texts: During the civil war known as the Anarchy, the queen of England was one of the people who claimed to be the queen. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. Henry V's rival Lothair of Supplinburg claimed the imperial crown when he died in 1125. The White Ship disaster of 1120 resulted in the death of William Adelin, the younger brother of <mask>. After Emperor Henry V's death, her father arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. The decision to swear an oath of loyalty to the successors of Henry I's illegitimate children was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. The Anglo-Norman barons had opposition to Henry's death.Stephen of Blois had the support of the English Church. Stephen was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The kingdom of England was taken by force in 1139, supported by her half-brother Robert of Gloucester and her uncle King David I of Scotland. Stephen was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, the Queen of England was never formally declared, and she was instead called Lady of the English. Robert was captured after the Rout of Winchester in 1141, and <mask> agreed to exchange him for Stephen. After being trapped in Oxford Castle by Stephen's forces, she was forced to escape at night across the frozen River Isis to Abingdon, wearing white as camouflage in the snow.The war was stalemated, with Stephen controlling most of the south-west of England. The rest of the country was in the hands of local barons. Henry II succeeded to the throne in 1154 after his mother left him to continue the campaign in England. For the rest of her life, she acted on her son's behalf when necessary and settled her court near Rouen. She provided political advice in the early years of her son's reign. She was known for her piety and worked with the Church. She was buried under the altar at the high altar.The child of Henry I, King of England and Duke of Normandy, and his first wife, could have been born in February of 1100. William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066 and created an empire stretching into Wales. Many estates spread across both sides of the English Channel were created by the invasion. The barons had close ties to the kingdom of France, which was a loose collection of counties and smaller polities. King Malcolm III of Scotland's daughter was a member of the West Saxon royal family and a descendant of Alfred the Great. For Henry, marrying <mask> of Scotland gave him increased legitimacy, and for her it was an opportunity for high status and power in England. Her father's relationships with many mistresses resulted in around 22 illegitimate siblings, including a younger, legitimate brother.She probably stayed with her mother and was educated in religious morals, but little is known about her earliest life. Her half-brother Robert of Gloucester, her cousin Stephen of Blois and Brian Fitz Count were among the nobles at her mother's court. Henry left his sister and brother in the care of the archbishop of Canterbury in 1108, while he traveled to Normandy. Although there is no description of her appearance, her peers described her as being very beautiful. In late 1108 or early 1109, King Henry V of Germany sent envoys to Normandy to propose that she marry him. The match was attractive to the English king because his daughter would be marrying into one of the most prestigious dynasties in Europe and he would gain an ally in dealing with France. Henry V needed to fund an expedition to Rome in order to be crowned the Holy Roman emperor.The final details of the deal were negotiated in June 1109 and, as a result of her changing status, she attended a royal council for the first time that October. She left England to go to Germany. The couple met at Lige before travelling to Utrecht to be married. The German queen was crowned at Mainz on July 25. There was a significant age gap between the couple, as Henry was 24 years old while <mask> was eight years old. Bruno, the archbishop of Trier, was tasked with educating her in German culture, manners and government after the betrothal. The city of Worms was chosen as the location for the wedding of <mask> and Henry in January 1114.She entered public life in Germany with her own household. Henry arrested his chancellor, Adalbert of Mainz, and other German princes, triggering a political conflict across the Empire. Rebellions followed, accompanied by opposition from within the Church, which played an important part in administering the Empire, and this led to the formal excommunication of the Emperor. In the early 1116's, Henry and <mask> traveled over the Alps into Italy to meet the Pope. The imperial government has 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 The rest of the year was spent establishing control of northern Italy, and in early 1117 the pair advanced on Rome. Maurice Bourdin, antipope under the name Gregory VIII, crowned the pair at St Peter's Basilica, probably at Easter and again at Pentecost, after Henry and Matilda arrived with their army.These ceremonies were used to claim the title of empress of the Holy Roman Empire. Henry V was elected by the major nobles to become the king of the Empire. The pope could not guarantee that these kings would be crowned emperors. Henry V coerced Paschal II into crowning him, but his status was less clear. As a result of her marriage, she was the legitimate queen of the Romans, a title that she used thereafter on her seal and charters, but it was uncertain if she had a legitimate claim to the title of empress. Henry kept calling himself king and emperor of the Romans. Bourdin's status and the ceremonies themselves were not clear.There were only a few times in the year when the rulers would wear their crowns in court. Pope Callixtus II deposed and imprisoned Bourdin for life after he conducted the second ceremony. She maintained that she was the empress in Rome. Her use of the title was widely accepted. Even 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Henry returned north over the Alps into Germany in 1118 to suppress new rebellions and leave his regent, Matilda, to govern Italy. She probably gained a lot of practical experience of government, as there are few records of her rule over the next two years.In 1119, she met Henry in Lotharingia. Her husband was trying to find a compromise with the Pope, who had excommunicated him. Henry and <mask> were at the Council of Worms. Henry gave up his rights to invest in bishops when the council settled the dispute. The journey to visit her father in England was blocked by Count Charles I of Flanders because she would have needed to pass through his territory. According to Marjorie Chibnall, <mask> intended to discuss the inheritance of the English crown on this journey. Modern chroniclers blamed the Emperor and his sins against the Church for the infertility of the two parties.As Henry suppressed the political unrest, the couple traveled down the Rhine together, but by the end of the year, he was suffering from cancer. He died in Utrecht on May 23, 1125, leaving his nephew Frederick in possession of the imperial insignia. It is not clear what instructions he gave her about the Empire's future. The electoral process which appointed Lothair of Supplinburg, a former enemy of Henry, as the new king was led by Adalbert. She only had a limited amount of options as to how she would spend the rest of her life. She could not become an imperial regent because she was childless, so she chose to become a nun or remarry. She decided to return to Normandy after some offers of marriage from German princes.She didn't expect to return to Germany, as she gave up her estates within the Empire and left with her personal collection of jewels, two of Henry's crowns, and the relic of the Hand of St James the Apostle. The English political landscape changed after the White Ship disaster. The White ship was carrying around three hundred passengers, including William Adelin and many other senior nobles, to travel from Barfleur in Normandy to England. The vessel foundered just outside the harbour, possibly due to overcrowding or excessive drinking by the ship's master and crew, and all but two of the passengers died. William was one of the casualties. The succession to the English throne was thrown into doubt with William's death. In some parts of France, male primogeniture was becoming more popular, in which the eldest son would inherit a title, as the rules of succession were uncertain in western Europe.It was customary for the king of France to crown his successor while he was still alive. In England, the best a noble could do was to identify the legitimate heirs, leaving them to challenge and dispute the inheritance after his death. The problem was complicated by the sequence of Anglo-Norman successions. William the Conqueror had invaded England, his sons William and Robert had fought a war to establish their inheritance, and Henry had only gained control of Normandy by force. There had been no orderly successions. Henry wanted to father another son. Henry took a new wife after William and <mask>'s mother died.The future of the dynasty was at risk because Henry and Adeliza did not have children. Henry may be looking for a heir to his family. He may have considered his sister Adela's son Stephen of Blois as a possible option and, perhaps in preparation for this, he arranged a marriage for Stephen to his maternal cousin. Count Theobald IV of Blois was a nephew and ally of Henry. King Louis VI of France's preferred choice was William Clito, who was in open rebellion against Henry. Henry might have considered his illegitimate son, Robert of Gloucester, as a possible candidate, but English tradition and custom wouldn't have looked good on this. Henry's plans changed when Emperor Henry died.After her father's second marriage failed to produce a son, she returned to Normandy in 1125 and spent a year at the royal court. If this didn't happen, Henry decided that she was the rightful successor if he didn't have another son. The Anglo-Norman barons swore in January to recognize any future legitimate heir to the throne, after gathering together on Christmas 1126 to agree. Henry received various offers from princes within the Empire as he began to look for a new husband. His preference was to marry the son of Count Fulk V of Anjou and secure the southern borders of Normandy. William Clito, the new count of Flanders, who enjoyed the support of the French king, was the latest threat to Henry's control of Normandy. Henry needed to not face a threat from the south as well as the east of Normandy.The White Ship disaster put an end to the alliance between Henry and Anjou after William Adelin married Fulk's daughter. The argument between Henry and Fulk encouraged Fulk to support William Clito. To recreate the former alliance, Henry's solution was to negotiate the marriage of the two girls. She was not impressed by the idea of marrying a man from Anjou. She felt that marrying the son of a count diminished her imperial status and was probably also unhappy about marrying someone so young. Hildebert persuaded her to go along with the engagement. Robert of Gloucester and Brian Fitz Count traveled to Rouen in May 1127.Over the course of the next year, Fulk decided to leave his possessions in Jerusalem, where he hoped to become king. On 17 June 1128, Henry knighted his future son-in-law, and they were married a week later. In 1129, Fulk declared the count of Anjou and Maine. The marriage was difficult due to the couple not liking each other. It wasn't specified when the couple would take possession of the castles, but they were granted by Henry. It's not known if Henry intended to have any future claim on England or Normandy, and it's also not known if he kept Geoffrey's status uncertain. After the marriage, <mask> went back to Normandy.The couple were reconciled in 1131. She arrived in England that August after Henry summoned her from Normandy. At a meeting of the King's great council in September, it was decided that <mask> would return to Geoffrey. She was recognised as Henry's heir by the

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type: paraphrased

texts: council. The future Henry II's first son was born in March 1133 at Le Mans. Henry I traveled to Rouen to see her. Their second son, Geoffrey, was born in Rouen, but the childbirth was very difficult and the baby appeared to be close to death.She had an argument with her father about where she should be buried. Henry wanted her to be buried at Rouen Cathedral. Henry was overjoyed by the birth of his second grandson and may have demanded another round of oaths from his nobility. Relations between Henry and <mask> became strained. In 1135, the King should hand over the royal castles in Normandy to <mask> because she suspected that England lacked genuine support for her claim to the throne. This would have given the couple a much more powerful position after Henry's death, but the King refused out of fear that he would try to seize power in Normandy while he was still alive. The rebels broke out in southern Normandy, and the intervention of the two wives was necessary.Henry died near Lyons-la-Fort in the middle of the confrontation. Henry may have said something about the succession before he died. The accounts were coloured by events. Henry had re-affirmed his intent to grant all of his lands to his daughter, while hostile chroniclers argued that he had apologized for forcing the barons to swear an oath of allegiance to her. When news of Henry I's death began to spread, the rebels in Anjou were supported by a number of <mask>'s supporters, including Robert of Gloucester. The barons were prevented from returning to England because they took an oath to stay in Normandy until the king was buried. The opportunity to march into southern Normandy and seize a number of key castles around Argentan was missed.They stopped and faced increased resistance from the Norman nobility and a rebellion in Anjou. Historians have differing opinions as to what effect this will have on her military plans. Stephen of Blois left for England with his military household after learning of Henry's death. Some accounts suggest that Stephen was denied access to the ports when he first arrived. Stephen took power in England over the next week after he reached the edge of London. The crowds in London believed that Stephen would grant the city new rights and privileges in return for the support of the Church. Henry argued that the late King had been wrong to insist that his court take the oath, and that the King had changed his mind on his deathbed.Stephen's coronation was held a week later. The Norman nobility gathered at Le Neubourg to discuss declaring their elder brother Theobald king following the news that Stephen was getting support in England. The count, the oldest grandson of William the Conqueror, had the most valid claim over the kingdom and the Duchy according to the Normans. The news from England that Stephen would be crowned the next day interrupted their discussions. The barons were not willing to support the division of England and Normandy by opposing Stephen. After giving birth to her third child, William, on July 22, 1136 at Argentan, she operated out of the border region for three years, establishing her household knights on estates around the area. If she asked Ulger, the bishop of Angers, to support her claim, he was unsuccessful.After a temporary truce, Geoffrey invaded Normandy again in 1136, raiding and burning estates rather than trying to hold the territory. After returning to the Duchy in 1137, Stephen met with Louis VI and Theobald to form an alliance against the growing power of the Angevins. There was a battle between the two-halves of Stephen's army and the local Norman barons. Stephen gave up his campaign after the Norman forces deserted the King. Stephen agreed to another truce with Geoffrey, promising to pay him 2,000 marks a year in exchange for peace along the Norman borders. Stephen's reign began well in England, with lavish gatherings of the royal court that saw the King give out grants of land and favours to his supporters. Thanks to the testimony of Louis VI and Theobald, Stephen received the support of Pope Innocent II.Troubles began to emerge quickly. The north of England was invaded by David I of Scotland on the news of Henry's death. Stephen marched north with an army and met David at Durham. Stephen was forced to abandon his attempts to suppress the revolt after South Wales rose in rebellion. Stephen put down two revolts in the south-west led by Baldwin de Redvers and Robert of Bampton; Baldwin was released after his capture and traveled to Normandy, where he became a vocal critic of the King. Robert of Gloucester was one of the most powerful Anglo-Norman barons, controlling estates in Normandy as well as the Earldom of Gloucester. Civil war began in England in 1138 after he rebelled against Stephen.The rebellion in Kent and across the south-west of England was triggered by Robert's abandonment of his fealty to the King. Robert took the initiative in declaring war in 1138 because he had not been very active in asserting her claims to the throne since 1135. In France, Geoffrey took advantage of the situation. David of Scotland invaded the north of England again, announcing that he was in favor of the claim of <mask> to the throne. Stephen paid more attention to England than to Normandy. His wife was sent to Kent with ships and resources from Boulogne, with the task of retaking the key port of Dover, under Robert's control. David's forces were defeated at the Battle of the Standard by a small group of Stephen's household knights.David was still in most of the north despite this victory. Stephen went west in an attempt to regain control of Gloucestershire, first striking north into the Welsh Marches, before heading south to Bath. Stephen was content with raiding and pillaging the surrounding area because the town of Bristol was too strong for him. Robert remained in Normandy throughout the year, trying to convince the emperor to invade England. The Queen's forces took control of the city later in the year. By 1139, an invasion of England was imminent. Together with Robert, they spent the beginning of the year mobilising forces for a cross-Channel expedition.At the beginning of the year, her representative, Bishop Ulger, put forward her legal claim to the English throne on the basis of her hereditary right and the oaths sworn by the barons. Stephen argued that the claim to the throne was illegitimate because the mother had been a nun. The case helped establish that Stephen's claim was disputed, even though the Pope didn't reverse his earlier support for Stephen. At the end of the summer of 1139, the Civil War began. Stephen's forces forced Baldwin de Redvers to retreat into the south-west after he crossed over from Normandy to Wareham. In the month of September, the Empress was invited by her stepmother, Queen Adeliza, to land at Arundel instead, and Robert of Gloucester and his wife arrived in England with a force of 140 knights. Robert marched north-west to raise support for the rebellion and to link up with Miles of Gloucester, who took the opportunity to abandon his fealty to the King.Stephen proceeded to besieging and trapping Arundel inside the castle. Stephen agreed to a truce proposed by his brother, Henry of Blois, and his household of knights were released from the siege and escorted to the south-west of England. The reasons for her release are not clear. Stephen may have thought it was in his own best interests to release the Empress and concentrate on attacking Robert, seeing Robert as his main opponent at this point in the conflict. Stephen may have been worried that he would have to tie down his army in the south because Robert was in the west. Stephen had a generous, courteous personality and women were not normally expected to be targeted in Anglo-Norman warfare, so it is possible that Stephen released <mask> out of a sense of chivalry. After staying in Robert's stronghold of Bristol, <mask> established her court in nearby Gloucester, still safe in the south-west but far enough away for her to remain independent of her half-brother.Although there had only been a few new defections to her cause, she still controlled a block of territory stretching from Gloucester and Bristol south into Wiltshire, west into the Welsh Marches and east through the Thames Valley, threatening London. Her authority in these areas was limited. She faced a counter attack from Stephen, who started by attacking Wallingford Castle, which was held by Brian Fitz Count. Stephen took the castles of South Cerney and Malmesbury along the way to attack Trowbridge. Stephen's rearguard forces were attacked by Miles and he threatened to advance on London. After giving up his western campaign, Stephen returned to the east to protect his capital. The Bishop of Ely joined the other side at the start of 1140The base of his operations was in the Isle of Ely, surrounded by fenland. Stephen attacked the isle, forcing the Bishop to flee to Gloucester. Some of the territory that Stephen had taken in his 1139 campaign was taken back by Robert of Gloucester's men. Henry Blois held a peace conference at Bath in an attempt to negotiate a truce. The conference collapsed after Henry and the clergy insisted that they should set the terms of any peace deal. At the start of 1141, the fortunes of the Battle of Lincoln Matilda changed for the better. Stephen had placed his castle in Lincoln under siege because he had fallen out with the King.The Battle of Lincoln took place on February 2, 1141, after Robert of Gloucester and Ranulf advanced on Stephen's position. The centre of the army was commanded by the King, with Alan of Brittany on his right and William of Aumale on his left. Stephen dismounted many of his own knights to form a solid infantry block as his forces had a superiority in cavalry. After an initial success in which William's forces destroyed the Angevins' Welsh infantry, the battle went well for the other side. The King was surrounded by the army of the Angevin. Stephen was taken away from the field after Robert's soldiers overwhelmed him. Before moving to Bristol Castle, Stephen was received in person at her court in Gloucester.It was necessary for the Church and her to agree to her being crowned queen in his place. Henry summoned a council at Winchester before Easter to consider the clergy's view. In exchange for the support of the Church, Henry would grant control over Church affairs. Henry excommunicated many of her enemies who refused to switch sides after he gave her the royal treasury. A delegation of clergy and nobles, headed by Theobald, traveled to Bristol to see Stephen, who was prepared to release his subjects from their oath of fe. On April 7th, after Easter, the clergy gathered in Winchester and decided that <mask> should be the new monarch. She assumed the title "Lady of England and Normandy" before she was crowned.Few other major nobles seem to have attended and the delegation from London didn't show up. Queen <mask> wrote to complain and demand her husband's release. In June, her position became precarious after she moved to London to arrange her coronation. Even though the Tower of London had the support of Geoffrey de Mandeville, forces loyal to Stephen and Queen <mask> remained close to the city. Shortly before the planned coronation, the city rose up against the empress and her followers fled, making a chaotic retreat back to Oxford. In the absence of Waleran of Beaumont, who was still fighting in England, Geoffrey of Anjou invaded Normandy again. The new French king, Louis VII, had rejected his father's regional alliance, improving relations with Anjou, and taking a more bellicose line, so no help was forthcoming from Stephen's brother Theobald.The loyalty of many Anglo-Norman barons was affected by Stephen's weakness in England and his success in Normandy. Many began to leave Stephen's group. Waleran was one of the people who decided to defect in mid-1141, crossing into Normandy to obtain his ancestral possessions by allying himself with the Angevins. Robert withdrew from the conflict at the same time as Waleran. In the west of England, new earldoms were given to supporters of the Empress, such as the Bishop of Ely. Coins were struck by local barons and bishops across the country after the royal control over the minting of coins broke down. The position of the Siege of Oxford was changed by her defeat at the Rout of Winchester.The Bishop transferred his support back to Stephen's cause after his alliance with Henry of Blois was short-lived. The royal castle in the city was used as a base for their operations after they besieged Henry of Blois in his castle. The Queen, backed by her lieutenant William of Ypres and reinforced with fresh troops from London, took the opportunity to advance on Winchester after keeping Stephen's cause alive in the south-eastern part of England. The forces encircled the army. The rest of her army delayed the royal forces while she escaped from the city. Robert of Gloucester was taken prisoner during the retreat after the battle in which the Empress's forces were defeated. With both Stephen and Robert held prisoner, negotiations were held to try to come to agreement on a long-term peace settlement, but Queen <mask> was unwilling to offer any compromise to the Empress, and Robert refused to accept any offer to encourage him to change sides to Stephen.Stephen and Robert were exchanged for each other in November. A new church council held by Henry reversed its previous decision and Stephen was crowned king at Christmas 1141. Stephen was able to convince the man of Chester to change sides once more. Stephen spent the summer attacking some of the castles built the previous year. Robert returned to Normandy in the summer of 1142 to help with operations against some of Stephen's followers. Stephen's forces increased their pressure on the woman and she was surrounded at Oxford. Oxford was protected by walls and the River Isis, but Stephen led a sudden attack across the river, leading the charge and swimming part of the way.On the other side, the King and his men invaded the town, trapping the woman in the castle. Stephen settled down for a long siege at Oxford Castle because it was a powerful fortress. After sneaking out of the castle with a group of knights, she crossed the icy river to Abingdon-on-Thames and then rode to safety at Wallingford,

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texts: leaving the castle garrison to surrender. They wore white to hide against the snow. The court at the former property of the Bishop of Salisbury was rebuilt in the aftermath of the retreat from Winchester. She established her household knights on the surrounding estates, supported by Flemish mercenaries, and ruled through the network of local sheriffs and other officials. Many of the people who lost lands in the regions held by the King went west to get patronage.The war was stalemated because of the pragmatism of Robert of Gloucester. At first, the balance of power appeared to be in <mask>'s favor. The assembly point for royal forces in Herefordshire was besieged by Robert of Gloucester. Stephen tried to escape and ended up in the Battle of Wilton. Once again, the Angevin cavalry proved too strong, and for a moment it appeared that Stephen might be captured for a second time, before finally escaping. The Earl of Essex, Geoffrey de Mandeville, rebelled against Stephen in East Anglia. The military campaign against Cambridge was started by Geoffrey from the Isle of Ely.In the summer of 1144. After securing his hold on southern Normandy, Geoffrey of Anjou advanced into Rouen, the capital of the Duchy, in January 1144. He was recognised by Louis VII as the Duke of Normandy. She was unable to consolidate her position despite her successes. One of her military commanders, Miles of Gloucester, died while hunting over the Christmas season. During an attack on Burwell Castle, de Mandeville died, ending his rebellion against Stephen. Faringdon Castle was captured by Stephen's forces in 1145 in the west.Neither side was prepared to compromise, so the Earl of Cornwall was given the go-ahead to attempt fresh peace negotiations. The war in England ended in the late 1140s, giving way to an intractable stalemate and occasional outbreak of fresh fighting. In 1147 Robert of Gloucester died peacefully, and by 1151 Brian Fitz Count was dead. The Second Crusade left the region for several years when it was announced in 1145. The Anglo-Norman barons made peace agreements with each other in order to secure their lands and war gains. Henry began to assume a leading role in the conflict. When the Empress left for England, he remained in France.He crossed over to England in 1142 and returned to Anjou in 1144. Henry was expected to become the King of England and began to be involved in the government of the family lands. Henry's mercenary army failed in England in 1147 because he lacked the funds to pay his men. Henry asked his mother for money, but she wouldn't give it to him. Stephen paid off Henry's mercenaries, allowing him to return home safely, but his reasons for doing so remain unclear. Due to her difficulties with the Church, she decided to return to Normandy in 1148. Pope Eugene III interceded in late 1146 to support the claims of the bishop of Salisbury that the court of the empress was still there.After playing for a while, <mask> left the castle to Henry, who delayed its return for many years. After establishing her court in Rouen, she met with her sons and husband and probably made arrangements for her future life in Normandy, and for Henry's next expedition to England. She lived in personal quarters attached to the priory and in a nearby palace built by Henry, just south of Rouen. The war in England was more important than the administration of Normandy. After sending the bishop of Thérouanne to Rome to campaign for Henry's right to the English throne, the opinion within the English Church gradually shifted in Henry's favor. Henry's rights to Normandy were supported by Louis VII. Henry claimed the family lands after his brother died.Some of the major regional barons supported Henry when he returned to England at the start of 1153 with a small army. Henry became Stephen's adopted son and successor after a permanent peace was brokered by the Church. Normandy was faced with a threat of baronial revolt and considerable disorder. The grander of the two imperial crowns that <mask> brought back from Germany in 1125 were used in Henry's coronation. The troubles facing <mask> in Normandy were over once Henry was crowned. She spent the rest of her life in Normandy, acting as Henry's representative and presiding over the government of the Duchy. The land claims that had arisen during the wars were the subject of charters issued by the mother and son.In the early years of his reign, the King drew on her for advice on policy matters. Henry and his Chancellor Thomas Becket fell out in the 1160s, and <mask> was involved in attempts to find a solution. When the Prior of Mont St Jacques asked her for a private interview on Becket's behalf, she provided a moderate perspective on the problem. Becket was opposed to Henry's attempts to codify English customs, but he was also opposed to poor administration in the English Church. There were several diplomatic crises that she helped to deal with. The Hand of St James was brought back with her from Germany many years before. Henry was asked to return the hand to Germany by Frederick I, the Holy Roman Emperor.It should stay at Reading Abbey, where it has become a popular attraction for pilgrims. Frederick was bought off with an alternative set of expensive gifts from England, including a huge, luxurious tent, which Frederick used for court events in Italy. She was approached by Louis VII of France in 1164 and helped to diffuse a diplomatic row over the handling of crusading funds. While she was involved in governing Normandy throughout her life, she paid more attention to Church affairs in her old age. William appears to have had particular affection for his mother. She was against Henry's plan to invade Ireland and give the lands to William because she thought it was impractical. The chronicler of Mont St Jacques, who met her during this period, still felt that she was of the stock of tyrants because she was more easy-going in her later life.On September 10, 1167, Death <mask> died in Rouen and her remaining wealth was given to the Church. She was buried under the high altar at the abbey of Bec-Hellouin. Her epitaph said "great by birth, greater by marriage, greatest in her offspring: here lies the daughter, wife, and mother of Henry", which became a famous phrase among her peers. The tomb was destroyed by an English army in 1421 after it was damaged in a fire in 1263. Some of her bones were identified and reburied in a new coffin. After the destruction of the church by Napoleon, her remains were lost again, but were found again in 1847 and reburied at Rouen Cathedral. In the Holy Roman Empire, the young <mask>'s court included knights, chaplains and ladies-in-waiting, but she did not have her own personal chancellor to run her household.She found the local rulers were prepared to accept a female ruler when she was regent in Italy. The Italian chancellor was included in her administration. She was not called upon to make any major decisions, instead dealing with smaller matters and acting as the symbolic representative of her absent husband, meeting with and helping to negotiate with magnates and clergy. The tradition of the Anglo-Saxon queens of England being regents on the husbands' behalf when they were away had diminished under the Normans. On her return from Germany to Normandy and Anjou, she claimed to be the daughter of King Henry. Her status was higher than that of all men in England and France. Her charter's seal displayed the inscription when she arrived in England.Both women and men whose seals were usually oval with standing portraits had portraits on them. She was not depicted on horseback as a male ruler would have been. She was uncertain about her status during the civil war in England. Her claim to the crown was hereditary and derived from her male kin, being the only legitimate offspring of King Henry and Queen <mask>. She claimed to be her father's sole heir in a century in which feudal tenancies were increasingly passed on by heredity. Stephen and his wife <mask> of Boulogne had the same title. There are several interpretations of the title.Domina is the feminine equivalent of the title dominus, which means "master" or "lord" in different languages. The use of a woman exercising temporal powers in her own right was the same as the use of a king's wife only. Geoffrey never adopted the equivalent dominus Anglorum. Between 1139 and 1141, she referred to herself as a woman acting alone, highlighting her independence from her spouse. The interval being counted as an interregnum was used by newly elected kings. She is thought to have used this title instead of the queen of England because she was never crowned. In the spring and summer of 1141, when she was de facto queen regnant, some royal charters including titles of lands granted to Glastonbury Abbey and Reading Abbey described her as.While Marjorie Chibnall believed the Reading Abbeys' instances of regina Anglorum were either errors for domina Anglorum or else inauthentic, David Crouch thought this was unlikely to be a scribal error and pointed out that Stephen's supporters had used rex Anglorum The Lady of the English style was more common in documents. William calls her domina only. She tried to maintain a government in England that was similar to Stephen's, including a royal household and a chancellor. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Earls were created by Stephen. She was unable to operate a system of royal law courts, and her administrative resources were limited, although some of her clerks went on to become bishops.In the west of England and Wales, two types of coins were issued in her name. After her victory at the Battle of Lincoln, the design was adopted by her mints at Bristol, Cardiff, and Wareham. During the 1140s, a second design was created. After returning to Normandy for the last time in 1148, she stopped using the title Lady of the English and instead used the title of empress again. When the two were co-located in Rouen, the household became smaller and the court merged with it. She held feudal rights from the grants made at the time of her second marriage and continued to play a special role in the government of the area around Argentan. It's not clear how strong her personal piety was, despite the fact that she preferred to be buried at the monastic site of Bec rather than the grander but more worldly Rouen.She gave a lot of patronage to the Church. She preferred the well-established Benedictine monastery of Cluny to some of the newer Augustinian orders, such as the Victorines and Premonstratensians. She re- founded the abbey of Notre-Dame-du-Vu. As time went on, she became more focused on the Cistercian order. The order was very fashionable in England and Normandy and was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. She drew on the house for a supply of monks when she supported the foundation of La Valasse. She encouraged the Cistercians to build on a grand scale, with guest houses to accommodate a range of visitors of all ranks, and may have played a part in selecting the paintings for the monastic chapels.In England, France, Germany and Italy, chroniclers documented many aspects of her life, but the only biography written about her has been lost. The chroniclers had different opinions on her. In Germany, the chroniclers praised her and her reputation remained positive. During the time of the Anarchy, works such as the Gesta Stephani took a negative tone, praising Stephen and condemning <mask>. The chroniclers became more positive after Henry II took the throne. In the years after her death, there were rumors that her first husband, Henry, had not died, but had secretly become a hermit, and that she had an affair with Stephen, which resulted in the conception of Henry II. The right of succession was something that Tudor scholars were interested in.According to 16th century standards, <mask> had a clear right to the English throne, and academics struggled to explain why she acquiesced to her son Henry's kingship at the end of the war. The question of the irregular nature of 12th century law and custom was no longer relevant by the 18th century. By the 19th century, the archival sources on <mask>'s life, including charters, foundation histories, and letters, were being uncovered and analysed. Sir James Ramsay's account of the civil war was not complimentary, while Kate Norgate's account was more neutral. German charters were heavily used in the 1897 biography of the German academic. The work carried out by German scholars on her time in the Empire made her a marginal figure in comparison to the work done by modern English academics. The only major academic biography in English is Marjorie Chibnall's 1991 work, which was written in 1939 by the Earl of Onslow.There is a general agreement that she was either proud or at least aware of the high status of an empress. She was limited by the political conventions of the 12th century because she had a certain autocratic grandeur, which was combined with a firm moral belief in her cause. Some traditional assumptions about her role and personality have been challenged by feminist scholars. When seen in her male peers, qualities that have been considered praiseworthy have been unfairly critiqued. The civil war years of <mask>'s life have been the subject of historical fiction. Ellis Peters wrote a historical detective series about Brother Cadfael. Stephen is depicted as a tolerant man and a reasonable ruler by Peters.Alfred's decision to entitle his 1856 battle poem "Maud" may have been influenced by <mask>'s martial reputation. Review of Catherine Hanley's biography of births and deaths of 12th-century women rulers and Anglo-Normans Burials at Rouen

masks: Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda


texts: A retired professional football goalkeeper and former football manager, <mask> was born in 1947. He was a member of the Yugoslavia national team at the 1974 World Cup in West Germany. As a player and a coach, Mekovi had many success and received many awards. The first club that he ever played in was Sloboda Tuzla from 1964, where he remained until 1973, according to Mekovi. Sloboda sold him to Hajduk for 14 million dinar, according to Gojko krbi. In the 1968–69 Yugoslav Second League season, Sloboda won 36 points and scored 50 goals, while Mekovi capitulated only nine times, the least of all other Second league and First league goalkeepers. In the "Bili (The Whites)", Mekovi played 105 games, 53 games in the championship, 9 games in the cup, 6 in European competition, and 39 games in friendly matches.He stood on the goal for the first time in a farewell game. The first official appearance for Hajduk was in the Yugoslav Cup in 1973, where they won with 5:1 against Vardar. The fans gave him the nickname "Mate" and sang the song "From Marjan's blowing the breeze Mekovi keeps the door guarding us." He won the Yugoslavian Championships in 1974 with 33 appearances and in 1975 with 16 appearances. In 1973, 1974 and 1976, he won 3 cups in a row. The territory of the former Yugoslavia has a record of 789 minutes of not allowing a goal. The series of not giving up a goal was broken.He received his last goal in a match against Sarajevo in 1973. Goals weren't conceded in the games against OFK Belgrade in Split and GNK Dinamo Zagreb. Brane Oblak, Ivan Buljan, Slavia ungul and Miun Jovani did not play in the 22nd round game. Draen Muini was one of the players that did play. He left Hajduk in 1976 to join the Dutch club AZ Alkmaar, but had to fight for his place between the posts. He joined Sloboda in 1979 and stayed there until 1983, after which he went to several domestic clubs. From 1983 to 1984 he stayed in the town of Budunost Banovii, from 1984 to 1985 in the town of Radnik Bijeljina, and from 1985 to 1987 in the town of NK Bratstvo Graanica.In 1972 he played for the Yugoslavia in a game against Scotland in the Brazil Independence Cup which ended with a score of 2: 2. He was in the squad that played in the 1974 World Cup. Mekovi did not play a game at the Cup. After completing the coaching school in Sarajevo, he trained the Yugoslav B team and next year the Sloboda Tuzla team. He was an assistant coach to Ivica Osim in the Yugoslavia A team. He was a member of the Yugoslavia staff when he went to the United Arab Emirates in 1991 to coach several clubs and A and B national teams. He spent time in Saudi Arabia as a coach.He was an assistant to Al Sadd in Doha, as well as in Saudi Arabia. He trained clubs in Abu Dhabi and Al Wasl F.C. during his time there. There are also Al Nasr SC in the same city. He stopped working as a professional coach in 2007. Player Club Hajduk Split Yugoslavia First League 1974 1975 Yugoslav Cup 1977 1978 Manager Al Ahli Crown Prince Cup 2001 2002 References External links Serbian The managers of Al-Ahli Saudi FC in the United Arab Emirates are expatriates.


texts: One of the longest serving members of the English House of Commons was <mask>, who was a poet and politician. Although he played little part in the political struggles of the period prior to the First English Civil War in 1642, the son of a wealthy lawyer entered Parliament in 1624. He was accused of organizing a plot to seize London for Charles I, unlike his relatives William and Hardress. Several conspirators were executed, including his brother-in-law, but he escaped the death penalty by paying a large bribe. He lived in exile in France and Switzerland until he was allowed to return to his family in 1651 by Oliver Cromwell. He was known as a fine and amusing orator and held a number of minor offices. He retired from politics after the death of his second wife in 1677.The poem "Song (Go, lovely rose)" was written in the late 1630s and commemorates events that occurred in the 1620s, including Charles's escape from a ship in 1625. One of the first examples of a form used by English poets for some two centuries, it was written in heroic couplets, and he was a close friend of Thomas Hobbes and John Evelyn. When he died, he was considered a major English poet, but his reputation waned over the next century, one view seeing him as a fairweather Royalist, an expedient Republican and mercenary. He is considered a minor author because of his significance in developing a form adapted and improved by Alexander Pope. <mask> was the eldest son of Robert and Anne Hampden and was born on March 3, 1606. Elizabeth was one of 15 family members who survived to adulthood. Anne and Cecilia were both born in the 16th century.Mary, Robert, Ursula, and John were all born in the 16th century. Cecilia married Nathaniel Tomkins, who was executed for his part in the 1643 plot, while Mary married Adrian Scrope, who was executed in 1660 as a regicide. Through his mother, he was connected to several prominent Parliamentarians, including Oliver Cromwell and John Hampden. He was related to the Parliamentarian generals on his father's side. He married Anne Banks, an orphan heiress of a wealthy merchant, in defiance of the Privy Council of England and the marriage was approved by Charles I. They were both Elizabeth and and and and and and and. <mask> was the MP for Amersham from 1689 to 1698 and they had many children, including Benjamin, who was mentally disabled.Stephen was one of the Commissioners who negotiated the Treaty of Union. His estate was worth £40,000 when he died, and he left his legacies to his children, Margaret, Mary, Elizabeth, Anne, Cicely, and William. After graduating from Royal Grammar School, he attended King's College, Cambridge. He did a course in law at Lincoln's Inn after leaving without a degree. He was the youngest person in the Commons in 1626 when he was elected for Chepping Wycombe. His estate was worth up to £2,500 a year, making him one of the wealthiest men in the area. Parliament was dissolved in 1629 when Charles I instituted eleven years of Personal Rule.He became friends with George Morley, the Bishop of Worcester, who guided his reading and provided advice on writing, while he paid his debts. He became a member of the Great Tew Circle, which included Edward Hyde, and was influenced by Falkland's moderation and tolerance. The earliest works of his were written in the 1620s, but modern scholars think they were written in the late 1630s in an attempt to build a career at court. Many of Charles' works are addressed to members of the extended Percy family, such as the Earl of Northumberland. "When other men give over writing verse to him, he became a poet at the age of thirty", said Hyde. When Parliament was recalled in April 1640 to approve taxes for the Bishops' Wars, <mask> was re-elected for Amersham. Moderates like Hyde and Falkland were wary of changing the balance too much the other way despite general consensus attempts by Charles to govern without Parliament.John Pym, who headed the Parliamentary opposition to Charles, gave responsibility for the impeachment of Sir Francis Crawley, one of the Ship Money judges, but he confirmed his Royalist sympathies by voting against the execution of Strafford in April 1641. When the First English Civil War began in August 1642, Hyde and Falkland joined the king, but <mask> remained in London and supported moderates like Denzil Holles who wanted a negotiated peace. A plan to force Parliament into negotiations by withholding taxes turned into an armed conspiracy that was intended to allow the Royalist army. After he was arrested, he made a full confession, implicating a number of his co-conspirators, but he escaped the death penalty because he paid bribes. Moderates were forced to abandon their support for a peace settlement in order to avoid suspicion of involvement. After spending 18 months in prison without trial, he was fined and allowed to go into exile with his new wife Mary, however, the affair caused lasting damage to his reputation. Unlike many Royalists, he lived in some comfort using money sent to him by his mother.The Rump Parliament allowed him to return home in January 1652. He established good relations with Cromwell, writing him a 'Panegyrick' in 1655, and later supporting proposals to make him king. After Charles II returned to the throne, <mask> wrote a poem called To the King. Reconciling past support for the Commonwealth with the restored monarchy was a problem faced by many, but in his 1779 biography Samuel Johnson wrote that a prostituted mind may retain the glitter of wit, but has lost the dignity of virtue. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1663 but did not contribute papers himself. He was involved in the impeachment and exile of Clarendon in 1667 and later held a number of positions under the Cabal ministry. He gained a reputation for independence after 1674 and was still regarded as one of the best speakers in the Commons.He was an advocate of religious tolerance, especially for Protestant Nonconformists, but he withdrew from active politics during the Exclusion Crisis because he was convinced of the truth of the Popish Plot. He was elected for Saltash on James II's accession. James suspended Parliament in November after it refused to pass his Declaration of Indulgence, even though he wrote two poems to the new king. He was buried in the churchyard of St Mary and All Saints Church in Beaconsfield after he died at his London house in St James's. Although his extravagant praise for members of the court and Royal family was parodied in "Last Instructions to a Painter", he was admired by other people. His work was out of favor by the 19th century. <mask>'s lyrics were at one time admired to excess, but with the exception of "Go, lovely Rose" and one or two others, they have lost their charm.The Information, a novel by Martin Amis was written in 1995. H. M. Redmond argued that moderate censure of his life combined with interest-killing appreciation of his verse to prevent a dispassionate assessment. While his writing is limited, he played an important role in developing a format and style adapted and improved by Alexander Pope among others. Charles II and his brother James, as well as other members of the Royal family, were all influenced by his poetry, which was written in support of Cromwell. His work portraying the Battle of Lowestoft as an heroic victory and heaping praise on James was ridiculed. He was influenced by both Thomas Hobbes and De Cive. During his exile an unlicensed collection of his poems was published in 1645, and his early work was more successful than later efforts.They were re-released in 1664, 1668, 1682, and 1686 and were popular because they were easy to set to music. Most critics view the self-published Divine Poems as 'indifferent' and show his decline as a writer. The Royal Society has a list of births and deaths of 17th-century English poets and male writers.

masks:
Edmund Waller
Edmund Waller
Edmund
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller


texts: <mask> is an American college football coach, former player, and former assistant athletic director. He was the interim head coach for the Idaho Vandals. He played quarterback for Washington State in the 2003 Rose Bowl under head coach Mike Price. <mask> played in the Arena Football League, the Canadian Football League, and the National Football League. He was hired at Idaho as a running backs coach. <mask> is the grandson of a member of the Packers Hall of Fame. Gesser played football for Cal Lee in high school.He was named to the all-state team in his junior year and led the Crusaders to a state title. In his senior year, St. Louis was ranked as high as fourth in the national prep poll and won a second straight state title. He was an Academic All-American choice by Prep Star. In the games Gesser started, the Crusaders were 24-0. <mask> was a football player at Washington State University. He has been elected as the captain for three years in a row. Gesser led Washington State to two straight 10 win seasons from 2001 to 2002 and finished seventh in the 2002 Heisman Trophy race.<mask> and Palmer were named co-Offensive Players of the Year. The Honolulu native earned First Team All-America honors and finished his career as a three time All-Pac-10 selection and four time Academic All-Pac-10 honoree. A number of school records were held by Gesser, including career starts (34), total yards (9,007), pass attempts (1,118), completions (611), touchdown passes (70), and consecutive games with a touchdown pass (25). He appeared in 40 games, made 35 starts and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He has the second most wins of any quarterback in Washington State history. He was ranked 9th on the list of the greatest Washington State University football players of all time by the Pac-12 Networks. In April 2003 Gesser was signed by the TennesseeTitans as a free agent.He didn't see a lot of playing time behind Billy Volek, Neil O'Donnell, and Steve McNair. He was released after the preseason. The Canadian Football League signed <mask> on May 5, 2005. When Henry Burris tore a thumb, he took over the starting role and started the season as his backup. He injured his ankle and only started two games. He completed 23 of 42 passes for 356 yards and four touchdown. Gesser was a member of the Utah Blaze in the Arena Football League.He replaced Joe Germaine at the beginning of the season. He completed 89 of 146 passes for 1,092 yards and 23 touchdown. He went winless in four starts and was replaced by Andy Kelly. <mask> completed two of three passes for 28 yards and a touchdown in 2007, but didn't see much playing time behind Germaine. He wants to coach at the college level at Washington State. He was a quarterbacks coach at Federal Way High School in Federal Way, Washington. He was the offensive coach at the high school.When the position of quarterbacks coach at Washington State became available, he and Ryan Leaf both tried to get it. Todd Sturdy took over that job. <mask> was named the head football coach at Eastside Catholic School in Sammamish, Washington, in the spring of 2009. Bill Marsh resigned after ten seasons with the school. After coaching the Crusaders for two seasons, <mask> left to become a graduate assistant at Washington State. <mask> joined the staff at Idaho as a running backs coach in Moscow after returning to Palouse in May 2011. His successor at Eastside Catholic, Jeremy Thielbar, was a former teammate of his.Robb Akey was the defensive line coach at the time of <mask>'s playing days. In February of 2012 <mask> was promoted to offensive coach of the Vandals, assisted on offense by Mike Levenseller, who was the receivers coach and passing game coach. The Pacific Northwest and Hawaii were recruited by Gesser. After only one victory in the first eight games, Akey was fired and Gesser was promoted to interim head coach. The Vandals finished the season with a 1–11 record. <mask> did not stay on the coaching staff after Paul Petrino was hired as head coach. <mask> was hired as the quarterbacks coach at Wyoming in February 2013).The personal life of Gesser was clouded by allegations of sexual harassment. Gesser was found to have violated the school's policy against sexual harassment. Gesser was never found guilty of a crime. There is a list of National Football League and Arena Football League players.

masks:
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Idaho Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Wyoming Gesser


texts: During the American Revolution, <mask> was a poet, playwright and pamphleteers. During the years before the American Revolution, <mask> published poems and plays that attacked royal authority in Massachusetts and urged colonists to resist British intrusions on colonial rights and liberties. <mask> was also heavily involved in the independence movement. She wrote a pamphlet, Observations on the new Constitution, and on the Federal and State Conventions that advocated the inclusion of a Bill of Rights during the debate over the United States Constitution. Observations was thought to be the work of other writers. Her descendant, <mask>, found a reference to it in a letter to a British historian. A highly unusual occurrence for a woman at the time, she published a collection of poems and plays under her own name.One of the earliest histories of the American Revolution was published in 1805. <mask> was the third of thirteen children and the first daughter of Colonel <mask> and Mary Allyne <mask>. Six of her siblings lived to adulthood. The family lived in Massachusetts. Edward Doty was a descendant of her mother. Her father was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives.He was against British rule and against the appointed colonial governor. The <mask> children were raised with revolutionary ideals. She studied with the Reverend Jonathan Russell while he helped her brothers prepare for college. <mask> most likely paved the way for her to break the traditional gender roles of her time because she was literate. It was unusual for the 18th century for a father to fully support his daughter's education. James attended Harvard College and became a lawyer. James treated <mask> as an intellectual equal, and encouraged her academic and literary efforts, according to little of his correspondence with her.On November 14, 1754 she married <mask>. James took over his father's position as sheriff. His previous jobs were farming and merchanting. They were 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 There was a mutual respect and an enduring bond between the two. James wrote from Boston, "I have read one Excellent Sermon this day and heard two others." "What next can I do better than write to a Saint?" and "Your spirit I admire- were a few thousands on the Continent of a similar disposition we might defy the power of Britain."They had five sons, James, Charles, Henry, and George. James had a political career. He was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was the president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress. During the American Revolutionary War, he was paymaster to George Washington. She was involved in the political life of her husband. The <mask>s were involved in the conflict between the American colonies and the British Government.The Sons of Liberty used to meet at their home. <mask> hosted protest meetings in her home as she became more drawn to political activism. The meetings with Samuel Adams laid the groundwork for the Committees of correspondence. <mask> wrote that "no single step contributed so much to cement the union of the colonies." The colonial governor was disliked by the first patriots. With views on liberty, republican government and independence for the American colonies, <mask> became a strong political voice. She wrote that every domestic enjoyment depends on the unimpaired possession of civil and religious liberty.James encouraged her to write and she became his chief correspondent and sounding board. She wrote about people fighting for freedom. <mask> had a strong circle of friends, including John Adams, Martha Washington, and the wife of John Winthrop. America stands with resolution and virtue, but she still recoils at the idea of drawing the sword against the nation from whom she derived her origin. Britain is ready to plunge her dagger into the bosom of her affectionate offspring. They increased the awareness of women's issues, were supportive, and influenced the course of events to further America's cause through their correspondence. John Adams was her literary mentor in the years leading to the Revolution, as she became a correspondent and advisor to many political leaders.In a letter to <mask>, Adams tells him that God Almighty has given the Powers for the good of the World to your wife. It would be criminal to neglect them if they were a fault. <mask> was at or near the center of events from 1765 to 1789 because she knew most of the Revolution's leaders personally. John Adam's cousin, Samuel, was a frequent visitor to the Otis and then the <mask> houses, as he and other politicians like Patrick Henry traveled to Boston. The basic content of the poem was suggested by Adams, while his request that <mask> write was probably due to his close friendship with his wife. Not sure about how her writing would be received, <mask> consulted with her friend, Adams, about her husband's opinion of the work, since he had visited her home previously, but he did not ask her to write until after his wife had become a friend of <mask>. The anonymous poem was published in the Boston Gazette by John Adams.Adams urged her to write a history of the Revolution even though the war was still being fought. She was able to use her own memory of the Revolution, but she also solicited copies of congressional debates, letters, and other information from the active participants in the revolution, many of whom she knew personally and through her family connections. James, her husband, was the paymaster of the Continental Army in 1776 and she would travel between home and the army to serve as his secretary. In the midst of a dramatically evolving political situation, <mask> was able to enter into the inner circles of revolutionary activity and debate. She came to know many of the most important political figures of her time, but she also formed strong opinions about many of them and some like Adams became influential in her literary life. She described George Washington as one of the most amiable and accomplished gentlemen, both in person, mind, and manners, and asked him to approve her History. Jefferson helped her get people to subscribe to her work.The creation contributed to the bitterness that existed between John Adams and his friend, <mask>. John Adams had strong Federalism, but <mask> disagreed with it. One of the most productive friends of the revolutionary period was ended by her opinion in her historical account of Adams. John Adams fell out of favor with the <mask>s because he had once wavered about the question of independence from Britain. He was the embodiment of the threat tyranny seen in the British governors. Marcy <mask> was able to maintain her earlier approval of him because of Thomas Jefferson's republicanism. The Adulateur is one of the plays she wrote.The War of Revolution was foretold by The Adulateur. It was published by an unknown author without <mask>'s consent. Rapatio is one of the main characters in <mask>'s part of the play. <mask> disagreed with Hutchinson's views because he was a Whig. Rapatio is the villain in The Adulateur. <mask> created a character to represent her brother, <mask>. The characters in the play are Whigs.Conservatives are selfish and rude. There is a happy ending to the play. Rapatio became known to citizens of Massachusetts who identified with the Whigs after the play was published. <mask> enjoyed writing about politics and her first play was a success. She wrote The Defeat with a character based on Hutchinson. Hutchinson didn't understand the impact she made on his political fate or the accuracy of her plot. <mask>'s assistance in the movement to remove Governor Hutchinson from his position through The Defeat was one of her greatest accomplishments.<mask> began to doubt as she wrote the third part of her trilogy, feeling the power of her satire compromised her divine purpose to be a "member of the gentler sex," but she found encouragement from Adams, who told her, "God Almighty has entrusted you with Powers for the good." <mask> wrote The Group, a satire about what would happen if the British king abrogated the Massachusetts charter of rights. The anonymous publication of The Blockheads and The Motley Assembly are attributed to her. She published Observations on the New Constitution, which she opposed as an Anti-Federalist. One of the most convincing people in the Revolution was <mask>. George Washington and Alexander Hamilton both commented that female genius in the United States has outpaced the male. Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous was the first work bearing her name and was published in 1790.There are eighteen political poems and two plays in the book. The plays "The Sack of Rome" and "The Ladies of Castille" deal with liberty, social and moral values that were necessary to the success of the new republic. The History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution was her last book. President Thomas Jefferson ordered subscriptions for himself and his cabinet and noted his "anticipation of her truthful account of the last thirty years that will give a more instructive lesson to mankind than any equal period known in history." The book's comments on John Adams led to heated correspondence and a break in her friendship with Adams, which lasted until 1812. Six years after her husband died, <mask> died at the age of 86. She is buried in Massachusetts.<mask> was able to read better than her peers. Her brother <mask> and her husband <mask> were involved in the American Revolution. Her plays were used as propaganda for the cause by New England's patriot leadership. She accepted her duty to use her talents for the cause after initially questioning the proper role of women as propagandists. Her interest in current events blossomed into the skills of a self-taught historian, with a romanticized style of the sort readers of contemporary literature expected. Like the fiction of the day, her historiography pointed to moral lessons, and her plays and histories reflected her partisanship against the Hamiltonian Federalists in the national capital. Historians no longer read her for factual details, but they do find her a valuable source on the mood among intellectuals in the Revolutionary era and the early nation.Feminists debate whether she could be considered one of them, for her expressed approach was traditional, with some impatience shown at the restraints. She stressed the cheerful performance of household duties while encouraging women writers. <mask> was able to connect with her colonial audience. She was humble and practical in how she presented the commentary through quieter presentations because she was willing to put forth work calling out the authoritative power while raising a family. Her personal dignity was never sacrificed for her success. The public would not let her retire from commentating on the political conflicts of her later days, even though she said to her son, "The thorns, the thistles, and the briers, in the field of politics seldom permit the soil to produce anything... but ruin to the adventurer She concentrated her writing on strict political matters and wrote many more short dramas, poems, and essays.The name of the World War II Liberty ship was named after her. She was a member of the National Women's Hall of Fame. She is remembered on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail. <mask> was a distinguished lawyer and historian. Further reading Eileen Hunt. There is a book about women writing war on the American Revolution. "<mask> Otis <mask>: the Politics of Language and the Aesthetics of Self" is in the Massachusetts Historical Review.The American Quarterly was published in 1983. Jstor Davies, Kate had a fulltext. They wrote The Revolutionary Atlantic and the Politics of Gender. Oxford University Press was published in 2005. Women's Writing: the Elizabethan to Victorian Period is a book written by Kate Davies. 2006 12:1, 73–97 Ellis, Joseph J.John Adams had a character and a legacy. The year 1993. Franklin, Benjamin V. and <mask>. The plays and poems were written by <mask>. In Delmar, New York, there is a book called Scholars' Facsimiles and Reprints. Print. "<mask> <mask> and the Politics of Historical Nationalism" was written by Friedman, Lawrence J. and Arthur H.The New England Quarterly was published in 1975. Edith B. is a part of the JSTOR Gelles. The Massachusetts Historical Society published a book about bonds of friendship. Martha J. King. The "pen of the historian" is <mask> <mask>'s History of the American Revolution. Lane, Larry M. and Lane, Judith J. The Constitution and <mask> <mask> are covered in "The Columbian Patriot".Women and Politics 1990 10(2), 17–32. Cheryl Z. Oreovicz. Legacy 1996 13(1): 54–64. There is a fulltext online at Swetswise Richards. The United States Authors Series is by Wayne. 614. <mask> <mask>. It's called Transatlantica. Américaines. The American Studies Journal 2 was published in 2015.Stuart, Rubin, Nancy. The founding of a nation and the secret pen of mercy <mask> are covered in The Muse of the Revolution. The Beacon Press was published in 2008. "Insisting on Femininity: <mask> <mask>, Susanna Rowson, and Literary Self-Promotion." Women's Studies 46.3 was published last year. The Authorship of the Letters from the Federal Farmer was written by Gordon Wood. The William and Mary Quarterly.3rd Ser. 31, No. 2. pp. The score was 299–308. Rosemarie Zagarri. There is a woman's dilemma about the American Revolution.Davidson, 1995. Rosemarie Zagarri. There is a woman's dilemma about the American Revolution. The book "Blackwell" was published in 2015. <mask> and <mask> are primary sources. Interspersed with biographical, political and moral observations are the Rise, Progress and Termination of the American Revolution. Ed.And Ann. There are two volumes by Lester H. Cohen. Liberty Classics was updated in 1988. This edition was published in 1804. Warren and Otis. The University of Georgia Press has a collection of letters by <mask>. External links.<mask> is referred to as "<mask> <mask>". There is a women's history museum. The year 2015. 18th-century American dramatists and playwrights Anti-Federalists Historians of the United States People of colonial Massachusetts <mask> family Women in the American Revolution Writers from Massachusetts

masks:
Mercy Otis Warren
Warren
James Warren
Charles Warren
Warren
James Otis
Otis
Otis
Warren
Mercy
James Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Mercy
Warren
James Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Mercy Warren
Mercy Warren
Warren
Otis Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
James Otis
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
James Otis
James Warren
Warren
Charles Warren
Mercy
Warren
Warren
Otis Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
TwayneMercy
Otis Warren
Otis Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Warren
Otis
Otis Warren
Otis Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Otis


texts: <mask> (10 August 1845 to 27 August 1928) was a prominent Cleveland attorney and chess enthusiast. <mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1845 to Bushnell and <mask>, who were originally from Massachusetts. <mask>'s birthplace was near the present-day City Hall. <mask> wrote a letter to the Cleveland Herald and Gazette in 1847 in which he said "freedom and equal rights have ever, and always will, exist in proportion to the knowledge of the people." <mask> graduated from Troy (NY) Female Seminary. <mask><mask> was not diagnosed until he was a teenager. <mask> preferred to hold the books close to his face, despite being fitted with glasses.<mask> received his early education in the Little Red School House of Northford, Connecticut. <mask> learned to read quickly in Connecticut, where books and money were hard to come by. While his mother did her weekly shopping, he befriended a nearby town's bookseller who allowed him to read. He was elected to the honor society at Western Reserve College in Hudson, Ohio. Nathan Augustus Seymour and Charles Augustus Young were two of <mask>'s favorite college professors. He and Young played chess every Wednesday evening. <mask> was the salutatorian at Western Reserve College and delivered his address in Latin.He studied law after graduation. <mask> was admitted to the Ohio Bar in 1868. He was admitted to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1903 and to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1910. <mask> and Robert E. Mix practiced law together in 1870. As partners retired or died, the law firm's name was changed. The firm is named Schneider Smeltz Spieth Bell. <mask> was special counsel for the Cleveland Railway in litigation against Tom L. <mask>.He helped with the writing of the grant. <mask> was an attorney for the Catholic Diocese of Northern Ohio, though he was not a Catholic. On May 5, 1884, <mask> was elected to the Cleveland Public Library's board of directors. He was elected president at a meeting of the "Board of Managers of the Public Library" on May 13, 1884, and served the following year in 1885 as president. He became Library Board President again in 1910. He was involved in the appointment of William Brett as director and Linda Eastman as his successor. During <mask>'s time at the library, Marilla was the head of the Main Library building.Cleveland Public Library was thought to have been mismanaged. <mask> and William had begun a survey to find out how other libraries were being managed. The Cleveland Public Library was able to establish branches, sub-branches, deposit stations, and delivery stations because of this. One of the earliest staff annuity plans for public employees was established by <mask>. <mask> and his father would engage in intellectual activities such as only speaking Latin one day, Greek another, and having a "Chess Day" where they would play chess by memory with neither pieces nor a board. <mask> preferred to relax by reading romantic novels and stories of the Wild West. There were hundreds of books on chess in his house.<mask> had a beard for a long time. He rode the streetcars between his home on Bolton Street and his office on East 89th Street. <mask> died at the age of 83. The Cleveland Public Library received 122 maps and four books from <mask><mask> in 1885. The number reached 25.000 by 1913. The Cleveland Public Library moved to a new building in 1913. The building provided space for <mask>'s collection to be open to the public.From the "chess walks" with his father to his collecting chess-related books, information, and materials, <mask><mask>'s fascination with chess was lifelong. "Over a period of some fifty years he conducted a determined quest, throughout the world, for desirable additions to his library," the chess master and author Al Horowitz wrote in 1969. <mask>'s donation of folklore and Orientalia books to the library was influenced by the fact that the library had few books about the Philippines, which the United States acquired, and the reduction in funds by the Mayor. <mask> agreed to help out with library financial assistance by purchasing books from his own pocket. When <mask> left the Cleveland Public Library Board in 1886, he noticed the library purchased cheaper, popular books, which prompted him to donate scholarly books to the library. To fill the void of his mother passing away, he had a vision of public service to the Cleveland Public Library. One of the personal copies of Das erste Jartausend der Schachlitteratur was turned into a personal inventory of his collection by <mask>.<mask> would note the items he owned within the text of the book but not the new titles that were published since 1880. <mask> wanted to collect everything published on chess as well as chess manuscripts and any other texts that were related to chess. <mask>'s chess library was used extensively by chess historian H.J. R. Murray in his book A History of Chess. The Cleveland Public Library received the <mask><mask> Collection on Folklore, Orientalia, and Chess. At the time of <mask>. There were 60,000 volumes in the collection of G<mask>. The collection was shaped by Gordon W. Thayer's perceptive knowledge and patterns set by <mask>.In 1969 an exhibit titled: "The Remarkable Mr. White" included medieval manuscripts, 16th century chivalry romances, treatises on astrology and witchcraft, books of proverbs and folklore, early dictionaries and grammars, and personal diaries. The John G. <mask> Chess and Checkers Collection is the largest chess library in the world with 32,568 volumes of books and serials. The John G. <mask> Folklore Collection is one of the largest in the nation. It is broadly defined in scope and international. Within geographic restrictions are primitive, peasant, native, and folk cultures. The materials on Asia, the Near and Middle East, Africa, Australia and Oceania are part of the <mask> G. <mask> Collection of Orientalia. Mr. <mask> left Cleveland for a fishing trip at his favorite mountain resort in Jackson Lake, Wyoming with his friend and former law associate T.A.McCaslin is going on a fishing trip. <mask> died of pneumonia four weeks into his vacation. The Reverend Dilworth Lupton conducted the funeral service at the First Unitarian Church. Judge <mask>. Hutchins was in attendance with many of <mask>'s young apprentices. The Cleveland Public Library closed in the afternoon. In attendance were the Cleveland Public Library administrators, the library's board members, and over 100 librarians. Mr. <mask> was a man who avoided the spotlight and publicity.His friends talk about his honesty, courage and speaking. He loves nature, people and books. He was a man who was loyal to a group of friends. <mask> on his trips to the American West and Canada, available via Cleveland Public Library. The John G. <mask> Archive contains biographical information, personal correspondence and photographs of Cleveland attorney, President of the Cleveland Public Library's Board of Trustees and internationally known chess collector. Chess enthusiasts and researchers, including Major Harry A. Auer, are included in the correspondences. Awards, personal records and professional legal papers are included in the collection.The <mask> Collection in the Cleveland Public Library is owned by <mask>, Trustee. The Cleveland Public Library has a copy of <mask>'s personal copy of Das erste Jartausend der Schachlitteratur.

masks:
John White Griswold
John White
Elizabeth Brainard White
White
White
Elizabeth White
John G
. White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
Johnson
White
White
White
White
White
John
White
White
White
John G
. White
White
John G
. White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
John G
. White
John
. White
White
White
White
John
White
White
White
John C
White
White
White
White
White
John White
White


texts: <mask> was an American writer who died in 1995. His works include The Body Snatchers and Time and Again. Invasion of the Body Snatchers and its remakes were based on the former. <mask> was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. When he was three years old, <mask> was renamed "<mask>" in honor of his father, who had died. He graduated from the college in 1934. They had two children, Kenneth and Marguerite.He moved with his family to California in the early 1950s after working for an advertising agency in New York City. He died of pneumonia and emphysema in Greenbrae, California, at the age of 84. The Office of War Information's "Loose Lips Sink Ships" campaign of World War II was reflected in <mask>'s first article, which was published in the December 1943 issue of Cosmopolitan. The point that was being driven home was that careless remarks by patriotic citizens can lead to the death of US servicemen. His story "The Widow's Walk" won a contest. 5 Against the House was his first novel. It was made into a movie the next year.The Body Snatchers was the basis for the movie Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Frank Sinatra plays the leader of a gang that pulls a daring robbery of the Queen Mary in the film assault on a queen. Time and Again was <mask>'s greatest success. Time travel to the past is a theme he had tried before in short stories. Simon is working in advertising in New York City when he is recruited for a secret government project to travel back in time. The New York City of 1882 was visited by Morley. The novel is notable for <mask>'s vivid and detailed picture of life in the city at that time and for the art and photographs supposedly made by Morley during his experiences, which are reproduced in the pages of the novel.The post office that stood in what is now the southern tip of City Hall Park is gone, as is the tallest building in the city. The World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement was given to <mask> in 1987. "Time Is Just a Place" was the basis for the second episode of Science Fiction Theatre. The first broadcast was on April 16 1955. The story was published in 1957 in The Third Level by Rhinehart and Company and later appeared in an episode of the Steven Spielberg-created anthology series. The first broadcast of Spielberg's version was in 1987. The sequel to Time and Again, titled From Time to Time, was published in 1995 and focuses on Manhattan in 1912.After finishing the book, <mask> died. The Saturday Evening Post published a short story called "The Love Letter" in 1959 and was the basis for the 1998 television movie. <mask>'s short story "The Third Level" was published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction in October 1952. Amigo! Shin-Ei animation film starring Akiko Yajima, Miki Narahashi, Keiji Fujiwara, Akeno Watanabe are based on The Body Snatchers. An academic journal article on time-slip in science fiction has a special reference to Time and Again and The Love Letter. <mask> was born on the 100th anniversary of his birth.There is an annotated bibliography with other materials. The Library of Congress has first edition paperbacks of <mask>'s works. The 20th century saw the deaths of American novelists, American science fiction writers, and American thriller writers.

masks:
Jack Finney
John Finney
Walter Braden Finney
Jack
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Jack Finney
Finney


texts: <mask> was born on July 24, 1976 in Northern Ireland. He is a member of the band Snow Patrol and has written songs for other artists. <mask> attended a number of schools, including St Columb's College. <mask> was the singer and writer of the band Vega4 and its second album You and Others. Its first single, "Life Is Beautiful", was featured on the US Contemporary Radio Charts Top 40 for 12 weeks in 2007, and the song was used for the theatrical trailer of My Sister's Keeper. <mask> was the first person to sign with Snow Patrol's publishing company. <mask> went on to play in the alternative rock band Snow Patrol.While on the road with Snow Patrol, <mask> was developing his unique style of writing and working with artists in a variety of genres, scoring a hit with Example's "Say Nothing" which went to number 2 in the UK singles chart in 2012 Biffy Clyro's song "Howl" is one of many collaborations with artists. One Tree Hill, The Hills, Pushing Daisies, and Defying Gravity are just a few of the television shows that have used <mask>'s songs. Land Rover, Jeep, and RT have all used his songs, as have Into the Blue and Sex Drive. <mask> produced a version of U2's "Unknown Caller" in January of 2010. <mask>'s studio, Fieldwork Music, in North London, is where he writes, produces, and mixes with and for various artists and writers. The single "This Is Not The End" was used in a trailer for the film Edge of Tomorrow.The Evolution of Man was released by Example. The debut single "Say Nothing", co-written with <mask>, was released in September 2012 and went to number two on the UK Official Charts. The song became the best selling song from the album. Digital Spy rated it four stars, saying that it was "an electronic anthem that's ready to take over the airwaves" and that it "maintains a sense of depth, proving that despite his questionable celebrity jibes his talent still comes out on top." <mask> has written and produced tracks for Ed Sheeran, Harry Styles, Carina Round, Gary Go, Example, Birdy, and Biffy Clyro. He has worked with many people. He wrote and produced the title track for the movie House of Fools, which was directed by Academy Award-nominated director Eva Isaksen."Time of Our Lives" was the number one club chart single from the album Reflections. The number one club chart hit was written and performed by him. The single won Best Track at the awards. At some shows, <mask> has performed with Paul van Dyk. <mask> and Gary Lightbody performed at a concert in Derry to mark the opening of the UK City of Culture year. <mask> moved to Nashville, Tennessee to work with Ed Sheeran on his second album. Both Sheeran and <mask> moved to Los Angeles to work on their second records.In November of last year, Sheeran posted a picture of himself and McDaid on social media stating that they had been making the record together for two years and that it was complete. The hit song "Bloodstream", which was co-written by <mask>, was nominated for a Best Song Musically and Lyrical award. <mask> Williams and Gary Go. <mask>'s first hit was co-written with Ed Sheeran and Steve Mac. The song was number 1 in the US and UK for four weeks. The song had 240,000 downloads in the first week of its release, with over 12 million streams in the first 48 hours.Pink's single "What About Us" was co-written by <mask>. The single "Rest of Our Life" was written by <mask>, Ed Sheeran, Amy Wadge, and Steve Mac. Courteney Cox and <mask> began dating in late 2013. The couple got engaged on 26 June. Cox said that the couple broke off their engagement but are still together. <mask> splits his time between the UK and the US, where Cox lives. <mask> has a tattoo on his left arm that reads "When I need to get home you're my guiding light".<mask>'s younger sister Maev has the same tattoo as Ed Sheeran. The song was written for <mask>'s father who died in 2011. "Guiding Light" was recorded with two people on vocals and a piano. References for songwriting and production credits can be found on <mask>'s website. The original was published on December 16, 2011. People educated at St Columb's College were born in 1976.

masks:
John McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaidRobbie
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
Johnny McDaid


texts: <mask> was an English actor and theatre manager. He married and then divorced the actress. Bourchier played both Shakespeare and contemporary plays, including works by W. S. Gilbert and <mask>. For a total of eight years, he was the manager of several West End theatres. Bourchier was a member of the Labour Party. <mask> was born in England. He was the son of Captain <mask>.He attended both Oxford University and Christ Church, where he played cricket. He acted in The Merchant of Venice with a group of amateur actors. Bourchier founded the Oxford University Dramatic Society after Benjamin Jowett encouraged him. Bourchier played many characters with the OUDS. Jaques in As You Like It was <mask>'s first professional appearance. He played the part of Robin Hood in The Foresters at the premiere in London, after he traveled to America to appear with Augustin Daly's company. In 1893, he appeared with the elder sister of another person in a production.Their daughter, Prudence <mask>, was born the following year. She took the stage name Vanbrugh. In 1895, Bourchier became lessee of the Royalty Theatre, which he used to stage many productions, including The Chili Widow and Mr and Mrs. Monsieur de Paris. Bourchier, Vanbrugh and her sister were in America in 1897. Vanbrugh played the title role in Teresa, which he produced at the Metropole. <mask> and Charles Wyndham produced His Excellency the Governor, Lady Huntworth's Experiment, and The Noble Lord. He was the lessee of the theatre.He produced many plays, starring himself and Vanbrugh, including The Bishop's Move, My Lady Virtue, Whitewashing Julia, The Arm of the Law and W. S. Gilbert's The Fairy's Dilemma. Alfred Sutro's production of The Walls of Jericho ran for 423 performances. In November 1901, <mask> and Vanbrugh performed before King Edward VII in Dr Johnson's company, and in November 1905 in The Merchant of Venice at Windsor. John Glayde's Honour was where they toured in 1908. In 1910, Bourchier appeared in Shakespearian roles including Bottom in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Brutus in Julius Caesar, Sir Toby Belch in Twelfth Night and Ford to Tree's Falstaff. He played the title character in Henry VIII with a silent film of a shortened version of the play starring Tree and Vanbrugh. In 1913, <mask> and Vanbrugh produced their own movie in Germany.The Garrick was managed by Bourchier for two years in 1912. In 1913, he appeared in a revival of London Assurance in aid of King George's Actors' pension fund. He reprised his role as Brutus in Julius Caesar at the Theatre Royal in 1916. Bourchier took over management of His Majesty's. He created the part of Old Bill in The Better 'Ole at the Oxford Music Hall, which ran for over 800 performances. The marriage of Bourchier and Vanbrugh was becoming difficult as they continued to play in Shakespeare and other pieces. "He treated her very much as Henry VIII treated Anne Boleyn, except he didn't cut off her head," said a contemporary.They toured together in 1916, but then separated and divorced in 1918. Bourchier was married to a younger actress in 1918 and continued to appear in contemporary melodramas. The Strand Theatre was managed by Bourchier from 1919 to 1923. He appeared as Long John Silver there in 1922. B. Fagan adapted Treasure Island. In 1923, he brought the play back to the Strand. He appeared in Hugh Ford's film The Great Day in 1921.He played Iago in 1920. <mask> wrote a pamphlet for the Independent Labour Party about art and culture in relation to socialism. He was the Labour Party candidate for Gloucester at the time of his death. The Conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. <mask> embarked on a tour of South Africa in the last year of his life. His departure was marked by a luncheon at Claridge's where he was presented with a bronze bust of himself by old members of the OUDS in recognition of his work in founding and later subsidising the society. Bourchier died of pneumonia at the age of 64 after becoming ill in South Africa.The Manchester Guardian wrote of Bourchier, "A certain coarseness, a certain bluff geniality and with it a certain slyness, were all part of his composition as a stage personality, but in spite of his great vitality, it was not violent or enthusiastic." He was always a prominent figure in the theatrical world. He brought to his work an enthusiasm for the stage which gave to performances not artistically distinguished. Sometimes his interpretations seemed to be misguided and his methods extravagantly theatrical, but here at least was an actor who was never colourless and, therefore, seldom dull. The critic said that even murder can't be as serious as Bourchier's work. Gilbert said that Bourchier's Hamlet may have been written by Shakespeare. The author is the one who should have the coffins opened.Pearson and Hesketh are mentioned in the notes. There are links to births and deaths from 1863 to 1927 in Gilbert and Sullivan.

masks:
Arthur Bourchier
Arthur Wing Pinero
Bourchier
Charles John Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier