texts: The Kossuth Prize winner is a Hungarian painter named <mask>. <mask> was born in Pécs, Hungary. She studied at both the Free School of Art and the High School of Fine and Applied Art. She graduated from the Academy of Fine Art in 1958 after completing painting and mural courses. Lszl Bencze was her professor for the first three years at the College. She considers the man who oversaw her professional development from as early as 1945 to be her real master. She was an illustrator for the Ferenc Mra Publishing Houses from 1960 to 1960.She followed the Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome for a year after receiving a scholarship from the Italian government. She had her first show at the Galleria Bars. She designed sets and costumes for performances at the National Theatre, the Opera House, and the dry Stage in Hungary. In 1964, <mask> Keser <mask> showed her first abstract paintings at the Jkai Klub in Budapest. In the summer of 1974 she painted a mural in France. The new Sports Palace in Hungary had a mural done by her. She has participated in many group-shows throughout the world.South Korea and Germany hosted the Olympiade des Arts in 1988 and 1992 respectively. <mask> taught drawing and painting at the University of Pécs from 1983 to 2003 as a professor. Szner is a platform for creating and presenting works of large scale at the unused great halls of the Zsolnay Factory in Pécs. The Master School of Fine Arts was founded by her. She lectured at universities in France and the UK as a guest professor. Keser took study trips to various countries throughout her life. In 1984 <mask> received the Mihly Munkcsy Prize, in 1989 she became an Artist of Merit, and in 1996 she was awarded the Cross Order of Merit of the Hungarian Republic.She became a member of the academy in 1993. She received the Kossuth Prize and the Artist of the Nation Award. <mask> Keser lives and works in Pécs, Hungary. The International Biennial of Graphic Design was held in Florence, Italy in 1980. L'Espace Pierre Cardin, Paris, France 1985, Drei Generationen ungarischer Knstler. MODEM Modern Debreceni Mvészeti Kzhaszn Trsasg published the works of <mask> Keser. An investigation of causes and effects in <mask> Keser <mask>'s Oeuvre was published by Katalin.The National Museum of Women in the Arts published Women in the Arts. The third generation of the Hungarian avant-garde was published by Groupe Iparterv. The International Journal of Modern Art was published in 1974 by Studio International Publications. The University of Pécs Danubiana Meulensteen Art Museum Ludwig MuseumAL Gallery and the Florence National Museum of Women in the Arts are external links. There is a work at the Hungarian National Gallery. The Museum of Fine Art is located at the Hungarian National Gallery Artportal.

masks:
Ilona Keser
Ilona Keser
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona


type: paraphrased

texts: The king of the Toungoo Dynasty was Bayinnaung Kyawhtin Nawrahta. Bayinnaung assembled what was probably the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia, which included much of modern-day Myanmar, the Chinese Shan states, and Lan Na. Bayinnaung's greatest legacy was his integration of the Shan states into the Irrawaddy Valley kingdoms. The king put in an administrative system that reduced the power of hereditary saophas and brought customs in line with the lowlands. The overhanging concern since the late 13th century was the threat of Shan raids into Upper Burma. The British took control of the kingdom in 1885. Bayinnaung's administrative policy could not be replicated everywhere.The Kingdom of Toungoo was not part of his empire because its kings were loyal to the Cakkavatti. Two years after his death, Ava and Siam revolted. The Toungoo Empire collapsed after all the vassal states revolted. Bayinnaung is one of the three greatest kings of the country. Some of the most prominent places in the country are named after him. He is also known as the "Conqueror of the Ten Directions" in Thailand. The future king Bayinnaung was born on January 16, 1516, to Shin Myo Myat and Mingyi Swe.His exact ancestry is not known. The extensive chronicle of the king's reign written two years before his death does not mention his ancestry. After the king's death, the official chronicle of the Toungoo Dynasty declared his genealogy. He was born to a gentry family in Toungoo, a former state of the Ava Kingdom. He was descended from the viceroys of Toungoo Tarabya and Minkhaung I. Tabinshwehti and Ye Htut were distantly related to Tarabya I of pakhan. The Maha Yazawin account is repeated in later chronicles.The chronicles tie his ancestry to the previous main dynasties that existed in Upper Burma: the Ava, Sagaing, Myinsaing–Pinya and Pagan dynasties. Despite the official version of royal descent, oral traditions speak of a less grandiose genealogy: that his parents were commoners from a village in the Toungoo district, and that his father was a toddy palm tree climber. During the British colonial period, nationalist writers like Po Kya promoted the commoner origin narrative as proof that a son of a tree climber could become the great emperor. Since being a toddy tree climber does not preclude his having royal ancestors, the chronicle and oral traditions do not need to be mutually exclusive. Both of his parents were chosen to be part of the seven-person staff to take care of the royal baby Tabinshwehti in April 1516. The wet nurse of the prince and heir apparent was Ye Htut's mother. The couple had three more sons, the last of whom died young, and the family moved into the Toungoo Palace precinct.Ye Htut had an elder sister Khin Hpone Soe, three younger brothers, and the youngest who died young. He had two half-brothers, Minkhaung II and Thado Minsaw, who were born to his aunt and his father. When he was a child, Ye Htut played with the prince and the king's other children. The prince and other children were educated in the palace. King Nyo wanted his son to study military arts. Tabinshwehti and Ye Htut were trained in martial arts, horseback riding, elephant riding, and military strategy at the palace. The prince's right-hand man was Ye Htut.Tabinshwehti ascended the throne after the death of Nyo. The new king rewarded his childhood staff and friends with royal titles and positions after taking Ye Htut's elder sister as one of his two principal queens. Ye Htut became a powerful figure in the kingdom because it was surrounded by hostile states. Three and a half years had passed since the confederation of shan states conquered the ava kingdom. The Prome Kingdom was an ally of the Confederation. The Hanthawaddy Kingdom is the wealthiest and most powerful of all post-Pagan kingdoms. The threat became more urgent after the Confederation defeated Prome.Tabinshwehti and the Toungoo leadership concluded that they had to act quickly if they wanted to avoid being swallowed up by the confederation. During the kingdom's mobilizations, Ye Htut made his mark, and was noticed for his strength of character. In 1532, Ye Htut was by the king's side when the king and his 500 most skillful horsemen invaded the Shwemawdaw Pagoda at the outskirts of Pegu, the capital of Hanthawaddy. King Takayutpi was the weak ruler of Hanthawaddy. Ye Htut was an adviser to the young king. As they prepared for war against Hanthawaddy, the close relationship between the two was tested. The affair between Ye Htut and the king's younger half-sister was discovered in April 1534.The commoner's affair with the king's sister was an act of treason. Ye Htut was arrested after rejecting suggestions of a mutiny. Tabinshwehti decided that Ye Htut should be given his sister in marriage and a princely title. Tabinshwehti won the loyalty of his brother-in-law with this decision. Tabinshwehti's decision would pay huge dividends in the following years. Between 1534 and 1549, Toungoo brought war to all of its neighbors and in the process found the largest state in the country. Ye Htut helped administer the kingdom and win many battles for his king.Hanthawaddy, the larger, wealthier kingdom to their south, was attacked in 1534 by Toungoo. Before the Confederation's attention turned to the last remaining holdout in Upper Burma, it was Toungoo's plan to break out of its narrow landlocked realm. Due to the constant flow of refugees from other parts of Upper Burma for the last three decades, Toungoo did not have any foreign firearms, but it did have more manpower than it normally could have. Tabinshwehti and Ye Htut were to cut their teeth in failure. Pegu's well armed, heavily fortified defenses failed against their maiden annual dry-season campaigns. Their performance improved with each successive campaign, penetrating deeper and deeper into Hanthawaddy territory. Pegu was captured in the 1538–1539 campaign.In the Battle of Naungyo, his light forces defeated numerically superior Hanthawaddy forces. The battle is considered the first characteristic touch of the great Bayinnaung. Tabinshwehti gave his brother-in-law the title of Bayinnaung, which means King's Elder Brother, after the battle. By the year 1541, Toungoo had conquered all of Hanthawaddy, gaining complete control of Lower Burma's manpower, access to foreign firearms and maritime wealth to pay for it. Tabinshwehti would use the new assets to expand. Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung continued to grow as military leaders by incorporating Portuguese mercenaries, firearms and military tactics into the Toungoo armed forces. They were helped by the fact that former Hanthawaddy military commanders like Saw Lagun Ein and Smim Payu served as their top military advisers and generals.The Battle of Padaung Pass (1542) against Prome's ally Arakan was one of the key victories that Bayinnaung delivered. Tabinshwehti made Bayinnaung the heir-apparent of the kingdom because he was so happy with the victory. The duo's later campaigns against Arakan and Siam fell short. In both campaigns, Toungoo forces laid siege to the capitals, Mrauk-U and Ayutthaya. They had to retreat both times because they had no answer to the heavily fortified defenses. The cannons supplied by Toungoo had little impact on the walls of the capitals. They did not have enough manpower for long-term sieges.By 1549, Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung had built up the largest polity in the country, stretching from the north to the south. Administrative duties were also given to Bayinnaung. He was appointed chief minister in 1539 by Tabinshwehti. The prime minister's role was limited to managing and coordinating semi-independent tributaries and governors who had control over day-to-day administration and manpower. Smim Payu and Saw Lagun Ein were appointed by the king to assist Bayinnaung with central administration. Tabinshwehti gave up all of his duties to Bayinnaung in 1549 in order to devote more time to hunting. Bayinnaung said he would try to win back the king's sense of duty to his own kingdom after the court urged him to take over the throne.He was unsuccessful. Even when faced with a serious rebellion by Smim Htaw, the king asked Bayinnaung to suppress the rebellion and went on another months-long hunting trip. Tabinshwehti was assassinated by his own bodyguards on the order of Smim Sawhtut, one of the king's close advisers. Smim Sawhtut declared himself king. <mask>'s own brother Minkhaung II was one of the major governors and viceroys. Bayinnaung had been Tabinshwehti's heir apparent since 1542, but no one acknowledged him as the rightful successor. Bayinnaung was chasing after Smim Htaw's rebels when he heard about the assassination.He helped found and expand the Toungoo Empire for the last 16 years. He was a king without a kingdom. The kingdom would have to be rebuilt again. With few but faithful troops, he plotted his next moves. His two younger brothers remained loyal to him. His most trusted adviser and "best commander" was an ethnic Mon commander named Binnya Dala. He didn't have any foreign mercenaries who could handle firearms, so he sent for his favorite Portuguese mercenary who impressed him in the Siamese campaign.Soares was warmly received by Bayinnaung after he returned with his men. Bayinnaung was ready to start the restoration project after the assassination. Bayinnaung and his advisers decided that their war of restoration would begin at Toungoo, the original home of the dynasty. It was a calculated gamble since they would have to pass through Pegu-controlled territory. They gambled because they thought Bayinnaung would find the best support in his native Toungoo rather than deep in the Mon country. Bayinnaung and his unit of fighting men left for Toungoo in June. They crossed over to the eastern side of Bago Yoma north of Pegu.Smim Sawhtut came out with his army to stop them. Bayinnaung paid "no more heed than a lion does to jackals" and marched on. Sawhtut did not engage them after learning that Bayinnaung's target was not Pegu. Outside of Toungoo, Bayinnaung set up a camp. The ministers and soldiers of Tabinshwehti's old court fled to Bayinnaung. In 16th-century Burma, vertical patron-client structures often preempted horizontal ones, even those as strong as ethnic identity and cultures. He had amassed a serious fighting force of 9500 men, 200 horses, 20 elephants, 200 war boats.The land and naval forces attacked the city on September 2nd. Minkhaung surrendered on January 11th, 1551. Bayinnaung forgives his brother. He was crowned king at the temporary palace on the same day. His men were given upgraded titles and positions. His oldest son was made the heir apparent. The Toungoo command chose Prome as their next target.Bayinnaung's army attacked the city with 9000 troops, 300 horses, 25 elephants. The city's musket and cannon fire kept them at bay for three months. On June 19, 1551, he retreated and regrouped with men from the central part of the country. The city was taken by another 9000-strong army on 30 August 1551. Bayinnaung regretted ordering the execution of the ruler of Prome. He appointed his younger brother as the viceroy of Prome. Bayinnaung was able to complete the conquest of northernmost central Burma by mid-September 1551.His uncle was the governor. He wanted to take advantage of the civil war between King Mobye Narapati and the governor of Sagaing. He had to leave quickly as Pegu forces moved toward Toungoo. Bayinnaung decided that Pegu must be eliminated first because his forces withdrew from his territory. Bayinnaung was joined by Mobye Narapati, who had been driven out of Ava. After five months of preparation, Bayinnaung's army left Toungoo on February 28, 1552, and arrived in Pegu on March 12, 1552. Smim Htaw came out and challenged Bayinnaung to single combat, which Bayinnaung accepted.Two men are fighting elephants. Htaw and his elephant were driven off the field by Bayinnaung. Htaw's men fled. Htaw and his army went back to the Irrawaddy delta. The eastern delta towns were taken by the Toungoo armies by the end of March. Htaw's army briefly retook Dala in a daring attack, but they were defeated near Bassein in May. His army, including his chief queen and father-in-law, were captured.Htaw narrowly escaped. He was captured and executed in March 1553. Bayinnaung gained control of the three Mon-speaking regions. He appointed his younger brother as viceroy. After Tabinshwehti's death, Bayinnaung restored the king's empire. He considered his job unfinished because Siam was the rightful successor of Tabinshwehti. The governor of Bassein, Binnya Law, recommended that he attack Ava instead of invading Siam.The king sent a combined land and naval force led by his heir apparent. The new king was ready. He enlisted troops from five allied Shan states and from his own states throughout the Mu valley and Kyaukse districts. The invasion was called off by Nanda. Bayinnaung decided to consolidate his gains. His capital Pegu was home to a new palace called Kanbawzathadi. He was crowned king on January 12th, 1554.His queen was crowned with the name Agga Mahethi. He was given complete control of foreign firearms and maritime wealth during the Toungoo Empire's expansion. In the next two decades, he would use these assets for further expansions, and by pyramiding manpower and resources from newly conquered lands, he would find the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. The largest invasion force to date was assembled by Bayinnaung by late 1554, with 18,000 men, 900 horses, 80 elephants, 140 war boats. There were precautions taken on the frontiers to guard against attacks. In November 1554, the Toungoo forces launched a two-pronged invasion, one up the Sittaung valley and the other up the Irrawaddy valley. Nine confederation armies supported by Avan defenses could not stop the advance and the capital fell.The king was sent to Pegu. Thado Minsaw viceroy was appointed by Bayinnaung. The remaining armies were driven out of the Chindwin valley up to Monywa, the Mu valley up to Myedu, and the Kyaukse valley up to Singu by late March. Most of the food of the country was produced and its population lived in the "heartland" of the Irrawaddy and Sittaung river valleys. Myedu, his northernmost outpost, was only about 100 miles from the nearest town, and it was tenuous since he had not secured the support of the surrounding Shan states, which had been the source of constant raids into the upcountry since the 14th century. If his hold on Upper Burma was to last, he needed to bring the unruly states under control. By 1556, the king and his court decided that the entire Irrawaddy valley needed to be reduced in one shot.Lan Na was an


texts: ally of the powerful state of Mone. Over 30,000 men, 1200 horses, 60 elephants, 180 war boats, and 100 cargo boats were assembled by the Toungoo command for the invasion. The invasion began in January of 1557. The armies left their base in December and January. The force worked. Each state submitted one after another. By March 1557, Bayinnaung in one stroke controlled most of the cis-Salween Shan states from the Patkai range at the Assam border in the northwest to the present-day Kachin State.After the army left, order broke down. The powerful state of Mone, which did not face the invasion, revolted with the help of Lan Na, a brother of Mone's ruler. The new saopha was appointed by Bayinnaung and the Mone forces occupied Thibaw. In November 1557, five Toungoo armies led by the king invaded and occupied Mone and Thibaw. Theinni, Mowun, Kaingma, Sanda, and Latha were Chinese vassals by the end of 1557. Thado Minsaw's army was already in Thibaw when the Toungoo command considered attacking Theinni. While Lan Na remained a threat to the south, they decided not to open another front.The Kingdom of Lan Na had been involved in battles between two branches of the Mengrai dynasty. The rule of King Mekuti of the House of Mone was resisted by King Setthathirath of Lan Xang. After Bayinnaung and his armies showed up at the gates of Chiang Mai on 31 March 1558, Mekuti surrendered. Several artisans, many of whom were notable lacquerware workers, were brought back to Pegu after the king allowed Mekuti to remain ruler of Lan Na. He left a small garrison of 1000 men. The order broke down after the main armies left. The eastern provinces of Lan Na were occupied by Setthathirath.The combined armies drove out the Lan Xang forces from the territories after Thado Minsaw's army reinforced Chiang Mai's defenses. Lan Xang's defeat solidified Toungoo Burma's emergence as the premier power in the Shan country. Even if they continued to pay tribute to China, the remaining states fell in line. Theinni sent a tribute on July 26th. The smaller Chinese states of Mowun, Kaingma, Latha and Sanda took part in missions in the early 1559's. Bayinnaung immediately put manpower from the newly acquired territories to acquire more territory. On December 2, 1559, he ordered an invasion of Manipur to address the small kingdom's alleged transgressions.Binnya Dala was recalled to lead the invasion. The armies consisted of 10,000 men, 300 horses, 30 elephants and were mostly made up of conscripts. February 1560 is when the raja surrendered. The king spent the next two years preparing for war against Siam, which he considered his unfinished business. He set up a garrison at Tavoy. He wanted to get more manpower as well as to secure the rear in order to bring the trans-Salween Shan states into his fold. The chronicles show that he was responding to a July 1562 rebellion by his cis-Salween Chinese Shan states.It may have been a pretext. Four 12,000-strong armies were sent by him. The southernmost state of Kengtung was submitted before the invasion. The armies invaded the Taping valley in March/April 1563. The local saophas were secured by the armies. Bayinnaung has at least nominal suzerainty over the Chinese Shan states from the cis-Salween states in the Taping valley to Kenghung in the east. With much of western mainland Southeast Asia under his control, Bayinnaung was ready to take on Siam.Siam could not be overwhelmed by the strength of his Portuguese firearms alone, so he needed an overwhelming advantage in manpower. Portuguese firearms, ships and mercenaries were part of the forces of Siam, which was a prosperous coastal power. On July 16, 1563, he sent an embassy to Siam, demanding that one of the white elephants be given to the Siamese king as a tribute. King Maha Chakkraphat refused. The armies left Pegu on 1 November 1563 with 600,000 men, 2400 horses and 360 elephants. King Mekuti of Lan Na revolted against the army that was supposed to come down. The route of the invasion was through central Siam.The key central town was taken by the armies in December of 1563. Three armies fanned out to acquire key central Siam cities. The armies faced little opposition after a five-day battle. The rulers of the three cities as well as the ruler of Phichit were reappointed to their positions. The armies went to Ayutthaya. They were kept at bay for weeks by the Siamese fort, aided by three Portuguese warships and batteries at the harbor. The fort fell after the Portuguese ships and batteries were captured by the invaders.The king of Siamese surrendered. The fallen king was taken by Bayinnaung and sent to Pegu. He left a garrison of 3000 after appointing a son of the fallen king. According to Thai sources, Bayinnaung also took Prince Ramesuan, the oldest son of Maha Chakkraphat, back with him. Although he had conquered Siam, he still needed to deal with the middle Tai country. King Mekuti of Lan Na allied himself with Setthathirath of Lan Xang. Bayinnaung led five armies of 64,000 men, 3600 horses, 330 elephants and began a two-pronged invasion of Lan Na.Ramesuan, the former crown prince of Siam, led the troops who hailed from all over the empire. The force worked. The commanders leading Chiang Mai's defense fled the city when four southern armies showed up at Lamphun. Mekuti asked for forgiveness. Bayinnaung spared the king's life and sent him to Pegu. The king stayed in Lan Na for four months. He left Chiang Mai on April 10, 1565 to deal with a rebellion in Pegu.Lan Xang proved to be a much more difficult project. Three armies led by the crown prince invaded Lan Xang and captured Vientiane on January 2, 1565 King Setthathirath was able to escape. For the next several months, the Burmese troops chased him and his small group of men around the Laotian countryside. Many troops died of disease. The armies left Vientiane on 1 August 1565 after the Burmese command gave up. The son-in-law of Setthathirath was installed as a vassal king.Setthathirath's 18-year-old brother, Maha Ouparat, was brought back by them. For the rest of Bayinnaung's reign, Lan Na was to be at peace. At Vientiane, the king's authority was limited to the capital. Setthathirath would return to Vientiane in late 1567. Bayinnaung had at least nominal control over the lands stretching from the northwest to the east and from the north to the south after the Lan Xang campaign. He was to keep the empire intact for nearly a decade. He faced no new rebellions for the next two years after the 1565 rebellion.The capital and the palace were rebuilt because of the rebellion. The capital had 20 gates, each named after the person who built it. Each gate had two tiers of pyatthat and wooden doors. The Kanbawzathadi Palace was officially opened in March of 1568. He upgraded the titles of four former kings living in Pegu. Even as he triumphantly entered the new palace as the universal ruler, trouble was already brewing in Lan Xang. He was told that Setthathirath's forces had taken back Vientiane and were raiding eastern districts of central Siam and Lan Na.He rushed down troops from the two states to the border. It was a rush job. The army was only able to muster 6000 troops on short notice. There was more bad news. On May 12th, 1568, he learned that southern Siam had revolted and entered into an alliance with Lan Xang. The deposed king of Siam who Bayinnaung had just showered with honors, was the leader of the rebellion. The monk flung off his robe and declared independence.All was not lost. The ruler of central Siam was loyal to him. An army of 6000 was sent by Bayinnaung on May 29, 1568. The war started in June. Desperate to consolidate the Chao Phraya valley before the expected dry-season invasion, combined Ayutthaya and Lan Xang forces braved unforgiving rainy season conditions. The reinforced defenses held up. The besiegers retreated to their respective cities before the invasion.The armies of Bayinnaung arrived on November 27th, 1568. In December 1568, the combined armies of 70,000 marched down along the Chao Phraya to Ayutthaya, and laid siege to the city. Despite taking huge losses, the Burmese armies could not break through for months. When Setthathirath and his army approached to relieve the city, Bayinnaung left Binnya Dala in command of the siege and left with half his force to meet the enemy. Lan Xang ceased to be of concern to the siege operations after he defeated Setthathirath northeast of the city on 8 May 1569. His son made an offer of surrender after his father died. It was turned down.Bayinnaung wanted a surrender. He pretended to be a deserter and sent one of his Siamese nobles to the city. He was appointed to a high command. One of the city's gates was opened through the machinations of the spy. On August 2, 1569, the city fell. The king of Siam was appointed by Bayinnaung. Keeping remote, mountainous states in the farthest corners of his empire in check was Bayinnaung's greatest challenge after he defeated Siam.More problems for the king's armies were caused by guerilla warfare and difficult terrain than the armies of Siam ever did. The remote hilly Lan Xang was the most troublesome. The invasion of Lan Xang was led by him. Setthathirath retreated into the jungle in February 1570 after making a stand at Vientiane. Bayinnaung and his men combed the countryside. Setthathirath was nowhere to be found and many of the troops died of hunger and long marches. Bayinnaung ended the search in April 1570.Few men of the original army were able to reach their own country when the king returned to Pegu. Lan Xang was not the only mountainous region that the king had trouble controlling. In July 1571, the northern states of Mohnyin and Mogaung revolted. Two armies were sent by him. The armies were able to regain control of the states. The troops spent five months chasing after the saophas in the snow-clad foothills of the Himalayas. The garrison at Vientiane was sacked by Setthathirath's forces.After the Lan Xang king was killed, a senior minister and general took over the throne. The events took place a year earlier in Laotian history. In the dry season of 1570–1571, Setthathirath retook Vientiane. Bayinnaung's ultimatum was refused by Soulintha. A small army of 6000 was sent by Bayinnaung to lead an invasion, with most of the troops coming from Lan Na and Siam. The Toungoo court underestimated the opposition. Lan Xang's strength was more than that of Setthathirath.The small Burmese army had to retreat after being attacked by guerrillas. Despite the fact that he had given the general little to work with, the king was furious at Binnya Dala, his most trusted adviser and favorite general. The general who had won him many battles died from illness six months after he was exiled to a sickly place. He ordered the levy to be raised to invade Lan Xang in the following dry season. The kingdom had been in constant campaign mode, and his annual demands of more levies were pushing his vassals to the breaking point. The king agreed to delay the expedition for a year after his senior advisers murmured loudly. The respite didn't help restore the ranks of vassals.When the conscription drive came in 1574, the northernmost states refused and revolted. The king was unaffected. He personally led the Lan Xang campaign and ordered Thado Minsaw to take care of the northern states. On 1 October 1574, Thado Minsaw's army made up of 6000 men, 800 horses, 80 elephants, marched north. The Lan Xang campaign began six days after Bayinnaung's four armies (34,000 men, 1800 horses, 180 elephants) were formed. The armies arrived in Vientiane. On December 6, 1574, the king and his armies entered Vientiane, as Soulintha had already left the country.Soulintha was arrested by his own officers and presented to the conqueror. The Lao countryside, including easternmost Lan Xang, is now part of Vietnam. On April 16, 1575, the younger brother of Setthathirath, Maha Oupahat, was appointed king of Lan Xang and returned to Pegu. The populace accepted him as the heir to the throne because he was a true high Lan Xang royal. Lan Xang was under control. Bayinnaung had a problem with the low-grade rebellion in Mohnyin and Mogaung. The chiefs retreated to the jungle after the army left.The leader of the rebellion, the young saopha of Mogaung, had been appointed by the king to the office in 1572, and the king was annoyed that he had raised him at the Pegu palace. In late 1575, he personally marched north and sent several battalions to comb the jungles. One battalion ran into the rebels and killed the saopha. The saopha of Mogaung was on the run for over a year and a half. The king ordered that the young saopha be exhibited in fetters for a week at each of the twenty gates of Pegu, and that he and his followers be sold as slaves in India. The rest of Bayinnaung's reign was relatively quiet as no one wanted to challenge him. His support was sought by other states in the region.Bayinnaung had long tried to promote and protect the religion of Theravada Buddhism. He bought land to keep the lights on at the shrine two decades ago. His craftsmen cleaned the temple with a broom made of his and his queen's hair. In 1560, after hearing that the Portuguese had taken the tooth relic, he sent envoys to secure it and send shiploads of rice and silver to Malacca. Viceroy de Leo Pereira overruled the viceroy by threatening him with an Inquisition style trial. In 1561, the archbishop placed the tooth in a mortar, grounded it to powder, burned it in a brazier, and cast the ashes into the river. The true tooth had remained in the island despite the fact that the relic had been destroyed.There are two teeth that are claimed to be the real tooth. The jockeys for Bayinnaung's support were Kotte and Kandy. The king of Kotte was the most active. He told Bayinnaung who his daughter was. The princess received a great reception at Bassein. According to G.E. The Kotte king's action was not voluntary, as he had to fulfill a prophecy by sending the daughter of a chamberlain, who he had treated as his own.Dharmapala, who had converted to Catholicism, continued to curry favor by sending what he claimed was the real tooth relic, ostensibly to be safeguarded under the protection of the great Buddhist king. His main goal was to get military help against the rebellion. The tooth was received in July of 1576. It is unclear if Bayinnaung believed in the authenticity of the relic, but the possession of a holy tooth, which millions of people believed in, was the most important. Bayinnaung sent 2500 of his best "invulnerables" from all parts of the empire in five ships. The rebellion was easily defeated by the king's best troops. The rulers of the four kingdoms of


texts: Ceylon were told to safeguard the religion by the generals.The king offered a daughter and what he claimed was the real tooth. His Majesty would not allow the case to be reopened and dismissed the skeptics with thanks. There were no troubles when Queen Visuddhadevi of Lan Na died on January 2, 1579. One of Bayinnaung's sons, Nawrahta Minsaw, was chosen to take over the throne. He took no chances when there were instabilities in Lan Xang. He sent an army of 22,000 men, 1200 horses, 120 elephants and faced no opposition. The vassal king of Lan Xang Maha Ouparat died in 1580 and Bayinnaung installed Sen Soulintha as his successor.There was no mention of any change for the rest of the king's reign. During his reign, the king commissioned a Buddhist pagoda in Lan Xang. The vassal king died in September/ October 1588. By 1580, the "universal ruler" had subdued all the countries which had occupied his attention for the last three decades, but he also had the respect of neighboring states. He did not face any internal or external threats. He looked at the kingdom he and Tabinshwehti unsuccessfully tried to conquer. He decided that it was time for the western coastal kingdom to become a vassal of the Pagan kings once more.He sent an embassy to Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire to see if his occupation of Arakan would be seen as hostile to the Mughals. On 15 October 1580, the king sent an 8000-strong naval invasion force. Sandoway was occupied by the fleet of 200 ships in November 1580. The king could not lead the assault on Mrauk-U alone because of his failing health. The invasion force was inactive for a year. The king sent additional land and naval forces on August 28th in preparation for the coming dry season. The invasion forces withdrew after the king died.Bayinnaung assembled the largest empire in history. The empire spanned from Manipur to Cambodian marches and the borders of Arakan to Yunnan, and likely received "propitiatory homage" from states as far east as Vietnam and Cambodia. His realm was the largest empire in the history of mainland Southeast Asia and probably the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. Pegu is the most powerful monarchy in Asia, according to the Portuguese. Bayinnaung ended his reign as an "emperor without an empire". Bayinnaung conquered territories to gain the loyalty of their rulers, according to Than Tun. He kept conquered kings and lords in their positions as long as they were loyal to him.The concept of thissa ('allegiance') and kyezu ('obligation') was used to hold the extensive polity together. He presented himself as cakkavatti, or World Ruler, par excellence. The king was following the Southeast Asian administrative model of solar polities in which the high king ruled the core while semi-independent tributaries and governors were in charge of day-to-day administration and manpower. The "King of Kings" ruled only Pegu and the Mon country, leaving the rest of the realm to other kings. Lan Na was the most important of the vassal states and he spent a lot of time there. The majority of ministers were of ethnic Mon background. The Italian translation of smim, Mon for lord, was used to describe the court official.He had a chief minister who was known for his military and administrative abilities. Administrative reforms were only introduced at the margins. The prevailing administration system, which barely worked for small states like his native Toungoo, was replaced by the largest one in the region. It didn't work for the mid-size kingdoms of Hanthawaddy, Lan Na, and Siam. Ava had to contend with Prome and Toungoo, Pegu, and other places. The system was stretched thinner because of the sheer size of the empire. The Toungoo kings had no choice but to retain it.He introduced a key reform which turned out to be the most enduring of his legacies. Since the late 13th century, Upper Burma has been raided by the Shan states. The king allowed the saophas of the states to keep their royal regalia and ceremonies. The office of the saopha was hereditary. The king's choice of successor was limited to members of the saopha's own family. The key innovation was that he required sons of his rulers to reside in his palace as pages, who served a dual purpose: they were hostages for good conduct of their fathers and they received valuable training in Burmese court life. The British took control of the kingdom in 1885.His reforms were experimental and ad hoc. His vassals were loyal to him, not Toungoo Burma. His 17th-century successors would expand the reforms he started. They didn't take root enough after his death to prevent his empire from collapsing in the next two decades. A measure of legal uniformity was introduced by His Majesty when he summoned learned monks and officials from all over his empire to prescribe an official collection of law books. The scholars based their work on King Wareru's dhammathat. His court decisions were collected in Hanthawaddy Hsinbyumyashin.The new law was compatible with customs and practices of local society, as he promoted it throughout the empire. In his reign, the adoption of customary law and the calendar in Siam began. The weights and measures were standardized throughout the realm. Bayinnaung's introduction of a more orthodox Theravada Buddhism was one of his legacies. King Dhammazedi began religious reforms in the late 1470s. The king built pagodas in every new state he conquered, as he viewed himself as the "model Buddhist king." He distributed copies of the scriptures, fed monks and 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Some of the pagodas are still to be seen, and in later ages the Burmese would point to them as proof of their claim to rule those countries still.Following in the footsteps of Dhammazedi, he supervised mass ordinations in Pegu in his orthodox Theravada Buddhism in order to purify the religion. He did not allow human and animal sacrifice in the kingdom. The practice of killing slaves and animals at a saopha's funeral was forbidden by him. His attempts to remove animist nat worship from Buddhism failed. He donated jewels to adorn the crowns of many pagodas. After the death of his beloved queen, he added a new spire to the Shwedagon. The Mahazedi Pagoda was his main temple.He tried to get the release of the tooth from the Portuguese invaders. In the 1570s, he interfered with the internal affairs of Ceylon to protect the Buddha Sasana. His kingdom had a few wealthy maritime trading ports. Syriam was the main port. Rice and jewels were exported from the kingdom. The king appointed eight brokers to handle overseas trade at Pegu. The fee was two percent.European merchants appreciated their honesty and business-like methods. The capital had wealth. Europeans would never tire of describing Pegu, the long moat full of crocodiles, the walls, the watch-towers, the gorgeous palace, the great processions with elephants and palanquins, and the shrines filled with images of massy gold. Merchant shipping was supervised by officials appointed by the king. The prosperous life at the capital was probably not duplicated in the countryside. The manpower needed to cultivate the rice fields was reduced. Severe rice shortages, such as in 1567, were caused by perilously low harvests.Military Bayinnaung built the largest empire in Southeast Asia on the back of military conquests. His success has been attributed to a "more martial Toungoo tradition", Portuguese firearms, foreign mercenaries, and larger forces. He was a product of Toungoo, a rebellion-prone former vassal of Ava, where he received a military-style education as a young man. He and Tabinshwehti launched their first campaign against Hanthawaddy when they were just 18. Portuguese cannon and matchlocks arrived in large quantities at the beginning of their military careers. The accuracy, safety, and rapidity of fire to Asian-made firearms were superior to Portuguese weaponry. The duo arrived at the coast on the verge of this transformation, and quickly turned it to their advantage, incorporating Portuguese firearms as well as Portuguese and Indian Ocean mercenaries into their forces.The use of guns by Indigenous infantry and elephant units began in the late 16th century. Had Toungoo attacked Pegu a generation later, it is possible that Portuguese guns could have given Pegu the victory. Toungoo took Hanthawaddy's advantages and turned them into an empire. Bayinnaung was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Every new state was required to provide conscripts for his next campaign. Using superior firearms and larger forces, he was able to reduce the entire Shan world to a tributary status. The difference against Siam was due to his larger forces and their fighting experience.Siam was not his greatest adversary. It was the remote mountainous states like Lan Xang that gave him trouble. Many of his men died from disease and starvation, year after year. Since it made it to the chronicles, the death toll must have been significant. He was lucky that Setthathirath died. His military could not bring lasting peace. He needed competent local rulers who commanded the respect of the local populace to rule the lands on his behalf.He used the political solution to maintain peace. The individual ingredients can't explain his success. The same ingredients were available to his successorsTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkia No one in the successor states of his empire could put them together. He raised tens of thousands of men for his major campaigns. The Toungoo successors raised a third. The Konbaung kings raised nearly as many men as the army.He was always in the field, leading every major campaign in person. The measure of his ability is the failure of other kings. The king died after a long illness. His full name was "Thiri Tri Bawa Naditra Pawara Pandita Thudhamma Yaza Maha Dipadi". The throne was taken over by his son and heir-apparent. Bayinnaung's empire, built on military conquests and maintained by both military power and personal relationships with the rulers, was to fall soon after. Sanda and Thaungthut revolted in September 1582, when the first crack appeared in the far north.March 1583 was when the rebellion was put down. More serious cracks followed. The rebellion in October 1583 was put down in April 1584. On May 3, 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 The entire empire would be lost in the process of fighting Siam and other former vassals. The king had over 50 junior queens. He left 97 children.There is a list of notable queens. Suphankanlaya is a notable queen of Bayinnaung. Legacy Bayinnaung is considered to be one of the greatest kings in the history of the country. The king is most remembered for his military conquests in Thailand and Laos. His reign was called the greatest explosion of human energy ever seen. The soldier-king is the favorite king of the generals. According to Thant Myint-U, the generals see themselves as fighting the same enemies and in the same places.A way to justify present action is the past closer. The process of welding a nation together by force is not just history. He is known as the "Conqueror of the Ten Directions" in Thailand. He has not been portrayed negatively in Thai history books. The founder of an empire geographically centered in Siam is well known by the Thai people, and often still treated with respect. King Setthathirath is revered for his resistance to the empire. Though he is best known for building an empire, his greatest legacy was his integration of the Shan states, which eliminated the threat of raids into Upper Burma since the late 13th century.His policy of reducing the power of hereditary saophas and bringing hill customs in line with low-land norms was greatly enhanced by later Toungoo kings. The final fall of the kingdom to the British took place in 1885. In his reign, the adoption of customary law and the calendar in Siam began. The Burmese calendar was used by Siam until 1889. There are many ways in which Bayinnaung is commemorated. One of the statues of kings that tower over the main parade square in Naypyidaw is the Bayinnaung Bridge. The statues of Anawrahta and Alaungpaya are the other two.One of the five student teams in the UMS Bayinnaung is one of the main characters in popular culture. Bayinnaung is a father figure for prince Naresuan in the first part of the film series. The Gaspero Balbi Account of Pegu was written by Cesar Fedrici. The Flight of Lao War Captives from Burma back to Lao in 1596: A Comparison of Historical Sources Jon Fernquest, Mae Fa Luang University. The rulers of the Toungoo Empire died in the 16th


texts: <mask> is a women's health advocate. The Native American Community Board and the Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center were founded by Asetoyer. She was appointed to the National Advisory Council for Health and Human Services. She was awarded the Woman of Vision award by the Ms. Foundation. On March 24, 1951, <mask> was born in San Jose, California to a mother and father of European descent. She was no stranger to hardship when she was in high school. Asetoyer staged a school-wide sit-in in the high school cafeteria to protest the food conditions and demand a hot-lunch program.By the end of the week, her school had implemented new lunch arrangements that met the desired standards. Asetoyer dropped out of high school in order to expand her business because of the impact fashion and women's beauty had on her young life. She said that she learned more in the coffee shops and streets of California than in the halls of her high school. She ran her own dress shop in San Francisco until 1971 when she closed it to enroll in San Francisco City College. San Francisco brought important elements into Asetoyer's life, including her marriage to Dennis Duncan. She worked as a counselor at the Urban Indian Health Clinic in SF's financial district after her marriage to Dennis Duncan, as she merged her activist work and women's health care. Her job was one of the best things to come from her marriage to Duncan, his abusive nature led her to end their relationship in 1977 and she moved out of California.Asetoyer moved to South Dakota in 1977 and obtained a bachelor's degree in criminal justice from the University of South Dakota in 1981. When <mask> graduated from college in 1981 she married Clarence Rockboy and moved to Vermont. Asetoyer expanded her education and family while in the American Northeast. She gave birth to her first child, a boy named Chaska. Clarence's nephew, Reynold James Brugier, was adopted by the couple after Chaska's birth. In 1983, Asetoyer obtained a dual master's degree in Management and Intercultural Administration from Vermont's School for International Training. Their time in Vermont was brief.Clarence's father's death caused the family to return to South Dakota in 1983. Clarence was to serve a four-year sentence at the reservation in order to fulfill a cultural and religious memorial commitment after his father's passing. The beginning of <mask> <mask>'s activist and political career can be seen in his return to Sioux Falls. Her work in California and her own abusive marriage pushed <mask> <mask> to help more women. <mask> was a young activist in the early 1970s when the American Indian Movement organized a walk from Canada and across the United States to protest the forced sterilization of Native women. In the late 1970s, 25% of Native women between the ages of 15 and 44 were estimated to have been sterilized by the Indian Health Services without their consent. AIM was a protest of the treatment of Native Americans.In 1978, Asetoyer and many other women involved in AIM joined forces and sought to reconstruct and modernize women's role in the Native community, giving them back some independence within the family unit and in regard to their own healthcare. A group of more than 300 women separated from the American Indian Movement in order to create a more specific group for women. The group known as Women of All Red Nations was formed by these women. The first activist organization of Charon Asetoyer was called Women of All Red Nations, commonly abbreviated as WARN. Asetoyer created a subdivision of WARN that focused on women's healthcare. The American Indian Movement was growing throughout the American 1980s. WARN wanted to help Native American women who were underrepresented in society.Fetal alcohol syndrome and forced sterilization were two of the most prominent issues of women's health that the organization targeted under <mask>'s leadership. <mask>'s strong willed personality clashed with the politics of WARN, and in 1985 she abandoned the organization and her own branch in order to form a more meaningful program that operated precisely how she wanted it to. The Native American Community Board was born in the basement of Clarence Rockboy and <mask>'s family home in Lake Andes, South Dakota. The NACB's mission was to help out Natives on the reservation and in the area with any problems they encountered. The NACB planned out certain campaigns in order to bring awareness to issues in the community, and their first project was centered around what Asetoyer worked on at WARN- fetal alcohol syndrome. I wanted to be serious about this work. I felt that it was an issue that was affecting our communities and that we needed to get a handle on it.The NACB looked at the causes of fetal alcohol syndrome and focused on educational initiatives for young mothers that would lead to better lives for mom and child alike. As Asetoyer and the NACB embarked on this journey to try and transform life on the Yankton Sioux Reservation in South Dakota, they uncovered even more issues among the community. While working on fetal alcohol syndrome objectives, Asetoyer was changing the general knowledge of women in the area. Asetoyer worked to spread the word about acknowledging the issues at hand, preventative ideology, elements for treatment, and simply about the fundamental components that would increase the standard of living within the Native American community in order to create the Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center. She met other like minded individuals that were also seeking change by spreading awareness. The creation of the Native American Women's Health Educational Resource Center was <mask> <mask>'s dream and she named it after her. NACB established NAWHERC to provide ongoing comprehensive community health education among Native Americans and to impact policy issues that affect indigenous women nationally and internationally.Asetoyer was inspired by the National Black Women's Health Imperative after visiting their headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. NAWHERC began attacking a wide range of issues within the Native American female community, focusing primarily on elements relating to domestic violence and reproductive health. It had already established a domestic violence outpost for victims and survivors, an extensive list of reproductive health programs, information on environmental safety elements, Native American cultural preservation, and was intently circulating literature in relation to AIDs symptoms, treatment, and prevention following the crisis that took place earlier in the The treatment and prevention of AIDs was discussed by NAWHERC. With the help of <mask> <mask>'s leadership, the Native American Women's Health Educational Research Center changed life in the city. The center's influence on leading Native women's health initiatives and community learning grew as the center grew. The NAWHERC branch is the primary headquarters for NACB activism.NAWHERC expanded their services to include things like general help forums. More treatment centers for a variety of issues, more extensive health screening to involve prevalent concerns like breast cancer, and even more critical interests. Domestic situations are still one of the center's top priorities and NAWHERC seeks to bring attention to the rampant domestic abuse in Native families. NAWHERC sponsors a group where women can come together and share their experiences with one another on the topic, provide advice and information, and alert women of the safe spaces and shelters they offer; the center attentively pushes a 'woman's right to leave' campaign and extends help in a The center makes sure that the voices of these women are heard, not just in the community, but at the state and national level as well. Improvements in informed consent, the provision of patients with results for abnormal Pap tests and mammograms, treatment for HIV+ patients, patient confidentiality, and the discontinuation of Norplant are some of the policy changes resulted in by NAWHERC's work. Asetoyer is active in women's rights conventions and travels extensively to speak around the world.In the early 2000s, <mask> tried to continue her political career by running for Mayor of Lake Andes and a state senate seat. In the mid 2000s, she fought against polling centers that prevented Natives from voting. In 2004, a polling place in Lake Andes, South Dakota had an illegitimate sign that said in order to vote, a valid photo ID was required. <mask> <mask> stood up against this injustice with the proof that it was not legal to require an ID and that there were government-accepted alternate documents. Asetoyer claimed that at least twenty Native Americans were turned away from the polls because poll workers were forcing incorrect information on them. Chris Nelson is the Secretary of State in South Dakota. Nelson set out to educate poll workers and higher-ups at the polls after agreeing with Asetoyer.She spoke at the World Conference for Human Rights in front of the United Nations and directly to US presidents. Political change at the federal level has been influenced by <mask>. She has served on both the National Environmental Justice Advisory Committee of the EPA and the National Advisory Council for Health and Human Services. She identifies as a pro-woman, pro-choice democrat and still searches for work as a political activist. The Native American women are still at the top of <mask> <mask>'s priority list despite her political strides. In 2003 <mask> published the book Indigenous Women's Health Book within the Sacred Circle: Reproductive Rights, Environmental Health, Traditional Herbs and Remedies so proceeds benefit her organization. The Indigenous Women's Health Book was the first book to address reproductive issues and feminine health of indigenous women.<mask> <mask> has received numerous awards throughout her forty plus years of feminist activism for the Native American community, but her notable distinctions and accolades aren't stopping her anytime soon; <mask> says there is still an extensive amount of work that needs to be done in so many areas A woman pushed <mask> <mask> to help the Native women in need as she learned the power of collective unifying at a young age. Asetoyer has touched the hearts and lives of countless Native American women by standing up for their rights, protecting them, and giving them a feminist icon to look up to. She has changed living and health conditions for female Natives through her many organizations, even in the face of opposition. An oral history interview with <mask> <mask> is at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. People from San Jose, California, and Charles Mix County, South Dakota are alumni of the University of South Dakota.

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Charon Virginia Asetoyer
Charon Asetoyer
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texts: <mask> was an American wildlife and paleo artist best known for his detailed paintings of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals. His works are on display at several major museums in the United States and have been reproduced in many books. <mask> was born in New York City. <mask> copied the illustrations from his father's natural history books when he was a child. At the age of twelve, <mask> went to the Metropolitan Art School to become a commercial artist, despite being legally blind due to an injury to his right eye. In 1890, he was hired by a church-decorating firm to design stained-glass windows, and after two years with them, he became an illustrator for books and magazines. <mask> was invited to paint a restoration of a prehistoric pig, Elotherium, which was on display at the American Museum of Natural History.<mask> used his imagination and knowledge to fill in any gaps. <mask> was commissioned by the museum to create an entire series of watercolors to be used in their fossil halls. <mask>'s paintings were popular with visitors and he continued to work with the museum until the late 1930s, painting what would become some of the world's most famous images of dinosaurs, prehistoric mammals, and prehistoric humans. One of <mask>'s best-known pieces for the American Museum of Natural History is 1897's Leaping Laelaps, which was one of the few pre-1960s images to present dinosaurs as active, fast- moving creatures. <mask>'s depictions of Agathaumas, Allosaurus, Apatosaurus, Brontosaurus, Smilodon, and the Woolly Mammoth can be found in the American Museum. All of these have inspired many imitations. Critics didn't like <mask>'s work for the museum.Although he spent considerable time at zoos studying the movements and habits of living animals, many curators argued that his work was more artistic than scientific, and protested that he did not have enough scientific expertise to render prehistoric animals as precisely as he did. While <mask> agreed that his murals for the Hall of the Age of Man were primarily a work of art, he insisted that he had as much paleontological knowledge as the museum's own curators. Natural history museums began requesting paintings for their own fossil exhibits after <mask> established a reputation. In 1925, <mask> produced an elaborate mural for the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County which depicted some of the birds and mammals whose remains had been found in the La Brea Tar Pits. <mask> began a 28-mural series for Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History, a project which chronicled the history of life on earth and took four years to complete. One of his best-known pieces was a mural at the Field Museum. This confrontation scene between a predator and its prey inspired a huge number of imitations, establishing these two dinosaurs as "mortal enemies" in the public consciousness.Alexander Sherman of The Field Museum says that it has become the standard encounter for portraying the age of dinosaurs. <mask>'s work can be found in a number of museums, including the Carnegie Museums in Pittsburgh. Several zoos, such as the Bronx Zoo, the Lincoln Park Zoo, and the Brookfield Zoo, approached <mask> to paint murals of their living animals, and <mask> enthusiastically complied. During the 1930s, <mask> was the only person allowed to paint Su Lin, a giant panda. <mask> was a frequent contributor to National Geographic while he was making murals for museums and zoos. Before the Dawn of History, Life Through the Ages, and Prehistoric Man: The Great Adventure are some of the books he wrote and illustrated. Prehistoric life was described to audiences across the country by <mask>.<mask> retired from the public sphere to spend more time with his grandsons, who shared his passion for animals and prehistoric life. He painted a mural for the Everhart Museum in 1951. He died in New York City. <mask> has been hailed as one of the great popularizers of the prehistoric past, and as having influenced generations of museum-goers. Many examples of <mask>'s work appeared in dinosaur books in the US during the first half of the twentieth century and countless other artists and illustrators borrowed heavily from <mask>'s conceptions of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals. Stephen Jay Gould used one of <mask>'s paintings for the cover of his 1991 book Bully for Brontosaurus and another for his 1996 book Dinosaur in a Haystack. <mask>'s paintings are very popular among dinosaur and paleontology enthusiasts.<mask>'s 1946 book Life Through the Ages was recently published by Indiana University Press, and a calendar of <mask>'s paintings is currently available. Many rare and previously unpublished drawings and studies by <mask> have been compiled in a series of Charles Knight Sketchbooks by fantasy artist William Stout. In an era when new and often fragmentary fossils were coming out of the American west, not all of <mask>'s creations were based on solid evidence. The grasslands that feature in many of his paintings didn't appear until the Cenozoic, but his depictions of ceratopsians as solitary animals in lush grassy landscapes were largely imaginative. Although <mask> sometimes made studies of living animals, he did not do so for his dinosaur restorations, and he restored many dinosaurs with typical reptilian-like limbs and narrow hips. Dinosaurs had hips that were more bird-like than those of a reptile, according to studies done in the 1920s by <mask> and Gerhard Heilmann. <mask> often restored extinct mammals, birds and marine reptiles in very dynamic action poses, but his depictions of large dinosaurs as ponderous swamp-dwellers destined for extinction reflected more traditional concepts.He said in his catalogue to Life through the Ages that the great beasts were "unadaptable and unprogressive" while acknowledging that small dinosaurs had been more active. Some of his pictures of theropods, for example, are known to be wrong, such as the tripod-like posture of theropods, and the sauropods standing in water. Dinosaur tails were held out approximately horizontally, whereas <mask> drew them dragging on the ground. One of <mask>'s most well-known fans was the late Stephen Jay Gould, who refused to refer to the creature as "Apatosaurus" because <mask> had always referred to it as "Brontosaurus". "Not since the Lord himself showed his stuff to Ezekiel in the valley of dry bones had anyone shown such grace and skill in the reconstruction of animals from disarticulated skeletons," Gould wrote. The most celebrated of artists in the reanimation of fossils, <mask><mask>, painted all the figures of dinosaurs that fire our fear and imagination. He put flesh on creatures that no human had ever seen.The L.A. County Museum has a beautiful <mask> mural on one of the walls that depicts the way the tar pits would have looked in ancient times. This, plus a picture book about <mask>'s work my mother gave me, were my first encounters with a man who was to prove an enormous help when the time came for me to make three-dimensional models of these extinct beings. <mask> has been mentioned as a big influence by Gregory S. Paul. <mask> wrote a book about <mask> in 2012 called <mask><mask> The Artist Who Saw Through Time. An homage to the painter was made in the 1998 IMAX feature film, T-Rex: Back to the Cretaceous, in which he was portrayed by actor Tuck Milligan. The permanent collections of these colleges, libraries, museums, and zoos include <mask>'s works. Before the Dawn of History, 1935 Life Through the Ages, 1946 Prehistoric Man: The Great Adventurer, 1949 <mask><mask>, and 2005 Paleoart Wildlife art Notes References Heilmann, G.The origin of birds. H.F. and G. Witherby lived in London. Paul, G.S. The year 1996. The artwork of <mask><mask>. There is a Scientific American. <mask>'s dark side can be found in the book, Race and the Search for the Origin of Man.The World of Charles <mask>, a website maintained by <mask>'s granddaughter, includes most of his paintings.

masks:
Charles Robert Knight
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Legacy Knight
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Charles Knight
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Alfred Romer
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Richard Milner
Knight
Charles R
. Knight
Knight
Charles R
. Knight
Charles R
. Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight


texts: <mask> was a Korean woman who became a human rights activist after campaigning against sexual slavery and war rape. She was a young woman who was put into sexual slavery by the Japanese Imperial Army, a military that systematically recruited girls between the ages of 10 to 18 years of age from colonized and occupied countries from the 1930s until the end of World War II. She was put into comfort stations for eight years in Asia. She became an activist because of her experiences of war-time sexual violence, anti-imperialism, workers' rights, and inter-Korean reconciliation. Along with the other so-called "comfort women", she made a three-fold demand from the Japanese government: a formal state-level apology, reparations, and correction of Japanese history (including amending Japanese history textbooks to include the truth of the "comfort women" issue). <mask> was a leader in the "comfort women" movement and supported other "comfort women" to step forward. <mask> died in a hospital in South Korea.<mask>-dong was born in Gyeongnam, Korea, in March of 1926. She was one of six daughters. Her family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch Her family was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She had to end her education because of that. When she was eight years old, her father died. Three of her sisters married to escape the hard times, but she remained at home with her two younger sisters.<mask> and her mother were lied to by Japanese authorities until they were 14 years old. <mask> was told that she would return in three years and work in a military clothing factory to support the war efforts. Her family would be considered traitors. <mask>'s mother was asked to sign a document by the Japanese authorities. She believed her daughter would work in a factory in Japan because her mother couldn't read. She was put into sexual slavery in Japanese occupied territories for eight years, including Guangdong, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia. <mask> had sex from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Sundays.She tried to kill herself with two other girls, but Japanese soldiers found them unconscious. Medics resuscitated them after the army took them to the hospital. She woke up ten days later. She said she might not have been taken away if her father were still alive. After the war, she returned to her hometown. Her mother was the only one who knew what happened to her. Her mother died from a heart attack.She owned and operated a successful restaurant after the Korean War. <mask> fell in love with the man she met. She was never able to have a child despite having this love. She believes it was the result of sexual abuse. Her husband died not knowing her story. She began to speak about her experience after he died. Even as I returned to my homeland, it was not true liberation for me.After her husband's death, she joined another woman in seeking official recognition as victims of Japanese sex slavery. <mask>-sun first broke the silence on the issue in 1992, a year after <mask>-dong finally spoke out about her time as a sex slave. She began to participate in the Wednesday Demonstration in front of the Japanese Embassy in this year. <mask> testified at the "World Human Rights Conference" in Vienna, Austria, in 1993. She testified in Japan and the United States. She traveled around the world to tell her story and participated in weekly protests. <mask>-dong stated in an interview that she regained her sense of self and felt supported and connected with other women by presenting her testimony.Networking and connecting with other women gave her a sense of community as she suffered like many others. She attended the Wednesday rallies to demand a formal apology from Japan and legal compensation from the Korean women who were forced into sexual slavery during the war. The Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan (KCWD) is one of the organizations that she has gained support from. She emphasizes to her supporters and the public at large that they should do the right thing not just for her but for those without a voice, who have gone through similar struggles, as well as for the next generation. The Butterfly Fund was established to help female victims of sexual violence in armed conflicts around the world. "We as activist would like the victims to be free from their hurt past, like a butterfly that has just come out of its shell," stated the symbolic meaning behind the name. Personal donations started the fund.In the early stages of the fund, <mask>-dong and Gil Won-ok declared that they would donate all the money they received from the Japanese to other women as compensation for their suffering during the war. The "Butterfly Fund" was established by the KCWD in order to accomplish Gil Won-ok's goal. In July of 2012 the fund began to provide support in the form of $500 per month to a victim support group. Once the Japanese governments payed compensation, the amount would be expanded. Rebecca Masika Katsuva is the first beneficiary of the fund. It will fly high as an emancipatory butterfly to many women war victims. The idea behind the fund was to help and network with sexual violence victims in other countries, not only women.The fund was used to help women who were raped by Korean soldiers during the Vietnam War. <mask> said that Korea should acknowledge war crimes committed by its own people. <mask>-dong created art to share with the public, as well as sharing her stories to the public. <mask> started to live in the House of Sharing because of his loneliness. She participated in an art therapy program while at the nursing home. Her artwork told her story. The artwork from the House of Sharing was used in campaigns to raise awareness of the issue of 'comfort women'.Her artistic themes included childhood memories, the experience of Japanese military slavery, and her present life and feelings. She used paint, woodblock print, and pencil. Her works include The Day a 14 year old girl is Stolen Away, As Youth Slips Away, and Suddenly I am Old and Grey. There are references to births and deaths of Comfort women and South Korean women activists.

masks:
Kim Bok dong
Kim
Kim
Kim Bok
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim Hak
Kim Bok
Kim
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim
Kim Bok
Kim


texts: A Santa Fe provincial settlement for Jewish immigrants escaping from the Russian pogroms of 1880, Las Palmeras colony is where the grandson and son of Jewish gauchos studied. He is best known for his work with the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. He was asked in an interview if he was a descendant of slaves, to which he replied, "Who am I?" <mask> said his life was dedicated to thanking those who risked their lives. The Wallenberg Foundation works to discover the exceptional actions of those heroic human beings. The Wallenberg Foundation aims to pay tribute to the "Saviors of the Holocaust", those who risked their lives and freedom to save thousands of Jews from a certain death in hands of the Nazis during the Second World War. The legacies of rescuers in other conflicts have been highlighted in the foundation's charter since 2005.Gibraltar is home to a small and bustling Jewish community. He continues to work for the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation from Gibraltar. In 1952, <mask> graduated from the Higher Institute of Judaic Religious Studies. He taught Hebrew and Yiddish as a professor and as a teacher. He taught the Old Testament and philosophy at the Moises Ville Teacher's Seminar in Santa Fe. He was the first general director of theICAI. Important undertakings in the field of education were announced from his office, including bar mitzvah tours and the founding of the Tarbut School.The first Latin-American Bible contest was organized by him. Spanish classics were translated into Hebrew. The creation of a fresco by the Argentine master painter Ral Soldi at the main church in Nazareth was the start of the idea of establishing interfaith monuments. The first visit by a Pope to Jerusalem was promoted by him. He was given an award by the Vatican and received it from Pope Paul VI on January 13, 1965, at a ceremony at the Vatican City. Monsignor Antonio Caggiano presented him with an Argentine Church award for the first time for a Jew Jew in Argentina. La Casa Argentina en Jerusalem was founded by him and writerJorge Luis Borges.Father Carlos Cuccetti was the first President of Argentine House in Israel and he was one of the people he worked with. Rabbi Jacobo Fink, an orthodox rabbi who initiated Tenembaum in the Jewish knowledge and the Kabbalah, guided him all of his life. They were so close that every Friday they had a conversation, even if they were far away, until the last day of his life. The actual winner of the Peace Prize in 2009, US President Barack Obama, was given a 1/20 odds by the world gambling operator. He was one of the authors of the book 'Holy Places in the Holy Land'. On January 31, 1976, rightwing extremists belonging to the Triple-A (Argentine Anti-subversive Alliance) kidnapped <mask> <mask>. The disappearance of 30,000 people in Argentina by the end of the military dictatorship in 1983 was allegedly started by the Triple-A with members of the military and police.He was accused of spreading ideas of alleged coexistence so as to destroy Christian principles through his inter-faith work, which they claimed led to the destruction of the Creole republic. They accused him of being part of a conspiracy called the Plan Andina. Perla volunteered to be a hostage and was also kidnapped. Father Horacio Moreno spoke out for him while he was in captivity, calling for his freedom from his pulpit at Fatima Church and later holding a face-to-face meeting with the kidnappers who self-defined themselves as "concerned Catholics". He was freed. Mr. <mask> leads the international affairs of the Wallenberg Foundation from outside of Argentina. The idea of installing a memorial mural dedicated to the victims of the Holocaust inside the Buenos Aires Cathedral was promoted by <mask> <mask>.The first monument of its kind, it contains Jewish religious texts and was inaugurated by the Cardinal of Argentina and the Archbishop of Buenos Aires Antonio Quarracino in 1997. In April 1998 a unique homage to survivors of the Holocaust was held over the grave of a primate Cardinal in a catholic cathedral, who died in February 1998. In 2004, a replica of the memorial was inaugurated by the Vater-Unser Church in Berlin. On the day of the 90th anniversary of the birth of the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, invited <mask> <mask> to a meeting. The Secretary General's residence in New York was where Tenembaum presented a medal to commemorate the anniversary. Mrs. Annan is the wife of the world leader and niece of the Swedish diplomat. The founder of the IRWF met Kofi Annan for the second time.Tenembaum continued to search for gentiles who helped Jews during World War II. He returned to Argentina after the fall of the military dictatorship. The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation was founded by <mask>. During World War II, Wallenberg saved the lives of thousands of Jews and other people in the Soviet Union. The foundation continues to search for Wallenberg's remains. The Wallenberg Foundation honors gentiles who saved Jews during the Holocaust. The foundation has brought up some outstanding cases of Jews who saved the Holocaust, including Dr. Alejandro Pou, Irena Sendler, and Luiz Martins de Sousa Dantas.The mission is to investigate the rescue actions performed during the Second World War in Istanbul by the Vatican Nuncio. The website www.bialikencastellano.com was created in 2001 under the auspices of Casa Argentina en Israel - Tierra Santa and the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation, which became the most comprehensive and important online source on the life and work of the famed Israeli national writer and poet. In October 2003 Tom Lantos made a speech on the floor of the House of Representatives to honor Tenembaum, and had a full tribute inserted into the Congressional Record Wallenberg that saved him from the Nazis. The Royal Order of the Polar Star was received by Tenembaum. The Pope had an audience with Tenembaum. He writes to the editor a lot. The Congressional Gold medal was presented to Wallenberg by the United States Congress.The ceremony took place at the Capitol Rotunda, with the presence of living relatives of Raoul, including his half-brother, Professor Guy von Dardel. The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation was recognized in a previous luncheon ceremony at the Congress. Mookie <mask> is a published philosopher, lawyer and conceptual artist, Yoav <mask> is an historian and author, and <mask> is a strategy consultant. He has seven children and one great-grandson. The Order of the Croatian Star with the Effigy of Katarina Zrinska is one of the decorations received.

masks:
Tenembaum
Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
Tenembaum
Tenembaum
Tenembaum
Abigail Tenembaum


texts: <mask> is a Malaysian politician. He was a member of the Board of Directors of the Selangor State Development Corporation. He was rumored to be the Menteri Besar of the Selangor State but he was chosen instead. He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party. The Malay College Kuala Kangsar has an old boy. He has a degree in architecture. In the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party leadership election in 2015, he was chosen as one of the three Vice Presidents after securing 668 votes from the delegates.The incumbents were challenged by a Member of Parliament at the party election, but he was not successful. <mask> secured 703 votes to retain his Vice President post. <mask> said that the party's decision to contest the 2016 Sungai Besar by-election is final and should not be questioned. He said that it is a traditional seat. Selangor Chief Minister (Menteri Besar) Mohamed Azmin Ali denied that he had asked the State Executive Councillors from PAS to resign from the government. There was a three-cornered fight in the Sungai Besar Parliamentary by-election. Budiman Zohdi, Dr <mask> Osman, and Amanah were from the same party.The by-election was won by the party with the largest number of votes. Their candidate got 16,800 votes, leaving Dr <mask> and Azhar far behind. I was dropped as the state commissioner for Selangor. He was dropped as the State Commissioner for Selangor after winning the Vice President post for the second time. He was axed because he was in favor of working with other opposition parties. <mask> has been given the task of monitoring the party's machinery in the central and south zones. He was replaced by a new person.Iskandar declined to defend his Vice President post in the Malaysian Islamic Party leadership election. The Chief Minister of Terengganu was Dr Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar. There is a person named arran niAbdullah. <mask> said he wanted to give way to a more high profiled candidate. He was one of 18 Central Committee members who were elected. Iskandar announced in September 2016 that it will be compulsory for developers to build 10% to 20% affordable units for their serviced apartment, small office/ home office or virtual office projects. These units are controlled by the Selangor Housing And Property Board and can only be sold to people who are eligible.The price for each unit will be between 230,000 and 270,000. Iskandar said in March that the Selangor State Government had resolved 53 abandoned housing projects. There were 116 abandoned housing projects in December of 2008. The Selangor State Government launched the Caring Government Residents' Improvement Aid scheme in 2010 to repair and rehabilitate low cost and medium cost apartments on a cost sharing basis. The houseowners pay 20 percent when the State Government pays 80 percent. In July of last year, he announced that 183 low cost and medium cost housing projects had been rehabilitated. A total of 88 lifts from 17 projects will be rehabilitated at a cost of more than 22 million ringgit.90 lifts from 22 projects will be maintained by the Selangor State Government. The Selangor State's affordable housing scheme is called the Rumah Selangorku (My Selangor Home) and was started in 2014. It is compulsory for developers who develop more than 10 acres of land to dedicate a certain percentage of their development to affordable housing. Iskandar urged the Federal Government to follow the Rumah Selangorku policy where priority is being given to constructing affordable homes. There are several types of money. In March of last year, Iskandar reported over 20,000 units of affordable homes under the Rumah Selangorku programme. 663 units from 2 projects have been completed.In total, 89,396 units have been approved and 24,700 units have already been approved. Building plans approval has been obtained for 3,803 units in 13 projects. Iskandar as the Selangor State Executive Councilor for Housing, Building Mangaement and Urban Living announced that the State Government will spend 100 million dollars to buy the Rumah Selangorku affordable homes. The houses will be rented out to people who failed to get the financing to buy their own home or who are not yet ready to buy a house. 30% of the rent will be returned at the end of the rental contract. The money can be used to buy a home. 260 units of affordable homes have been identified and will be purchased at a cost of over 50 million dollars.The units are at Pangsapuri De Kiara (30 units), Pangsapuri De Bayu (30 units), Pangsapuri Bandar Bukit Raja (50 units) and Jade Hills Kajang (50 units). He is the founder and head of the Pusat Sumber Untuk Kemajuan Masyarakat Dan Perumahan. The Malaysian Government was urged to instruct the banks and other financial institutions to allow borrowers to suspend their loan repayments. Iskandar said on 17 April 2020 that the government will be a laughing stock if they don't appoint qualified people. On October 5, 2020, REACH proposed mandatory prison term and whipping for owners of industries found guilty of polluted water source causing disruption of water supply. Their assets were proposed to be seized. The Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor was mentioned in the election results.

masks:
Iskandar bin Abdul Samad
Iskandar
Iskandar
Abdul Rani
Abdul Rani
Iskandar
Iskandar


texts: <mask> was a Republican member of the Maryland House of Delegates. He was a member of the Maryland General Assembly from January 2007 to January 2015. He shared this district with two other people. <mask> was placed in District 33. He finished fourth in the primary for the Republican nomination for Governor of Maryland. <mask> was interested in being appointed to the District 33 House of Delegates seat. <mask> ran for the state Senate in District 30.<mask> has owned a business in Maryland for 20 years. He used to own Ron George Jewelers in Severna Park. The person was born in Syracuse, New York, on August 30, 1953. Master goldsmith certificate, jewelry design and repair, Bowman Technical School for Jewelry Making and Design, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1972. Syracuse University has a B.A. The visual and performing arts were done in 1978. The Institute for Psychological Sciences has a M.S.In 2005, (clinical). A jeweler. State House Inn is owned by Ron George Jewelry & Repair. Covenant House is an emergency youth shelter in New York. The Conquest Boys Club had a Volunteer Director. Traditions of Roman Catholic homes is a national board member. The Springhill Center for Family Development had a Volunteer Executive Director.The Maryland Chamber of Commerce is a member of the National Federation of Independent Businesses. The <mask> Award was given by the Republican Central Committee. The Legislator of the Year was from the Chamber of Commerce. The Republican Women of Anne Arundel County received a distinguished service award. St. Mary's Catholic Church has a former Sunday School teacher. There are six children and two grandchildren. <mask> was a delegate in the Maryland House of Delegates.Maryland's Doctors Caucus and advisory board was founded by <mask>. On June 5, <mask> announced his candidacy for Governor of Maryland. <mask> made a 10 point promise during his announcement speech. Building the tax base in Baltimore City, creating safe school zones in Baltimore modeled after the Harlem Children's Zone, conducting independent audits of all state agencies, and lowering corporate and unemployment taxes are some of the initiatives the Promise calls for. <mask> was named the leader so far in providing a specific platform by the Baltimore Sun Editorial Board. <mask> finished last in the primary, behind Larry Hogan and David Craig. Legislative record voted against in-state tuition for illegal immigrants in 2007.The results of the race for the Maryland House of Delegates in the 30th District. Virginia P. Clagett, Dem. Seth Howard, Rep. The Republican Gubernatorial Primary Election was lost by 14.7%. <mask>, Rep. won 53.8% of the time. <mask> was a volunteer at Covenant House in New York City for two years. He was a volunteer director for the Conquest Boys' Club from 1996 to 2002.He has worked for the Springhill Center for Family Development since 2002 and has been a member of the National Board of Traditions of Roman Catholic Home since 1998. The National Federation of Independent Businesses is one of the organizations <mask> is a member of. The Ronald Reagan Award was given to him in 2005. He is a Sunday School teacher at St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church. <mask> is a member of the Screen Actors Guild. He has appeared in several movies. He appeared in The Doctors in the 70s.There are External links to the <mask> campaign website.

masks:
Ronald Alan George
George
George
George
George
Ronald Reagan
George
George
George
George
George
George
Ron George
George
Ron George
George
Ron George