texts: <mask> was an Italian artist, writer, and naval officer. He has sculptures and medals. The son of a sculptor, <mask> was born in Florence. The works of <mask> form part of the artistic legacy of the Romanelli dynasty, which continues to this day. He is buried in Florence. Personal life Florentine by descendant, on his mother's side of the famous Florentine Military Commissioner of the Medici family and a ship-owner, and on his father's side of renowned sculptors. Lorenzo Bartolini was a friend of <mask> and his father was an accomplished artist.He was a decorated naval officer. Dorothea Hayter would become his wife in 1925, when he was a commanding officer in Gibraltar. She was the daughter of a pastor. A man named William Thomas Baring Hayter. They had three children. Costanza is one of the two daughters. Bettino was married to 31st Baron Ricasoli and Ilaria was married to Arnaud Faure.He created the Tenuta di Riseccoli winery in Greve in Chianti at the turn of the 20th century. He had plantations of banana trees and grapefruits on farms on the Jubba River. In 1965, his wife was murdered while driving to the local hospital. In 2012 his daughters Costanza and Ilaria donated their collection of drawings to the Florentine Galleria d'Arte Moderna. As a boy, he showed an interest in sculpting, and it seemed that he would follow in his family's tradition of sculpture. He began his career in the Italian Navy. At Livorno, he attended the Italian Naval Academy.He visited the Mediterranean, North America, and Europe as a cadet and junior officer in the Italian Navy. He spent three years in the Far East, including China, Japan and Siberia. After leaving service in 1910, he began to work as a sculptor. He was a navigator in an armed cruiser patrolling in the area between Corsica and Palermo, Sicily, during the Italo-Turkish War. He was appointed officer in charge of the Southern Adriatic and Ionian Sea at the outbreak of World War I. He commanded an auxiliary cruiser and was based in Gibraltar, where he was assigned to protect merchant vessels from U-boat attacks during their passage between the Straits of Gibraltar and the Italian coast. He became a member of the British Legion.His naval service in Africa and the Far East influenced his artwork: in 1940 he wrote "Romanticismo Velico" (Vallecchi, Firenze, 1940), a memory of his naval life from childhood to naval service in Africa and the Far East. During his time in the navy, <mask> was able to develop his sculpting skills. As he sought to master his craft, his personal style continued to evolve. He made two portraits, one of his brother Renzo. In 1910, a sculpture of Hercules and the Nemean lion was presented at the Venice Biennale and in 1911 at the Universal Exhibition in Rome. In 1930, a statue dedicated to the Patriot Manin was removed from Piazza Ognissanti in Florence, and in 1937, the work was set in place as a gift to the city of Florence. By the 1930s, the sculptures would have been popular with the fascist authorities since Mussolini self-identified with them.Mussolini's Italy subjugation and conquest of African countries and lands was the subject of the sculpture. The techniques of modelling clay were learned at his father's studio. From the beginning, <mask>'s style was different than his father's. The development of his own style was aided by frequenting the studio of other sculptors. He came into contact with Maffio Maffii at Trentacoste's studio. Vincenzo Gemito, whose studio in Naples he visited several times, was a key influence in the formation of his own unique style. The ideal image created by the Greek masters of the Hellenistic period inspired him to love nature.During his time in the navy, he took a trip to the Greek remains of the Valle dei Tempi in Sicily, which inspired his later work. He achieved a commendable feat by creating sculpture that was on the one hand paying homage to antiquity and on the other toying with the idea of artistic modernity. The juxtaposition is the reason why the sculpture is unique. He was in Paris for a year in 1910-11. When the French avant-garde movement was in prominence, <mask> entered Paris and became submersed in an environment in which contemporary visions of art were being created. The Louvre was where he drew inspiration from French Classicism. He studied at the studio of Auguste Rodin, where he was influenced by the master himself.Maurice Denis had a work that became a point of reference. Dennis and Landowski nominated <mask> to become a member of the prestigious "Institut de France" and the "Académie des Beaux-Arts". Many prominent figures of the artistic community as well as being exposed to great works of art were kept company with <mask>. The synthetic style seen in <mask>'s figure formation is due to the oriental aspects of Gauguin's work as well as his military voyages to China. In 1913, Brunhild's Awakening was inspired by the opera "Siegfried" which was being performed in Paris. Isadora Duncan was the lead dancer and she posed for him in Paris and Viareggio. The freedom of Duncan's movement was captivating for the artistic eye, as was the unique bodily form displayed in Duncan's dancing.After the First World War, <mask> devoted himself to a career in sculpture. The themes of his work became increasingly influenced by the setting in which he found himself as his style underwent a transformation. Eva is reminiscent of Rodin with her soft lines. Leda con il Cigno - Leda and the Swan and La Signora Giglioli - Mrs. Giglioli look more to the Italian movement. Mario suggested that <mask>'s military duties had an impact on his style. He writes that "<mask> wanted to strip his art of every psychological, dynamic, and colourist influence that he had unconsciously derived from Rodin - all his efforts from now on were directed towards making his art more severe, and more religious, more architectural and absolute." The first large commission to come his way was the equestrian statue of General Botha for his Memorial, which stood outside the parliament in Cape Town, originally a commission to his father.The creation of the historical friezes for the Voortrekker Monument in South Africa was made possible by <mask>'s links with South Africa after World War II. The four South African sculptors who created the design spent five years creating plaster panels. <mask> had a large studio in Florence with machinery and technical equipment. The plaster designs in Quercetta marble were recreated by 50 chisellers. The Two Boxers Pugile in Combattimento was bought by Minister Augusto Turati for the Foro Italico stadium in Rome and shown at the "mostra del Novecento" in 1929. The sculpture's strong impact can be seen from the plaster version preserved at Galleria Romanelli. The socks, livery, gloves, and action stance of the athlete all show a style which leans towards the pursuit of verisimilitude.The Il Pugile Ferito is inspired by the beautiful Hellenistic bronze ll Pugilatore in Riposo housed at the National Museum, Rome. There is a similarity in the way the hands are placed and the head is turned towards the right. The rough surface of the bronze and the deep shadows highlight the volumes and inspiration from the sculpture of Charles Despiau, author of a bronze "l'Atlte" Work. He designed a bas-relief of Mussolini on horseback for the Torre della Rivoluzione and completed a portrait of Mussolini. The rhetoric of the regime is supported by the bas-relief Romolo che Traccia il Solco. The bronze was purchased by the regime for the Palazzo delle Corporazioni in Rome. The Galleria Romanelli has the original plaster.The city boundaries of Rome were drawn by its founder, Romulus. The composition plays with the idea of force, as well as the counter force of the ox. The birth of the capital is underpinned by the equilibrium of this force. His style was inspired by the primitivism of the avant-garde and the Greek archaic sculptures. In his earlier days, <mask> made research into these styles. The sense of immediacy is given by <mask>'s expression of the message. He criticized the poorly thought-out project by the Architect Mazzoni for the new Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station through a number of newspaper editorials.The young architects were praised by Mussolini. He participated in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The 1930s saw a lot of prestigious public commissions. The most significant commission for the regime was the Justice of Trajan. The monument's style is described as "synthetic realism". The original plaster is preserved in the Galleria Romanelli in Florence, where it was produced for the Palazzo di Giustizia, the law court in Milan. The theme is inspired by Dante's Canto X of Purgatory, in which the Roman emperor Trajan administers justice on behalf of the widowed woman kneeling in front of him.Roman scenes of triumph are the inspiration for the composition. The Emperor on horseback and the widow are depicted in this tale. There is a group of soldiers taking part in the parade of triumph and a portrait of Mussolini and others can be seen in the foreground. "Ges Bambino", "Giano e la Vergine", and "Ritratto di" can be seen on the right. After Italy's invasion of the territory, the statue of George Castriot Skanderbeg, whose plaster stands in the Galleria Romanelli, was made into a bronze statue and displayed in Piazza Albania in Rome. George Castriot Skanderbeg was a 15th-century nobleman who led Christian resistance against the Ottoman Muslims. The son of an Albanian prince was kidnapped by the Ottoman court in 1423 and forced to engage in military duties for his empire.He defended the region against the Ottoman Empire for 25 years after abandoning the battle of Ni in Albania. The second Mostra del Novecento was purchased by the Minister Turati for the Stadio Nazionale di Roma. <mask>'s strength was essential to his work because it represented physical and moral force. There are six generations of artists who have passed through the doors of the Romanelli studio. The union between the Roman god Janus and the nymph Camesena, who is described as the Muse of Song, is represented by Carducci as an autochthonous child of the soil. The fascist rhetoric of the period was influenced by the rediscovery of original Roman sources. In the wake of the tragedies of the First World War, the Classical style was not accidental.The gesture of hugging in this group is both hard and synthetic. He won a large commission at the end of the decade for the Monument to the Italians Fallen in Africa. This piece is very similar to his other works of the period, emitting great strength and force. The work pays tribute to the soldiers who died in Italy's colonial conquests. When the Second World War broke out, the shipment was interrupted and the piece remained in storage. The "Monument to the Soldier and Worker" was put together in Syracuse, Sicily in the 1950s. When the Italian military left for the colonies, this was a strategic port.One of the statues was lost in storage and was replaced by a replica of smaller dimensions. There is a marble frieze in the piece. Following the signing of Pact of Steel between the Kingdom of Italy and Germany on May 22, 1939, <mask> became extremely critical of the regime, having advised it against this alliance. After being pursued by the regime which issued an arrest warrant for him, he went into hiding, first in the Tuscany countryside, where he was eventually denounced by one of his own farmers, and then in the Vatican, where he hid until the end of the war. In the meantime, his wife Dorothea hid and gave refuge in a secret space below the roof of their family home in Florence to a number of Jews and other people who were being pursued by the regime, such as the German artist and Florentine resident but anti-Nazi, Baroness Gi A member of the Italian Military Police would warn Dorothea before the searches began so that she could allow the refugees to hide outside the home. The chair for sculpture at the Italian Academy of Fine Arts, Florence was held by him until1953.A seal of approval for his work. Influenced by the style of Antoine Bourdelle and Maurice Denis and Greek Archaisim, <mask> created many bronze medals reverting to the tradition of Greek coins and the Quatrocento. Critics claim that it is the most beautiful to be produced since Giovanni da San Gallo in the 15th century. Gabriele D'Annunzio commissioned him to create a limited series of medals to honor the men who died in World War I. Medaglia per l'Aviazione in Marina, Medaglia per la Real Nave Andrea Doria, Medaglia per la Corazzata 36PN, Medaglia per la Sommergibilie S1 & S2 Inheriting his father's skill for portraiture, <mask> was later The Duke of Aosta, Chiquita Esteban de Canongo, Count Paolo Guicciardini, and Mussolini on Horseback were all sculpted by him. The presidency of the Royal Academy of Italy was declined many times.He was offered the presidency of the Royal Academy of Italy in 1934. The presidency was held in Venice in 1942. He was under pressure from his associates to accept the offer for the former position. After World War II, <mask>'s workshop was involved in the creation of the historical friezes for the Voortrekker Monument in South Africa. The design was created by four South African sculptors who spent five years creating plaster of Paris panels. <mask> had a large studio in Florence with machinery and technical equipment. The plaster of Paris designs were recreated in Quercetta marble by 50 chisellers.Most of his bronze works were produced by the reputed bronze works foundry. The Bronze Hercules Strangling the 1907 Nemean Lion was created in 1906. "Eva, Bronze 1919" is now in Sindacato. Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro, Rome, is now dispersed. Now dispersed. The Galleria d'Arte Moderna di Firenze is home to "Ritratto di Fiamma Sergardi Biringucci". The Civica Galleria d'Arte Moderna di Torino was founded in 1933.The statue of Mussolini in Piedi Tomba Fiaschi Melbourne was removed by the British forces. Exhibitions 1910 Biennale di Venezia, Esposizione Universale di Roma, and Mostra del Novecento Italiano. The Henry Moore Foundation promoted Scultura nell'Italia Fascista.

masks:
Romanelli
Romanelli
Romano
Pale Romanelli
Romano
Romano
Romano
Romano
Romano
Romano
Romano
Romano
Romano
Romano
Romanelli
Romano
Romanelli
Romanelli
Romano
Romano
Romano
Romanelli
Romanelli


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> is an Episcopal priest who was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Cutié was a priest in the Roman Catholic Church. He has hosted programs on television and radio. In May 2009, Cutié left the Roman Catholic Church after the publication of photographs showing him with a woman at the beach and his admission that he was in love. He said mandatory celibacy was one of the reasons he left the Roman Catholic Church for the Episcopal Church. He became a member of the Episcopal Church. He is the rector of St. Benedict's, an Episcopal parish in Plantation, Florida.Cutié, the middle child and son of Cuban exiles, was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He was a DJ when he was a teenager. He was the first ordinand of the then-newly designated Archbishop John Favalora. Father Albert was the first priest or clergy person to host a secular talk show on radio and television. He is a regular columnist for many Spanish language newspapers in the United States and Latin America. He gained worldwide recognition with his television debut in 1999 as the host of Padre Alberto, a daily talk show on the Telemundo network. He hosted a weekly program on Telemundo International.Hablando Claro con el Padre Alberto was hosted by Cutié and reached millions of households throughout the United States, Canada, Spain and Latin America on the global network founded by Mother Angelica. The funeral mass was held in Miami, Florida. Real Life, Real Love (Ama de Verdad, Vive de Verdad) was Cutié's first self-help book. It was a top seller in the Spanish language market. On January 4, 2011, his second book, Dilemma: A Priest's Struggle with Faith and Love, was released. Various publications have labeled him as "Father Oprah". He was the general director of Radio Peace Catholic and the president of Radio Paz.He was the director of Pax Catholic Communications for the Archdiocese of Miami and hosted several radio programs. He was one of the new Hispanic ambassadors. Cutié released a memoir on January 4, 2011. He appeared on Good Morning America, The View, Fox and Friends, and The Joy Behar Show to promote the book. On May 5, 2009, Cutié asked church officials for a time of reflection and a leave of absence from his media programs and pastoral work after publication of pictures in which he was shown kissing and touching Ruhama Buni Canellis at a public beach while still a Catholic priest. Cutié asked the Archdiocese of Miami for some time to think about where he was going as a priest. He was granted a leave of absence by the Archdiocese of Miami.He decided to continue his ministry as a married priest in the Episcopal Church after meeting with two of his bishops. Cutié was interviewed on The Early Show. He said that he was considering leaving the church for a woman he loves. He acknowledged that some priests remain dedicated to celibacy and that he respected the rule of mandatory celibacy. Many priests in communion with the Vatican who are married are not members of the Latin Rite. He did not want to be an anti-celibacy priest. Cutié was interviewed by Teresa Rodrguez on Aqu y Ahora.He said that he regrets if his actions hurt people with his heart. I have changed since I entered the seminary 22 years ago. Cutié announced at the end of the month that he had been in the process of entering the Episcopal Church for the last couple of years, which helped him consolidate marriage and his calling to serve God. Father Albert was Cutié's first English-speaking syndicated daytime talk show. The show was produced by Debmar-Mercury, which syndicates South Park and Family Feud as a summer test-run. Father Albert returned to daily radio in March 2020 with a daily call-in Talk- Show which had a huge reception by the Latino audience. In 2021, he returned to daytime television with a new version of his long-time Talk- Show "Hablando Claro con el Padre Alberto" on Mega TV, part of the Spanish Broadcasting System.The Cuban-born bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Southeast Florida became the administrator and pastoral minister of the Episcopal Church of the Resurrection in Miami after reception into the Episcopal Church and marriage Cutié. He became priest-in-charge of the parish on May 29, 2010 after being received as an Episcopal priest. The Canellis were married in a church ceremony in North Miami Beach. Bishop Frade was assisted by the retired Episcopal Bishop of Venezuela and several other Episcopal clergy. St. Benedict's Parish is in Plantation, Florida. His wife gave birth to their first child on November 30, 2010. Christian is from Cutié's wife's first marriage.In May 2012 she gave birth to a boy. Both of Cutié's children were christened. St. Benedict's Episcopal Church Padre Albert on the Internet Movie Database 1969 births Living people Puerto Rican people of Cuban descent American Episcopalians Converts to Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism


texts: Dr. <mask><mask> received his fellowship from the British Library Association in 1961. His research focuses on information management and information seeking. <mask> was born in 1935 in County Durham, England. He left school at 16 to work as a library assistant. He returned to Durham County Library after national service in the Royal Air Force and took the Library Association exams to become a professional librarian. He became the head of a small academic library because he was the only one. He became interested in the use of new technology in information science, but was unable to convince the computer manager that it was feasible.He began his academic career after completing his fellowship of the library association. He obtained a degree in economics and sociology and a doctorate in organization theory. He still holds several academic positions, including Professor at the Department of Information Studies at the University ofSheffield, Visiting Professor at the University of Yorkshire Business School, and Professor at the University of Boras, Sweden. In 2005 and 2010 Dr. <mask> received a second degree from the University of Murcia, Spain. Information behavior is a term he invented to cover all activities associated with seeking, acquiring, using and sharing information. The INISS project was conducted from 1980 to 1985 by Dr. <mask>. The aim of the project was to increase the efficiency of Social Services workers.In addition to the traditional methods of surveys and interviews, Dr. <mask> and his team observed social workers and their managers in their day-to-day tasks to see what techniques were actually used to find, use and communicate information. In the environment of a Social Services office, the majority of information was oral, with a further 10% being notes taken on oral communication. That, combined with lack of training in using other information sources, had led to a lack of organized information being used at Social Services offices. He recommended the establishment of a central library for Social Services information, along with training staff to access that information, as well as more communication within each office on information needs. Dr. <mask> looked at information seeking behavior for the British Library Research and Innovation Centre. The paper found that information seeking is based on a series of uncertainty resolutions which lead to a problem solution. Problem identification, problem definition, problem resolution, and solution statement are the four steps in the process.In order to resolve the uncertainty of a step, more information must be gathered. The research shows that by giving information seekers a pattern to follow, the accuracy and volume of information they acquire was increased. Dr. <mask> is an advocate for the use of activity theory in the area of information systems research. The founder and first editor of the International Journal of Information Management was Dr<mask>. Early studies on business use of the World Wide Web, the relationship of information systems and business performance and the application of mobile information systems in policing were included in his research. Information Research, an online journal for information science, was founded by Dr. <mask>. An excellent resource for IS students is the Open Access journal.He has maintained the World list of schools and departments of information science, information management and related disciplines since 1996, and the journal is part of the wider InformationR.net site. Instructors use Dr. <mask>'s research in teaching research methods. He is still involved in research through his participation in the AIMTech Research Group at the University of Leeds Business School and through his work at the Swedish School of Library and Information Science. He is a member of a group at the Swedish School that is participating in a project funded by the European Union. He and his colleagues at the University of Bors were awarded a grant of over one million dollars by the Swedish Research Council. In 2000 Dr. <mask> received the ASIS&T SIG USE award for "outstanding contributions to information behavior" and in 2008 he was named "Bobcat of the year" by EUCLID. <mask> has a model of information behavior.There are External links to <mask>'s Webpage at InformationR.net.

masks:
Thomas D
. Wilson
Thomas Daniel Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
. Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson


texts: During the American Revolutionary War, <mask> was best known for his criticism of slavery and his efforts to help recruit slaves to fight for their freedom as U.S. soldiers. Laurens gained approval from the Continental Congress for his plan to recruit a brigade of 3,000 slaves by promising them freedom in return for fighting. The plan was defeated in South Carolina. Laurens died in the Battle of the Combahee River. <mask> was born in Charleston, South Carolina on October 28, 1754 to <mask> and <mask>, both of whose families were prosperous as planters cultivating rice. One of the largest slave trading houses in North America was owned by <mask> and George Austin. The five children who survived infancy were led by <mask>.After the death of their mother, <mask> and his two brothers, Henry Jr. and James, were taken to England for their education. Martha and Mary were with his uncle in Charleston. Laurens was educated in Europe from the age of 16 to 22 after his father moved to London. He and his brother lived with a family friend in Switzerland for two years beginning in June 1772. After returning to London in August 1774, Laurens relented to his father's wishes and studied law. The Middle Temple was where Laurens began his legal studies. Laurens was guardian to his brothers, who both went to British schools.Laurens married Martha Manning, daughter of a mentor and family friend, on October 26, 1776. William Manning was Laurens's brother-in-law. Laurens wanted to join the Continental Army and fight for his country, rather than completing law school and raising a family in England. He left his pregnant wife in London and went to Charleston. Laurens was a member of the American Philosophical Society. Laurens arrived at Charleston in April 1777 as Washington's aide-de-camp. He accompanied his father to Philadelphia to serve in the Continental Congress.<mask> used his influence to get his son a position of honor after he joined the Continental Army. Laurens was invited to join George Washington's staff as a volunteer aide-de-camp. Laurens became friends with two of his fellow aides-de-camp, Alexander Hamilton and the Marquis de Lafayette. On September 11, 1777, at the Battle of Brandywine, he saw combat courage and became known for it. Lafayette said that it was not his fault that he was not killed or wounded at Brandywine. Laurens was given his official appointment as one of General Washington's aides-de-camp on October 6, 1777, two days after the Battle of Germantown, in which he was wounded. Washington and several aides, including Laurens, were quartered at the Emlen House, north of Philadelphia in Camp Hill, from November 2 to December 11, 1777, after the Battle of White Marsh.Laurens marched to New Jersey with the rest of the Continental Army at the end of June 1778 to face the British at the Battle of Monmouth. Laurens' horse was shot out from under him at the start of the battle. Laurens had a fight with General Charles Lee just outside Philadelphia on December 23, 1778, after Laurens took offense to Lee's comments about Washington's character. Lee was wounded in the side by Laurens's first shot and the affair was ended by the men's seconds, Alexander Hamilton and Evan Edwards, before Laurens or Lee could fire a second shot. Laurens promoted the idea of giving slaves freedom in return for their service as the British stepped up operations in the South. He wrote, "We Americans at least in the Southern Colonies, cannot contend with a good Grace, for Liberty, until we shall have enfranchised our Slaves." Laurens believed that black and white people shared the same nature and could aspire to freedom in a republican society.Laurens advised his father, who was the President of the Continental Congress, to use forty slaves as part of a brigade. The project was delayed due to reservations that Henry Laurens had. Laurens was sent south to recruit a group of black soldiers but the plan was opposed and he was unsuccessful. After winning election to the South Carolina House of Representatives, Laurens introduced his black regiment plan, which was rejected three times. General Christopher Gadsden was one of the opponents. The governor of South Carolina proposed to surrender the city of Charleston in order to become neutral in the war. Laurens fought with Continental forces to repel the British.The Battle of Coosawhatchie took place on May 3, 1779, when Colonel William Moultrie's troops were outnumbered by 2,400 British regulars. The British arrived at a point east of the Coosawhatchie River where 100 men were left to guard it. Due to Laurens's connections, his activities could not escape notice; for example, in a May 5 letter to the governor of Virginia, South Carolina's lieutenant governor Thomas Bee added a postscript. Laurens commanded the infantry in the failed assault on Georgia. After the fall of Charleston, Laurens was taken prisoner by the British. He was paroled from Philadelphia after being a prisoner of war and was not allowed to leave Pennsylvania. Laurens was able to visit his father in Philadelphia, who was going to become the American ambassador to the Netherlands.The elder Laurens was imprisoned in the Tower of London after his ship was seized by the British. Laurens requested a leave of absence from his service as aide-de-camp in order to return to South Carolina in order to be freed by a prisoner exchange in November 1780. Laurens was unwillingly appointed by Congress as a special minister to France in December 1780. He proposed Alexander Hamilton as the better candidate because he wanted to return to the South. Congress and Hamilton persuaded Laurens to accept the post. "Unfortunately for America, Col. Hamilton was not sufficiently known to Congress to unite their speach in his favor and I was assured there remained no other alternative to my acceptance than the total failure of the business," he wrote. I was reduced to submit and give up my plan of participating in the southern campaign.<mask> and Thomas Paine arrived in France in March 1781 to help Benjamin Franklin, who had been serving as the American minister in Paris since 1777. They had a meeting with King Louis XVI. Laurens was assured by the French that their ships would support American operations that year. Laurens was said to have told the French that the Americans could be forced to fight against France if they didn't get aid for the Revolution. The first part of a French gift of 6 million and a loan of 10 million was given to Laurens and Paine when they returned to America in August 1781. Laurens was able to get a loan and supplies from the Dutch. <mask>, the American ambassador to the Netherlands who had been captured by the British, was exchanged for General Cornwallis in 1781.British surrender at Laurens came back from France in time to see the French fleet arrive and to join Washington in Virginia at the Siege of Yorktown. On October 1, 1781, he was given command of a battalion of light infantry. Laurens led the battalion in the storming of Redoubt No. 10. Laurens was appointed by Washington to draft the terms of the British surrender. The interests of France were represented by Louis-Marie, the relative of Lafayette's wife. Laurens and the French commissioner negotiated terms with two British representatives at Moore House, and the articles of capitulation were signed by General Cornwallis the next day.Laurens returned to South Carolina, where he continued to serve in the Continental Army until his death. Laurens created and operated a network of spies who tracked British operations in and around Charleston, and was given responsibility for guarding the lines of secret communication with the British. One of the last casualties of the Revolutionary War was Laurens, who was shot from his saddle on August 27, 1782, at the age of 27. Laurens died in a skirmish with a group of people, only a few weeks before the British left Charleston. Laurens had been confined to bed at the creek for several days, possibly due to Malaria. When he learned that the British were sending a large force out of Charleston to gather supplies, he left his sickbed and wrote a hurried note to Gen. Greene, in disregard of his orders and the important duties with which he had been charged. Laurens reported to Gist near the river.300 British troops under Major William Brereton captured a ferry and crossed the river to get rice for their garrison. The British were ordered to attack by Gist before the sun came up. Laurens was given orders to take a small force further downriver to man a redoubt at Chehaw Point, where they could fire on the British as they retreated. Laurens and his troops spent the night at a plantation house. Laurens spent the evening in a group of ladies, but only two hours before he was to march down the river. Laurens left the plantation at 3:00 am on the morning of August 27. Laurens rode toward Chehaw Point with a force of fifty Delaware infantrymen.140 British soldiers hid in tall grass one mile from Laurens' destination before he could reach the redoubt. Laurens ordered an immediate charge despite the British being in a better position. Quickly approaching with reinforcements, Gist was only two miles away. Laurens appeared "anxious to attack the enemy prior to the main body coming up", according to William McKennan, a captain under Laurens's command. Laurens wanted to do all himself, and have all the honor. Laurens fell from his horse after the British opened fire. Three Americans were killed when Gist's larger force arrived in time to cover a retreat.After Laurens's death, Colonel Tadeusz Kociuszko, who had been a friend of Laurens, came from North Carolina to take over Laurens's intelligence network in the area. William Stock's plantation was where Laurens was buried near the site of the battle. The Mepkin Plantation was where Henry Laurens moved his son's remains after he was released from prison. The Laurens family sold their plantation in the 19th century to a publisher and his wife. A large part of the former plantation was donated to the Trappists in 1949 for use as a monastery. The site of the Mepkin Abbey and the Mepkin Abbey Botanical Garden is open to the public. Laurens married Martha Manning in London on October 26, 1776.Laurens had visited the home of her father's mentor and family friend many times during his years in London. "Pity has obliged me to marry," Laurens wrote in a letter to an uncle, "an unplanned marriage being necessary to preserve his honor, the reputation of the six-month pregnant Martha, and the legitimacy of their child." Laurens and his new wife moved from London to a home in Chelsea, but Laurens was unwilling to remain in England because he believed that honor and duty required him to fight in the American Revolution. He sailed for Charleston in December 1776. His pregnant wife, who was unable to risk a months-long journey by sea during the war, stayed with her family in London. Laurens's daughter was christened on February 18, 1777. Laurens' father-in-law believed that the baby had been hurt by the carelessness of the nurse and that she had gone through a lot of pain.By July 1777, she had recovered from a successful surgery to her hip, and was not expected to live. After the loss of both parents, Fanny was brought to Charleston in May 1785 by <mask>'s sister <mask> Ramsay and her husband. In 1795, against the wishes of the Ramsays, Fanny eloped with Francis Henderson, a Scottish merchant. She was married to James Cunnington and died in South Carolina at the age of 83. Francis Henderson Jr., Laurens' grandson, died young after struggling with alcoholism and did not have children. Laurens "never had difficulty attracting women and men" while he was young and reserved his primary emotional commitments for other men." Laurens's biographer says that this period "marked the beginning of a pattern; he continually centered his life around homosexual attachment to other men."Same-sex relationships that are not of a romantic or sexual nature, such as friendship, mentorship, and male bonding, are referred to as Homosociality. Laurens met Alexander Hamilton while in Washington's camp. Laurens's capture by the British kept them apart, for example, when the terms of Laurens's parole prevented him from being present at Hamilton's wedding to Elizabeth Schuyler, even though Hamilton had invited him. James Thomas Flexner, Hamilton's biographer, stated that the emotional language in the Hamilton-Laurens letters raises questions about homosexuality that can't be categorically answered. Ron Chernow wrote that it is impossible to say with any certainty that Laurens and Hamilton were lovers, noting that such an affair would have required "extraordinary precautions" because of sodomy. "Based on available evidence, we can say that Hamilton developed something like an adolescent crush on his friend," Chernow concluded. According to Chernow, "Hamilton did not form friendships easily and never again revealed his interior life to another man as he had to Laurens", and after Laurens's death, "Hamilton shut off some compartment of his emotions and never reopened it."Some letters written by Laurens have been lost or may have been destroyed, but in comparison to Hamilton's effusive letters, surviving letters from Laurens to Hamilton were less frequent and less passionate. The Laurens-Hamilton relationship was platonic, a bond formed by their devotion to the Revolution and mutual ambition for fame, according to Massey. Massey regretted that the tone of his assertion had been decisive rather than equivocal, and that the matter can not be resolved. <mask> was the subject of two educational films released in 1972 by Learning Corporation of America. The first film dramatized the young man's decision to leave England, and the second detailed his battles in the Continental Army and his death. Laurens was played by Michael Douglas. Laurens was featured in an episode of George Washington.<mask> was portrayed as a supporting character in the musical Hamilton. Anthony Ramos originated the role of <mask> in the Broadway and off-Broadway casts. <mask> Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton's son and biographer, named his youngest son <mask> Hamilton, a name that continued to recur over several generations in that branch of the Hamilton family. The army has lost a brave officer and the public is a worthy citizen according to an order written by Nathanael Greene. Three years after <mask>'s death, George Washington responded to a question about <mask>'s character by stating that no man possessed more of the amor patria. He had not a fault, unless intrepidity bordering upon rashness could come under that denomination, and he was excited by the pure motives. Laurens County, Georgia, was named in honor of <mask>, according to a history professor at Freed–Hardeman University.Laurens, South Carolina, and Laurens County, South Carolina, were named after Laurens and his father. There are links to Laurens and the Revolutionary War Battle of Coosawatchie in the National Archives.

masks:
John Laurens
John Laurens
Henry Laurens
Eleanor Ball Laurens
Henry Laurens
John
John
Henry Laurens
Laurens
Henry Laurens
John Laurens
Martha Laurens
John Laurens
Laurens
Laurens
John Church
Laurens
Laurens
Laurens
John Laurens


texts: <mask> was born in Lorrha, County Tipperary. He was the manager of the senior team. <mask> had a successful playing career with Lorrha-Dorrha and at inter-county level with Tipperary. He was a member of the latter team for a number of seasons in the 1980's. <mask> gained a reputation as a manager and coach after his playing days ended. After his first term as manager of the Offaly senior Hurling team in the 1990s, he went on to work as a coach in the Clarinbridge club team in Galway. <mask> was appointed manager of the Galway senior Hurling team in November 2008.<mask> played for his local team Lorrha-Dorrha during the 1980s and enjoyed some success. He won the north Tipperary divisional title in 1984. Lorrha-Dorrha advanced to the final of the county senior championship after this victory. <mask>'s side could not match Moycarkey-Borris's strength. The north Tipp club was defeated by a 2–8 to 0–9 score line. Lorrha-Dorrha was named club of the year in 1984 despite this. <mask> added a second title to his collection in 1989.<mask> came to prominence on the inter-county scene when he was a member of the Tipperary under-21 hurl team. Tipp were hoping to win a third All-Ireland under-21 title. Following a 1–15 to 0–10 defeat of arch-rivals Cork, <mask> was a key member of the team. <mask> was once again named in the centre-back position on the team for the All-Ireland final. Tipp had too much for their neighbours and fierce rivals. <mask> picked up an All-Ireland under-21 winners' medal after a final score of 2–16 to 1–10. <mask> made his championship debut in 1983 for the Tipperary senior inter-county team.Tipp had an uncharacteristic lean period. <mask> lined out in his first final. They were going for a third provincial title in a row. They were hoping to win for the first time in 44 years. The hoodoo looked to be over with four minutes remaining. Senie O'Leary and Tony O' Sullivan had different ideas. <mask>'s side were defeated once again, this time by two quick goals.The two counties went to battle in the decider again. <mask> was on the losing side for the second time as Cork secured a 4–17 to 4–11 victory. <mask> was replaced at centre-back by Noel Sheehy. He came on as a replacement for Tipp. His last game was with Tipperary. <mask> was hired to coach the Clarinbridge senior hurl team in 2001. Clarinbridge reached the final of the county senior championship in a successful year for the club.Athenry were the favorites going into the game. Coen scored a point from a disputed free deep into injury time to give <mask>'s side a deserved victory. It was Calrinbridge's first title. The club made it to the Connacht club final. Clarinbridge were too strong and won the game by 2–18 to 1–6. <mask>'s side defeated Ballygunner in the All-Ireland semi-finals to set up a championship decider meeting with Birr. Clarinbridge was defeated by 2–10 to 1–5 in the game at Semple Stadium.<mask> became involved in inter-county management for the first time in 1996 when he took charge of the Offaly senior team. His term in charge did not go well. Offaly had an unlucky defeat in the Leinster semi-finals. <mask>'s side lost that game by three points on a day when it took a great save by Fitzhenry to prevent Billy Dooley from scoring an equalising goal. Michael 'Babs' Keating replaced him as manager. <mask> was appointed Offaly manager for the second time. In the 1980s and 1990s, Offaly had the power to hurl.His first season was not very successful. <mask>'s side crashed out of the All-Ireland championship after a 6–28 to 0–15 loss to Kilkenny in the Leinster semi-finals. By 2006 nothing had changed. <mask>'s side exited the championship in the All-Ireland group stage for the second year in a row. In 2007, Offaly were defeated in the semi-finals of the provincial championship. <mask>'s side were dumped out of the championship after a defeat of Dublin. He resigned as a manager.<mask> was confirmed as the new manager of the senior team on 18 November 2008. The team entered the championship for the first time with high hopes. <mask>'s Galway faced Kilkenny in the provincial semi-final after trouncing Laois in the opening round. The Cats came back from five points down to win. In the All-Ireland quarter-finals, Galway was defeated by Waterford. The National Hurling League was won by Galway in May 2010 with a 2–22 to 1–17 win against Cork. <mask> resigned as manager in September of 2011.Referred to as living people Lorrha-Dorrha hurlers Tipperary inter-county hurlers Hurling managers.

masks:
John McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre
McIntyre


texts: An American business tycoon and politician named <mask> purchased the Coca-Cola recipe for $238.98 from a chemist in Atlanta, Georgia. The Coca-Cola Company was founded in 1892 by <mask>. <mask> was elected and served as the 41st Mayor of Atlanta from 1916 to 1919. Candler Park in Atlanta is named after him, as is Candler Field, the site of the present-day Atlanta International Airport. In addition to the Candler Building in Atlanta, he built a Candler Building in Kansas City, a Candler Building in New York City, and a Candler Building in Baltimore. On December 30, 1851, <mask> was born in Villa Rica, Georgia. His parents were a merchant and property owner.<mask> and his brother Warren Akin <mask> were raised by their parents. In the Creek War of 1836, Samuel Charles <mask> was a member of the legislature of South Carolina. Charles Howard <mask> was the eldest son of <mask> <mask> <mask>. Callanwolde is a fine arts center that was adapted from his family estate. The second son, <mask> G<mask>, Jr., was an eccentric, alcoholic, and depressed real-estate developer. His mansion and estate were used as an alcoholism rehab center and a psychiatric hospital. It used to be a campus of Emory University.Zoo Atlanta expanded in the 1930s because of <mask> Jr.'s animals. Lucy married Henry Heinz, who was the president of the club. He was shot in the mansion in 1943. There were rumors that he was murdered by a relative. <mask> Heinz was married to cellist and conductor Enrico Leide. The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra was founded by him. Walter T<mask> was the third son.The Lullwater House has been turned into the residence of the president of the university. The site of a Veterans Administration complex is located in Druid Hills. Walter T<mask> had one child. <mask> was the local financier of the Atlanta Biltmore Hotel. He was the manager of the Biltmore Hotel when he was elected president of the Biltmore Corporation. Rest Haven is located on Springdale Road. The founder of Coca-Cola was a druggist named <mask> <mask> <mask>.The Coca-Cola recipe was bought by <mask> for $2,300. The drink was made from coca leaves and other ingredients. He founded the Coca-Cola Company. He distributed the first dividends to the company's shareholders after trademarking the brand. Coca-Cola was distributed in the United States by 1895. It began exporting to Cuba in 1899. Two years later, exports to Europe began.He sold the rights to bottle Coca-Cola in the US for one dollar. Coca-Cola was advertised as a drink that could cure headaches and relieve mental and physical fatigue. <mask> removed the cocaine component from the coca leaves in order to sell it to pharmaceutical companies. The company had an annual advertising budget of $1 million. The Coca-Cola bottle was created in 1915. <mask> ended his day-to-day management of the Coca-Cola Company after he was elected mayor of Atlanta. Coca-Cola agreed to reduce the amount of caffeine in their drink in 1917.<mask> gave most of the stock in The Coca-Cola Company to his children. They sold their shares to a group of investors. The Candler Building was Atlanta's tallest building in 1906. It was 17 stories tall and had intricately carved decorations. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, which is significant for its architectural detail and role as a company symbol. The Candler Building in New York opened in 1912. <mask> was elected mayor of Atlanta in 1916.After the Great Atlanta fire of 1917 destroyed 1,500 homes, he balanced the city budget. In order to provide the infrastructure necessary for a modern city, he made large personal loans in order to develop the water and sewage facilities of Atlanta. <mask> gave a total of $7 million to several schools and universities, including the Candler Hospital in Georgia. Candler paid to relocate the university from Georgia to Atlanta. <mask> <mask> had a stroke and never recovered. He died in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 12, 1929. Westview Cemetery is on the west side of Atlanta.The Candler Field Museum in Georgia commemorates the original Candler Field, the first Atlanta airport. The <mask> home in Inman Park, built from 1901 to 1904, is still a private home. <mask>'s mansion, built in 1916 at 1500 Ponce de Leon Avenue, was later adapted for use as a Greek Catholic Church. The City of Atlanta received his Druid Hills holdings in 1922 for Candler Park. The Central Bank and Trust were sold by him. The Candler Building is located on the northeast corner of East Pratt Street and Market Place in Baltimore, Maryland, and is still named after him. The brick industrial style building is on the waterfront of the basin of Baltimore Harbor.The structure had brass door knobs engraved with "CC" for the company, which was used as a regional headquarters. The building was the national headquarters of the new Social Security Administration. One of the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the Social Security Act of 1935. As the old waterfront area and municipal piers area were being redeveloped from commercial and industrial uses, the Candler Building was renovated for offices and some apartments/condos. When the Coca-Cola Company built the Western Auto Building in Kansas City in 1914, it was known as the Coca-Cola Building. It is now a loft condominiums. The Candler Building is still being used.The Candler School of Theology is named after Warren Akin <mask>. External links are references to <mask> and Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library is owned by <mask> <mask> <mask>. The Candler Family Papers include Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library.

masks:
Asa Griggs Candler
Candler
Candler
Asa Griggs Candler
Asa
Candler
Candler
Candler
Asa
Griggs
Candler
Asa
. Candler
Asa
Lucy Candler
. Candler
. Candler
William Candler
Asa
Griggs
Candler
Candler
Candler
Candler
Candler
Candler
Candler
Asa
Candler
Candler
Candler
Candler
Samuel Candler
Asa
Griggs
Candler


texts: <mask> was born on January 24, 1935. He graduated from Vistycio middle school in 1950 and then from 1950 to 1955 studied at the Stepas Zukas art school. He studied at the State Art Institute of Vilnius from 1955 to 1961. He is a member of the Lithuanian Artist's Association. He was art director of the magazine "Banga" from 1962 to 1970. He was given an honorific name in 1985. A member of the International federation of medals.Member of AIAM in Rome. Since 1960, I have participated in exhibitions. The 1964 "Revolt in Lithuania in the year 1863" head is  16 cm. iurlionis" head, reverse,  22 cm; "The legend of the foundation of Vilnius" copper,  16 cm; and "Ina" medallion, silver, 5x6 cm. iurlionis" medallions, silvered copper, 4x5 cm; "Goda" copper, 12x15 cm; and "In memoriam of professor B. Pundzius" copper, 16 cm. "Olympic light" Museum of fine arts of Lithuania, Vilnius; "Sacrifice" Mrs. Fokiene's private collection. The first award was for "Olympian light", the second was for "The fight" and the third was for "Greeting of cosmonaut" in Moscow.References International Art Medal Federation World Wide Arts Resources.


texts: <mask>, nicknamed "Special K" and the "Polish Prince", was an American auto racing driver and team owner. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Kulwicki arrived at NASCAR, the highest and most expensive level of stock car racing in the United States, with no sponsor, a limited budget and only a racecar and a borrowed pickup truck. He was the 1986 NASCAR rookies of the year despite starting with meager equipment and finances. The "Polish victory lap" was created after Kulwicki won his first race. Kulwicki won the 1992Winston Cup Championship by a single point. He died early in 1993 in a light aircraft accident and never defended his title.He was named one of NASCAR's 50 greatest drivers. Kulwicki was known for doing things his way. His approach to NASCAR racing inspired the way teams are run today. He insisted on driving for his own race team, AK Racing, despite lucrative offers from top car owners. He was described as a hard type of person to get to know by his publicist. Kulwicki grew up in a suburb of Milwaukee known for its Polish-American neighborhoods. Kulwicki's family moved in with his grandmother after his mother died.His brother died of an illness a year later. Kulwicki received a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1977. His knowledge of engineering has been said to be a factor in his success as a driver. As an amateur, he raced on local tracks before becoming 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Kulwicki was always competing with a devotional medal in his car. Kulwicki began his racing career as a 13-year-old kart racer. Norm Nelson and Roger McCluskey's United States Automobile Club (USAC) racecars were built by his father.Kulwicki's father was unable to help him at most kart races because of his work, so Kulwicki had to find someone to take his kart to the track. Kulwicki usually did most of the work himself when he asked his father for advice. "I showed him how to do it", Kulwicki said. He asked why he didn't do it. You can do better. I told him that if he did it for a while, he could do it better. Many American racetracks host their own season championships.Dirt and asphalt short track racing was held in Wisconsin. Kulwicki started driving stock cars at the local level. After winning the rookies of the year award at Hales Corners in 1973, he started racing late models at the same track, the fastest and most complicated type of stock cars raced at the local level. He won his first feature race that season. Kulwicki moved from dirt tracks to paved tracks in 1977. He collaborated with a racecar builder to build an innovative car that was far more stiff than other late models. The increased strength of the car allowed it to handle better in the corners.He won the track championship in 1977. In 1978, Kulwicki returned to Slinger and started racing a late model at Wisconsin International Raceway, finishing third in points in his first season at the track. He won the late model track titles in 1979 and 1980. In 1979 Kulwicki began competing in regional to national level events for the USAC Stock Car series and the American Speed Association. Kulwicki and Wallace became friends when they raced against each other. Kulwicki's highest finish in the season points championship was third place, which he achieved in both 1982 and 1985 with five career victories and twelve pole positions. Kulwicki was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217The Busch Grand National Series was a proving ground for drivers who wanted to step up to the organization's premiere circuit, theWinston Cup. Kulwicki finished in second place at his first career NASCAR race, which took place at the Milwaukee Mile, several city blocks from where he grew up. He finished seventh at Charlotte and fifth at Bristol. Kulwicki placed sixteenth in the season opener of the Busch Series. He finished fourteenth because of engine problems, despite winning the pole position. Bill Terry offered Kulwicki a chance to race for him in several Winston Cup events after Kulwicki's successes in the Busch Series. Kulwicki sold most of his belongings in 1985 to move to the Charlotte area in North Carolina.He only kept a few things and his truck was loaded with furniture and tools. Kulwicki had to borrow a trailer after his truck was destroyed by an electrical fire. After arriving in the Charlotte area, he showed up at Terry's shop ready to race. Veteran NASCAR drivers were initially amused by Kulwicki's arrival on the national tour: He was a driver from the northern United States when the series was primarily a southern regional series, he had a mechanical engineering degree when few other drivers had completed college and, with only six starts, had Kulwicki was described as studious and hard working. He carried a briefcase while walking in the garage area. On September 8, 1985, Kulwicki made his first career start for Bill Terry in theWinston Cup.The team is made up of 32 people. He competed in five races for Terry and his highest finish was 13th. Kulwicki began his career in 1986 with Terry. Terry sold his racing team to his driver after he decided to stop supporting it. Kulwicki started out as a one-man team, as he had to serve as driver, team administrator, crew chief and chief mechanic. Kulwicki had trouble getting and keeping crew members because he found it difficult to trust them to do the job with the excellence that he demanded and because he was hands-on in the maintenance of racecars to the point of being a "control freak". He sought out crew members who had owned their own racecars, believing they would understand what he was going through, working long hours and performing his own car maintenance with a very limited budget.Notable crew members include his crew chief, Paul Andrews. Ray Evernham was with Kulwicki for six weeks in 1992. The man was a genius. There is no question. People don't just feel like he was a genius. The man was a genius. His personality paid for that.He was very straightforward and impatient. Kulwicki had one car, two engines, and two full-time crew members. He had competed in 23 of 29 events, with four top 10 finishes, three races not completed, and an average finish of 15.4, and had only one result below 30th place. Kulwicki finished the season in 21st place. Kulwicki changed his car number to seven after securing primary sponsorship from Zerex Antifreeze. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He qualified fastest at the two locations.Dale Earnhardt passed Kulwicki on the last lap to win the race. Kulwicki had nine top 10 finishes, eleven DNFs and an average finish of 18.2 in 29 events. Kulwicki's crew chief was recommended by Wallace at the 1987 NASCAR Awards banquet. Kulwicki was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Kulwicki won by 18.5 seconds. The driver's side of the car was facing the fans when he turned his car around and made a "Polish victory lap" after the race. Kulwicki explained that he was able to wave to the crowd from the driver's side.He wanted to do something special for his first win. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Kulwicki finished 14th in the points race. Kulwicki started his own engine-building program. After the fifth race of the season, he held the points lead and had four second place finishes. The team dropped from fourth to fifteenth in points because of engine failures. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217


texts: 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217A new workshop was built for the team. At the beginning of the 1990 season, Junior Johnson, owner of one of the top NASCAR teams, tried to get <mask> to replace Terry Labonte in the No. There are 11 cars. Kulwicki said he was more interested in running his own team. On October 21, 1990, he won his second Cup race and finished eighth in points, his first top 10 finish in a season. He had 13 top 10 finishes and one pole position in 29 races. <mask>'s team was sponsored by Zerex before the 1991 season.Junior Johnson was looking for a driver for his revived second team that had last seen Neil Bonnett behind the wheel. Kulwicki thought he had secured a sponsorship deal with Maxwell House Coffee when he turned down Johnson's $1 million offer. The sponsorship for Johnson's new car was obtained by him and he went to the house to get it. Kulwicki had to pay all of the team's expenses out of his own pocket because he didn't have a sponsor. At the 1991 Daytona 500, five cars raced with paint schemes representing different branches of the United States military to show support for the American forces involved in the Gulf War. It was the first use of special paint schemes. The United States Army sponsored Kulwicki's car.After running the second and third races of the season in a plain white unsponsored car, Kulwicki's luck finding a sponsor changed for the better. Mark Stahl is an owner-driver in the Cup series and his car was sponsored by Hooters. Kulwicki was a full-time participant who had trouble making races. The Hooters car failed to make the field for the Motorcraft Quality Parts 500 and the Atlanta-based chain approached the sponsorless Kulwicki to gauge his interest. When Kulwicki recorded an eighth-place finish in the race, the principals agreed to a longer term deal. Kulwicki won the Bristol night race for the third time. He had 11 top 10 finishes, four poles, and 13th place in the points in 29 races.Kulwicki was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He passed Dale Jarrett with 27 laps left to win the Food City 500 at Bristol. It was his fourth victory. He never left the top five in season points after that race. Kulwicki's consistently strong finishes were attributed to the steady performance of newly adopted radial tires. It was hard to control them, and the driver's ability to work with that car during practice in order to get the car set up meant more than it ever did. The first race of the season was won by Kulwicki.<mask>, who had been discounted as a contender for the season championship, was expected to fade from contention as Bill Elliott and Davey Allison, both of whom had won more races than Kulwicki and who had traded the points lead between them, were both having strong seasons. He was in the top 5 in the series. He crashed early in the race and finished 34th in the Peak AntiFreeze 500 race. Kulwicki was behind points leader Elliott at the end of the race. He said to reporters, "This probably finishes us off in the championship deal." Kulwicki was able to take advantage of bad fortune. At the next race, Kulwicki finished fifth, while Elliott crashed out of the race.Kulwicki followed that up with a twelfth-place finish at North Wilkesboro, a second place at Charlotte, and a twelfth-place finish at Rockingham. In addition to a fourth place finish at Rockingham, he ran twenty-sixth and fourteenth at North and Charlotte, respectively. At Phoenix, Kulwicki ran fourth andElliott was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Kulwicki was within striking distance of the points lead despite Allison winning the race. Kulwicki was thirty points behind Allison when the points were calculated after the race. The Hooters 500 at Atlanta was the final race of the season. Kulwicki got approval from NASCAR and Ford to change the "Thunderbird" lettering on his bumper to "underbird" because he felt like the favorite to win the championship.Kulwicki qualified for the race in fourteenth position, three spots ahead of Allison. Allison needed to finish fifth or better to win the Cup. Atlanta was not one of his better tracks as he had a string of inconsistent finishes there. He finished fourth in the spring race. Kulwicki had to put as much distance between himself and Allison as possible because he had to make up thirty points on Allison in order to catch him. Kulwicki narrowly avoided an incident on the second lap of the race as front row starters Rick Mast and Bodine spun out. He was on the first round of pit stops.Kulwicki's car broke down as he was about to leave his pit box. He got a push start from his crew and upshifted into fourth gear, which allowed him to refire the car and head back out. "We had to leave pit road in fourth gear, because we had broken metal parts in there, and only by leaving it in fourth are you not going to move metal around as much," he said. We were hoping that the piece of metal didn't break the gears in half. After it broke, we had several pit stops. I held my breath all day. Kulwicki had no choice but to keep his car in top gear, which caused his pit stop times to be much slower than usual, but he was one of the faster drivers on the track that day and he gained positions once back up to speed.Kulwicki found his way to the front of the field and held onto the lead despite the best efforts of the #11 team. Kulwicki got a break on lap 260. Allison was running in sixth place at the time, and since he had led a lap during the course of the event, he was still leading the championship. Irvan spun out in front of the field as he came off of turn four. Irvan, who had been running three laps down at the time, came down in front of Allison, who was unable to avoid him, and the two crashed into the inside wall near the start/finish line. Allison's car was badly damaged in the incident, and although the damage would be able to be repaired in the garage, his chances of winning theWinston Cup were over. After the caution, <mask> and Andrews went to work on a strategy for the rest of the race.Kulwicki focused on maximizing track position and points with Allison out of the picture. Five bonus points were available for the driver who led the most laps, and five bonus points were available for the driver who led the most laps. Kulwicki would have to pit at some point if he wanted to make it to the advertised distance. Kulwicki and Andrews decided to stay out as long as possible and lead as many laps as possible. Kulwicki was able to maintain his lead after the race resumed. Kulwicki came down the pit road for a fuel only stop after leading 101 consecutive laps and 103 overall. Since the team did not need a full twenty-two gallon load of fuel to make it to the end and they needed to save as much time as they could, Andrews decided to put half a can of gasoline into Kulwicki's tank.Tony and Peter were waiting for Kulwicki to pull in. There was a problem with the fuel relay and Gibson was not sure of the amount of gasoline that made it into the tank. Kulwicki came back onto the track in third place. He didn't get the five bonus points for leading the most laps because he didn't have an opportunity to tie Kulwicki's total. Both drivers would get points. He had to come down to top off his tank. Kulwicki once again caught a break that affected his chances in a significant way, as he had done after the broken gearbox and the accident that took Allison out of the race.Tim Brewer lost track of Labonte and waited for another lap to bring him in. While he was pitting, Labonte was able to pass. When added to the ninety he had already led, it would add up to 102. Kulwicki was told that he had five extra points. Kulwicki was told to conserve fuel as no one knew whether or not the job had been done. Kulwicki had to hold on to his second place position in order to win the championship because he was not a factor. Kulwicki stretched his fuel to finish second in the race.Kulwicki won the 1992Winston Cup Championship by maintaining his 10-point lead. He won his second title with a victory lap. Kulwicki combed his hair to make a national television audience wait for him to emerge from his car. Kulwicki finished with a fifth, a fourth, and two second-place finishes in the final six races of the season to overcome the 278-point deficit. Kulwicki won the title because of his consistent high finishes. Until the implementation of the Chase for the Cup format in 2004, it was the closest title win in NASCAR Cup Series history. Kulwicki was the first Cup champion with a college degree and the first Cup champion born in a northern state, and he was the last owner-driver to win the title.He started from the pole position six times. Frank Sinatra's "My Way" was played during a short salute to Kulwicki at the year-end awards banquet. Kulwicki returned to his hometown for Alan Kulwicki Day in 1993. Four to five thousand people were in the gymnasium at the high school. Television crews filmed the event. Kulwicki signed autographs for a long time. During the 1993 season, Hooters made a "Alan Tribute Card" that was used at all of the autograph sessions.Kulwicki did not change his spending habits after winning the 1992 championship. He said that he only wanted to buy a plane, but that Hooters has a couple that he can use. Kulwicki leased one of his aircraft to Hooters Chairman Robert Brooks. The Swearingen Merlin III twin turboprop Kulwicki leased was painted with Hooters livery and had its FAA registry changed to N300AK. Kulwicki was 9th in the overall points after the first five races. Kulwicki had concerns about how often he was allowed to use the airplane he had leased, and he wanted to bring that up with his sponsor, Hooters. The PR representative for both Hooters and Kulwicki, Tom Roberts, suggested that Kulwicki bring up his concerns to Hooters leadership on the evening of April 1, 1993, en route to the 1993 Food City 500.Roberts took a commercial flight to Bristol in order to avoid a conflict of interest between the two sides. Death Kulwicki died in an airplane crash. He was returning from an appearance at the Hooters on the Kingston pike, in a Hooters corporate plane on a short flight across Tennessee before the Sunday race at Bristol. Just

masks: Kulwicki Kulwicki Kulwicki Kulwicki


texts: before the final approach to Tri-Cities Regional Airport, the plane slowed and crashed in a field off of I 81. The crash was caused by the pilot's failure to use the airplane's anti-ice system to clear ice from the engine inlet system. NASCAR President Bill France, Jr. and many drivers attended the funeral of Kulwicki. Other teams and the media watched as Kulwicki's racecar transporter traveled slowly around the track with a black wreath on its grille.The flagman waved a checkered flag as the transporter passed. Kyle described the slow laps as the "sadest thing I've ever seen at a racetrack." Kulwicki had competed in five NASCAR races that season with two Top 5 finishes and was ranked ninth in points at his death. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Jimmy Hensley drove his car at the other tracks while Tommy Kendall drove his car on road courses. The team was sold to Bodine in 1993 and he ran it for a while. Kulwicki was selected to compete in the 1993 IROC series as the reigning Winston Cup champion.He competed in two IROC races before he died. The prize money for <mask> and Dale Earnhardt's fifth place combined points finish in the final two IROC races was given to charities. Wallace performed <mask>'s trademark Polish victory lap three days after <mask>'s death. On July 13, 1993, competitors who had been carrying a No. died. 7 sticker in memory of Kulwicki. There are 28 stickers for Allison. Dale Earnhardt and Wallace carried flags for Kulwicki and Allison after the final race of the season.Kulwicki competed in only five races and finished 41st. There is a die-cast version of <mask>'s No. The car was a tribute to Kulwicki. The four victims of the plane crash were remembered by the USAR Hooters Pro Cup championship. The challenge was a four-race series with each race named after one of the four people who died in the crash: <mask>, Mark Brooks, Dan Duncan, and pilot Charles Campbell. The <mask>i Memorial Park was created by Milwaukee County in 1996. The park features a Kulwicki museum inside the Brooks Pavilion.Each year, the <mask> Memorial Scholarship is given to an incoming student by the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Outstanding high school seniors who plan to major in mechanical engineering are the scholarship winners. The automotive and motorsports engineering program was created by UNC Charlotte. The <mask> family made a donation in October of 2009. The university's Board of Trustees renamed the facility in honor of the gift. The construction of a second engineering building was funded by the donation. Bristol Motor Speedway named its stands in honor of Kulwicki, as well as a terrace above the stands.The Milwaukee Mile race was named the "<mask>i 250" in honor of Kulwicki. Paul Menard performed a Polish victory lap to honor Kulwicki after he won the 2006 Busch Series event. The <mask>i Memorial race has been held at Slinger since 1994. Kulwicki was a member of the International Motorsports Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993, the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame in 1997, the Bristol Motor Speedway Heroes of Bristol Hall of Fame in 1997, and the Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2001. Kulwicki was a member of the NASCAR Hall of Fame. <mask>'s success as an owner-driver led to a small trend among NASCAR veterans.After Kulwicki's death, many people began racing teams. <mask>'s was as successful as any of the others. <mask> is an inspiration to Robby Gordon as he is an owner-driver. 7 is a tribute to Kulwicki. The annual memorial for <mask>i began in 1993 at Slinger Super Speedway. The <mask> Memorial Student Center was created at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. The center, along with a scholarship for engineering students, was made possible by a donation from the late racer's stepmother.Kulwicki's life and career will be celebrated in a special exhibit by the Milwaukee County Historical Society. "<mask>i: A Champion's Story" is an exhibit. In 2015, <mask>'s friends began the <mask>i Driver Development program to help worthy drivers along the way in reaching their dream. Seven drivers' career advancement will be supported by the program after the field is narrowed to 15 applicants. Drivers are judged on their on-track performance as well as off-track activities, social media presence and community involvement. The winner gets seven times the amount of money and a trophy. The 2020 season was canceled because of COVID-19 concerns.The program was canceled in 2020 due to COVID-19. There are other participants in each class. The <mask>i Story was the basis for a low-budget feature film. <mask>'s life is chronicled in a film that ends with his death. The movie was made for less than $100,000 by Kulwicki's Wisconsin fans. The star of the film, Brad Weber, was a Kulwicki fan and credits the late driver with being his inspiration to become an actor. The pole position is awarded by the time it takes to get there.Pole position is earned by points or practice time. Most laps were led. The Daytona 500 Busch Series International Race of Champs has a pole position. Most laps were led. The <mask> Story is a movie reviewed by the Speed

masks:
Kulwicki
Kulwicki
Kulwicki
Alan Kulwicki
Kulwicki
Alan Kulwick
Alan Kulwicki
Kulwicki
Alan Kulwick
Alan Kulwick
Kulwicki
Kulwicki
Alan
Alan Kulwick
Alan Kulwicki
Alan Kulwick
Alan Kulwicki
Alan Kulwick
Alan Kulwick
Kulwicki
Alan Kulwicki


texts: Saint <mask> the Exuberant, Obl., is also known as <mask> II. The Holy Roman Emperor was named S. B. He was the last ruler of the Ottonian line and died without an heir. <mask> became King of the Romans in 1002 after the death of his second cousin, Emperor Otto III, and was made King of Italy in 1004 after being crowned emperor by Pope Benedict VIII. The son of <mask>, Duke of Bavaria, and his wife Gisela of Burgundy, Emperor <mask> II was a great-grandson of German king <mask> the Fowler and a member of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. After his father rebelled against two previous emperors, the younger <mask> spent long periods of time in exile, first finding refuge with the Bishop of Freising and later at the cathedral school in Hildesheim. He replaced his father as Duke of Bavaria.He tried to join Emperor Otto III in suppressing a revolt against imperial rule in Italy in 1002. Otto III died of a disease before <mask> arrived. <mask> was crowned King of Germany on 9 July 1002 as the first in a line of kings to adopt the title <mask>rum, an allusion to his perceived prerogative to the future appointment of Imperator <mask>rum. <mask> became King of Italy on May 15, 1004 and joined Duke Jaromr of Bohemia in his fight against the Poles in 1004. <mask> spent most of his reign concerned with the renovation of the imperial territories north of the Alps, a policy summed up on his seal as Renovatio regni Francorum, which replaced Otto'. A series of conflicts with the Polish Duke Bolesaw I, who had already conquered a number of countries surrounding him, required <mask>'s full attention and years of political and military maneuvering. <mask> led three expeditions into Italy to enforce his feudal claim and address Byzantine attempts to gain control over southern Italy.Pope Benedict VIII crowned <mask> Holy Roman Emperor in Rome. The rule of <mask> II was characterized as a period of centralized authority throughout the Holy Roman Empire. He cultivated personal and political ties with the Catholic Church. The Ottonian dynasty used clerics as counter-weights against secular nobles. <mask> increased control over ecclesiastical affairs through donations to the Church and the establishment of new dioceses. He promoted monastic reform. He was canonized by Pope Eugene III in 1146.He is the only medieval German monarch who has ever been honoured a saint. Pope Innocent III canonized Cunigunde, <mask> II's wife, in 1200. Conrad II, a great-great-grandson of Emperor Otto I, was elected to succeed him after he died. Conrad was one of the first emperors. <mask> was the son of Duke <mask> of Bavaria and Gisela of Burgundy. He was the great-grandson of King <mask> of Germany and the grandson of Duke <mask> of Bavaria. He was the grandson of King Conrad I of Burgundy and the great-grandson of King Rudolf II of Burgundy.Holy Roman Emperor Otto II had a conflict with his cousin <mask>. Otto II had the right to name a duke of his choosing while <mask> had the right to claim the duchy as his own. Otto II imprisoned the elder <mask> after a failed revolt. <mask> revolted against Otto II after escaping. Otto II deposed <mask> as Duke of Bavaria and sent him into exile after the second revolt failed. The Emperor created the Duchy of Carinthia as a result of his revolt. <mask> lived in Hildesheim during his father's exile.He was educated in the Christian faith as a child by Bishop Wolfgang of Regensburg and then studied at the Hildesheim Cathedral. <mask> would not be allowed to participate in the Imperial government if he became a religious official because of the Emperor's order. Otto II's death allowed the elder <mask> to be released from custody and return from exile. Otto III, the three-year-old child of Otto II, was claimed by the elder <mask>. The child's mother became the child's regent after the elder <mask> tried to claim the German throne. <mask> was restored as Duke of Bavaria as a result of his submission to the child king. The younger <mask> was named his regent when he was thirteen years old.The younger <mask> was elected as the new duke after his father's death. Cunigunde was a daughter of Count Siegfried of Luxembourg. He had an extensive network of contacts in Germany's western territories. Otto III had a revolt against his reign in Italy in 1001. <mask> was supposed to join the Emperor with reinforcements from Germany, but he died unexpectedly in January 1002. Otto left no children or instructions for the Imperial succession when he died at the age of 21. The Saxon branch of the Ottonian dynasty had the right to succession to the throne.Rival candidates for the throne, including Count Ezzo of Lotharingia, Margrave Eckard I of Meissen, and Duke Herman II of Swabia, strongly opposed <mask>'s right to succeed Otto III. In February 1002, <mask> met the funeral procession in Polling, just north of the Alps. <mask> demanded that the Holy Lance be given to him, among other things. Heribert sent these ahead of the procession out of distrust of <mask> and possibly because he favored the succession of his relative Duke Herman II of Swabia as the next king. The Bishop of Wrzburg and his brother were imprisoned by <mask> in order to force Herman II to give up the Holy Lance. <mask> was unable to convince the nobles at Otto III's funeral procession that he was the rightful heir to the throne. <mask> tried to get the support of the kingdom's nobles at Otto III's funeral, but was again rejected.Without the support of the kingdom's nobility, <mask> took the radical action of having himself anointed and crowned King of Germany on 9 July 1002 at Mainz, in present-day Germany. Since Otto I began the tradition of a German king assuming the throne without election by the German nobility, <mask>'s action marked the first time a German king was not crowned in the cathedral. He appeared before the Saxons in full regalia in mid-July. <mask> convinced Bernard I to support his claims to the throne. <mask> guaranteed Bernard's right to rule the Saxons and to represent their interests before him in return for his support. <mask> arranged for the crown of Cunigunde of Luxembourg as Queen of Germany on August 10, 1002 in Paderborn, after gaining the support of the Saxons. <mask> II consolidated his political power over time.<mask>'s right to the throne was fiercelycontested by Herman II, Duke of Swabia. Otto III's true successor was believed to be the Swabian Duke, as he had married a daughter of the emperor. There were armed conflicts between <mask> and Herman II. The two men were forced to fight each other because of this. <mask> was unable to defeat Herman in Swabia, so he traveled throughout the various duchies of his kingdom. In order to get the general consent of his subjects, this was done. The kingdom's nobles accepted <mask> II as king because of his ties to the Ottonian dynasty.Herman II submitted to <mask>'s authority after being defeated at a battle. In exchange for this surrender, <mask> allowed Herman II to remain Duke of Swabia until his death the following year, after which, although recognizing the minor Hermann III as his father's successor, <mask> assumed all power over the Duchy himself. <mask>'s rule was revolted against in 1003. <mask> promised to install the Margrave as his successor in exchange for supporting his claim to the German crown. <mask> supported the rights of the Bavarians to choose their own duke after assuming the throne. Count <mask> of Luxembourg became the Duke of Bavaria after <mask>'s betrayal by Bolesaw I of Poland. The Margrave was deposed in 1004.The March ofNordgau was abolished by <mask> II in 1007, and the secular authority over the territory was transferred to the Diocese in order to prevent further uprisings. Otto III's death in 1002 allowed Italy to fall from German control. After the Emperor's death, Margrave Arduin of Ivrea proclaimed himself King of Italy. Ard 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Arduin was excommunicated for the murder of the Bishop of Vercelli. The German King Henry II was the rightful ruler of Italy because of this. Arduin defeated Otto's troops at the Battle of Fabrica in 1003 after Henry II sent Duke Otto I of Carinthia to face him.<mask> led an invasion into Italy against Arduin in 1004. <mask> led his troops through the Brenner Pass to Trento, Italy. The Italian clergy and some noble families swore their loyalty to <mask> after initial military successes. The King of Italy was crowned on 14 May 1004 in Pavia. <mask> wore two crowns, one for Germany and one for Italy, instead of a common crown, after gaining the Kingdom of Italy. There was a dispute between some of the residents and <mask>'s people. The palace where the king was dining was attacked by the residents.The city caught fire and many people were killed when the army moved to protect the king. <mask> didn't go to Rome to claim the Imperial crown until he returned to Germany in the summer of 1004. Pope John XVIII had opposition to this. The Kingdom was left to govern itself after <mask> didn't return to Italy for a decade. <mask> returned to Germany to take action against the Boleslaw I of Poland. The death of Emperor Otto III at the age of 21 in 1002 upset the young Emperor's plans, which were never fully implemented. The relationship between Germany and Bolesaw I of Poland was damaged by <mask>'s reversal of Otto III's eastern policies.<mask>'s actions caused Bolesaw I to seek new German allies. Bolesaw I supported Margrave Eckard I of Meissen over <mask> in the race to succeed the German throne. Bolesaw lent his support to <mask> after he was killed by Saxon nobles. On July 25, 1002, Bolesaw I traveled to Merseburg to pay homage to the new German king. The March of Meissen and the March of Lusatia were occupied by Bolesaw I after Otto III's death. <mask> accepted Bolesaw I's gains and allowed the Polish Duke to keep Lusatia as a fief. Bolesaw I was refused permission by <mask> to keep Meissen.An assassination attempt was made against Bolesaw I after he left Merseburg. Bolesaw I was seriously injured when the attempt failed. Relations between the two countries were severed after the Polish Duke accused <mask> of instituting the attack. Bolesaw did not pay tribute to Germany. Boleslaus III was ousted in a revolt in 1002. Bolesaw I restored Boleslaus III to the throne in 1003. Boleslaus III undermined his position by ordering a massacre of his leading nobles.A messenger was sent to Bolesaw I requesting his intervention in the crisis. The duke was invited to Poland by the duke. Boleslaus III was captured, blinded, and imprisoned, where he would remain until his death. Bolesaw I conquered the duchy without any opposition in 1003. The Polish invasion increased the tension between Germany and Poland. Bolesaw I burned down the castle in Meissen in an act of war against <mask>. <mask> launched a military campaign against Poland in 1004 after returning from Italy, lasting until 1018.The first Polish War took place in 1004 after <mask> returned from his first expedition to Italy. <mask> formed an alliance with a pagan tribe in 1003. <mask> stopped Christianization efforts among the Slavic peoples because of their military alliance. The alliance with the Western Slavs against Poland was controversial. German nobles hoped for continued missionary work and the direct submission of the Elbe Slavs. Otto III had family ties with Poland and many German nobles opposed the war. Due to the war, members of the clergy, including Bishop Bruno of Querfurt, saw future tithe payments and Polish support for missionary work in Prussia evaporate.Bolesaw I formed an alliance with other peoples to prepare for <mask>'s invasion. His domain stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathian Mountains after he conquered the Oder River in 1002. The Polish Duke was connected to many princes. Bolesaw I's rebellion was answered by <mask> in the summer of 1004. He wiped out the Polish army at the castle. The younger brother of the deposed Duke Boleslaus III invaded the country with the help of the Germans. At Merseburg, Jaromr promised to incorporate Bohemia into the Holy Roman Empire.Jaromr proclaimed himself Duke after forcing Bolesaw I to flee. Polish forces would hold Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia until 1018. After retaking Meissen, <mask>'s army advanced deep into Poland in the summer of 1005. The German forces were attacked by the Polish army in the city of Pozna. <mask> and Bolesaw I signed a peace treaty. Bolesaw I gave up his claim to the throne after losing Lusatia and Meissen. The peace lasted only two years as neither party recognized the other's claims.Bolesaw I's re-occupation of the marches of Lusatia and Meissen resulted from <mask>'s attack on the Peace of Pozna. Three years later, the German counter-offensive began. It wasn't much of a consequence beyond some pillaging. A peace treaty was signed between Germany and Poland. Bolesaw I invaded Lusatia again. The city of Lubusz was pillaged and burned by Bolesaw I's forces. In exchange for receiving the March of Lusatia and the March of Meissen as fiefs, Bolesaw I had to recognize <mask> II as his overlord.Bolesaw I's son Mieszko II married the daughter of the Count of Lotharingia, granddaughter of Emperor Otto II. Imperial John XII reigned as pope from 1003 until 1009. Sergius IV succeeded him from 1009 to 1012 The Pope was subservient to the power of John Crescentius. John Crescentius was the ruler of the city and leader of the Crescentii clan. <mask> was prevented from claiming the imperial title because of John Crescentius' influence. Benedict VIII was elected to succeed Sergius IV.Gregory VI, an antipope, installed John Crescentius as the new head of the Catholic Church, forcing Benedict VIII to flee Rome. Benedict VIII appealed to <mask> for protection as he fled across the Alps. Benedict VIII was to be restored to his papal throne in exchange for <mask> becoming emperor. <mask> ordered his army to march into Italy at the end of 1013. <mask> and Duke Bolesaw of Poland signed a peace treaty in 1013. <mask> was able to address affairs in Italy because of the peace with Poland. <mask> was accompanied by his wife, Queen Cunigunde, and a number of clerics on the march across the Alps.The other bishops and abbots joined him when he reached Pavia. The King of Italy Arduin was trapped in his capital of Ivrea by <mask>'s forces. Benedict VIII was restored as pope after <mask> arrived in Rome. The Pope crowned <mask> as the Holy Roman Emperor in St. Peter's Basilica. In order to promote chastity within the clergy, the Emperor and Pope held a synod in Rome, appointed five bishops, and ordered the return of Church property. The Emperor established the Diocese of Bobbio after moving north again. <mask> returned to Germany in May 1014 after celebrating Easter in Pavia, Italy.He did not intervene in the politics of Italy or the Papal States after leaving Rome. Arduin sought peace with <mask> II in 1015 after he became ill. He left the office of Margrave of Ivrea to become a monk. He died on December 14, 1015. His brief "reign" as King of Italy was the last time a native Italian would rule over Italy. The Margraviate of Ivrea was dissolved after <mask> ordered it to do so. The peace agreement of 1013 between <mask> and Bolesaw I of Poland deteriorated quickly.In 1014, with <mask> absent from Germany, Bolesaw I sent his son Mieszko II Lambert to the Duchy of Bohemia in order to persuade the new Duke Oldich into an alliance against <mask> II. Mieszko II was imprisoned after

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