texts: <mask> is a Swiss composer, conductor and choir leader. <mask> was born in 1961. He graduated from college. He studied music theory at the University of the Arts Bern. He was trained by Krner to become Kapellmeister. Composition lessons were taken with Cristbal Halffter, Dimitri Terzakis and Edisson Denissow. He attended master classes with Wolfgang Rihm.He got more impulses from Kurtg. The Bern Amadeus Chor was conducted by <mask> from 1998 to 2007. He became an artistic adviser after founding the. He is a lecturer at the University of the Arts Bern. The Groupe Lacroix was founded by <mask>. Most of his compositions are published in Bern. The Brgi-Willert Foundation won the Culture Prize in 2000.The Recognition Prize for Music of the Canton of Bern was awarded in 2002. The Canton of Bern has a music prize. Orchestral music for 2 violoncellos and string orchestra piece for 19 cellos was written in 1990. It was composed for the Duo En Cuerdas. Stck fr Klarinette und Pantomime was performed in 1999. The opera is in 3 acts. The libretto was written by <mask>.A musical theatre for 4 people. There is a small scene for a choir. The text was written by W. H. Auden. Four-part choir, 2 violins, 2 cellos and double bass are included in the cantata. There is a four-part choir, a male narrative, and 2 pianos. The four-part choir was written by <mask> Dromedar. <mask> Ich bin so mde von Seufzen was written for choir, 2 flutes, percussion and strings.The text was written by Ernst Jandl Zitate. Text Alltags, Werbe- und Mediensprache Slogans, fr Sopran, Flte, Oboe, Horn, and Kontrabass, was published in 1991. Text Werbesprache Zig (1992) fr Sopran und Vibraphon Schattige Grten. Friederike Roth wrote the text. Liederzyklus fr Mezzosopran. Bettina Kaelin wrote a book about the Pelikan und Pavian. Text fr singenden Pianisten, singenden Pianisten, singenden Pianisten, singenden Pianisten, singenden Pianisten, singenden Pianisten, singenden Pianisten, singenden Pianisten, singenden Pianisten,The text was written by Adolf Wlfli. The text was written by William Shakespeare. Text Dan Wiener Hommage  -tt- (2001) fr Sopran. The text was written by Martin Etter Die Liebe des Dichters. Lied fr Bariton. The text was written by Robert Schumann Maifeuer. The text was written by Rose Auslnder.Liederzyklus fr Alt/Mezzosopran ist die kleiner Liederzyklus. Was ist es also? Fr (Mezzo)Sopran und Klavier was published in 2005. The text was written by Erich Fried Ein Vogelort. The text is written by the author, and is titled "Mir 2006 fr Bariton und Klavier". The text is about the trio Basso und Sprecherin. The text was written by Jol-Claude Meffre.The text was written by Jol-Claude Meffre. Text Georg Trakl. Liederzyklus fr Tenor. The text Raphael Urweider Keine ist zeitig. The text was written by Robert Walser. U.a. M&S Music produced Amadeus Chor Bern.In Groupe Lacroix: The Composer Group, Thomas Blumenthal has a solo. In Groupe Lacroix: 8 Pieces on Paul Klee. The festival was called L'art pour L'Aar. The Konzerte 2006/2007 is called Capella Nova. Keine Zeit ist zeitig fr Mezzosopran, Bariton, Flte, Lupophon, Kontraforte. Literature <mask> was in Grammont Selection 5. Walter Labhart was in Hans Steinbeck.There is a Schweizer Komponisten. Discographie und Bibliographie are included in the biographien. Winterthur 1993, Amadeus. Theo Hirsbrunner ist bei <mask>. Dissonanz 55 was published in 1998. <mask>. In Peter Hollfelder there is a song.Internationales Lexikon. There is a book called Geschichte. There is a song called "Komonisten." Werke. Noetzel, Wilhelmshaven 2005, is a supplement. <mask>. The book was written by Axel Schniederjrgen.Krschners Musiker-Handbuch. 5. The Saur Verlag is in Munich. Website von <mask> <mask> in der MusicSack-Datenbank Biographie, Diskographie und Bibliographie von <mask> in der Online-Datenbank are external links.

masks:
Christian Henking
Life Henking
Henking
Henking
Christian Henking
Christian Henking
Christian Henking
Christian Henking
Christian Henking
Christian Henking
Christian Henking
Christian Henking
Christian Henking
Christian Henking


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> is a former Wales international rugby union player and extreme endurance athlete. He was a professional rugby player for 13 years, representing NewportRFC, PontypriddRFC, Celtic Warriors, Leeds Tykes, Perpignan and Newport Gwent Dragons. He retired from rugby due to a shoulder injury. <mask> was born on August 14, 1977 in Pontypridd to a Jamaican mother and a Welsh father. <mask> attended Rougemont School in Newport, Wales. At the age of 11 <mask> started playing Rugby at Rougemont School and progressed quickly through the ranks playing at flanker. He spent a year in South Africa in 1996 at Michaelhouse, a boarding school for senior boys, after being selected for Welsh Schools at under 18 level.<mask> competed for the first team at Michaelhouse in order to gain entry to the University of Wales to study Dentistry. <mask> was invited to join the Natal Under 19s academy but he had to commit to attend university in South Africa. <mask> signed his first professional contract as a rugby player after returning home to take a contract with Newport Rugby Football Club, because he always wanted to play for Wales. In his first year at Newport, <mask> was selected to play for the Welsh sevens team in Tokyo, Japan, and in his second year, he was called up to train with the Welsh senior team. <mask> was voted the most promising player of the year by his club at the end of the 1997-98 season. Park's 3rd season with Newport was cut short by injury. He had a stress fracture of his spine and missed most of the season.<mask> was going to gain Welsh honours at an under 21 level, but he broke his back. <mask> was released from his contract at Newport RFC after 62 appearances and finished the season playing for the University Rugby team. In 2001 <mask> represented the Welsh Sevens in the Rugby World Cup Sevens in Argentina, after playing for Wales. In 2002, Pontypridd won the Principality Cup but lost to Sale Sharks in the Parker Pen Shield final. <mask> was called up to represent Wales on a tour to South Africa. <mask> made his international debut from the bench in a 34–19 loss to South Africa in Free State Stadium on June 8, 2002. He was the first player to represent Wales.<mask> was selected for the autumn international series where he gained his second cap. <mask> remained in the Welsh squad after the final season at Pontypridd. He did not play on a match day despite being named in the 6 Nations squad. He was in the preliminary World Cup squad in the summer of 2003 and played against Scotland and Ireland. <mask> did not make the final section to the World Cup. The introduction of regional rugby union teams in Wales in 2003 led to the formation of the Celtic Warriors. He played the whole of the 2003– 2004 season out of position due to injuries and finished with 19 appearances.After the demise of the region, <mask> joined Phil Davies at the Tykes. After a difficult start to the 2004–05 season through injury, <mask> became an influential member of theLeeds squad and was at times named as vice captain. Injuries to key players at the beginning of 2005 meant that Leeds were adrift of their rivals. They made it to their first ever Powergen Cup final in 2005, defeating Bath 20–12 to win their first ever trophy. They went on to win five straight games and finish the season in eighth position. The Tykes lost their first eight games and were demoted at the end of the season. USA Perpignan signed <mask> for the 2006–07 season.<mask> returned to Wales because he didn't get enough game time with the Newport Gwent Dragons. In the Boxing Day derby against the Blues, <mask> tore his knee ligaments, the start of a long line of injuries that eventually led to his retirement from rugby. <mask> injured his shoulder in a tackle during his second season with the Dragons. <mask> had an operation on his shoulder after he was unaware of the severity of his injury. He came back to action at the beginning of the year but his shoulder problem came back. The damage to <mask>'s shoulder was irreversible after a number of different treatments and he was advised to stop playing rugby. He made 30 appearances for the Dragons.On May 26, 2009, <mask> retired from rugby. Following his retirement from rugby, <mask> embarked on a challenge to climb the highest mountain on each of the world's 7 continents and complete the Three Poles Challenge within 7 months. The 100th anniversary of the departure of the Terra Nova expedition, led by Robert Falcon Scott, was celebrated on 12 December 2010. Steve Williams and Janet Suart were with <mask> on parts of the challenge. Leg 1: The South Pole, 6.10 am; Leg 2: Mount Vinson, 8 January 2011; and Leg 3: Aconcagua, 5 February 2011. He set a new benchmark in the climbing of the 7 summits by completing his 737 Challenge in six months, 11 days, seven hours and 53 minutes. He raised hundreds of thousands of pounds in aid of Marie Curie Cancer Care and created an advertising value worth millions of dollars for the charity.He attempted to ski to the South Pole on his own. He had to abandon his attempt to reach the South Pole in January because he couldn't get the last plane back to South America in time. He made it to the South Pole in 29 days, 19 hours and 24 minutes, the fastest solo by a British person. The "Richard Parks - Conquering the World" documentary was transmitted in 3 parts from Tuesday 26 July 2011. It has been distributed all over the world. The documentary showed him reaching seven summits and three poles in seven months. A version has been released.Park's first television series was broadcasted on Channel 5. It followed a year of preparation and then completion of endurance races, as well as skiing solo and unsupported to the South Pole. The production and release of a documentary series and a documentary with <mask> were both produced by One Tribe TV. "Extreme Wales with <mask>" was released in September. "<mask> Parks on Everest", a 60-minute documentary, was broadcast in October, following his progress earlier in the year on Project Everest Cynllun. The One Powergen Cup/Anglo-Welsh Cup title was won in 2012 by a celebrity. The Rugby Writers' Club Special Award was previously given to the likes of Sir Clive Woodward and Phil Vickery.The 'Chancellors medal' was awarded by the University of Glamorgan. 2012 was the year that I was awarded a fellowship from the University of Wales. The torch was selected to carry. The Queen was invited to meet the Business Insider's top 100 most influential people in Wales. Limegreentangerine won the SME of the year at the 2012 CIM Marketing excellence Awards. The fellowship was awarded by the university. Black History Month in the United Kingdom includes a list of 100 brilliant, black and Welsh people.<mask> has a Newport Gwent Dragons profile on his website.

masks:
Richard David Parks
Parks
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Parks
Parks
Parks
Richard
Parks
Parks
Parks
Parks
Parks
Parks
Parks
Parks
Richard
Richard
Richard
Parks
Parks
Parks
Richard Parks
Richard
Richard Parks


texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1343 to 1370. He was the first child of <mask> of Hungary and Elizabeth of Poland. If his uncle died without a son, <mask> had the right to inherit the Kingdom of Poland. <mask> was obliged to help his uncle reoccupy the lands that Poland had lost. Between 1339 and 1343, he was the Duke of Transylvania, but he didn't administer the province. <mask> succeeded his father in 1343, but his mother's influence on him was strong. His father had a rich treasury and a centralized kingdom.During the first years of his reign, <mask> launched a crusade against theLithuanians and restored royal power in Croatia. <mask> accused the queen of her husband's murder and punishing her became the main goal of his foreign policy. Between 1347 and 1350, he launched two campaigns to the Kingdom of Naples. The Holy See never recognized <mask>' claim that he was the King of Sicily and Jerusalem. <mask>'s rule was unpopular in Southern Italy because of his actions. In 1351, he withdrew his troops from the Kingdom of Naples. Like his father, <mask> used royal prerogatives to grant privileges to his courtiers.The equal status of all noblemen was emphasized at the Diet of 1351, as he confirmed the liberties of the Hungarian nobility. The right to free movement for all peasants was confirmed by the introduction of an entail system and a uniform rent at the same Diet. The authority of Hungarian monarchs over territories along frontiers that had been lost during previous decades was restored in the 1350s. The Republic of Venice was forced to abandon the Dalmatian towns. He tried to expand his suzerainty over the rulers of Bosnia,Moldavia, Wallachia, and parts of Bulgaria and Serbia. <mask>'s rule in these regions was only nominal during most of his reign, and he was sometimes willing to yield to him, either under duress or in the hope of support against their internal opponents. His attempts to convert his pagan or Orthodox subjects to Catholicism made him unpopular in the Balkans.The university in Pécs was closed within two decades because <mask> didn't have enough money to maintain it. Poland was given to <mask> by his uncle in 1370. He wanted his subjects to know that his daughters had the right to succeed him in Hungary and Poland. He spelled out the liberties of Polish noblemen in the Privilege of Koszyce. His rule was unpopular in Poland. In Hungary, the royal free cities were given the power to delegate jurors to the high court to hear their cases. <mask> was suffering from a skin disease when he died.<mask> was acknowledged as the legitimate pope at the beginning of the Western Schism. After Charles of Durazzo was put on the throne of Naples, <mask> helped him take over the kingdom. <mask> was thought to be the most powerful Hungarian monarch who ruled over an empire that was washed by three seas. <mask> was the third son of <mask> of Hungary and his wife, Elizabeth of Poland. He was named after his uncle, the Bishop of Toulouse, who was canonized in 1317. Charles died before <mask> was born. After his brother Ladislaus died in 1329, <mask> became his father's heir.He had a liberal education and learned French, German and Latin. He was interested in astrology and history. The basic principles of Christian faith were taught to him by a cleric from Wrocaw. <mask>'s religious zeal was due to his mother. Peter Pohros, a knight of the royal court, carried <mask> on his shoulders as a child. The lives of <mask> and his brother, Andrew, were saved by Nicholas Drugeth and Nicholas Tapolcsnyi. <mask> was nine years old when he signed a treaty of alliance with his father.<mask> and his father invaded Austria a year later. <mask> of Hungary and <mask> in Visegrd signed a new treaty with John of Bohemia's son and heir, Charles, Margrave of Moravia. According to the treaty, Charles of Moravia acknowledged the right of <mask>'s sons to succeed their maternal uncle, if he died without a male issue. <mask> promised to marry the margrave's daughter, Margaret. Aldona died on May 26, 1339. Two leading Polish noblemen,Zbigniew and Spycimir Leliwitapersuaded, who had not fathered a son, to make his sister, Elizabeth, and her offspring his heirs. According to the 15th-century Jan Dugosz, the assembled prelates and nobles proclaimed <mask> as the heir to the throne, but the reference to the sejm is anachronistic.According to a historian, the king of Hungary wanted to ensure his support against the Teutonic Knights, so he preferred his own daughters or a cadet branch of the Piast dynasty. If <mask> died without a son, his father and uncle would make him heir. <mask> promised that <mask> would reoccupy Pomerania and other Polish lands lost to the Teutonic Order without Polish funds and would only employ Poles in the royal administration in Poland. <mask> was given the title of Duke of Transylvania by his father in 1339, but he did not administer the province. Margaret of Bohemia lived in the Hungarian royal court, according to a royal charter from the same year. The royal charter of 1340 mentioned <mask>'s separate ducal court. <mask> died in July of 1342.Csand Telegdi, the Archbishop of Esztergom, was crowned <mask> king five days later. Although <mask> had attained the age of majority, his mother Elizabeth acted as a sort of co-regent for decades, because she exerted a powerful influence on him. During the last decades of his reign, <mask>' father strengthened royal authority and ruled without holding Diets. <mask> introduced a new system of land grants that excluded the grantee's brothers and other kinsmen from the donation. <mask> promoted a daughter to a son, that is authorized a daughter to inherit her father's estates, despite the fact that the landed property of a nobleman who had no sons was to be passed on to his kinsmen. The wives of his favorites were often granted this privilege. Landowners were often authorized by <mask> to apply capital punishment in their estates.William Drugeth was an advisor to <mask>'s late father. Nicholas was given the landed property, but <mask> took the estates. Thomas Szécsényi's wife was a distant cousin of the queen mother, which is why <mask> dismissed his father's Voivode of Transylvania. The Lackfis had eight members of their family hold high offices during <mask>' reign. The first war of <mask>'s reign was fought by Andrew Lackfi. The Banate of Macs, which had been lost during his father's reign, was restored by him. The King of Naples died in January.He excluded Andrew from becoming co-ruler because he was his granddaughter's sole heir. The late kings of Naples and Hungary had an agreement. He went to the father of Andrew's bride, Charles of Moravia, in the Czech Republic to convince him to help Andrew. <mask> urged the high officials of the kingdom to promote his brother's interests. Elizabeth took with her almost the whole royal treasure, including more than silver and gold, when she left for Naples in the summer. During her seven-month stay in Italy, she was only able to convince her daughter-in-law and the pope that Andrew would be her husband. According to the chronicle of John of Kkll, <mask> launched his first campaign against a group of Saxons who had refused to pay taxes, and forced them to yield in the summer of 1344.The suzerainty of the Hungarian monarchs over Nicholas Alexander who was the son of Basarab, the ruling prince of Wallachiaswore, was due to his loyalty to <mask>. <mask> joined a crusade against the pagans. John of Bohemia, Charles of Moravia, Peter of Bourbon, and William of Hainaut and Holland laid siege to Vilnius. The Teutonic Knights were forced to lift their siege because of aLithuanian invasion. In February 1345, <mask> returned to Hungary. He dispatched Andrew Lackfi to invade the lands of the Golden Horde in order to retaliate against the Tatars. Lackfi and his army of mostly Székely warriors defeated the large Tatar army.The lands between the Eastern Carpathians and the Black Sea were under the control of the Golden Horde. 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Louis supported his uncle with reinforcements during the war. While Louis's armies were fighting in Poland and against the Tatars, he besieged Knin, the former seat of the late Ivan Nelipac, who had successfully resisted <mask>'s father, forcing his widow and son to surrender. During his stay in Croatia, the counts of Corbavia and other Croatian noblemen were also given to him. The citizens of Zadar accepted the suzerainty of the Republic of Venice. Louis went back to Visegrd.<mask>, Ban of Bosnia, was dispatched to assist the burghers of Zadar, but the ban did not fight against the Venetians. Andrew was murdered in Aversa on 18 September 1345. The Neapolitan branches of the Capetian House of Anjou were accused of scheming against Andrew by <mask> and his mother. <mask> wrote a letter to Pope <mask> in January of 1 347 demanding that he dethrone the queen in favor of Charles Martel. During the minority of his nephew, <mask> referred to his patrilinear descent from the first-born son of Robert the Wise's father, <mask> of Naples. He promised to increase the amount of yearly tribute that the kings of Naples would pay to the Holy See. <mask> decided to invade southern Italy after the pope failed to investigate Andrew's murder.He sent his envoys to Italian towns before the summer of 1346. The Venetians bribed <mask>' commanders to allow him to relieve Zadar. The Venetians overcame the defenders outside the walls of the town after the citizens broke out and attacked the besiegers. The Venetians offered to pay 320,000 golden florins as compensation after <mask> withdrew. Zadar surrendered to the Venetians on December 21, 1346. The Italians who had suffered from a famine the previous year were the reason why <mask> sent small expeditions to Italy. His first troops left under the command of Nicholas Vsri.German mercenaries were hired by <mask> fled for Marseille after marrying a cousin, <mask> of Taranto. <mask> in Aversa was visited by Robert of Taranto and Charles of Durazzo. <mask> persuaded their brothers, Philip of Taranto and <mask> of Durazzo, to join them. After their arrival, King <mask>'s smile was replaced by a harsher expression as he revealed his true feelings for the princes and that he had kept hidden until then.He blamed his kinsmen for his brother's murder and had them captured. Mary, the wife of Charles of Durazzo, was beheaded the next day. The princes were sent to Hungary along with Charles Martel. <mask>inos refused to cooperate with him. The pope refused to confirm <mask>na was declared innocent of her husband's murder by the pope and the cardinals at a formal meeting. The arrival of the Black Death forced <mask> to leave Italy. He made Wolfhardt governor of Naples, but his mercenaries did not stop him from returning in September. After signing a truce with Venice on 5 August, <mask> sent new troops to Naples under the command of Stephen Lackfi. Lackfi was forced to return to Hungary after a group of German mercenaries revolted against him.The Black Death had arrived in Hungary. The first wave of the epidemic ended in June, but it came back in September and killed <mask>'s first wife, Margaret. <mask> survived the plague. Although the Black Death was less devastating in Hungary than in other parts of Europe, there were areas that became depopulated in 1349 and the demand for work force increased in the subsequent years. If Clement was deposed, <mask> proposed to leave the Kingdom of Naples. <mask> left for his second campaign in April 1350 after the pope refused. While waiting for the arrival of more troops in Barletta, he suppressed a mutiny among his mercenaries.While marching towards Naples, he faced resistance from many towns because his vanguards, which

masks:
Louis I
Louis the Great
Charles I
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Urban VI
Louis
Louis
Louis
Charles I
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Charles I
Louis
Charles I
Louis
Louis
Louis
Charles I
Louis
Louis
Louis
Charles I
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Stephen II
Louis
Louis
Clement VI
Louis
Charles II
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
LouisJoanna
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louisver
LouisJoan
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis


texts: were under the command of Stephen Lackfi, had become notorious for their brutality. <mask> personally led assaults and climbed city walls with his soldiers, endangering his own life. While besieging Canosa di Puglia, a defender of the fort hit <mask> with a stone and he fell into the moat. He dove into the river to save the young soldier who was swept away while exploring the ford. During the siege of Aversa, an arrow pierced <mask>'s left leg. The Queen and her husband fled from Naples again after the fall of Aversa. <mask> decided to return to Hungary.According to Matteo Villani, <mask> tried to leave the kingdom without losing face after he ran out of money. <mask> went to Rome to celebrate the Jubilee of 1350. He arrived in Buda on October 25, 1350. The truce was brokered by the Holy See and it lasted for six months. The pope promised <mask> that the queen's role in her husband's murder would be investigated again, and he ordered her to pay 300,000 gold florins to the imprisoned Neapolitan princes. <mask> was urged to intervene in his war with theLithuanians who had occupied the towns of Halych and Lodomeria in the previous years. Halych and Lodomeria would be integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary after the death of the king.If Casimir fathered a son, <mask> was authorized to redeem the two realms for 100,000 florins. The army was led by <mask> in June 1351. <mask> was the sole commander of the united Polish and Hungarian army. He invaded the lands of the prince. On August 15th, Kstutis accepted <mask>'s suzerainty and agreed to be baptised with his brothers. After Polish and Hungarian troops were withdrawn, Kstutis did not fulfill his promises. One of <mask>' allies, Boleslaus <mask> of Pock, was killed in battle when <mask> tried to capture Kstutis.<mask> came back to Buda on 13 September. The Emperor of the Serbs had forced his Roman Catholic subjects to be re-baptised and join the Serbian Orthodox Church and a papal legate visited <mask> to convince him to wage war against him. <mask> held a Diet to deal with the grievances of the Hungarian noblemen. All noblemen enjoyed the same liberties in his realm, as he confirmed all but one of the provisions of the Golden Bull. The provision that allowed noblemen who died without a son to leave their estates was rejected by him. If there were no male relatives to the Crown, the estates of a nobleman who had no male descendants would be passed on to his kinsmen. The peasants who held plots on their estates were ordered by <mask> to collect one tenth of the specified agricultural products.All peasants have the right to move to another land owner's estates. During 1351, the "general accord" between <mask> and the royal couple of Naples was accepted by both sides. <mask> <mask> and her husband returned to the Kingdom of Naples. <mask> stated that he had gone to avenge the death of his brother and that he had not gone to "war for greed, but to avenge the death of his brother". <mask> continued to use the titles of his grandfather, Charles Martel of Anjou, who was the firstborn son of Charles II of Naples. <mask> joined his uncle in March 1352. <mask> was injured in his head during the siege.<mask> returned to Hungary because he feared a Tatar invasion of Transylvania, after Algirdas hired mercenaries who invaded Podolia. Pope Clement gave <mask> the authority to collect a tithe from Church revenues for the next four years. The pope emphasized the link between his magnanimity and the release of the imprisoned Neapolitan princes. The pope gave the go-ahead for <mask> to take the pagans' and schismatics' lands. <mask> did not intervene in the Genoese–Venetian War because his truce with Venice was still in effect. Stephen II's daughter, Elizabeth of Bosnia, was married to <mask> in 1353. According to a historian, this marriage showed <mask>'s renewed interest in the affairs of the Balkans.A brown bear attacked him while he was hunting in Zlyom County. John Beseny, a knight of the court, killed the beast with his sword. According to Matteo Villani, <mask> launched an expedition against the Golden Horde at the head of an army of 200,000 horsemen. The young ruler, who historians identified as Jani Beg, did not want to wage war against Hungary and agreed to sign a peace treaty. The Tatars made no plundering raids in Transylvania after 1354 according to Villani's report. <mask> invaded Serbia in the same year, forcing Duan to leave the region along the river Sava. Duan began negotiations with the Holy See in order to acknowledge the popes' importance.Hungarian troops supported <mask>, Duke of Austria, in his fight against Zrich. <mask> refused to give up his plan to reconquer the province despite being offered 6–7,000 golden ducats by the Venetian delegates. He and <mask> of Austria formed an alliance against Venice. Croatian lords besieged and captured the Dalmatian fortress that Jelena Duan's husband, Mladen ubi, had built. <mask> invaded Venetian territories without a formal declaration of war. He attacked Treviso on July 27. <mask> sat alone while writing his letters on the banks of the river.The Venetians refused Baldachino's offer to assassinate him in exchange for 12,000 golden florins and Castelfranco Veneto because he didn't give them details of his plans. The siege continued even after <mask> returned to Buda. Pope <mask> asked the Venetians to make peace with Hungary. The pope made <mask> the "standard-bearer of the Church" and gave him three years to fight against the other lords in the Papal States. The pope's troops in Italy were supported by an army sent by <mask>. <mask> went to Dalmatia in July 1357. The Venetian governors were removed from Split, Trogir, and ibenik.<mask>'s army captured Zadar with the help of its townspeople after a short siege. Tvrtko <mask> of Bosnia, who had succeeded <mask>'s father-in-law in 1353, surrendered western Hum to <mask>, who claimed that territory as his wife's dowry. On February 18th, 1358, the Republic of Venice signed the Treaty of Zadar, which abolished all of the Dalmatian towns and islands between the Gulf of Kvarner and Durazzo. <mask>'s suzerainty was accepted by the Republic of Ragusa. The Dalmatian towns remained self-governing, thanks to a yearly tribute and naval service to <mask>, who abolished all commercial restrictions that had been introduced during the Venetians' rule. During the war between Hungary and Serbia, the merchants of Ragusa were free to trade in Serbia. The wars in the Balkans began to break down after the death of Stefan Duan.Matteo Villani claims that a Serbian lord sought Hungarian assistance against his more powerful opponent in the late 1350s. John V. A. is a historian. According to Fine and Pl Engel, the Serbian lord was a member of the Rastislali family. Hungarian troops fought in Serbia in 1358. <mask> marched to Serbia, but Uro V of Serbia avoided battle. In November and January of 1358, <mask> and the royal army stayed in Transylvania, suggesting that he planned a military expedition against a neighboring territory. <mask>'s suzerainty inMoldavia was restored after a rebellion of local Romanias, according to a charter of 1360.According to most Moldavian chronicles, Drago, who is sometimes identified with Drago of Giuleti and sometimes as Drago of Bedeu, departed "from the Hungarian country, from Maramure" at the head of his retinue, crossed the Carpathian Mountains while chasing The development of the Principality ofMoldavia was presented as a result of this "dismounting" by the same chronicles. After revolting against <mask> in the 1340s and plundering the estates of the landlords loyal to the king in the early 1350s, another voivode, Bogdan, invadedMoldavia in the early 1350s. The descendants of <mask>'s vassal were kicked out of the principality. According to John of Kkll, <mask> launched several expeditions against Bogdan, but their dates can't be determined. He was an independent prince. Hungarian troops were sent to relieve Bologna, which was besieged by Bernab Visconti's troops.After Visconti lifted the siege, <mask>'s mercenaries pillaged the region and refused to cooperate with the papal legate; <mask> had the commander of the army imprisoned. Rumors of a conspiracy to dethrone the emperor in favor of <mask> or Rudolf spread after a conflict between the emperor and the Duke of Austria. The four men met in Nagyszombat in Slovakia in May. The duke and emperor gave up their claims to the other party. The emperor gave up his suzerainty over the Duchy of Pock in Poland. The Jews in Hungary were converted to Catholicism by <mask>. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217They were allowed to take their personal property with them after their property was taken away. In Europe in the 14th century, there was no pogrom. In August 1361, <mask> of Austria and <mask> of Austria signed a treaty of alliance against Aquileia, who was <mask>'s ally. Fearing the formation of a coalition along the western borders of Hungary, <mask> asked his former enemy, <mask> of Taranto, to send at least one of his brothers to Buda. According to Jan Dugosz's chronicle, Emperor Charles said that <mask>'s mother was "shameless" at a meeting with <mask>'s envoys. The emperor did not respond when <mask> demanded an apology. <mask> ordered the deployment of the royal army in preparation for a war against the Czechs.After his supposed allies failed to join him, the emperor initiated negotiations that lasted for months with the mediation of Casimir III. <mask> and <mask> met in Uherské Hradit on 8 May 1363. <mask> invaded Bosnia in the spring of 1363. The fortress did not surrender when the army under the command of Nicholas Kont and Nicholas Apti laid siege to it. As the royal seal was stolen during the siege, a new seal was made and all <mask>'s former charters were to be confirmed with the new seal. The army under <mask>'s command tried to capture Sokolac, but couldn't. Hungarian troops came back to Hungary in the same month.<mask> of Cyprus requested a crusade against the Muslim powers on 31 March 1363. <mask> was urged to join the crusade by Urban V, who said that he was a powerful monarch and a Christian. <mask> was asked by the pope to support the collection of the tax on the church revenues in Hungary. <mask> made every effort to stop the activities of the papal tax collectors, stating that he needed resources to cover the costs of his future wars against the infidels and the pope's enemies in Italy. In 1364, <mask> and Emperor Charles of Austria signed a treaty that ended their conflicts. The congress where <mask> of Cyprus tried to convince a dozen European monarchs to join the crusade was attended by <mask>. <mask> failed to fulfill his promise and was the only monarch to do so.If <mask> died without a male issue, his successor in Poland would be confirmed at the congress. <mask> invited a distant relative of his, Charles of Durazzo, to Hungary in 1364, but did not make the young prince his official heir. The legal proceedings between the Jews and those who had seized their houses lasted for years after <mask> allowed the Jews to return to Hungary. The armies of <mask> were assembled in February 1365. He was planning to invade Wallachia because the new voivode refused to obey him. He headed a campaign against <mask>ir, the ruler of the Bulgaria's Tsardom of Vidin, which may have yielded to him. In May or June, <mask> imprisoned <mask>.Within three months, his troops occupied <mask>'s realm, which was organized into a separate border province, under the command of Hungarian lords. The Byzantine Emperor, John V Palaiologos, went to <mask> in Buda in order to help against the Ottoman Turks. This was the first time a Byzantine Emperor left his empire to ask for help. The emperor refused to dismount and take off his hat at the first meeting with

masks:
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III
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LouisJoanna
I
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Albert II
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Innocent VI
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Rudolf IV
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Charles IV
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Peter I
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Peter I
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Ivan Sratsim
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Ivan Stratsimir
Ivan Stratsimir
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texts: <mask>. Neither John V nor <mask> fulfilled their promises to promote the union of the Byzantine Church with the Papacy. Before the emperor guaranteed the Church union, Pope Urban told <mask> not to send help to Constantinople. Between June and September 1366, <mask> stayed in Transylvania.He issued a decree allowing the noblemen of Transylvania to make judgments against malefactors from any nation. He said that the testimony of a knez who received a royal charter of grant weighed the same as that of a nobleman. <mask> granted the district of Fogaras to a man who had accepted his suzerainty. Tvrtko I of Bosnia accepted <mask>'s suzerainty after Hungarian troops helped him regain his throne. <mask> tried to convert his pagan subjects to Catholicism. According to John of Kkll, the conversion of the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hungary a century before was completed during his reign. The Franciscan friars were sent to the new banate in order to convert the local Orthodox population.Serbian priests were ordered to be rebaptised in 1366. Only Roman Catholics were allowed to hold landed property in the district of Sebes. <mask> and his mother established dozens of new monasteries for the religious orders. The establishment of a university in Pécs was approved by Pope Urban V after <mask>'s request. The university was closed by 1390 because <mask> did not arrange enough revenues. <mask>ir was the half-brother of the former ruler of Vidin. The blockade was imposed by their armies.Nicholas Lackfi was ordered to invade Wallachia by <mask> in the autumn of 1368. The voivode's army was killed by the Wallachians in the valley of the Ialomia River. <mask>'s campaign against Wallachia from the west was a success. <mask> was restored by <mask>. <mask> sent his two daughters as hostages to Hungary because he swore loyalty to <mask>. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He devoted more time to praying and religious contemplation after that.The papal legate stated after his meeting with <mask> that he had never seen a monarch like him. He neglected the Balkans and changed the priorities of his foreign policy. The treaty against <mask> was signed in February 1369. The coalition against the emperor and the Habsburgs was formed at their next meeting in Pressburg. The Wittelsbachs broke off the coalition in September 1370 after Emperor <mask> persuaded them. On November 5, 1370, <mask> of Poland died. After his uncle's funeral, <mask> ordered the erection of a monument to the dead king.On 17 November, he was crowned king of Poland. The duchies of Sieradz, czyca and Dobrzy were given to his grandson, the Duke of Pomerania. The Polish prelates and lords were in favor of keeping Poland together. After making his Polish mother regent, <mask> returned to Hungary in December. <mask> was accompanied by his uncle's two surviving daughters and the Polish Crown Jewels were transferred to Buda, which caused discontent among his new subjects. In 1370, seventeen years after their marriage, <mask>'s wife gave birth to a daughter, Catherine, while Mary was born. <mask> tried to protect his daughters' right to succeed him.The Hungarian army invaded Moravia after <mask> interceded on the duke's behalf. After the duke and the emperor signed a peace treaty, <mask> and the emperor agreed upon the betrothal of their children. The Serbian armies were destroyed in the Battle of Marica. One of the Serbian lords swore loyalty to <mask>. Pope <mask> told <mask> to resist the Ottomans and to send reinforcements to Italy to fight against Bernab Visconti. In the summer of 1372, a war broke out between the Republic of Venice and the Lord of Padova, who was an ally of <mask>. <mask> sent reinforcements to Italy.<mask> signed a peace treaty with the Venetians after they defeated the Hungarian troops at Treviso. Talks of <mask>'s succession in Poland began in the autumn of 1373. After a year of negotiations, he issued the Privilege of Koszyce on 17 September 1374, reducing the tax that Polish noblemen paid to the king and promising a remuneration to noblemen who participated in foreign military campaigns. The Polish lords agreed to allow <mask>'s daughters to inherit Poland. The prince of Wallachia, Radu I, had formed an alliance with the rulers of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. The Hungarian army routed the Wallachians and their allies, and <mask> occupied the Banate of Severin. The Banat was pillaged by the Ottomans during the summer.The Lackfis' influence waned in the middle of the 1370s and new favorites emerged in the royal court. In 1373, James Szepesi was appointed judge royal and Nicholas Garay became the palatine. The power structure of central government was changed to make it more centralized. <mask>'s "secret seal", that he had always taken with him during his wars and journeys, was declared authentic and he gave it to the secret chancellor who was always with him. The great seal in the king's name was used by the Lord Chancellor. The Bishop of Zagreb was the first to hold this office. The court of the king's special presence was headed by the Lord Chancellor.The master of the treasury was the one who headed the court of appeal for the towns. The master of the treasury's financial duties were taken over by a new official. In November 1376, theLithuanians made raids in Halych, Lodomeria, and Poland. The queen mother, Elizabeth, was the target of a riot in December. The queen- mother was forced to flee to Hungary after the rioters slaughtered her servants. Wadysaw the White, Duke of Gniewkowo, who was a male member of the royal Piast dynasty, announced his claim to the Polish crown. <mask> made the pretender abbot of the Pannonhalma Archabbey after his partisans defeated them.The governor of Poland was appointed by <mask>. In the summer of 1377, <mask> invaded the territories held by George. After beingsieging it for seven weeks, <mask> captured George's seat, Belz. He incorporated the territories into the Kingdom of Hungary. Two princes of Podolia, Alexander and Boris accepted <mask>'s suzerainty. Tvrtko <mask> of Bosnia was crowned King of Serbia, Bosnia and the Coastland in 1377. Tvrtko's coronation can't be decided.There was a war between Venice and Genoa. The regular base of the Genoese fleet was Trogir, which became an important theater of war. <mask> sent reinforcements to fight against the Venetians. The rise of the Western Schism was caused by the election of a new pope, <mask>, by the cardinals who had turned against Pope Urban VI. <mask> offered to support <mask> in his fight against his opponents in Italy. Pope Urban excommunicated and dethroned her after she joined <mask>'s camp. Charles of Durazzo was acknowledged by the pope as the lawful king of Naples.After Charles of Durazzo promised that he would not claim Hungary against <mask>'s daughters, <mask> dispatched him to invade Southern Italy at the head of a large army. The Kingdom of Naples was occupied by Charles of Durazzo within a year. The envoys of Venice and <mask> began negotiations on a new peace treaty in August of 1341. Venice promised to pay 7,000 golden florins as an annual tribute to Hungary, according to the treaty. The relics of St Paul of Thebes were to be transferred from Venice to the new monastery. In the first half of the 13th century, there were military actions in Lodomeria and Wallachia, but no further information was kept. The representatives of the Polish prelates and lord were invited by <mask> to a meeting in Zlyom.The Poles swore their loyalty to Mary and Sigismund on 25 July 1382. <mask> died in Nagyszombat in the night of September 10 or 11. The Székesfehérvr Cathedral had a chapel built upon his orders. Margaret was the oldest child of Charles, Margrave of Moravia and his first wife, Blanche of Valois. Margaret was born in 1335. The exact date of the marriage of <mask> and Margaret is not known. Margaret died childless in 1349.According to the Chronicle of Parthénope, the princes who imprisoned <mask> in Southern Italy proposed that he marry Mary, the younger sister of QueenJoanna I. She was the widow of Charles of Durazzo, who was executed by <mask>. During the siege of Aversa in the summer of 1350, <mask> met her envoy in the nearby Trentola-Ducenta and the terms of their marriage were accepted. Mary was forced to marry Robet of Baux after <mask> left Southern Italy. <mask> married his second wife, Elizabeth, in June 1353. Stephen's wife, Elizabeth of Kuyavia, was the daughter of Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia. The degree of kinship that <mask> and his new wife were within was restricted by the fact that <mask>'s mother and his wife's grandmother were cousins.The haste suggests that Elizabeth, who had been living in the court of <mask>'s mother, was pregnant at the time of the marriage. The first child of <mask> and his wife was stillborn. Catherine was born in 1370 and died in 1378. Mary would succeed <mask> in Hungary. The youngest daughter of <mask> became queen regnant of Poland. The epithet "great" was given to the only Hungarian monarch. He was mentioned in Hungarian chronicles in the 14th and 15th centuries and in a 17th-century genealogy of the Capetians.His successful military campaigns contributed to the development of his fame as a "great king". During his reign, <mask> waged wars almost every year. "<mask> always desired peace at home and war abroad for neither can be made without the other", according to Antonio Bonfini's late 15th-century chronicle. According to historian Enik Csukovits, <mask>'s military actions show that he continued and accomplished his father's policy through the recovery of Croatia and Dalmatia. Pl Engel says that <mask>'s expeditions often lacked a realistic goal and sometimes even a reasonable it was war that gave him pleasure. In the age of Romantic nationalism, Hungary was described as an empire whose shores were washed by three seas. The poet Sndor Petfi referred to <mask>'s reign as a period when "the falling stars of the north, the east and the south were all extinguished in Hungarian seas".Poland's borders did not extend to the Baltic Sea and <mask>'s suzerainty along the northwestern shores of the Black Sea was uncertain. There were two different evaluations of <mask>'s reign in Poland. The "pessimistic" tradition can be traced back to the views of the late 14th-century Jan of Czarnkw, who was exiled from Poland during <mask>'s reign. During <mask>'s reign, the royal officials pillaged the property of the poor people and there was no stability in the Kingdom of Poland. According to the "optimistic" historiographic tradition, <mask> continued the policy of preserving the unity of Poland against the magnates of Greater Poland with the assistance of lords from Lesser Poland. John of Kkll said that <mask> "ruled neither with passion, nor with arbitrariness, but rather as the guardian of righteousness". <mask> was described as a king who was wandering among his subjects in disguise to protect them from the royal officials.The foundations of the Poles' freedom were laid by <mask>, according to Jan of Czarnkw. New palaces and castles built at Zlyom, Disgyr and <mask>'s other favorite hunting places were "masterpieces of the highest European standards" according to historian Lszl Kontler. The Illuminated Chronicle preserved the text of earlier chronicles. Hungarian workshops excelled during <mask>'s reign, as evidenced by the 147 miniatures decorating the Illuminated Chronicle. The Annals of Jan Dugosz was written by Maurice Michael. Im Publications. The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle was published in 1970.Corvina is the publisher of Taplinger Publishing. 1326 births 1382 deaths 14th-century Polish monarchs Hungarian Roman Catholics Polish Roman Catholics Burials at the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary House of

masks:
Louis
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Ivan Sratsim
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Ivan Stratsimir
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Charles IV
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Casimir III
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Gregory XI
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texts: He was a planter, slave trader, and merchant after moving with his family to South Carolina. He built several plantations in the Spanish colony of Florida. He was a member of the Florida Territorial Council after it was acquired by the United States. The Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, run by the United States National Park Service, is where he lived for 25 years. He allowed his slaves the chance to be hired out and purchase their freedom. He explained in a pamphlet Treatise, healthy, beautiful children that he was in favor of interracial marriage. Four enslaved African women were taken as concubines or common-law wives by him.The marital status of the others does not seem to have been an issue since he claimed to have married one of them. Since the women were slaves, what <mask> did with them was not unusual. There were no white children with him. He educated his children to high standards and worked to ensure he could settle his estate on them and his wives, his first wife was 13 years old when he purchased her in Havana. He never said of his three other concubines or common-law wives that he had married her. It was not a legal Catholic marriage, as that would have produced documentation, and it was performed in Cuba. He trusted Anna Jai to run his plantation when he was away from it.He was deeply invested in the Spanish system of slavery because of his interracial family and business interests. In the French colonies, a class of free people of color were given certain rights, and multiracial children were allowed to inherit property from white fathers. When compared to other people of African descent in North America, the free people of color in Florida had an elevated status. When Spanish Florida became Florida Territory in 1821, <mask> became a member of the territorial legislature. He tried to convince the new territorial government to maintain the special status of the population of free people of color, who were mostly multi-racial. In 1828, he published a pamphlet that defended a system of slavery that would allow slaves to purchase their freedom, and give rights to free blacks and free people of color. Faced with American laws that forbade interracial marriage, and discouraged "free people of color" being allowed to stay or settle in the state, between 1835 and 1837, <mask> relocated his large family to Haiti.Mayorasgo de Koka, Kingley's former plantation, is in the Dominican Republic. After his death, his estate in Florida was the subject of dispute between his widow Anna Jai and other members of his family, but she was successful in gaining the estate he had bequeathed to her. He casually changed nationalities. At different times in his life, he was a British citizen, a US citizen, and a Spanish citizen. He was the second of eight children to be born in Bristol, England, the second of which was a Quaker from London. The family moved to the Colony of South Carolina in the 17th century. The father was a successful merchant in Charleston, South Carolina.He was sent to London at the age of 15 for his education and later purchased several properties throughout the colonies and Caribbean islands. He owned hundreds of slaves and thousands of acres of land. Like other British loyalists, he was forced to leave South Carolina with his family, and his properties and business were seized by the new government. After the American Revolutionary War, the Crown gave him some land in compensation for his losses, and he became a successful merchant again. In 1793, his son returned to Charleston, South Carolina, and began a career as a shipping merchant. During the Haitian Revolution, coffee was his main interest as an export crop. While Haiti was working to create a society based on former slaves transitioning into free citizens, he lived there.There were recurring political unrest in the Caribbean islands. His business interests were affected by the instability. After Indian removal, new cotton plantations in the Deep South increased the domestic demand for slaves. Africans were to be traded as slaves between America, Brazil, and the West Indies. He became a citizen of the Danes in the West Indies in 1798. Although the US banned the African slave trade in 1807, he continued to trade slaves and other goods into the 19th century. Many African slaves were smuggled into the U.S. through Florida after <mask> became a citizen of Spanish Florida.In order to populate Florida, the governor of Spain offered land to the settlers, but they were turned down. He decided to purchase a farm for $5,300 after waiting. The main entrance was a dock on Doctors Lake, which is south of Orange Park. The property was immediately cultivated by <mask> after he arrived with 10 slaves. He got a large land grant because he brought 74 slaves to Florida. The plantation produced oranges, cotton, corn, potatoes, and peas. The first slaves were brought from South Carolina.As Spain continued with the slave trade in its colonies, he acquired 100 slaves from Africa via Cuba. Slave buyers were able to charge 50 percent more than the market price per slave because of the training the slaves were given. Slaves were trained in blacksmithing, carpentry, cotton ginning, and field work. The slaves were not allowed to participate in Christian religious worship. He claimed that all the late insurrections of slaves were traced to influential preachers. Anta Majigeen Ndiaye, also known as Anna Madgigine Jai, was purchased from Cuba in 1806 by one of Florida's most flamboyent slaveholders. He married her in an African ceremony in Havana after purchasing her.It wasn't a Catholic marriage and it wasn't legally recognized by Spanish Florida or the United States during their lives. In his absence, he depended on Anna to run the plantation. Mark Fleszar writes that the interpretation of how much Anna managed was "deserves caution". Other details of his life that he gave to Lydia Maria Child are questionable. The request to free Anna and their three mixed-race children was granted by the Spanish government. The $10,000 earned by the plantation in one year was an extraordinary amount for Florida. St. John's Bluff, San Jose, and Beauclerc are on the opposite side of the river.Anna was given five acres in Florida by the Spanish government after gaining freedom. She bought slaves to help farm it. After the Atlantic trade was banned, the shipping industry, including the coastwise trade, related to his large-scale domestic slave trading, continued in the US. When the ship was captured by the U.S. Coast Guard, the international slave trade was abolished. The Coast Guard didn't know what to do with so many people, so they turned them over to the only person in the area who could care for them. In an attempt to annex Florida to the United States, American forces, American-supplied Creek, and rebels from Georgia crossed the border into the Spanish colony and began raiding the few settlements in northeast Florida. The black people they captured were enslaved.The Americans captured <mask> and forced him to sign an endorsement of the rebellion. The owner of the Fort George Plantation accused him of financially supporting the war. The accusation was likely politically motivated, as <mask> resigned his position on the Territorial Council, and McIntosh was angry about the public treatment he had received since the war for his role in it. It was used as a base to raid other plantations and nearby towns. The person left the area. After assuring her safety with the Spanish forces, Anna Jai burned the plantation down so the rebels could not use it; she took her children and a dozen slaves aboard a Spanish gunboat to escape the conflict. Anna Jai received a grant from the Spanish government for her loyalty.They lived on Fort George Island for 25 years after moving there in 1814. The last child of Anna and <mask> was born on Fort George Island in 1824. Three younger enslaved women were taken as common-law wives and fathered children with at least two of them, totaling nine children in all. He freed each of the women who were slaves, including Sarah, who brought her son, and Munsilna, who brought her daughter. The historian said that the family was complex at best. Anna was the only woman named in his will. Historians consider Flora, Sarah, and Munsila to be "lesser wives" or "co- wives" with Anna."Concubines" is a more accurate description of their status. All of his children were lavished with affection and attention. He could not afford the best European teaching. Anna sat at the head of the table and the visitors were surrounded by healthy and handsome children in the parlor. There was a main house and a two-story structure on the plantation. There was a kitchen on the ground floor and living quarters on the second. The custom was for Anna and her children to live there.oranges, sea island long-staple cotton, indigo, okra, and other vegetables were produced by the plantation. Each slave had a quota of work and was managed under the task system. They were allowed to do what they wanted when they were done. Some slaves were allowed to cultivate and sell vegetables from their personal gardens. The cabins were made from tabby, which made them durable, insulated, and inexpensive. The cabins were close to the main house. Slaves were allowed to build porches that faced away from the main house.Slave quarters in the antebellum South did not have these features. A patriarchal feeling of affection is due to every slave from his owner, who should consider the slave as a member of his family. Following the transfer of Florida from Spain to the United States in 1821, Florida's Territorial Council began to establish an American government. In keeping with the extinguishing of Indian land claims in other parts of the Southeast in this period, the Council focused on allowing immigrants to Florida access to the ceded by Spain. Plantations were built by slaves in the central part of Florida. The Americans imposed a caste system that they had developed. The standing practice in which <mask> was invested, which was based on Spanish law as implemented in Florida, supported three social tiers: whites, free people of color, and slaves.The Spanish government allowed mixed-race children to inherit property. Monroe did not appoint him to the new Council until the following year after the Territorial Governor had recommended him. Florida's nonvoting delegate to Congress before the territory was admitted as a state recommended him. To consider the duties of masters of slaves and the duties of slaves and free persons of color, and the regulations necessary for their government, a three-person committee was appointed on June 2. The committee couldn't agree and asked that it be discharged. People of color should have some rights even if they are less than whites in Florida. He stated in his Address to the Council that his personal safety as well as the permanent condition of our Slave property depends on our good policy in making it the interest of our free colored population to be attached to good order and have a friendly environment.The Council wouldn't agree to rights for free blacks and mixed-race people, so he resigned. He was no longer a member in 1824. The council enacted strict laws that separated the races, and <mask> became worried about his future and the rights of his family. Florida by 1860 encouraged free blacks to leave the state because they were a threat to slavery. The pamphlet titled A Treatise on the Patriarchal or Co-operative System of Society as it Exists in some Governments and Colonies in America, and in the United States, under the Name of Slavery, was published by Kingley's Treatise to address these issues. The first edition was titled "An inhabitant of Florida". His name was added to the 2nd edition because he is a "slave owner" who has lived in Florida for the last 25 years in order to increase the value of his property.The second edition of the pamphlet was published in 1829. Slavery is a necessary state of control from which no condition of society can be perfectly free. The term is applicable to and fits all grades and conditions in almost every point of view. When slavery is associated with cruelty, it is an abomination, and when it is joined with benevolence and justice, it amalgamates with the ordinary conditions of life. He wrote that Africans were better suited for labor in hot climates than Europeans were, and that their happiness was maximized when they were tightly controlled. He said that people of mixed race were healthier and more beautiful than either Africans or Europeans, and considered mixed-race children a step against an impending race war. The reception to his pamphlet was mixed.Some people believed that the support of a free class of blacks was a sign of the abolition of slavery. Abolitionists wrote that the planter should conclude that slavery must be eradicated because the arguments for it were weak. Lydia Child, a New York-based abolitionist, included <mask> in 1836 on a list of people who perpetuated the "evils of slavery". The decline of his reputation in Florida is thought to have been caused by the treatise. He was involved in a political scandal with the first governor of Florida. After the planter petitioned to have DuVal removed from his office for corruption, the governor was quoted in newspapers making critical remarks about the planter's motives and mixed-race family. After trying to persuade the new government of Florida to give rights for free people of color, including the right of mixed-race children to inherit property from their fathers, he began to think that the independent republic of Haiti was more suited to what he wanted to achieve.Free blacks from across the Americas were offered land and citizenship by the Haiti's government. Under a just and prudent system of management, negroes are safe, permanent, productive and growing property, and easily governed; that they are not naturally desirous of changes, but are sober, discreet, honest. Mark Fleszar said that the praise of Haiti's new system and his defense of slavery was notable. He said that the paradoxes in <mask>'s thinking indicated a "disordered" view of the world. He was determined to create the society he had written about. In the event of his death, holdings in the name of Anna, Sarah, McGundo, and their mixed-race children could be taken away. George and six of his slaves traveled to Haiti to look for land.The northeastern shore of the island is now the Puerto Plata Province of the Dominican Republic. The Mayorasgo de Koka plantation had more than 50 slaves from the Fort George Island plantation. In Haiti, the workers were contracted to work as indentured servants, who would earn full freedom after nine years of labor. In the next two years, he relocated to Haiti with most of his family. Two of his daughters stayed in Florida after they married white planters. He boarded a ship in New York City to conduct business after visiting his family in Haiti. After arriving in New York City, his death was recorded and he was buried in a cemetery.He left a large portion of his land to his wives and children, which was immediately challenged by his white relatives. One of the family members who tried to have all of <mask>'s family of African descent excluded from his will was his niece, Anna McNeill. No remaining slaves should be separated from their families, and they should be given the chance to purchase their freedom at half their market price, according to <mask>'s will. Anna Madgigine Jai, who kept her African name through the marriage, returned to Florida in 1846 to fight her white relatives in court. She was successful because of the state and local policy that was hostile toward freed slaves or blacks of any status. Anna Jai fled to New York as she supported the Union after a brief period in Florida during the U.S. Civil War. She returned to Florida after the war.Anna Madgigine Jai died on a farm in the Arlington neighborhood of Jacksonville in 1870. She was buried in a grave that was not marked. After the Civil War, the Fort George plantation was sold. After the Civil War, the island was purchased by another planter. The Florida Park Service acquired the island in 1955. The oldest standing plantation house in Florida, Ma'am Anna House, and the barn were relatively undamaged over the years. The slave quarters did as well.The Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve was established by the National Park Service in 1988. Sources Bennett, Charles. Mark Fleszar is the author of Twelve on the River St. The Politics of Race in the Atlantic World is covered in The Atlantic Mind. M.A. The thesis is from Georgia State University. The Inhabitant of Florida is prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesied to be prophesiedThe book was published in the year 1823. A Treatise on the Co-operative System of Society as it Exists in Some Governments, and Colonies in American, and the United States Under the Name of Slavery With its Necessary Advantages was published in 2005. Michael Gannon wrote the ed. The year 1996. The University Press of Florida has a new history of Florida. Daniel L. Schafer. The University Press of Florida published Anna Madgigine <mask>: African Princess, Florida Slave, Plantation Slaveowner.Daniel Stowell wrote an ed. The year 2000. The University Press of Florida has a book on balancing evil and good. Daniel and Kathy were married in 1998. There is a history of Fort George Island Plantation. There are External links to the University of Florida and the Kingsley Plantation Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve.

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texts: The influential book Love and Will was written by <mask>. He and Viktor Frankl were major proponents of existential psychotherapy. Paul Tillich had a significant influence on his work. <mask>'s works include Love and Will as well as The Meaning of Anxiety and The Courage to Be. <mask> was born in Ohio on April 21, 1909. His parents divorced and his sister was diagnosed with a mental illness. He was the son of a family.His mother often left the children to care for themselves, and with his sister suffering from schizophrenia, he bore a great deal of responsibility. He was kicked out of Michigan State University due to his involvement in a radical student magazine. He received a bachelor's degree in English after being asked to leave. He taught in Greece for three years. His later work shares theoretical similarities with that of Alfred Adler. After coming back to the United States, he became a minister and then left the ministry to pursue a degree in psychology. He spent 18 months in a sanatorium after being diagnosed with Tuberculosis.He graduated from Teachers College, Columbia University with a PhD in clinical psychology in 1949. <mask> was a founding faculty member of the Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center. He lived in Tiburon for the final years of his life. <mask> died of heart failure at the age of 85. He was attended by his wife and friends. <mask> used his first book, The Art of Counseling, to talk about his experience of counseling. He looks at topics such as religion, personality problems, and mental health.<mask> talks about how to handle certain types of issues if a counselor encounters them. The Springs of Creative Living: A Study of Human Nature and God claims that personality is deeper than the work of others. <mask> has a meaning for different terms such as libido. <mask> talks about god and humanity in May 1940. The meaning of anxiety is explored in this book. <mask> believes that experiencing anxiety can aid development and that dealing with it appropriately can lead to a healthy personality. In this book <mask> talks about his experience with his patients and the recurring problems they had in common such as loneliness and emptiness.<mask> talks about how humans have an innate need for a sense of value and how life can often present an overwhelming sense of anxiety. <mask> gives signposts on how to act during these periods. <mask>'s part of the book examines where the roots of Existential Psychology may have begun and why Existential Psychology is important in understanding a gap that lies in human beings. He talks about the contributions that Existential Psychotherapy has made. Despite the book's publication date, <mask> uses it to reflect on a lot of his ideas so far and those of other people. Some of <mask>'s previous perspectives include anxiety and people's feelings of insignificance. Love and Will is one of <mask>'s most influential books.He talks about how nature is 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- <mask> talks about how sex and love are not the same. <mask> talks about depression and creativity at the end. <mask> is best known for the views in this book. <mask> uses this book to start some new ideas and also define words according to his way of thinking, such as power and physical courage and how power holds the potential for both human goodness and human evil. <mask> explores the idea of civilization stemming out of rebellion. In Paulus: Reminiscence of a Friendship, <mask> recalls Paul Tillich's life trying to focus just on the key moments over the eight chapters, taking a psychoanalytic approach to the tale.<mask> encourages people to face their fears in order to reach their full potential. <mask> focuses on the area of freedom and destiny in this book. He looks at what freedom might offer, as well as how destiny is imposing limitations on us, but also how the two have an interdependence. <mask> draws on artists and poets to invoke what he is saying. Freud's perspective is included in The Discovery of Being: Writings in Existential Psychology. <mask> looks at how Psychoanalyses and Existentialism may have come from the same areas of thinking. It is important to look for stability with strong feelings of anxiety.<mask> discusses his opinions on the power of beauty in his memoir. He believes that beauty must be understood and valued in the world. Argued in this book is <mask>'s belief that humans can use myths to help them make sense of their lives, based on cases studies <mask> uses from his patients. <mask> talks about how useful this could be to those who need direction. Two days before <mask>'s death, he edited an advanced copy of The Psychology of Existence. Kirk Schneider co-authored it to bring some life back into Existential Psychology. This is a similar book to some previous ones, it talks of existential psychotherapy and targets scholars.In 1970, <mask>'s most popular work, Love and Will, became a best-seller. <mask> won an award from the American Psychological Association. The Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Award was presented to him by the New York Society of Clinical Psychologists. The American Psychological Foundation gave him a gold medal for lifetime contributions to professional psychology. <mask> was influenced by both North American humanism and Freud's philosophy. Otto Rank was considered to be the most important part of existential therapy. <mask> wrote the foreword to Robert Kramer's edited collection of Rank's American lectures.<mask> wrote that Otto Rank was the great unacknowledged genius in Freud's circle. Abraham Maslow, who provided a good base for <mask>'s studies and theories as an existentialist, is often grouped with <mask>. <mask> further explore the awareness of the serious dimensions of a human's life. <mask> agreed with many of the ideas from Fromm. Fromm studied how people avoid anxiety by conforming to society. <mask> based many of his studies on Fromm's focus on self-expression and free will. <mask> defined certain stages of development like Freud did.The stages are not as strict as Freud's psychosexual stages, but they signify a sequence of major issues in each individual's life. An innocent can have a degree of will to fulfill needs. Rebellion is when a person wants freedom, but doesn't have a good understanding of the responsibility that goes with it. The normal adult ego learns responsibility but finds it too demanding and seeks refuge in traditional values. The stages of development that <mask> <mask> set out are not stages in the conventional sense. The qualities from these stages can be presented by both children and adults. <mask>'s ideas about world aspects influenced his theories.The first aspect is called Umwelt and it describes the world around us. Umwelt teaches us about fate and destiny. The world is described as including the physical world where meaning is derived from constantly shifting relationships. When we are taught about the role of responsibility and how to manipulate others, this aspect of the world starts to influence us as children. The "own world" refers to the psychological realm where individuals related to themselves. This is where self-exploration, self-knowing, self-reflection, and self-identity are created. This aspect of the world teaches us self-awareness.Our perception of the world and environment is shaped by these aspects. In <mask>'s book The Meaning of Anxiety, he defined anxiety as the apprehension of a threat to some value which the individual holds essential to his existence as a self. He said thatAnxiety is the dizziness of freedom. <mask> was placed in a sanatorium for treatment of Tuberculosis and his interest in anxiety grew as a result. There, he saw patients with fear and anxiety. May concluded that anxiety is essential for individual growth. We must use anxiety to develop our humanity and live a life of dignity because it is something that we cannot escape.He believed that the feelings of threat and powerlessness associated with anxiety motivated humans to act courageously instead of conforming to the comforts of modern life. The opportunity for humans to live life to the fullest was created by anxiety. <mask> proposed that anxiety could be reduced by internalizing it as fear. He claimed that if you shift anxiety to a fear, you can remove the fear of the object. <mask>'s thoughts on love are documented in his book. Love and Will deals with love and sex in humans. He believed that love and sex should be classified as one ideology.There are five types of love: libido, which is Biological function that can be satisfied through sexual intercourse or some other release of sexual tension. There is a psychological desire to create through an enduring union with a loved one. Philia is a friendship between two people. Esteem for the other, concern for the other's welfare beyond any gain that one can get out of it, disinterested love, typically, the love of God for man. Manic is a love that is emotionally driven. Feelings are cold and hot. The relationship can be thriving and perfect or bitter and ugly.<mask> criticized the "Sexual Revolution" when people began to explore their sexuality. The ideology of free love was replaced by the term Free Sex. <mask> think that love is intentional willed by an individual. <mask> explained that freedom came from resisting sexual impulses, not giving in to sexual impulses. Hippie counterculture as well as commercialization of sex and pornography influenced society to see a difference between love and sex. While avoiding the natural drive to relate to another person and create new life, it became socially acceptable to seek sexual relationships. <mask> believed that sexual freedom caused modern society to neglect important psychological developments.According to May, guilt occurs when people deny their potentialities, fail to perceive the needs of others or are unaware of their dependency on the world. Issues with one's existence in the world are included in both anxiety and guilt. <mask> mentioned that they both refer to the nature of being and not to the feelings coming from situations. Feist and Feist outline <mask>'s three forms of guilt. Each form relates to one of the three modes of being. When the world becomes more technologically advanced, people are less concerned about nature and become removed from nature, which leads to Umwelt's form of guilt. Failure to see things from other's point of view is what makes Mitwelt's form of guilt.We feel inadequate in our relations with others because we don't understand their needs. Our own potentialities or failure to fulfill them are connected to Eigenwelt's form of guilt. Our relationship with the self is what causes this guilt. No one can completely fulfill their potentialities, that's why this form of guilt is universal. The end of the 20th century saw a break away from the Jungian, Freudian and other influences of psychoanalytic thought, and this caused a crisis in the world of psychotherapy. The real focus needed to be looking at'man in the world', where the real focus needed to be put too much stock into the self. <mask> wanted the use of existential therapy over individually created techniques for psychotherapy.Freud, Jung, Rank, and Adler were the progenitors of modern psychotherapy in the late 20th century. <mask> believed that modern psychotherapy isolated and cured specific patient symptoms. Minor problems, not deep psychological issues, emphasize the self. The disadvantage of treating gimmicks is that they distract patients from their real problems. Therapist boredom is caused by two to three years of treating gimmicks which lead them to create more. <mask> believed that they were designed to destroy society. <mask> believes that the work of many great philosophers is no longer relevant because they focus on tricks.<mask> believed in the future of therapy. Freud, Jung, Rank, and Adler sought to bring the unconscious to the conscious. Between age one and two, the conscious developed with the unconscious lying at the outer reaches of the conscious. Patients were able to internalize their experiences in a more sensitive and intellectual manner with the help of existential psychotherapy. Natural concepts like death, love, fear are related to how individuals can fit into the world around them. <mask> <mask> voiced his criticisms of the ever-growing field of Existential Psychology two years after it became a known domain of psychology. These unconstructive trends were the concepts that he believed would hinder the profession as it developed.Five unconstructive trends were identified by May. The idea that the psychology could not be specialized to a specific group is not true. Existential psychology is not therapy. Existential psychology is not the same as Zen Buddhism. The anti-scientific tendencies of psychiatrists. Modern therapy would be ruined by the widespread "wild eclecticism". May believed that the society tried to understand what it meant to be human.It was immoral to attempt to quantify it. <mask> believed this process was removing the humility from the human experience because it rationalized individual guilt so that the individual could feel relived from what was troubling them. The second unconstructive trend, which builds on the first trend, emphasized the fact that existential psychology is not a system of therapy. An attitude towards human beings is what it is. Existential psychology wants to understand the structure of human beings. <mask> believed that the differences between Zen Buddhism and existential psychology were overstated. Existential psychology brings awareness to the problems of anxiety, tragedy, guilt, and the reality of evil.Attempting to by-pass these problems using Zen Buddhist techniques would cause a loss of sense of self and confidence in capacity for free will. <mask> believed that if we face problems head on, we make peace with them and assign meaning. May detested the anti-scientific tendencies of psychologists. The time period when distrust for reason was widespread is when such tendencies become popular. <mask> argued that science is a part of the universe and that we must accept it. <mask> thought that the increase in wild eclecticism would ruin therapeutic practice. <mask> believed that therapeutic techniques were unimportant to the therapy process.May advocated for therapeutic techniques if they held clear presuppositions and were administered in an undogmatic manner. May believed that Constructive Trends in Existential Psychology would further the understanding of existential psychology. The central role of decision making in the human experience is one of the five constructive trends identified by May. The drives and forces that motivated human beings were the focus of science at that time. Existential psychology sought to evaluate whole human beings. Existentialists should focus on the man to whom a drive or force is happening and the subsequent experiences of acting willfully, according to May. <mask> hoped that philosophers would understand anxiety, despair and other problems which rely on the totality of human experiences.<mask> appreciated the central role of decision making. Decision making may be seen as an act of the centered self. The experience freedom of choice is created by the fact that decisions cannot be made without consciousness. A human characteristic is the act of assigning value. <mask> looked at the problem of the ego. The Freudian ego was thought to be associated with the existential ego. <mask> thought that the ego worked with two other aspects of the person.The self, the subjective center where personal bias is shaped by experience, the person, the social center where we can relate with other people, and the ego, our individual perception of how the self relates to the person are identified. <mask>'s two constructive trends were not as developed as his other trends. <mask> agreed with two different psychology paradigms. <mask> liked the idea of the senses being a relationship between man and the world. The western world believed that the sense separated man from the natural world. <mask> praised the acceptance of normal anxiety. The need to accept normal guilt was emphasized by May.<mask> believed that guilt contributed to feelings of worthlessness. neurotic guilt could occur if not treated. The American Psychological Association published "Humanity's dark side: Evil, destructive experience, and psychotherapy". The University of the Rockies Press published "Existential psychology East-West". "<mask> <mask> on the Courage to create" was written in Media and Methods 10. "An integration of the existential understanding of anxiety in the writings of <mask> <mask>, Irvin Yalom, and Kirk Schneider" was written by De Castro. References and further reading include Rank, Otto, A Psychology of Difference: The American Lectures, edited and with an introductory essay by Robert.Friedman and Schustack wrote Personality: Classic Theories and Modern Research. There are external links to 1909 births and 1994 deaths of American psychologists.

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texts: <mask> was a Polish composer, music teacher, musicologist and musical columnist. He was the first Polish composer to use the twelve-tone composition technique. <mask> was born on November 28, 1896 in Stryj, Austria-Hungary. He studied music at the Academy of Music and the Performing Arts in Vienna from 1918 to 1924. Felix Weingartner and Paul Graener were his teachers. Koffler was a music teacher in Lww from 1928 to 1941. <mask> and Roman Haubenstock-Ramati studied together in Lww.The first Polish twelve-tone technique composer was <mask>. He must have been in contact with Edward Clark, the British conductor and former student of Arnold Schoenberg. The dedication was " mon ami Edward Clark". Koffler and his family were forcibly relocated to the ghetto in Poland after German troops entered the town. The date, location and manner of his death are not known. He and his family were killed at the beginning of 1944 by one of the German Einsatzgruppen, who were hiding in southern Poland. When Koffler was murdered in the Holocaust, most of his scores vanished.Two of his compositions were published after the war. They were released by the Polish editing house. They are the string trio. 10 and cantata love. There are 14. His work has been released on records. The UK premiere of Koffler's Goldberg Variations for small orchestra was given by the Royal Academy of Music, with Toronto's Glenn Gould School conducting.Slave songs (Chanson Slave) and two songs (Zwei Lieder) were written before 1918. There are 15 variations on a 12 tone series and a suite de douze tons. The letter Ode to Love and St. Paul was written by Ballet-OratoriumAlles. The Institute of Daily Correspondence is for dancers, Soprano and Baritone solo, choir and orchestra. The Elaboration of Polish Christmas carols for choir was dedicated to Edward Clark. Orchestration of the Goldberg variations of J.S. There are 30 variations on the theme of Passacaglia of Hndel.There are 15 variations on a 12 tone series and a 12 tone series op.9a. For dancers, Soprano and Baritone solo, choir and orchestra op.15 (1932),Capriccio for violin and piano op.18 (1936), andQuatre pomes for violin and piano op.21 (1935) Four pieces for children, before 1940, andUkrainian sketches for string quartet, before 1941. There is a Polish suite for chamber orchestra. There are 30 variations on the theme of Passacaglia of Hndel. There are 15 variations on a 12 tone series and a suite de douze tons. The Quatre pomes for violin and piano disappeared in1934.Orchestration of the Goldberg variations of J.S. Love (Die Liebe) cantata for voice was written by Zwei Lieder. Elaboration of Polish Christmas carols for choir is a work by Jzef Koffler. Jzef <mask>, Sonatine, and Joseph Holt played the piano in The Viennese School. Jzef Koffler performed Piano Works I and Acte Préalable in a concert at the Holocaust Memorial Museum. "Persecution and Re-discovery" There are concerts about the composers Max Brand, Alfred Goodman, Jzef <mask> and Ursula Mamlok.The name of the person is Folga, Zygmunt. Jzef Koffler wrote "Jzef Koffler's Twelve- Tone Serialism". Muzyka 4 was published in 1972 Jerzy Freiheiter. "Jzef Koffler." Muzyka 7–8 was published in 1936. "Creativity of Jzef Koffler - Problems with style organization" was written by Gob and Maciej.Verfemte ist. The Diktaturen is in the Jahrhunderts. Ed. J. Braun, V. Karbusicky, and H.T. There is a person named Hoffmann. The 1995 edition of Frankfurt am Main. The score was 205–217."Twelve-Tone Serialism" was written by Gob and Maciej. The Theory and Composition of the First Half of the Twentieth Century was studied. I polo wy XX wieku. Bydgoszcz was born in 1987. Gob, Maciej. "Jzef Koffler and the Viennese School" Muzyka 2 was published in 1996.Gob, Maciej. "Twelve- Tone serialism of Jzef Koffler" In der ersten Hlfte des 20., there is a polnisher Beitrag. Musik des Ostens was written in the Jahrhunderts. 167–179. Gob, Maciej. Jzef Koffler.Krakw: Iagellonica in 1995. The English translation of the Los Angeles: Polish Music Center was written by Maksymilian Kapelaski. Jzef Koffler. There is a score for solo voice, clarinet, viola and violoncello. The publisher is Cat. Language versions: Polish, German. Iwona Linstedt."Instrumentation and Form in the Symphonies of Jzef Koffler" is a forma. Muzyka 2 was published in 1996. Iwona Linstedt. The symphonies of Jzef Koffler have twelve-tone serialism. There is a person named Leszek. "The Press of Lvov on the Performances of Jzef <mask>'s Compositions" Muzyka 2 was published in 1996.There is a person named Leszek. The life and works of Jzef Koffler were covered in "The Soviet Period in the Life and Works of Jzef Koffler". Muzyka 1 was published in 1983. Muzyka 2 was released in 1996. The anniversary issue paid tribute to J. Koffler. Maria Zduniak. " Music and Activity of Jzef Koffler in the Interwar Period" is a book.zeszyty naukowe Akademii Muzycznej we Wrocawiu'' (Wrocaw, 1983): 37–59. The list of works by Jzef Koffler can be found in the digital library.

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Jzef Koffler
Koffler
Koffler
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texts: <mask> is an Italian fashion designer. He worked for many other companies, including Allegri, Bagutta and Hilton. He diversified his company into music, sport and luxury hotels. The most successful designer of Italian origin by 2001 was Armani. The world's tallest building is the Armani Hotel. He is the richest openly gay person in the world. Armani has an estimated net worth of $9.53 billion.<mask> was raised by his mother Maria Raimondi and father Ugo <mask> in the northern Italian town of Piacenza, where he was born. <mask> wanted to follow in the footsteps of Leonardo da Vinci and become a doctor after reading The Citadel. After three years at the University of Milan, he left and joined the army. He was assigned to the Military Hospital in Verona because of his medical background. He decided to look for a different career path. <mask> found a job at La Rinascente, a department store in Milan, after he left the armed forces. He gained valuable experience in the marketing aspect of the fashion industry when he became a seller for the Menswear department.In the 1960's, <mask> moved to the company where he designed clothes. <mask>'s skills were in demand, and for the next decade, while continuing to work for Cerutti, he also contributed designs to as many as ten manufacturers at a time. A personal and professional relationship that lasted for many years began in the late 1960s when Armani met an architectural draftsman. He opened a design office in Milan in 1973. <mask> worked as a designer for a number of fashion houses during the period of extensive collaboration. The international press quickly recognized Armani's importance after the runway shows at the Sala Bianca in the Pitti Palace in Florence. The experience gave <mask> the chance to develop his own style.On July 24, 1975, he founded Giorgio Armani S.p.A. in Milan with his friend. He presented his first collection of men's ready-to-wear for Spring and Summer 1976 under his own name. He produced a women's line as well. The 1978 agreement with GFT made it possible to produce luxury ready-to-wear in a manufacturing environment under the attentive supervision of the company's designer. The Main line for men and women was introduced by Armani after founding the Giorgio Armani Corporation. With the introduction of several new product lines, including G. A., the label became one of the leading names in international fashion. Giorgio Armani accessories, as well as Le Collezioni, Giorgio Armani Underwear and Swimwear.In the early 1980s, the company signed an important agreement with L'Oréal to create perfumes, followed by the introduction of the Armani Junior, Armani Jeans, and Emporio Armani lines. The first Giorgio Armani boutique opened in Milan, followed by a new store for the Emporio line. Armani's concern for the end user led to the development of a more youthful product with the same level of quality as his high-end line, but at a more accessible price. Armani felt that he had to make use of new and unconventional advertising methods because of the democratic nature of the Emporio line. These included television spots and enormous street ads, together with a house magazine that was sent out by mail to consumers, faithful Armani Eagle wearers. For promotional reasons and for the stimulation to creativity, Armani felt that a relationship with the cinema was essential. He collaborated with the world of film after designing the costumes for American Gigolo.The Untouchables was one of the most important of the hundred films that Armani designed costumes for. The designer changed his agreement with GFT. The high-end ready-to-wear line was rechristened Borgonuovo 21 after the address of the company's headquarters. Armani continued to expand commercial and licensing agreements despite the death of Galeotti. He opened Armani Japan and introduced a line of eyeglasses, socks, a gift collection, and a new "basic" men's and women's line for America known as A/X Armani Exchange. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the brand saw a flurry of investment activity, including stock sales and the acquisition of new manufacturing capacity intended to increase Armani's control. The Armani men's and women's skiwear and ski casualwear line was developed in 1995.Armani's attempt to break into the American mass market was represented by his 1991 project, A/X: Armani Exchange. In 1996 his friend Eric Clapton composed songs for Armani's fashion shows and has since dressed in Armani. Two Emporio Armani stores were opened in New York City. Armani hosted a party for the guitar auction. Armani planned to open his first store in China in 1998. The flagship store in Shanghai was opened in 2004, followed by a small shop in Beijing. New lines of cosmetics and home furnishings were introduced by <mask> in 2000.The Guggenheim Museum in New York hosted an exhibition of <mask>'s work with an average attendance of 29,000 a week. The "Goyesco", designed by <mask>, was worn by a Spanish bullfighter at the "Corrida Goyesca" in Spain. Several fashion shows and other events have been collaborated on by them. In 2009, Armani had a retail network of 60 Giorgio Armani boutiques, 11 Collezioni, 122 Emporio Armani, 94 A/X Armani Exchange, 1 Giorgio Armani Accessori, and 13 Armani Junior stores spread over 37 different countries. He has an annual turnover of $1.6 billion and a personal fortune of $8.1 billion. <mask> was the most successful designer of Italian origin. The red-carpet fashion was pioneered by Innovations Armani.The first designer to ban models with a body mass index under 18 was <mask>. On 24 January 2007, <mask> broadcast his collection live on the Internet, the first in the world of haute couture. The Armani Privé Spring/Summer 2007 fashion show was broadcast. Lady Gaga wears many stage outfits designed by <mask>, including those on her Born This Way Ball Tour. He has designed for many high-profile award shows, such as the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards. Armani Hotel Collection Giorgio Armani and Emaar Properties PJSC signed an agreement in 2005 to build and operate at least seven luxury hotels and three vacation resorts under the <mask>ani name. The interior design and style of the hotels would be overseen by <mask>.There are 160 guest rooms and suites at the Armani Hotel, which is located on the bottom 39 floors of the tallest building in the world. Within the skyscraper, <mask> is designing the interiors of the Armani Residences, as well as the specially designed line of products from the Armani/Casa home furnishings collection. An eclectic mix of conceptual sounds and underground rhythms can be found in the Emporio Armani Caff compilations. <mask> is interested in sports. He is the president of the basketball team and a fan of Inter Milan. He designed two suits for the England football team. Since August 2007, he has designed suits for the players of the London club.He designed the Italian flag bearer's outfits at the opening ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino, and also designed Italy's Olympic uniforms for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The EA7 range was designed by <mask> and was inspired by a Ukrainian footballer who played for A.C. Milan and wore the number 7 jersey. Armani created a new look for the Directors' Suite at the football club. <mask>ani entered into a multi-year sponsorship agreement as an official supplier. Armani will provide official and travel ensembles to members of the team in return for brand exposure and association with the world's number one brand and most popular motorsport team. <mask> has publicly identified as bisexual. He had a relationship with the fashion designer who died of a heart attack.He has relatives in the United States as well. <mask> loves sailing and spends most of his time on his yacht. There is a list of fashion designers in Italy, as well as links to their websites.

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Giorgio Armani
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Giorgio Armani
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Giorgio Arm
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