texts: Sir <mask> was an Australian politician from the state of South Australia. He was the leader of the Liberal and Country League from March 10, 1965, to November 5, 1938. It was the longest term of an elected government leader in Australian history. A period of population and economic growth was unparalleled by any other Australian state. He was known for his parochial style in pushing South Australia's interests, and was also known for his ability to get a disproportionate share of federal funding for the state. His string of election wins was aided by a system of gerrymander. Born into an old political family, <mask> was the fifth <mask> and the fourth to have lived in South Australia; his grandfather <mask> II had served as premier in the 19th century.He enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in World War I and fought in Western Europe. He was elected as a representative for Murray at the 1933 state election. <mask> was an outspoken backbencher who often lambasted LCL ministers and their policies, INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals <mask> was made a minister just months before he became premier after the resignation of the LCL's leader. <mask> was seen as a transitional leader when he took over a minority government and many independents. <mask> secured a one-seat majority at the next election by dealing with the independents well. <mask> used his negotiating skills to encourage industry to relocate to South Australia during World War II, as the state was far from the battlefield.His approach to economics was pragmatic and he was derided by his colleagues for his "socialism" as he nationalised electricity companies and used state enterprises to drive economic growth. The main obstructions to <mask>'s initiatives came from the upper house, where the restriction of suffrage to landowners resulted in a chamber dominated by the conservative landed gentry. Labor leader Mick O'Halloran worked with <mask> and was happy to be out of power, quipping that <mask> could better serve his left-wing constituents. <mask>'s policies allowed for the supply of cheap electricity to factories, minimal business taxes, and low wages to make the state more attractive to industrial investment. He kept salaries low by using the South Australian Housing Trust to build public housing and government price controls, angering the landlord class. Implemented in the 1940s, these policies were seen as dangerous to <mask>'s control of his party, but they proved successful and he solidified his position within the LCL. Despite economic growth, <mask> and the LCL's share of the vote declined, and they were able to cling to power due to the Playmander.<mask> became less assured in parliament as Labor became more aggressive, their leading debater Don Dunstan disrupting the previously collaborative style of politics, targeting the injustice of the Playmander in particular. <mask>'s economic policies led to a rapid expansion of the middle class, which wanted more government attention to education, public healthcare, the arts, the environment and heritage protection. <mask> was unmoved by calls to broaden policy focus beyond economic development. <mask>'s party remained committed to restrictive laws on alcohol, gambling and police powers because they failed to adapt to changing social mores. The Max Stuart case in the 1950s was a turning point in <mask>'s tenure, as he came under heavy scrutiny for his hesitation to grant clemency to a murderer on death row. Although <mask> commuted the sentence, the controversy caused his government to lose its assurance, and he lost office in the 1965 election. He served on various South Australian company boards until his death in 1981 after giving up the party leadership to Steele Hall.The <mask> family heritage goes back to 1759 when a baby was left at the door of a house in Barnby Dun, Yorkshire, England. Money from a bank account was given to the people who were to raise the child. The child was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The tradition of naming the firstborn son in the family in this way continues. At the age of 15, the second Playford had a relationship with a girl five years his senior and fathered a child. Playford enlisted in the British Army in order to avoid the social stigma of the situation, and on the advice of his parents. Playford's height (6 ft 2 in) allowed him to pass as an adult.The Battle of Waterloo took place at the age of 20 and he spent 24 years in the service of the Life Guards. <mask> traveled to many churches and listened to a lot of sermons while he was a soldier. He was not a fan of many church men. He received a land grant in Canada for his service after leaving the Life Guards. He and his family returned to England after his wife and child died. He was a historian for the Life Guards and migrated to South Australia in the 19th century. <mask> preached regularly for his own 'Christian Church', which was essentially Baptist in character, after becoming a pastor there.The second wife of Pastor <mask>'s son, <mask> II, was born in London. He wanted to attend the prestigious Anglican St Peter's College to study law and was raised on theMitcham property in South Australia. He became a farmer after being rebuked by his father, buying property atNorton Summit and growing vegetables, plums and apples. He was elected to the East Torrens Council at the age of 27 and then to the State Parliament in 1868, representing the constituency of Onkaparinga. He was known as 'Honest Tom' for his straightforward and blunt ways. He lost his seat in 1871 and regained it in 1875, but was re-elected in 1886 and became the premier of South Australia. He lost the premier in 1889, regained it in 1890, and then spent most of his term in India.He relocated to London to represent South Australia in the United Kingdom after losing an election. <mask> was offered a knighthood three times, but declined each time. He crossed the floor to bring down Kingston over his plans to diminish the power of the Legislative Council. <mask> became a Senator for South Australia with the advent of Australian Federation. He was the leader of the Senate. <mask> was defeated after one term as a Senator. He ran again in 1910 but was unsuccessful and retired to Kent Town in 1915.The fourth <mask> was the father of Sir <mask>. He became a simple farmer at theNorton Summit property and was dominated by his wife, Elizabeth, unlike his own father and grandfather, who had led lives as soldiers, churchmen and politicians. He was a regular churchgoer and a member of the East Torrens District Council for a short time. Elizabeth was the local correspondent of The Advertiser, the chief member of the local Baptist Church, and a teacher. Four children were born to the couple. <mask> was the third child to be born to the family. He started school at the age of six.The school had one room, one teacher, two assistants and 60 students. <mask> was the first child to have been caned there after arguing with his teacher. He accompanied his father to the East End Markets to buy produce. <mask>'s mother influenced his Puritanism and social habits. He publicly abstained from alcohol, smoking, and gambling because of her. He didn't attend church like his family, despite her influence on his social habits. <mask>'s father had a broken leg when he was thirteen.The boy was given permission to leave school and take over the farm even though his father was sick. <mask> was out of school when he joined the localNorton Summit Society and took part in classes and debates. He won a public speaking award for his speech. <mask> wanted to join the Australian Imperial Force when World War I broke out. He was persuaded by his parents to help on the farm until his 19th birthday. He was placed in the 27th Battalion, 2nd Division after being enlisted as a private. <mask> was one of the people who left on HMAT.After picking up more soldiers at Perth, the Geelong sailed to Egypt. The Australian soldiers were in Egypt for training, but during the evening they went to the Egyptian towns and cities. There were many fights between the Australian troops and the locals, with responsible soldiers left to take the rest back to camp. Australian soldiers were dragged from the beds of Egyptian prostitutes by <mask>. <mask> landed at Anzac Cove after two months of training. On March 15, 1916, <mask> and his battalion left for France. After he was wounded on the Western Front, he was evacuated to London and kept out of action for a year.<mask> had to have many operations to remove the shrapnel that had penetrated his body, but some of it remained within him, and his hearing was permanently damaged. <mask> returned to his battalion in October 1917 after rejecting an offer for a staff job in India. <mask>'s battalion disembarked at Outer Harbor, Adelaide on July 2, 1919, after the end of the Great War. He was discharged with the rank of lieutenant in October after being commissioned from the ranks as an officer. <mask> rejected the Government's offer of free university education for soldiers and returned to his farm. He continued to grow cherries on the property. His involvement in various groups was renewed.<mask> met his future wife, who lived with her family in Nailsworth, through relatives. The Clarks were more religious than the <mask>s, and a long relationship ensued. Taking her out on his Harley Davidson motorcycle at night, the two were forced to leave the theatre halfway through performances so as to not raise the ire of the Clarks. They were engaged for three years before their wedding. During their engagement, <mask> built their new house on his property, mostly by himself, and it remained their home throughout their lives. Margaret was the first child of the family on Christmas Day in 1930. In 1936 and 1945 there were two more children born to the family.Margaret attended Methodist Ladies' College, later training as a child psychiatrist, and all three of them attended private schools. Like his forebears, the sixth <mask> wanted to attend university, but was rebuked and worked on the orchard. He was a minister of religion in his later life. <mask> was a member of the local branch of the Liberal Federation, yet until the months preceding his election, he never talked of holding political office. During the Great Depression, the Liberal Federation was considering merging with the Country Party. <mask> ran for office when he heard of the merger because he was influenced by an old wartime friend. <mask> ran for the multi-member constituency of Murray at the 1933 election as a member of the Liberal and Country League.<mask> traveled around the electorate advocating his platform. Descendants of refugees who escaped persecution in the German Empire made up a large part of the constituency. They swung their support behind <mask> and he was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly. The first LCL government was formed after the Labor vote split. <mask> was to remain a backbencher for the next five years. His speeches were short, but to the point, and he often attacked the government when he saw fit. <mask> was always concerned to cut a figure and ridicule his party's leader, according to the historian.<mask>'s aggressive debut in parliament was not accorded this privilege as a casual visitor could have mistaken him for an opposition member. The members of the Employment Promotion Council were attacked by <mask>. In his opening address, Playford mocked the bureaucrats who comprised various government bodies, and then condemned public transport monopolies, as well as declaring "It is not our business to worry whether people go broke or not". In the midst of the Great Depression, <mask>'s promotion of his laissez faire philosophy stood out amidst the increasing prevalence of government intervention. During his first term in parliament, <mask> gained attention for his unconvincing command of the English language, as well as developing a reputation for mispronouncing common words and speaking in a monotone. He continued to attack his ministers, and complaints from the likes of Public Works Minister Herbert Hudd only encouraged Playford to further mock him. He was unimpressed by the drunken behavior he had witnessed while in the military and opposed the liberalisation of liquor trading.He continued to support economic rationalism even after becoming premier. He opposed government investment in capital works as a means of generating employment and stimulating the economy during the Depression, and called for a decrease in dairy production within the state on the basis that it was more efficient to import from interstate. Playford claimed that the cost of the subsidies to work farms exceeded the standard jobless payment. The privatisation of unprofitable state railways was endorsed by him. <mask> voted against the formation of the South Australian Housing Trust. <mask> was well regarded for his studious attitude to research and his preparation of his speeches despite his refusal to toe the party line. There was a lot of activity around Playford.He was to inherit legislation that included aggressive economic initiatives, a malapportioned electoral system and a staid internal party organisation. As an agriculture-dominant state, the state had been at the mercy of commodity prices, so a strategy of industrialisation was initiated under the guidance of senior politicians, public servants and industrialists. The creation of the LCL was dependent on the implementation of various policies. There has been an electoral bias in favor of rural areas since the Constitution Act of 1857. In 1936 legislation was brought in that required electoral districts to be 2:1 in favor of country areas. The multimember districts were replaced with 39 single-member districts. The distribution of seats in the legislature gave rural voters a disproportionate influence as the population grew until it had triple the population of the country.The desired long-term effect was to keep the Labor Party out of power and the unexpected short-term effect was a large number of dissatisfied rural independents. The electoral system gerrymander was christened the 'Playmander' because he failed to take action to reform it. <mask>'s oratory approach towards the LCL cabinet was tamed by offering him a ministry after the Liberals won the election. <mask> was the Commissioner of Crown Lands and held portfolios in Irrigation and Repatriation. A more moderate style of parliamentary conduct was adopted by the new frontbencher. The death of sitting member Charles Hawker in an aviation accident caused the Liberal Party to lose the federal seat of Wakefield. <mask> was unanimously elected as the new leader of the LCL by his peers despite having only been in cabinet for a few months.He was the Treasurer of South Australia. It was thought that <mask> would only be a transitional leader before someone else took over the Liberal leadership, but he would remain for almost 27 years. The title of premier was officially applied to <mask>'s tenure in which the Treasurer was the head of the government. <mask> headed a minority government and the LCL only held 15 seats in the lower house. 13 mostly conservative independents held the balance of power. <mask> wanted his LCL colleagues to refrain from upsetting social conservatives because many had gained from discontent over Butler's liberal social stances. With their lack of party infrastructure and

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texts: funding, the independents were the most vulnerable to election campaigns, so he used the threat of an early election to deter them from stalling his initiatives.<mask> became a wartime premier in 1939 when Australia became part of the British Empire. The country was forced to create its own after being cut off from traditional suppliers. <mask> advocated for South Australia to be the perfect location for the creation of armories and munitions factories. The labour force was the most efficient in the nation. The inner-northern suburbs have a British Tube Mills. Construction on a shipyard began in Whyalla, as well as in the northern and western suburbs of Adelaide, and in some smaller installations in regional centers. <mask> opposed the construction of the Morgan-Whyalla pipeline because he did not want the steelworks and blast furnace in Whyalla to be built.He reversed his opposition to the pine plantation and sawmill program in order to expand it in the state's southeast. The shipyards at Whyalla and Salisbury became defence centers when Japan entered the war. Most of the factories were built by the Department of Manpower and the South Australian Housing Trust under <mask>'s watch. A large plant for Actil cotton was built in Woodville. The Salisbury complex became the second largest employer of South Australians after the war, as various companies worked on matters related to rocket testing at Woomera in the state's far north. At its peak, the munitions factory in the western suburb of Hendon employed more than three thousand people. Playford had to personally attend to the bureaucracy that stood in the way of the developments.He was able to negotiate with the heads of private companies. The negotiations with the Federal Government were the most difficult. <mask> confronted seven different Prime Ministers during his time as premier. He had a poor relationship with his fellow conservative, Menzies. <mask>'s other federal colleagues made sure that deals could be made even though Menzies' reluctance to meet with <mask> initially hampered industrial efforts. There was usually a disproportionate number of South Australians in federal cabinets. South Australia received more federal funds than it would have had it not been for his clout and unconventional negotiating tactics."<mask> wouldn't know intellectual honesty if he met it on the end of a pitch fork, but he does it all for South Australia, not for himself, so I forgive him," said Robert Menzies. <mask> gained the reputation of being a good South Australian but a very bad Australian by the time he left power. <mask> claimed that federal authorities had violated the constitution of Australia and had power over the states that were not rightfully theirs. Playford accused the High Court of Australia of helping the federal parliament to legislate to give itself a monopoly on the acquisition of income tax, which he claimed was contrary to the intention of the constitution to prevent excessive centralisation of power in the federal government. He threatened to take the federal government to the High Court in order to get more compensation for the loss of water from the Snowy River. He went to the High Court in an attempt to get the federal government to pay for the standardisation of the gauge. State elections were held in 1941 and 1944.In the 1941 election, there was a significant decrease in the independent vote, and the Labor Party and the LCL made gains, with <mask> forming the LCL's first majority government. This was due to the LCL's shift to the right on social issues. The introduction of compulsory voting in 1942 resulted in an increase in voter turnout from 51% to 89%. <mask> won with a one-seat LCL majority for the third time. The power and water schemes were expanded to cope with industrial development. The state was dependent on imports for its fuel supply. In case of a transportation problem, the AESC was reluctant to build up coal reserves.They ran on coal that was shipped over from New South Wales, where the mines were inefficient and plagued by communist-agitated industrial strife. <mask> demanded that supplies be built up so the factories could keep producing, but he was able to secure eight months worth of coal reserves from New South Wales, but even that began to dwindle due to the continued industrial action. <mask> ordered coal supplies from South Africa in desperation. The premier took action against the AESC after he was frustrated with them. The government was snubbed by the AESC. <mask> advocated the use of brown coal from the South Australian Leigh Creek mine in order to avoid supply problems. He championed the development of the town and the expansion of the mine to ease the state's dependence on imported coal.Much state and federal government money was invested in the scheme, the town infrastructure was built, and the production started in February 1944. The AESC responded by buying new boilers which would only work with black coal. Even with the company slowly relenting, <mask> did not stop his struggle. A Royal Commission was appointed in March 1945 to look into a solution between the two parties and made a recommendation in August that the AESC be nationalised. <mask>'s stance received a boost when thousands of labourers were out of work due to strikes in New South Wales. Prime Minister Chifley responded with joy and enthusiasm when <mask> requested commonwealth funds to assist in the nationalisation of the AESC. He presented a bill to Parliament to create the Electricity Trust of South Australia.The bill was supported by Labor, guaranteeing it would pass through the House of Assembly. Economic conservatives, free enterprise advocates and opponents of government intervention in the economy dominated the Legislative Council. The bill was watered down to allow for government control of AESC. In the Council, where suffragism was dependent on wage and property requirements, the ALP only held four seats out of twenty, and only five LCL members supported nationalisation. The bill was not put to the Parliament again until 1946, after it failed to pass on 7 November. After months of campaigning, <mask> was able to change the mind of Jack Bice and the bill passed. The Electricity Trust of South Australia was formed to aid industrialisation.The decision to nationalise AESC was correct. Strikes crippled mines in New South Wales in early 1947. Chifley had to send in the armed forces to extract coal because of the worst strike. South Australia escaped the effects of industrial power rationing and reduced manufacturing output because the miners at Leigh Creek worked around the clock. The town was rewarded with federal funding when the mine was operating at a surplus. From 1947 to 1965, <mask>'s leadership increased the output of the mine tenfold. The premier's twin power plants at Port Augusta were completed in 1960 and named after him.The state was self-sufficient for electricity by 1970, thanks to the new plants. The mine of Leigh Creek and the town of Uncle Tom's Baby were both making a profit. The proportion of South Australians connected to electricity increased over time. The nationalisation of the AESC was the most prominent example of <mask>'s economic pragmatism, although he was a supporter of free enterprise. He didn't have time for those who objected to the plans that were contrary to party ideology. The struggle for Leigh Creek was seen as a critical point in <mask>'s premiership; a second legislative failure was seen as potentially fatal for <mask>'s leadership of his party, but the successful passage of the bill enhanced his image and gave himi enduring control over his party. The methods used to set up business in South Australia were unique during the post-war boom.<mask>'s government would charge little to no business tax, supply cheap electricity, land and water, and have the Housing Trust build the factories and workers' homes. Consumer goods and automotive factories were created in the northern and western suburbs of Adelaide, while mining, steel and shipbuilding industries appeared in the 'Iron Triangle' towns of Whyalla, Port Pirie and Port Augusta. South Australia was slow to abolish these wartime measures to increase its industrial competitiveness because prices and wages were kept relatively low. The government initiatives were able to overcome the large logistical burden because they were far from the markets where the goods would be sold. <mask>'s campaign to keep costs low and promote investment relied on the Housing Trust. Workers could be persuaded to accept lower salaries by providing cheap housing. <mask> introduced the Housing Improvement Act because he saw the benefits of the Housing Trust's activities.At the time many older residences in the city centre were made of corrugated iron and many areas were slum-like, the main aim of the legislation was to improve the adverse housing conditions by replacing "insanitary, old, crowded, or obsolete dwelling houses" with better-quality buildings. The law forced landlords to provide a minimum standard of housing and enacted rent controls, setting a maximum rent for various houses, at the time many landlords bought large numbers of low-quality dwellings and charged tenants excessive prices. The Housing Trust's role was expanded, potentially undercutting the rentier class. Labor were taken aback by <mask>'s move, as this was the start of a trend whereby the nominally conservative government pursued policies that were more left-wing than other Labor governments across the country. Labor helped to get the legislation that threatened the interests of the landlord class passed into law after expressing shock at Playford's "loving kindness to the poor and distressed". During the 15-year period, Housing Trust rents were not increased. Many of the methods that Playford used were described by economic conservatives as'socialism', drawing opposition from within his own party.The Liberal leader in that chamber once referred to <mask> as a 'Bolshevik'. The Labor movement was more receptive to the economic intervention than <mask>'s colleagues were. Labor leader Mick O'Halloran would dine with <mask> on a weekly basis to discuss the development of the state, and the pair were on close personal terms. At a dinner party, O'Halloran said that he wouldn't want to be the premier. <mask> can do more for his own voters than I could. In a political cartoon, O'Halloran's lack of ambition was mocked, but the Labor leader took the piece as a compliment and put it on display. As <mask> had more opposition from his LCL colleagues in the upper house than Labor, O'Halloran was often described as the premier's junior partner.In comparison to opponents in his party, <mask> called Labor "our opposition", which he decried as being critical without being helpful. This cooperative nature of party politics would not change until Don Dunstan's prominence in the late 1950s, when <mask> would besailed not for his economics, but for his government's comparatively low expenditure on public services. Projects were started. The Housing Trust built the city of Elizabeth for the production of GM cars. It was a showcase of successful city planning before its economic and social decline. <mask> was successful in persuading Chrysler to stay in Adelaide. The Tonsley Park where the car manufacturing plant was set up was sold by the Housing Trust and they helped to install railyards, electricity and water infrastructure there.Around 11,000 workers were employed by Holden and Chrysler by the time <mask> left office. The plans to build the Port Stanvac oil refinery, which would produce hydrocarbons used in synthetic rubber, in the early 1960s were enough to convince both a Dunlop Rubber-Olympic joint venture and SA Rubber Mills. <mask> wanted to involve South Australia in uranium mining in order to ensconcing the state in the anti-communist alliance in the midst of the Cold War. Federal subsidies and concessions supported his venture. Significant state government money was invested into research after the deposits at Mount Painter were deemed unsuitable. <mask> advocated for nuclear power and laws were changed to allow for it. There were rewards for the discovery of uranium deposits, but no suitable reserves were found, so the only project to proceed was Radium Hill.The American government was worried about securing plutonium for nuclear weapons after the Korean War. The easiest and most generous deal in the history of uranium negotiations was secured by <mask>. During the Cold War, the Americans purchased the highest amount of uranium of any nation. The seven-year period of the contract with the Americans began in November 1954. Almost a million ounces of gold had been mined, amounting to more than 16 million dollars in contracts. A new buyer couldn't be found and the hill was closed as it had made a profit. The nation's only nuclear reactor was built at Lucas Heights on the outskirts of Sydney, despite <mask>'s attempts to have the Australian Atomic Energy Commission based in the state.South Australia's population doubled from 600,000 in the late 1930s to 1.1 million when <mask> left office. Personal wealth increased at the same rate as the economy, second only to Victoria. Employment in manufacturing in South Australia increased by 173% during <mask>'s 27 years in power, while Western Australia increased its employment by 155%. The state's share of Australia's manufacturing sector increased. <mask> had diversified secondary industries enough, that industrial growth was beginning to lag the other states in the last decade of his leadership, and that the reliance on automotive production made the economy more vulnerable to shocks. <mask> was criticized for his informal style and tendency to rely on a small circle of public servants, sidelining much of his cabinet and not leaving a legacy of industrial infrastructure. <mask>'s "ad hoc methods and personalized administration" had worked well, but he needed a "more sophisticated" approach in later years, according to Blewett and Jaensch.The young lawyer Don Dunstan was elected to the House of Assembly as the Labor member for Norwood, ousting the LCL incumbent. <mask> had landed unexpectedly in his role as the undisputed leader of his party, while Dunstan was, from the start of his parliamentary career, a stand-out among his own ranks and an excellent orator in parliament. Dunstan and <mask> were the main antagonists. <mask> predicted that one day Dunstan would be at the helm and tried to establish bonds by cooperating with Labor leaders more than attacking them. Dunstan would be given a ride home in <mask>'s car. Dunstan's home was located on George Street in Norwood, which was a small deviation from <mask>'s normal route. Dunstan said that <mask> would talk to him in a paternalistic manner because the topics that the two discussed were not completely revealed.<mask> was a liberal conservative and Dunstan a libertarian socialist, but due to the strength of their views, they did not establish the kind of bond that <mask> had with earlier Laborites. It was not what <mask> had expected and could not handle. Playford would meet with Labor leaders to discuss bills, and ensure bipartisan support in the House of Assembly for them, before Dunstan had an effect on Parliament. Rural independent members were the only belligerents. The LCL vote began to decline after 1941. During <mask>'s tenure, the LCL never held more than 23 seats. Even at the height of Playford's power, its support in the capital was limited to the eastern crescent and Holdfast Bay area.Minor parties and independents were given preferential treatment in order to stay in office. It won a majority of actual votes on a two-party preferred basis until 1962. Labor began to fight the Playmander by directing its efforts to individual seats. After the loss of Norwood in 1953, seats were lost in Murray, Frome, Mt Gambier and Wallaroo. The party machine began to decay because of <mask>'s control over the party and his lack of knowledge of its membership base. The emergence of a new generation of political talent was stopped by the dominance. Although the Playmander ensured his ongoing electoral success, and <mask> was credited with South Australia's economic success, the LCL polled a lower percentage than the corresponding Liberal government at federal level.<mask> was recommended to be bestowed with a form of

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texts: honours by the Prime Minister. If <mask>'s wish was granted, it would lead to demands from other state premiers. <mask>'s grandfather had declined a KCMG, and <mask> himself did initially, but he eventually accepted the honour and was knighted in 1957, a class above the KCMG. The beginning of the end of his rule was marked by an event that initially had nothing to do with <mask>, but became a debacle that was seen as a turning point in his rule. A young girl was raped and murdered, and Max Stuart, an Aborigine, was convicted and sentenced to be executed only a month later, on the basis of a confession gained during interrogation, although he had protested his innocence in pidgin English. Stuart's lawyer claimed that the confession was coerced, and the appeals to the Supreme and High Courts were dismissed. The style of English in the confession was thought to be inconsistent with Stuart's background and speech by a linguist who investigated the case.The News brought attention to Stuart's plight with an aggressive, tabloid-style campaign. Some people assumed that the legal system was racist when the case attracted international attention. Sir John Latham is a former High Court Justice. Stuart's execution had been delayed many times. Stuart was due to be executed the next day, but an appeal to the Privy Council in London halted proceedings again, after Playford and the Executive Council decided not to reprieve Stuart. This also failed. Legislation was tried to stall the hanging.<mask> started a Royal Commission to review the case. The presiding judge in the Full Court appeal and the trial judge were both appointed by the Commissioners. The President of the Indian Bar Council, the leader of the United Kingdom Liberal Party, and the former British Prime Minister were all accused of bias. <mask> admitted that he made mistakes in his appointments and that it could have hurt public confidence in the fairness of the hearing. The proceedings of the Royal Commission were closely watched by the public. Dunstan introduced a bill to abolish capital punishment as <mask> had not shown an inclination to commute Stuart's sentence. Dunstan used the opportunity to attack the Playmander with much effect in the media, portraying the failed legislation as an unjust triumph of a malapportioned minority who had a vengeance mentality over an electorally repressed majority who wanted.<mask> decided to grant clemency. He didn't give a reason for his decision. The Royal Commission concluded that the guilty verdict was sound. Although a majority of those who spoke out against the handling of the matter thought that Stuart was probably guilty, the events provoked heated and bitter debate in South Australian society and destabilised <mask>'s administration. The general controversy lies with Sir <mask> and his ministers, according to Ken Inglis. Theclumsy handling of the case was a symptom of the inevitable arrogance of men too long in power. When <mask> went into the election of 1962, he was confronted with an economic downturn.In late 1961, the federal Liberal-Country coalition suffered a 13-seat swing and barely held onto government. The majority was slashed from 32 to 2. The Labor Party gained more votes than the LCL in the 1962 election. Labor was able to get 19 seats to the LCL's 18 due to the Playmander. There was a balance of power with two independents. <mask>'s tenure was thought to be over on election night, but he did not concede. It was thought that <mask> would allow an inexperienced Labor government to form a minority government because of the economic difficulties.He said after a week of silence that he would not resign and would see how the independents lined up. Labor needed the support of only one of the independents to make its leader, Frank Walsh, premier, while the LCL needed them both for a 10th term in government. The result and the effects of the 'Playmander' received a lot of media attention. Walsh tried to convince the governor to not invite <mask> to form government after he declared the result a travesty of electoral injustice. The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 The country vote was worth two to 10 times the vote in the city. The electoral legislation was not changed.The bills for reform were defeated in both houses of Parliament. Under the Playmander, electoral legislation introduced by the premier would have entrenched his government further. The current system in South Australia requires an absolute parliamentary majority to be changed. Labor was able to obstruct changes by keeping members away and forcing a pair. <mask> continued with his job of building the state despite the political situation getting worse. Plans for a road transport plan were commissioned. Since the end of the war, motor vehicle registration has increased by 50 and <mask> believes a modern road transport system is crucial to continuing the industrialisation of the state.The 1962 publication of the Town Planning Committee called for the construction of 56 km of freeways and speculated that three times as much would be needed in the future. Only the South Eastern Freeway was approved during <mask>'s term, and only after he left office. The study for a freeway system that was commissioned but not completed until after <mask>'s departure was scrapped due to widespread public objections to the proposed demolition of entire suburbs for interchanges. <mask> was criticized for his neglect of the social and community effects of building roads. The Port Stanvac oil refinery was completed in 1963, when the state's population hit one million. The water supply from Morgan to Whyalla was duplicated. The rapid growth of an immigrant, working and middle-class whose social expectations differed markedly from <mask>'s stance loosened his grip on power.The demographic changes brought on by <mask>'s successful economic policies increased the number of people who had different views on matters such as education, health, arts, the environment, gambling and alcohol. It can be argued that the development he fostered ultimately brought about his own political demise. Playford was unable or unwilling to adapt to their more complicated political desires as the state's social fabric became more complex. Playford's lack of funding for education was seen as a distraction from the industrialisation of the state. Less than one percent of the population had a degree by the time <mask> left office, and only the financial elite could afford a university education. Despite this, university attendance more than tripled, and secondary and technical school enrolments more than quintupled, far outstriping the population growth during his time in office, as incomes rose steadily as the need for teenagers to find a job increased. The government spent more on education from 1945 to 1959 but the number of teachers didn't double until after he left office.The premier's education policy was criticized for being too conservative. <mask> did not allow the teaching of languages other than English in schools due to the fact that English is good enough. <mask>'s prejudices limited the capacity of many able South Australians to participate in trade negotiations or diplomatic work. The inclusion of biology and the broadening of senior high school curriculum to better prepare students for tertiary education was called for by University academics and the Public Examinations Board. The minimum school leaving age was raised to 15 in 1963, but it was still lower than most states in Australia. Many of the University of Adelaide's graduates moved interstate because of the premier's suspicion that scientific research in the state was not focused on practical applications. When <mask> was a backbencher, he complained to the university about a lecture given by a political science professor.<mask> saw the discussion of misuse of public funds for promotion of socialism as an attempt to curtail intellectual freedom, and his continued outspokenness about political curricula angered academics, who saw it as an attempt to curtail intellectual freedom. A vice-chancellor told a senior public servant that Playford was an uneducated country. As the population increased, Playford opposed the establishment of a second university. While academics thought that another institution would bring more academic diversity, <mask> thought that this would increase competition for resources, so he allowed only a new campus of the University of Adelaide. <mask> pointed out that he had never rejected a funding request since the state took responsibility for universities in 1951 and that his proportional expenditure on tertiary education matched that of other states. The Royal Adelaide Hospital's beds were crammed together with a density twice higher than developed world standards during <mask>'s rule. After a media expose and criticism from health sector professionals, two more hospitals were built in the western and northern suburbs.<mask>'s attitude to social welfare was criticized. He said that it was up to charity to support orphans and disadvantaged sectors of the community so that they could enjoy a better standard of living. Legislative reforms on this front were non-existent as spending on social welfare lags behind that in other states. Arts, which <mask> showed no personal interest in, became a more prominent issue among the emerging middle-class. <mask>'s "philistinism" was mocked by his opponents and critics. The Nation made fun of the fact that the premier draws his spray gun at the mention of culture. The Theatre Royal was demolished and Sir Arthur Rymill, an LCL member of the upper house, was against it.If <mask> wanted to convert the Art Gallery on North Terrace into a power house, he would have done it without hesitation, said Hurtle Morphett, a former State President of the LCL. The Australian Dance Theatre and the State Theatre Company of South Australia were founded in the capital with little assistance from Playford's government. Despite the state's reputation for social conservatism, the festival was well-received. With the success of the festival, public interest in arts increased, and with increasing calls for government funding, particularly from Dunstan, Playford finally agreed to fund the "non-productive area" in 1963. Playford's focus on development above all led to controversy. In 1955, much of the city centre was rezoned to make way for office blocks. Many older houses, as well as the Exhibition Building were demolished, sparking calls by many parliamentarians, Dunstan prominent among them, for Playford to intercede to preserve the historic character of the city.The premier backed the redevelopment and claimed that many of the demolished structures were substandard. While <mask> was known for his use of price controls to restrain the price of living and therefore attract blue-collar workers to settle in the state and fuel industrialisation, South Australia was slow to introduce consumer protection laws in regards to quality control. He was against compulsory pasteurisation and other quality standards in order to avoid offending his rural support base. Playford was often seen to be a do-it-yourself handyman, which resulted in his reluctance to introduce regulations for those who work in the trades. The Liberal and Country League did not live up to expectations. There was unhappiness with the restrictive drinking laws, environmentalists were campaigning for more natural parks, police powers were strong, and gambling was almost completely restricted. Immigrants and their offspring used to have more libertine conditions in their countries of origin, which DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatchTheir homes were built by the Housing Trust and were controlled by the League. <mask>, who did not drink, smoke or gamble, had no interest in introducing social legislation to meet Labor's demands. If <mask> did not budge, the 1965 election would be unwinnable. The premier did not change his position on social reform because the economy was still going strong and incomes were still increasing. <mask> was confident that he would build upon his previous result. The effort was invested in the electorates of Barossa and Glenelg. In Glenelg, there was a younger generation of professionals and their families who were settled into the electorate.Both seats fell to Labor on election day. The power went out for the first time in 35 years. Labor won the primary vote in the seats that werecontested by both parties. <mask> was up on the night to see the result. He cried when he told his family of the loss. <mask> was the premier for 26 years and 126 days. There were calls for <mask> to be offered the post of Governor of South Australia or Governor-General of Australia, but nothing came of that.<mask> was the leader of the LCL opposition for a further one and a half years. Steele Hall, a small farmer like <mask>, won and led the LCL to victory at the following election with the Playmander still in place. There was speculation that the former premier may have been one of those who abstained from the vote, as <mask> was not fond of favouring or grooming a successor. <mask> retired from politics at the same time, but stated that he couldn't cope with the change in the attitudes of some MPs. I couldn't cope with the change. I don't want a liar who doesn't turn a hair. I decided I couldn't take it anymore.<mask> retired from Parliament with a pension of $72 a week, but he didn't give higher pensions to Ministers or long-serving MPs. Regardless of what people thought of the Playmander, <mask> was held in high regard for his integrity. <mask> didn't allow his ministers to sit on the board of directors of public companies if they became conflicted in their decision-making. He took a continued interest in South Australian politics, but did not typically raise his opinions publicly, but he was still consulted by the Liberals up until his death. He offered advice to the new South Australian ministers and helped with a memorial to the former Labor Prime Minister. <mask> used his reputation for promoting his state to lobby the Liberal government for more infrastructure funding. <mask> was the only Liberal invited to Don Dunstan's 50th birthday party.There he socialized with former and future Labor Prime Ministers. He was a board member of the Electricity Trust and the Housing Trust. He occasionally stumbled in his decisions because he was unused to not being in absolute control. The other board members were reluctant to disagree with their former boss, regardless of their expertise. His thrift, a theme throughout his career, did not abate; he was constantly forcing the trusts to use cost-saving methods and old vehicles for their work. He opposed his son's desire to install a new irrigation system on his family's property. Playford experienced serious health problems since his first heart attack in 1971 and underwent treatment and procedures for ten years.He died of a heart attack on June 16, 1981. The memorial service was held at the church. Thousands of people paid their respects to his forebears at theNorton Summit cemetery after the funeral procession carried his coffin from the city. He had a gravestone that said "a good man who did good things". The Australian Dictionary of Biography has links to the Parliament Profile Sir <mask> and the Playford Memorial

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texts: <mask> was a fighter ace of Nazi Germany during World War II. In over 700 combat missions, he was credited with 112 enemy aircraft being shot down. He won over the Western Front with 14 four-engine bombers and 47 Supermarine Spitfire fighters. Bhligen volunteered for military service in Nazi Germany in 1936. After the outbreak of World War II, he was trained as a pilot. He was posted to the 2nd Fighter Wing in June 1940. He claimed his first aerial victory in the Battle of Britain on 4 September 1940.The squadron leader of the 4 was promoted to an officers rank. The 4th squadron of JG 2 was in April 1942. He claimed his 50th aerial victory in February 1943 after his unit was transferred to the Mediterranean and theatre. He was appointed commander of the II back on the Channel Front. The second group of JG 2 in April 1943. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves was awarded to Bhligen after his 96th. He replaced <mask> as commander in April 1944.He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords in August after 104 aerial victories. He was taken prisoner of war by the Soviets and released in 1949. He worked in automotive sales in Nidda. He died in Nidda. The son of a pipefitter was born on December 13, 1917 in Granschtz. He joined the military service of the Luftwaffe on 13 March 1936. From September 1937 to February 1938, he was an aircraft mechanic with the Kampfgeschwader 153 (KG 153)—153rd Bomber Wing).He was a mechanic with 2. The staffel of the 4th Bomber Wing from February to April 1939. The beginning of World War II in Europe happened on 1 September 1939. After training as a pilot, he was posted to the 2nd Fighter Wing, named after World War I fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen. He was assigned to the 2. The 2nd squadron of Staffel was equipped with the Bf109 fighter aircraft. At the time, 2.Staffel was under the command of Karl-Heinz Greisert. On 4 September 1940, Bhligen claimed his first aerial victory. He was moved to 6. There is a squadron of Staffel. The second group of JG 2 is called the Gruppe. Bhlingen frequently flew to Greisert. Greisert was in charge of II.On 2 September. There were three aerial victories in September 1940, a Hurricane on 11 September, and a Supermarine Spitfire fighter on 26 and 30 September. He was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class after three more victories in October. One more aerial victory was claimed on 7 November 1940, a Hurricane southeast of the Isle of Wight, before he was transferred to 4. Staffel is also a squadron of II. Gruppe. On 18 June 1941, II.It stayed in Abbeville-Drucat for six months. The RAF Fighter Command launched a "non-stop offensive" over France. In July and August 1941, while flying with 4. Staffel, Bhligen claimed to have shot down seven Spitfires, one on 7 July, two on 10 July, one on 11 July, two on 23 July, and one on 7 August. In August and September 1941, he served with the Stab and claimed six aerial victories, one Hurricane and five Spitfires. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to Bhligen one year after his first aerial victory. He was credited with 21 aerial victories and 15 tethered balloons shot down.Leutnant was promoted to second lieutenant on January 1, 1942. In March 1942. The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 is a radial engine fighter aircraft. Staffel by Staffel was used for conversion training at the Le Bourget Airfield near Paris. The conversion was done by the end of April. The Fw 190 A-2 and A-3 variant was added to the Gruppe. The Staffelkapitn is the leader of the squad.Oberleutnant Jrgen Hepe was transferred on 1 August 1942. Staffelkapitn won his first aerial victories during the Dieppe Raid. That day, II. Four Fw 190s were lost for the loss of four aerial victories. The Mediterranean Theater was ordered to be relocated by the Gruppe in early November. The Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa was launched in November 1942. On 17 November, II.The English Channel Front ordered the withdrawal of JG 2 from it. The Gruppe received the A-4 variant in December and was equipped with the Fw 190 A-2s. This was made II. There is only one Fw 190 equipped fighter unit in the Mediterranean Theater. On 19 November, the Gruppe flew its first missions, securing German air and sea transportation to Tunisia. There were elements of II that day. The man moved to Bizerte Airfield.On 3 December, Bhlingen claimed his first aerial victory in this theater of operations, and on 5 December, he was promoted to Oberleutnant. The commanding general reviewed the nomination. The Fliegerkorps (2nd Air Corps) General der Flieger was based at Taormina, Sicily. The nomination for Bhligen's promotion was approved by both Loerzer and Kesselring. The harbor of Bizerte was attacked on December 26th by eighteen Boeing B17 Flying Fortress bombers of the United States Army Air Force. I. Three P-38 fighters were shot down, two of which were shot down by Bhligen.The bulk of II was in January 1943. There was an airfield near Bizerte where JG 2 was based. On January 4th. Staffel intercepting a formation of Douglas A-20 Havoc "Boston" bombers, escorted by P-40 Warhawk fighters, 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 The bombers were under attack by Bf 109s. Staffel encountered the bombers. Bhlingen shot down a P-40 and a Boston which he mistook for a Martin B-26 Marauder bomber.On 7 January, II. He moved to Kairouan Airfield. The next day, II. Three P-38s were shot down by Bhligen for the loss of two Fw 190s. The 49th Fighter Squadron strafing tanks near Kairouan was one of the P-38s claimed by Bhligen. He was credited with the destruction of another P-38. The harbor of Sousse was attacked by a flight of B-17s.There were five Fw 190s on 30 January. Staffel were scrambled at 07:30 to intercept a flight of six Spitfires. After takeoff, 4. Staffel claimed to have shot down three of the Spitfires. In combat near Kairouan on 2 February, Bhligen claimed three P-40s, a Spitfire and a Bell P-39 Airacobra. According to the claims list, Bhligen was the only German to report a destroyed Spitfire. No.S.H.A Short was killed near Kasserine. The 33rd Fighter Group lost ten P-40s, eight from the 59th Fighter Squadron and two from the 60th Fighter Squadron. Five American pilots were killed in action. 13 Allied fighters were claimed by German pilots. I. On 11 and 12 March 1943, Gruppe flew its last combat missions in North Africa. The Gruppe had ten Fw 190s remaining, seven of which are still usable.There were three aerial victories on 12 March, two P-38s and a B17 near La Sebala Airfield. The aircraft were handed over to III on March 18. The gruppe of the 10th Fast Bomber Wing. The pilots and ground personal traveled to Sicily. Gruppenkommandeur II. They arrived at Beaumont-le-Roger on 27 March 1943 and were equipped with the Bf109 G. Bhlingen was promoted to captain on 1 May.On 13 May, the first operational missions were flown. On 15 May, II. There was an attack on the airfield Poix-Nord at Poix-de-Picardie. Bhligen claimed that a North American P-51 mustang shot down north-northwest of Berck. He claimed a plane shot down north of Caen. The German Cross in Gold was presented to Bhligen. The group commander of II was appointed on 1 July 1943.There is a pile of JG 2. He replaced Rudorffer who was transferred to IV. The JG 54th Fighter Wing has agruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54. Most of the air elements of II were present that day. The person moved to the vreux-Fauville Air Base. Bhligen led II on 4 July. The Eighth Air Force was formed to repel an attack by the USAAF VIII Bomber Command.Three B17s and five escort fighters were shot down for the loss of a Bf109 shot down and six further damaged. In this engagement, Bhlingen was credited with the destruction of two aircraft. Bhligen led II on 14 July. The airfields at Villacoublay and Le Bourget were attacked by the USAAF. That day, II. Two Bf109s and one Bf109 damaged were lost as a result of the destruction of three B-17s, one P-47 and four Spitfires. In September 1943, Allied air operations were very active.On 6 September, II. Gruppe was attacked by heavy bombers from the USAAF. That day, II. Four aerial victories were claimed by Bhlingen for the loss of three Bf 109s. Bhligen received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 2 March 1944 after being promoted to Major. At the time he was listed with 96 aerial victories, he was the 413th member of the German armed forces to be honored. The presentation was made at Hitler's residence in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps on April 4, 1944.Major Hansgeorg Btcher was also present at the award ceremony. The wing commander of JG 2 was killed in action. Bhligen became the last Geschwaderkommodore of JG 2. On June 7, 1944, Bhligen shot down two Republic P-47 Thunderbolts in the vicinity of Caen, taking his total to 100 aerial victories. He was the 75th pilot to reach the century mark. Bhligen received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords after his 104th aerial victory. He was the 88th member of the German armed forces to be honored.On 5 December 1944, Bhlingen was briefed on the objectives of the air superiority operation in support of the Battle of the Bulge. The headquarters of II was where the meeting took place. The 2nd Fighter Corps is at Flammersfeld. Heavy losses were sustained in the attack on Sint-Truiden Airfield. He did not fly during the operation. The meeting with Reichsmarschall Hermann Gring was dubbed the Fighter Pilots' Mutiny. This was an attempt to get Generalleutnant Adolf Galland back as General der Jagdflieger, who had been dismissed for being outspoken about the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe.The meeting was held at the Haus der Flieger in Berlin and was attended by a number of high-ranking fighter pilot leaders. The fighter pilots criticized Gring and made him personally responsible for the decisions that led to the lost air war over Europe. During the last days of World War II, Bhligen was in charge of operations against the Soviet advance on the Eastern Front. The remnants of JG 2 moved to Cham on April 18. They moved to Leck Airfield two days later. In support of the German forces fighting in the Battle of Berlin, JG 2 flew missions from Leck. Leck was under constant attack.There were some elements of I and II on April 23. They surrendered to US forces. A few pilots flew to Pocking before moving on to the area of Erding-Holzkirchen-Prien. On April 30th, JG 2 was dissolved and parts of it were dispersed in Leck and Fching. On May 8, the last elements of JG 2 surrendered to the British. Bhligen was taken prisoner by the Soviets after an engine failure. He was the fourth-highest scorer against the Western Allies when he shot down 112 enemy aircraft.All of his victories were claimed over the Western Front and North Africa, and included 13 P-38s, 9 P-47s, and 14 four-engine bombers. He had to make emergency landings three times. His final order was from the JG 2 fighter wing. In December 1949, Bhligen was released from captivity and returned to West Germany. He ran two car dealerships in Nidda. Bhligen was buried in section D of the cemetery at Nidda. The German Federal Archives have records for more than 99 aerial victory claims, plus nine more unconfirmed claims.He won all of his victories on the Western Front. Victory claims were recorded to a map-reference. All of Europe, western Russia and North Africa were covered by the Luftwaffe grid map, which was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude. A location area of 3  4 km was given to the 36 smaller units.

masks:
Kurt Bhligen
Kurt Ubben


texts: <mask> was born in Rhode Island and was an American naval commander. He was the son of Sarah Wallace Alexander and the older brother of Commodore Matthew C<mask>, and was the most prominent member of the naval dynasty. He served in the West Indies during the Quasi War of 1798–1800 against France, in the Mediterranean during the Barbary Wars of 1801–1815, and in the Caribbean fighting piracy and the slave trade, but is most noted for his heroic role in the War of 1812. A fleet was built at Erie, Pennsylvania during the war against Britain. He was given the title "Hero of Lake Erie" for leading American forces in a decisive naval victory at the Battle of Lake Erie. The victory of the Lake Erie military campaign was a turning point in the battle for the west in the war. He is remembered for the words on his battle flag, "Don't Give Up the Ship", which was a tribute to his colleague Captain James Lawrence.He is known for his message to General William Henry Harrison in which he said, "We have met the enemy and they are ours." During the Second Barbary War, he commanded in the Mediterranean. He was the subject of scores of books and articles in the press. Many places, ships and people have been named in his honor. In anticipation of his future career as an officer in the United States Navy, <mask> lived in Tower Hill, Rhode Island, when he was a boy. He was the oldest of the five boys. His family has a long line of accomplished naval men.He was christened by Reverend William Smith at the age of nine after his mother taught him to read and write. Reverend Theodore Dehon was the rector of the church from 1797 to 1810. He was educated in Rhode Island. He was appointed a midshipman in the United States Navy at the age of thirteen. His father was the commanding officer on her maiden voyage. The ship was charged with receiving American merchant ships and providing escort from Havana to the United States. During the Quasi-War with France, his service continued.On February 9, 1800, he experienced combat off the coast of the French colony of Haiti, which was in a state of rebellion. He was second in command during the First Barbary War and served aboard. He was under the command of Captain John Rodgers. He was in charge of the construction of gunboats. He commanded the sloop and engaged in patrol duties to enforce the Embargo Act, as well as a successful raid to regain an American ship held in Spanish territory in Florida. Revenge ran aground off Rhode Island and was lost. After helping the crew down the ropes over the stern of the vessel, he was the last to leave the vessel.The court-martial placed the blame on the ship's pilot. The remains of Revenge were claimed to have been found by a team of divers in January 2011. The Cannons from Revenge were salvaged by the U.S. Navy. After the court-martial, he was given a leave of absence from the Navy. He married Elizabeth Champlin Mason of Newport, Rhode Island, on May 5, 1812. They traveled to New England on their honeymoon. One of the children would die in infancy.The British Royal Navy and the United States Navy had control of the Great Lakes. The British were able to make inroads in the Great Lakes and northern New York waterways because of the small American naval forces. The roles played by commanders like Thomas Macdonough at Lake Champlain were vital to the naval effort. Nelson's battles were studied by all naval officers of the day. He was no exception. During the war, he was given command of the American naval forces on Lake Erie. The Secretary of the Navy charged prominent merchant seaman Daniel Dobbins with building the American fleet on Presque Isle Bay at Erie, Pennsylvania, and named him chief naval officer.He followed Nelson's example in describing his battle plans to his captains. The Battle of Lake Erie took place on September 10, 1813, and was the result of a successful fleet action against a squadron of the Royal Navy. "If a victory is to be gained, I will get it," he said at the beginning of the battle. The exchange of gunfire favored the British. The British commander sent a small boat to request that the American vessel pull down its flag because the flagship was severely disabled in the encounter. "Don't give up the ship" is a paraphrase of the dying words of Captain James Lawrence, the ship's namesake and <mask>'s friend. In order to bring the other schooners into close proximity to the damaged British ships, Captain <mask>.Nelson broke the opposing line at Trafalgar. The ships were bombarded until they could offer no resistance. He received the British surrender on the deck of the Lawrence in order to allow them to see the terrible price his men had paid. "We have met the enemy and they are ours; two ships, two brigs, one schooner and one sloop," said the brief battle report to General William Henry Harrison. This was the first time in history that an entire British naval squadron had surrendered, and every captured ship was returned to Presque Isle. Although the engagement was small compared to naval battles such as the Battle of Trafalgar, the victory had disproportionate strategic importance, opening Canada up to possible invasion, while simultaneously protecting the entire Ohio Valley. After the loss of the British squadron, Harrison's army defeated the British in the Battle of the Thames, the deaths of Tecumseh and Roundhead, and the break-up of his Indian alliance.It was one of the two significant fleet victories of the war along with the Battle of Plattsburgh. Nine battles that led to and followed the Battle of Lake Erie had a seminal impact. Capturing Fort George, Ontario in the Battle of Fort George was one of the Lake Erie military campaign victories that was influenced by his physical participation and brilliant strategic leadership. The Battle Flag "Don't give up the ship", a phrase repeated by Captain James Lawrence during his dying days after being wounded by enemy fire, became the battle cry of <mask> <mask>. When he arrived at Presque Isle, <mask> told him that Lawrence would be honored with the name of a brig, which was simply called Lawrence. Lawrence's words would be the battle cry for the coming days, and a battle flag would also be needed. The battle flag was made by a woman named Margaret Steuart, wife of Army Captain Thomas Steuart and sister to Thomas Steuart, who was commander of the Erie Light Infantry that guarded the fleet.Within a few days, she had the flag ready with the help of her two daughters, three nieces, and a cousin. As of July 2009, the flag, Steuart's work, and Lawrence's dying words can still be seen, as the flag has been placed on display at the U.S. The Naval Academy is in Maryland. Nelson had a controversy that was less well served. While serving with Chauncey at Lake Ontario, he was given the task of augmenting the squadron with 11 officers and 91 men, but none were sent. If Chauncey could have foreseen that he himself should be sent to Lake Erie, his selections would have been different. They accepted the situation, though with growing ill- will, and appropriated the "best of the worst" for the area.As the news of the battle at Lake Erie spread, both of them were celebrated as national heroes. After the battle, several junior officers publicly criticized Elliott's performance, charging that he allowed Lawrence to suffer the most damage from the British fire. In a letter to Taylor's wife, the sailing master said that the meeting between the two men was terse. How was the day going? <mask> said it was bad. After agreeing to take a small boat and rally the schooners,Elliott volunteered to do so. As the battle began,Elliott was not on board.There had been a lack of effective signaling. The charges were not acted upon. Attempting to restore his honor,Elliott and his supporters began a 30-year campaign that would outlive both men and leave his reputation in tatters. In his report to Secretary of the Navy William Jones, which was written three days after the battle, he mentionedElliott in a way that betrayed his disdain for him. Since the close of the action, he has given me the most able and essential assistance. The Thanks of Congress, a promotion to the rank of Captain, and a Congressional Gold medal were all given to <mask> on January 6, 1814. Congress authorized 27 gold medals for the War of 1812.The Thanks of Congress was 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 The recognition would cause resentment on both sides of the controversy. In honor of his victory at Lake Erie, he was elected to the New York Society of the Cincinnati. In May 1814, Perry took command of a squadron of seven gunboats. He was placed in command of a 44-gun ship in Baltimore in July and held this position for only two months. During the British invasion of the Chesapeake Bay, Perry was involved in the defense of Baltimore and Washington, D.C. The career naval officer saw combat for the last time in these land battles.Java could not be put to sea before the Treaty of Ghent was signed. The post-war years were marred by controversy. During the Second Barbary War, he commanded Java in the Mediterranean. While moored in Naples, <mask> slapped the commander of the ship's Marines, who he considered incompetent and insubordinate. Both men were reprimanded by the court-martial after they were found guilty. On the same field in Weehawken, New Jersey where Alexander Hamilton was shot and killed, a pistol duel was fought after the crew returned home. Heath missed the first shot.The Marine's honor was satisfied when <mask> was reignited by the return from the Mediterranean of <mask>. After an exchange of angry letters, <mask> refused to participate in a duel. Even though it was considered cowardice to refuse a duel, no one doubted the physical courage of the man and few felt that he had offended the honor of the man. The court-martial charges were filed on August 8, 1818. There were six

masks:
Oliver Hazard Perry
. Perry
Perry
Perry
JesseElliottPerry
Oliver Hazard
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
PerryElliott
Perry
Perry


texts: charges and twenty-one specifications, including "conduct unbecoming an officer" and "failure to destroy the vessel of the enemy which it was his duty to encounter." The Secretary of the Navy Smith Thompson and the President James Monroe wanted to avoid a scandal between two decorated naval heroes, so they offered the other one a diplomatic mission to South America in exchange for dropping his charges.This ended the controversy and it would continue to be debated for another quarter century. A large house on Washington Square in Newport was built in the 17th century for a merchant named Peter buloid. The house was built in 1865 and is now an antique bookstore. While still maintaining friendly relations with the Republic of Venezuela and the Republic of Buenos Aires, in 1819, <mask> sailed for the Orinoco River, Venezuela, aboard of the frigate and the schooner, arriving on July 15 to discourage piracy. Due to the shallow draft of his flag,<mask> sailed upriver to negotiate an anti-piracy agreement with President Simn Bolvar. A favorable treaty was signed on August 11 with Vice- President Francisco Antonio Zea in the absence of Bolivar, who was engaged in the liberation of New Granada, but when the schooner started downriver, many of her crew had been stricken with yellow fever. The commodore died as the ship entered the Gulf of Paria and was nearing Port of Spain on August 23, 1819, his 34th birthday.The Nonsuchs crew acted as honor guard while he was buried in Port of Spain. His remains were returned to the United States in the 19th century. His body was moved from the Old Common Burial Ground to Newport's Island Cemetery. Christopher Raymond <mask> was the son of Sarah Wallace Alexander and was born in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. The inspiration for the movie "Braveheart" was the life of William Wallace, a Scottish nobleman and military leader. Elizabeth Champlin Mason was married to <mask>. Four of the five children lived to maturity.Their daughter was the great-granddaughter of Benjamin Franklin. The commander of the Artillery Company of Newport from April 1848 until his death in 1854 was Christopher Grant Champlin <mask>, the doctor's son. In May 1849 he was commissioned as a brigadier general in the Rhode Island Militia and given command of the 1st brigade. <mask> <mask>, Jr. joined the Navy as a midshipman in 1829 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1849. He was a member of the United States Exploring expedition. Although he is buried in the same cemetery as his parents, he is not buried in the same plot. Christopher Raymond <mask> graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1842.During the Mexican War, he fought at the Battle of Palo Alto and the Battle of Resaca-delaPalma. He was a 1st lieutenant when he died. The second person to become a United States naval aviator and the first person to fly an airplane across the United States are his extended family's descendants. George Champlin Mason, Jr. was a noted architect and historian. <mask> Farge was an American writer and anthropologist best known for his 1930 Pulitzer Prize–winning novel Laughing Boy. The great-grandnephew was an American and a United States Representative from New York. Ruth Black married a Gulf Oil executive on September 3, 1964.The 14th Governor of Indiana is a famous Republican politician and U.S. citizen. The leader of the Radical Republican reconstructionists was named in his honor. The dates of rank Midshipman, Lieutenant, Master, and Captain should be kept in mind that, prior to the American Civil War, commodore was the commandant. When he took command of the Lake Erie squadron, he held the title of commodore. The midshipman was assigned in April 1799 to May 1802, the acting lieutenant in June 1802 to November 1803, and the first lieutenant in July 1805 to December 1805. Many locations, both in Rhode Island and near Lake Erie, are named in his honor. There are neighborhoods in the city of Pittsburgh, PA that are referred to as the "Observatory Hill" and the "Perry South" neighborhoods.South Perry is an unincorporated hamlet in Hocking County, Ohio. There is a township in Stark County, Ohio. The local high school is named after him. There are two townships in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, called Oliver Township and Perry Township. South Kingstown is a town in Rhode Island. The highway is named after Commodore <mask>. The street in Newport is named after him.The City of Hazard is in Kentucky. The Commodore Perry Service Plaza is located in Sandusky County, Ohio, on the east side of the Ohio Turnpike. The inn is located in St Michael's, Maryland. The hotel is 4 star. The restaurant has a 4 star rating. There is a pub called Purser's. There is a resort as well as a golf course.At Put-In-Bay, Ohio, there is a monument to the man called the "Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial". The world's most massive Doric column was built by a multi-state commission between 1912 and 1915. On the 36th anniversary of his death, a memorial plaque was dedicated in the Trinity Episcopal Church in Newport, Rhode Island. On September 10, 1860, the 47th anniversary of the Battle of Lake Erie, the monument and statue by William Walcutt was dedicated. Walcutt's marble statue was replaced with a bronze copy in 1929. In 1991, the monument was moved to Fort Huntington Park. The long-term loan of Walcutt's marble statue is to the Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial.The Battle of Lake Erie was dedicated on September 10, 1885. Front Park, Buffalo, New York, was dedicated to <mask> <mask> on September 25, 1916. Paul Philippe Cret designed a bronze copy of the William Greene Turner statue. The Gateway of Port-of-Spain was dedicated in 1925. The United States Navy representative at the dedication arrived aboard the light cruiser. There is a monument at Misery Bay in Presque Isle State Park. The bronze copy after William Walcutt was dedicated on the south front of the Rhode Island State House.The statue of William Walcutt was the inspiration for the bronze copy of the monument. There is a statue of William Walcutt near the International Peace Memorial on the reverse of the "Perry's Victory" quarter. The family farm in South Kingstown was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Executive Chamber of the Rhode Island State House has a portrait of <mask> hanging there. The Toledo Museum of Art has paintings by Gilbert and Jane Stuart. William Henry Powell wrote "<mask>'s Victory on Lake Erie". The dimensions are.The Battle of Lake Erie was written by William Henry Powell. Gari Melchers is the Executive Chamber of Rhode Island State House. Edward Percy Moran wrote about the Battle of Lake Erie. The Battle of Lake Erie took place in September of 1813. The United States Naval Academy is in Maryland. In 2016 principal photography began on We Have Met the Enemy, a feature-length documentary produced by Lou Reda. Commodore <mask>'s ships have been honored many times with his name on them.The armed side-wheel ferry built in 1859 by Stack and Joyce was purchased by the Navy on October 2, 1861 and commissioned later in the month. It was sunk in the Battle of Peleliu. A ship. There is a list of Liberty ships. The guided-missile frigate and the s, of which it was a member, are named after him. The Navy built 51 Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates, with the first going into service in 1977 and the last in 2015. See also the ship.There is a list of books about the War of 1812. The Macmillan Dictionary of Military Biography was published in 1998. p. 343. George and <mask> were both born in the 1800s. The history of the battle of Lake Erie is included in the papers. At the American Library Association. Notices of Commodore Elliot's conduct in the Battle of Lake Erie can be found at the Internet Archive.Conners, William James, was born in the 19th century. The victory of the <mask>s was 100 years ago. The report was written for the state of New York. B. Lyon Company is a printing company. The book was written by Borstin, Daniel J. The War of 1812 was published in August 1966. Cooper, James Fenimore died here for the American Library Association.The History of the Navy was written by James Fenimore. Richard. We have met the enemy, <mask> <mask>, wilderness commodore. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., pp. The first edition of the scholar's bookshelf. October 15, 2006 There are resources about <mask> <mask>.<mask>'s Victory on Lake Erie was written by Joseph Giles. The Military Historical Society of Massachusetts is at the American Library Association. Jesse D. address The U.S.N. was delivered to Washington County, Maryland, on November 24, 1843. 137 pp. At the library. The War of 1812: The Forgotten Conflict is published by the University of Illinois Press.The National Historical Society has a book prize. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Don't give up the ship! There are myths about the War of 1812. The University of Illinois Press is in Urbana. The War on the Lakes was written by Commodore <mask> <mask>. Alexander Slidell was a person by the name of Mackenzie.Commodore <mask> <mask> is a famous American naval hero, victor of the battle of Lake Erie, and his life and achievements can be found at the Internet Archive. The life of Commodore <mask> <mask> was written by Alexander Slidell. Volume 1 and 2 are from New York. The Sea Power in Its Relation to the War of 1812 was published in 1905. The American Library Association is based in Boston. Edward Payson's Lake Erie and the story of Commodore <mask> can be found in the Internet Archive. John Niles was from Bedford, Mass.The Life of <mask> <mask> was written by Applewood Books. George was referred to as Reid. Captain Dobbins, Benjamin Fleming and others helped him. The Journal publishing company is located in Erie, Pennsylvania. A Signal Victory: The Lake Erie Campaign, winner of the John Lyman Book Awards, was written by Skaggs and Altoff. The United States Naval Institute has a magazine called Perry Triumphant. White, James T.The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. There are external links to the National Park Service. There is a Naval Historical Center. The Battle of Lake Erie was written by <mask>. There are papers in the William L. Clements Library. Sailing Master William Taylor wrote a book about the Battle of Lake Erie. The US brigadier is the <mask> I.P.A.There is a tasting guide on the Great Lakes Brewing Co. website. The War of 1812 resulted in the deaths of 19th-century American naval officers and people from Rhode

masks:
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
Oliver Hazard
Perry
Perry
Oliver La
Oliver Hazard
Oliver Hazard
Perry
Commodore Perry
Perry
Perry
Oliver
Perry
Oliver Hazard
Perry
Oliver Hazard
Perry
Perry
Oliver Hazard
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Oliver Hazard
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Perry Chicago
Oliver Hazard
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Commodore Perry


texts: The pioneer of the American West, who was an early convert to the Mormon church, was a ring leader in the Mountain Meadows massacre. He was raised on a farm in New York and became a Baptist at the age of 18. He found a job as a teacher. He converted to Mormonism and founded a branch with forty members in his neighborhood. In order to escape religious persecution, his family arrived in Illinois in July of 1842. He was often asked to serve as a bodyguard for Joseph Smith. The first member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints to hear of the death of Joseph Smith was Haight.He moved to Utah in 1847 from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The mountains in southern Utah are 300 miles from Salt Lake City and were explored in 1849 by <mask> and fifty others. George A. Smith was one of the explorers who established a winter home there. He was placed in charge of purchasing and assembling supplies for thousands of new European converts to cross the plains after he returned from England. He married twoTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkia He was the first mayor of Cedar City, Utah when he was a farmer, after being appointed to the territorial legislature. <mask> was the Stake President at the time of the massacre.The massacre of the Baker-Fancher party of emigrants was ordered by <mask> when he was in command of the Iron County Militia. One of the emigrant trains that traveled through the area on their way to California was the Baker-Fancher train. George A. Smith came down to southern Utah and ordered residents to prepare for war with the United States. Smith was promised by <mask> that he could destroy federal troops before they could make their way down through the canyons. Jacob was called to be the new president of the mission to Utah's Native Indian tribes. Chief Tutsegavit and other southern Utah Paiute chiefs were to meet with Brigham Young in Salt Lake City. If the natives assisted the Mormons in fighting the Americans, the tribes would be granted all the cattle on the California trails.The militia in southern Utah were called in to help natives raid settlers' stock. In the afternoon of September 5, at a meeting of the high council in Cedar City, a divisive and quarrelsome debate was held to discuss the recent troubles with the passing emigrant train. Those present - stake president <mask>, his counselor John Higbee, Bishop Klingensmith and high councilor Laban Morrill among others - generally agreed on the grievances they perceived in the company that had passed the previous Thursday. There was debate about attacking the train because of the cloud of war over the territory. More moderate options were proposed. There was no consensus on what to do. Morrill promised that an express rider would be dispatched to Great Salt Lake Valley to get directions.<mask> said in his speech on September 6 that he was prepared to give the same bread to the gentiles. I will give the last ounce of strength and if need be my last drop of blood in defense of Zion. The extended families of the Baker-Fancher train set up their camp. After a siege of the train by Paiutes and militiamen, militiamen arrived at the scene without disguise and approached the train. After the emigrants were disarmed, militia members and Paiutes murdered all of the emigrant party, but for reasons still unclear, the militia used a subterfuge of offering safe passage to the emigrants in exchange for the emigrants' disarming and turning their cattle over to the Paiutes Scholars are still debating if the massacre was instigated by senior LDS Church leadership or if responsibility lies with the local leaders of southern Utah. The U.S. Civil War interrupted investigations.<mask> and other conspirators were kicked out of the LDS Church in 1870. <mask> and eight others were indicted. In Mormon outposts in southern Utah, Mexico, and Arizona, <mask> hid with his son. He was a fugitive from federal authorities for the rest of his life. There was a reward for the capture of <mask>, Higbee and Stewart. John D. Lee was the only one to stand trial. The execution of Lee took place on March 23, 1877.<mask> died in Thatcher, Arizona at the age of 73. The notes have references. There are external links to a sketch of <mask>'s life. I Would to God is a personal history of <mask>. It was edited by Janet Burton. Southern Utah University Press was published in 2009. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints converted to Mormonism in the 19th century.

masks:
Haight
Haight
Haight
Haight
Haight
Haight
Haight
Haight
Haight
Haight
Death Haight
Haight
Haight


texts: Q was a writer who used the name Sir <mask>. Although a prolific novelist, he is remembered mainly for the monumental publication The Oxford Book of English Verse 1250–1900 (later extended to 1918) and for his literary criticism. The author of 84, Charing Cross Road and its sequel, Q's Legacy, was influenced by him. John Mortimer's fictional character, Horace Rumpole, was a fan of the Oxford Book of English verse. <mask> was born in Bodmin, Cornwall. His father was a noted physician, folklorist and historian who married Mary Ford and lived at 63 Fore Street in Bodmin until his death in 1884. Thomas was the product of a union between two local families.The third in a line of intellectuals was <mask>. Jonathan Couch was a physician, historian, classicist, apothecary, and illustrator. His sisters were both writers and folklorists. <mask> was the father of two children. His son was a war hero and poet, whose romantic letters to his fiancée, the poet May Wedderburn Cannan, were published in Tears of War. The inspiration for the character Ratty came from the first edition of Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows. He graduated from Trinity College, Oxford, with a First in Classical Moderations and a Second in Greats.He was a lecturer at Trinity from 1886 to 1886. He settled at Fowey in Cornwall in 1891 after some journalistic experience in London. He worked for the Liberal Party in Cornwall. He was knighted in 1910 and made a Bard of the Cornish cultural society in 1928. He was Commodore of the Royal Fowey Yacht Club until his death. He was the president of the Village Drama Society. During his daily walk to the Royal Fowey Yacht Club, he was injured by a jeep near his home in Cornwall in the preceding March and died at home in May 1944.He is buried in the church of St. Fimbarrus. The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry was in World War I. TheCornwall Pioneers. The 10th battalion was raised in March 1915 by the Mayor and citizens of Truro, not by the War Office. Colonel Dudley Acland Mills, who had retired from the Royal Engineers six years earlier, was one of the two officers. They were not paid. Their work raising and training a battalion for war was remarkable, but their efforts were never appreciated by the military hierarchy.The War Office took over the 10th Battalion on August 24, 1915, and it must have been a relief to these two gentlemen. During his time at Oxford, he published Dead Man's Rock, a romance in the style of Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, and The Astonishing History of Troy Town, a comic novel set in a fictionalized version of his home town. The story "The Rollcall of the Reef" was based on the wreck of a ship on the Cornish coast. He published a complete manuscript of Robert Louis Stevenson's unfinished novel, St. Ives, in 1898. He was a writer of excellent verse from his time in Oxford. His poetical work is contained in Poems and Ballads, with the exception of Green Bays. The Golden Pomp, an anthology from the 16th- and 17th-century English lyricists, was published in 1895.The New Oxford Book of English verse appeared in 1972 and extended the period of concern to 1918. The Sleeping Beauty and other fairy tales were published in 1910. He was the author of a number of popular novels with Cornish settings. 1927–29 He held the chair for the rest of his life after being appointed King Edward VII Professor of English Literature at the University of Cambridge in 1912. He held onto the fellowship until his death. On the Art of Writing was his first book as a professor of English literature.The rooms were known as the Q-bicle. He was in charge of the beginning of the English Faculty. He is sometimes considered to be the epitome of the school of English literary criticism. Nick Clarke's biography of Cooke states that he was regarded by the Cambridge establishment as "rather eccentric" even by the university's standards. Some of Shakespeare's plays were published in the New Shakespeare, which was published by Cambridge University Press, as well as Studies in Literature and On the Art of Reading. The Oxford Book of English Prose was edited by him. His memoir, Memories and Opinions, was published in 1945.John Mortimer's fictional character Horace Rumpole often quotes Legacy His Book of English Verse. The unfinished Castle Dor, a re-telling of the Iseult myth in modern times, was completed many years after the death of the original author. As she wrote in the Sunday Telegraph in 1962, she began the job in memory of happy evenings when "Q" was host at Sunday supper. The Last Romantics features him as a main character. His relationship with F. R. Leavis is the focus of the story. His Cambridge inaugural lecture series, published as On the Art of Writing, is the source of the popular writers' adage "murder your darlings". The Ship of Stars, A Fowey Garland, Old Fires and Profitable Ghosts, The Westcotes, The White Wolf and Other Fireside Tales are some of the stories in Noughts and Crosses.Shakespeare's Christmas and Other Stories (1905) was written by Sir John Constantine. Tales and Romances was a collection of Q's fiction. The Golden Pomp is a collection of English lyrics from the south to the north. The Portrait of "Q" was written by Rowse. A.T. There is a person named Quiller-Cough. The Poets of the Younger Generation.The Bodley Head was written by John Lane. 94–104. S.T. is the name of the person. They did it in 2004. "Ghosts and Scholars" is a book by Sir <mask>-Couch. The evolution of the weird tale. Hippocampus Press is in New York.49–52. S.P.B. Mais. The year 1920. "'Q' as critic." In: books and their writers. Grant Richards, pp. 200–225.The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library has the 'Quiller-Couch Family Papers'. Academics of the University of Cambridge Alumni have a dedicated website called 'Quiller-Couch'.

masks:
Arthur Thomas Quiller Couch
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur Quiller