Greek claims to keep the Albanian leadership in line. Communist heads of state are usually expected to attend the Third Congress of the Romanian Workers' Party, but Hoxha only sent a member of the Albanian Political Bureau. Relations with the Soviet Union deteriorated in the course of the meeting, according to Khrushchev. At a time when Albania needed grain, the Soviets reduced shipments due to a hardline policy. A plot to overthrow the Albanian government was discovered in July 1960. Rear Admiral Teme Sejko was trained in the Soviet Union.Liri Belishova and Koo Tashko were expelled from the Party. The Party's Central Committee sent a protest about the anti-Albanian Ambassador to Tirana. The last meeting that the Soviet Union or other Eastern European nations attended in Albania was the Fourth Congress of the Party. Mehmet Shehu stated during the congress that while many members of the Party were accused of tyranny, this was a baseless charge and unlike the Soviet Union, Albania was led by genuine Marxists. The Soviet Union threatened "dire consequences" if the condemnations were not withdrawn. The President of Czechoslovakia and Khrushchev threatened to cut off economic aid. Albania was not invited to the meeting of the Warsaw Pact nations in March and all Soviet technicians were withdrawn from Albania in April.Most of the Soviet troops were withdrawn in May. <mask> called Khrushchev a "revisionist, an anti-Marxist and a defeatist" in his speech. Stalin was portrayed as the last Communist leader of the Soviet Union by Hoxha. The Warsaw Pact nations broke diplomatic relations with Albania by 11 November. Albania was not included in the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union tried to take control of the submarine base. The Albanian Party passed a law prohibiting other nations from owning Albanian ports.The Soviet–Albanian split was over. As <mask>'s leadership continued, he took on an increasingly theoretical stance. His most notable criticisms were his condemnations of Maoism after 1978. The advancement of women's rights was a major achievement. Albania was one of the most patriarchal countries in Europe. The ancient Code of Lek states that a woman is made to endure as long as she lives in her husband's house. Women were not allowed to inherit anything from their parents, and discrimination was made in the case of the murder of a pregnant woman: Women were forbidden from obtaining a divorce, and the wife's parents were obliged to return a runaway daughter to her husband or else suffer shame.During World War II, the Albanian Communists encouraged women to join the partisans and after the war, women were encouraged to take up menial jobs as the education necessary for higher level work was out of most women's reach. 4% worked

masks:
Enver Halil Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
Hoxha
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Hoxha
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Hoxha


texts: in various sectors of the economy. The number went from 38% in 1970 to 46% in 1982. During the Cultural and Ideological Revolution, women were encouraged to take up all jobs, including government posts, which resulted in 40.7% of the People's Councils and 30.4% of the People's Assembly being made up of women. In 1978, females were more likely to attend eight-year schools than they were to attend secondary schools. 101.9 times more women attended higher schools in 1978 than in 1957. In 1967, <mask> said of women's rights, "The entire party and country should hurl into the fire and break the neck of anyone who dared trampled on the sacred edict of the party on the defense of women's rights."The nation was expected to have electricity by 1985. It became the first nation in the world to have complete electrification on 25 October 1970. The Maoist strategy known as people's war, which included the abolition of military ranks, was not fully restored until 1991, after the Cultural & Ideological Revolution of 1967. Mehmet Shehu said of the country's health service in 1979: Hoxha's legacy also included a complex of 173,371 one-man concrete bunkers across a country of 3 million inhabitants to act as look-out and gun emplacements along with chemical weapons. The purpose of the bunkers was to be easily placed by a crane or helicopter in a hole. Machine gun pillboxes, beach bunkers, underground naval facilities, and even Air Force Mountain are just some of the types of bunkers. The personality cult which was developed in the 1970s and was organised around him by the Party bore a striking resemblance to that of Stalin, and Hoxha's internal policies were true to Stalin's paradigm.At times it reached an intensity which was as extreme as the personality cult of Kim Il-sung, with <mask> being portrayed as a genius commenting on virtually all aspects of life from culture to economics to military matters. Each schoolbook had to have at least one quotation from him on the subjects being studied. He was given titles such as Supreme Comrade, Sole Force and Great Teacher by the Party. The Hoxhaist Salute is a military salute that involves soldiers curling their right fist and raising it to shoulder level. The Zogist salute was used by the Royal Albanian Army for many years. Hoxha encouraged a high birthrate policy. A woman who has an above-average number of children would be given the government award of Heroine Mother along with cash rewards.If the birth posed a danger to the mother's life, it was not completely banned, but the process was decided by the district medical commission. The population of Albania tripled from 1 million in 1944 to 3 million in 1985. In Albania's Third Five-year Plan, China promised a loan of $125 million to build twenty-five chemical, electrical and metallurgical plants. Albania's poor relations with its neighbours and the distance between the two nations made it difficult for the nation to do so. During <mask>'s leadership, China had less economic influence on Albania. 50% of the economy was under foreign commerce in the previous fifteen years. Albania was mostly self-sufficient by the time the 1976 Constitution was promulgated.Hoxha found Mao's initial views to be in line with Marxism-Leninism, due to his condemnation of Nikita Khrushchev's alleged revisionism. Albania did not have to repay the aid until it could afford it. Chinese technicians worked for the same wages as Albanian workers in Albania's economy. The People's Republic of China was given a seat on the UN Security Council because of the efforts of Albania. Albania became the second largest producer of chrome in the world during this period. The Adriatic Sea was attractive to China as it was hoped that more allies could be gained in Eastern Europe through Albania. Zhou Enlai was in Albania in January 1964.The 1964 Sino-Albanian Joint Statement was signed in Tirana. Like Albania, China defended the purity of Marxism by attacking both US imperialism and Soviet and Yugoslav revisionism, both equally as part of a "dual adversary" theory. Yugoslavia was seen as a "saboteur against world revolution." One of the major issues which Albania had with the alliance was the change in views in China. Unlike Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, the Sino-Albanian alliance lacked an organizational structure for regular consultations and policy coordination. On November 3, 1966 Mao made a speech in which he claimed that Albania was the only Marxist-Leninist state in Europe and that an attack on it would have to contend with the People's Republic of China. If the U.S. imperialists, the modern Soviet revisionists or any of their lackeys dare to touch Albania, it will be a complete, shameful and memorable defeat."You may rest assured, comrade, that our two parties and our two peoples will remain together," <mask> said. They will win together. After the Cultural Revolution, China entered into a four-year period of diplomatic isolation and relations with Albania were mostly positive. Albania condemned the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia on August 20, 1968. Albania officially withdrew from the Warsaw Pact on 5 September after it refused to send troops in support of the invasion. The relationship between the United States and China deteriorated on 15 July 1971 when President Richard Nixon agreed to visit China to meet with Zhou Enlai. <mask> felt betrayed by this, with the Central Committee of thePLA sending a letter to the Central Committee of theCCP calling Nixon a "frenzied anti-Communist".The letter states that in 1971 the Chinese leadership told Albania that it could not depend on a continuous flow of Chinese aid. In 1972, <mask> wrote in his diary that China was no longer a socialist country and that trade with the Soviet Union was still blocked. The trade with Third World nations was $8.3 million in 1974. The trade increased from 0.1% to 1.6%. After Mao's death, <mask> remained optimistic about Sino-Albanian relations, but in August 1977, the new leader of China stated that Mao's Three Worlds Theory would become official foreign policy. As a way to justify having the U.S. as a secondary enemy, <mask> viewed this as a way for China to trade with the U.S. He said that from August 30 to September 7 1977, Tito was welcomed by the Chinese leadership.The PLA claimed that China was now a revisionist state like the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, and that Albania was the only Marxist–Leninist state on Earth. On July 13, 1978, China announced that it was cutting off aid to Albania. Albania didn't have an ally or a major trading partner for the first time in modern history. The 1976 constitution circumscribed the exercise of political liberties which the government interpreted as contrary to the established order. The population was denied access to information that wasn't disseminated by the government-controlled media. The Sigurimi followed the repressive methods of the East German Stasi. At one point, every third Albanian had been in a labour camp.Thousands of people were imprisoned in forced-labour camps for crimes such as treachery or disrupting the proletarian dictatorship. Only those on official business were allowed to travel abroad after 1968. Western European culture was looked upon with suspicion and resulted in bans on any unauthorized foreign material. The styles of socialist realism were reflected in the art. Beards were banned in order to curb the influence of Islam and the Eastern Orthodox faith. The justice system was often used for show trials. In order to diminish the threat of political dissidents and other exiles, relatives of the accused were often arrested, ostracised, and accused of being "enemies of the people".At least 5,000 people were killed by the regime in political executions. During <mask>'s rule, there were fourteen labour camps and six institutions for political prisoners. More than 30,000 people were imprisoned in Albania in 1985. To escape outside the state, as well as refusal to return to the Fatherland by a person who has been sent to serve or has been permitted temporarily to go outside the state was an act of treason, a crime that carries a minimum sentence. The Albanian government went to great lengths to prevent people from leaving the country. The fence has alarm bells and lights which alert guards at intervals along the fence. Two meters of soil on either side of the fence are cleared in order to check for footprints of escapees.The area between the fence and the actual border has booby traps, noise makers, thin metal strips on top of two wooden slats with stones in a tin container, and flares that are triggered by contact. Religion Albania, the only predominantly Muslim country in Europe at that time, didn't identify religion with ethnicity like the Ottoman Empire did. Muslims were seen as Turks, Orthodox Christians as Greeks, and Catholics as Latins in the Ottoman Empire. The division of Albanian society along religious and ethnic lines was a serious issue according to Hoxha. The church's property in the country was taken over by the Agrarian Reform Law of 1945. Since the Vatican was seen as being an agent of Fascism and anti-Communism, the earliest religious community to be targeted was the Catholics. The Jesuit Order and the Franciscans were banned in 1947.There was a decree. Religious leaders were not allowed to associate with foreign powers and a national church was sought. Mother Teresa was denied a chance to see her family because she was seen as a dangerous agent of the Vatican. She was not given the chance to see her mother and sister despite multiple requests. Mother Teresa was able to visit Albania five years after the Communist regime collapsed, but her mother and sister died during <mask>'s rule. One of Mother Teresa's trips to the embassy was described in the book "Our Mother Teresa", where she cried as she left the building. She wants to see us one last time.A party focused on the education of unbelievers in schools. The high birthrate policy encouraged after the war made this tactic effective. When the religious consider "holy periods", such as Lent and Ramadan, many foods and non-water beverages were distributed in schools and factories, and whoever refused to eat those foods or drink these beverages when offered during their "fasting times" were denounced. Secularism was promoted in place of Abrahamic religions. Although violence was initially condemned, Hoxha encouraged communist students and workers to use more force to discourage religious practices. The youth started the surge in anti-theist activity. The result of this "spontaneous, unprovoked movement" was the demolition or conversion of 2,169 churches and mosques in Albania.Albania was declared the world's first atheist state. Secular and personal names were used instead of town and city names which had religious themes. <mask> stated in a speech that "Religion is a fuel kindling fires of all evils". It was made illegal to use religiously based names during this period. Secular names were included in the Dictionary of People's Names. Monsignor Dias, the Papal Nuncio for Albania appointed by Pope John Paul II, said in 1992 that of the three hundred Catholic priests present in Albania before the Communists came to power, only thirty were still active. All clerics were banned as reactionaries for promoting religion.The religious figures who refused to embrace Marxism–Leninism were either arrested or carried out their activities in hiding. During the anti-religious campaign, <mask> <mask> stated that the only religion of Albania was Albanianism. Efforts were focused on an Illyrian-Albanian continuity issue, according to Muzafer Korkuti, one of the dominant figures in post-war Albanian archaeology and now Director of the Institute of Archaeology in Tirana. An Illyrian origin of the Albanians (without denying Pelasgian roots) continued to play a significant role in Albanian nationalism, resulting in a revival of given names supposedly of "Illyrian" origin, at the expense of given names associated with Christianity. At first, Albanian nationalist writers chose the Pelasgians as the forefathers of the Albanians, but as this form of nationalism flourished in Albania under <mask> <mask>, the Pelasgians became a secondary element to the Illyrian theory of Albanian origins. One of the pillars of Albanian nationalism was the Illyrian descent theory, which could provide evidence of continuity of Albanian presence in Kosovo and Southern Albania. There were ethnic conflicts between Albanians, Serbs and Greeks.A theory that Albanians were different from other European populations was disproved by the government of <mask> <mask>. They claimed that the Illyrians were the most ancient people in the Balkans. <mask> and his government were hostile to Western popular culture due to the fact that it was associated with the mass media. In a speech on the Fourth Plenum of the Central Committee of the PLA (PLA-CC) on 26 June 1973, <mask> declared a definitive break with any Western bourgeois influence and what he described as its "degenerated bourgeois culture". He also criticized the spread of certain alien tastes in music and art, which was contrary to socialist ethics and the positive traditions of our people. Mehmet Shehu was appointed Minister of Defence after <mask> sentenced Balluku and a group of his associates to death. The Seventh Congress of the Albanian Party of Labour decided on a new Constitution in 1976.The old Constitution was used to build the foundations of socialism, while the new Constitution will be used to build a socialist society, according to Hoxha. It was stressed more than ever. The activity of training in the use of weapons was taught in schools. The purpose of the training was to encourage quick partisans. The granting of concessions to, and the creation of foreign economic and financial companies and other institutions formed with bourgeois and revisionist capitalist monopolies and states as well as obtaining credits from them are not allowed under the Constitution. Albania was the most isolated country in Europe during this period. Albania had a minimal foreign debt as a result of economic self-sufficiency.Albania imported goods worth $280 million but exported goods worth $290 million, resulting in a trade surplus of $10 million. In 1981 <mask> ordered the execution of several party and government officials. Mehmet Shehu, the second-most powerful man in Albania and <mask>'s closest comrade-in-arms, was reported to have committed suicide in 1981. He was accused of operating in the service of multiple intelligence agencies and of being a traitor to Albania. It is believed that he was either killed or shot himself during a power struggle which may have resulted from differing foreign policy matters with Hoxha. Over 65 volumes of collected works and six volumes of selected works were written by Hoxha during this period. <mask> had a heart attack in 1973.From the late 1970s onward, he turned most state functions over to Ramiz Alia. He was confined to a wheelchair in the last days of his life and was diagnosed with cerebral infarction in 1983. He was struck by a ventricular fibrillation. He died of arrhythmia in the early morning hours of 11 April 1985 at the age of 76. The body of <mask> lay in state at the building of the Presidium of the People's Assembly for three days before he was buried. During <mask>'s funeral, the government refused to accept any foreign delegations and even condemned the Soviet message of condolences. Two days after <mask>'s burial, Ramiz Alia took control of the party's leadership.Albania was left with a legacy of isolation and fear after <mask>'s death. Albania was an impoverished European country throughout the Cold War period, despite some economic progress made during <mask>'s rule. After Albania's transition to capitalism in 1992, <mask>'s legacy diminished so that by the early 21st century very little of it was still in place. A title given to his ancestors due to their efforts to teach Albanians about Islam is the surname <mask>. <mask>'s parents were Halil and Gjylihan (Gjylo) <mask>, and she DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch Enver <mask>'s uncle was a militant who fought for Albania's independence when <mask> was four years old. Beqir was a member of the Gjirokastr section of the League of Prizren.The CEO of the Albanian Post and Telecommunication service is the son of <mask>. Sokol <mask>, a close relative of leading communist figures in Albania, was often seen with a later democratic president of Albania. Pranvera is <mask>'s daughter. The Enver Hoxha Museum in Tirana was designed by her and her husband. The "Enver Hoxha Mausoleum" is said to be the most expensive ever constructed in Albanian history, though this is not an official designation. The museum opened in 1988, three years after her father's death, and was renamed the Pyramid of Tirana in 1991. The Albanian Mafia and members of the royal House of Zogu attempted to assassinate <mask> <mask> in 1982.Two of the plan's members were killed and one was arrested. According to <mask>, documents from Mehmet Shehu's vault were found after his death in 1981 pertaining to orders by Yugoslav intelligence to poison him and assume the leadership of the country. <mask> thinks that the plan failed because Shehu was a cowardice and that suicide would save his family from punishment for his counter-revolutionary activity. According to a survey conducted by the Institute for Development Research and Alternatives, 45% of Albanians believe that <mask> <mask> had a positive impact on the history of Albania. Older generations tend to have a more positive view of <mask>'s contributions, while younger generations tend to have a more negative view. Half of the citizens in southeastern and southwestern Albania had a positive view of <mask>. The Albanian Resistance of World War II is a partial list of

masks: Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Enver Hoxha Enver Hoxha Enver Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Enver Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Enver Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Enver Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha


texts: <mask> was a theologian, missionary, teacher, writer and editor. He was an associate editor of the Seventh-day Adventist Bible commentary. <mask> is seen by some as a "progressive Adventist", as he disagreed with certain traditional positions of the church, including the investigative judgment, and served in an editorial role for the independently owned and operated magazine. He was the editor of Spectrum magazine, an independent paper with progressive viewpoints. He was instrumental in founding the Biblical Research Institute and was the first to become a member of a scholarly theological society. <mask> was born in Los Angeles on April 21, 1911, into a family with a long history in the church. Roswell F<mask> was a Seventh Day Baptist who listened to William Miller before he became a follower.He became a Seventh-day Adventist in the 19th century. Elizabeth was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He was a church pastor in the Pacific Union Conference from 1930 to 1934. He served in the China Division from 1934 to 1941 and assisted in missionary work by his wife. The hostilities with Japan during World War II caused them to leave early. Elizabeth worked in the business office for several years and was a biblical exegesis teacher at Pacific Union College. Francis D. Nichol called him to the Review and Herald Publishing Association to begin work on the new Seventh-day Adventist Bible commentary.The pair arrived in Takoma Park, Maryland in September of 1952. Elizabeth worked in the Review Book Billing Department until 1977. He spent over 15,000 hours studying the Bible over the course of five years. The third largest number of manuscript pages of any author was contributed by the associate editor. He probably had more input into the commentary than any other writer. "The Role of Israel in Old Testament Prophecy" was one of the articles written by <mask>. He wrote that the original subject of the Old Testament prophecies was the nation of Israel, their fulfillment being dependent on the Jewish people's response to the covenant and Messiah.The consensus of the other editors was overruled by the editor-in-chief due to the "overriding pastoral concern" of Nichol. He wrote many articles for the Seventh-day Adventist Bible Dictionary and Encyclopedia. The manuscript of Questions on Doctrine was mostly unheeded by its authors and might have prevented much of the upheaval that followed the publication of the book. He held the position of associate editor for 7 years after Nichol invited him. He worked as a book editor for 7 years. He was a member of the Biblical Research Committee. He retired to Calimesa in 1977.He was a faculty member in the religion department at the university. He worked for both the General Conference and the SEC on various projects. Adventist Today was founded in 1993 and is an independent progressive magazine. In the autumn of the previous year, he and others at Loma Linda came up with the idea for a new magazine. He was editor and editor-in-chief for the rest of his life. The "Sanctuary Doctrine" was written on February 6, 2002. The presentation was made at the San Diego, California Adventist Forum.He argued against William Miller's interpretation of the "2,300 evenings and mornings" of Daniel 8:14 in his paper. Miller thought these were years that ended in 1844. Miller's view forms part of the official beliefs of the church. According to the exegesis of Daniel, the historical sanctuary doctrine cannot be sustained using any part of the book of Daniel. This paper is just as important as the one presented by Dr. Ford at Glacier View. He responded in his own paper. Elizabeth died in Calimesa on August 2, 2002.<mask> died on January 12, 2003 in Calimesa. He had three adopted children and four grandsons. When the Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia was published in the 1950s, the theology of the church was described as open, friendly and honest. The papers in the Manuscript Collection were not published. The manuscript of Daniel, which was never formally published, needs a climate of openness and objectivity in the church, which is essential to a fair examination of the facts. A few progressive positions have been taken by <mask>. It has been argued that after retirement, <mask>'s began to take more progressive viewpoints.There are External links. He was a prolific author, although he chose not to publish many of his articles. The Sanctuary Review Committee and its New Consensus magazine, 11:2 was published in November 1980.

masks:
Raymond Forrest Cottrell
Raymond Cottrell
Raymond Cottrell
. Cottrell
Cottrell
Raymond
Cottrell
Cottrell


texts: The first Count of Sicily, nicknamed <mask> and The Great, was a Norman nobleman. He was a member of the House of Hauteville and his descendants ruled Sicily down to 1194. <mask> came to southern Italy in 1057 as a young man. He was involved in several military expeditions against Sicily. His brother, Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, invested part of Sicily in 1041. He conquered the entire island by 1090 He conquered Malta in 1091).The Kingdom of Sicily was created in 1130 after the state was merged with the Duchy of Apulia. <mask> was the son of Tancred of Hauteville and Fredisenda. In the summer of 1057, <mask> arrived in Southern Italy. The Benedictine monk said that Robert Guiscard and his brother <mask> were like Joseph and Benjamin of old. <mask> used to live in the castle of Scalea, near Cosenza. In a treaty of 1062, the brothers divided the conquest so that each would have half of the town and castle. <mask> married Judith d'vreux about the same time.When he and his brother conquered Calabria, <mask> thought of Sicily. The population was mostly Byzantine Greek Christians at the time. The princes had become independent of the sultan. The brothers captured Messina in May 1061 after crossing from Reggio. In June 1063, <mask> defeated a Muslim army at the Battle of Cerami and in 1068 he defeated a Muslim army at the Battle of Misilmeri. Robert Guiscard invested <mask> as Count of Sicily after Palermo was taken. The north-eastern portion of Sicily was retained by Robert.<mask> wasn't able to do a systematic conquest until 1085. After Syracuse surrendered in March 1086, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success was due to <mask>. After Robert died, Count <mask> became the senior member of the family and supported his nephew, Duke <mask>, against his other nephew, Lando <mask> of Capua. Duke <mask> gave up his share in the castles of Calabria and Palermo in exchange for his uncle's help against the rebels. Robert Guiscard's rule in Italy was less absolute than <mask>'s rule in Sicily. Latin Christianity replaced the Greek Byzantine tradition due to immigration by Lombards and Normans.There were no great undivided fiefs at the enfeoffments of 1072 and 1092. The Norman, French and Italian vassals were all indebted to the count. There was no feudal revolt of importance against <mask>. In order to avoid an attack from North Africa, <mask> set sail with a fleet to conquer Malta. The island was reached before the rest. After landing, the few defenders the Normans encountered retreated and <mask> moved to Mdina. The local qadi discussed the terms with them.The qadi should continue to administer the islands because it was agreed that they would become tributaries of the count. Many Greek and other Christian prisoners were released after the treaty. He left the islands with many who wanted to join him and so many on his ship that it nearly sank. Legend has it that the Count gave the Maltese a red and white flag after the invasion. Mass is said at the Cathedral of Mdina once a year in remembrance of the Count, who liberated Maltese Christians from Muslim rule. The count became master of the church in Sicily. The Papacy granted the Legateship of the island to the heirs of a prince who had recovered Sicily from Greeks and Muslims.The archbishopric of Palermo was turned into a Catholic see by <mask>, who created new Latin bishoprics there. The majority of the important clergy positions were held by French and Norman. One bishop was Norman and three others were from other parts of France. He sponsored the construction of over twelve Greek monasteries in the Val Demone region. In the cities, the Muslims retained their mosques, qadis, and freedom of trade, but in the country they became serfs. The brown tents of the Arabs were found by Saint Anselm when he visited <mask> at the siege of Capua, 1098. After the conquest of Sicily, Lombards and other Italians came to the island, and the decline of Muslim power in the western Mediterranean began.The Benedictine Abbey of the Holy Trinity was where <mask> was buried after he died in Mileto. The abbey was destroyed in an earthquake. The Mileto Antica archaeological park contains its ruins. Simon of Hauteville became the Count of Sicily after his father's death, with his mother acting as his regent. Simon died at the age of 12 and the title of count went to his younger brother, <mask> II of Sicily, who was also the mother of <mask> II. Jordan was <mask>'s oldest son. <mask>'s second son, possibly illegitimate, was a leper.<mask> married Judith d'vreux in 1062. A daughter married Hugh of Jarzé, the first count of Patern Matilda, the wife of Robert, Count of Eu and Raymond IV of Toulouse Adelisa. <mask> married a second time to Eremburga of Mortain in 1077. They got married in 1077. <mask>'s other daughter called Matilda married Guigues <mask>, Count of Albon, who was the husband of Conrad II of Italy. There are references to Pierre. <mask> II de Sicile.Un Normand. Payot, 2001. Alex Metcalfe. The Muslims of Italy. Edinburgh in 2009. John Julius. The Normans lived in the South.Longmans, 1967. 11th-century monarchs in Europe include Italo-Normans and Hauteville family.

masks:
Roger Bosso
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
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Roger
Roger Borsa
IV
Roger Borsa
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger I
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
Roger
III
Roger