texts: A Canadian is a professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association. After his freshman season at the University of Kentucky, he was drafted by the Utah Jazz. In his senior year of high school in Indianapolis, he was ranked as one of the best high school basketball players in the U.S., and he was recruited by Kentucky, Indiana, and Louisville. During his freshman year of high school, Lyles originally committed to Indiana, but later changed his mind. Lyles signed a letter of intent to attend the University of Kentucky. In his senior year of high school, he averaged 23.7 points, 12.9 rebound, and 3.5 assists, as well as leading his team to the IHSAA Class 4A State Championship game with a 63-59 victory over Lake Central. James Blackmon Jr., who signed with Indiana University, was voted Mr. Basketball by fellow high school seniors.College career Lyles attended the University of Kentucky. Kentucky's six-game exhibition series in Nassau, Bahamas was disrupted by a leg injury to Lyles. As a freshman, he was named to the All-SEC Freshman Team and helped lead the Cats to a Final Four appearance. On April 9, 2015, Willie Cauley-Stein, Andrew Harrison, and other Kentucky teammates declared to enter their names into the NBA draft. On June 25, 2015, <mask> was selected with the 12th overall pick in the NBA draft by the Utah Jazz. He signed his contract with the Jazz on July 7. Over the first two months of his career, he averaged 3.0 points and 3.6 rebound per game.He scored in double figures for the first time in his career on January 4 when he had 13 points against Houston. He scored a season-high 19 points in a loss to the Kings on January 14, and he recorded 10 rebound for the first time in a win over the Miami Heat on January 9. On February 3, he was named a Rising Stars Challenge participant at the 2016 NBA All-Star Weekend, replacing the injured Nikola Miroti on the World Team roster. He scored a career-high 22 points in a win over the Denver Nuggets. The draft rights to Tyler Lydon were traded to the Denver Nuggets in exchange for the draft rights to Donovan Mitchell. He scored 18 points in a win over the Los Angeles Lakers. He scored a career-high 25 points in an overtime loss to the Pacers.He set a new career high with 26 points in a win over the Utah Jazz. The San Antonio Spurs signed Lyles on July 12, 2019. On February 6, 2020, Lyles had a double-double, scoring a season-high 23 points while grabbing 10 rebound and two steals in a 125-117 loss against the Portland Trail blazers. On February 29, 2020, he scored 20 points, nine rebound, two assists, four steals, and one block in a win over the Magic. In a 116–111 loss against the Indiana Pacers on March 2, 2020, Lyles had 20 points, three assists, and two steals. On July 15, 2020, it was reported that Lyles would be out for the rest of the season. On August 6, 2021, <mask> signed with the Detroit Pistons.On February 10, 2022, <mask> was acquired by the Sacramento Kings in a four-team trade. He had trained in the United States before his sophomore year of high school. He played for Canada's Junior men's national team. Canada's 6th-place finish at the FIBA Under-19 World Championship in the summer of 2013 was the best finish in the tournament's history, and it was due in part to the play of <mask> and Tyler Ennis. Basketball players from Canada and the United States are at the 2015 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four.

masks: Lyles Lyles Lyles Lyles


type: paraphrased

texts: For Bread Alone (al-Khubz al-Hafi), which was described by the American, is a novel by a Moroccan author. He was born in Ayt Chiker, a small village in the Rif mountains in the Nador province, in 1935. He was raised in a poor family. He ran away from his father and became a homeless child in the poor neighbourhoods of Tangier, surrounded by misery, prostitution, violence and drug abuse. He became a teacher at the age of 20 after learning how to read and write. His family name is connected to the name Ayt Chiker, which is the tribe cluster he belonged to before fleeing hunger to Tangier. In the rural Rif family names were rarely registered, it is most likely that he adopted this name later in Tangier.He met several people in the 1960s, including Paul Bowles, Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams. In 1966 a story titled "Al-Unf ala al-shati" was published in Al-adab. The English translation of Al-khoubz Al-Hafi was a success. The book was published in Arabic in 1982 and thencensored in Morocco from 1983 to 2000. The book was translated into 30 different languages. His trilogy consists of For Bread Alone, Time of Mistakes or Streetwise, and Faces. He wrote short stories in the 1960s and 1970s.He is known for his accounts of his encounters with the writers Jean Genet and Tennessee Williams. All three volumes of Telegram Books were in one volume. On November 15, 2003 <mask> died of cancer at the military hospital of Rabat. He was buried on 17 November at the Marshan cemetery in Tangier, with an audience of the minister of culture, numerous government officials, and the spokesman of the king of Morocco. <mask>, the president of the foundation, owned his copyrighted manuscripts and personal writings before he died. He provided for his servant for 22 years before he died. During a famine, a poor family in Had, Bni Chiker gave birth to a boy named <mask>.He dealt with an abusive father and was one of many children. His mother tongue was a dialect of the Amazigh language. He and his family fled poverty to the city of Tétouan. He served a french family in the Rif of French Algeria and helped sailors who arrived in Tangier learn Spanish. He was in the company of prostitutes. His father was a cruel dictator and he was accused of murdering his wife and younger brother. After a family dispute, he left them at 11 years old, living on the streets of Tangier, pilfering to survive, and occasionally resorting to prostitution.He met someone at the age of 20 who was willing to teach him to read and write. He met someone who was willing to help him learn to read and write in Standard Arabic, a strange language for him and to many who weren't formally educated. He left for Larache at the age of 21 to enroll in a primary school. He became a teacher through the Ecole Normale. When he returned to Tangier in the 1960s, he continued to frequent bars and brothels, and began to write his story in Arabic, candidly and showing no reserve when detailing his sexual experiences, which was utterly at odds with the mores of Morocco and the Arab world at the time. Despite the criticism, <mask>'s daring and frank style won him literary fame. The writer and composer Paul Bowles was an American who lived in Tangier for decades.In 1973, the novel For Bread Alone was translated and arranged for it to be published in the United Kingdom by Peter Owen. When the book was published in English, it became an international success, but it also caused controversy in the Arab world. Following the advice of the religious authorities, the Arabic edition was banned in Morocco. It was said to have offended people because of its references to drug abuse and teenage sexual experiences. In 2000, For Bread Alone was finally published. In 1999, For Bread Alone was removed from the syllabus of a modern Arabic Literature course at the American University in Cairo due to some sexually explicit passages, prompting some observers to criticize the "ban" and blame government censorship. Hosni Mubarak, president of Egypt, ordered the removal of the book from the shelves.The Egyptian government engaged in book banning in that period on a wide scale, despite the fact that the government does little to prevent it. The academic and literary community largely supported her use of the novel through a letter-writing campaign. He believed that he had secured a home for his literary work, which was most important to him. Roberto de Hollanda, the author's literary agent for many years, says that the last will and testament disappeared after the author's death. Securing his literary legacy was of paramount importance to Choukri, but the promises that were made to him were not kept, according to the literary agent. The choice was made by <mask>ri. He was worried that the government might stop funding his cancer treatment if he gave away his rights to a foreign entity.It would have been terrible to give them to a country that had once colonized and oppressed Morocco. Films For Bread Alone was adapted to cinema in 2004. It was starred by Said Taghmaoui. The film was shown at the Festival of Casablanca.

masks:
Mohamed Choukri
Mohamed Achari
Mohamed Choukri
Choukri
Mohamed Chouk


texts: The Dutch Reformed Church in the Dutch colony of New Netherland had a dominie named <mask>nsis. He is credited with being the first Protestant missionary to the Indians in North America. He was a minister in Manhattan during the English takeover in 1664. A Short Account of the Mohawk Indians, their Country, Language, Figure, Costume, Religion, and Government, first published from his letters by friends in 1644 in North Holland, was translated into English in 1790 and printed in Philadelphia. Father Jogues was a French missionary and he was assisted by him. The priest was taken captive by the Mohawk and was serving as a missionary. Megapolensis went to New Amsterdam to return to Holland.He was told by the governor to remain and do the duties of pastor. He helped facilitate a smooth transition to British rule. Megapolensis was born in Koendyck in 1603. <mask> was a Protestant minister in Egmont-aan-Zee. The family name came from the original van Mecelenburg. The original name was von Grootstede, according to another source. A.J.F. had translations of the Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts.The nephew of <mask>, Sr. married the daughter of his wife's first marriage, according to van Laer. After abandoning Catholicism in his youth, he became a Protestant clergyman. In 1634 he was a pastor. He was the minister at Schoorl four years later. The younger <mask> was married in the Netherlands. The couple had at least four children there. <mask> was a surgeon at Fort Orange.Hillegond married the secretary to the colonial Council in 1654. In 1642 Megapolensis was hired by Kiliaen van Rensselaer to serve as a minister in his territory. The contract lasted six years. The Directors of the Dutch West India Company maintained that they alone had the authority to commission clergy for the colony. The parties resolved their differences as the ship was about to leave. Governor Kieft wanted to rebuild the church in Fort Amsterdam after learning that Van Rensselaer planned to build a church upriver. He served in New Netherland and later Fort Orange.The family lived in New York before moving to Fort Orange. In the event of disagreements between the chief administrator, Arent van Curler, and the chief legal officer, Adriaen van der Donck, Megapolensis should try to resolve the dispute with the older, mature clergyman. Megapolensis is believed to be the first Protestant missionary to Native Americans in North America. The Mohawk territory was west of Fort Orange and extended up to the St. Lawrence River and down to the Delaware River. Mohawks spent the night in Dutch houses during the summer trading season. He recorded a lot of information about the Mohawk people and their culture. A Short Account of the Mohawk Indians, their Country, Language, Figure, Costume, Religion, and Government was published in North Holland in 1644.This was done without his permission. The account was published in the Netherlands in 1651. The first English translation was written by Hazard in Philadelphia and revised by Brodhead in 1856. A version was printed in the United States in 1909. In his letters, Megapolensis described the abundance of game, birds and other wildlife in the area and compared it to that of Germany. Marriage customs and culture were described by Megapolensis. He characterized the Mohawk ritual torture of captives as cruel, but noted that they rarely killed people in their culture despite their lack of laws and authorities.His home country of the Netherlands has a much higher rate of murders. The minister helped the French Catholic missionary escape captivity when he was held by the Mohawk. They were hostile to Jogues because of the French attacks. The Mohawk captured Jogues in the autumn of 1642 and brought him to their village. Arent van Curler went to the "first castle" of the Mohawks to try to get Jogues, but they were not willing to release him at that time. The Mohawk were persuaded to bring the priest with them when they came to Beverwijck. Van Curler helped Jogues escape.The dominie helped hide the priest until a deal could be reached. Jogues stayed with the pastor while waiting for the ship to take him to France. Franois-Joseph Bressani was also kidnapped the following year. Megapolensis was asked to become the chief minister of the Dutch church in New Amsterdam after he finished his term of ministry. The dominie was initially reluctant and had to be persuaded. His wife sailed to New Amsterdam in 1650 after he decided to stay. In New Amsterdam, Megapolensis was responsible for mission stations in Bergen, New Jersey, the village of Haarlem, and occasionally in Brooklyn.Samuel Drisius was sent to London by the Amsterdam classis to help Megapolensis. The land in the city was purchased in 1656 by Megapolensis. New Netherland's Lutherans petitioned for permission for public worship. The authorities in the colony and Amsterdam were against it as it was seen as reducing the Reformed congregation. The Lutherans wrote the Lutheran consistory in Amsterdam to send a good, God-fearing preacher, since among the Reformed here there is one who formerly was a Jesuit. They meant Dominie Megapolensis. They said the liturgy used was too similar to the Papal church.On March 18, 1655, he sent a letter to the Classis at Amsterdam, noting that some Jews came from Holland in order to trade. They wouldn't lend them a few stivers if I told them to go to the Jewish merchants. The followers of the "unrighteous Mammon" wanted to get possession of Christian property and to outdo other merchants by drawing all trade toward themselves. The Jesuit Simon Le Moyne traveled from Ossernenon to Fort Orange and then to New Amsterdam to attend a Jesuit seminary. He called Megapolensis to thank him for his kindness. In 1664, he and his son Samuel were advisers to Stuyvesant, the governor of the city, who was trying to surrender New Amsterdam to the English. The West India Company blamed the capitulation on the councilors and clergymen for saving their houses next to the fort.According to Susanah Shaw Romney, his daughter and her friend crossed enemy lines to negotiate with the English. After their return, a council of residents and colonial leaders presented Stuyvesant with English terms, and he allowed a group of Amsterdammers to negotiate the peaceful handover. As New York was renamed by the English, the minister helped establish the rights of the Reformed Church. Dutch citizens testified under oath to their loyalty to the West India Company after his role in the surrender. According to some accounts, Megapolensis returned to Holland a few years later, where he died. Samuel, the associate pastor at New Amsterdam, returned to Holland. <mask> died in New York in 1669 or 1670.In Mohawk Country: Early Narratives about a Native People was written by William A. Starna.

masks:
Johannes Megapole
Johannes
Johannes
Megapolensis
Johannes
Johannes


texts: <mask> was born in Athens, Greece, on April 28, 1941. Island of Death was the best known exploitation horror film of all time. Mastorakis scored his first international scoop at the age of 18 when he was a reporter with the Greek newspaper Ethnikos Kirikas. He was an investigative reporter for the daily Messimvrini and created the first "automobile page" in Greek press. In his last job as a reporter for the daily Apogevmatini, he pretended to be a musician in order to gain access to the yacht where Onassis hosted the Kennedys. He used a Minox camera hidden behind the strings of his guitar to take photos but was discovered by Ted Kennedy's security men and, although he was able to fly out of Skorpios with his negatives intact, he was later arrested by the junta's secret police. He broke the news that Onassis and Kennedy were getting married months before the official announcement.Peter Evans, the biographer of Onassis, wrote about <mask>' time on the Onassis yacht in Ari and Nemesis. <mask> was considered by many to be the DJ who brought international pop to Greek radio and he was already a radio personality. He hosted and produced 22 different radio shows. He was introduced to The Beatles in the late sixties and became friendly with John Lennon. On April 17, 1967, he produced the first ever international pop concert in Athens, booking the Rolling Stones for a memorable albeit troubled concert, dominated by police and amidst the riots which regularly occurred in Athens at the time. The coup took place four days later. He launched the careers of almost all of the Greek pop groups of the sixties, working with the Forminx and Vangelis Papathanassiou.Greek television was created in the late 1960s by Mastorakis. He hosted and produced entertainment shows in the army-owned YENED TV station from 1966 to 1973, when Greece was under the Regime of the Colonels. While the station's primary goal was to propagandize for the army his shows were mostly apolitical fare, such as game shows and celebrity interviews, and he was among the most popular TV personalities of the time. He worked for the country's national TV network and produced local versions of international formats. He directed and produced Salt and Pepper, a show hosted by Freddy Germanos. John Lennon and Yoko Ono were brought into the military TV studio by Mastorakis. Invasion From Another Planet, the first Greek TV show to be shot on film, was written, produced and directed by him.His TV career took a dramatic turn when he was ousted by the junta twice for speaking freely. His shows were banned for the first time because of a comment he made to a girl in a kiddies show, "how can you ever buy a Christmas tree with the cost of life as they are today?" He was ousted from TV because he interviewed a girl who had married and had a baby when he was in the navy. The interview was considered to be corruption of ethics for the Greek family by Papadopoulos. Mastorakis was producing "underground" for almost a year until his final return. His career as a journalist was disrupted by the junta. He was arrested and held at the military police headquarters for a day after writing about a concert in London for Epikera.<mask> was hired by publisher Georgios Athanassiadis for the daily Vradini, which was shut down by the junta and was about to be published again. The regime used <mask>' popularity to repair its image after the Athens Polytechnic uprising. A number of students who had been arrested during the events were interviewed in prison during an interview set up and broadcast. Mastorakis claimed that he had assurances from the Minister of Press that the interview would not becensored and that the students would not be prosecuted for speaking freely. After the fall of the regime in 1974, the students were released from prison and stated that they had been beaten and threatened with legal and extra-legal punishment unless they cooperated in the interview. The new management of the Greek TV stations wanted nothing to do with him, even though he claimed that he had been coerced into making the show. Mastorakis left the country in 1975 to pursue his career as a B-movie-maker overseas after he was unable to work in public television.He had already made two low budget movies, one of which became a cult classic (Island of Death) and while living in London he wrote the screenplay for The Greek Tycoon, a roman  clef based on his encounters with Aristotle Onassis. The movie was financed by Allan Klein and was distributed by Universal. Mastorakis had a two-year contract with Paramount but turned independent with Blood Tide. He has written, produced and directed 17 low budget films, with awards attached, that have been distributed by major studios and mainstream TV networks. He wrote two published novels, Fire Below Zero and Keepers of the Secret, with Barnaby Conrad, and was instrumental in the careers of Hans Zimmer, Kirstie Alley, Valeria Golino and award-winning composer Vangelis. He launched Antenna TV in Greece in 1989. He created a new independent TV network in 1993.He hosted a late night talk show and reworked the beauty pageants. Goodnight, Mom and Divorced With Children, and Not the ANT1 News are comedies he wrote and directed. He launched his own radio station in 1995 called Radio Gold. His film "Mykonos, the Soul of an Island" won five awards from prestigious U.S. and international festivals. The Greek Tycoon, Death Has Blue Eyes, Blood Tide, Blind Date, The Next One, Sky High, The Zero Boys, The Wind, Terminal Exposure Glitch, Nightmare at Noon, Bloodstone, Grandmother's House, Darkroom, Ninja Academy.

masks: Mastorakis Mastorakis Mastorakis Mastorakis Mastorakis


texts: <mask> was born on August 3, 1952 and is an American author, film director, screenwriter, and public speaker. He is the son of a theologian. He became a Hollywood film director and author, writing several internationally acclaimed novels depicting life in a strict evangelical household. In his youth, he was a conservative, fundamentalist Christian, but now he is a liberal Democrat and a Christian. He is north of Boston. In 1990 he converted from Presbyterian Calvinism to Eastern Orthodox Christianity and gave lectures on his reasons for rejecting conservative evangelical Protestantism. The traditional positions of the Orthodox Churches on matters of sexual morality have been criticized by him.Baby Jack is a novel about a US Marine killed in Iraq. His non-fiction books include Keeping Faith: A Father-Son Story About Love and the United States Marine Corps, co-written with his son John, and AWOL: The Unexcused Absence of America's Upper. In his book, "Crazy for God: How I Grew Up As One of the Elect, Helped Found the Religious Right and Lived to Take All (or Almost All) of It Back," he goes into more detail about what it was like to grow up. In Sex, Mom, and God, he wrote about growing up with his parents and their role in the rise of the American religious right, as well as the root of the "insanity and corruption" of US politics. The first and third books of the God trilogy are memoirs. His spirituality is described in the second one, Patience with God: Faith for People Who Don't Like Religion (or Atheism). The New Atheists and Christian fundamentalism are critiqued in the first half.In his book Why I Am an Atheist Who Believes in God, he said that even though he attends church every weekend and prays, "I do not always believe, let alone know, if God exists." There are long patches in my life when it seems God never existed. One of the goals of his book is to unhook young evangelicals from their faith. Political views have gone from being conservative to being liberal. Jack Kemp, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and George W. Bush were some of the presidents that the father and son attended meetings with when they were young. Reagan's book Abortion and the Conscience of a Nation was produced by <mask>. I left the Religious Right in the mid 1980s after I realized how anti-American they were.He registered as an independent after the 2000 election after working for John McCain in the Republican primaries. On February 7, 2008, in an article titled "Why I'm Pro-life and Pro-Obama," he endorsed Senator Barack Obama for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination. He wrote that his late father was invited to lunch with the presidents after he denounced America and called for the overthrow of the US government. The letter was published in the Baltimore Sun newspaper. The letter implored McCain to arrest the tone of the Republican Party's election campaign. There was a danger that fringe groups in America could goaded into violence. If you don't stand up for what is good in America, you will be held responsible for everything that follows.In an interview on October 23, 2009, <mask> said his and his father's position on abortion was co-opted by people looking for an issue that could shift political power within America. The Republican Party's pro-life position on abortion was criticized by Rod Dreher and other conservative Christians. Why I am an unbeliever who believes in God is a self-published book. "Billy", Colorado: Outskirts Press, 2013. Sex, Mom, and God is a book about how the Bible's take on sex led to crazy politics and how I learned to love women. The book "patience with God" is about faith for people who don't like religion. How Free People Move Mountains is a book written by a male Christian Conservative and a female Jewish Liberal."Crazy for God" is a book about how I grew up as one of the elect, helped found the religious right, and lived to take all of it back. Baby Jack: A Novel was published in New York. AWOL: The Unexcused Absence of America's Upper Classes from Military Service--and How It Hurts Our Country was published in New York. "Voices from the Front: Letters Home From American's Military Family" was published in 2004. The Wartime Diary of a Marine's Father is the third military trilogy. The second part of the military trilogy, Zermatt: A Novel, was published in New York. Keeping Faith: A Father–Son Story About Love and the U.S. Marine Corps was published in 2002.Saving Grandma: A Novel is the first of a trilogy. The second letter in the Calvin Becker trilogy was written to Father Aristotle. The quest for Orthodox faith in the age of false religion is called Dancing Alone. The first novel in the Calvin Becker trilogy, Sham Pearls for Real Swine, was published in 1990. Is capitalism Christian? Crossway Books was published in 1985. Bad News for Modern Man as <mask> <mask>, Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1984.A Modest Proposal was written by Harold Fickett. A Time for Anger: The Myth of Neutrality was published in 1982. Crossway Books published Addicted to Mediocrity: 20th Century Christians and the Arts in 1982. How should we live? The rise and fall of Western thought and culture. <mask> produced his father's film series, which was released with a book by the same title. What happened to the human race?The year 1979. A book about a Christian response to abortion, euthanasia, and infanticide was released by the same title. The movie "wired to kill" was released in 1986. A writer and a director. There is a post- apocalyptic action film starring Devin Hoelscher and Merritt Butrick. The Headhunter was released in 1989. Director.John Fatooh, June Chadwick, and Steve Kanaly are in the film. There was a storm in 1990. Director. A futuristic action film starring June Chadwick andZach Galligan. A baby is on a board. Director. The Judge and Carol Kane are in the comedy.Crazy for God is a Republican and conservative expression of support for Barack Obama.

masks:
Frank Schaeffer
Schaeffer
Schaeffer
Franky
Schaeffer
Frank


texts: <mask> was an attorney, politician, and plantation owner. He was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia. <mask> was related to the First Families of Virginia through his mother. Thomas Jefferson was one of the clients of <mask>'s commission merchant, Brown, Rives and Company, after he became a commission merchant himself. He built a plantation in Nelson County in 1802 where he would bury his wife. His personal estate was valued at $100,000 and included lands in several counties. William C<mask> would become a Virginia and federal legislator as well as a U.S. Minister to France.<mask> wrote books about the early history of Virginia as well as The Cabells and their Kin. He graduated from the University of Virginia in the 19th century. Like his father and other family members, <mask> operated his plantations using enslaved labor. He owned a man, a woman, and a girl in the 1830 federal census. There were 17 enslaved men and boys and 13 enslaved women and girls at the time. In the 1850 federal census, <mask> owned 69 slaves. In the last prewar census, <mask> owned 66 slaves.In 1850, his brother or nephew owned 43 slaves. William C<mask> owned more enslaved people in the Frederickville section than his brother. Judge <mask> entered the federal judicial service in 1871 and continued to operate the farms using paid labor. In addition to his private legal practice, <mask> was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates several times, but failed to be re-elected many times. He served one term in the Virginia Senate after being elected to it. After the American Civil War, <mask> became the ninth Rector of the University of Virginia. He was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia.William C<mask> also opposed the policy of President Martin Van Buren. In 1844, <mask> joined the Whig party. Richard Thomas Walker Duke defeated <mask> in the 1870 race for the United States House of Representatives. Duke's son said that <mask> became a "scalawag" republican. <mask> was able to remove Duke's disability from seeking office without charging his usual fee. On February 3, 1871, President Grant nominated <mask> to the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia, a new seat authorized by 16 Stat. A hundred and forty five.The United States Senate confirmed him on February 6, 1871. He retired on August 1, 1882. In the 19th century, the Equal Protection rights of two criminal defendants were violated by the exclusion of blacks from jury service in Virginia state courts. The Reynolds decision was denounced by the Virginia General Assembly. In three decisions issued on March 1, 1880, the Supreme Court agreed in principle with <mask>, but overruled his reasoning in Virginia v. <mask>ordering him to return jurisdiction over the petitioners to the Commonwealth. In Ex parte Virginia, the court confirmed federal authority to enforce the rights of African Americans to serve on juries. In Batson, the Supreme Court ruled that the use of peremptory challenges where exclusion was made on the basis of race was unconstitutional.The last years of <mask>' life were spent at "Eastbourne Terrace" in Charlottesville, where he died in 1873. On September 17, 1885, <mask> died in Virginia. He was laid to rest beside his wife and son. The University of Virginia has some of <mask>' papers. Oak Ridge, where <mask> was born, is an event and wedding venue that was sold in 1867. The building was renovated by Thomas Fortune Ryan and John Holland Jr.

masks:
Alexander Rives
Robert Rives
Robert Rives
. Rives
Alexander Brown
Rives
Rives
Rives
. Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives
. Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives
Rives


texts: <mask><mask> is an American immunologist who is a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and is the Chief at Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He trained in Internal Medicine at the University of Athens and Georgetown University/VA Medical Center in Washington DC. He was a member of the Uniformed Services/Walter Reed community from 1987 to 2007. He joined the Beth Israel Medical Center as Chief of  rhythym and clinical immunology in 2007. The Philip Hench Award is from the American College of Physicians. The field of immunology has been opened by his research findings. The lab uses human material and genetically engineered mice to perform studies on immune and kidneys cells.He has combined human and mouse studies in a way that involves the generation of new mice based on his findings in patients with SLE. Molecules that are identified to contribute to immune cell malfunction are further exploited by constructing normal or lupus-prone mice engineered to express or lack each molecule to confirm their significance. A number of targets have been entered by pharma. The identification of novel therapeutic targets, which are in various phases of clinical development, was the result of <mask>' research into T cells in patients with SLE. They give excessive help to B cells to produce autoantibodies, they fail to raise cytotoxic responses, and they produce excessive amounts of IL-17. Over the last 40 years, his work has been guided by the simple hypothesis that biochemical, metabolic, and molecular abnormality inside the T cell should explain the apparent dichotomy in function. This quest has evolved into more than one project.T cell signaling in SLE was discovered by <mask>. The work he did confirmed that the T lymphocytes from patients with SLE display increased and that the T cell receptor is rewired. The development of Syk and Rock inhibitors for the treatment of patients with lupus has been brought to the forefront by his line of research. It has led to the development of a T cell score and the monitoring of aggregated lipid rafts. The pathway that is responsible for the decreased CD8 T cells function has been identified. CREM Alpha is increased in SLE T cells, binding to the IL-2 promoter, and suppresses its transcription not only by virtue of lacking transactivating domains, but also by recruiting HDAC1 and closing the IL. Increased expression of CREM Alpha in SLE T cells is controlled through the AP1 binding to the P1 promoter.Epigenetic changes of the IL 17A and IL 17F genes can explain the increased amounts of IL 17 that CD 2-CRE Ma mice produce. The expanded effector/memory T cells in SLE patients are explained by CREM's epigenetic modifications of the IL-2 and IL 17 genes. The study of CREM dysregulation has provided an explanation for why SLE T cells don't produce IL-2. The use of low dose IL-2 and anti-IL17 has been encouraged by this line of research. CREM was found to account for the increased production of IL 17 by promoting the activity ofglutaminase 1 and suppressing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase P2 thus revealing direct links between CREM and cell metabolism controlling enzymes. In patients with SLE, CD3 positive but CD4 and CD8 negative T cells are expanded in order to provide help to B cells. They are involved in the treatment of patients with the disease.CD8 positive cells appear to derive from double negative cells. Many laboratories have been encouraged to study the importance of IL 17 in the development of the disease because of this line of research. CaMK4 is increased in SLE T cells and is responsible for the increased binding of CREMA to the IL-2 promoter. Disease prevention and reversal can be achieved with the inhibition of CaMK4 in mice. The deletion of Camk4 in MRLlpr mice suppresses autoimmunity and glomerulonephritis by limiting mesangial cell proliferation. Th17 cells and related pathology can be expanded through the Akt/mTOR pathway. The therapeutic value of targeting CaMK4 in T cells and mesangial cells is high.The first Ser/Thr Phosphatase (PP2A) in Autoimmunity Decreased Interleukin-2 production in humans and mice is multifactorial. Increased PP2A in T cells from patients with SLE resulted in decreased binding of pCREB to the IL-2 promoter. Epigenetic changes in the PP2A promoter can explain increased PP2A in SLE patients. Increased PP2A was found to account for the decreased levels of pElf1 which is an enhancer for CD3 and increased levels of active SP1 which is an enhancer of CREM. When challenged with anti-GBM, a CD2PP2Ac mouse displays increased IL 17 levels. The SLE T cells are likely to have a long survival of activated autoreactive T cells. PP2A contributes to the production.The concept of PP2A controlling specific lymphocyte functions is appealing because we can correct the levels of the PP2A subunits. Other subunits control the production of IL-2 and autoantibody. Severe early auto/ inflammatory syndrome can be caused by the deletion of PP2A. The role of complement activation in tissue injury and regeneration was established by <mask>. This is the first time that it has been shown that C3 can be activated in the gut prior to reperfusion. His work confirmed that an anaphylatoxin molecule of complement activation "C3a" supports intestinal regeneration. There is a correlation between injury severity score and deposition of C4d and C5b-9 in human subjects of trauma and patients with severe trauma maintain high deposition of complement components for at least 72 hours.A novel system to culture Podocytes was developed by his group. <mask> proposed a biophysical approach called macromolecular crowding as a means to create ECM-rich tissue equivalents and decellularization. He provided evidence that the decellularized matrix produced by human fibroblasts supports the microenvironment of the cell and can be used for diagnostics and drug discovery purposes. <mask> is a member of multiple US Federal study sections and has served as President of the Clinical Immunology Society. He has served on the editorial boards of dozens of scientific journals, including the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Section Editor of the Journal of Immunology and Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Immunology. He directs a National Institutes of Health-sponsored T32 training program on Systemic Autoimmunity. The Association of American Physicians, Fellow of the American Association for the advancement of Sciences and Master of the American College of Physicians are some of the organizations that <mask> has been elected to.He has degrees from Harvard University and three other universities. The Philip Hench Award from the American College of Physicians is one of the awards he has received. He was the recipient of the Lupus Insight Award and the 2016 Howard and Martha Holley Award from the University of Alabama. He received an award from the National Institutes of Health. The American College of Rheumatology has a Board of Directors. He was president of the Council of the University of Athens. People missing a year of birth are referred to as living people.

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George C
. Tsokos
Tsokos
Tsokos
Tsokos
Tsokos
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Tsokos


texts: His ring name is better known as a retired Japanese professional wrestler. He is best known for his 33 years in New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where he was a three-time IW GP Tag Team Champion. He was a one-time GHC Tag Team Champion at Pro Wrestling Noah. The tag team J-J-Jacks was formed in 1992 by <mask> and Nogami. He became a mainstay of the New Japan seikigun after changing his ring name, and was a frequent tag team partner for Yuji Nagata. In 2008, <mask> underwent a drastic change to his look, character and wrestling style, turning heel, shaving his head bald, growing a sinister beard, and adapting a hardcore wrestling style. He was nicknamed "The Great Traitor" because of his betrayal of the New Japan roster.<mask> competed for New Japan Pro-Wrestling over four decades before retiring. <mask> made his professional wrestling debut for New Japan Pro-Wrestling in 1986 and lost to Nogami. From 1986 to 1988, he was only used as a pre-show attraction, wrestling other young lions such as Kensuke Sasaki, Kenichi Oya, Osamu Matsuda, Shigeo Miyato and Minoru Suzuki, with this latter wrestling <mask> in his debut match in June <mask> and Hase went to the Soviet Union in June of 1989 to train in sambo, where they would learn their signature maneuvers. He won his first title in July 1989 with veteran Riki Choshu, defeating Super Strong Machine and George Takano. He was defeated in the mid-card by Masa Saito and Shinya Hashimoto. He wrestled in Europe in 1991, mainly in Austria and Germany.He competed for the Tri-State Wrestling Alliance on September 21, 1991 against Owen Hart, and for World Championship Wrestling on May 17, 1992 with the legendary Tatsumi Fujinami. He briefly formed a trio with El Samurai, wrestling in mid-card tag team matches against teams such as Hiro Saito and Norio Honaga. They held the championship for 34 days before dropping them to Masahiro Chono and Hiroyoshi Tenzan. In October 1995 he changed his ring name to <mask>. He won his second IW GP Tag Team title in June 1996. He was back in the mid-card after losing the titles to Masahiro Chono and Hiroyoshi Tenzan. The year 2000 was a great one for <mask>, as he won a match on January 4 with Shinya Hashimoto.He got a chance to defend his title on July 20 after losing to Kensuke Sasaki. He won the G1 Tag League tournament with Yuji Nagata. <mask> suffered a concussion in a match against Mitsuya Nagai on June 6, 2001 and missed the rest of the year. Nagai joined the Makai Club as Makai #5 after he began a feud with him. The feud began in the first quarter of 2003 with <mask> eventually winning two series against Nagai. He spent the next few years helping young talent in the New Japan Dojo after the feud. After Hiroyoshi Tenzan was kicked out of the stable, <mask> came to his aid, clearing the ring of Tomoaki Honma, Gedo and Jado.<mask> and Tenzan said they would be forming a tag team. In the lead up to April, they defeated Togi Makabe and a number of different partners. G.B.H. <mask>'s career would change in April 2008. <mask> joined G.B.H. and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 They are the newest member of the New Japan Seikigun. Iizuka shaved his head bald, grew a sinister beard, and changed his wrestling style after his heel turn.He was given the ability to make his entrances through crowds and violently push fans around. An iron glove was his main weapon of choice. The nickname "The Great Traitor" was given to <mask> for his betrayal of the New Japan Seikigun. The man he betrayed was Tenzan. On July 8, 2008, Tenzan won the Lumberjack Death Match. <mask> won a Chain Death Match against the other on October 13, 2008. <mask> defeated Yuji Nagata in a Chain Death Match on April 5, 2009, but lost the second match on May 3, 2009, at Wrestling Dontaku 2009.In early 2009, <mask> and most of his stablemates turned on G.B.H. He rejoined his feud with the returning Tenzan after joining Shinsuke Nakamura's new Chaos group. On July 20, 2009, Tenzan would defeat <mask> in the third match of the Chain Death Match to end the feud. During the G1 Climax tournament in 2009, <mask> lost five out of his six matches due to the use of his iron glove and his new weapon, a steel toothguard. His only other loss was by pinfall. His only win came against his former tag team partner, Yuji Nagata, who got himself disqualified by throwing the referee out of the ring, while he was making his comeback. On January 4, 2010, <mask> and fellow CHAOS members joined forces against Riki Choshu, Masahiro Chono, Manabu Nakanishi, and Terry Funk.Tension between <mask> and Abdullah led to the team's loss. On December 11, 2010, Hiroyoshi Tenzan came back after being out for fifteen months due to an injury. On January 4, 2011, at Wrestle Kingdom V in Tokyo Dome, Tenzan defeated <mask> in a Deep Sleep to Lose match, a match that could only be won by choking the opponent unconscious. <mask> won his first title in sixteen years on May 3, 2012 when he and Toru Yano defeated Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Satoshi Kojima for the IW GP Tag Team Championship. <mask> were stripped of the title after their title match with Tenzan and Kojima ended in a no contest. They lost to TenKoji in a decision match for the vacant title. <mask> won the GHC Tag Team Championship on March 10, 2013 after defeating Naomichi Marufuji and <mask> Sugiura in Pro Wrestling Noah.They lost the title in their third defense. On May 25, 2014, at Back to the Yokohama Arena, <mask> jumped to the Suzuki-gun stable. On January 10, 2015, <mask> and the rest of Suzuki-gun invaded the Pro Wrestling Noah promotion. The stable returned to NJPW on January 5, 2017, after working for Noah for a while. <mask> had an ankle injury and was out until August. After 33 years with New Japan Pro-Wrestling, <mask> was going to retire on February 21. Hiroyoshi Tenzan, <mask>'s former partner, began trying to get the "old" <mask> back in the weeks leading up to his retirement match.Tenzan said he would face <mask> in one last attempt to get his friend back. In <mask>'s last match on February 21, he, Minoru Suzuki and Taichi were defeated by Tenzan, Kazuchika Okada, and Toru Yano. After the match, Tenzan once again begged <mask> to return to his former self, and <mask> finally gave in and shook hands with Tenzan, as <mask> and the rest of Suzuki-gun attacked Tenzan, Okada andYano. After the fans applauded and chanted his name, his signature iron glove was left in the ring. The New Japan Pro-Wrestling IW GP Tag Team Championship was held three times.

masks: Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Takashi Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka IizukaYano IizukaYano Takashi Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka Iizuka


texts: <mask> was born on February 15, 1748. The founder of modern utilitarianism was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer. The principle that "it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong" is the fundamental axiom of <mask>'s philosophy. He was a political radical who influenced the development of welfarism. He advocated for individual and economic freedom, the separation of church and state, freedom of expression, equal rights for women, the right to divorce, and the decriminalising of homosexual acts. The abolition of slavery, capital punishment and physical punishment was called for by him. He was an early advocate of animal rights.He opposed the idea of natural law and natural rights, calling them "nonsense upon stilts", even though he was in favor of the extension of individual legal rights. He was a critic of legal fictions. James Mill, John Stuart Mill, John Austin, and John Neal were students of Bentham. He influenced the reform of prisons, schools, poor laws, law courts, and Parliament itself. He left instructions for his body to be first dissected and then preserved as a self- image, which would be his memorial. The auto-icon is on display in the entrance of the Student Centre at University College London. He has been described as the spiritual founder of the University College London because of his arguments in favor of the general availability of education.He played a small part in the foundation. <mask> was born to a wealthy family that supported the Conservative party. He was found to be a child genius when he was a toddler, as he sat at his father's desk and read a multi-volume history of England. At the age of seven, he learned to play the violin and perform Handel's music at dinner parties. He was close to one of his siblings, <mask>. He attended school 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 He was called to the bar after training as a lawyer.He called it the "Demon of Chicane" because he was frustrated with the complexity of English law. John Lind, a London lawyer, was commissioned by the British government to publish a rebuttal to the Declaration of Independence by the American colonies. An essay titled "Short Review of the Declaration" written by a friend of Lind was included in his 130-page tract. In 1786 and 1787, <mask> traveled to White Russia to visit his brother, Samuel, who was engaged in managing various industrial and other projects for Prince Potemkin. The idea of a circular building at the hub of a larger compound as a means of allowing a small number of managers to oversee the activities of a large and unskilled workforce was conceived by Samuel. In a series of letters to his father in England, <mask> outlined his ideas for a model that was applicable to prisons. He added the idea of contract management, which is an administration by contract as opposed to trust, where the director would have an interest in lowering the average rate of mortality.The Panopticon was intended to be cheaper than the prisons of his time, as it required fewer staff. The gaoler will cost nothing to the nation. The watchmen don't need to be on duty at all times because they can't be seen. The prisoners would be used as menial labour, walking on wheels to spin looms or run a water wheel. The cost of the prison would be reduced and there would be a source of income. He had a proposal for a panopticon prison to be built in England. After developing and refining his ideas for the building for sixteen years, he hoped that the government would appoint him as the contractor-governor of the National Penitentiary.The concept of a prison had an influence on later generations of thought. The panopticon was argued to be paradigmatic of several 19th-century "disciplinary" institutions. He believed that the panopticon scheme had been defeated by the King and an elite. He developed his ideas of "sinister interest" because of his sense of injustice and frustration, which led to many of his arguments for reform. Willey Reveley was an architect who was commissioned by <mask> on his return to England from Russia. He continued to refine his ideas for many years after he published his book. He decided that he wanted to see the prison built and that he would manage it himself with the help of Samuel.He tried to convince the authorities in Ireland and France of the need for a National Penitentiary in England, but was unsuccessful. He was paid £2,000 for preliminary work on the project after winning over Pitt and his advisors. The site for the Penitentiary at Battersea Rise had been approved under an act of 1779, but the new proposals ran into legal problems and objections from the local owner. Hanging Wood was one of the sites considered, but it proved to be unsatisfactory. There is a site at Tothill Fields. Earl Grosvenor objected to the idea of a prison overlooking it because he owned a house on an adjacent site. The scheme ground to a halt again.At this point, it became clear that a nearby site at Millbank was available for sale, and this time things ran more smoothly. The land was bought for over a thousand dollars using government money. The site was not ideal from his point of view, it was too small and marshy. When he asked the government for more land and more money, he was told to build a small-scale experimental prison, which he interpreted as meaning that there was little commitment to the panopticon as a cornerstone of penal reform. The new Addington administration decided not to proceed with the project after Pitt resigned from office. "They have ruined my best days," said <mask>. The idea of a National Penitentiary was revived by the government a few years later.He was still willing to be the governor. As it became clear that there was no real commitment to the proposal, he abandoned hope and turned his attention to getting financial compensation. His initial claim was for over a million dollars, but he settled for less than a million dollars. He had his title transferred to the Crown in 1812. The corruption in the Pool of London was tackled by his cooperation with Patrick Colquhoun. The police bill was passed in 1800. The first preventive police force in the country was created by the bill and it was a precedent for Robert Peel's reforms 30 years later.<mask> was in contact with many influential people. In the 1780s, <mask> tried to convince Adam Smith that interest rates should be allowed to float. As a result of his correspondence with Mirabeau and other leaders of the French Revolution, he was made an "honorary citizen" of France. After the Jacobins took power, he was an outspoken critic of the revolutionary discourse of natural rights. He had a personal friendship with Francisco de Miranda and visited his house in London. He developed links with another person. A proposal to establish a free colony on the south coast of Australia was approved by the Committee of the National Colonization Society on August 3, 1831.The 'Proposal to His Majesty's Government for founding a colony on the Southern Coast of Australia' was prepared under the auspices of Robert Gouger, Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, and Anthony Bacon. His commentary on the National Colonization Society's 'Proposal' was drafted in August of 1831. In 1823, he co-founded The Westminster Review with James Mill as a journal for the "Philosophical Radicals", a group of younger disciples who influenced British public life. One of them was John Bowring, who became devoted to the man and appointed him political editor of The Westminster Review. He was a major contributor to the Poor Law Amendment Act and was employed as a secretary by <mask>, who bequeathed him a large legacy. <mask> had a lot of feelings for women and wrote about them. He was never married.An insight into his character is given in Michael St. John Packe's The Life of John Stuart Mill: A psychobiographical study. He was an unbeliever. The daily pattern was to rise at 6 am, walk for 2 hours or more, and then work until 4 pm. The Faculty of Laws is located next to the main campus of University College London. In recognition of <mask> being "one of the first to support the utility of litigation funding", <mask>'s name was adopted by the Australian litigation funder. Work Utilitarianism is considered to be the Father of Utilitarianism. He wanted to create a complete code of law.He expounded an underlying moral principle on which legal and social reforms should be based. The "fundamental axiom" of this philosophy is that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong. "The good and happiness of the members, that is the majority of the members of any state, is the great standard by which relating to that state is the concept borrowed from the writings of Joseph Priestley." It is rare for a major figure in the history of philosophy to endorse psychological egoism. He was a determined opponent of religion and carried out an "exhaustive examination of religion with the declared aim of extirpating religious beliefs, even the idea of religion itself, from the minds of men." The procedure for estimating the moral status of any action was suggested by <mask>. The principle of utility, or the "greatest happiness principle," is the cornerstone of all <mask>'s thought.He understood a predominance of pleasure over pain. An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation was written by him. The principle of utility is that good produces the greatest amount of pleasure and the minimum amount of pain and evil. The concept of pleasure and pain is defined by <mask> as both physical and spiritual. This principle can be seen in the legislation of a society. He divides the criteria into categories of intensity, duration, certainty, proximity, productiveness, and extent. He reviews the concept of punishment and when it should be used as far as whether a punishment will create more pleasure or more pain for a society.He wants legislators to determine if punishment creates an even more evil offence. Instead of suppressing the evil acts, <mask> argues that certain unnecessary laws and punishments could ultimately lead to new and more dangerous vices than those being punished to begin with, and calls upon legislators to measure the pleasures and pains associated with any legislation and to form laws in order to create the greatest good He argues that the concept of the individual pursuing his or her own happiness can lead to greater pain and less pleasure for a society as a whole. The minimum degree of pain for the greatest number of people is maintained by the legislation of a society. We might test the "happiness factor" of any action if we were to classify it into 12 pains and 14 pleasures. According to P. J. Kelly, the law provides the basic framework of social interaction by delimiting spheres of personal inviolability within which individuals can form and pursue their own conceptions of well-being. It is a precondition for the formation of expectations.The hedonic calculus shows that expectation utilities are much higher than natural ones, and that <mask> doesn't favour the sacrifice of a few to the benefit of the many. <mask> argued that torture should sometimes be allowed. John Stuart Mill criticized <mask>'s view of human nature, which failed to recognize conscience as a human motive. Mill thought that <mask>'s view was doing very serious evil. "Benthamism" was a major part of the liberal conception of state policy objectives. Critics claim that he undermined the foundation of a free society by rejecting natural rights. The idea of liberty as to the idea of rights was inimical to the principle of the greatest happiness of the greatest number.The "hedonistic" theory is often critiqued for lacking a principle of fairness embodied in a conception of justice. Gerald J. Postema wrote about the concept of justice in <mask> and the Common Law Tradition. There isn't a sustained, mature analysis of the notion. Some critics object to the idea of torturing one person in order to make them happy in other people. As P. J. Kelly argued in Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: <mask> and the Civil Law, <mask> had a theory of justice that prevented such consequences. Economics Bentham's opinions about monetary economics were different from those of David Ricardo, but they had some similarities to Henry Thornton. Monetary expansion is a way of helping to create full employment.Forced saving, propensity to consume, saving-investment relationship, and other matters that form the content of modern income and employment analysis were all relevant to him. His monetary view was very similar to his model of decision making. His work is considered to be an early example of modern welfare economics. According to <mask>, pleasures and pains can be ranked according to their value or "dimension" such as intensity, duration, certainty of a pleasure or a pain. He was concerned with maxima and minima of pleasures and pains, and they set a precedent for the future employment of the maximisation principle in the economics of the consumer, the firm and the search for an optimum in welfare economics. The creation of a chain of large workhouses was advocated by <mask>. The first person to advocate the codification of all of the common law into a coherent set of statutes was <mask>.He wrote to James Madison to volunteer to write a complete legal code for the young country after lobbying hard for the formation of codification commissions in both England and the United States. He wrote to the governors of every state with the same offer after learning that most of American law was state-based. His codification efforts were unsuccessful. They have been completely rejected by almost every common law jurisdiction. The foundation for the codification work of David Dudley Field II was laid by his writings on the subject. One of the earliest proponents of animal rights was <mask>. He believed that the ability to suffer, not the ability to reason, should be the benchmark.Human

masks:
Jeremy Bentham
Bentham
Bentham
Samuel Bentham
Bentham
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texts: infants and adults with certain forms of disability might fall short if reason were the sole criterion for judging who should have rights. In 1780, he wrote about the limited degree of legal protection afforded to slaves in the French West Indies by the Code Noir. The day will come when the rest of the animal creation will have the same rights as the originals. The blackness of the skin is not a reason for a human being to be abandoned. It is possible that the number of legs, villosity of the skin, and the os sacrum are not enough for abandoning a sensitive being to the same fate. It should trace the insuperable line. Is it the faculty of reason or the faculty of discourse?A full-grown horse or dog is a more rational and conversable animal than an infant of a day or a week or a month old. What would the case do if it weren't there? Can they reason? Can they talk? If the animal was not made to suffer unnecessarily, he could be killed for food or in defence of human life. If the experiments had in mind a particular goal of benefit to humanity, and had a reasonable chance of achieving that goal, <mask> did not object to medical experiments on animals. He had an "insuperable objection" to causing pain to animals because of the harmful effects such practices might have on human beings.In a letter to the editor of the Morning Chronicle in March 1825, he wrote that it was the placing of women in a legally inferior position that made him choose in 1759, at the age of eleven. In favour of women'sSuffrage, a woman's right to obtain a divorce, and a woman's right to hold political office, was argued by <mask>. The liberalisation of laws prohibiting homosexual sex was argued for by the "Paederasty (Offences Against One's Self)" essay. The essay was not published for fear of offending public morality. Paederasty was not published until 1978, but some of the writings on "sexual non-conformity" were published for the first time in 1931. According to <mask>, homosexual acts are just regularities of the venereal appetite. The society of the time made a disproportionate response to public displays and forced acts being dealt with by other laws according to the essay.The first known argument for homosexual law reform in England was made in the essay published in the Journal of Homosexuality. There was a moral value to transparency. Power-holders are put under moral scrutiny by journalism. <mask> wanted transparency to apply to everyone. He describes the world as a gymnasium in which each gesture, every turn of limb or feature, in those whose motions have a visible impact on the general happiness, will be noticed and marked down. He thought that both surveillance and transparency were useful ways to understand and improve people's lives. "Fictional entities", such as Prince Hamlet or a centaur, were distinguished from "fictitious entities", such as nature, custom, or the social contract.Death and the auto-icon <mask> died at his residence in Queen Square Place in London, England, at the age of 84. He continued to write up to a month before his death, and made careful preparations for the dissection of his body after death and its preservation as an auto-icon. When <mask> was 21 years old, he left his body for dissection to a family friend, George Fordyce, whose daughter, Maria Sophia, married <mask>'s brother Samuel. A paper instructing Thomas Southwood Smith to create the auto-icon was attached to his last will. It said that <mask>'s wish to preserve his dead body was in line with his philosophy. "If a country gentleman has rows of trees leading to his dwelling, the auto-icons of his family might alternate with the trees; copal varnish would protect the face from the effects," wrote <mask> in his essay Auto-Icon, or the Uses of the Dead to the Living Two days after his death, invitations were distributed to a select group of friends, and Southwood Smith delivered an oration over his remains in the school of medicine.An engraving of <mask>'s body is partly covered by a sheet in the printed oration. The skeleton and head were preserved and stored in a wooden cabinet called the "Auto-icon", with the skeleton padded out with hay and dressed in <mask>'s clothes. In the winter of 1849–50, Southwood Smith abandoned his private practice and moved it to the studio of his unofficial partner, the painter Margaret Gillies. Henry Brougham accepted the auto-icon from Southwood Smith in March 1850. There is a public display at the main entrance. It was moved from the end of the South Cloisters to the main building of the college in 2020. The body was present at Grant's final council meeting after he retired as College provost.This was the last time the body of <mask> was taken to a council meeting. There is a myth that the body of <mask> is present at all council meetings. The auto-icon was supposed to incorporate his actual head, which was mummified. Southwood Smith's experimental efforts at mummification, based on practices of the indigenous people of New Zealand and involving placing the head under an air pump over sulfuric acid and drawing off the fluids, although technically successful, left the head looking distastefully taut, with dried and darkened skin stretched The wax head that the auto-icon was given had some of <mask>'s hair on it. The real head was displayed in the same case as the auto-icon for many years, but became a target of student prank. It was locked away.The goal of obtaining a DNA sample and re-exhibiting the head was announced in 2017. In 2020, the auto-icon was put into a new glass display case and moved to the entrance of the new Student Centre. Even though he was 78 years old when the University opened and played only an indirect role in its establishment, University College London is still associated with him. His direct involvement was limited to buying a single £100 share in the new University, making him just one of over a thousand shareholders. Several of the actual founders of the University have been influenced by the ideas of <mask>. He believed that education should be more widely available to those who were not wealthy or who did not belong to the established church, as well as students who could not afford to go to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The University of London was the first in England to admit all, regardless of race, creed or political belief.He played a more than passive part in the planning discussions for the new institution, although it is also apparent that his interest was greater than his influence. He failed in his attempts to get John Bowring appointed professor of English or History, but he oversaw the appointment of John Austin as the first professor of Jurisprudence. The College's custody of his Auto-icon and the majority of his surviving papers were donated in 1849 and 1850. The scene in the painting that depicts <mask> approving the plans of the new university is not real. The Bentham Project has hosted since 1959 and is publishing a definitive edition of <mask>'s writings. While avoiding any suggestion of direct involvement, UCL has decided to acknowledge <mask>'s influence on its foundation by describing him as its "spiritual founder". Even though he was an obsessive writer and reviser, he was constitutionally incapable of bringing his work to completion and publication.In his lifetime, most of what appeared in print was prepared by others. Theory of Legislation, Volume 2 (Principles of the Penal Code) 1840, Weeks, Jordan, and Company is one of his works that was prepared for the press. Boston. Some of them made their first appearance in English in the 1820s as a result of back-translation from Dumont's 1802 collection. There are publications from 1776. There is a fragment on the government. Some introductory passages in William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England were criticized.The book was well received and credited to some of the greatest minds of the time. He disagreed with the doctrine of mixed government, the appeal to a social contract and the use of the vocabulary of natural law. The Commentary on the Commentaries was not published until the twentieth century. There was a revolution in 1776. The United States Declaration of Independence was attacked. The year 1780. There is an introduction to the principles of morals.T. Payne and Sons is in London. 1785 was recorded in the publ. The year 1978. "Offences against One's Self" was edited. The Journal of Homosexuality. Continuation in vol. 4(1) was written in 1787.The year 1787. The defence of usury. The letters were addressed to Adam Smith. The year 1790. There is an essay on political tactics. T. Payne is in London. In 1796.The Declaration of Rights was issued during the French Revolution. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was attacked and critiqued by the French Revolution. 1802. tienne Dumont edited Traités de législation civile et pénale. In 1811. There are punishments and rewards. In 1812.The Panopticon Penitentiary System is compared to New South Wales. The two letters compare the two systems on the ground of expediency. Representing the Illegalities involved in the Penal Colonization System is a plea for the constitution. In 1816. Shewing the impolicy of the present legal restrictions on the terms of pecuniary bargains in a letters to a friend to which is added a letter to Adam Smith, Esq. LL.D. is a lawyer. The progress of inventive industry was opposed by the discouragement.Payne and Foss were in London. In 1787, the Defence of Usury was published. The main argument against the restriction is that projectors generate positive externalities. The very beginning of the modern world was identified by G. K<mask>. The arguments of <mask> were very influential. The repeal of the restriction was achieved in England in 1854. There isn't much evidence as to Smith's reaction.Smith made little or no revisions after the third edition of 1784, but he did not revise the offending passages in The Wealth of Nations. The year 1817. There is a table with the springs of action. R. Hunter sold London. The year 1817. "Swear Not At All" was written in 1817. The Necessity and the Inadequacy of Moderate Reform are included in the plan of parliamentary reform.R. Hunter was in London. In 1818. The Catechism of the Church of England was examined. Effingham Wilson is in London. 1821. In cases of libel law, the Elements of the Art of Packing are applied to special juries. Effingham Wilson is in London.1821. There is a public discussion on the liberty of the press. Hone. 1822. Philip Beauchamp is the author of The Influence of Natural Religion upon the Temporal Happiness of Mankind. 1823. The name of the author was Gamaliel Smith.1824. The book is from the unfinished papers of <mask>. John and H. L. Hunt lived in London. The year 1824. A Treatise on Judicial Evidence was written by <mask>. M. Dumont edited it. Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy were in London.There was an event in 1827. The manuscript of <mask>, Esq. contains the Rationale of Judicial Evidence. I was the first ed. Hunt and Clarke were in London. 1830. There was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a The science of morality was edited by J. Bowring.Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman are in London. The British Library and University College London's Special Collections hold manuscripts that are estimated to be 30 million words. John Bowring was given the task of preparing a collection of his works after being appointed his literary executor. This was in 11 volumes. Bowring based much of his edition on previously published texts rather than <mask>'s own manuscripts, and elected not to publish <mask>'s works on religion at all. The edition was described by the Edinburgh Review as "incomplete, incorrect and ill-arranged", and has since been criticized for its omissions and for errors of detail. Bowring's remained the standard edition of most of <mask>'s writings for over a century, and is still only partially superseded: it includes such interesting writings on international relations as <mask>'s A Plan for an Universal and Perpetual Peace written 1786–89.Stark published a three-volume set, <mask>'s Economic Writings, in which he attempted to bring together all of <mask>'s writings on economic matters, including both published and unpublished material. A new edition of the economic writings (retitled Writings on Political Economy) is currently in the works, as the work is considered to be flawed in many points of detail. The aim of the Bentham Committee was to produce a definitive edition of <mask>'s writings. The first volume of The Collected Works of <mask> was published in 1968. Many unpublished works and improved texts of works already published can be found in the Collected Works. 38 volumes have appeared so far, the complete edition is projected to total 80. The volume of Laws in General was found to contain many errors and has been replaced by Of the Limits of the Penal Branch of Jurisprudence.The Bentham papers are being used to help with this task. In partnership with the University of London's Centre for Digital Humanities, the University of London's Learning and Media Services, the University of London Computer Centre, and the online community, the University College London's Bentham Project is running a project called transcribe Bentham. The project was launched in September 2010 and is making freely available, via a specially designed transcription interface, digital images of UCL's vast Bentham Papers collection to engage the public and recruit volunteers to help transcribe the material. Volunteer-produced transcripts will contribute to the production of the new edition of The Collected Works of <mask>tham, and will be uploaded to the digital Bentham Papers repository, widening access to the collection for all and ensuring its long-term preservation. Signing up for a transcriber account at the Transcription Desk will allow manuscripts to be viewed and transcribed. The PRHLT research center has developed an experimental handwritten text image index and search system that can be used to search the full collection of Bentham Papers. Further reading <mask>'s "Critique of the Doctrine of Inalienable, Natural Rights" can be found in Anarchical Fallacies.2 of Bowring. Works, 1843. "Offences Against One's Self: Paederasty" is a free audiobook. The Bentham Project has a website with useful links. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy has an extensive biographical reference of <mask>. There is a play-reading of the life and legacy of

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texts: <mask> was a Jesuit hagiographer. Jean Bolland systematized his unfinished work while broadening it's perspective. This is the beginning of the association. Most archival evidence shows that Heibert was born in Utrecht in 1569. His family was Catholic. The Society of Jesus was founded in 1588. He was a professor at the Jesuit college.He spent his leisure in the libraries of the monasteries. He copied a lot of documents relating to church history in general, and to hagiography in particular, and found in the old texts contained in the manuscripts coming under his observation quite a different flavour from that of the revisions to which many editors, notably the 16th century, contributed. The texts should be published in their original form. In 1603, he submitted his plan to his superiors, who approved it and allowed him to prepare the projected edition. When a professor of apologetics fell ill, Rosweyde was sent to St Omer to take his place. He didn't return to Antwerp until 1606. There were many manuscripts about the lives of saints.Most of them were obtained by Rosweyde. He pursued his project, which he announced publicly in 1607, as well as the plan he proposed to follow. Under the title: Fasti sanctorum quorum vitae in belgicis bibliothecis manuscriptiae, he gave in a little volume in 16mo., published by the Plantin press at Antwerp, an alphabetical list of the names of the saints whose acts had been found. The prefatory notice in which he indicates the character and arrangement of his work, as he had conceived it, takes up fourteen pages. The official report from the pen of a clerk contains the unpublished acts of the passion of the Cilician martyrs. The collection was to comprise sixteen volumes and two volumes of explanations and tables. The first volume was about the life of Jesus Christ, the second was about the life and feasts of the Blessed Virgin, and the third was about the feasts of the Saints.The saints whose feasts are celebrated in the twelve months of the year were to be given the lives of the twelve succeeding volumes. His superiors preferred the chronological order of the calendar arrangement. At that time, the difficulties were formidable. The succession of martyrologies which had been in use at different periods and in the various Churches of Christendom was set forth in the sixteenth volume. The notes and commentaries on the lives were part of the first of the two supplementary volumes. The names of the saints whose lives had been published in the preceding volumes were given in a series of tables, followed by notes indicating the place of the saint's birth, his station in life, and his title to sanctity. Their position in the Church.The countries where the saints were born, apostolate, sojourn, burial, and the places in which they are honoured with a special cult are listed. If anything of importance presents itself, our readers may give us an idea. The Fasti was distributed in hopes of gaining support. "This man counts, then, on living two hundred years longer!" exclaimed the Cardinal after reading the programme. He wrote a letter to the author in which he intimated in plain language that he regarded the plan as chimerical. It was suggested that Rosweyde focus his efforts on the saints that aren't already published. He was disconcerted by this.He received encouragement, praise, and assistance from other sources. The new enterprise was protected by the abbot of the Liessies Abbey, who was generous and zealous. He seemed to have been given his devotion to the Jesuits by his third successor, Louis of Blois. In letters of recommendation to the heads of the various houses of the great Benedictine Order which opened to Rosweyde and his associates monastic libraries, and in loans and gifts of books, of manuscripts, and of copies of manuscripts, there was the large sympathy of this patron. He counted on his own efforts to complete the monument of which he had dreamed. He didn't get beyond the first stages of the structure. He was sent to Courtrai in 1609 and the prefect of studies died.Some of the historical works he wrote would later form a part of the great hagiographical collection. The majority don't have any relation to the work. Not a page was ready for the printer at the time of Rosweyde's death. Jean Bolland, who was given the task of going through the papers and documents gathered by Rosweyde saw the value of them all and embarked on the vast project identified later with the association of the Bollandists. The first volume was published in the press. The Little Roman Martyrology and the edition of the martyrology of Ado of Vienne would have been available. The work of fifty plates of hermits was engraved by Boetius  Bolswert and designed by Abraham Bloemaert.Brevibus Vitarum Elogiis Expressa is also known as the figuris neis. Hendrick Aertssens is from Antwerp. He added an appendix to the detailed history of the Church in the Netherlands in the Dutch edition of Ribadeneira's Flowers of the Saints. The first ten books of the Lives of the Fathers of the Desert were published in Latin. The work was dedicated to the Abbot of Liessies and later in Dutch (1617) with an inscription to the Abbess of Messines. Maurice: "Héribert Rosweyde et la recherche des documents." In Analecta Bollandiana, vol.83, 1965, there is Un témoignage inédit'.Hippolyte Delehaye: L'oeuvre des Bollandistes  travers trois Siecles 1615-1915, Bruxelles, 1959. F.W.H. Dutch and Flemish etchings, engravings and woodcuts can be found. 1410-01700, (1949- ). Jesuits of the Spanish Netherlands Christian hagiographers Writers from the city of Douai alumni.


texts: One of the victims of the French Revolution was the last Matresse-en-titre of Louis XV of France. The illegitimate daughter of Anne Bécu was born at Vaucouleurs in the present-day Meuse department. Jean Jacques Gomard was a friar known as Frre Ange. Anne was taken into his care by one of her mother's acquaintances, Monsieur Billiard-Dumonceaux, and possibly the father of her half-brother Claude. Little Jeanette was well liked by <mask> or La Frédérique, who pampered her in all luxury. Jeanette's education was funded by Dumonceaux. At the age of fifteen, she left the convent.Both mother and daughter were thrown out for some reason, possibly due to La Frédérique's jealousy of Jeanne's beauty and youth, or because of Dumonceaux's passion for Anne. The household of Anne's husband, Nicolas, was very small. She traveled the dingy streets of Paris carrying a box full of trinkets for sale in order to find some sort of income. She had a brief relationship with a young hairdresser that may have resulted in a daughter, although it is highly unlikely. When she was hired as a companion to an elderly widow, <mask> la Garde, her youth and beauty went against her, and she was sent away. la Garde's two sons' marriage began to be interfered with by Jeanne's presence. <mask> owned a haberdashery shop called'la Toilette' and her husband was the milliner's assistant.Adélade Labille-Guiard was a good friend of Jeanne. The blonde woman with golden ringlets and almond-shaped blue eyes was depicted in art from the time. Jean-<mask> <mask>, brother to Comte <mask> <mask>, considered her to be a high-class pimp. In 1763, <mask> came to his attention when she was entertaining in <mask>'s brothel-casino. She said she was called Jeanne Vaubernier. She was installed in his house and made his mistress. <mask> gave her the name Mademoiselle Lange, which helped her establish her career as a courtesan in the highest circles of Parisian society.As a courtesan and official mistress of Louis XV As Mademoiselle Lange, Jeanne immediately became a sensation in Paris. She had many lovers from the king's people. One of her recurring lovers was the handsome Maréchal de Richelieu. She was seen as a means of influence over Louis XV by <mask> <mask>. In contrast to what most other men thought of her, the duc de Choiseul found her rather ordinary. The king took a great interest in her and obtained her identity with the help of his personal valet and procurer. When this liaison was seemingly becoming more than just a passing fling, it was worrying to Lebel.After divulging with the king that she was nothing but a harlot, the king ordered that she marry a man of strong heritage so she could qualify as a matresse-en-titre. This was solved by her marriage to <mask>'s brother, Comte <mask> <mask>. The marriage ceremony included a fake birth certificate created by <mask> <mask> that made the bride younger by three years. The King's quarters used to have Lebel's former rooms above them. She was unable to be seen with the King since no formal presentation had taken place. None of the nobility at court could accept the fact that a woman of the street had the audacity to mingle with those above her station and thrive in trying to become like them. Comte <mask> constantly pestered and urged her to speak of presentation with the king.Louis XV asked her to find a sponsor so she could have one. Richelieu took responsibility of doing so, and after those women approached asked too high a price to take the role, her official sponsor, <mask> Béarn, was found after having her huge gambling debts paid off. When the presentation was to take place, de Béarn was afraid and feigned an injured ankle. The king broke his arm when he fell off his horse during a hunt. The gathering crowds outside the palace gates and the gossiping courtiers within the Hall of Mirrors waited impatiently for the presentation of Jeanne to the Court at Versailles. The night before, she was dressed in a white gown brocaded with gold and adorned with jewels sent by the king. Many courtiers claimed that the dress had never been seen before; it was specifically ordered by Richelieu.The cause of her late arrival was her hair. <mask> <mask> brought his sister-in-law, 'Chon', from Languedoc to accompany her brother-in-law, 'Jean', as a means of companion and tutor in helping her let go of her peasant past. She befriended the Maréchale de Mirepoix. The women of nobility were bribed. She had already been introduced to luxury when she was living with Dumonceaux. She dressed in elegant clothing to show off the young Bengali slave she had been given by Louis XV. According to the biography '<mask>', the day began at 9am with a cup of chocolate.She would be dressed in a gown of her choice and in her jewellery. For special occasions, either hairdresser Nokelle or Berline would come to do her hair. She received friends, dressmakers, jewellers and artists showing off their new stock hoping she would be interested in buying something of their offers. Her good nature was not spoiled, even though she was extravagant. When the old Comte and Comtesse de Lousene were evicted from their chteau due to heavy debts, they were sentenced to beheading. They were friends with <mask> Béarn, who told them about their situation. She refused to rise from her kneeling position if the king did not agree to her request to pardon them.Louis XV exclaimed, "I am delighted that the first favour you should ask of me should be an act of mercy!" When Monsieur Mandeville visited, he asked for a pardon in the name of a young girl who was sentenced to death for giving birth to a still-born and not telling the authorities. The Chancellor of France granted the pardon. It was a triumph. She wore extravagant gowns of great proportions both in creation and cost, exhausting the treasury. She was now the king's matresse, with diamonds covering her neck and ears. She made friends and enemies as a result of her new position.According to Diane Adélade de Mailly, Choiseul's sister, the Duchesse de Gramont, tried her best to get the place of the late Marquise de Pompadour. She had plotted with her brother for the removal of Jeanne, even going to the extent of defaming her name as well as the king's on gutter pamphlets. The nephew of Richelieu sided with her against the opposing Duc de Choiseul. After the Seven Years' War incident, Choiseul decided France was capable of war again and sided with the Spanish against the British for possession of the Falkland Islands. On Christmas Eve of 1782, the king ordered Choiseul to exile to his Chanteloup property, along with his wife and sister, after his mistress exposed the <mask> clan's plot. The golden age had finally arrived. <mask> <mask> was dealt with and her family had the benefits they deserved as relations to the mistress.Her mother, Anne, lived in a luxurious apartment. <mask> Pompadour, who was part of the group that brought down the duc de Choiseul, had little interest in politics, preferring to pass her time ordering new gowns and jewellery. She was allowed to participate in state council by the king. There is a note in the Souvenirs of Mme. The duke said that the king had never been in a brothel and that he had discovered new pleasures with <mask> <mask>. The king's financial extravagance towards her became unpopular because she was known for her good nature and support of artists. She was in debt for the rest of her life despite her huge monthly income from the king.She remained in her position until the death of the king, and the attempt to depose her made by duc de Choiseul and d'Aiguillon by trying to arrange a secret marriage between the king and Mme Pater was unsuccessful. She had a contentious relationship with Marie Antoinette, who was married to the future Louis XIV. The first meeting of the two was during a family supper at the Chteau of La Muette, a day before the great wedding. Many thought that she wouldn't be included in the list of guests for the occasion, as she had only been an official mistress for a little over a year. It was otherwise to the disgust of most of the people present. Jeanne stood out from the crowd with her attractive appearance and high voice. The innocent 14-year-old archduchess was told by the Comtesse de Noailles that the role of that woman was to give pleasure to the king.The true nature of such pleasure was revealed by the Comte de Provence, causing instant hatred towards <mask>. Since the dauphine supported Choiseul as the proponent of the alliance with Austria, this rivalry continued for quite some time. After hearing from the Comte de Provence of <mask>'s amused reaction to a story told by the Prince de Rohan during one of her dinner parties, Marie Antoinette refused to speak to <mask> <mask>. Madame <mask> furiously complained to the king, who complained to the Austrian ambassador, who in turn did his best to convince Marie Antoinette to change her ways. During a ball on New Year's Day 1772, Marie Antoinette casually observed "There are many people at Versailles today," giving her the option to respond or not. In 1772, Louis XV requested that Parisian jewellers Boehmer and Bassenge create an elaborate and spectacular jeweled necklace for <mask>, one that would surpass all known others in grandeur, at an estimated cost of two million livres. The necklace, still not completed nor paid for when Louis XV died, would eventually cause a scandal in which Queen Marie Antoinette would be accused of paying the Cardinal de Rohan to purchase it for her.The king started to show his age by constantly thinking of death and repentance, and began missing appointments. Louis XV was at the Petit Trianon when he felt the first symptoms of the disease. <mask> <mask> and his three daughters were with him when he was put to bed. Madame <mask> was told by the king to leave Versailles because he wanted to prepare for confession and last rites. She retired to the Duc d'Aiguillon's estate near Rueil after being relieved of her duties by Doctor Lemonnier. The Abbey du Pont-aux-Dames near Meaux-en-Brie was where Marie Antoinette had her husband exile after the death of Louis XV. She was not welcomed warmly by the nuns, who knew that she was a former royal mistress, but soon enough they grew accustomed to her timid ways and opened up to her.After a year at the convent, she was granted permission to visit the surrounding countryside if she returned by sundown. She was given permission to leave the abbey but not to go to her beloved Chteau de Louveciennes, which was ten miles away. She knew the wife of Madame de la Garde's younger son from her teen-age years. She moved to Louveciennes two years later. She had a relationship with a man named Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé-Brissac. She fell in love with Henry Seymour when he moved with his family to the neighbourhood of the Chteau. Seymour was fed up with his secret love affair and sent a painting to <mask> <mask> with the words " leave me alone" written in English at the bottom.Even though he knew of <mask> <mask>'s affair with Seymour, the duc de Brissac kept her in his heart. Brissac was killed by a mob during the French Revolution. The sound of a drunken crowd approaching the chteau was heard late one night by Jeanne, who looked out the window to see someone throwing a blood-stained cloth. At which sight she fainted, it contained Brissac's head. Imprisonment, trial and execution, along with another member of <mask>'s domestic staff, joined the Jacobin club. He was an office-bearer in the Committee of Public Safety after becoming a follower of George Grieve. <mask> questioned Zamor about his connections with Grieve.She gave him three days to leave her job. He denounced his mistress to the Committee without hesitation. Madame <mask> was suspected of helping people who fled the French Revolution. Madame <mask> was arrested in 1793. When the Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris accused her of treason and condemned her to death, she tried to save herself by revealing the location of gems she had hidden. He was probably of Siddi origin, as he gave his birthplace as Chittagong during the trial. The Comtesse was sent to the guillotine by his testimony.<mask> <mask> was beheaded on December 8, 1793, on the Place de la Concorde. She collapsed on the way to the guillotine, crying "You are going to hurt me!" Why? She begged the crowd for help as she screamed for mercy. Her last words to the executioner were: "De grce, monsieur le bourreau, encore un petit moment!" She was executed during the reign of terror and was buried in the Madeleine Cemetery. The jewels she smuggled out of France to England were sold at an auction in London in 1795.The British Empire financed the Hessian mercenaries who took part in the Battle of Mainz in 1795 with the money from the sale. Soup du Barry is one of the dishes named after <mask>. Many of the dishes "<mask> Barry" have cauliflower in them. The cauliflower may be an allusion to her powdered wigs, which were piled high on top of each other. The films <mask> and Madame Du Barry were directed by Edoardo Bencivenga Theda Bara and J. Gordon Edwards Pola Negri, respectively. Asia Argento played Count Cagliostro Martine Carol in the film Madame du Barry, which was directed by Christian-Jaque. Sally Christie's The Enemies of Versailles features a character named <mask>.In The Rose of Versailles, Television Du Barry is portrayed as a scheming enemy of Marie Antoinette, and her struggles with the young princess are a major concern of the story in its early stages. Carl Millcker wrote an operetta called Opera Grfin Dubarry, which was written by F. Zell and Richard Genée. The French Madame du Barry was published in Paris in 1909. <mask> <mask> and Princess de Lamballe were killed in the French Revolution.

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