texts: protested the high salary offered, and conservative defenders of the more traditional theatre also complained. What roles could she have? I can only imagine that she could play mothers. She turned to the playwright, who had written a new play for her, which featured a long and dramatic death scene at the end. The Porte Saint-Martin Theatre was the site of the play. It was very popular.The role was played for 29 consecutive sold-out performances. The success of the play allowed Bernhardt to buy a new pet lion. She named him after the villain. One of his most famous operas was inspired by the play. She acted in several revivals and classics after this success. She acted in a stage version of Emile Zola's Thérse Raquin. Zola was previously attacked because of the book's confronting content.She said to reporters, "My true country is the free air, and my vocation is art without constraints." The play ran for 38 performances. She did another traditional melodrama, Francillon, in the late 19th century. L'Aveu was a short drama that disappointed both critics and the audience. The actress played Joan of Arc, a 19-year-old martyr, in a film by Jules Barbier. Some of the most famous French operas of the period, including Faust by Charles Gounod and The Tales of Hoffmann, were written by Barbier. Her next success was a movie called Cleopatra, in which she wore elaborate costumes and had a memorable death scene.The poisonous asp which bites Cleopatra was played by two live garter snakes. She painted her hands red to make them look realistic. She said she would see them. It will be the hand of Cleopatra if I catch sight of it. A matron in the audience exclaimed "How unlike, how very unlike, the home life of our own dear Queen!" after seeing the violent portrayal of Cleopatra. The world tour was made to replenish her finances. She was the artistic director and lead actress of the Thétre de la Renaissance from 1893 until 1899.She managed every aspect of the theatre, from the finances to the lighting, sets, and costumes, as well as appearing in eight performances a week. She imposed a rule that women in the audience, no matter how wealthy or famous, had to take off their hats, so the rest of the audience could see, and eliminated the prompter's box from the stage, declaring that actors should know their lines. The practice of hiring clowns in the audience to applaud stars was abolished by her. The first of a series of posters for her play Gismonda was designed by Czech artist Alphonse Mucha, who was hired by her to use the new technology of lithography to produce vivid color posters. He made posters of her for six years. Three of the nine plays produced by Bernhardt were financially successful. She took on tour around the world in a revival of her performance as Phédre.She played the male lead role in a Renaissance revenge drama written in 1834 by Alfred de Musset, but never before staged. Her male roles had sexless grace of the voices of choirboys, or the not quite real pathos of Pierrot, as her biographer wrote. "She formed out of her own self a young man who 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 One of Bernhardt's plays not finishing with a dramatic death scene was followed by another successful melodrama. She had a co-star who acted as her leading man until the end of her career. Constant Coquelin and douard de Max toured with her and she shared the stage with them. She played the lead role in a romantic and poetic fantasy in 1895.It wasn't a monetary success but it did start a long theatrical relationship between Bernhardt and Rostand. One of the most popular French playwrights of the period was Rostand. In 1898, she played the female lead in a controversial play by the Italian poet and playwright Gabriele D'Annunzio, which was fiercely attacked by critics because of its theme of incest between brother and sister. Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish army officer wrongly accused of betraying France, became an outspoken defender of Bernhardt. The issue divided Parisian society; a conservative newspaper ran the headline, "<mask>t has joined the Jews against the Army", and her son refused to speak to her for a year. At the Thétre de la Renaissance, Bernhardt staged and performed in several modern plays, but she was not a follower of the more natural school of acting that was coming into fashion at the end of the 19th century. "In the theatre, the natural is good, but the sublime is even better," she said.At the end of 1898, her debts had reached two million gold Swiss Francs. After giving up the Renaissance, she was about to go on another world tour when she learned that the Thétre des Nations was for lease. The theatre had 1,700 seats, twice the size of the Renaissance, which allowed her to pay off the cost of performances more quickly, and it had an enormous stage and backstage, which allowed her to present several different plays a week. She was 55 years old when she signed a 25-year lease with the City of Paris. She renovated the Thétre Sarah Bernhardt to fit her needs. The faade was lit with 5,700 electric bulbs and 17 arcs of lights. She completely redecorated the interior, replacing the red plush and gilt with yellow velvet, brocade, and white woodwork.The lobby was decorated with life-sized portraits of her in her most famous roles. After the success of her play L'Aiglon, her dressing room was a five-room suite with a marble fireplace and a huge bathtub filled with flowers. On January 21, 1899, the theatre was opened by Bernhardt with a revival of La Tosca. Her other major successes included Theodora, Gismonda, and La Dame aux Camélias. She played the role of Hamlet in a prose adaptation which she had commissioned from Eugne Morand and Marcel Schwob. She played Hamlet in a very feminine way. Her performance received mostly positive reviews in Paris.Her Hamlet was from first to last a truly grand dame according to the British critic Max Beerbohm. L'Aiglon was a new play by Rostand. The son of Napoleon Bonaparte was imprisoned by his mother and family until he died in the Schnbrunn Palace in Vienna. The drama was six acts long. The 56-year-old actress studied the walk and posture of young cavalry officers and had her hair cut short to impersonate the young Duke. Maria Legault is 14 years younger than the Duke's stage mother. According to one critic, she died as dying angels would die if they were allowed to.The play ran for nearly a year, with standing-room places selling for as much as 600 gold Swiss Francs, and it was popular with visitors to the 1900 Paris International Exposition. The play inspired the creation of Bernhardt souvenirs, including statuettes, fans, perfumes, postcards of her in the role, uniforms and cardboard swords for children, and pastries and cakes. Mucha was employed by Bernhardt to design posters, and he expanded his work to include theatrical sets, programs, costumes, and jewellery props. The Art Nouveau style became icons of his posters. To earn more money, Bernhardt set aside a certain number of printed posters of each play. She made her sixth tour to the United States after performing in London. Constant Coquelin was the most popular leading man in France.He co-stars with her as Flambeau in L'Aiglon and as the first grave-digger in Hamlet, as well as playing the secondary role of Roxanne in his Cyrano de Bergerac. For the first time, she changed her resolution not to perform in Germany or the "occupied territories" of Alsace and Lorraine. She was invited by the French ministry of culture to take part in the first cultural exchange between Germany and France since the 1870 war. Kaiser William II of Germany attended two performances of L'Aiglon and hosted a dinner in her honor. During her German tour, she began to experience pain in her right knee, which may have been caused by a fall she had on stage in South America. She had to reduce her movements. She was told by a German doctor that she should stop the tour immediately and have surgery on her leg.She continued the tour even though she promised to see a doctor. She was unsuccessful in playing a masculine character in the opera Werther in 1903. She came back with another hit, La Sorcire. She was persecution by the church because she played a Moorish sorceress in love with a Christian Spaniard. The story of tolerance, coming soon after the Dreyfus affair, was financially successful, with Bernhardt often giving both a matinee and evening performance. She played a variety of roles between 1904 and 1906, including the part of Marie Antoinette in the historic drama. She starred in a new version of Lecouvreur which she wrote her own version of.She wrote a drama, which was performed at the Thétre des Arts, but had no part in it. She found the acting system there too traditional and rigid. She took aspiring actresses and actors into her company, trained them, and used them as extras and bit players. The first of four farewell tours she made to the US, Canada, and Latin America was with her new managers, the Shubert brothers. During her 1905 visit to Montreal, the Roman Catholic bishop encouraged his followers to throw eggs at her because she portrayed prostitutes as sympathetic characters. The US portion of the tour was complicated due to the Shuberts' competition with the powerful syndicate of theatre owners which controlled nearly all the major theatres and opera houses in the United States. Outside producers were not allowed to use the stages.In Texas and Kansas City, she and her company performed under an enormous circus tent, seating 4,500 spectators, and in skating rinks in Atlanta and other cities. Her private train took her to a number of places in the United States, including Dallas, Denver, and Salt Lake City. Due to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, she was not able to play in San Francisco, but she did give a recital at the University of California at Berkeley, titled A Christmas Night during the Terror. At the end of her tour in South America, she leaped from the wall of the fortress to her death in the Tiber. She was supposed to land on the wrong mattress. She landed on her right knee, which had been damaged in earlier tours. She fainted and was taken from the theatre on a stretcher, but didn't want to go to the hospital.She sailed from Rio to New York. She was stuck in her hotel for 15 days after she arrived because of her swollen leg. The Legion d'Honneur, the French government's highest honor, was only awarded to Bernhardt as a theatre director, not as an actress. The award at that time required a review of the recipients' moral standards, and Bernhardt's behavior was still considered scandalous. The snub didn't deter Bernhardt from playing both offensive and controversial characters. In 1906, she starred in La Vierge d'Avila, ou La Courtisane de Dieu, and in 1907 she played a young and am in Les Bouffons. She played the Joan of Arc again in 1909.School children were encouraged to view her as French patriotism. She continued to go on tour even though she had an injury to her leg. She performed in 16 different cities during a 20-day tour of Britain and Ireland in June of 1908. She traveled to Russia and Poland. Her eighth tour in America began in 1910. She took along a new leading man, the Dutch-born Lou Tellegen, a very handsome actor who had served as a model for the sculpture Eternal Springtime by Auguste Rodin, and who became her co-star for the next two years, as well as her escort He was not a good actor and had a strong Dutch accent, but he did well in roles such as Hippolyte in Phedre, where he could take off his shirt and show off his body.She created another scandal when she played Judas Iscariot in New York. It was banned in New York after only one night in the Globe Theater. It was banned in Boston and Philadelphia. The tour took her from Boston to Jacksonville, through Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania, to Canada and Minnesota, usually one new city and one performance every day. The romantic costume drama about Queen Elizabeth's romances with Robert Dudley and Robert Devereux was presented by Bernhardt in April 1912. It 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 She was able to pay off her debt with the money she received from the American producer of the film version of the play.She left on her third farewell tour of the United States when she was 69. She was unable to perform an entire play because of her injured leg. She separated from her lover of the time, Lou Tellegen. He remained in the United States after the tour ended and became a silent movie star. There were amputations of leg and wartime performances in December 1913. She was made a Chevalier of the Legion d'Honneur on 16 March. She was short of money despite her successes.She pawned some of her jewels to pay her bills after she made her son Maurice the director of her new theatre and allowed him to use the receipts to pay his gambling debts. She went to her holiday home in 1914 with her family and friends. She received the news of the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and the beginning of the First World War. She went back to Paris because of the threat from the German army. The Minister of War asked Bernhardt to move to a safer place. Her doctor discovered gangrene on her injured leg while she was in a villa on the Bay of Arcachon. Her leg was almost to the hip when she was in Bordeaux.She refused the idea of an artificial leg, crutches, or a wheelchair, and instead was usually carried in a palanquin she designed, supported by two long shafts and carried by two men. The chair she had was decorated in the Louis XV style. Despite the loss of her leg, she continued


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texts: to go on stage at her theatre, even though scenes were arranged so she could be seated or supported by a prop with her leg hidden. She took part in a patriotic "scenic poem" by Eugne Morand, playing the part of Strasbourg Cathedral, and then she hoisted herself up on her one leg, leaned against the arm of the chair. The eagle fell into the Rhine. She traveled to the Battle of Verdun and the Battle of the Argonne to perform for soldiers who were about to go into battle. She sat in an armchair and read her speech.Beatrix Dussanne, who was present at the event, described her performance as "the miracle again took place; <mask>, old, mutilated, once more illuminated a crowd by the rays of her genius." This fragile creature, ill, wounded and immobile, could still, through the magic of the spoken word, re-instill heroism in those soldiers weary from battle. She returned to Paris in 1916 and made two short films, one based on the story of Joan of Arc and the other on Mothers of France. She embarked on her farewell tour. She toured the United States despite the threat of German submarines, performing in major cities such as New York and San Francisco. An emergency operation was performed on Bernhardt after he was diagnosed with uremia. She recuperated in Long Beach, California, writing short stories and novellas for publication in French magazines.On the day that the armistice was signed ending the First World War, she boarded a ship in New York and went to France. She resumed acting in her theatre in 1920, performing single acts of classics such as Athelee, which did not require much movement. She stood on one leg and gestured with one arm. She starred in a new play written by her grandson-in-law. She only appeared in two acts as the male lead. She took the play and other famous scenes from her repertory on a European tour and then for her last tour of England, where she gave a special command performance for Queen Mary. During her last tour of the French provinces in 1921, she lectured about theatre and read poetry from Rostand.She produced a new play by Rostand and another by Verneuil in 1922. She entertained guests at her home. One such guest, French author Colette, described being served coffee by Bernhardt: "The delicate and withered hand offering the cup, the flowery azure of the eyes, so young still in their network of fine lines, the questioning and mocking coquetry of the tilted head, and that She began rehearsals for a new play called Un Sujet de Roman in 1922. On the night of the dress rehearsal, she collapsed, went into a coma for an hour, and woke up with the question, "when do I go on?" She recuperated for several months, with her condition improving, she began preparing for a new role as Cleopatra in Rodogune by Corneille, and agreed to make a new film called La Voyante for a payment of 10,000 Swiss Francs a day. A room in her house was set up as a film studio because she was too weak to travel.She collapsed again on 21 March 1923. She died from uremia on March 26, 1923. She died peacefully, without suffering, in the arms of her son. When she was in Paris, she attended the funeral Mass at the church of Saint-Franois-de-Sales. An enormous crowd followed her casket from the Church of Saint-Francoise-de-Sales to the cemetery and paused for a moment of silence outside her theatre after her funeral. The name "Bernhardt" is written on her tombstone. She was one of the first actresses to star in moving pictures.The Lumiere brothers showed the first projected film at the Grand Café in Paris on December 28, 1895. In 1900, the cameraman who had shot the first films for the Lumiere brothers, Clément Maurice, approached <mask> and asked her to make a film out of a scene from her stage production of Hamlet. The scene was a battle between Prince Hamlet and Laertes. Maurice made a recording of the film at the same time. Maurice had a stage hand bang pieces of metal together in sync with the sword fight because the sound of the clashing wooden prop swords was not loud and realistic enough. Maurice's two-minute film, Le Duel d'Hamlet, was presented to the public at the 1900 Paris Universal Exposition. Many famous French theatre stars of the day had short films in this program.The system never became a commercial success because of the poor sound quality on the wax cylinders. One of the first examples of a sound film was her film. In 1908, <mask> made a second motion picture. The production was directed by André Calmettes from the play. The film is missing. La Dame aux Camelias was her next film with Lou Tellegen. The speed of her action was greatly accelerated when she changed the fashion in which she performed.In France, the young French artist and later screenwriter Jean Cocteau wrote, "What actress can play a lover better than she does in this film?" No one! She received $30,000 for her performance. She made another film of a scene from her play in the role of Maurice de Saxe. In 1912, a pioneer American producer came to London and filmed a performance of Queen Elizabeth with her lover Tellegen and Lord Essex. The film was hand-tinted to make it more appealing. The film The Loves of Queen Elizabeth was a financial success, and resulted in the creation of the Famous Players Film Company, which later became Paramount Pictures.The use of the visual arts to frame scenes and elaborate narrative action is significant in the work. <mask>  Belle-Isle was a film about her daily life at home. The use of contemporary art references in the mis-en-scene of the film is significant because it was one of the earliest films by a celebrity inviting us into the home. She made other people in 1916. This was produced by Eclipse and directed by Louis Mercanton and René Hervil. She made a film called Mothers of France in 1917. It was directed by Louis Mercanton and René Hervil and written by Jean Richepin.In her book Seeing Sarah Bernhardt: Performance and Silent Film, Victoria Duckett explains that the film was shot on the front line to urge America to join the war. She was going to make a movie from her home, La Voyante, in the weeks before her death. They plan to film for seven days and pay her ten thousand Swiss Francs a day. The calculation should be made. I don't have to cross the Atlantic. I'm ready to appear in any film they make. She died before the filming began.Since she rarely performed more than twice a week, she wanted a new activity to fill her time and began painting and sculpture. Her paintings were mostly landscapes and seascapes. Her painting teachers were close to her. The Young Woman and Death was exhibited at the Paris Salon. Her passion for sculpture was more serious. Her teacher was a sculptor who made public monuments and sentimental stories. She created a figure of Song for the group Music on the faade of the Opera House of Monte Carlo and exhibited and sold a high-relief plaque of the death of Ophelia.A group of figures, called Aprs la Tempte (After the Storm), was exhibited at the 1876 Paris Salon. The original work, the molds, and signed plaster miniatures were sold by Bernhardt. The original is on display at the National Museum of Women in the Arts. 25 works by Bernhardt are known to still exist. The 1893 Columbia Exposition in Chicago and the 1900 Exposition Universelle displayed several of her works. She hosted a private viewing of her paintings and sculptures for 500 guests while on tour in New York. Her 1874 performance in Le Sphinx may have inspired her to make a bronze self-portrait with bat wings and a fish tail.She entertained her guests dressed in her sculptor's outfit at the studio she set up at 11 boulevard de Clichy in Montmartre. Rodin dismissed her sculptures as old-fashioned tripe, and she was attacked in the press for pursuing an activity that was inappropriate for an actress. Emile Zola defended her. Not content with finding her thin, or declaring her mad, they want to regulate her daily activities. In her final years, she wrote a textbook on the art of acting. She wrote whenever she had time between productions and vacations. The unfinished manuscript was found in her house by her close friend.He edited the book and it was published in 1923. The English translation was published in 1925. She paid particular attention to the use of the voice. She wrote that the element connected the artist with the audience. The voice must have all of the qualities. She wrote, "For a voice to be fully complete, it is necessary that it be very slightly nasal." An artist with a dry voice can't touch the public.Artists need to train their breathing for long passages. She suggested that an actress should be able to memorize a passage in a single breath. Le ciel de leurs soupirs approuvait l'innocence. She said that the art of our art should not be noticed by the public until the fall of the curtain. The work should only be used for the search for the truth. She said that artists should use their eyes, hands, and head to express their emotions. It is the entire art that strikes the audience the most effectively.She encouraged actors to work, overexy their emotional expression, become accustomed to varying their psychological states, and translate them. The development of an artist's career is dependent on a number of factors. She said that the roles of men are more intellectual than the roles of women. The best parts of the theatre are played by the men. Women can sometimes be superior to men in theatre. Bernhardt was able to memorise a role quickly. I only have to read a role two or three times and I know it completely, but the day that I stop playing the piece the role escapes me entirely.I can remember the smallest events from my childhood. She 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She was seriously ill before a performance of L'Etrangre at the Gaiety Theatre in London and the doctor gave her a dose of painkillers. She could not remember what she was supposed to say during the performance. She turned to another actress and said that she wanted to teach her what she wanted to do. I don't want to tell you today, but I have thought about it. The other actors improvised an end to the scene.After a brief rest, her memory came back, and she went back on stage to finish the play. A cold wind blew across the stage and a backstage door was opened during a performance on her world tour. Without interruption, she said "If someone doesn't close that door, I will catch pneumonia." No one in the audience seemed to notice the addition when the door was closed. Francisque Sarcey, an influential Paris critic, wrote of her 1871 performance in Marie, "She has a penetrating charm, and I don't know what." She is an amazing artist. The critic Théodore de Banville wrote that Bernhardt "declaimed like a bluebird sings, like the wind sighs, like the water murmurs."She added the music of her voice to the music of the verse. Victor Hugo praised her "golden voice", and she sang with it. He wrote in his Carnets that it was the first time the play had been played. She is better than an actress. She is adorable, she is better than beautiful, and she looks irresistible. The French critic Maurice Baring described her performance as an "exotic and cerebral attraction which was at once tigerish passion and feline seduction". In 1884, Sigmund Freud saw Bernhardt perform Theodora, writing that she also had her critics, particularly in her later years among the new generation of playwrights who advocated a more naturalistic style of acting.George Bernard Shaw wrote of the "childishly egotistical character of her acting, which is not the art of making you think more highly or feel more deeply but the art of making you admire her, pity her, champion her, weep with her, laugh at her jokes, follow her It is the art of deception. She has a wonderful voice. The rest is cold, false, and affected, the worst kind of repulsive chic Parisienne! Chekhov paid for his studies by writing reviews for a Moscow newspaper. He said that they were not admiring the talent of <mask>t. She is a woman who knows how to produce an effect, who has immense taste, who understands the human heart, but she wanted too much to overwhelm her audience.In her roles, he wrote, "enchantment is smothered in artifice." Many of the leading literary and cultural figures of the late 19th century saw <mask>'s performances. There are five kinds of actresses. Bad actresses, fair actresses, good actresses, great actresses, and then there is <mask>. Oscar Wilde wrote a play for her in French, but it was banned by British censors before it could be performed. Before he died, Wilde wrote, "The three women I have most admired in my life are <mask>, Lilly Langtry, and Queen Victoria." I would have married them all.The British actress Ellen Terry wrote a letter after seeing a performance by <mask>t. She had the delicacy of an azalea with less thickness. Smoke from a burning paper describes her. D.H. Lawrence saw a performance of La Dame aux Camelias. The identity of Bernhardt's father is not known. The Hotel de Ville and city archives were burned in 1871. In her book, Ma Double Vie, she writes that her father's family provided funding for her education and left a sum of 100,000 Swiss Francs for her when she came of age.She said that when she was a child, he died in Pisa in unexplained circumstances. She presented a new birth certificate in February of 1914 that stated that she was the legitimate father. She was christened on May 21, 1856, as the daughter of "Edouard <mask> residing in Le Havre and Judith Van Hard residing in Paris." According to a biography by Helene Tierchant, her father may have been a young man named De Morel, whose family members were notable shipowners and merchants in Le Havre. When she was young, her grandmother and uncle in Le Havre provided financial support for her education, and later gave her money when her apartment in Paris was destroyed by fire. The destruction of her birth certificate makes her date of birth uncertain. She usually celebrated her birthday on 23 October 1844.The date on the reconstituted birth certificate she presented in 1914 was 25 October. The date is either 22 or 23 October. Judith was born in the early 1820s. She was one of six

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texts: children, five daughters and one son, of a Dutch-Jewish eyeglass merchant and a German laundress. Five weeks after Judith's mother died, her father remarried. The children from his earlier marriage did not get along with his new wife. After leaving home, Judith and two of her sisters, Henriette and Rosine, moved to Le Havre, on the French coast.Julie took the new name of Youle and the last name of Van Hard when she became a courtesan after Henriette married a local in Le Havre. She gave birth to twin girls in April of 1843. The girls died in the hospice. Youle was pregnant with <mask> again the next year. <mask> was born at 5 rue de l'cole-de-Médicine. She had an affair with a Belgian nobleman, Charles-Joseph Eugne Henri Lamoral de Ligne, son of Eugne, 8th Prince of Ligne. Maurice didn't become an actor, but worked for most of his life as a manager and agent for various theatres and performers, frequently managing his mother's career in her later years, but rarely with great success.Maurice's family was usually financially dependent on his mother until she died. One of Maurice's daughters was Simone, who married the son of a Philadelphia soap manufacturer, and another was the wife of the playwright Louis Verneuil. After Maurice was born, she had trouble finding roles. She worked as a courtesan, taking wealthy and influential lovers. The French police of the Second Empire kept files on high-level courtesans, including Bernhardt, her file recorded the wide variety of names and titles of her patrons, as well as the industrialist Robert de. The man who commissioned Gustave Courbet to paint L'Origine du monde, a detailed painting of a woman's anatomy that was banned until 1995, is the Ambassador of the Ottoman Empire to the Second Empire. He gave Bernhardt a large amount of pearls and diamonds.She had affairs with many of her leading men, including Arsne Houssaye, director of the Thétre-Lyrique, and the editors of several major newspapers. After the affairs ended, many of her early lovers continued to be her friends. She continued to see her old lovers, as well as new ones, including French marshals Franois-Certain Canrobert and Achille Bazaine, the latter a commander of the French army in the Crimean War and in Mexico. She had a two-year affair with the son of a banker who was the model for the character of Swann in the novels by Proust. She is mentioned by name in Remembrance of Things Past. <mask> is one of the actresses who modeled Berma, a character in several volumes of Remembrance of Things Past. Many of the male leads of her plays were lovers.She may have had an affair with the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII, who frequently attended her London and Paris performances and once, as a prank, played the part of a corpse in one of her plays. He traveled on the royal yacht to visit her at her summer home. Her last serious love affair was with the Dutch-born actor Lou Tellegen, 37 years her junior, who became her co-star during her second American farewell tour in 1910. He was a model for the sculpture Eternal Springtime by Auguste Rodin. He was signed as a leading man just before she left on the tour, and was assigned a compartment in her private railway car as her escort to all events, functions, and parties. He was not a good actor and had a strong Dutch accent, but he did well in roles where he could take off his shirt. They had a dispute at the end of the American tour and he stayed in the United States.He had a successful career in the United States, but when he and his wife split up, his career plummeted. He killed himself in 1934. The writers Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, his son Alexandre Dumas fils, Emile Zola, and the artist Gustave Doré were all friends of Bernhardt. Some nine years her junior, she was a close friend of the impressionist painter Louise Abbéma. The two women were rumored to be lovers. A painting depicting two people on a boat ride on the lake in the bois de Boulogne was donated in 1990. The painting was painted on the anniversary of their love affair, according to the letter.Jacques Damala was a Greek diplomat who was 11 years her junior and notorious for his romantic affairs. He was described as "handsome as Adonis, insolent, vain, and despicable" by his biographer. His affairs with married women had already led to one suicide and two divorces, and the French government had asked him to leave Paris, transferring him to the Greek Embassy. When she met Damala, she fell in love with him and insisted that her tour be modified to include a stop in St. Petersburg. She was allowed to go to St. Petersburg without him. They decided to marry after Bernhardt invited Damala to give up his diplomatic post to become an actor in her company, as well as her lover. They were married in London during a break in the tour.She told her friends that marriage was the only thing she had ever experienced. She played a minor role for Damala in La Dame aux Camelias after returning to Paris. Critics thought he was handsome, but not great. Damala began taking large quantities of morphine and took every opportunity to criticize and humiliate her. He used the money she gave him to buy gifts for other women. She confronted him in December of 1882 and he said he was going to North Africa to join the Foreign Legion. Damala was haggard, ill, and penniless when she reappeared in early 1889.He was offered a role in a new production of Dame aux camélias at the Variétés. They performed together from May to June. He looked tired, confused, and forgot his lines. The critic for Le Rappel was not able to locate the handsome man who was presented to them for the first time a few years ago. The critic made us feel sick. He was able to get another job as an actor at a different theater after his contract ended. She was performing in the first row and he made faces at her.Philippe Garnier saw him and beat him. He entered her house and destroyed the furniture. He was a Roman Catholic and didn't want to divorce him. He acted in a play by Ohnet, Le Matre des Forges, in 1884. His addiction continued to get worse. In August 1889, Bernhardt found out that he had taken an overdose of morphine. She nursed him until he died at the age of 34.He was buried in Athens. When she toured in the Balkans, she would always make a detour to visit his grave, even though she had made a bust of him for his tomb. She continued to sign official documents as "<mask>, widow of Damala". The small island off the coast of Brittany was where Bernhardt recuperated after her tour. She turned a ruined 17th-century fortress at the end of the island into a holiday retreat. She spent a lot of time in the summer when her theatre was closed. She built bungalows for her son and his family, as well as bungalows with studios for her close friends.She brought her large collection of animals, including several dogs, two horses, a donkey, a hawk, and a boa constrictor, from her tour of South America. King Edward VII stopped by the island on a cruise on his yacht. Under house rules that required that she be the winner, she played tennis, read plays, and created sculptures and ornaments in her studio. When the fishermen of the island had a bad season, she organised a benefit performance with leading actors to raise funds. She gradually enlarged the estate, purchasing a neighboring hotel and all the land with a view of the property, but in 1922, as her health declined, she abruptly sold it and never returned. During the Second World War, the Germans occupied the island and in October 1944, they blew up most of the compound. The original fort and seat are still there, as is the boat that took her to the mainland.As a vegetarian, she avoided dairy, eggs and meat. She ate cereals, fruit, nuts and vegetables. She became vegetarian in 1913 to lose weight and regain her figure. According to a 1923 biography, she ate fish and preferred Pont-l'vque cheese in her older years. A greater idea of the representation of Jewish women in film, cinema and theatre can be found in the Jewish female body image of <mask>t. The representation of Jewish women used to be dominated by notions of femininity and the Jewish body. There is a relevant shift in the way Jewish women are portrayed, and viewed throughout theatrical performances and art, as a result of <mask>t's role as Salome.A more in depth look into the work of <mask> as a modernising force of Jewish representation can be found in the ways in which the female Jewish body types are represented in 19th century art and theatrics. The way the female body is viewed by audiences is shaped by the role of Salome. The female Jewish body is admired by Gustave Moreau's paintings. The emergence of a new female Jewishness and Jewish femininity that embodied notions of stereotypical Jewish identity was offered by Moreau's paintings. Three famous paintings based on the figure of Salome were created by Moreau and attracted over half a million people. The eroticized Jewish body depicted in Moreau's paintings made Salomé into a slender adolescent, and the portraits transformed the image of the Jewish woman at large. The idea of Jewish femininity shifted away from the maternal and womanly features and instead led to the slender, lean, and girlish figure.The effect is to foreground and frame a different model of female beauty than is offered in Orientalist representations of the Jewish woman. When she accepted the lead role in Oscar Wilde's play in 1894, <mask>'s career took a turn for the worse. The quality of thinness was linked to Bernhardt. There were multiple representations of this quality in art, caricature, and photography. "Her thinness is really quite remarkable," wrote Henry James of Georges Clarin's 1876 Portrait of <mask>, on display at the same salon where Moreau's Salomés made their debut. The thinness of Bernhardt was fed in with a general sense that she was sick as a Jew. In order to present herself as a star of fashion as well as of theatre, Bernhardt appropriated this label and resituating it on her own terms.She posed for sculptures of death's heads, had herself photographed in a coffin, and marketed the pictures in response to the perception that she was thin and sick. Her thinness was fashionable because of her flamboyant persona, her role in dress reform, and her writing. The mass of artistic decadence created by Gustave Moreau and Oscar Wilde influenced a new model of Jewish female beauty. <mask>t took the means by which she was represented in order to make a new look her own in order to shape the image of Jewish female beauty. She helped create a new style, a new fashion, which defined the Jewish woman for the next generations, one which combined clothing, jewellery, and especially what Pierre Bourdieu provocatively calls "bodily hexis" to create a new model of feminine beauty. Virginia Fbregas was known as "The Mexican <mask>". Maurice managed the theatre until his death in 1928.The name was changed to Thétre de la Cité when it was occupied by the Germans in World War II. In 1947, the Thétre Sarah-Bernhardt was changed to the Thétre des Nations. The name was changed to the Thétre de la Ville in 1968. In 1876, a large house was built at 35 rue Fortuny in the 17th arrondissement for her family, servants, and animals. She sold the house because of her debts. She bought a larger house in the 17th arrondissement, where she died in 1923, once her fortune was restored by her tours abroad. The house was demolished in the 1960s and replaced with a modern apartment building.There is a plaque on the faade. The motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame was dedicated to Bernhardt in 1960. She is the earliest born person on the Walk. Theresa Rebeck's play was produced by the Roundabout Theatre Company. The play explores the controversy surrounding Bernhardt's decision to play Hamlet. The play opened on Broadway in September. It was directed by Moritz von Stuelpnagel and starred Janet McTeer.McTeer was nominated for a Tony Award. The new women's movement in Brazil was built around a woman's ability to gain access to public spaces. Middle-class women have new opportunities and possibilities in the workforce. The acting profession gave some women freedom and independence. Women were free of social constraints at the theatre. An actress held a controversial opinion. Women who appeared in operas representing a high culture were embraced by high society.Female performers could be subject to public scrutiny and gossip for leading unconventional lives. The first visit of <mask> was six months after the publication of "The Eternal Feminine" by Revista Illstrada in Brazil. Middle class and elite women in Brazil were mentioned in "The Eternal Feminine" as being capable of entering many new professions and industries that had previously been restricted to men. The bello sexo, as journalists are often called, may move into new occupations, but their beauty, elegance, and eternal femininity needed to remain in place. A public personality that afforded her freedom, independence, and immense popularity at home and abroad was created by Bernhardt. The tension between the traditional woman and the new woman was caused by her famous cross-dressing roles. The way in which she embodies a new form of women is demonstrated by her ability to own her own theatre.In an era of debate about gender norms, Bernhardt's star image presented a similar fantasy scenario that fulfilled a need on the part of her public for unity, resolution, and reassurance. The threat of the New Woman and the demise of female seduction were appeased by Bernhardt to her more socially conservative fans. There was a perceived conflict between the New Woman and the séductrice. It is possible that this is not the case. He was an example of Marguerite Durand's contention that a woman shouldn't lose her femininity to compete in a man's world. The books by Bernhardt Dans are L'Aveu, drame en un acte en prose and Ma Double Vie. Appleton English-language edition was published in 1907.Further reading Brandon, Ruth. Being Divine is a biography of <mask>. London: Mandarin in 1992. Duckett is in Victoria. Performance and Silent Film with <mask>. The University of Illinois Press. The Fauche family: <mask>.It was luckyluke vol. 49. Dupuis was born in 1982. Jacques Lorcey. <mask>, l'art et la vie. Séguier was published in Paris in 2005. There are 160 pages.Ockmann, Carol and Kenneth E. Silver. The art of high drama is taught by <mask>. The cylinder recordings are from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library. The Sarah Bernhardt Pages Loubat was published in: 1914-1918-online. The International Encyclopedia of the First World War. There are performances at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. The Billy Rose Theatre Division and the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts hold press

masks:
Sarah
Sarah
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhard
Sarah Bernhard
Sarah Barnhardt
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhard
Sarah Bernhard
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt


texts: <mask>, better known as <mask>, is an American television and radio anchor, news correspondent and author. <mask> was an anchor for CBS Evening News and Good Morning America. His assignments included the U.S. space program, political campaigns and the Vietnam War. From the early days of the Castro regime up to the present, <mask> reported on the invasions of Grenada, the Falklands War and Cuba. He reported on the hostage crisis in Iran, the turmoil in Israel and the Palestinian Territory, and the military action in Kosovo. The first terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center were covered by him. <mask> is the author of two books and the director of American Medevac, a documentary about medevac crew members and some of the service members they saved during the Vietnam War.<mask> received several awards for his reporting, including a National Emmy Award, an Overseas Press Club Award and a UPI Golden Mike. <mask> was born on August 22, 1935 in Fall River, Massachusetts. He is a descendant of Jews. He graduated from B.M.C. Durfee High School is in Fall River. He earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1957. He was a captain of the basketball team and president of his Fraternity, Alpha Pi Theta, as well as a member of The Berkeley Beacon student newspaper and the WERS radio station.While in college, he changed his name to <mask>. He received a Doctor of law from his alma mater in 1977. In 1983, the television studio and publications center at the high school was named in honor of <mask>, who was given the key to the city of Fall River in 2011. <mask> began his career in 1957 as a reporter and later news director at Westchester County, New York radio station WVIP, which became the flagship station for the Herald Tribune Radio Network, a group of suburban AM and FM stations in New York State. <mask> was the program director of WVOX New Rochelle in 1960. He was a reporter for WBZ in Boston. He won an award from the UPI Broadcasters Association of Massachusetts.<mask> joined WCBS-TV, the flagship station of the CBS Television Network, in 1964 as a reporter and anchor. He succeeded Walter Cronkite as the principal space correspondent for CBS in 1967, covering the U.S. space program, national politics and the Vietnam War. During a six-month assignment in Vietnam for CBS Evening News, <mask> covered a combat medevac mission under fire. They filmed a seven-minute segment that aired on the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite. A feature article about the medevac rescues during the Vietnam War was published in a magazine. The medevac crew and some of the service members they saved in 1971 are brought together in the documentary American Medevac. In 1975, <mask> was named anchor of the CBS Sunday Night News, and later in 1976, he moved to the CBS Sunday Evening News.He anchored Newsbreak's 90-second updates on weekdays. <mask> reported on the Iran hostage crisis in 1980, the Space Shuttle Columbia missions in 1982, and the U.S. Civil War in 1982. The invasions of Grenada in 1983 and the Falklands War in 1982. <mask> anchored the Independent Network News newscast for three years. <mask> was one of forty semi-finalists in the "Journalist in Space Program", which was canceled after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. The Larry King Show, a radio talk show which aired on the Mutual Broadcasting System, had <mask> fill in for Larry King. After the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, <mask> joined ABC News as a correspondent.<mask> was a substitute anchor on Nightline and ABC World News Tonight. <mask> was the first television journalist to report from inside Kuwait after the Iraqi invasion in 1990 and spent more than three months covering news in the Mideast. He was on the scene of the first ground battle of Desert Storm in January 1991, while reporting for World News Tonight. He covered the 1992 presidential election campaigns with in-depth coverage. <mask> reported on the first American casualties and the visit of Bush to the area in 1992. The first World Trade Center bombing was reported by <mask>. <mask> was the first person to report from inside the garage where the truck bomb exploded and later covered the investigation into the attack.<mask> presented the newscasts on Good Morning America from 1996 to 1993. He went to Sudan to cover the August 1998 cruise missile strikes on al-Qaeda bases in Afghanistan and a pharmaceutical factory in Sudan in response to the American embassy bombings in East Africa. ABC News won an award for its coverage of the Kosovo War in 1999 after <mask> reported from Kosovo for 30 days. The U.S. was hit by a terror bomb in 2000. Cole was dispatched to Yemen as ABC's lead reporter. In 2002 <mask> hosted a series of documentaries for A&E and The History Channel. He reported and hosted a monthly 60-minute cable network science show.<mask> is a writer who occasionally writes on subjects of personal interest, including stories about the Boston Red Socks and his trip to Cuba 50 years after his interview with Castro. He is a member of the Vietnam War Commemoration Commission which was created by the President to honor those who served during the Vietnam era and he also does pro bono work for the organization. <mask> divides his time between homes in Connecticut and Massachusetts. He is the father of two daughters and a son and lives with his second wife. <mask> has received many awards for his reporting, including a National Emmy, an Overseas Press Club Award, and a UPI Golden Mike Award. He won a UPI Broadcasters Association of Massachusetts Award in 1962 for helping in the capture of a murder suspect. The Overseas Press Club, New York awarded the Radio Interpretation Award for Journalistic Achievement for "America in Vietnam" in 1976, when <mask> was part of the CBS News team.He received an Outstanding Documentary Program Emmy in 1981 for "Louis is 13". <mask> was nominated for an award for his reporting on the gun battle in Kosovo. ABC 2000: The Millennium won an award for Outstanding News and Documentary Program Achievement. Books are welcome in the world. The co-author was from 1978. The Return to Glory days was co-authored. The only person to receive an honor from the Clown College is Trivia <mask>.<mask> is a clown. He told an interviewer that it was his Walter Mitty side. <mask> says he tries to get as much background and history as he can. I try to find my own sources. I try to call more. I try to find information that might give me an edge. I have made a career out of asking dumb questions.I think you have to ask dumb questions if you want to prove how smart we are. I don't want to impress the audience with my questions. I think the idea is to get some news at the other end of the question. You have to resist the pressure to give information that you're not certain of and to give your own personal thoughts as opposed to what's really going. The names of people who were born in 1935 include American television news anchors, American war correspondents, and American male non-fiction writers. The Durfee High School alumni are American Jews.

masks:
Morton Dean Dubitsky
Morton Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Morton Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean
Morton Dean
Dean
Dean


texts: <mask> was the founder of the Maurya Empire. One of the largest empires was built by Chandragupta. In ancient Greek, Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts, Chandragupta's life and accomplishments are described, but they vary greatly. The foundation of the first state to unite most of India was laid by <mask>a. Under the guidance of Chanakya, Chandragupta created a new empire based on the principles of statecraft, built a large army, and continued expanding the boundaries of his empire in his final years. Alexander the Great had invaded the North-West Indian subcontinent before abandoning his campaign due to a mutiny caused by the prospect of facing another large empire. The Greek satraps that were formed from Alexander's Empire in South Asia were defeated by Chandragupta.In the Greater Punjab region, Chandragupta gained a lot of attention. He set out to conquer the empire. Chandragupta was confronted by the Seleucus I Nicator in the Seleucid-Mauryan War after securing his western border. After two years of war, Chandragupta was thought to have gained the upper hand and annexed satrapies up to the Hindu Kush. Instead of prolonging the war, both parties settled on a marriage treaty between Chandragupta and Seleucus I Nicator's daughter. Chandragupta's empire spanned from modern day Bengal to Afghanistan across North India as well as making inroads into Central and South India. Chandragupta abdicated his throne and became a Jain monk after 800 years after his death, according to the Jain accounts.According to contemporary Greek evidence, Chandragupta did not give up on sacrificing animals associated with Vedic Brahminism, an ancient form of Hinduism, and he delighted in hunting and otherwise leading a life remote from the Jain practice of Ahimsa or nonviolence towards living beings. The Maurya Empire set an era of economic prosperity, reforms, infrastructure expansions, and tolerance. His descendants' empire was home to many religions. Minority religions such as Zoroastrianism and the Greek pantheon were respected as Buddhism, Jainism and Ajivika gained prominence. There is a memorial on the Chandragiri hill. In ancient and historical Greek, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain texts, Chandragupta's life and accomplishments are described. The life of Chandragupta Maurya is described in different ways by historical sources.Chandragupta was born around 340 BC and died around 295 BC. Greek and Roman sources, which are the oldest surviving records that mention Chandragupta or circumstances related to him, are in chronological order. Hindu texts such as the Puranas and Arthashastra can be found later in Hindu sources. The Sri Lankan Pali texts Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, Mahavamsa tika and Mahabodhivamsa are Buddhist sources. The 7th to 10th century Jain inscriptions at Shravanabelgola are disputed by scholars and the Svetambara Jain tradition. The complete Jain legend about Chandragupta is found in the 12th-century Parisishta, while the second Digambara text about the Maurya emperor is dated to the 10th-century. A second-century text written by a Roman historian is the only mention of Chandragupta in the Greek and Roman texts.The king before him was overthrown by the last Nanda Empire. A wild elephant appearing and submitting itself as a ride to him before a war is one of the miraculous legends associated with Chandragupta. <mask> and Chanakya defeated Nanda and removed him from his rule. If true, Megasthenes' account states that Alexander the Great and <mask> met, which would mean his rule started earlier than 321 BCE. He is described as a great king, but not as great in power and influence as Porus in northwestern India or Agrammes in eastern India. The Greek sources are mostly mirrored in the pre-4th century Hindu Puranic texts. The ancestry of the last Nanda king is covered in these texts.The Nanda king is said to be cruel and was born after a coup. The Arthasastra refers to the rule as against the spiritual, cultural, and military interests of the country. According to Chanakya, Chandragupta returned dharma, nurtured diversity of views, and kindled love among the subjects for his rule. Hindu sources are unreliable. According to a medieval commentator, Chandragupta is the son of one of the Nanda's wives. The king had a concubine named Mura. Mudrarakshasa uses the terms Vrishala and Kula-Hina, which means "not descending from a recognized clan or family."To describe a person. One of the meanings of the word Vrishala is that it is the son of a Shudra. A commentator used the former interpretation to say that Chandragupta had a Shudra background. The historian said that the word should be seen as the best of kings. The drama refers to Chandragupta as someone of humble origin. According to the 11th-century texts of the Kashmiri Hindu tradition, the Nanda lineage was very short. Purva-Nanda had a son named Chandragupta who was based in Ayodhya.Chandragupta came from a humble background and with Chanakya, he emerged as a dharmic king loved by his subjects. <mask> is described in the Buddhist texts as being of Kshatriya origin. According to the sources written seven centuries after his dynasty ended, Chandragupta and his grandson Ashoka were both from a branch of the Shakya noble family. The dynasty of Ashoka is linked to the Buddha by Buddhist sources. According to the sources, the family branched off to escape persecution from a king of the Kosala Kingdom and moved into a secluded Himalayan kingdom known for its peacocks. The Buddhist sources say the epithet Moriya comes from the peacocks. Some legends explain his epithet in the Buddhist texts.The city of "Moriya- Nagara" was made of bricks that looked like the peacock's neck. The Maha-bodhi-vasa states that he came from the Moriya clan. According to the Buddhist sources, "Brahmin Chanakya" was his counselor and support man. On the basis of the same life events, he has been identified with a different person. The main and earliest Jain source of the complete legend of Chandragupta is the 12th-century Digambara text Parishishtaparvan by Hemachandra. It was written around 1,400 years ago. The legend of <mask> and Chanakya's influence on him is described in Canto 8.According to other sources, he moved to Karnataka after abandoning his kingdom and performing a Jain religious ritual of welcoming death peacefully. The earliest mention of Chandragupta's ritual death can be found in Harisena's Brhatkathakosa. The legend of Bhadrabahu is mentioned in the 131st story. The story doesn't mention the Maurya empire, but it does mention that Chandragupta lived in and migrated from Ujjain, a kingdom west of the Magadha and Patliputra. There is a proposal that Harisena's Chandragupta may be a different person. The ancient texts don't mention when Chandragupta was born. During Alexander's invasion of India, Plutarch claims that he was a young man.Raychaudhuri proposed in 1923 that Chandragupta may have been born after 350 BCE. After Alexander's death, Chandragupta attacked the Greek-Indian governors and Seleucus I Nicator entered into a treaty with him. In exchange for 500 war elephants, Seleucus Nicator gave up Arachosia, Gedrosia, and Paropanisadai. The start and end year of Chandragupta's reign are not included in the texts. Chandragupta ruled for 24 years according to some Hindu and Buddhist texts. According to the Buddhist sources, the Maurya family ruled after the Buddha's death. The Buddha's birth and death are different from the Greek-Roman records.There are different gaps between Mahavira's death and his accession. As with the Buddha's death, the date of Mahavira's death itself is a matter of debate, and the inconsistencies and lack of unanimity among the Jain authors cast doubt on Jain sources. The chronology implied in other Indian and non- Indian sources is not reconcilable with this one. Historians assign <mask>'s reign to be between 322 and 300 BCE. The rule of Upinder Singh was from 322 to 297 BCE. He ruled between 320 and 293 BCE. The early life of <mask> Maurya is not clear.Chandragupta's mother was pregnant when his father was killed in a battle, according to the Buddhist tradition. His mother escaped to Patliputra with the help of her brothers. Chandragupta's maternal uncles helped a cowherd adopt him. He was sold to a hunter when he was a child. Chanakya was a Jain and a Brahmin according to the legend. Jain monks said when Chanakya was born that he would one day become an emperor and be in charge of the throne. Chanakya agreed to help the daughter of the community chief deliver a baby boy because he believed in the prophecy.He asked the mother to let him adopt the boy at a later date. The Jain Brahmin went about making money through magic, and later claimed young Chandragupta, whom he taught and trained. They recruited soldiers and attacked the kingdom. They declared Patliputra as their capital after they won. The Buddhist and Hindu sources have different versions of how Chandragupta met Chanakya. They mention a game of a royal court that young Chandragupta and his friends played near the Vinjha forest. Chanakya bought him from the hunter and adopted him.Chanakya admitted him to Taxila to study the sastras. The capital and historic learning center of the eastern Magadha kingdom of India was moved after Taxila. According to Pali-language Buddhist sources, they met Dhana Nanda there. According to Justin, Chandragupta offended the king who ordered his execution by becoming a commander of the army. The Nanda king was insulted by Chanakya, according to an alternate version. The rebels planned to remove the king from power. According to the Mudrarakshasa, Chanakya swore to destroy the Nanda dynasty after he was insulted by the king.According to the Roman text, there were a couple of miraculous incidents that happened to Sandracottus. In the first instance, a big lion came up to Chandragupta and licked him while he was sleeping. When Chandragupta was about to fight Alexander's generals, a huge elephant approached him and offered to be his steed. The army was raised by recruiting soldiers from many places after the former completed his education at Taxila. The leader of the army was made by Chanakya. According to the text Parishishtaparvan, Chanakya raised the army with coins and formed an alliance with Parvataka. The army was organized by Chandragupta.According to Raychaudhuri, the original expression used by Justin may mean mercenary soldier, hunter, or robber. Chandragupta's army was unsuccessful in attacking the capital. The campaign began at the frontier of the Nanda empire and continued until they reached the capital. He refined his strategy by establishing garrisons in the conquered territories. Dhana Nanda was killed by Buddhist accounts or exiled by Hindu accounts. Alexander could have easily conquered India if he had tried, according to the Life of Alexander. After Alexander ended his campaign, Chandragupta's army conquered the capital of Nanda, called Pataliputra, with the help of Chanakya's counsel.There are not always reliable details of Chandragupta's campaign into Pataliputra. According to Buddhist texts, Magadha was ruled by the Nanda dynasty, which was led by Chanakya. The army of Chandragupta and Chanakya first conquered the outer territories. The Hindu and Jain texts state that the campaign was bitterly fought because the Nanda dynasty had a powerful and well-trained army. In Mudrarakshasa, Chandragupta is said to have first acquired Punjab and allied with a local king named Parvatka under the advice of the Chanakya. The capital of Magadha, Patna, was sieged by Chandragupta by using guerrilla warfare methods with the help of mercenaries. The empire was built by gradual conquest of provinces after the initial consolidation of Magadha, according to historian P. K. Bhattacharyya.The success of Chandragupta and his strategist Chanakya was stopped by a town that refused to surrender according to the version by Hemachandra. Chanakya found seven mother goddesses inside when he was a mendicant. The goddesses were protecting the town people. The mendicant gave the townspeople advice on how to end the blockade of the army. Hemacandra wrote that Chanakya tricked them into removing the mother goddesses. The town easily defeated the town after the protective goddesses were removed. The Patliputra kingdom was attacked by the alliance of Chandragupta and Parvataka.The king lost due to insufficient intelligence, exhausted merit, and a lack of treasury. The legend says that the Nanda king was defeated and allowed to leave with a chariot full of items for his family. According to the Jain sources, his daughter fell in love with Chandragupta at first sight. The Maurya Empire was founded after the defeat of Nanda. The Indian campaign of Alexander the Great ended before Chandragupta came into power. Alexander left India in 325 BCE and assigned the northwestern Indian subcontinent territories to Greek governors. The relationship between these governors and Chandragupta is not known.There are Alexander's successors in north-western India. He states that after Alexander's death, Chandragupta freed Indian territories from the Greeks and executed some of the governors. The deaths of Alexander's governors, Nicanor and Philip, may have been caused by the wars fought with the northwestern territories, according to Boesche. Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador for four years. Appian states that Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander's Macedonian generals who established the Seleucid Kingdom with its capital at Babylon, brought Persia and Bactria under his own authority. They came to an understanding after the war. To forge an alliance, Seleucus married off his

masks:
Maurya
Chandragupta Maury
Chandragupta
Chandragupta
Chandragupta
Chandragupta
Chandragupta
Chandragupta


texts: daughter.According to R. C. Majumdar and D. D. Kosambi, Seleucus appeared to have done poorly after giving up large territories west of the Indus. Arachosia was added by the Maurya Empire. Seleucus Nicator gave these regions to Chandragupta in exchange for five hundred elephants. The engagement treaty's details are not known. The marriage treaty involved an Indian princess and a Seleucid princess, according to one version. Seleucus' victory at the Battle of Ipsus was aided by 500 war elephants sent by Chandra Gupta. In addition to this treaty, Seleucus dispatched Megasthenes as an ambassador to Chandragupta's court, and later sent Deimakos to his son Bindusara at the Maurya court at Patna.Chandragupta had a huge empire stretching from the Bay of Bengal to the Arabian Sea after annexing Seleucus' provinces. The empire was expanded southwards beyond the Vindhya Range. Chandragupta's empire extended over most of the subcontinent by the time his conquests were complete. There are two poetic anthologies from the Tamil Sangam literature. The army and chariots of the Mauryas are mentioned in poems 69, 281 and 375. Some of the poems dated between first-century BCE and fifth-centuryCE don't mention Chandragupta Maurya by name, and some of them could be referring to a different Moriya dynasty in the Deccan region in the fifth centuryCE. One interpretation of the poems is that the Maurya empire had an alliance with the Mokur and Koshar kingdoms.There are names and titles of Greek writers. The Greco-Roman writers called him "Sandrocottus". In both Greek and Latin there is a name for Chandragupta. Some recent authors don't agree with the identification of "Sandrokottus" of Greek accounts. "Chanda-siri" is one of the king's epithets mentioned in the play. Piyadasi is an epithet of Ashoka's grandson. In Indian epics and law books, the word "Vrishala" is used to refer to non-orthodox people.According to one theory, it may be derived from the Greek royal title Basileus, but there is no concrete evidence of this: the Indian sources apply it to several non-royals, especially wandering teachers and ascetics. There are no records of Chandragupta's military conquests. The religious Indian texts were written centuries after his death. The North-West reach of his empire included parts of present-day Afghanistan that Seleucus I Nicator ceded to him. The areas where Ashoka left the major Kandahar rock edict are in the Greek and Aramaic languages. Ashoka's inscription in Junagadh attests to Chandragupta's rule over present-day Gujarat. About 400 years later, Rudradaman inscribed a longer text on the same rock.The inscription states that the Sudarshana lake was commissioned during the rule of Chandragupta and that conduits were added during Ashoka's rule. The Malwa region in Central India, located between Gujarat and Pataliputra, is believed to have been controlled by Chandra Gupta. In the Deccan region of southern India, there is uncertainty about the other conquests that Chandragupta may have achieved. At the time of Ashoka's ascension, the empire extended up to present-day Karnataka in the south, so the southern conquests may have been attributed to either Chandragupta or his son Bindusara. If the Jain tradition is correct, it appears that Chandragupta initiated the southern conquest by ending his life in Karnakata. One of the largest empires in Indian history was built by Maurya and Chanakya. Most of the Indian subcontinent, except for parts that are now Tamil Nadu, are encompassed by Chandragupta's empire.Major economic and political reforms were passed after Rule after unifying much of India. The central administration was established from Pataliputra. Chanakya's text Arthashastra describes statecraft and economic policies. There are differing accounts in the historic, legendary, and hagiographic literature of various Indian religions, but Allchin and Erdosy' are suspect. The Maurya rule had a council of ministers with Chanakya being the chief minister. The empire was organised into territories, the centers of regional power were protected with forts, and state operations were funded with treasury. The chapter XV.46–69 of his Geographica describes aspects of his rule.He had councillors to collect taxes on commercial activity and trade goods. Major festivals marked by the procession of elephants and horses were hosted by him. The crime rate in the cities was low as his officers inspected situations requiring law and order. According to Megasthenes, there were three parallel administrative structures. One managed the affairs of villages, ensuring irrigation, recording land ownership, monitoring tools supply, enforcing hunting, wood products and forest-related laws, and resolving disputes. All matters related to trade, merchant activity, visit of foreigners, harbors, roads, temples, markets, and industries were managed by another administrative structure. They collected taxes and ensured weights and measures.The needs of the soldiers were overlooked by the third administrative body. Chanakya developed techniques to prevent assassination attempts. 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Buddhism, Jainism, and Ajivika were some of the religions that flourished during Chandragupta's reign and that of his dynasty.The empire built a strong economy from solid infrastructure such as irrigation, temples, mines and roads. According to ancient evidence, Chandragupta started and completed irrigation networks across the Indian subcontinent to ensure food supplies for the civilian population and the army, a practice continued by his successors. One of the required duties of his state officials was regional prosperity in agriculture. The strongest evidence of infrastructure development can be found in the Junagadh rock inscription. It states that Rudradaman enlarged and repaired the irrigation conduit infrastructure built by Chandragupta and Asoka. The empire built mines, manufacturing centers, and networks for trading goods. Land routes were developed to transport goods.He preferred the roads that were over narrow tracks for only pack animals. The Maurya dynasty rulers were great road builders according to Kaushik Roy. After the completion of a thousand-mile-long highway connecting Chandragupta's capital Pataliputra in Bihar to Taxila in the north-west, the Greek ambassador credited this tradition to him. The major strategic road infrastructure that was credited to this tradition is spread from Pataliputra in various directions. Roy stated that the network helped move armies quickly and efficiently. Weapon manufacturing centers were kept as a state monopoly by Chandragupta and Chanakya. Private parties were encouraged to operate mines by the state.They considered economic prosperity essential to the pursuit of dharma and adopted a policy of avoiding war with diplomacy yet continuously preparing the army for war to defend its interests and other ideas. The evidence of arts and architecture can be found in texts such as Megasthenes and Kautilya. The carvings on the pillars are attributed to his grandson Ashoka. The historicity of the cities, public works, and prosperous architecture that are implied in the texts is in question. Archeological discoveries in the modern age, such as Didarganj Yakshi discovered in 1917, suggest exceptional accomplishment. The site was dated to third century BCE by many scholars, but later dates such as the Kushan era (1st-4th centuryCE) have also been proposed. Alexander the Great waged a war in the years when the art was learned from the Greeks and West Asia, according to one of the competing theories."We cannot pretend to have definitive answers; and perhaps, as with most art, we must recognize that there is no single answer or explanation", says Frederick Asher of the University of Minnesota. Succession, renunciation, and death are disputed and unclear. According to the accounts of the Jains, Bhadrabahu predicted a famine because of the killing and violence during the Maurya conquests. He led a group of Jain monks to south India, where <mask> <mask> joined him as a monk. In present-day south Karnataka, <mask> and Bhadrabahu moved to Shravanabelagola. The Jain accounts appeared in texts such as Brihakath koa of Harishena. According to the Digambara legend, Chandragupta lived as an ascetic at Shravanabelagola for several years before he died.The hill on which Chandragupta is said to have performed asceticism is now known as Chandragiri hill, and is believed to have been the site of an ancient temple. According to Roy, Chandragupta's abdication of throne may have taken place before his death. Ashoka was the grandson of the man who helped spread Buddhism outside of India. The oldest inscription of about 600 AD describes the relation of Bhadrabahu and <mask> Maurya. The summit of a hill called Chandragiri is marked by the footprints of Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta munipati, according to two inscriptions on the Kaveri. Bhadrabahu "Shrutakevali" is mentioned in an inscription of 1129 as being worshipped by the forest deities. Similar couples are described in another inscription.Several inscriptions from the 7th–15th century refer to Bhadrabahu and his disciples. Some modern era scholars have accepted the tradition of identifying the Prabhacandra as Chandragupta, but others have not. According to a scholar of Jain and Hindu studies, it was Samprati Chandragupta who migrated and performed sallekhana in Shravanabelagola. The demise of the Maurya empire was caused by the times and actions of the grandson of Ashoka and great-great-grandson of <mask> Maurya, according to long states. The Chandraguptas are confused to be the same in some legends. The ancient Digambara legends are disputed by the Svetambara tradition of Jainism. 609 years after Mahavira's death, the Digambara sect of Jainism was founded, according to the fifth-century text of the Svetambara Jains.The first expanded version of sectarian split within Jainism was written by the Digambaras in the tenth-century. According to the Svetambara Jains, Bhadrabahu was located near the Nepalese foothills of the Himalayas in the third-century BCE and died near Patliputra. Hemachandra presents a different version of the Svetambara Jain legend. The stories about Jain monks who could become invisible to steal food from royal storage and the Jain Brahmin Chanakya using violence and cunning are included in the Hemachandra version. Chandragupta was a follower of non-Jain "ascetics with the wrong view of religion" and "lusted for women" for 15 years as king. Chanakya, who was a Jain follower, convinced Chandragupta to convert to Jainism by showing that Jain ascetics avoided women and focused on their religion. According to the legend, Chanakya aided the premature birth of Bindusara.They went to heaven. Chanakya is said to have performed sallekhana. The original publication on Shravanabelagola epigraphy by B. Lewis Rice led to the misidentification of Prabhacandra as <mask> Maurya. Rice believed that the "clerical name assumed by Chadragupta Maurya" may have been that of Prabhacandra, after he moved with Bhadrabahu from Patliputra. Prabhacandra was an important Jain monk scholar who migrated centuries after <mask> Maurya's death. Since no alternate historical information or evidence is available about Chandragupta's final years and death, Rice's idea of him retiring and dying in Shravanabelagola as a working hypothesis has been taken by other scholars. There is a memorial on Chandragiri hill.The Indian Postal Service issued a postage stamp in 2001. Mudrarakshasa is a political drama in Sanskrit that was written 600 years after Chandra Gupta's conquest. Chandragupta is a Bengali drama written by D. L. Roy. The play is based on the Greek history and the Puranas. The Courtesan and the Sadhu is a novel about Chanakya's role in the formation of the Maurya Empire. There is a silent film about the Mauryan king. The film was directed by Abdur Rashid Kardar.Chandraguptha Chanakya is an Indian Tamil-language historical drama film. Samrat Chandragupta is a 1945 Indian historical film. The 1945 film is a remake of Samrat Chandragupt, a 1959 Indian historical fiction film. The emperor is played by Bharat Bhushan. The story of Chanakya and Chandragupta was made into a film in 1977. The life and times of Chanakya are the subject of a television series. Imagine TV broadcasted a series called Chandragupta Maurya in 2011.In 2016 there was a television series called Chandra Nandini. <mask> Maurya is a television series that depicts the life of the man. In the Rise and Fall expansion of Civilization VI, he is a leader of the Indian civilization. A character named <mask> is based on the emperor in Nobunaga the Fool. Bollywood producer Umesh Mehra played the role of <mask> Maurya in the 2001 film Aoka. There is a list of Indian monarchs and a list of Jain Empires and

masks: Chandragupta Maurya Chandragupta Chandragupta Chandragupta Chandragupta Chandragupta Chandragupta Chandragupta Chandragupta


texts: <mask> was a politician and diplomat for the former apartheid government in South Africa. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was the government's ambassador to Canada from 1985 to 1987 and made a lot of public statements against the anti-apartheid movement and against the movement for economic sanctions on and disinvestment from South Africa. At Oxford, he was awarded the Joerg Gosteli bursary. He was part of the first crew to attempt to beat the Guards' record of fifteen and half hours for rowing from Oxford to London. He joined the South Africa's Department of Foreign Affairs. He earned a law degree from the University of South Africa.<mask> was educated at St John's College, a private school for boys, when he was a child. He won the trophy for the best Drum Major in the Witwatersrand Command band competition when he was Head of House at St John's. His maternal great-grandfather, Charles Doering, owned the Doering Stock and Dairy Farm in Chesterville, Ontario. The Doering brothers were the first dentists in South Africa. After the Jameson Raid, Frederick gave dental treatment to the men. Lawrence was sent to St John's College by his father. Five generations of his family attended the same school.Gandhi took refuge in The Kraal, a house owned by his paternal grandfather. He was a member of the South African Boxing Board of Control. <mask> and Tracy Dibb were married on May 31, 2003 and have two sons and two daughters. He continued his education at Oxford University after working as a teacher. The book "Prison Administration in South Africa" was written while he was in the legal division of the Department. He had his first overseas posting in 1969 when he was assigned to the South African embassy in Paris. He was made Chairman of the YoungDiplomats Association of Paris.He was a Training Officer with the Department. He wrote a book about training for the Diplomatic Service. In 1975, he returned to Paris, where he was the embassy's counsellor, and in 1978 he moved to the South African embassy in Rome. He was asked to play cricket for the first Italian international team against the Indian Globetrotters. He was the head of the Africa desk at the Department of Foreign Affairs in South Africa for four years. Ambassador to Canada <mask>'s mission began in 1985 when South Africa was in crisis and international pressure was mounting. Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney threatened to break off diplomatic relations with the country when he spoke at the United Nations.During his two-and-a-half-year posting, <mask> appeared on Canadian television more than 132 times. The Reagan Administration's policy of "constructive engagement" was supported by politicians, journalists, intellectuals and universities. apartheid is abenign policy and a means of controlling "urbanization" and <mask> claimed that sanctions would harm South African blacks more than the white minority. "You are going to kill the zebra if you shoot it in the white stripe or the black stripe," he said. He said that South Africa was the only force standing in the way of an expansion of Soviet intervention in the African continent and that the disruption of mineral production in South Africa was in the interests of the Soviet Union. Protests were met with many of <mask>'s appearances. Farrell threw the debating society's ceremonial mace at him when he was speaking at the University of Toronto in 1985.In Montreal, members of the Mount Stephen club were attacked with eggs and snowballs by protesters who called him a racist. On Sunday Morning in 1986, <mask> debated Cotler, a Montreal human rights lawyer. 50 anti-apartheid activists picketed the appearance. He was interviewed by a famous person in Canada. Elizabeth Grey submitted her report for the broadcasting prize in 1985 after spending a day with him. The public interest in his approach to what he regarded as the Canadian misapprehensions about South Africa's future was immediately launched by his interview on "Crossfire". Southam News' E Kaye Fulton followed his activities through Canada for a week and wrote an article which caught the nuances of the South African diplomacy in transition.He compared Canada's treatment of Native peoples to South Africa's treatment of its black population. Some Indian leaders said I was on the right track after the media reaction. After accepting an invitation from Chief Louis Stevenson, <mask> made a high-profile visit to the Peguis Band in order to press his point. After visiting South Africa, delegations from the Assembly of First Nations gave credence to the view that there was a comparative advantage for South African blacks. He spoke about the "Strategic Value of South Africa" at the Royal Military College. In 1987, <mask> returned to South Africa to take over as head of the Africa division and deputy director-general of the Department of Foreign Affairs. After a meeting with the President of the Republic of theCongo, he initiated talks for the withdrawal of South African troops from Luanda and the end of the South African Border War.He was a candidate for the National Party in the 1989 general election in South Africa. He was the first National Party candidate to share a platform with a black person. President F.W. de Klerk visited his constituency on polling day. Wynand Malan was the leader of the liberal Democratic Party. His constituency had an increase in voters for the NP which lost 31 seats in Parliament in the election. F.W. appointed him to a seat in the South African parliament.The right to fill four seats in the House of Assembly was given to de Klerk by the constitution. The Felix Trust was formed while he was in Parliament. It donated a fountain "Peace in Africa" to the University of Pretoria, built ceramic housing, and was founded to promote peaceful race relations in South Africa. He was involved in peace negotiations in Rome between RENAMO and FRELIMO under the auspices of the Rome Sant' Egidio community. Sant' Egidio's report on the success of the Peace Protocol mentions his role. In 1993 and 1995 he was nominated to be South Africa's Commissioner at the Venice Biennale. The first time in three decades that South Africa participated was in 1993 with an impressive exhibition of several artists' work.The Board of the Non-Catholic Cemetery in Testaccio appointed him as the administrator of the cemetery in 1991 and he presided over the 200th anniversary of the birth of Shelley. He was the Commissioner of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. <mask> left government service in 1995. He became chairman of AGIP Lubricants later that year. He was a Trustee of the Arthur Childe Army Award Trust from 1995 to 2002. He became the Director of the Cape Philharmonic Orchestra in 1997. He worked as a consultant for the government of the Western Cape until 2002.The Western, Northern and Eastern Cape Provinces were given jurisdiction over him in the same year. In 1999 he arranged Profumo d'Italia Flavour of Italy with the backing of the Italian Ambassador and the Italian-South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry at the V&A Waterfront, a wide-ranging promotion of Italian goods which included a masked ball, two nights of opera, and a There were two million people at the event. The report "Study on the Future of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of Countries" was published in French and English by the secretariat of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of Countries. He wrote a monograph about the work of an Islamic scholar sent in the 19th century to teach the Muslims of the Cape. He owns an office support and internet service, as well as manufacturing wine vats, oil lubricants, and long- lasting milk. <mask> was considered for the position of Chief Executive Officer of NEPAD in the African Union.In December 2012 he published an article in the African Yearbook of Rhetoric on rhetorical action in diplomacy with specific reference to the relative fortunes of Indians in Canada and indigenous peoples in South Africa. This led to an interview on the radio. The Ethics Committee of Southern Wind Shipyard was chaired by <mask> in July of last year. The first Italian ambassador to South Africa, Casa Labia, hosted a prize-award evening for the international Sol d'Oro Southern Hemisphere Olive Oil competition in Cape Town in September 2015. Helen Zille is the premier of the Western Cape and Alan Winde is the minister of agriculture. He was elected Chairman of the society. He was elected as Trustee of the Fish Hoek Valley Museum.Prison Administration in South Africa is one of the reports and articles that Publications Babb has published. The Department of Foreign Affairs was established in 1968. There is training for the Diplomatic Service. The SA Institute for International Affairs was founded in 1975. Where we are in South Africa. The C-FAR Canadian Issue Series was published in 1986. The prime citta d'acqua del Nuovo Mondo can be found on the Capo.The International Centre Cities on Water was published in 2000. The future of the African Caribbean and Pacific group of countries. 13 Feb 2006 Among the Young Turks is Abubakr Effendi.

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Glenn Robin Ware Babb
Glenn
Glenn
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Babb
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Babb
Babb
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texts: <mask> OD, also known as <mask>, is a Jamaican rapper and singer who is regarded as one of the genre's most prolific artists. <mask>'s singles "Get Busy" and "Temperature" both made it to the top of the Hot 100 in the United States, and his albums have been nominated for the Best Reggae Album award. "What About Us" by The Saturdays is one of the many singles that <mask> has been featured in. <mask> was born in Kingston in 1973. His mother is a painter. His paternal great-grandfather's Sephardic Jewish family migrated from Portugal to Jamaica in the 17th century, while his paternal grandmother was Afro-Jamaican. His mother is Chinese and English.<mask> attended a Jewish private school in Jamaica and was raised as a Catholic. His family members are swimmers. His grandfather was a member of the first Jamaican men's water polo team. <mask>'s mother was a butterfly swimmer and his father played water polo for the team in the 1960s. <mask> stopped playing water polo at the age of 21 in order to start his musical career. He was trained in commerce at the University of Technology in order to pursue a career in swimming. Jeremy's brother told him about a singer who sounded like Super Cat at a small open mic event in Kingston.When <mask> came by his studio to ask for advice, he met the singer. The song "Baby Girl" was created during the meeting when <mask> recorded a vocal over Harding's rhythm track. The pair collaborated on several more tracks after <mask> began hanging out at the studio every day. They decided they had something good enough to get on the radio after recording "Infiltrate". As <mask> began to draw attention to himself, he began to look after his affairs. He told HitQuarters that his support of <mask>'s career initially led him to assume the roles of DJ, manager, road manager and security guard. In the 1998 film Belly, <mask> appeared on stage.He collaborated with Mr. Vegas and DMX on the soundtrack of the film. <mask>'s debut album, Stage One, was released in 2000. After a joint venture deal with his label VP Records and Atlantic Records, <mask> released his second album, Dutty Rock, in 2004. The album sold over six million copies due to the success of the singles "Gimme the Light" and "Get Busy". The Reggae album of the year was won by the album Dutty Rock. "Get Busy" was nominated for best rap song. <mask> was heard on two chart hits, one in the U.S. and one in Europe.He was able to push his reputation further in the United States. This album helped develop the genre of dancehall pop, a musical fusion between the rhythmic styles and melodies of pop music. He appeared on Punk'd, 106 & Park, <mask> Respect, Making the Video, and his music videos have been broadcasted on MTV and BET. The <mask>'s third album was released in 2005. "We Be Burnin'", "Ever Blazin'", "Give It Up to Me", and the U.S. chart-topping smash hit "Temperature" were produced by the album. The film Step Up featured the video of "Give It Up to Me" with Keyshia Cole. He was nominated for four awards, including male artist of the year, rap artist of the year, hot 100 single of the year, and pop single of the year.He won the American Music Award for his song "Give It Up to Me" beating out West and Lachey. The Trinity's song "Send It On" was used in a 2005 car ad. VP Records has a number of Riddim driven albums that <mask> contributes to. He performed at the opening ceremony of the Cricket World Cup in Jamaica. <mask> is in both the video game Def Jam: Fight for NY and the sequel, Def Jam: Icon. The Imperial Blaze was released in August of 2009. "So Fine" was released on <mask>'s website on April 26, 2009."So Fine", "Press it Up", "She Want Me", "Private Party", "Lately", "Now That I've" are some of the party tracks on the album. Don Corleone is one of the producers on the album. On the day of the album's release, all the songs were added to <mask>'s website. The album spawned eight music videos. The video "Save A Life" features appearances from <mask>, Da'Ville, and Elephant Man. The benefit concert was held to raise money for a children's hospital. The proceeds went to the Bustamante Hospital for Children.He performed his songs "Temperature", " Hold My Hand", and "So Fine" at the premiere of Big Brother Africa: All-stars. The first single "Got 2 Luv U" features vocals from an American singer. It was released by Atlantic Records. The song was written by <mask>, Ryan Tedder and Stargate. "She Doesn't Mind" is the second single from the album. It was written and produced by Shellback and Benny Blanco. On September 29th, it was released on Skyrock and on the App Store.It was the top seller in Switzerland, but it didn't make it to the top of the charts. <mask> appeared on an episode of Never Mind the Buzzcocks. The film was released in the U.S. in September of 2012 The album was nominated for a grammy. The song "Summer Paradise" features <mask>. <mask>'s first riddim was called "Blaze Fia Riddim" and was released in 2011. In 2012 <mask> was asked to lend his vocals to a song called "Bless Di Nation".<mask>'s sixth studio album Full Frequency was released on February 18, 2014. "Other Side of Love" was the first single to be released on the album. The second single, "Entertainment", features 2 Chainz and Juicy J. The official remix to "Entertainment" was released by <mask> on September 3, 2013. The single "Turn It Up" was released in the UK. It was to be released in Germany in November. The single " Want Dem All" was released in the U.S. on November 5, 2013).The album features guest appearances from a number of people. <mask> was a part of the single "What About Us" by The Saturdays. The single went straight to the top of the Official UK Charts with over 100,000 sales in its first week, becoming the fastest selling single of the year. <mask> was the main international artist at the Fiestas Palmares in Costa Rica. <mask> was featured on the English-language version of "Bailando" by Enrique Iglesias featuring Gente de Zona and Descemer Bueno. The video for the English version was shot at the same time as the video for the Spanish version in Santo Domingo. The English version made it to the top 10 in the United States."Come On to Me" was the second single from the album, after "Aerosol Can", a collaboration with Pharrell Williams. He collaborated with Timaya on a remake of his song "Bum Bum". The video was directed by Shutah Films. The album was nominated for a grammy in 2015. <mask> left Atlantic Records and will become an independent artist. The music video for <mask>'s song "Take It Low" was released in July of 2015. <mask> enjoyed a commercial resurgence in his career throughout 2016 after being featured on three largely successful hit singles by Australian singer Sia, girl band Little Mix and classical group Clean.<mask> performed at the opening ceremony of the Pakistan Super League. On February 11, 2016 a new version of "Cheap Thrills" featuring <mask> was released. The song reached number one in more than a dozen countries, including the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden. On 11 April 2016 it was confirmed that <mask> would be featured on a track by Little Mix called "Hair", from their third album Get Weird. He signed with Island Records in June of 2016 In November 2016 <mask> cited Toots and the Maytals as inspiration when it came to his own career longevity. He's a great artist and he's still doing it.He's up there for a long time and he's doing it. The kind of artists inspire me. I'm going to keep doing music as long as I can. The song "Rockabye" was released by Clean Bandit in October of 2016 and features <mask> and Anne-Marie. It was number one on the UK Singles Chart for nine weeks in a row. "No Lie" was the lead single from Mad Love The Prequel. The Jamaican government announced that he would receive the Order of Distinction, Commander class on October 21st for his contribution to the global popularity and promotion of Reggae music.<mask> was nominated alongside Drake, DJ Snake, and Snow for the 'Favorite Crossover Artist' category of the Latin American Music Awards. <mask>'s 7th studio album was called Live N Livin. <mask>, Spice and Shaggy performed "Go Down Deh" on Good Morning America. Their performance was part of a concert series. <mask>, Spice and Shaggy performed "Go Down Deh" on Jimmy Kimmel Live as part of the Mercedes Benz Concert Series. <mask>, Spice, and Shaggy were interviewed by Wendy on The Wendy Williams Show. Spice, Shaggy and <mask> celebrated with their song "Go Down Deh" in Caribbean Heritage Month in New York.<mask>, Spice and Shaggy were interviewed live on Good Morning Britain. Jamaican musicians making use of "hardcore patois", a mixture of English with several languages spoken in Jamaica, creates a language barrier that prevents them from becoming successful in the United States and the United Kingdom. <mask> married his long-term girlfriend, a Jamaican TV host. The couple was expecting their first child in August of 2016 <mask> announced the birth of his son on February 26th. Their second child was born in August. Discography Stage One includes Dutty Rock, The Trinity, Imperial Blaze, and Full Frequency."Get Busy" is the best male rap solo performance.

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Sean Paul Ryan Francis Henriques
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Sean Paul Ryan Francis Henriques
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