texts: <mask>'Souza was born on August 5, 1987 and is an Indian actress and model. D'Souza began her acting career after gaining attention in a Parker Pen commercial. She was recognized for her work in Boys. D'Souza received her first Filmfare Award in 2006 for her performance in the romantic film, Bommarillu. She received rave reviews for her performance in the Tamil remake of Bommarillu and the Bollywood movie Jaane Tu... Jaane Na. D'Souza has hosted a television show and been a brand ambassador for several brands in India.She has acted in many successful films, including Dhee and Mr. Medhavi. One of the leading actresses in the South Indian film industry, D'Souza has acted in several commercially successful movies. D'Souza was born in Mumbai. She was raised in Mumbai. Jeanette D'Souza was the managing director of the pharma multinational corporation. She left her job to help D'Souza. Neil D'Souza is a senior official with the company.She has a younger brother who works for the Bombay Stock Exchange. According to D'Souza, her name is a combination of Jeanette and Neil, her mother and father's names. She is informally referred to as Geenu. D'Souza joined St. Andrew's College in Bandra to pursue her bachelor's degree of Management Studies after studying at the Apostolic Carmel High School. She completed her degree while working on her first film and thought that she would be a good fit for an MNC job. She was a state level athlete, sprinter, and a national level football player. At the age of 15, D'Souza did her first modeling assignment after being spotted as the bridesmaid at a wedding.She had to shoot the commercial the next day after being selected for it just two days before her exams. She initially refused because of her exam, but the director persuaded her to shoot the commercial. She got a lot of attention because of her expressions in the Parker Pen commercial. She did an advertisement for the 2003 Cricket World Cup. When D'Souza was offered a role, she initially turned it down because she didn't want to pursue a career in acting. The crew kept in touch with her for two months, and she agreed when she saw the version of the movie in the other language. She was cast in a leading role in a Tamil film after impressing the director with her performance in a commercial.300 girls tried out for the movie and D'Souza was one of them. She signed three movies in three different languages at the same time. D'Souza's professional movie career began with her Bollywood debut. D'Souza is a wonderful performer. She has a performance that is natural to the core. The film did well at the box office. It did not help her career in Bollywood.She decided to act in South Indian films. She made her Tamil debut as the teenage girl Harini in Boys, a story about five teenagers having stereotypical teen-boy fantasies. The movie, which was noted for its sexual content, was a box-office success, and subsequently she started getting offers for films in other languages. She left Tamil cinema for a while to focus on the film industry. She was a medical student in Satyam. <mask>'s body language is her major asset according to Sify. The movie raised her profile in the film industry.Masti was D'Souza's second Bollywood movie. Three friends who had been together for three years are now married, and are being harassed by their wives. The character of one of the wives was portrayed by D'Souza. <mask> looks the stern and demanding wife and is sure to be noticed. The film did well at the box office. She appeared in two movies in the same year. In 2005, she starred in the movie Naa Alludu.A review in The Hindu stated, "<mask>, who hardly made an impression in Boys, makes much impact in Sachein." The movie was well received by the younger generation. She appeared in a movie called Subhash Chandra Bose. The year 2006 was a turning point in D'Souza's career. Happy was the romantic comedy that she completed in early 2006 and the other was Raam. She portrayed the role of a happy-go-lucky young girl in a romantic film. The movie won the Golden Nandi award in 2006 for its box-office success in India.Her character was well received, and she received several awards for it, including the Telugu Filmfare Award for Best Actress. The scene stealer is <mask> with her innocent looks and cute mannerisms. We fall in love with her character because she does not overact. Genelia is the life of the party and raises the bar of the film. D'Souza played the role of the daughter of a local don in the Tamil film Chennai Kadhal. She commented, "Genelia stands up yet again to prove the point that if you are pretty and well dressed, you can get away with anything, without acting." D'Souza played the sister of a notorious criminal in the movie Dhee, which was set against a gang war backdrop.D'Souza played a student from Canada in the 2008 film Mr. Medhavi. <mask> was praised for her performance in the movie, with Rediff.com saying that she was "full of Joie-de-vivre and lights up the screen." She made her debut in the film. She was cast in a leading role in the Tamil remake of Bommarillu. The film was more successful than its predecessor. Sify described <mask>'s portrayal as "the soul of the film" and the film's biggest strength, but Rediff.com said her character appeared a little too good to be true. She returned to Bollywood in June 2008 after a nearly five-year hiatus, but her film failed to make a profit at the box-office.A Rediff review said, "Genelia brings in tons of freshness and traits to the youthful characters she chooses to play", while a Sify review said, "Genelia is sprightly but has a standard two-three expressions bank in this film." Ready alongside Ram was well received and she appeared in it. Her breakthrough performance in 2008 was in the movie Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na was an economic success across India and overseas. Rediff described her acting as a "spark that has been missing in Hindi cinema for well over a decade now" for her new style of acting. D'Souza acted in a movie in that year. The life of the film is definitely Genelia and she has shown the varied emotions from innocence, sadness, romance and anger in equal proportions without a hitch.D'Souza was cast in a Hindi film in which she was criticized for her performance. The adorable little imp from Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na has turned into a nagging harridan in this film, and how you wish she'd immediately enroll for acting lessons. In 2009, she won the Nandi Special Jury Award for her performance in the film Katha, which was well received. In 2010, D'Souza appeared in Chance Pe Dance and Orange, both receiving poor reviews from critics, but Uthama Puthiran was a success in Tamil. In her first film, D'Souza played the role of a Muslim warrior princess. The film is about a boy who wants to assassinate a Portuguese explorer in the 15th century. She trained for two weeks to use the sword, short stick, and movements of the Dravidian martial art Kalarippayattu.Her image was portrayed in a more serious way in the movie. D'Souza's next movie, Force, received mixed reviews from critics, with Bollywood Hungama noting that D'Souza is strikingly sweet and subdued. She played the role of a journalist in the film, which was commercially successful. She appeared in Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya and Naa Ishtam in 2012 and also in Jai Ho and Lai Bhaari. She played a small role in Force 2. <mask> became a producer for her husband's film and also appeared in a song. She will return to acting after 10 years with her debut film Vedd.She will appear with Riteish in Mister Mummy. D'Souza frequently attends Sunday Mass at St. Anne's Parish (Bandra), and whenever the family is home, a part of their evening is reserved for saying the rosary together. She tells The Times of India that she keeps a Novena every Wednesday at St. Michael's Church. She said that she is God's favourite child and that God has always been kind to her. The Tabloids have linked D'Souza and Deshmukh romantically since they starred together in their first film. They were ready to get married, but the Maharashtra Chief Minister did not agree. D'Souza denied rumors of a relationship and said she had friendly relations with him.The couple had a Christian wedding in the church on the same day they got married in a Hindu ceremony. The first child of the couple was born on November 25, 2014). Their second son was born in June. D'Souza was a part of Mani Ratnam's stage show, Netru, Indru, Naalai, an event which seeks to raise funds for The Banyan, a voluntary organisation which rehabilitates homeless women with mental illness in Chennai. She was a judge at the grand finale of Gladrags Mega Model and Manhunt 2009. She walked the ramp with Tushar at the Lakme Fashion Week in March of 2009. D'Souza was one of the Bollywood celebrities who performed at the Miss India finale in Mumbai.She was a contestant on the second season of HDIL India Couture Week in October 2009. On 24 October 2009, D'Souza began hosting Big Switch, a television show based on slum kids on UTV Bindass channel to reach a bigger audience. She launched Spinz Black Magic in Mumbai on October 7, 2009. At the Chennai International Fashion Week in December 2009, she was a model for designer Ishita Singh's spring-summer indigenous collection of 2010. She has a world record of delivering four different super hit films in four different languages. In one calendar year, Ya Jaane Na. She was a part of eBay's 2010 "Dream House" challenge, where she transformed an empty three-room apartment into an attractive home with online shopping.She was given a budget and two weeks to create a look with items on sale on the website. D'Souza auctioned items from the apartment on Children's Day. Aseema, a Non-governmental organization, which aims to provide education to underprivileged children, received all the proceeds from the auction. Reception D'Souza has been tagged in the media as the "bubbly girl" after portraying the role of a young energetic girl in several movies. There are two books, Ya Jaane Na and Bommarillu. She was a guest on the fourth episode of Tere Mere Beach Mein, a celebrity chat show. The theme of the show was "Second Innings", since both D'Souza and Kapoor had the same history of failures and success later in their acting careers.In June 2010, D'Souza was crowned as the "Brand Ambassador of the Year" for endorsing nine brands. She is the brand ambassador of the soft drink Fanta, the chocolate Perk, Virgin Mobile India, Fastrack watches and accessories, as well as John Abraham and Abhay Deol. She was the subject of a controversy in June 2010 when a Tamil daily reported that she had attended the 2010 IIFA Awards. Several Bollywood actors and the South Indian film industry boycotted the event, over the alleged killing of Tamilian civilians at the height of the conflict between the Sri Lanka Army and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. A friend of hers was seen at a festival in Srilanka. Several Tamil groups and Kollywood associations demanded that her films be banned immediately. A controversy broke out for her film Force, in a wedding scene of herself and John Abraham.According to sources, the wedding ceremony and rituals were so authentic that they would have been husband and wife in real life. A real priest was called for the scene instead of a junior artiste. The priest went to the office of the producer to register a complaint. As D'Souza is already married to John Abraham, he insisted that the couple couldn't get married. Shah dismissed the claims as a publicity stunt. <mask> D'Souza has External links at Yahoo! Indian Roman Catholics Athletes from Mumbai 1987 births St. Andrew's College of Arts, Science and Commerce alumni.

masks:
Genelia D
Genelia
Genelia
Genelia
Genelia
Genelia
Genelia
Genelia
Genelia


type: paraphrased

texts: From 2012 to 2016 <mask> was the first Vice-Chancellor of the University of Professional Studies, Accra. From 2005 to 2008 he was the Pro-Rector of the same institution. From 1997 to 2001 <mask> was a Member of Parliament for the Greater Accra Constituency and from 1997 to 2001 he was a Minister of State for the Greater Accra and the Northern Regions. After the National Democratic Congress lost the 2000 elections, <mask> led the party's reorganization in the Greater Accra region. After the reorganization, he became the first former Minister of the party to contest and win as the Regional Chairman of the NDC. A native of the Ga ethnic group from Nungua, <mask> was born on March 1, 1958. His mother was a trader and his father was an auto mechanic.He attended both the primary and middle school at the St. John's Preparatory School. From 1971 to 1976, he obtained the Ordinary and Advanced-Level Certificates at the Tamale Secondary School. <mask> attended the Institute of Professional Studies from 1976 to 1980 for his professional training in Accountancy and Marketing. He received a masters degree in Industrial Economics from the Moscow Institute of National Economy in 1986 and a masters degree in International Marketing from the University of Glasgow in Scotland in 1986. He is a Fellow of the Ghana Institute of Taxation, a member of the Chartered Institute of Marketing, and an Associate Professor of Marketing. <mask> left for the Soviet Union in 1981 to pursue his academic degrees after taking up a teaching appointment at the Northern School of Business. <mask> was a lecturer for twenty years prior to his appointment as Vice-Chancellor.He was the Head of the Marketing Department from 1989 to 2003 and the Dean of the Management Faculty from 2003 to 2005. He was promoted to the rank of Senior Lecturer by the university in 2001, and associate professor in 2008 after meeting the criteria for promotions set by the university's Appointments and Promotions Board. He was promoted to the position of Pro-Rector from 2005 to 2008. <mask> has served on a number of committees at the institutional level. He chairs the Development Committee, Publications Committee, Research and Conference Committee and the Library Committee. <mask> was elected as a Member of Parliament from 1997 to 2001 on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress. <mask> was a member of the Business Committee of Parliament and a member of the Parliamentary select Committee on Food and Agriculture.He was appointed as a Minister of State by the President of the Republic of Ghana. Between 1997 and 2001 he was moved to the Northern Region to serve as Regional Minister and then again moved back to the creation region. From 1997 to 2001 he was the chairman of the Regional Security Councils. When the NDC lost the 2000 elections, <mask> was appointed as the chairman of the Greater Accra Regional Reorganization Committee. He became the Greater Accra Regional Chairman of the NDC in 2001. He worked for the Prof. John Atta Mills campaign in 2004. While a student in Europe, <mask> held the positions of President Europe from 1985 to 1986, President USSR from 1983 to 1985, and Vice-president Moscow from 1982 to 1983.In 1984 <mask> delivered a volume of medicines to the Head of State. There was a heightened period of the recession in the early 1980s. <mask> was the General Secretary for the Ghana League Clubs Association from 1994 to 1997. From 1994 to 1997 he was a member of the Ghana Football Association's management board. <mask> is a Christian. He married Goski B. <mask>, a professor of Quality Management and Leadership. They have two children.A number of corporate boards have been served on by <mask>. He was the chairman of the board of trustees for the Social Security and National Insurance Trust for four years. He was the chairman of the HFC Bank's board of directors for two years. He was the Chairman of the council for five years. He was the Chairman of the council for a number of years. <mask> was the Chairman of the Social Science Committee of the UNESCO Commission of Ghana from 2009 to 2014, as well as a member of the Ghana National Commission for UNESCO. <mask> chaired the West Africa Region of the International Association of University Presidents from 2011 to 2016 and was a Member of the Group of Experts of the executive board of UNESCO.A number of international and national projects have been managed by him. A member of the Federation of Consumer Organization in 115 countries, he is the founder and board chairman of the Consumer Advocacy Center. <mask> was awarded the Officer of the Order of the Volta by the President of the Republic of Ghana. In July 2015, <mask> received an award from the CIB in recognition of his leadership and transformation of the IPS to a fully-fledged University and for his performance in the banking and finance landscape. The All-Africa Students Union named him the Africa Vice-Chancellor of the Year. The National Union of Ghana Students awarded <mask> for his contribution to education. <mask> was the Marketing Man of the Year in the country.He was named the most influential public sector leader in the country in 2012 by the ImanI Centre for Policy and Education. Government ministers of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana) and University of Professional Studies alumni are some of the living people.

masks:
Joshua Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi


texts: <mask> AM is an Australian sports journalist and former rugby league football coach. He is a sports columnist. He was a school teacher with an interest in team psychology who enjoyed some success as a schoolboy coach before embarking on a professional coaching career. <mask> was the eldest of seven children and was the wife of the school teacher. His siblings include current affairs journalist <mask>, <mask>, a Los Angeles radio show host, <mask>, a London-based film producer, <mask> television producer and <mask>. During his early teaching years at Tweed River High, Coaching <mask> had little experience as a professional rugby league footballer having played country football. <mask> qualified as a teacher in 1963, after teaching at Tweed River and Armidale, and after coaching their rugby league side to victory in the prestigious University Shield schoolboys competition.He was the coach of the inaugural Australian Schoolboys representative side which featured future stars such as Ian Schubert and Craig Young. During their tour of Great Britain, the side scored over 100 tries in 11 games. <mask>' senior coaching career began with a minor role with Penrith in 1974 as one of five members of the coaching panel. He was a social science teacher at Doonside High School. When Don Parish was the head coach, he shifted to the Western Suburbs Magpies to coach their under 23s side. He was appointed head coach in 1978 due to the support of Tommy and Les. After suffering three successive grand final losses to St George, <mask> re-built the Magpies.He coached the Magpies to a minor title in 1978 and they played well. The tough, uncompromising halfback Tommy Raudonikis led the side on the field, while many acclaimed players blossomed under his guidance. <mask> was a master of psychology and used to call the Western Suburbs the "fibros", a type of sheeting commonly used in houses in the area, in contrast to the "silvertails" of the period the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. The socio-economics of the suburbs and the financial situation of the clubs were reflected in this. He came up with the term after <mask> spread a rumour that the Sea Eagles had stayed at a two-star hotel while Wests had stayed at a luxury resort. I've been a battler my whole life. I can talk to a team like Wests.I form a close personal relationship with each of my players because I'm one of their kind. He talked about his time at the club. <mask> left Western Suburbs because the leagues club at Ashfield wouldn't be able to support his players' incomes. St. George Dragons lost to Canterbury-Bankstown in the 1985 Grand Final. <mask> is considered to be one of the best coaches to have never won a title because he was able to help financially struggling clubs perform above their ability. He won the Dally M coach of the year in 1985. The Western Suburbs Magpies team of the century was coached by <mask>.Journalism <mask> is a columnist for The Sydney Morning Herald and also appears on the ABC-TV sports panel show. When the Seven network had free to air TV rights for Australian Tests from 1990 to 1993, he was a Rugby League Commentator. When Super League emerged in 1995 <mask> did not support it. A rarity for a member of the media, he is highly regarded by current players and respected for his analytical skill. <mask> criticized American jingoism at the opening ceremony of the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympic Games. He is a big fan of John O'Neill, the former Football Federation Australia CEO who led the Australian Rugby Union to the 2006 World Cup. In spite of the Socceroos' success at the World Cup, <mask> criticized FFA chairman Frank Lowy in a series of articles.He wondered if Lowy would repay the Australian Sports Commission loan to help develop a national league. In a letter to the Sydney Morning Herald, Lowy questioned <mask>' journalistic credibility, saying that <mask> was a "Rugby League commentator". James "Judy" <mask> was a former captain of the Australian national team. The Tom Brock lecture was given by <mask> in 2005. He was in the rugby league drama film The Final Winter. He was made a Member of the Order of Australia for his services to sport and journalism. <mask> released a book in 2010 called Higher, Richer, Sleazier: How Drugs and Money Are Changing Sport.He received the Australian Sports Commission Media Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2011. <mask> at leaguehq.com.au was born in 1941.

masks:
Roy Masters
Roy
Chris Masters
Ian Masters
Quentin Masters
Sue Masters
Deb Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Masters
Roy Masters


texts: <mask> is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers from Barack Obama. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society. <mask> was born in Washington, DC and moved to Nigeria at an early age. He was raised in Ikeja by his parents. His mother worked at the Ministry of Education and his father was the financial controller of Guardian News. He was interested in science and engineering after attending Federal Government College.He went back to America in 1994 to study electrical engineering and applied physics at Case Western Reserve University. The design of near-field microwave tips was pioneered by him during his master's degree. He worked on the electronic properties of carbon-based materials while he was a graduate student. During his PhD, he was selected for a fellowship. He was a DARE Fellow in 2008. He finished his PhD in 2009. He joined the University of Texas at Austin in 2010 as an assistant professor and was awarded research grants from several agencies, including the National Science Foundation, the Army Research Office, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and the Office of Naval Research.Akinwande collaborated with Aixtron to grow polycrystalline graphene using chemical vapour deposition, creating the first 300mm wafers. The first textbook on carbon nanotubes and graphene device physics was published in 2011. He was made a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He has made improvements in two-dimensional electronics. He demonstrated the first two-dimensional transistor. Akinwande and the group at CNR, Italy, achieved this by using scanning tunnelling microscopy to monitor the growth of a crystal of silver. Discover magazine named this research breakthrough one of the top science stories of 2015.The most cited Nature Nanotechnology publication is the silicene work. He was a finalist for several years for the highest teaching award in Texas. The most transparent electronic tattoo sensors made from Graphene were less than 500 nm thick and 85% transparent. The research was done with the help of the group. The tattoos could be used to measure temperature and hydration. The first atomristor was demonstrated by investigating nonvolatile resistance using a 2D atomic sheet of Molybdenum disulfide. Zero-static power radio-frequency switches, internet of things, and artificial intelligence circuits are some of the applications of the devices.It is expected that memory can be found in 2D materials. He is an editor for Nature journal npj 2D Materials and Applications, an associate editor of the Board of Reviewing Editors for Science, and a past editor of the IEEE Electron Devices Letters. He gave a talk about the progress, opportunities and challenges of 2D electronic devices at the annual meeting of the SPIE. The American Physical Society made him an American Physical Society Fellow. He will visit the university in 2019. Two of his former scholars are now professors.

masks:
Deji Akinwande
Akinwande


texts: <mask> was born on January 6, 1940. She was the first woman to serve as Lieutenant Governor of the U.S. State of Nevada. She was a member of the Republican Party until she left due to the party's shift towards the Tea Party movement. <mask> was born in Portland, Maine. She grew up in Tucson, Arizona, where her father was active in the Maine Republican Party. She received a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Arizona in 1962, and a master's degree in history from the University of Chicago in 1963. She worked as a reporter for the Tucson Daily Citizen from 1964 to 1965, after working as the assistant dean of women at Ohio State University.She and her husband and their two children moved to Reno, Nevada in 1969 after she worked at Catalina High School. Her husband was an atmospheric physicist and she became involved in local politics after working for the Desert Research Institute. She was on the Mayor's Citizen Advisory Board from 1973 to 1974 and chaired Reno's Blue Ribbon Task Force on Housing. She was named one of the ten "Outstanding Young Women in America" in 1974 and served in the Nevada Assembly from 1975 to 1980. The same year she was elected to the Nevada Senate, her husband and three other Desert Research Institute scientists were killed in a plane crash. The Judiciary Committee is the committee through which all gambling-related bills are passed. She supported women's rights, helped create a fee on marriage licenses that funded women's shelters, increased funding for public and higher education, supported environmental protections and protections for at-risk children, and pushed for increased governmental accountability.She was the driving force behind the creation of the Nevada Commission on Ethics and worked to pass a referendum in 1990 that prohibits the state from amending abortion laws without first winning approval in a referendum. She was named one of ten "Outstanding National Republican Legislators" in 1989 for introducing and passing more legislation than any other person in Nevada's history. In 1990 he ran for Lieutenant Governor of Nevada. In the Republican primary, she received more votes than pro-life activist Charles Frederick "Andy" Anderson. The "None of These Candidates" option got 6,887 votes. In the general election, the wife of University of Nevada, Las Vegas Athletic director Bill Ireland was defeated by her husband's opponent. "None of These Candidates" received 20,343 votes.She was the first woman to be elected to the position and the first woman to serve as lieutenant governor. The first woman to hold that distinction was Maude Frazier, who was appointed lieutenant governor in 1962 to fill the remaining 6 months of the late Rex Bell's term. Bob Miller, the incumbent Democratic governor, was easily re-elected in 1990 as the ticket was bipartisan. The National Women's Political Caucus named him as a potential Vice Presidential candidate in 1988 after he was urged by Republican leaders to run for Congress or governor. Governor Miller was eligible to run for a second and final term in 1994 and was considered to be the favorite to run in 1998. There was a plane crash just outside of the city of Fallon on September 3, 1990. She and Bob Seale, a Republican candidate for state treasurer, were on their way to Carson City from a Labor Day parade when their plane crashed.Seale was flying the plane that lost power in the right engine and he was trying to return to the airport. Seale's wife Judy was killed. Two people who were in the plane, including a future lieutenant governor of Nevada, were not seriously injured. The crash ended his political career. She had to be placed in a body cast after breaking her neck and back. She won the primary and general elections, but was still paralyzed when she was sworn in. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217She did not run for re-election in 1994, but she was able to effectively serve as lieutenant governor. She was named to the Nevada Women's Fund's Hall of Fame, and received a lifetime achievement award from The Capital Women's Political Caucus. She became an associate director of the University of Nevada's Great Basin Policy Research Center after receiving the Women Executives in State Government's "breaking the Glass Ceiling" Award. She taught political science at the University of Nevada, Reno and oversaw the Nevada Legislature's intern program. In 1997 he was appointed to the board of Wells Fargo bank and in April he was named to the Nevada Gaming Commission. She was given a special chair and needed to take breaks during some of the meetings. She saw her role as different from how she had worked as a legislator.Being a regulator isn't consensus-building. You could compromise by placing a condition on a license. She was often in agreement with the committee's only female member, Deborah Griffin, and they were often the ones to dissent in decisions to give applicants licenses. She was appointed to a statewide committee that considered the problem of gambling in 1998. The Professional Achievement Award was given to Retirement <mask> by the University of Arizona Alumni Association. In 2010, she publicly opposed Sharron Angle, the Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate. She was a member of the Nevada State Senate Hall of Fame.She left the Republican Party because she didn't like what they stood for. I can't believe it's grown so conservative and tea-party oriented. I left the Republican Party at the same time. She is supported financially by a settlement from the plane crash. There are External links to the list of female lieutenant governors in the United States. The University of Nevada, Reno has special collections. 1940 births Living people Lieutenant Governors of Nevada Members of the Nevada Assembly Nevada Republicans Nevada state senators from Portland, Maine Politicians from Reno, Nevada Politicians from Tucson, Arizona Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents University of Arizona alumni Women in Nevada politics

masks:
Sue Ellen Wagner
Sue Ellen Pooler
Wagner


texts: Tabello was a footballer who played as a full-back. In the early 1950s, <mask> began his senior club career at Nejmeh, helping the team gain promotion to the league. Racing Beirut won the league in the 1964–65 season and he played for them. He was the top scorer in the 1968–69 season in Nejmeh. In the 1960s, <mask> played for Lebanon in the Arab Cup. <mask> was known for his agility and his ability to control the ball in unconventional ways. He was an offensive full-back who could play both flanks.<mask> was tall and could reach high balls. He was known for playing practical jokes on trips abroad with his teams. On 6 September 1929, <mask> <mask> was born in Lebanon. He fished with his father in the winter and went swimming in the summer. His father sent him to Sheikh <mask> to learn how to read and write. <mask> ran away from school to play football in the Nejmeh Stadium. <mask> was expelled from school many times.An Englishman called Chance would watch <mask> and his teammates train. Itani accepted Chance's offer to train in private with him. Itani trained at least four hours a day. Itani said that his training sessions with Chance helped him become a footballer. Itani began his senior club career in the early 1950s with Nejmeh. He helped Nejmeh get promoted to the Lebanon's premier league for the first time after winning the second division. In his first game in the league, Itani scored a penalty kick in a 3–0 win against Racing Beirut.In 1959 <mask> was hired by the Regie Company after Racing Beirut purchased him and paid him a lot of money. He was on the team that won the league. In the 1960s, <mask> moved to a different location. He scored 15 goals in the 1968–69 season. In the early 1950s, <mask> attracted the attention of the Lebanon national team coach and was called up. On 17 May 1961, he played for Lebanon against Brazil. He scored an own goal for Tunisia in a 1–0 loss to Kuwait in the opening game of the 1963 Arab Cup, which was held in Lebanon.A 1–0 win against Libya was <mask>'s most memorable game. He scored the game's only goal on a penalty kick. He deceived the goalkeeper by looking at the referee as if he was talking to him, and the goalkeeper only noticed that the goal was scored when the crowd started cheering. <mask> played both as a left-back and a right-back. He was a penalty-kick specialist who was noted for his techniques. He stopped the ball with his feet or lower back. Itani was able to reach higher balls because of his high elevation.<mask> used fast offensive breaks, even though he played a more defensive role. Once he had dribbled his opponent, he would go back to dribble him again. He was known for his shooting skills. After retiring from football, <mask> was a long-distance swimmer who was considered to be the only swimmer in Lebanon to participate in every national race. He was the oldest of the 112 participants in the 2008 Christmas race. Tabello was known for his humility and eagerness to help. He was known for his prank on trips abroad with his football teams.During the Pan Arab Games in 1961, the national team manager promised to give each player US$3 for every day they spent in the tournament. The players didn't receive their tournament bonus, so <mask> and his teammates came up with a plan. <mask> stripped naked in front of a balcony at the University of Casablanca, where the national team was staying during the tournament. The hotel manager would hear complaints about <mask>'s nakedness from people who overlooked the balcony. <mask> was given money by the manager after he asked him to wear his clothes. Itani traveled with the Lebanon national team to Tunisia to play a game against the Tunisia national team. One of the players on the team wore a skirt and was well-received by the locals.The players from Lebanon were annoyed by the player and asked <mask> to leave. <mask> put his hand under the musician's skirt as he danced next to him. The players were overwhelmed with laughter as the player continued to play while jumping up and down. As part of his transfer to Racing Lebanon, <mask> was hired by the Regie Company. In 1970, <mask> opened a fish shop in the Commodore area of Hamra, and in the 1990s he opened a fish shop in the Karakas neighborhood. Mahmoud Berjawi and Mardek Chabarian were <mask>'s favourite players. Ion Bogdan was his favourite coach.On August 5, 2015, <mask> died at the age of 85. Racing Lebanon Second Division: 1950–51, Lebanon Premier League: 1964–65, Lebanon Arab Cup third place: 1963.

masks:
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Muhieddine
Itani
Mohammed Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani
Itani


texts: Sieur <mask> was a minion of the royal court and was a French heraldist. His name is sometimes referred to as Volson. He published many successful books on symbols, prophecies, heraldry, and dreams. The knowledge and traditions associated with chivalry were put together by him. The decline of chivalry was rediscovered in the 17th century by two genealogists in the French court. According to some authors, the inventor of the hatching system of tinctures was <mask>. There is only a small amount of data about his life.The 19th century big biographies have incomplete information about him. He was born in a Protestant family at the end of the 16th century. His father was Franois <mask> <mask>. He fought for Henry IV. He went to Paris in 1618 after killing his wife and lover. He was a member of the parliament in Paris and a member of the Order of Saint Michael. He was a royal counselor in the parliament and stayed in Grenoble until 1635.He published a book in the spirit of the Gallicanism. Several of the Protestant priests and students at the University were his kinsmen. Gallicanism allowed him to express his views in a way that was appreciated by the state establishment. The king liked <mask> <mask> Colombire's ideas so he left Grenoble and settled down in Paris, where he studied heraldry. His next book was published in Paris in 1638. He had a lot of correspondence with the most renowned heraldists of his time. It is possible that <mask> <mask> Colombire was right in claiming the title of the inventor of the hatching system and accusing Petra Sancta of copying his method one year before the same.On page 37 of his title La Science Heroque, <mask> <mask> Colombire states that Petra Sancta copied his system. In the past, <mask> <mask> Colombire showed Petra Sancta his hatching system. The citation states that the book publishers and copperplate engravers are the users of the hatching system, and that by using this method on the illustrations, engravers can always designate the copperplates in the same coherent manner. He mentions in his book that hatching is a new method used by copperplate engravings. The book was written by Melchior Tavernier and engraved by Abraham Bosse. He may have been the author of the engravings inside the book. Under the armorial genealogy table of Denys <mask>ing, we can see that <mask> <mask> Colombire contributed to the drawing and engraving of illustrations as well.In his 1639 title, Vulson de <mask>ombire did not mention Petra Sancta. He probably didn't know anything about the same hatching method published by Petra Sancta in 1638 because the publication of his book was already in progress. He published another hatching table in 1644. The hatching system in heraldry was invented by <mask> <mask> Colombire and not by Petra Sancta according to Ottfried Neubecker. Works De la Puissance du Pape. Par <mask> <mask>, conseiller du roi en la cour de parlement de Dauphiné. Iean <mask>nes & Iaques de <mask> Pierre, 1635 Recueil de plusieurs pices et figures d'armoiries obmises.M. Tavernier was born in Paris in 1639. In-4, pices, limin., 14 p., armoiries, 75 pl. Frontisp, d'armoiries, la plupart coloriées. gr. par Abraham Bosse. La Science heroique is a traitant de la noblesse, de l'origine des armes de leurs blasons. Le vrai Thétre d'honneur et de la noblesse was located in Paris.2 volumes. It's in-fol. Les premires regles du blazon et des principales pieces are used for the construction of armoiries. Ir <mask> Colombiere. M. Van Lochom was in Paris in 1645 and he had a decision to make about the questions plus douteuses. Donné is in the public. De l'Office des rois d'armes, des hérauts et des poursuivants, is located in Paris.L'armes de tous le rois et princes souverAINs de la chrétienté et de la plupart des provinces qui relvent d'eux. Sr de La Colombiere is the name of the man. P. Lamy, 1645 Les Oracles divertissans, had a decision to make. Par M. W. D. L. C. Paris: A. Courbé. Seconde esdition. Agence d'un Traité de la physiognomie by Corrigé. The court of curiositie has the most intricate questions resolved and nocturnal dreams and visions explained according to the doctrine of the antients.J.C. printed for William Crooke. The second edition. Year of birth unknown 1658 deaths French courtiers French poets French historians French heraldists 17th-century French people 17th-century French male writers

masks:
de la Colombire
Vulson de la de la Colombire
Odde
de Bonniot
Vulson
de la
Vulson
de la
Vulson
de la
Vulson
de la
de Salva
Vulson
de la
la Col
Vulson
de la
Marc de
Vulson
de Tour
la
de La


texts: <mask> was born in 2000 and is a Swedish professional footballer who plays for club Spurs and the Sweden national team. Kulusevski joined Parma on a loan at the beginning of the season after making his senior debut for Atalanta. He joined the Bianconeri for 35 million in the winter transfer window, but was sent back to Parma for the rest of the season. <mask> was sent to England to play for Spurs. <mask> was born in Sweden to Macedonian parents, but chose to play for his birth country at senior level, making his debut in 2019. <mask> joined the youth academy at the age of six. He joined the Atalanta youth system on July 7, 2016 and made a senior appearance for the club.He was a substitute for Marten de Roon in a 5–0 away win against Frosinone. He made three appearances for the club as a substitute. <mask> joined Parma on a loan until June 2020. He scored his first goal in Italy in a win against Torino. After scoring four goals and providing seven assists in 17 league appearances for Parma in the first part of the season, he was sent back to Parma. <mask> was sent back to Parma for the rest of the season. He finished the season with 10 goals and nine assists, and was the best young player in Italy.<mask> scored on his debut for the Bianconeri in a 3–0 league win at home against Sampdoria. He scored the opening goal and set up the winning goal in the cup final against Atalanta. <mask> scored the winning goal in the game against Zenit Saint Petersburg in the 86th minute of the game. <mask> made 20 appearances and scored two goals. The loan deal was worth 10 million, and included an option for purchase, which would become an obligation under certain conditions for an additional fee of 35 million. He made his first appearance for Spurs in the FA Cup on February 5th, coming on as a substitute in a 3–1 win. <mask> scored his first goal for Spurs in the fourth minute of the game against Manchester City.Born in Sweden to Macedonian parents, <mask> played for all Swedish youth national teams, as well as the Macedonia under-16 national team. He was called up to the Sweden national team for the first time in November of 2019. For the senior national team, <mask> said it was an easy choice since he always wanted to represent Sweden. <mask> made his senior international debut for Sweden in a 3–0 win against the Faroe Islands in the last game of the Euro 2020 qualification stage. He made his first start for Sweden on September 8, 2020, playing for 90 minutes before being replaced by Albin Ekdal in a 0–2 loss to Portugal. <mask> scored his first international goal against Croatia in the Nations League. <mask> was ruled out of Sweden's opening Euro 2020 match against Spain due to a positive test for COVID-19.A tall, strong, and versatile player, Kulusevski is capable of playing in a number of attacking and defensive roles, and has been deployed as a box-to-box midfielder, as a winger on either flank, or even as an offensive-minded player. He has been used as a makeshift centre-forward. His ability to switch the play or provide assists and through balls to teammates is due to his vision and passing ability. He has good technique, dribbling skills, and striking ability, which allow him to score goals and create chances for teammates. His manager at Parma, Roberto D'Aversa, has compared Kulusevski to another player. He said that the player with the right mentality is always among the players who cover the most distance. Zlatan Ibrahimovi was named as an influence by Kulusevski.He told Sportbladet that he likes to have the ball at his feet. I have gotten better at moving the ball quickly since I was a kid. I have developed my defensive game, that was a weakness before, and that has made me a more complete player. He admires and seeks to emulate Kevin De Bruyne and Eden Hazard, two Belgian football players. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Kulusevski goal. References External links Living people 2000 births Sports people from Swedish and Macedonian descent Parma Calcio was founded in 1913.The players are from Spurs. Macedonian expatriates in Italy and England play football, while Swedish expatriates in Italy and England play soccer.

masks:
Dejan Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski
Kulusevski


texts: <mask> was an American historian and journalist who won the 1939 Pulitzer Prize for History for Volumes II and III of his series, A History of American Magazines. He was born in Rose Hill, Iowa. His parents were the publishers of What Cheer, Iowa Patriot. There was a print shop in Keokuk County. He practiced with theQuaker. His father began publishing the Audubon, Iowa Republican when he was 10. After completing his bachelor's degree at the University of Chicago, he did the first three years of his college education at Simpson College.He earned his M.A. at Columbia University in 1917. In 1919. The two may have met when Carl Van Doren was teaching at Columbia. While a professor at the University of Iowa, he earned his PhD. Professor of English at the University of Iowa in 1921, he rose to associate professor and director of the school of journalism in 1925. He was appointed Dean of the University of Missouri's School of Journalism in 1942. The term photojournalism may have been invented by <mask>.The first photojournalism class was taught at the University of Iowa when he was there, and the first photojournalism program was started at the University of Missouri when he was there. American Journalism: A History of Newspapers in the United States through 250 years 1690 to 1940 (1941 and later revised editions covering through 1960) was the standard resource in courses on the history of journalism. His father had a collection of magazines in the house. The PhD work on A History of American Magazines began at Columbia in the late 1920s. It was projected to be six volumes. His progress was derailed by other projects. The history was contained in four volumes of American Magazines.The work on Volume V: 1905–1930 was started by <mask>. Volume V doesn't extend the history past 1905, but it does include 21 sketches of individual magazines, intended as supplementary material to the 1905-1930 history. It has an index for all five volumes. The history from 1931 to today would have been covered in Volume VI. In 1939 the Pulitzer Prize for History was won by Volumes II and III of A History of American Magazines. In 1937–1939, he served as president of the organization. He died in Columbia, Missouri.Writings on <mask> was published in 1936 as part of the American Writers Series. On April 1, 1937, Carl Van Doren wrote to Mr. A volume of selections is not a quintessence of scholarship. Yours does. I am under obligation to you because I am doing a large-scale biography of <mask>, a narrative which will be as dramatic, I hope, as he deserves, and yet will truly embody the recent wealth of monographic matters which his earlier biographers have not had to help them. Many of my notes are written in the margins of my copy, as your volume is my constant handbook. The work in progress became Benjamin Franklin, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1939.Time Enough, a collection of autobiographical essays, was published in 1962. The State Historical Society of Missouri has the galley proofs for this work. Interpretations of Journalism: A Book of Readings was published in 1937. The link from the American Council of Learned Humanities Societies E-book is for A History of American Magazines. There are trends in newspaper content. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science was published in 1942. "Facetious News Writing, 1833-1883."The Mississippi Valley Historical Review was published in 1942. "The Newspaper Coverage of Lexington and Concord" is in Jefferson and the Press. The New England Quarterly was published in 1944. "Newspapers in presidential campaigns." Public Opinion Quarterly 8.3 was published in 1944. Golden Multitudes is the story of the best sellers in the United States. The news was published in America Harvard Univ Press.The History of American Magazines was published in 1885-1905. 4. The Harvard University Press was published in 1957. John DePol worked at the Old Printing Office. American Journalism, a History, was published in 1962. <mask> and Vera I are references to the Frank <mask>tt Collection of American Best Sellers. Papers of <mask> <mask> were found at the University of Iowa and at the State Historical Society of Missouri.<mask> <mask> was a human being. Carbondale, Ill., Hornstone Press, 1968. Marshall and Lawrence. <mask> <mask> is a journalism teacher. The thesis was written by the University of Missouri. They were joined by Richard D. Zakia. The Encyclopedia of Photography.Boston: Focal Press in 1993. There are links to births and deaths of 20th-century American historians and 20th-century American male writers.

masks:
Frank Luther Mott
Mott
Mott
Benjamin Franklin
Franklin
Frank Luther
Luther Mo
Frank Luther
Mott
Frank Luther
Mott
Frank Luther
Mott


texts: <mask> was a Swedish-speaking plant physiologist and university administrator. He traveled abroad to learn new scientific methods from other European scientists. His most notable research was in plant physiology, which he dealt with in his earliest publications. He published seminal work on the flow of water through the stems of plants, and investigated the phenomenon of geotropic plant organs. His later experiments and views on lichens, which he considered his most important work, were not well received. Elfving was a professor at the University of Helsinki until his retirement in 1926. Elfving, a lively and enthusiastic teacher, changed the teaching of botany at the university by introducing laboratory courses that emphasized the study of plant physiology.Elfving wrote many historical papers during his time as a professor. The books Trkeimmt viljelyskasvit and the Kasvitieteen oppikirja were used as textbooks. Elfving has had several taxa named after him. Elfving was born on December 9, 1854 in Ekens, Southern Finland, to parents. His father, who was the son of a blacksmith, rose high in the order of estates and became a professor. His mother, Wendla <mask>, was a member of the Loviisa bourgeois family. He was the youngest of nine children.His sister was an author of popular historical novels. As a child, Elfving was interested in natural history and became familiar with the local flora. He was given a microscope by his parents on his 15th birthday. Elfving graduated from high school in 1870. He wanted to go to medical school, but had to get a Candidate of Philosophy degree first. Sextus Otto Lindberg, Elfving's instructor, helped and encouraged him with his botanical studies. Elfving stayed in Sweden for six weeks in the autumn of 1873 to study for his degree.Elfving obtained his degree at the age of 20. He was able to enroll in medical school, but he continued with his botanical activities. He went to Russian Karelia in 1875 to look at the plant life around the river Svir. After a couple of years in medical school, Elfving gave up on becoming a doctor. After moving to Germany, Elfving obtained a Master's degree in philosophy and began training in botany. "Notes on the vegetation around the river Svir" is the title of Elfving's first scientific publication. It was the first complete compendium of the flora of this region, and was based on a work by Norrlin.He completed his studies in Germany in the late 19th century. In 1879, at the age of 24, he defended his doctorate, which was based on the experiments he performed with Sachs. It was called Studier pver geotropiska vxtdelar. On February 3, 1880, Elfving became a Doctor of Philosophy. He was appointed a docent in the late 19th century. In addition, Elfving published a book in which he enumerated 258 species of the Desmidiales, nine of them new to science. The study of phycology was started by this work.Elfving went to France to study under the supervision of de Bary. In the winter of 1884, he was involved in the preparation of a new pharmacopoeia for the Finns. Elfving wanted to learn about new methods for culturingbacteria and other micro-organisms, so he went toDenmark in 1886 to learn from Emil Christian Hansen and Carl Julius Salomonsen. From December 1886 to March 1887, he studied in Paris with mile Duclaux and Gaston Bonnier. In 1884, Elfving attended an academic conference in Berlin. Sextus Otto Lindberg proposed that Elfving should be an associate professor because of his outstanding record as a teacher. The proposal was objected to by the newly appointed professor of zoology, who suggested that the comparative merits of Elfving and the other docent, Edvard August Vainio, be compared for fairness.The proposal was upheld by a majority in the Department of Natural Sciences, but the initiative went nowhere. The position of Professor of Botany was opened after the death of Lindberg. Elfving was appointed to the position after a competition with the other docents. Elfving was the permanent secretary of the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters from 1923 to 1923. The Dean of the Department of Physics and Mathematics was <mask>. Elfving retired at the age of 71. The acceptance of Darwinism was helped by Elfving.A year after Charles Darwin's death, the idea of placing a statue of him in the British Museum of Natural History spread throughout Europe. A petition to that effect was signed by five prominent biologists, one of which was Elfving. Some of the students and faculty from upper class-backgrounds were prejudiced against people from the lower social classes in the late 19th century. There was a debate on whether there were too many students or if they were inflationary. In 1885, Elfving wrote, "We know all too well those young men with questionable talent and even more questionable tidiness, who are from uncultivated homes sent to study at university." They talk about the cause of the people in various parts of the country after they finish their studies. Elfving's concern about lower-class 'apostles of civilization' was not groundless, since about half of the teachers that had been Vyborg Nation students.In his experience, the worst students were from upper-class families. To get into university, lower-class students had to show that they were both talented and studious. Elfving started an inquiry into the distribution of plants. An important summary of the cultivated and decorative plants in late nineteenth-century Finland was included in the work he assembled from the 373 responses he received. The Atlas de Finlande was written in the 19th century by Elfving and Arvi Grotenfelt. The language issue in Finns stirred up debate in the early 20th century. The Swedish language was associated with descendants of Swedish colonisation, which led to class tensions among the speakers of the different languages.Swedish was the main language of the upper class. <mask>, a Swedish speaker, supported the use of Finn in the classroom. His position of Chair of Botany led to the establishment of a new professorship. Kaarlo Linkola was appointed to this position. The duties of the head of the department were taken over by the holder of the new chair. Elfving's old position was filled by Alvar Palmgren, who was elected as the new Swedish-speaking professor of botany. Elfving studied why plants take up a horizontal position in the soil.The force of gravity caused the tips to turn in such a way as to bring the longitudinal axis back into a horizontal position. In addition to having positive and negative organs, the plant also has organs that orient themselves at right angles to the direction of the pull. Elfving was the first to prove the idea was true. Frank believed that the organs had an upper side that faced upwards, but Elfving showed that this was not the case. Elfving published the results of an investigation in de Bary's laboratory into the flow of water. It was thought that the water did not flow through the lumina of the vessels, but in their walls. The idea that melted cocoa butter could be sucked into the stem of a freshly cut Taxus was disproved by Elfving in an experiment.The fat had filled the lumina of the vessels, but it had not penetrated into their walls. The stem's ability to conduct water was almost completely eliminated, showing that water did indeed flow through the lumina. His views on lichens, which he considered his most important work, was far less appreciated than his views on plant physiology, which have stood the test of time. The generally accepted view on the dual nature of lichens was proposed by Simon Schwendener in 1867. Both fungi and algae are included in the lichens. Both mycobiont and photobiont are related. His doubts about the theory grew as time went on.He wondered if it was possible that the chance meeting of fungus and alga was the cause of the lichens. He thought that if he could show that there was a genetic connection between the two components, it would destroy the theory. Elfving published his research in 1913. In this work, he claimed that he had established by observation that the gonids originated in the hyphae, and therefore that the theory should be abandoned. If Elfving's view were to be accepted, it would overturn the entire taxonomy of cryptogams because the "gonids" in the lichen thallus are actually green and blue-green algal cells. He was certain that he would be proven correct despite the revolutionary implications of his hypothesis. It has been suggested that his method of using material that had been cut and dyed gave a false impression of a continuous process of development, leading to incorrect interpretations of his observations.His work was either ignored or criticized. He published a continuation of his research 18 years later. His previous work was met with a similar reception. Although Elfving's conclusions about the nature of lichens were incorrect, his student Runar Collander has suggested that his research did have at least one useful outcome. In some lichen species, dispersal and reconstitution of the thallus is common, while in other species, new lichens are created by means of specialized thallus propagules. Elfving was a mentor to a number of students who undertook research in plant physiology. Walter Laurén, who studied the influence of ether vapour on germinating plants, is one of the recipients of a PhD.Alexander Luther, who proposed the existence of the Heterokontae, is one of Elfving's students who specialized in phycology. Elfving had four children, two girls and two boys, with whom he was married. His son was a well-known mathematician. According to his former student,elfving stood in a class by himself, combining a strict sense of duty with an exceptional charm. His witty, lapidary remarks were widely quoted. He would often write about cultural subjects on the pages of the journal. He was one of the publishers of this journal from October 1884 to December 1885.He wrote for the newspaper from 1861 to 1889. The "curious duality" of Elfving's nature was written by Collander. One of the first researchers in the Nordic countries was Legacy Elfving. In the late 19th century, Elfving published a number of plant studies, which helped to raise the profile of plant physiology as a science. Elfving studied the native plants as well as the crops. He published about 50 original studies during his career. The first of Elfving's biographical articles dealt with Linnaeus.He wrote about the history of science in the university. The accounts of the two oldest scientific societies in the country were made by him. Elfving's "skill in the production of vivid and sharply-etched portraits of personalities" was noted. The methods for teaching university botany were developed by Elfving. The year before his appointment as docent, he introduced microscope training. The course was made compulsory a decade later. The first laboratory course was followed by a microscope course, class work in experimental plant physiology, and courses in organography and seed plant taxonomy.More specialized courses were arranged for students who were interested in botany. Microalgae and the growth ofbacteria were topics. His lecturing skills were praised. Elfving had developed a reputation for being a very colorful and strong personality. In the early 20th century, the medical faculty was upset by the fact that Elfving was affecting the studies of medical students, even though botany was not particularly relevant to medicine. His son Gustav, who had his own academic career at the University of Helsinki, would later recall meeting people who, upon hearing his last name, "immediately recalled the feared oral examination given by his father some decades ago, which they had flunked several times!" The books Elfving published would help him teach his courses more efficiently.The fourth edition of Kasvitieteen oppikirja was published in 1930. It was published in 1895. He published Vxtanatomiska fningar and Frare genom Vxthusen i Helsingfors Botaniska Trdgrd. The texts were well received and described as similar to the teaching style of Elfving. The University's Botanical Museum, which was built in 1903 in Kaisaniemi, and now houses the Department of Botany, was built according to Elfving's plans. Elfving lived with his family at the Professor's residence when he worked for the Institute of Botanics. The greenhouses at the Botanical Garden became a landmark attraction because he worked hard to acquire many species of shrubs and trees.The polypore genera Elfvingia and Aspicilia elfvingii have been named after Elfving. elfvingii, Cosmarium elfvingii, and Dipis elfvingiana are flowering plants. References include 1854 births, 1942 deaths, and 19th-century and 20th-century scientists.

masks: Elfving Elfving Elfving Elfving


texts: The original method of controlling an airplane in flight was conceived by a Scottish aviation pioneer. He used a secondary wing mounted above the main wing on an A-frame that could pivot about its longitudinal axis to control the rocking wing method. The first one was built in 1909, the second in July 1910 and the third in 1913. On 16 March 1915, he received his Royal Aero Club certificate. A commission with the Royal Naval Air Service was sought by 1,117 with the London and Provincial School at the London Aerodrome. He was killed in a plane crash in Dunlye Field, a few miles from the Cross-in-Hand Hotel, on June 30, 1915. He is buried in the Western Cemetery.There were false claims of powered flight before the Wright brothers. James was the one who brought it to the attention of the public in an article published in the Manchester Guardian newspaper in December of 1953. An article was published in The Scots magazine in October of 1953. It is dismissed due to incorrect information. Since then, his name has been associated with this false claim and his actual work in promoting aviation is often overlooked. This claim has been proven to be false many times, but it reappears in Scottish newspaper articles and most recently in a book published in 2014 with the support of the Dundee Museum of Transport. He was the son of Mr <mask> of Balgowan and his wife Jane.His father was a partner in a wholesale food distributor. He showed a lot of interest in mechanical things when he was a student at the High School of Dundee. According to the Sunday, 27 October 1984 edition of The Courier and Advertiser newspaper, it was whilst studying engineering at University College, Dundee that his interest in aeronautics flourished, but there was little to read on the emerging science. He would have to do his own research if he wanted to start a career in aviation. In the December 1955 issue of Aeronautics magazine, Mr. James Manson, who worked as a labourer with Mr. <mask>'s father's food produce business, said that the two built small model airplanes and dropped them. The object being to raise and propel a machine through the air without aerostats was the subject of a patent that was granted in 1907. Patent No.23,553 of 1907, titled "<mask>'s Flying Machines" contains eight pages of descriptions of an indigenous rotary-wing means of creating lift and five illustrations to which the description pages are key.There are different configurations of aircraft using the same rotary aerofoil devices. There is no evidence to suggest that the bizarre creations in the patent were built by the man. By that time, the ideas on what constituted successful flight and how lift was achieved had changed dramatically from his patent. The pamphlet Power Necessary in Flight was published in July of 1908. The first volume of a complete work on aerial flight published in 1907 was influenced by a paper titled "Aerodynamics" by Frederick William Lanchester. The introduction states that he had read Lanchester's work, but that he arrived at his theories on his own. He spent the rest of his life researching his rocking wing concept, which was his next patent.The complete specification was accepted by the Patent Office on December 16, 1909, a day after it was applied for on January 1, 1909. There are three pages of descriptions and a single page with an illustration of the rocking wing concept. The illustration supplied with the patent and surviving photographs show that he intended to build an aircraft based on his patent. Although clearly a typographical error with regards to the location of "the secluded little village of Forgendenny, Perthshire, nearPreston", the statement on page 400 of the 2 November 1909 issue of The Aero magazine is still true. Despite being somewhat neglected by aviation historians, the Rocking Wings experiments are still contemporary with those of better known British pioneers. Since his main focus was developing an alternative means of controlling an airplane in flight, his "rocking wing" method of lateral control, his experiments are at least as historic as those of his time. Two of the rocking wings built by <mask> were able to become airborne under their own power.It is likely that the first published description of the rocking wing theory of lateral control was in the second patent, "Improvements in Flying Machines" dated 1 January 1909. The lever is fixed so far that it can tilt the plane to one side or the other. When the rocking wing is tilted out of the horizontal, by moving the lever to one side, the normal pressure of the rocking wing is inclined out of the vertical. The rocking wing becomes tilted about the line of flight and out of the horizontal as a result of the rotation of the aircraft. The horizontal component of the aircraft is pulled to one side of the line of flight by the normal pressure of the main plane. The front edge of the rudder was caused by the vertically mounted lever being moved fore and fore. The Wrights used to refer to their horizontal stabilisers as horizontal rudders.The rocking wing andtailplane can be moved so as to cause the machine to move up and down at the same time, because of the dual actuation of the control lever. In aeroplanes, the use of a rocking plane situated on a higher level than the main plane, for preserving lateral stability and for steering right and left and controlled by a lever which also operates the horizontal rudder is one of the two points in the conclusion to the patent. The combination of a fixed main plane with an upper rocking plane is used in airplanes. The reality behind the system of control was that wing warping and ailerons were not more efficient than they were before. The rocking wing was found to have a significant disadvantage when analysed by aerodynamic experts at the Royal Aeronautical Society in the late 1950s. To execute a banked turn from flying straight and level, the rocking wing worked moderately effectively, but when the plane's equilibrium had been compromised, it had a tendency to yaw the aircraft in that direction. Since the pilot had no means to correct a yawing motion, the rocking wing did not fully assist in the correction of instability.It is possible that the rocking wing idea could only be applied to light and small aircraft. It is possible that if he had survived, he would have thought up an ingenious solution to the problem. The simplicity of operation of the rocking wing method, by a single control lever for pitch and roll, was the biggest advantage of his system over others. Although it had no precedent in aviation's early years, the rocking wing's influence and impact on history have been negligible. Only two of the three powered aeroplanes were able to become airborne under their own power. There is not much evidence to support the claim that he built and flew an unpowered "Wright Type" glider, and there is also no evidence to support the claim that he powered flight before the Wrights. There is no proof that he flew a glider at some point in his life.It is assumed that his first powered machine was completed around mid 1909 since it is almost exactly like the illustration that accompanies the patent. The upper wing of the No.1 was half the size of the lower wing. The pilot sat in one of the sections of the main wings. He didn't have any instruments of any sort. The upper wing was mounted at the top of the "A" frame, with the main wing forming the cross bar of the "A" and long skis being fitted to its base. There is a rumour that the first aircraft's engine came from a celebrated Brazilian. The propeller was mounted between two horizontally opposed banks of cylinders and it was a four- cylinder horizontally opposed engine.The No.1 plane was placed in a shed on the property of Mr James Bell at Rossie, Forgandenney, about 25 miles west of Dundee, despite the fitting of the Dutheil Chalmers engine. A group of local enthusiasts from the Dundee Model Aero Club received the craft a year later. The Dutheil Chalmers motor was removed and converted into a glider in the club house used by the modellers, according to David Urquhart, the founder of the Dundee Model Aero Club. The glider was completed and several flights were made from a rise on the property of Mr George Ballingall. Within five months, the members of the Dundee Model Aero Club were building a glider. It's not known what they did with the earlier one, but there are some in the Dundee area that think it's still in a shed. In his second plane, he achieved powered flight in a design that appeared to vindicate his theories.He missed out on entering the No.2 in the Lanark Airshow due to a broken propeller, his first flights in it were carried out in the first two weeks of August 1910 at Errol, Perthshire. The No.2 was built by the Tay Motor Boat and Engine Company and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 The earliest photographs of the No.2 machine in flight were taken in 1912. The No.2 was made from bamboo and covered in canvas like his first plane but it did not fly. Both aircraft had the same dimensions, wing plan and box kite tail surfaces, but the "A" frame centre section of the No.2 differed slightly from the No.1 in bracing details. The new plane was powered by a 30hp Humber engine. According to a number of accounts, the Dutheil Chalmers engine was flown at Errol by <mask>, his younger brother James and Archie, all of whom went to Paris to get the engine.The No.2 was built in 1910 and the pictures in the 15 May 1914 issue of Flight magazine were taken in 1912. <mask> changed his story after he was given a piece of evidence to the contrary. As with his first plane, it's safe to assume that the No.2's primary concern would have been its powerplant, and that he had to equip it with an engine that was able to get it into the air. The choice of engine was probably driven by cost and availability. The fate of the second plane is unknown, but it is likely to have been scrapped during the Great War. The success of achieving powered flight in one of his own aeroplanes inspired him to build a third machine. Since his theories had been proven in flight, his third plane was designed to supersede his No.2 in capability.Compared to his previous machines, his No.3 was a different beast, although it still incorporated the same layout with a smaller upper wing. It was a more professional approach to the building of the plane than the earlier ones. The proliferation of bracing wires was testimony to this. James Manson claims the tubing was duralumin, but he doesn't know if it was metal or steel. The bracing struts were made from aluminum or wood and covered in fabric, which was sewn into place by Manson. The No.3 was powered by a British Anzani 45hp six cylinder two row radial engine. L'Union pour la Sécurité en Aéroplane held the first Concours de La

masks:
Thomas Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Preston
James Watson


texts: Sécurité en Aéroplanes at the Buc Aerodrome, near Paris, France, in 1914, in which some 56 aircraft were entered with the intention of displaying advances.The only British participant was the No.3. One reason why the No.3 might have been ruled out of the competition was stated in the 7 July 1915 issue of The Aeroplane. The machine was not a success because it was underpowered. It got off the ground for a short time. Mr S. Summerfield was one of the pilots who flew during the competition. The No.3 was ruled out of the competition for no apparent reason, as recorded in the 3 July 1914 issue of Flight. The No.3's disqualification was due to the fact that the pilot was classified as a novice and excluded.In March 1915, during an interview with a Flight magazine reporter, he mentioned that he had fitted floats to the No.3. It is most likely that they were flotation devices that helped the aircraft stay afloat in the event of a crash. After the war, he applied for a commission with the Royal Naval Air Service and wanted to carry out further experiments with the No.3. According to James Manson, the mechanic and sometimes pilot of the No. 3, it was broken up around the time of the outbreak of war in 1914, but he kept it after he joined the RNAS. It was likely to be scrapped after his death. Nowadays, the efforts of the competitors and judges at the event are all but forgotten, but many of the features pioneered at the event were to reappear on modern aircraft. The event proved to be less than successful, but it showed his dedication to his work.His theories became known to a wider audience after he went into detail about his rocking wing method of control in an article in Flight magazine. With the declaration of the First World War in August 1914, he had held a commission as a volunteer with the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry, but was refused because he was too old to fly. In a letter to his wife, written in the later months of 1914, he explains a meeting with a man who was employed by the War Office. He showed Jouques photographs and wrote details of his rocking wing experiments in the book. Jouques claimed that he would organize a demonstration of the machine for the War Office and that he was genuinely interested in the design. This didn't happen and the offer by Jouques to make the No.3 was less than enthusiastic. Jouques claimed that his wife had access to Lord Kitchener and that he needed to make modifications to the machine before he could show it to the War Office.Nothing came of this, again, as he states in one of the letters that he is "swithering" over the latest offer by Jouques, because of his own reluctance. It's not clear what this letter is about, but it's possible that it's about <mask>'s displeasure with his aircraft. Was he unhappy with his machine's performance at the competition, or was it the lack of progress with his experiments as a whole? Not satisfied with the progress he had made in obtaining a flying commission through official sources, he tried to earn his own flying qualification by paying for instruction at the London and Provincial School at the London Aerodrome. He had completed his training in the L & P Biplane and 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 According to an entry in the 24 March 1915 issue of The Aeroplane, the Royal Aero Club Certificate, No.1,117, the equivalent of achieving a pilot's licence in the L & P Biplane, was awarded to him on 16 March 1915. In the 26 February 1915 issue of Flight there is a photograph of students and instructors of the London and Provincial School, one of which is Captain Clive Franklin Collett MC, a Great War fighter.In the 31 March 1915 issue of The Aeroplane magazine, the L & P School graduate flew a Beatty-Wright biplane for the first time, despite already having his certificate. On June 30, 1915, a Royal Naval Air Service flight sub-Lieutenant was flying between Eastchurch in Kent and Eastbourne, East Sussex, England when his plane "suddenly dived from a great height to the ground" and crashed in Dun. He was killed in the accident. He was 34 years old. He was buried in the Western Cemetery in July. There is a grave near the first upper terrace. The dove is in the air.He was survived by his wife and two children. His research is not known. The cause of the crash has never been fully explained, even though a wing was found in an adjoining field. Engine failure is a possible cause of the crash. The time and place he was killed were stated on his casualty card. The false claims of powered-flight-before-the-Wrights in the summer of 1903 that originated from his younger brother James are regarded with scepticism today. In a letter to the Science Museum, London dated 21 October 1949, <mask> began to gather information on the claim.In the December 1953 issue of the Manchester Guardian newspaper, James had an article published referencing the claim, although it was not the first public acknowledgement of it. The Royal Aeronautical Society and the Royal Aero Club hosted a dinner to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Wright Brothers' first powered flight on December 17, 1903, with evidence including photographs and eye-witness accounts. The editor of the February 1954 issue of Aeronautics magazine cautiously advised readers that they were not sure if the claim by <mask> was true, although he re-iterated his claim. The director of the Victoria and Albert Museum and a professional aviation researcher investigated the claim. The change of tack was forced by the presentation of the findings by Gibbs-Smith. In the December 1955 issue of the magazine "A pioneer in Scotland", James changed his story, stating that "Preston's first aeroplane was without an engine" and that "trial flights were made at Errol in the summer of 1903". James made no claim that the machine used at Errol in 1903 was powered.There was a rumour thatPreston had built a "Wright Type glider" at that time, although no such claim had been made before. The former head of Kings College Dental Department, John Bell Milne, claimed to have seen the earliest flying machine, but he had not seen it in flight. Bell Milne said that the aircraft was definitely a glider and had skids. Both wings were in the same span. There was an elevator out front. In an interview he gave in 1961, he remembered that at the time he andPreston were attending physics classes at University College, the glider that they were riding was constructed in late 1903 or early 1904. In a letter dated 15 August 1957, <mask> advised that Bell Milne could not have seen the machine that he andPreston were testing because he was not present in 1903.One wonders if James was aware of the discrepancies in his own testimonies, as one by one his claims were disproved. It is questionable as to whether or not the assertion that a glider or any aircraft was built in 1903 is true. After first making his claims in 1953, JamesWatson admitted that the aircraft that was flown in 1903 was a glider. Prior to this admission, there was never any mention of a Watson built glider, neither by James, nor the witnesses James presented in support of his original claim. The crux of the matter is when the first flights were carried out in this aircraft. The date of the first powered flight by the Wrights is when powered flight claims must be made. It is convenient for anyone to recall such an event some fifty years after it supposedly took place.It is noteworthy that none of the eye witnesses that <mask> interviewed while preparing his case for his powered flights ever mentioned that they saw a glider flying at Errol. He never saw the glider being flown, even though he had a recollection of it. At the inquest into his son's death on June 30, 1915, his father stated that his son had taken a great interest in flying for the past seven years. He had published a patent for flying machines a year earlier, but his ideas at that time were way off the mark when it came to understanding what constituted a successful project. Had an aircraft been built that incorporated his ideas, it wouldn't have left the ground. It's another thing that flies in the face of a machine built in 1903. If his prior research into methods of achieving flight had been successful, why would he produce such nave work?Another cause for debate is the claim that a Dutheil Chalmers engine was purchased from a Brazilian pilot. The year the motor was purchased was 1906 according to John Bell Milne. Dutheil Chalmers & Cie did not build their first aero-engine until 1907. Bell Milne changed the date to a year later, which brought into question his earlier statements. The Musee de L'Air at Le Bourget, Paris received the Dutheil Chalmers motor that was fitted to the first rocking wing aircraft, but later gave it to the Director of the museum who confirmed it was a 1909 four cylinder 40. The earliest date that the purchase of the Dutheil Chalmers engine could have taken place is 1908. There was a false statement made by James.3 shipped to France and entered into a competition and won a safety award. There is no evidence of this. His No.3 plane was disqualified from the only competition he entered in France, the Concours de La Sécurité en Aéroplanes. The Concours held between 1 January and 1 July 1914 was the first of its kind, but some sources say the date in which the safety prize was won was 1913. Most claims of powered-flight-before-the-Wrights have only one supporting evidence. At least fifty years after the alleged events took place, the differing accounts supplied by the same person are inconsistent with one another. The New Zealander Richard Pearse had a similar case.In a letter dated 19 December 1959 to one G. Bolt, the man who had submitted information about Richard Pearse told him to be careful. In the 15 May 1914 issue of Flight magazine, it was stated that the Wrights were the first to fly in a practical way. <mask> on the matter. There is cold water on the suggestion that he built and flew rocking wing aircraft before 1910. There are many inconsistencies and errors in the book The Pioneer Flying Achievements of <mask>, which is the reason why the rumour persists. Since James first made his assertions, there has been a flood of articles and re-assertions of discredited stories in newspapers and magazines.During the 100th anniversary year of the Wrights' first powered flights, reporters took up the story and published their exclusive in the local press. There are still many who refuse to accept the fact that the tale of <mask> and his brother has been completely discredited, despite the fact that he later denied the claims. He was married to a woman. Ronald Stuart <mask> was killed at sea while serving as a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve. The list of aviation pioneers includes Richard Pearse and the Wright

masks:
Watson
James Watson
James Watson
James Watson
James Watson
JamesPreston
Preston Watson
James Watson
Watson


texts: From 1962 to 1965, the president of the British Psychoanalytical Society was an English man named <mask>. <mask> was educated at Bishop's Stortford College in England and was born in India. After the outbreak of the First World War, he served in the Tank Corps as a tank commander in France, and was awarded both theDistinguished Service Order (DSO) and the Croix de Chevalier of the Lé. He first entered the war zone on 26 June 1917, and was promoted to temporary lieutenant on 10 June 1918, and to acting captain on 22 March 1918, when he took command of a tank section. He was granted the rank of captain after demobilising. <mask>'s daughter, Parthenope, raises the question of just how (and how far) her father was shaped as an analyst by his wartime experiences. <mask> studied history at The Queen's College, Oxford, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1922, before studying medicine at University College London.He was attracted to London by the "strange new subject called psychoanalysis" and was impressed by the brain surgeon who published Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War, based on the horrors of the First World War. This was to show <mask>'s interest in group behavior. Having qualified in medicine by means of the Conjoint Diploma in 1930, <mask> spent seven years in psychotherapeutic training at the Tavistock Clinic, an experience he regarded as having had some limitations. It brought him into contact with Samuel Beckett. The training analysis he began with John Rickman was stopped by the Second World War. <mask> was recommissioned in the Royal Army Medical Corps as a lieutenant on 1 April 1940 and worked in a number of military hospitals. S.H. Foulkes, Rickman, Bridger, Main and Patrick De Mare were some of the people who developed these ideas.The entire group at Tavistock had been taken into the army, and were working on new methods of treatment for those suffering post-traumatic stress, or "shell shock" as it was then known. In his influential book, Experiences in Groups and other papers, <mask>'s papers describing his work of the 1940s were compiled much later and appeared together in 1961. It was not a guide for the therapy of individuals within or by the group, but an exploration of the processes set off by being in a group. The book became a reference work for applications of group theory in a wide variety of fields. <mask>'s wife Betty died a few days after giving birth to a daughter. His daughter, Parthenope, lectured and wrote about her father's work. Parthenope and her daughter Patrizia died in a car crash in Italy in 1998.<mask> chaired the planning committee for the reorganization of the Tavistock into the new Tavistock Institute of Human Relations and the new Tavistock Clinic as part of the newly launched National Health Service. Between 1946 and 1952 he underwent training analysis with Melanie Klein. He met his second wife at the Tavistock. Klein's theory of the paranoid-schizoid and the depressive positions was being developed by his students for use in the analysis of patients with psychotic disorders. He produced a series of highly original and influential papers on the analysis of schizophrenia, and the specific cognitive, perceptual, and identity problems of such patients. The final section called commentary was added to show how his views on clinical and theoretical matters had changed. <mask>'s theories revealed correspondences and expansions of core ideas from both Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein.He tried to understand thoughts and thinking from a 'algebraic', 'geometric' and'mathematised' point of view, believing there to be too little precision in the existing vocabulary. He abandoned the complex, abstract applications of mathematics and developed a more intuitive approach. <mask> lived in Los Angeles, California, until 1977. James Gooch was one of the founding members of the Psychoanalytic Center of California. He came back to Oxfordshire before his death. <mask>'s reputation has grown steadily in Britain and internationally. His writings are sometimes gnomic and irritating, but always stimulating.He is not a follower of Klein or Freud. While <mask> is well known outside of the community for his work on group dynamics, the conversation that explores his work is mainly concerned with his theory of thinking and his model of the development of a capacity for thought. <mask> was an original contributor to the field. He developed new conceptual tools and was one of the first to analyse patients in psychotic states using an analytic technique. It is not always possible to distinguish individual contributions to the theory of splitting, projective identification because of the degree of collaboration between the three of them. As Donald Meltzer, Denis Carpy, and Michael Feldman. The three pioneers of Klein's clinical and theoretical approach deepened and expanded it through an extension of the concept of projective identification and countertransference.The goal of <mask>'s clinical work is to understand psychic reality through a disciplined experience of transference and countertransference in a way that promotes the growth of the whole personality. He remained larger than life to almost all who encountered him because of his unique ideas. He was thought to be the greatest Freudian thinker after Freud. The idea of containment may have been suggested to <mask> by an encounter with C.G. Jung, who Bion was an active participant in. James Grotstein, Bion's biographer and one of Bion's most influential pupils, described the experience as having had a "dramatic impact" on Bion. Group experiments were performed by <mask> when he was in charge of the training wing of the military hospital. He observed some very interesting phenomena to which he believed may apply to society, as well as observing the basic assumptions recurring in these groups.In a group, the standards of social intercourse lack intellectual content and critical judgement. This observation concurs with the findings of Gustave Le Bon in his book The Crowd. An interesting observation was that whatever a group member says or does in a group illuminates that member's view of the group and is an illumination of that member's personality. Projection is what psychologists call this phenomenon. The foundations for a system of denial and evasion can be established if the contributions of the group are anonymous. The phenomenon is called Deindividuation. He found that whenever a group is formed, it always seeks a leader to follow.Someone with questionable attributes is searched for by the group. The group will look for people who are paranoid schizophrenic or have hysteric tendencies. If the group can't find someone with those attributes, they look for someone with delinquent trends and a bad personality. The group would just settle on the high-grade defect. Group dynamics are set out in Experiences in Groups and other papers written in the 1940s but compiled and published in 1961, where Bion refers to recurrent emotional states of groups as "basic assumptions." The basic assumption group and the work group are actually present in every group, according to Bion. The work group is the part of group functioning that has to do with the primary task of the group, what the group has formed to accomplish, and will keep the group anchored to a sophisticated and rational level of behavior.The tacit underlying assumptions on which the group's behavior is based are described in the basic assumption group. <mask> identified three basic assumptions. The task the group is attempting to accomplish can be interfered with by any one of these basic assumptions. <mask> believed that the therapist's interpretation of this aspect of group dynamics would result in potential insight into effective, co-operative group work. The group's main goal is to attain security through and have its members protected by one individual. The assumption in this group culture is that an external object exists to provide security for the immature individual. The group members act as though the leader is omnipotent and omniscient.The leader may pose a question only to be met with silence, as though he or she had not spoken at all. The leader may be idealized into a kind of god who can take care of his or her children, and some especially ambitious leaders may be susceptible to this role. The group members may eventually take down the leader and look for a new one. In the basic assumption of fight-flight, the group behaves as though it has met to preserve itself at all costs, and that this can only be done by running away from someone or fighting someone. In a fight, the group may be characterized by aggressiveness and hostility; in flight, the group may be chit-chat, tell stories, arrive late or any other activities that serve to avoid addressing the task at hand. The leader of this group should be able to mobilize the group for an attack or lead it in flight. The assumption that the group has met for the purpose of reproduction is the final basic assumption group.The work of the group is carried out by two people regardless of their sex. The group members are listening with a sense of relief and anticipation. The three basic-assumption groups seem each in turn to be a collection of individuals sharing out the characteristics of one character in the Oedipal situation, according to <mask>. <mask> believed that there were still more primitive, part-object phantasies behind the Oedipal level. <mask>'s interest would be focused on such phantasies after his second analysis. <mask> changed Melanie Klein's theories of phantasy into a "theory of thinking" of his own. The emergence of truth and mental growth were highlighted by Bion in the beginning of the analytic hour.Exposure to truth grows the mind. Emotional experience is the foundation for both mental development and truth. The evolution of emotional experience into the capacity for thought is one of the main phenomena described in Bion's model. Bion gives a language to help one think about what is happening during the analytic hour. The tools are intended to be used outside the hour. "<mask> had advocated starting every session without memory, desire or understanding, his antidote to those intrusive influences that otherwise threaten to distort the analytic process." Alpha elements, alpha elements, and alpha function Bion created a theory of thinking based on changing alpha elements into alpha elements.The "fundamental anxieties that underlie the basic assumption group resistances were originally thought of as Proto-mental phenomena...forerunners of <mask>'s later concept of beta-elements." They were conceptual developments from his work on projective identification, from the "minutely split 'particles'" <mask> saw as expelled in pathological projective identification by the psychotic, who would then go on to "lodge them in the angry, so-called bizarre objects by which he "These raw bits of experience he called alpha-elements...to be actively handled and made use of by the mind they must, through what <mask> calls alpha-functions, become alpha-elements". elements,  elements and  function are elements that <mask> theorizes about. - elements, - elements, and  function are not considered by him. The terms are used to think about what is being observed. We don't know the full extent or scope of their meaning, so they are intended as tools for thought rather than real things to be accepted at face value.Bion didn't realize that an infant needs a mind to tolerate and organize experience. Bion has thoughts prior to the development of an apparatus for thinking. The ability to have thoughts has to be called into existence to cope with thoughts. There are thoughts before their realization. Through the "container" role of maternal reverie, the capacity to think the thoughts which already exist develops through another mind. To learn from experience alpha-function must operate on the awareness of the emotional experience; alpha–elements are produced from the impressions of the experience, these are thus storable and available for dream thoughts and for unconscious waking thinking... There can be no suppression or learning if there are only alpha-elements.There are undigested facts, impressions, and sensations that cannot be mentalized. -function digests elements, making them available for thought. 6–9). It is not possible to use the elements in dream thoughts, but they can be used in projective identification. They produce acting out. Alpha-function transforms sense impressions into alpha-elements which resemble, and may in fact be identical with these objects that can be evacuated or used for a kind of thinking that depends on manipulation of what are felt to be things in themselves as if to substitute such manipulations for words or ideas. The patient cannot sleep because of the failure of

masks:
Wilfred Ruprecht Bion DSO
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion
Bion