texts: <mask> was an American businessman and civic leader in Chicago. <mask> is an American actress. Mr. <mask> was the youngest of eight children. <mask>. Chan's first wife died from the flu. Mary had two children. There were six children, including <mask> and <mask>. Mr. <mask> attended a school in Chinatown.He received a high-school scholarship. Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr., who was Mr. <mask>'s best friend, went on to become the first African-American astronauts. Mr. <mask> graduated from the school in 1952. Mr. Lawrence's sons, as well as Mr. Lawrence's son, attended the same school. Mr. <mask> stated in an article that his experience at Parker influenced his life in two ways. The atmosphere of encouragement helped him build self-confidence. He developed mutual respect and caring for those of a different race, ethnicity and religion as a result of his diversity.He didn't know a Jew until he attended Parker. Mr. <mask> received his B.A. after completing a six-year dual degree program that included a Juris Doctor from the school of law. His J.D. was in Economics. In 1957. The Chinese Trading Company is a business. The Vice president of the food import company was President of the Chinese Noodle Company. The company made egg noodles and won ton and egg roll skins.The <mask> family acquired the other companies. After his older brother, Chung, died of a heart attack in 1980, Mr. <mask> became president of all of the companies. His sisters, brothers, nephew, and son all worked for the family business. The Lincoln Academy of Illinois Trustee, Jane Addams' Hull House Director, Madison Bank Member, Chicago Board of Roosevelt University Member, Board of Advisors, and a member of the Illinois Development Finance Authority. His smile and demeanor made people smile. According to his friends, he had a natural ability to resolve differences. The Asian American Coalition of Chicago is an organization that annually brings together diverse Asian communities, including Chinese, Indian, Pakistani, Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, Thai, Vietnamese, and Cambodian.He had an easier time working with politicians because he was a second generation native English speaker. Mr. <mask> was an advisor. The late Harold Washington and Richard M. Daley were Chicago mayors. Mr. <mask>'s greatest achievement was his work on Chinatown Square, a $100 million plus residential and commercial expansion of Chinatown on land purchased from the Santa Fe Railroad. The president of the Chinese American Development Corporation didn't have the chance to see the bustling development that it has become. He wanted to expand Chinatown so that his fellow Chinese would have more room to live and work. He was one of Chicago magazine's top 40 Chicago pioneers.On October 11, 1958, <mask> married Valerie Ching. They met in Chicago while Mr. <mask> was attending law school. Mr. <mask>'s wish that a park be built for Chinatown residents came true on October 2, 1999, when the Chicago park was built. The 10th anniversary of Mr. <mask>'s death was marked by the installation of a bust in the park. The Pan Asian American award was named in his honor by the Asian American Coalition of Chicago. The Raymond and Jean Lee Chinese-American Museum of Chicago is located in Chicago.

masks:
Ping Tom
Lauren Tom
Tom
Tom Y
Tom
Ping
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Ping Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> of Anjou was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou. He was Count of Provence and Forcalquier in the Holy Roman Empire, as well as Count of Anjou and Maine in France. He was proclaimed King of Albania in 1272 and purchased a claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1277. <mask> was destined for a career in the Church until the early 1240s. He acquired Provence and Forcalquier through his marriage. His attempts to restore central authority brought him into conflict with his mother-in-law and the nobility. <mask> of France gave Charles Anjou and Maine.He was with Louis during the Seventh Crusade. <mask> forced three wealthy cities to acknowledge his suzerainty after he returned to Provence. In 1253 <mask> supported Margaret II against her son, John. After persuading him to leave the county, <mask> instructed Margaret to pay him 160,000 marks. <mask> expanded his suzerainty over a dozen towns and lordships in the Kingdom of Arles. He accepted the offer of the Holy See to take the Kingdom of Sicily from the Hohenstaufens. The island of Sicily, southern Italy and north of Naples were included in the kingdom.Pope Urban IV helped <mask> raise funds for the military campaign after he declared a crusade against the incumbent. <mask> was crowned king in Rome. He occupied the Regno without resistance. His victory over Conradin strengthened his rule. The Hafsid Caliph of Tunisia was forced to pay a yearly tribute to him after he took part in the Eighth Crusade. <mask>'s victories secured his undisputed leadership among the Papacy's Italian partisans, but his influence on papal elections and his strong military presence in Italy disturbed the popes. They helped him acquire claims to Jerusalem and Arles through treaties.Pope Martin IV gave <mask> the go-ahead to start a crusade against the Byzantine Empire. The Sicilian Vespers rebellion broke out on March 30, 1282, which ended <mask>'s rule on the island of Sicily. He was able to defend the mainland territories with the help of France and the Holy See. <mask> was making plans for an invasion of Sicily. King <mask> of France had a child named <mask>. He was probably a posthumous son, born in early 1227. Matthew Paris noted in his book that <mask> was the only surviving son to be "born in the purple" after his father's death.He was the first Capetian to be given a name. <mask> succeeded his father, <mask>, who died in 1226 King wanted his sons to be prepared for a career in the church. <mask> received a good education, but the details of his tuition are unknown. He was able to identify errors in Latin texts. He has a passion for poetry, medical sciences and law. <mask> said that their mother had an impact on their education.She could spare little time for her youngest children, as she was fully engaged in state administration. <mask>, Count of Artois had a brother named <mask>. The Count of Poitiers took care of him for four years. His participation in his brothers' military campaign against Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, in 1242 showed that he was no longer destined for a Church career. Provence and Anjou Raymond Berengar V of Provence died in August 1245 and left Provence and Forcalquier to his youngest daughter, who had given generous dowries to her three sisters. Margaret and Eleanor believed that they had been disinherited because the dowries were not fully discharged. The usufruct of Provence was claimed by their mother.The Hohenstaufen Emperor <mask> had recently excommunicated Pope <mask> IV for his alleged "crimes against the Church", Count <mask> of Toulouse and other rulers proposed themselves or their sons as husbands for the young Countess. She was put under the protection of the Holy See. Margaret and <mask> thought that Beatrice should be married to <mask>. <mask> IV accepted a proposal from France to defeat Frederick II. <mask> hurried to Aix-en-Provence at the head of an army to prevent other suitors from invading Provence, and married Beatrice on 31 January 1246. Provence was a part of the Kingdom of Arles and the Holy Roman Empire, but <mask> never swore fealty to the emperor. Outraging both his subjects and his mother-in-law, he ordered a survey of the counts' rights and revenues.<mask> had not received an appanage from his father, despite being destined for a church career. John, the fourth son of <mask>, died in 1232. Three months after <mask> knighted <mask> at Melun, he gave Anjou and Maine to him. <mask> appointed baillies to administer his two counties. The emperor formed a league and appointed a Provenal nobleman, Barral of Baux, as the commander of their armies. The Provenals were put under protection by <mask>'s mother-in-law. As he was about to join his brother's crusade, <mask> couldn't deal with the rebels.He granted a third of his revenues from Provence to his mother-in-law in order to appease her. <mask> promised to lead a crusade. His three brothers took the cross despite their mother's opposition. The crusade began at Aigues-Mortes on 25 August 1248. They invaded Egypt in June of 1249. They decided to attack Cairo in November. <mask>'s personal courage was noted by Jean de Joinville during their advance.Robert was fighting against the Egyptians. The brothers had to abandon the campaign. They fell into captivity after leaving Egypt. In exchange for the surrender of Damietta, the Egyptians released Louis, <mask>, and Alphonse. <mask> was angry with Louis for gambling while the king was mourning Robert's death. <mask> returned to France after staying in the Holy Land. <mask>'s officers continued to survey the counts' rights and revenues in Provence, provoking a new rebellion during his absence.He used both diplomacy and military force to deal with them. The secular rights of the two towns were given to <mask> in the 12th century. He got military assistance from his brother. The first town to surrender to them was Arles. Avignon was forced to acknowledge their joint rule. Barral of Baux capitulated a month later. In July 1252, Marseilles sought peace after several months of resistance.The burghers retained their self-governing bodies despite acknowledging <mask> as their lord. <mask>'s officials continued to visit each town to inquire about his claims. In the whole county, the count's salt monopoly was introduced. Salt trade income made up half of the state's revenues by the late 1200s. Local tolls were abolished by <mask>. He ordered the issue of new coins to allow the use of the local currency in smaller transactions. The ruler of Sicily, Frederick II, died in 1250.Sicily and southern Italy were included in the Kingdom of Sicily, also known as the Regno. Pope <mask> IV said that the Regno had reverted to the Holy See. The Pope offered it to Richard of Cornwall, but he didn't want to fight <mask> of Germany. The Pope proposed to have <mask> have sex with him. <mask> forbade <mask> from accepting the offer because he regarded Conrad as the lawful ruler. The Pope offered the Regno to Edmund of Lancaster after <mask> told the Holy See he wouldn't accept it. France was administered by Queen Blanche during Louis' crusade.Louis wanted to remain in the Holy Land so he made Alphonse and <mask> co-regents. Margaret II had a conflict with her son when she was married to John of Avesnes. In July 1253 her sons were captured by her second marriage and she needed foreign assistance to get them out. She promised the county to <mask> after ignoring <mask>'s 1246 ruling. Most local noblemen swore their loyalty to him after he invaded Hainaut. <mask> wanted his ruling to be respected after he returned to France. Margaret's sons were obliged to swear to fealty to <mask> after he ordered <mask> to restore Hainaut.She was to pay <mask> 160,000 marks over the next 13 years. It had become restive when <mask> returned to Provence. His mother-in-law continued to support the rebels, but <mask> persuaded her to return Forcalquier to <mask> and give up her claims for a lump sum payment and pension. The political power of <mask>'s officials was surrendered after a coup by his supporters. In the next four years, <mask> increased his power along the borders of Provence. The Lower Alps were given to him by the Dauphin of Vienne. The regent of the Kingdom of Arles was given to <mask> of Baux, Count of Orange.Cuneoa town was strategically located on the routes from Provence to Lombardy to protect <mask> against Asti in July 1259. Alba, Cherasco, Savigliano and other nearby towns accepted his rule. The rulers of Mondov, Ceva, Biandrate and Saluzzo paid homage to him. In 1258, Emperor <mask>'s illegitimate son was crowned king of Sicily. Pope <mask> nullified the 1253 grant of Sicily to Edmund of Lancaster after the English barons opposed a war against Manfred. Pope Urban IV wanted to end the Emperor's rule in Italy. Albert of Parma was sent to Paris to negotiate with <mask> for <mask> to be placed on the Sicilian throne.The Pope's envoy met with <mask>. There was a new revolt in Provence because of <mask>'s absence. The burghers of Marseilles expelled <mask>'s officials, but Barral of Baux stopped the rebellion before <mask>'s return. The Republic of Genoa was chosen by <mask> to secure her neutrality. Castellane was forced into exile after he defeated the rebels. The settlement of Marseilles was brought about by the mediation of <mask> of Aragon, but the town retained its independence. <mask>'s military campaign in Italy was supported by the Conquest of the Regno Louis IX.Pope Urban IV promised to proclaim a crusade against Manfred, while <mask> said he wouldn't accept any offices in the Italian towns. <mask> was elected the head of the civil government of Rome despite the coup staged by Manfred. The Pope could not break with <mask> despite the fact that a group of cardinals requested that he revocation the agreement with him. Simon and Guy Foulquois were sent to France in the spring of 1264 to reach a compromise and start raising support for the crusade. <mask> sent troops to Rome to protect the Pope. Margaret promised Foulquois that she wouldn't take actions against <mask> during his absence. The French and Provenal prelates offered financial support for the crusade.The final agreement was not concluded before Pope Urban died. The leaders of the Provenal rebels were executed by <mask> after he secured his army's route across Lombardy. Foulquois urged <mask> to come to Rome after he was elected pope. The Kingdom of Sicily would be the popes' vassal for an annual tribute of 8,000 ounces of gold. He promised that he wouldn't seek the imperial title. He arrived at Ostia ten days later. Four cardinals invested him with the Regno a week after he was installed as senator.The Pope allowed him to pledge Church property in order to finance further military actions. He was crowned king of Sicily by five cardinals. 6,000 fully equipped mounted warriors, 600 mounted bowmen and 20,000 foot soldiers from France and Provence arrived in Rome ten days later. <mask> decided to invade southern Italy without delay because he couldn't finance a lengthy campaign. He left Rome on January 20th. After learning of a muster of Manfred's forces near Capua, he changed his strategy and marched towards Naples. He led his troops towards Benevento.<mask> was the one who rushed to the town. <mask>'s army was in disarray from the crossing of the hills after Manfred attacked them because he was worried that further delays might endanger his subjects' loyalty. He was killed in the battle after his army was defeated. The towns surrendered before <mask>'s troops arrived. The Muslims of the colony paid homage to <mask>. The island of Sicily was taken over by Philip of Montfort. The children and their mother were captured.The island of Corfu and the region of Durazzo were laid claim to by <mask>. His troops took control of Corfu at the end of the year. They didn't believe that Conradin <mask>' conciliatory policy could last. They were aware that he had promised to return estates. Even though the popes declared it an illegal charge, <mask> continued to enforce it. He made a profit by banning the use of foreign currency in large transactions and compulsory exchange of foreign coinage for local currency. Through a joint venture with Pisan merchants, he traded in grain, spices and sugar.Pope Clement said that <mask> was an arrogant and obstinate monarch. Clement was alarmed by the consolidation of <mask>'s power. <mask> resigned his senatorship to appease the Pope. The money that <mask> and the Pope had borrowed from the Romans was demanded by his successors. The Pope was forced to ask <mask> to send his troops to Tuscany because of the Ghibellines' victories. The Ghibellines were ousted from Florence in

masks:
Charles
Charles
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Louis VIII
Charles
Charles
Louis IX
Louis VIII
Charles
Charles
Robert I
Charles
Frederick II
Innocent
Raymond VII
Louis IX
Charles
Pope Innocent
Charles
Charles
Charles
Louis VIII
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Innocent
Conrad IV
Charles
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Louis IX
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Raymond I
Charles
Frederick II
Alexander IV
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
James I
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Frederick II
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles


texts: April 1267 by <mask>'s troops. <mask> moved to Tuscany after being elected the Podest for seven years.Pope Clement decided to change the direction of <mask>'s ambitions after he was alarmed by his expansionism along the Papal States' borders. He was told by the Pope to abandon his claims to Tuscany in three years. He persuaded <mask> to sign agreements with William of Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea and the Latin Emperor Baldwin II. If Philip died childless, Villehardouin made <mask>'s younger son, Philip, his heir and acknowledged <mask>'s suzerainty. Baldwin gave up his claims to suzerainty in favor of <mask>. In exchange for one third of the conquered lands, <mask> promised to assist Baldwin in recapturing Constantinople from the Byzantine emperor, <mask> Palaiologos. The fortress of Poggibonsi fell at the end of November after <mask> returned to Tuscany.<mask>'s son Conradin wanted to assert his hereditary right to the Kingdom of Sicily, so his supporters fled to Germany. Conrad Capece came back to Sicily and stirred up a revolt after Conradin accepted their proposal. Capece asked <mask> al-Mustansir, the Hafsid caliph of Sicily, to allow Frederick to invade from North Africa. Henry was elected senator of Rome and offered his support to Conradin. <mask> failed to repay a loan to Henry, who was his friend. In September 1267, Conradin left Bavaria. The revolt was spreading from Sicily to Calabria.<mask> continued his campaign in Tuscany after Pope Clement urged him to return to the Regno. In April, the Pope made <mask> imperial vicar of Tuscany, a move that was dubious legality. <mask> had to hurry north to prevent Conradin's invasion of Abruzzo after he laid siege to southern Italy. At the Battle of Tagliacozzo, it appeared that Conradin had won the day, but a sudden charge by <mask>'s reserve routed Conradin's army. The burghers of Potenza, Aversa and other towns in Basilicata and Apulia massacred their fellows who had agitated on Conradin's behalf. <mask> was re-elected as a senator in September. New officials were appointed to administer justice and collect state revenues.Coins with his name were struck. Rome was ruled by <mask>'s vicars for a year. Conradin was captured. Conradin and his friend, <mask>, Margrave of Baden, were brought to trial for robbery and treason in Naples, but most of his retainers were executed. They were beheaded on October 29th. Conrad of Antioch was Conradin's only partisan to be released, but only after his wife threatened to execute the lords she held captive in her castle. The Ghibelline noblemen fled to the court of <mask> of Aragon, who married his daughter.The wife of Italy <mask> died in July 1267. <mask> married Margaret of Nevers in November 1268. Her father was the son of <mask>, Duke of Burgundy. Pope Clement died in 1268. <mask>'s authority in Italy was strengthened by the pope's three year absence, but it also deprived him of the ecclesiastic support that only a pope could provide. The siege in April 1269 was directed by <mask>. After escaping to the town, the Ghibellines were forced to surrender in August 1269.Philip and Guy of Montfort were sent to Sicily to force the rebels into submission, but they were only able to capture Augusta. In August 1269, <mask> made William l'Estandart the commander of the army in Sicily. Frederick of Castile and Frederick Lancia were forced to seek refuge in Tunisia. Capece had to surrender in early 1270 after L'Estandart's victory. The last towns to resist <mask> were Siena and Pisathe. The Tuscan merchants and bankers were given privileges which made them stronger in the Regno. After Conradin's death, the Lombard towns no longer feared an invasion from Germany.In May 1269, <mask> sent Walter to represent him in the province, but he failed to strengthen his authority. The Lombard towns were invited to attend the assembly at Cremona. The Lombard towns accepted the invitation, but some towns didn't acknowledge his rule. <mask> decided to start a military campaign against Tunisia after abandoning the idea of liberation of Jerusalem. According to his confessor, Louis believed that al-Mustansir was ready to convert to Christianity. According to the 13th-century historian, <mask> persuaded Louis to attack Tunisia because he wanted to get the tribute that the rulers of Tunisia had paid to the former Sicilian monarchs. <mask> left Naples six days after the French began at Aigues-Mortes.He was in Sicily waiting for his fleet. The French army was decimated by diseases by the time he arrived in Tunisia. The day <mask> arrived, Louis died. The army of Al-Mustansir was defeated twice by the crusaders. According to the peace treaty signed on 1 November, Al-Mustansir agreed to compensate <mask> of France and <mask> for the expenses of the military campaign and to release his Christian prisoners. He promised to expel <mask>'s opponents from Tunisia. <mask> was able to make new coins, known as, in the Regno because of the gold and silver from the newly opened mine at Longobucco.<mask> and Philip traveled to Tunisia. Most of <mask>'s galleys were damaged or lost in the storm. The Genoese ships that came back from the crusade were sunk or forced to land in Sicily. The Ghibelline authorities of Genoa protested when <mask> seized the ships and their cargo. He granted tax concessions to the Sicilians because he realized that the conquest of the island had caused a lot of destruction. Attempts to expand <mask> were accompanied by <mask>. They didn't convince the cardinals toelect a new pope.Alphonse died after <mask> sent his best doctors to cure him. The Marquisate of Provence and the County of Poitiers were claimed by him because he was Alphonse's nearest kin. The case was taken to the Parlement of Paris after <mask> objected. The court ruled in 1284 that appanages escheated to the French crown if their rulers died without descendants. Durazzo's walls were destroyed by an earthquake in the late 1260s or early 1270s. The leaders of the nearby Albanian communities helped <mask>'s troops take possession of the town. The Albanian chiefs were promised protection in February 1272.He appointed Gazzo Chinardo as his vicar-general. He sent his fleet to defend the principality. The enthronement of Pope Gregory X took place in Rome. The pope wanted to end the conflicts between the Ghibellines and the Guelphs. <mask> met with the exiled leaders of Genoa. <mask> promised military assistance to the people after they offered him the office of captain. In November 1272, <mask> ordered his officials to take prisoner all Genoese within his territories and seize their property.His fleet was in Corsica. Pope Gregory proposed that the Genoese should choose officials. Alfonso X of Castile, <mask> of Montferrat and the Ghibelline towns of Lombardy formed an alliance with the Genoese in October 1273. The conflict with Genoa prevented <mask> from invading the Byzantine Empire. The first treaty between the two countries was concluded in 1272 or 1273. The King of Serbia and Thessaly's <mask> Doukas joined the coalition. Pope Gregory forbade <mask> from attacking because he wanted to unify the Orthodox and Catholic churches.The renowned theologian Thomas Aquinas died unexpectedly near Naples on March 7, 1274, before going to attend the Second Council of Lyon. According to a popular legend, <mask> had him poisoned because he feared that Aquinas would make a complaint against him. Steven Runciman says there is no evidence to support the idea that the doctor's death was not natural. <mask> was accused of being a tyrant by the Southern Italian churchmen. The Pope's attempt to reach a compromise with the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire was reinforced by their report. The Pope acknowledged the ruler of Germany and Italy in June. Margaret and Eleanor claimed that they had been unfairly disinherited in favour of <mask>'s wife.At the Council of Lyon on July 6th, <mask>'s personal envoy announced that he had accepted the Catholic creed. Pope Gregory banned <mask> from starting military actions against the Byzantine Empire. The Pope tried to broker a truce between <mask> and Michael, but the latter chose to attack smaller states in the Balkans. The maritime routes between Albania and southern Italy were taken over by the Byzantine fleet in the late 1270s. Gregory allowed <mask> to send reinforcements. The Pope's main object was the organisation of a new crusade to the Holy Land. He persuaded <mask> to negotiate with Maria about purchasing her claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.The Pope had a low opinion of Hugh, despite the High Court of Jerusalem rejecting her in favor of him. <mask> became more focused on the war with Genoa and the Lombard towns. Artois could not prevent Vercelli and Alessandria from joining the Ghibelline League despite appointing his nephew <mask> of Artois as his deputy. There was a Genoese fleet that plundered Trapani and the island of Gozo. The Pope urged the Lombard towns to send envoys to him because he was convinced that only a compromise could be reached between the Ghibellines and the Guelphs. He urged <mask> to leave Tuscany. The Ghibellines offered to make peace with <mask>, but he refused.The Ghibellines defeated his troops at Col de Tende early in the next year. Pope Gregory X died in January. After Gregory's pontificate, <mask> was determined to secure the election of a pope willing to support his plans. Pope <mask>, Gregory's successor, quickly confirmed <mask> as senator of Rome and imperial vicar of Tuscany. The peace treaty between <mask> and Genoa was signed in Rome. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Pope Innocent died on June 30th.<mask>'s troops surrounded the Lateran Palace, allowing only his allies to communicate with other cardinals and outsiders. The pope, Ottobuono de' Fieschi, died on August 18th after being elected on July 11th. The cardinals met again at Viterbo. Although <mask> was staying in the nearby Vetralla, he could not influence the election because his opponent, Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, dominated the papal conclave. Pope <mask>, who was elected on 20 September, excommunicated <mask>'s opponents in Piedmont, but did not forbid the leaders from swearing fealty to him. The Pope confirmed the treaty concluded by <mask> and Maria of Antioch, which transferred her claims to Jerusalem for 1,000 bezants and a pension of 4,000. Roger was appointed to administer the Kingdom of Jerusalem by <mask>.Acre was the site of San Severino's landing on 7 June 1277. The town was surrendered by the bailiff of <mask>. The barons of the realm paid homage to San Severino in January 1278 after he threatened to take their estates. The Mamluks of Egypt had already confined the kingdom to a coastal strip covering and <mask> had ordered San Severino to avoid conflicts with Egypt. Pope John died. The election of Giovanni Gaetano Orsini as Pope Nicholas <mask> was not prevented by <mask>. The Pope reminded <mask> that he had been elected senator for ten years after he declared that no foreign prince could rule in Rome.On May 24, 1278, <mask> swore fealty to the new pope. He had to promise to give up the senatorship of Rome in four months. <mask> confirmed the excommunication of <mask>'s enemies in Piedmont and began negotiations with Rudolf to prevent him from forming an alliance against <mask> with Margaret of Provence and <mask> of England. Nicholas' refusal to renew <mask>'s vicariate in Tuscany was a result of the negotiations with Rudolf. On August 30th, <mask> resigned from the senatorship and the vicariate. The Pope's nephew, Cardinal Latino Malabranca, succeeded him in Tuscany. The restoration of the Kingdom of Arles for <mask>'s grandson, <mask>, was a priority for the Pope.<mask> of France did not stand by his mother, but Margaret of Provence did. In the summer of 1279, <mask> was recognised as the lawful ruler of Provence without having to take an oath of fealty. An agreement about <mask>'s rule in Arles and his marriage to Clemence was signed in May. Duke <mask> and Count <mask> of Burgundy

masks:
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Michael VIII
Charles
Conrad IV
Muhammad I
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Frederick I
Peter III
Charles
Charles
Hugh IV
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Philip III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Philip III
Charles
Philip III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
William VII
Charles
John I
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Michael VIII
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Robert II
Charles
Charles
Charles
Innocent V
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
John XII
Charles
Charles
Charles
Hugh III
Charles
III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Nicholas III
Charles
Charles
Edward I
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles Martel
Philip III
Charles
Charles Martel
Robert II
Otto IV


texts: were disturbed by the plan. <mask> of Villehardouin had died on 1 May 1278. The unpopular Galeran of Ivry was appointed as his baillif. The peasants' homes were pillaged by Galeran's troops.The Duke of Athens had to lend money to finance their salaries. <mask>'s suzerainty was acknowledged by Nicephoros <mask> of Epirus. Butrinto, Sopotos and Panormosto Charles were ceded by Nicephoros. Pope Nicholas died in August. <mask> sent agents to Viterbo to promote the election of one of his supporters, taking advantage of the rift between the Pope's relatives and other Italian cardinals. The town of Viterbo was taken over by <mask>'s troops after a riot broke out. The pope was elected on February 22, 1281.<mask> was made the senator of Rome again by Pope Martin IV. The rebellion at Forl was stopped by the troops of Jean d'Eppe. <mask> destroyed <mask>' army at Borgo San Dalmazzo in May. Pope Martin excommunicated Emperor <mask> because he did not impose the Church union in his empire. <mask> was given the go-ahead by the Pope. The Byzantine fortress of Berat had already been attacked by Hugh of Sully. The Byzantine army of relief arrived in March 1281.The interior of Albania was lost to the Byzantines when Sully's army was put to flight. <mask> and his son-in-law made an alliance with Venice in order to restore the Roman Empire. The next year, they decided to start a full-scale campaign. Margaret of Provence called Robert and Otto of Burgundy and other lords who held fiefs in the Kingdom of Arles to a meeting at Troyes in the autumn of 1281. They were willing to unite their troops to prevent <mask>'s army from taking possession of the kingdom, but <mask> of France strongly opposed his mother's plan and <mask> of England would not promise any assistance to them. The Burgundian fief that <mask>' wife held was appeased by Robert of Burgundy. In the spring of 1282, <mask>'s ships began to assemble and sail up the Rhone.The Byzantine Empire was being attacked by another fleet. <mask> could not cancel the tax because it was unpopular in the Regno. The burden of those who did not enjoy such privileges was increased when he granted exemptions to individuals and communities. The yearly exchange of the coins almost exclusively used in local transactions is an unpopular source of revenue for the royal treasury. <mask> took out forced loans whenever he needed a large amount of money, as he explained in one of his decrees. <mask>'s government in southern Italy and Sicily was unpopular because of purveyances. His subjects could be forced to guard prisoners or soldiers in their homes.The restoration of old fortresses, bridges and aqueducts and the building of new castles required the employment of craftsmen, but most of them were unwilling to participate in such lengthy projects. Many people were forced to serve in the army in foreign lands after 1279. The salt trade was declared a monopoly. The payment of 150% of the customary amount was required by <mask> in December 1281. Sicily was the center of resistance against <mask> in 1268. The capital was moved from Palermo to Naples. He did not visit the island after 1271.Sicilian noblemen were often appointed to represent him in his other realm, but they were rarely employed as royal officials. <mask> employed French and Provenal clerics to administer large estates he seized on the island in the late 1260s. John of ProcidaManfred of Sicily's former chancellor is said to have staged an international plot against <mask>. According to legend, he went to Constantinople, Sicily and Viterbo in disguise in order to convince <mask>, the Sicilian barons and Pope Nicholas III to support a revolt. <mask> claimed in his memoirs that he was God's instrument in bringing freedom to the Sicilians. The Emperor sent money to the Sicilian barons because of his wealth. The Kingdom of Sicily was laid claim to by <mask> of Aragon in the late 12th century.He was going to build a fleet for another crusade. Rioting broke out in Sicily after a burgher of Palermo killed a drunken French soldier who insulted his wife before the Church of the Holy Spirit on Easter Monday in 1282. The French were massacred in the town when the mob turned against the soldiers who attacked the murderer. Most of <mask>'s officials were killed or forced to flee the island when the Sicilian Vespers riot developed into an uprising. The spread of the revolt to Calabria could not be stopped by the transfer of soldiers and ships from Achaea to Sicily. The major part of the garrison at Acre had to return to Italy. The man who succeeded him in Acre had limited authority.The burghers of the major Sicilian towns asked Pope Martin to take their delegates under the protection of the Holy See. The Pope excommunicated the rebels on 7 May. <mask> accused his officials of ignoring his instructions, but he didn't promise fundamental changes. He laid siege to Sicily in July. War with Aragon <mask> of Aragon's envoy, William of Castelnou, began negotiations with the rebels' leaders in Palermo. Realizing that they couldn't resist without foreign support, they named Peter and Constance their king and queen. The Aragonese fleet was assembling when they appointed envoys to accompany them.Peter decided to help the rebels and sailed to Sicily. He was declared king of Sicily in September. The Kingdom of Naples was ruled by <mask> and his successors for more than a century, while the island of Sicily was ruled by Peter and his descendants. <mask> was forced to leave the island in the face of the Aragonese landing, but they moved quickly and destroyed part of his army. Peter took control of the whole island and sent troops to Calabria, but they could not prevent <mask> of Salerno from leading an army of 600 French knights to join his father at Reggio Calabria. <mask> of Artois and Peter of Alenon were in charge of the French troops in November. The Pope excommunicated Peter in the same month.Neither could they afford a long war. <mask> made a proposal in December of 1282. Peter agreed that a battle between the two kings should decide Sicily's fate. The hour was not fixed for the duel that was to take place at Bordeaux on June 1st. <mask> was appointed to administer the Regno during <mask>' absence. Guy of Dramelay, baillif, was made one of the local lords to secure their loyalty. The war against the Sicilians was declared by Pope Martin.On 9 March, <mask> met with the Pope in Viterbo, but he ignored the Pope's ban on his duel with Peter of Aragon. He left for Bordeaux to meet with Peter after visiting Provence and Paris. The duel turned into a farce when the two kings arrived at different times on the same day and declared a victory over their opponent. There were raids and skirmishes in southern Italy. The Aragonese guerillas killed Peter of Alenon in January 1283 and the Aragonese seized Calabria in February. One of the leaders of the anti-Angevin rebellion, Walter of Caltagirone, was executed in May 1283 for his secret correspondence with <mask>'s agents. <mask> of France's son, <mask> of Valois, was given the kingdom upon Pope Martin's declaration of the war against Aragon.<mask> instructed his son, <mask> of Salerno, to maintain a defensive posture until his return, as <mask> started to raise new troops and a fleet in Provence. Roger blockaded Naples on the island of Nisida in May 1284. <mask> tried to destroy the squadron but most of his fleet was captured and he was taken prisoner. The news of the reverse caused a riot in Naples, but the papal legate destroyed it with the help of local noblemen. On 6 June, <mask> landed at Gaeta. He was angry at <mask>. He referred to his son's capture as "Who loses a fool loses nothing".<mask> left Naples for Calabria in June of 1284. He was accompanied by a large army of 10,000 mounted warriors and 40,000 foot-soldiers. He attacked the town by land and sea in late July. His troops were unable to land in Sicily. The siege and retreat from Calabria had to be lifted on 3 August. Death <mask> made plans for a campaign against Sicily in the new year. The officials were sent orders for the collection.He was ill before he went to Foggia. He left <mask> of Artois regent for his grandson, <mask>, who was to rule his realm until he was released. He passed away in the morning of 7 January. He was buried in Naples in a marble sepulchre, but his heart was placed in Paris. The chapel of the newly built Naples Cathedral was where his corpse was moved. <mask> was a faithful husband and father according to family records. His first wife gave birth to at least six children.She convinced <mask> to claim the Kingdom of Sicily because she wanted to wear a crown like her sisters. She left usufruct of Provence to <mask> before she died. After marrying Robert of Béthune in 1265, she died four years later. Philip, the Latin emperor, married her sister, Beatrice, in 1273. The Principality of Salerno was granted to <mask> in 1272. The survival of the Capetian House of Anjou was secured by <mask> the Lame and his wife, Maria of Hungary, who had fourteen children. In 1269, Philip was elected king of Sardinia without the pope's consent.He died without a child. Robert was <mask>'s third son. In 1269, <mask>'s youngest daughter was married to the future Ladislaus IV of Hungary, but he preferred his mistresses to her. <mask> proposed to Margaret of Hungary. Margaret, who was brought up in a Dominican nunnery, did not want to marry. She had a plan to prevent the marriage. None of the children that <mask> and Margaret of Nevers had survived to adulthood.Modern views about <mask> were influenced by the works of two 13th-century historians. <mask> was described as a tyrant by both the former and the latter. <mask> continued his predecessors' policies in coinage, taxation, and the employment of unpopular officials from Amalfi. The monarchy underwent a "Provenalistion" during his reign. 700 noblemen from France or Provence were given estates in the Regno. The chronicler Thomas Tuscus who visited Naples in 1267 observed that he did not adopt the rich ceremonial robes of earlier Sicilian kings, but dressed like other western European monarchs. According to the Florentine historian, Giovanni Villani, <mask> was the most powerful Christian monarch in the late 1270s.Luchetto Gattilusio compared <mask> to Charlemagne. The reports show that <mask> was considered an emperor. According to modern historians, <mask> tried to build an empire in the east, Gérard Sivéry wrote that he wanted to dominate the west, and Jean Dunbabin wrote that his "agglomeration of lands was in the process of forming an empire." <mask> was too large to control, according to the historian. Economic links were strengthened during his reign. Grain from the Regno was sold in Albania, Acre and Tuscany, and merchants settled in Anjou, Maine, Sicily and Naples. His senechals in Provence were from Anjou, French and Provenal noblemen held the highest offices in the Regno, and he chose his vicars in Rome from among southern Italian.southern Italy and Provence were retained by his son. <mask> did not use "imperial rhetoric". A new political theory was developed by Marino de Caramanico. The Holy Roman Emperors had a monopoly on law-making according to traditional interpretators of Roman law. Caramanico stated that an emperor could not claim sovereignty over a king and that <mask> was competent to issue decrees. In order to promote legal education, <mask> paid high salaries for masters of law at the University of Naples. The university became a principal centre of medical science after the masters of medicine received similar remunerations.During his life, <mask> borrowed Arabic medical texts from the rulers of Tunisia to have them translated into English. He had a Jewish scholar translate texts from Arabic to Latin. <mask>'s order translated one of Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi's books. <mask> was a poet, which made him different from his Capetian relatives. He composed love songs with Pierre d'Angicourt. He was asked to judge two poetic contests in his youth, but scholars don't like his poetry. French poets were willing to praise <mask> even though the Provenal troubadours were mostly critical of him.<mask> was rebuked by Raimon de Tors de Marseilha for invading the Regno after he wrote a poem against the salt tax. The King of Sicily was dedicated to <mask> and Jean de Meun by Adam de la Halle. <mask> and his one-time rival, <mask> of Aragon, were singing peacefully in Purgatory. <mask> was interested in architecture. He designed a tower, but it collapsed. He ordered the construction of the Castel Nuovo in Naples. French-style glassed windows were introduced in southern Italy.13th-century monarchs of Naples and the Capetian House of Anjou are

masks:
William II
Charles
I
Charles
Charles
Charles
Thomas I
Charles
Michael VIII
Charles
Charles
Charles
Philip III
Edward I
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Michael VIII
Michael VIII
Peter III
Charles
Charles
Peter III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Robert II
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Philip III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Robert II
Charles Martel
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles II
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Peter III
Charles


texts: <mask> is an American writer known for his literary journalism, nature and environmental writing, and books and magazine pieces about political and environmental situations and world affairs. He was a staff writer at The New Yorker magazine from 1978 to 1987, a founding contributing editor of Outside magazine and Condé Nast Traveler, and was the senior-most contributing editor to Vanity Fair since 1986. He has reported from the most remote corners of the world. Donald Trump and Graydon Carter both said that <mask> was the greatest writer in America. A 1986 article for Vanity Fair magazine about the mountain gorilla advocate Dian Fossey, which became the film gorilla, is one of the career highlights. Since 2001 he has been the editor of "Dispatches From The Vanishing World", a website dedicated to documenting and raising awareness about the planet's rapidly disappearing natural and cultural diversity. The site has hundreds of pages of his writing.His eleventh book, The Wasting of Borneo: Dispatches From A Vanishing World, will be published in April of next year. In his 1982 book, Russian Blood, he traced back dozens of generations of his family's Russian nobility. The Schoumatoff family were enobled under Peter the Great. His paternal grandmother, <mask>, was a portrait artist who was painting President Franklin Roosevelt when he collapsed before her with a cerebral hemorrhage and she escorted his mistress Lucy Rutherford away from the scene before the media arrived. At the time of the Soviet Revolution, her brother was an artist and the world's top lepidopterist. His paternal grandfather was the business manager of the company that developed the helicopter and the first passenger airplane. His grandfather was a Colonel in the cavalry guard.<mask> was an engineer who designed many of the paper mills around the world, an entomologist, and the author of the books Europe's Mountain Center and Around the Roof of the World. In New York, <mask> was born. He grew up in an exurban enclave of old-line WASPs that is now mostly inhabited by famous people and business leaders. He taught middle-school science in his mid-twenties at the local country-day school. After graduating from eighth grade, the family moved to London where they spent summers in Switzerland's Bernese Oberland. Nick and his father took them up major peaks in the Alps. When he was four years old, his parents sent him to a summer camp in Gstaad, Switzerland, where he learned to speak French.He was the captain of the squash team at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, where he was at the top of his class, and he was profiled in 1996 by John Kerry. He was sent to Harlem to take lessons from the Reverend Gary Davis after he was impressed with recordings by the South Carolina blues man Pink Anderson. Davis would be the subject of a magazine piece for the first time. He was accepted to Harvard. He was on the Harvard Lampoon and studied poetry writing with Robert Lowell. His senior year roommates were the founder of National Lampoon and co-scriptor of Animal House and Caddyshack. After graduating from the Vietnam War, <mask> wanted to be a writer and was influenced by Bob Dylan.After working for The Washington Post as a night police reporter and having a draft classification of I-A, he enlisted into a Marine Corps reserve intelligence unit that trained him to be parachuted behind the Iron Curtain. He attended Russian Language school in Monterey, California. He fell in with the counterculture of the late 1960s. He turned to his New York City guitar teacher, the Reverend Gary Davis, who made him a minister in a heated moment in a store-front church. He was able to get an honorable, IV-D discharge from the Marines and not have to go to Vietnam. Instead of returning to the Washington Post and becoming its Moscow correspondent, which the newspaper's editor Benjamin Bradlee had offered, <mask> and his girlfriend moved to an old farm in New Hampshire. He taught French at a college and drove a school bus.He moved to northern California after he broke up with the girl, where he played music around bonfires and wrote more songs. He sold his profile of Gary Davis to Rolling Stone and got a song-writing contract with the manager of Joan Baez. He went to New York City to perform his songs but ended up writing for magazines. He married his editor's assistant after writing a piece about Florida in his first book. He was the resident astronomer at the Marsh Sanctuary in Mount Kisco. The marriage lasted only two years, and after turning in his second book, <mask> left for the Amazon Rainforest. He spent nine months getting to a remote village that no one from the outside world had ever set foot in.The second book on the experience, The Rivers Amazon, was published by Sierra Club Press and was compared to the classics by reviewers. He found out that his Westchester book had been taken by The New Yorker and joined its staff in 1978. He wrote pieces on pygmies in the Ituri Forest, and traced the legend, as The New York Times described him. Under the editorship of William Shawn, the style of "long fact writing" was developed at The New Yorker. Shawn encouraged his writers to pursue their interests in detail, a practice used to provide comprehensive reporting about often little-known but fascinating and important subjects, and to fill the weekly magazine's pages. 500 of the little red Chinese and laterStaples notebooks have been filled with 200,000 pages by <mask>, who began recording everything that he was told or observed. Shoumatoff attempts to give the best of his ability, "the full picture, in all its complexity and ambiguity," and submits long pieces, much to the displeasure of editors.Most of his books, beginning with Florida Ramble, and continuing to his last published book, are portraits of a place (a state, a county, a rainforest, a desert), and often originated with a magazine article. They identify and present elements that they believe make the place the way it is: flora and fauna; natural, cultural, and political history; local dialects and belief systems. His writing is often characterized by a fascination with "the Other", a dislike of the modern consumer culture, and a large amount of detail that he developed at the New Yorker. Edward Hoagland described him as an "admirably protean, encyclopedic, and indefatigable" writer. His work often crosses with work in cultural anthropology. He works with a lot of specialists. In 1986 <mask> wrote his first piece for Vanity Fair, about the murder of Dian Fossey, which was made into the movie Gorillas in the Mist, and was considered to be one of the magazine's stars.He wrote an account of the fall of the dictator in Paraguay, which was the sole subject of Brown's introduction to the issue, and in 1987 he tried to find the source of the AIDS virus in central Africa, which he developed into the book African Madness. The World Is Burning was optioned by Robert Redford in 1990. He was interested in golf in the early 1990s and had a column in the magazine. In 1994 his golf buddies discussed rumors of Clinton's extra-marital affairs prior to the Monica Lewinsky scandal, as well as another piece about playing with O.J. Simpson. He profiled the Thurmans for a cover feature in Vanity Fair. The tabloid T.V. had <mask> on it. The shows are Inside Edition and E!There is a true Hollywood story. Rosette Rwigamba was married to <mask> in 1990. In 1997, his book was named a New York Times notable book and was on Time magazine and New York Posts top ten books. He wrote about global warming and the defeat of the USA's endorsement of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. Many of the places that he had been writing about since the 1970s had been changed by the West's appetite for goods, so in 2001 <mask> strengthened his focus on the environment and an interest in creating a written record of these places. During the 2008 Pennsylvania primary election, NPR's All Things Considered featured a song from the first musical album recorded by <mask> and Kate McGarrigle. Since 1998 <mask> has lived in Montreal and is still active in magazines and on speaker circuits.<mask> wrote A Writer Looks At His Career, about his early life and changes in American and world society he has lived through. <mask> at the New Yorker1946 births American male journalists American nature writers American male non-fiction writers American political writers

masks:
Alexander Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Elizabeth Shoumatoff
Nicholas Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Shoumatoff
Alex Shoumatoff
Alex Shoumatoff


texts: <mask> was a German jurist and historian. Savigny derives its name from the castle of Savigny near Charmes in the valley of the Moselle, which was the birthplace of early life and education. Savigny was left as an orphan at the age of 13 and was brought up by a guardian until he entered the University of Marburg, where he studied under two professors who were pioneers in the reform of the German criminal. Savigny returned to Marburg after visiting several universities, and took his doctorate in 1800. He lectured on criminal law at Marburg. Savigny published a book about the law of possession. The old uncritical study of Roman law was brought to an end by it.It is a landmark in the history of jurisprudence. He married the sister of Bettina <mask> and the poet. He embarked on an extensive tour through France and south Germany in search of new sources of Roman law. Savigny was appointed full professor of Roman law. He was in this position for over a year and a half. He was appointed to the chair of Roman law at the new University of Berlin at the insistence of the man who appointed him. He took an active part in the creation of the Spruch-Collegium, which was created in connection with the faculty of law.This was the busiest time of his life. He lectured in the government of the university and was a tutor to the crown prince. <mask> befriended several people during his time in Berlin. <mask> wrote "Of the Vocation of our Age for Legislation and Legal Science" in 1814. Thibaut had argued for the creation of a unified legal code for Germany in an earlier pamphlet. Savigny argued that a codification of the law would have an adverse effect. The damage that had been caused by the neglect of former generations of jurists could not be quickly repaired and more time was needed to set the house in order.Natural law would almost certainly be influenced by a unified legal code. Savigny believed that legal science should be spared from the "hollow abstractions" of Christian Wolff's work. Savigny believes that the historical study of positive law is a condition precedent to right understanding of the science of all law. Savigny didn't oppose the introduction of new laws or a new system of laws, but he did think that the laws of any nation should reflect the national spirit. The Journal for Historical Legal Science was founded in 1814 by Savigny and others. There is a periodical in this area. I.P. 129 seq. Savigny made known to the world the discovery of the lost Institute of Gaius. Savigny said it was the work of Gaius, not the work of Ulpian. Savigny published the first volume of his History of Roman Law in the Middle Ages in 1814. He was compelled to write this work by his instructor. Savigny wanted it to be a literary history of Roman law. His design was narrowed in some respects and widened in others.The science of law was disturbed by the separation of nationalities in the 16th century. Savigny covered the history of Roman law from the breaking up of the empire until the beginning of the 12th century in the first volume. Roman law was considered dead until it reappeared in Bologna and other Italian cities. Savigny was a member of the commission for organizing the provincial estates and a member of the department of justice. He became a member of the supreme court of appeal in 1819. He was a member of the commission for revising the code. He sought relief in travel because of his nervous illness.Savigny began his work on Roman law in 1835. The head of the Prussian legal system was appointed the High Chancellor in March 1842. Several important law reforms were carried out in this position. He held the office until he resigned. On the occasion of obtaining his doctor's degree in 1850, five volumes of his Vermischte Schriften (Miscellaneous Writings) were published. <mask> was the founder of modern jurisprudence. The two volumes of his treatise on the law of obligations were published in 1854 and 1856.He argued for the necessity of historical treatment of law in a supplement to his work on modern Roman law. Savigny died in Berlin. <mask> <mask> was a minister of foreign affairs. Prussia was represented in important diplomatic transactions by him. Savigny is part of the German historical school of jurists, founded by Gustav Hugo, and served a role in its consolidation. Savigny's best known works are the Recht des Besitzes and the Beruf unserer Zeit fr Gesetzung. The juridical method of the Romans was regained with the help of the Recht des Besitzes.It was seen as a great advancement in both method and results, and rendered a large body of literature obsolete. Savigny said that Roman law had always referred to "usucapion" or "Interdicts". The immunity from interference is based on the consciousness of unlimited power and does not include a right to continuation in possession. The Roman jurists created these and other proposition. Savigny's conclusions didn't meet with universal praise. They were opposed by others. Savigny argued that law is a part of national life.The idea that law can be imposed on a country regardless of its state of civilization and history was common to French 18th century jurists. Savigny believes that the theory of jurisprudence cannot be divorced without injury to both. The English translation of Savigny's Treatise on Possession: Or, the Jus Possessionis of the Civil Law was published in 1948. London: S. Sweet. Abridged English translation. There is possession in the civil law. The Text of the Title on Possession from the Digest was added from the Treatise of <mask>vigny.Calcutta: Thacker. The English translation is "Of the Vocation of our Age for Legislation and Jurisprudence". Littlewood is in London. The English translation of Volume 1 is "System of the Modern Roman Law, Volume I". Madras: Higginbotham. "Jural Relations: Or, The Roman Law of Persons as Subjects of Jural Relations" is an English translation by Henry Rattigan. It was wild in London."Private International Law" is an English translation of Volume 8. There is a conflict of laws. T & T Clark are in London. There is a bibliography. There are complete works and editions from Savigny at ParalipomenaIuris.

masks:
Friedrich Carl von Sagny
von Arnim
Savigny
Savigny
Savigny
Karl Friedrich
von Savigny
von Sa


texts: He is an American billionaire investor, hedge fund manager, and author. He believes in value investing. He is the chief executive and portfolio manager of the Baupost Group. He follows the investment philosophy of Benjamin Graham and is known for buying unpopular assets while they are cheap, seeking a margin of safety and profiting from any rise in price. He has realized a 20% compounded return on investment since his fund's inception in 1982. He has $27 billion in assets. He is the 15th highest earning hedge fund manager in the world with a personal fortune of US$ 1.5 billion.He was a member of the Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame. He is known as the "Oracle of Boston" because he has drawn many comparisons to fellow value investor Warren Buffet. On May 21, 1957, <mask> was born in New York City. He moved to the Mt. when he was six. The race course is located in the Washington area of Baltimore. His mother was a social worker and his father was a public health economist. When he was four years old, he redecorated his room to match a retail store and gave an oral presentation to his fifth grade class about buying a stock.He had a variety of small business ventures as he grew older, including a paper route, a snow cone stand, and a snow shoveling business. He bought his first stock when he was 10 years old, one share of Johnson & Johnson, and the stock split three-for-one and over time tripled his initial investment. He bought a share of Johnson & Johnson because he used a lot of band-aids in the past. He used to call his broker to get stock quotes. At Cornell University, Klarman was interested in majoring in mathematics but decided to pursue economics. He graduated magna cum laude with a minor in history. He belonged to the Delta Chi Fraternity.He was introduced to Max Heine and Michael Price while he was at the mutual shares fund. After graduating from college, he went back to work for the company for 18 months before going to business school. He was a Baker Scholar at Harvard Business School and was classmates with Jeffrey Immelt, Steve Burke, Stephen Mandel, James Long, and Jamie Dimon. After graduating from business school, he founded The Baupost Group. The name was decided on before Klarman joined the project. The fund was started with US$ 27 million in start up capital after Poorvu asked Klarman and his associates to manage some money he had raised from the selling of his share in a local television station. His starting salary was considered low to alternative job offers, and he recalled that the other founders were taking a big risk on a relatively inexperienced person.Baupost badgered Goldman Sachs salesmen with so many questions that they were afraid to pick up the phone if they saw that he was calling. After learning that a London-based hedge fund was forced to liquidate more than a billion dollars of their assets, Klarman decided to open up his fund to new investors and raise $4 billion in capital. After the collapse of AIG and Lehman Brothers, he invested heavily in the equity markets, buying $100 million in stocks and other assets per day. He bought many distressed securities and bonds while the market was down. By early 2009, after Washington Mutual was acquired by JPMorgan Chase, the bonds of the company were returning double digit figures for Baupost. Overall, Klarman's bond position appreciated 25%, but his fund lost money during the financial crisis. Although many hedge funds faced negative returns and low performance during the crisis, Klarman saw increased equity positions and described it as a "fortuitous time" for the fund's capital gains.He bought a stake in Ed Eskandarian in order to get a minority share in the Red Sox. In the wake of the financial crisis of 2007, Klarman began buying distressed credits. The bonds of CIT Group were purchased for 65 cents on the dollar with a yield rate of 15%. After the company went into prepared bankruptcy, as Baupost began lending it money via a loan, Carl Icahn gave a loan of $6 billion to the CIT Group but backed out of the deal a week later. The Baupost group securities were valued at 80 cents to the dollar for their debt in CIT Group. Shortly after the CIT deal was finalized, Klarman amassed a stake in a new bio-tech company called FacetBiotech at an average cost of $9 a share. FacetBiotech had $17 a share in net cash at the time.When stocks are spun off of their parent companies, they become cheap and ignored. Abbott Laboratories asked for a $27 per share settlement when Biogen tried to take the company over. The fund finished the year up +27%). The fund had US$31 billion in assets. eBay has a value of US$1.48 billion in 2020. He has stated that he has known he was one since he was a junior in college. He stated during an interview at Harvard Business School that value investing is something that is in his blood.There are people who don't have the discipline or patience to do it. I think it's genetic. He said that value investing is intellectually elegant and that he drives his fund's overall investment strategy. You're buying things. All the studies show that it works. People who chase growth lose because they paid a premium price. They lose to people who are more disciplined.It's easy to talk in the abstract, but in reality you see situations where an ignored, neglected, or abhorred company may be just as attractive as others in the same industry. As a holder of the stock, you will have the wind at your back when the discount is corrected. During the Financial crisis of 2007, Klarman criticized the short-term thinking of other fund managers, and he believes that the "this-time-is-different" mindset will give a false sense of security to investors. The economy's business cycles have a predestined and self-corrective tendency. 30% to 50% of his funds are in cash to avoid unfavorable market conditions and only buys stocks he thinks have a suitable mispricing. He buys unpopular assets, uses complex derivatives, and buys put options. During his first years running Baupost, he made it a point to only invest in companies that were not widely accepted by the Wall Street community; he stressed managing risk and using the margin of safety.He is a very conservative investor and holds a lot of cash in his investment portfolios. He has achieved high returns despite his unconventional strategies. He can assume shares with a margin of safety by looking for companies that are traded at a discount. When companies are distressed or face low growth, the fund usually goes "bargain hunting." When energy stocks were falling, his firm started looking for deals. According to Institutional Investor, "Klarman has succeeded by deftly exploiting under-valued markets whether they are in equities, junk bonds, bankruptcies, foreign bonds or real estate." In an interview with Charlie Rose, Klarman states that he does not use a computer system that tracks market data.Due to his long-term strategy, Klarman is not interested in daily price fluctuations. William Lawrence has been racing horses with Horse Racing Klarman. Cloud Computing won the Preakness Stakes. The Outstanding Owner category at the Eclipse Awards was won by Klarman and Lawrence due to their horse Bricks and Mortar. Klarman keeps a low profile in his personal life. He lives in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts with his wife and three children. <mask> is a professor at Harvard Law School.While registered as an independent voter, Klarman has donated to both the Democratic and Republican parties. Since the election of Donald Trump, he has mostly donated to Democrats. He runs a foundation with his wife that gives to philanthropic causes. The foundation has $700 million in assets. Pro-democracy initiatives include supporting groups that protect journalists, fight against bigotry, and advocate for LGBT rights. The Ending Spending Fund is one of the political non-profits that Klarman supports. I'm a complicated guy and I'm fairly nuanced in my views.I'm trying to do the right thing for the country. He gave the maximum donation of $5,400 to Hillary Clinton's campaign, stating that Donald Trump is completely unqualified for the highest office in the land. A letter to members of his fund that denounced the upcoming investing climate was released after the inauguration of U.S. President Donald Trump. Exuberant investors have focused on the potential benefits of stimulative tax cuts while ignoring the risks from America-first protectionism and the erection of new trade barriers. President Trump may be able to temporarily hold off the sweep of automation and globalization by encouraging companies to keep jobs at home, but bolstering inefficient and uncompetitive enterprises is likely to only temporarily stave off market forces. "I think democracy is at stake, and maybe I'll be able to convince some other people," he told The New York Times in September. In September of last year, Klarman told the Times that he had already contributed $5 million to nearly 150 candidates, including Representative Joe Kennedy III, Senate candidate Beto O'Rourke and Senator Gillibrand.The House and Senate need to be turned into a check on Donald Trump. He feels betrayed by "spineless" Republicans who have been "profiles in cowardice" and believes the only option is to act as a check and balance. The Times of Israel is a pro-Israel organization. The Foundation for Defense of Democracies, the Israel Project, Birthright Israel and Middle East Forum are some of the organizations that <mask> has supported. He is the 15th highest earning hedge fund manager in the world with a personal fortune of US$ 1.5 billion. The Klarman Family Foundation has $225 million in assets and donates to medical causes, Jewish organizations, and Israeli causes. Facing History and Ourselves develops classroom programs to fight anti-Semitism and bigotry.The Israel Project collects and provides information on Israel for journalists. He gave $4 million to the organization. The Times of Israel is an online English-language newspaper which reports on Israel, the region and the Jewish world. The lead capital was donated by Klarman in order to build the humanities building at Cornell University. He donated money to Harvard Business School to build a conference center. It opened last year. Cornell University received a donation of funds to establish a new program called the Klarman Fellowships.In 2008, Awards Klarman's hedge fund was the 6th largest in the world and he was called a "hedge fund titan" and a "quiet giant of investing". According to Andrew Ross Sorkin of The New York Times, Kluman is the most successful and influential investor you have never heard of. He was listed as "an enigma in the investing world" in his Investopedia entry. He is sometimes referred to as the Warren Buffet of his generation. According to The New York Times, Warren Buffet keeps a copy of his book on his bookshelf. He was a member of the Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame. Klarman has written many annual letters to shareholders but has kept a limited role in writing articles, op-eds or books.Margin of Safety, Risk Averse Investing Strategies for the Thoughtful Investor is a reflection of value investing found in his hedge fund. In the book, he outlines the various issues with retail investing, and critiques small time investors getting into the market purely using metrics such as share price momentum and losing money in the long run. He believes that this is speculation and should be discouraged in the marketplace. More people should follow the principles of value investing if they invest in stocks that trade below their underlying value so as to purchase them at a discount according to the book. The book had a cult following. The book is out of print and has become a relic in the finance community. Due to it being out of print, the book has a market price of $700 for used versions, with newer copies going for $2,500 to $4,000.The book is one of the most wait-listed titles as well as one most claimed as lost. The book might be brought back for a charity event. The 6th edition of Benjamin Graham and David Dodd's Security Analysis was edited by him. The list of Cornell University alumni includes Warren Buffet and Charlie Munger, fellow value investors.

masks:
Klarman
Michael Klarman
Klarman


texts: In the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China, a military general by the name of Yide was called <mask>. The brothers, who were among the earliest to join, shared a brotherly relationship with their lord and accompanied him on most of his early exploits. The Red Cliffs campaign, the takeover of Yi Province, and the Hanzhong Campaign all took place on the side of Liu Bei. After only a few months in the state of Shu Han, he was assassinated by his subordinates. The events before and during the Three Kingdoms period are dramatised in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. At the beginning of the novel, the Oath of the Peach Garden, <mask>i became a sworn brother to the other two, and remained faithful to his oath until his death. There is a person from Zhuo Commandery.After the end of the Eastern Han dynasty in the 180s, he and Guan Yu became his followers. He was regarded as an elder brother by <mask> as he was several years older than him. The Majors of Separate Command were under the control of the Chancellor, who was later appointed as the Chancellor of Pingyuan State by the Han central government. The three of them shared a brotherly relationship and shared the same room. The two men stood guard beside the man when he sat down. They protected him from danger. There was a conflict between L Bu and the Governor of the province.He led his forces to counter an invasion by Yuan Shu. He left <mask> behind to guard the capital of the province. For reasons unknown, <mask> wanted to kill a former officer. After fleeing back to his own camp, he sent a messenger to L Bu, who was taking shelter under Liu Bei. L Bu led his forces to seize control of the area. He fled after losing to L Bu. L Bu's offer to move to Xiaopei was reluctantly accepted by Liu Bei, who returned to Xu Province, which was under L Bu's control.There was a point of conflict between L Bu and Liu Bei. The Han central government was controlled by a warlord. After defeating L Bu at the Battle of Xiapi in 198, they returned to the imperial capital. The General of the Household was appointed in Xu. In 199, in order to escape from Cao's watch, Liu Bei pretended to volunteer to lead an army to attack Yuan Shu. He killed Che Zhou, the provincial governor, and took control of the province again. In the following year, Cao led his forces to take back control of the province.After his defeat, Liu Bei fled to Ji Province, where he hid under a rival. In order to get support from local rebels in Runan in his war against Cao Cao, he pretended to help Yuan Shao. He found shelter under the governor. He was put in charge of the county on the northern border. It's not known if the man who followed the other man after the defeat of the other man is the same man who was separated from the other man after the defeat of the other man. The Battle of Changban, also known as the Red Cliffs campaign, was launched after the death of Liu Biao. In the meantime,Liu Biao's elder son,Liu Qi, took control of Xiakou and led his followers towards it.He was worried that Jiangling County would be occupied before he did. He immediately ordered his troops to leave behind their heavy equipment and baggage. The younger son and successor to the Biao family, Liu Cong, surrendered to his father without resistance. A 5,000-strong elite cavalry force was led by Cao Cao after he learned that Liu Bei had passed by. After travelling over 300 li in just one day and one night, Cao and his riders attacked the other. During the battle, Liu Bei abandoned his family and fled with a small group of soldiers. Many of the followers and equipment of the man were captured by the forces of the man.The horsemen covered the retreat. He glared at the enemy and shouted "I'm <mask>" after he destroyed the bridge. You can fight me to the death! The soldiers did not dare to approach him. They were able to retreat safely. The Battle of Red Cliffs took place in the early 20th century and resulted in the defeat of Cao Cao. He took control of the southern part of the province.The General Who Attacks Barbarians and Administrator of Yidu Commandery were appointed by <mask>. He was the ruler of the village. He became the Administrator of Nan Commandery. The Yi Province campaign was launched in order to counter the advances of a rival warlord,<mask> of Hanzhong Commandery. He left the others behind to guard the province. Lady Sun was married to the brother of Sun Quan to strengthen the alliance between them. Lady Sun was arrogant because of her brother's influence.They were afraid of her. When Sun Quan heard that his sister had left for Yi Province, he sent a vessel to get her home. Lady Sun tried to bring along the son of a friend, but she was stopped by two men and they were able to get him. The campaign to seize Yi Province from the other side began in the early 20th century. The reinforcements were ordered to help the man, while the man remained behind to defend the province. Along the way, Jiangzhou was defended by a military officer. He captured the man after defeating him.When my army showed up, why did you resist? You people launched an unwarranted attack on my home province. There are no generals who will surrender in my province. The man ordered the execution of the man. If you want to chop off my head, then do it! What's going on with that angry expression? He treated him like an honoured guest after he was released because he was so impressed with his courage.They rendezvoused with the others at the capital city of Yi Province, Chengdu. In 214, Yi Province was given to Liu Bei. Each of the five received 500 jin of gold, 1,000 jin of silver, 50 million coins, and 1,000 rolls of silk. The Administrator of Baxi Commandery was appointed by <mask>i. Hanzhong Commandery came under his control after the battle of Baxi in 215. While he was back in Ye, he left the others behind to defend Hanzhong. The aim of the attack was to force the residents of Baxi to move to Hanzhong Commandery.His army passed through three counties and encountered a group of troops. Both sides held their positions for over 50 days, after which the leader of the elite soldiers took an alternative route to attack the leader of the other side. The army was divided into two because the troops at the front and rear were not able to communicate with each other. A group of men escaped on foot through a shortcut and retreated back to the village. The peace was restored. In 217, in order to seize control of Hanzhong Commandery, he personally led a campaign. Wudu Commandery was defended by a group of people, and he ordered that they attack it.The ruse of pretending that they were going to seal the retreat route was too much for Cao Hong, as he saw through it and the campaign was over. The "King of Hanzhong" was proclaimed by the victor in the Hanzhong Campaign in 219. The General of the Right was appointed by him. He wanted to leave a veteran general behind to guard Hanzhong. Many people thought that <mask>i would be the one to take this responsibility. However, to everyone's surprise, the Administrator of Hanzhong was chosen by the man. The state of Shu Han was founded in the year 221.He promoted him to the position of General of Chariots and Cavalry and Colonel-Director of Retainers. In late 219, Sun Quan broke his alliance with Liu Bei and sent his general L Meng to lead an invasion of his territories, which resulted in the death of Guan Yu. The campaign to take revenge against Sun Quan was launched around July or August of this year. The troops were ordered to rendezvous with the main force at Jiangzhou. As they defected to Sun Quan's side, Fan Qiang and <mask> decapitated their commander and brought his head with them. He exclaimed "Oh!" when he heard that the adjutant had sent him a report. The person is dead.The posthumous name "Marquis Huan" was granted in October or November of 260. In the year 200, Xiahou Yuan's niece was kidnapped by the man who chanced upon her. She was 13 years old at the time. He married her because he knew she was a good child. She gave birth to two daughters, who later married a man and became known as the "Emperor Jing'ai" of the state of Shu. The younger sister of Empress <mask> Fei died at a young age.The son of a man served as a Master of Writing. He was killed in action while defending Mianzhu from Deng Ai during the Conquest of Shu. The Palace Attendant and the Supervisor of the Masters of Writing were both held by the second son, <mask>. When Deng Ai officially surrendered to the Shu regime in 263, the Shu emperor ordered the three of them to represent him. After the fall of Shu, there were many former Shu officials who were enfeoffed as marquis. They were praised as mighty warriors capable of fighting thousands of enemies. They were like tigers.There are two people who have the style of aguoshi. A man repaid a man's kindness and another man released a man out ofrighteousness. However, both of them were brutal and cruel. These failures resulted in their downfalls. This was not new. Cheng Yu once mentioned that the two men were capable of fighting thousands of enemies. Chen Shou wrote in the main text of the biography that he respected people and detested those who were not.The man once told the man: "You have dealt with far too excessive punishments." The men you flog are the ones who will carry out your orders. Your actions will get you in trouble. He didn't change his ways. They both had a reputation as great warriors. The officials from other kingdoms referred to them as warriors who are a match for ten thousand men and generals with the might of bears and tigers. It was the extent of their fame.The Australian sinologist, Rafe de Crespigny, commented on the fact that the man of literary tastes who composed verse in the midst of battle, but he is more generally known as arrogant, impetuous and brutal. While Guan Yu was said to be harsh towards men of the gentry but treated his soldiers well,<mask>i was courteous towards the virtuous but cruel to his rank and file. The two men were considered to be the best fighting men of their generation. In the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a panther's head, eight spans tall, huge round eyes, and a swallow's jowls were described as the physical appearance of a person. Both names have the same pronunciation in Mandarin, but the courtesy name is written in Chinese. From time to time, his judgment was affected by his obsession with alcohol, as he was described to be an alcoholic. In the novel, <mask>i was shown to be an exceedingly loyal and formidable warrior, but also a short-tempered man who got into trouble more often when he wasn't on the battlefield.His weapon was a "1.8 Zhang long refined steel spear", which was also called a "1.8 Zhang long serpent spear", meaning "spear as long as a 1.8 Zhang serpent" or later "1.8 Zhang spear with serpent-shaped head". There are some fake stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, including the Battle of Hulao Pass Battle of Changban and the Oath of the Peach Garden. The Kunqu stage has a hualian on it. The Swaying Reeds ambush and humiliate Zhou Yu before setting him free in a famous scene. <mask>, a general in the National Revolutionary Army, was nicknamed "<mask>i". In 1959 the marshal of the People's Liberation Army identified himself with another person. Mao and other members of the Chinese Communist Party interpreted Peng's identification with <mask> as threatening and ended his career.Notable actors who have portrayed <mask> in films and television series include: Li Jingfei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1994); Chen Zhihui in Three Kingdoms: Resurrection of the Dragon 2008; Zang Jinsheng in Red Cliff 2008; and Kang Kai in Three Kingdoms. In the Dynasty Warriors video game series, as well as the Warriors Orochi video game, there is a character named <mask>. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the video games he appears in. Three Kingdoms: Fate of the Dragon is one of the non-Koei titles that he is featured in. The Bangalore Review featured the creative nonfiction travel essay 'Facing <mask>: Hero or Villain or Man'. The narrative follows the movements of an Australian writer in the ancient town of Langzhong, which was ruled by a Chinese person. The piece mixes insights of contemporary Chinese culture, critique relating to the Three Kingdoms period, and the theme of heroism.There is a card named "<mask>i, Fierce Warrior" in the Portal Three Kingdoms set of Magic: The Gathering. The Pokémon Emboar was based on another person. There are lists of people of the Three Kingdoms. There are records of the Three Kingdoms. The 14th century. The Three Kingdoms have a romance. Pei was born in the 5th century.There are annotations to the records of the Three Kingdoms. The year of birth is unknown, but there were 221 deaths in the 2nd century.

masks:
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Yide
Zhang Fei
Zhang Lu
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fe
Zhang Da
JingZhang
Zhang Shao
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fakui
Zhang Fe
Zhang
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe


texts: An independent photographer based in New Delhi, India, <mask> is born in 1955. He is well-known for his photography, as well as for his management of MediaWeb, a software company specializing in photo database solutions and server-based digital archives. He was a recipient of the Government of India's highest award. He was given the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. The older of two siblings was born on December 18, 1955 in New Delhi, India. One of the country's leading art critics, as well as a painter, poet, and photographer, was <mask>, his father. One of the founding members of Yatrik, a theatre company, was his mother, Rati Batra.His father taught English at Modern School. He adopted the camera instead of going to school. He took pictures of his family, friends, and cities when he was young. He participated in the city's emerging theatre scene and even produced, in the 70s, a series of events based on rock music accompanied with slide and film projection and live performers. To make ends meet, and to finance his photo documentary projects, he worked in advertising and as a stills photographer, most notably on the sets of Gandhi. In 1975, he was awarded the first prize for his series "Time is the mercy of eternity," on the plight of morphine users in India. From 1984 until 2000 <mask> was represented by the French-American news photo agency, Gamma Liaison, which he used to cover conflicts and developments in the South Asian region.His photographs were published in a number of magazines. He covered the aftermath of the assassination of Indira Gandhi, the Hindu-Sikh riots, the rise of the Khalistani movement, the political career of Rajiv Gandhi, and the funeral of Mother Teresa. He won the World Press Photo of the Year in 1985 for his image of a half-buried child victim of the Bhopal disaster. In his father's darkroom, <mask> had his first photography lessons. I was with him in the darkroom when we went to the summerhouse. That was amazing. He did not teach me anything specific about photography.<mask> said in an interview that he took from him the need to be a more sophisticated man like him. He started taking pictures of his friends and family on the streets when he was a teenager. In 1979 and 1980 he exhibited photographs from this body of work at Art Heritage Gallery, New Delhi and the Jehangir Art Gallery, Bombay. In July 2007, Outside In: A Tale of Three Cities, a retrospective revisiting of the same archive of photographs from his teenage diary, was shown at Rencontres d'Arles. The show went to the National Museum, New Delhi, the National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai, Bodhi Art, New York and Bodhi Berlin. The 12th showing of the series was at Chobimela VII in Bangladesh. He received a number of grants, including one from the Asian Cultural Council, New York, to photograph Indian immigrants in the USA, and one from the Institute of Comparative Studies in Human Culture, Norway, to photograph the Naga tribes in India.He ran a photography workshop for emerging photographers in India with the help of the World Press Photo Foundation. His photo essays include "The Chinese in Calcutta", "The Indians in America", and "The Naga Tribes of Northeast India". He won a World Press Photo of the Year award for his picture of a little girl being buried in the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. The first solo exhibitions of <mask> in New Delhi in 1980 and Bombay in 1981 dealt with the marginal worlds he inhabited at that time. The month of photography in Tokyo was where he exhibited in 2005. He exhibited at the Rencontres d'Arles photography festival in France and the Newark Museum's Indian Photography and Video Festival. Netphotograph has an archive of photos from Teenage Work "outside in, 70s & 80s, A tale of 3 cities".

masks:
Pablo Bartholomew
Richard Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Bartholomew


texts: Baroness <mask> is a British politician, businesswoman and Liberal Democrat member of the House of Lords. Prior to entering politics, <mask> was a successful businesswoman who owned and operated a chain of lighting and electrical shops in London. Before being nominated for a peerage in the Dissolution Peerages List 2015, she was a Member of Parliament for Hornsey and Wood Green from 2005 to 2015. On 20 October, she was created as Baroness <mask>. In 2010 she was appointed as a Home Office Minister with responsibility for criminal information and equalities and in 2012 she was promoted to Minister with responsibility for International Development. She was the chair of the Liberal Democrats technology board. As originator and architect of the same sex marriage law during the coalition, <mask> launched the consultation by the UK Government on introducing same-sex marriage and was the first politician to take part in the Out4Marriage campaign.<mask> was born and raised in North London and attended a number of schools, including Highgate Primary School, the independent South Hampstead High School and Oxford Polytechnic. Her parents started a chain of lighting and electrical shops in London. Over a decade ago, the business was sold. Prior to entering politics, <mask> was a successful businesswoman who owned and ran a chain of lighting and electrical shops in London. In 1998 <mask> was elected to represent Muswell Hill Ward in the London Borough of Haringey. June Andersen and Julia Glenn were the first three Liberal Democrats to be elected. She was the Leader of the Liberal Democrat Group on the Council.In the 2006 local elections in Haringey, Labour's majority was cut from 25 to 3, with 30 Labour Councillors elected to 27 Liberal Democrats. She was a Member of the London Assembly from 2000 to 2005 and Chair of the London Assembly Transport Committee. She served on the London Assembly for five years and was a member of the Metropolitan Police Authority. She was replaced by another person. In the 2008 election, <mask> was promoted as a potential Liberal Democrat candidate for Mayor of London. She stated in response to a poll that she would back Brian Paddick. She finished third in the 1997 general election for the Hornsey and Wood Green seat, behind the winner <mask>e with a majority of 2,395 votes. She made her first speech in Parliament. She was appointed to the environment audit select committee by Charles Kennedy. Chris Huhne's unsuccessful campaign to be leader of the Liberal Democrats was co-chaired by her. She was promoted to number two in the home affairs team after the election of Menzies Campbell as party leader. She became the Shadow International Development Secretary for the Liberal Democrat in December of 2006 and was succeeded by Tom Brake two months later.Chris Huhne's leadership election campaign was chaired by her again in 2007. The new leader of the Liberal Democrat, Nick Clegg, made her Youth and Equalities spokeswoman. The bill to legalise same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom was passed through the Commons despite Conservative opposition. She received a score of 93% in favor of lesbian, gay and bisexual equality. She lost her seat in the general election. Haringey Council initiated an internal audit after the death of Peter Connelly. The Executive Summary of the report was immediately released after the court case had finished.The report's full details have not been made public. "I personally met with George Meehan and Ita O'Donovan, Haringey Council's Leader and Chief Executive, to raise with them three different cases, where the pattern was in each case Haringey seeming to want." Despite repeated requests for news on progress, I was stonewalled. In November 2008, at Prime Minister's Questions, Featherstone asked the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, to order an inquiry into the case. One of the researchers at Featherstone received a hoax email about a date rape drug. The Labour Government Minister was asked what assessment he had made of the use of Progesterex in cases of date rape. The subject of a hoax e-mail caused Paul Goggins to reply that progesterex did not exist.In 1999 the hoax began. The Minister needs to do more to discover the monster who sends them out, according to Featherstone. However, critics such as fellow Liberal Democrat James Graham castigated Featherstone's conduct in "criticising the Home Office for not having a response to made up drugs and made up crimes", stating "trivialising rape in this way without bothering to do basic research first doesn' She came to the attention of the national media in 2008 when she was criticized by a Conservative Member of the London Assembly for calling the emergency number. Coleman referred to her as a "dizzy airhead", <mask> called his comments "sexist" and "political" in nature. If it's obvious that there has been an ongoing problem with the boiler, you can call a plumbing company. If your boiler starts making strange noises in the middle of the night, call the fire brigade.The editor of The Observer should have been sacked for publishing a "rant against the trans community" in Julie Burchill's column which she described as "bigoted vomit" according to her. <mask> wants to ban topless models from appearing on The Sun newspaper's Page 3. An employee in <mask>'s office over-ordered stationery in one month. Featherstone returned all of the items that were over-ordered. If I wasn't replying to people and telling them what's happened about the casework they have brought to me, there would be howls of protest. You can judge my use of expenses by the Telegraph. They called me a saint.The Daily Telegraph listed <mask> as one of the "saints" in the expenses scandal. She was appointed as a Minister in the Home Office as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Criminal Information and Equalities. Despite Home Secretary Theresa May being noted for not favouring homosexual equality, <mask> caused waves by pre-announcing her appointment prior to the official announcement. In December 2010,<mask> introduced a move that would allow positive discrimination in order to address female under-representation in the workforce. It will allow a manager to hire a black man over a white man, a homosexual man over a heterosexual man if they have the same skill set. The plans were not about "political correctness, or red tape, or quota" and would help make the workplace fair. Men make terrible decisions when they are in charge according to Featherstone.Speaking at the Liberal Democrat Party Conference, <mask> blamed men for the mess the world was in, and commentators drew parallels with comments by one of his predecessors. Her comments were considered particularly inappropriate since she is a minister in charge of ending sexism. Priti said the comments were really ill-thought out. Equalities Minister has to be neutral about the value that both men and women bring to decision-making. According to Elizabeth Day of The Observer newspaper, the notion that women are not as aggressive as men, that we would all just sit around a table eating red velvet cupcakes and talking out the world's problems rather than firing off phallic-shaped nuclear weapons is offensive. On September 5, 2012 she was confirmed as the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for International Development. She supported the Liberal Democrat policy to prosecute those responsible for cases where girls are sent abroad to have female genital mutilation carried out in the UK.She went back to the Home office after being promoted to Minister of State for Crime Prevention. She wrote a book about her role in establishing legal same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom. In the "Rising Stars" category of the Channel 4 political awards, <mask> did not win. She has been nominated for a prestigious award. For her work to support equality for lesbian, gay and bisexual people, <mask> was nominated for the 2012 Stonewall Politician of the Year Award. She received three awards for her work on same-sex marriage and work on LGBT rights. She was ranked 26 out of 50 on the list.Her nephew was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She married Stephen in Haringey in 1982, but divorced in 1996 with two children. Highgate is in London. She's Jewish. She is an associate of the National Secular Society. The website of the Liberal Democrats has a profile of people from Highgate and alumni of Oxford Brookes University.

masks:
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Barbara RocheFeatherstoneRoch
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone