texts: <mask>'Flanagan was a Roman Catholic priest, Irish language scholar, inventor and historian. He was a socialist and a vice-president of the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society. He was an envoy to the United States for the Gaelic League from 1910 to 1912. O'Flanagan admired the sacrifice made by the men of Easter Week and was a friend of many of the 1916 Easter Rising leaders. He was an active member of the Sinn Féin party. He was the driving force behind the Election of the Snows in North Roscommon in February of 1917. amon de Valera was elected president at the Sinn Féin Convention.From 1917 to 1923 and again from 1930 to 1931, O'Flanagan held the position of joint Vice- President. He was part of the campaign to get the seat for the imprisoned Griffith. After being suspended by the Bishop, O'Flanagan went on to work full-time for Sinn Féin and was the main platform speaker during the 1918 election. O'Flanagan was acting President of Sinn Féin in 1920 when he sent a letter to David Lloyd George about peace moves. He reported British terms to amon de Valera on his return from meetings with Lloyd George and Edward Carson. He was the President of Sinn Féin from 1933 to 1935. O'Flanagan spent a lot of time in the United States and Rome.He was deported after five months as Republican Envoy to Australia. They were considered the best open-air orators of the twentieth century. He was suspended from the priesthood because of his political beliefs. He worked on a series of County Histories in the 1930s, and ten volumes were published by the time of his death. He died in 1942 and is buried in the Republican Plot. <mask> was born on August 13, 1876 at Cloonfower in the parish of Kilkeeven, close to Castlerea in County Roscommon. The children in order of birth were Maire, Patrick, <mask>, Brigid, Edmund, Kate and Joseph.Both parents were native speakers of Irish and English and lived on a small farm called a breac or speckled gaeltacht. The famine swept through the west of Ireland when he was three years old. The people who had survived the 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The family supported the Fenian movement. <mask> lived through the evictions and boycotts of the Land War. His parents were members of the Land League and he followed the rise and fall of Charles Stewart Parnell. <mask> O'Callaghan was O'Flanagan's teacher at the Don School.O'Flanagan attended secondary school at Summerhill College in 1890. He won prizes in theology, scripture, canon law, Irish language, education, and natural science when he was at St Patrick's College, Maynooth. O'Flanagan became a priest of the Third Order of St. Francis at the age of 24. He began to use the Irish form of his name around this time. O'Flanagan gave evening language classes in Sligo Town Hall and was active in promoting the Irish culture and language. When Padraig Pearse was invited to give a lecture titled "The Saving of a Nation" in Sligo Town Hall, he was a founding member and secretary of the Sligo Feis. In 1903 and 1904, Pearse and Douglas Hyde were the judges of the Irish language competition.O'Flanagan was a supporter of rural development and Irish self-reliance, having grown up on a small farm. He was a skilled public speaker and was vocal in his demands for radical social and political change. He was invited to speak and raise money in the United States in 1904 by his Bishop John Joseph Clancy. On November 3rd, Douglas Hyde wrote to O'Flanagan to say that he was sorry to see him go to America and that he had read O'Flanagan's work. His mission was to promote Irish industry, in particular the lace industry, and to find investment and collect donations for agricultural and industrial projects in the west of Ireland. The nuns of the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary ran the dairy industry at the Dillon estate when it was purchased by the Elphin diocese. O'Flanagan wanted to pay off the debt on the venture.O'Flanagan preferred to use other methods to raise funds and disliked simply asking for donations. He procured a trio of lace and craftworkers, Mary O'Flanagan Rose Egan and Kate Davoren, and set up a travelling industrial and cultural exhibition after returning to Ireland in 1905. The trio would give public demonstrations and show samples of various regional styles of Irish lace while O'Flanagancurated the exhibition and gave lectures and interviews. Over ninety-six weeks, the group traveled from coast to coast and held exhibitions in fifty-one cities. The public were charged a dollar to step on the soil of their native county when O'Flanagan brought sod clay from every county with him; these sods were arranged into a map of Ireland during the exhibitions. O'Flanagan placed notices in regional newspapers to promote his exhibition. He forged many connections within the Irish American community during his travels and gave many interviews to newspapers.O'Flanagan stayed in the United States until he was recalled to Ireland in 1910. O'Flanagan returned to Ireland in June 1910. He joined Sinn Féin and was elected to the standing committee. The National Council, a loose umbrella group of nationalists, was founded in 1905. Sinn Féin was in its "Monarchist" phase when O'Flanagan joined. The model for Irish independence was based on the Compromise of 1867, where Ireland would regain her sovereignty and share power as an equal member of the Commonwealth. Irish MPs should start by boycotting English Parliament and setting up a native Parliament in Dublin.After John Redmond's Irish Parliamentary Party won enough seats to put Home Rule and the Irish Problem firmly on the new Government's agenda, Sinn Féin's policies began to appear irrelevant. After the Election of the Snows in 1917, O'Flanagan's radical influence and energy would help transform the party. O'Flanagan was elected to the standing committee after attending a meeting of the Gaelic League. The existence of every part of the States of an Irish population that is ever anxious to hear of home progress and to meet any representatives of any Irish movement is reported by him. The Gaelic League asked him to return to the United States after he was appointed to the standing committee. Bishop Clancy agreed to allow Douglas Hyde to seek permission from O'Flanagan. O'Flanagan and MacColum opened an office on Madison Avenue in New York in 1910.The controversy over the "Playboy of the Western World" caused problems with American funders, with John Devoy threatening to withdraw his support from the Gaelic League if this was the kind of Irish culture American money was supporting. After consultation with Hyde in Dublin, O'Flanagan issued a statement in the New York Times disassociating the work of the Gaelic League from anything to do with William Butler Yeats, Lady Gregory or the Abbey players. O'Flanagan went back to Ireland where he was appointed as a priest in 1912. On October 19th, Bishop Clancy died, and his successor, Dr. Bernard Coyne, was a conservative who seemed to have resented O'Flanagan's perceived independence and modernity. O'Flanagan was a guest preacher in San Silvestro for four weeks in 1912 after being invited to Rome to give a series of lectures. There is a large collection of letters between him and Dr. John Hagan in the archive of the Irish College in Rome. The letters refer to O'Flanagan as "Brosna'".There was a strike at the Sligo docks in March 1913. O'Flanagan visited the strikers in May to show his support. The Bishop may have moved O'Flanagan to Cliffoney because of the display of socialism. O'Flanagan was elected to the Standing Committee for two years after the Keating Branch took control of the Gaelic League. A recently discovered photograph shows O'Flanagan in a large group, many of whom were advanced nationalists at a meeting of the Gaelic League outside Galway Town Hall in August 1913. O'Flanagan tried to popularise the Sinn Féin party. He wrote a letter to the head of the National Museum in Dublin, hoping to encourage him to join Sinn Féin.It will need a lot of criticism. I wanted to get money in as quickly as possible so that we could get on with the work. Someone who has studied organisation methods would be needed to consider it carefully before adoption. If the Sinn Féin organisation is pressed from headquarters, it will spread through the country. Get the Sinn Féin Executive to send out copies of the rules to the local committees. The Irish Alliance will not be needed if Sinn Féin spreads quickly. In 1914 O'Flanagan was invited back to Rome to give a series of lectures, and he spent six weeks preaching in San Silvestro's.He received a medal from the pope at the end of his course. While preparing to leave Rome, O'Flanagan was told that he was to be removed from Roscommon and taken to County Sligo. O'Flanagan was transferred to a small village in the parish of Ahamlish in north county Sligo in July 1914. He was told by the bishop to help the ailing priest, help the lace industry, and look for a building for a village hall. After renting a Lodge in Mullaghmore, he moved to a cottage in Cliffoney. He was against recruitment in the British army. The front pew of the church was often occupied by the RIC from the barracks next to it.The company of the Irish Volunteers in the Cliffoney area was re-organised after the split with Redmond's National Volunteers. Father <mask>'Flanagan, a great Irishman and strong supporter of the Republican movement, was a Catholic Curate at that time. He encouraged the young men of the parish to join the Irish Volunteers. Forty men joined the company. The British army forced young Irishmen into service. O'Flanagan demanded a fair distribution of turbary rights and condemned the export of food from the area. He contrasted Irish opinion-makers' outrage against Germany's treatment of Belgium with their indifference to England's treatment of Ireland.The villagers of Cloonerco were denied access to the local bogs by the Congested Districts Board. On the day O'Donovan Rossa died in New York, he took action after a long and frustrating correspondence with the CDB. The Cloonerco Bog Fight was an incident in 1915 in which 200 of O'Flanagan's parishioners went to Cloonerco to cut turf. O'Flanagan stepped forward and began cutting after the RIC officers threatened to arrest anyone who cut turf. Despite police interference and an injunction being served on six turf-cutters, a large amount of turf was distributed. The turf was outside. Opposite the R.I.C barracks is O'Flanagan Hall.The stack had a tricolour draped over it and a banner with O'Flanagan's name on it. The locals in Cliffoney were granted access to the bogs in the summer of 1915. The villagers of Cliffoney had no church hall or communal gathering place, and meetings were held on the main street at the crossroads, outside the R.I.C barracks at Speaker's Corner. A new national school was opened after O'Flanagan's arrival. The owner of the old school was asked to give the building to the villagers. The building was built in 1824 by Lord Palmerston. The Father O'Flanagan Hall became the home of the Cliffoney Sinn Féin club after the villagers named their new hall.A large stack of turf, draped with a tricolour, was built outside the hall during the Cloonerco Bog protest. The Cliffoney Volunteers held dances, concerts and plays in the Father O'Flanagan Hall. The Moneygold ambush took place a few days before it was burned by the Auxiliaries. At the request of Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa, O'Flanagan was invited to speak at her husband's funeral. During his travels in America, O'Flanagan visited the O'Donovan Rossa family. O'Flanagan posed for a picture with Mary Jane and Eileen O'Donovan Rossa and Tom Clarke, the man who organised the Easter Rising. O'Flanagan spoke to a group of Irish Volunteers and nationalists at the reception of O'Donovan Rossa's remains in Dublin City Hall.Countess Markievicz was so moved by his speech that she began to consider converting to Catholicism. Patrick Pearse made his famous speech after O'Flanagan and the O'Donovan Rossa family went to Glasnevin Cemetery. O'Flanagan attended a "tillage meeting" in the court house. The meeting was chaired by Canon Doorley, who was the bishop of Elphin. To support the war effort, a campaign was under way. T. W. Russell was the Minister of Agriculture. O'Flanagan said that Russell's motion should be rejected without radical land reform.He said that Irish people should stay out of the war and that they should raise enough crops to feed the native people. His motion was ignored. After his speech was reported in the local papers, the RIC visited Bishop Coyne at his residence in St. Mary's. O'Flanagan was transferred to Crossna after the Sligo meeting. The "Cliffoney Rebellion" began when the people of Cliffoney locked the church after he was removed. The door of the church was nailed shut and the key of the sacristy was taken on the morning of 17 October. C. McHugh was turned away.Each evening, the villagers began kneeling outside the church door to say the prayer for O'Flanagan. The Bishop was absent and they had to interview him. They sent a petition to the Pope, but nothing came of it. The rebellion continued through the autumn of 1915 because the Bishop refused to back down. The church was opened after ten weeks after O'Flanagan appealed to the villagers to open the church for Christmas. On Christmas Eve 1915, the door was unlocked. O'Flanagan gave a lecture entitled "God Save Ireland" to a packed audience in St. Mary's Hall, Belfast at a commemoration for the Manchester Martyrs.He spoke at an anti-conscription meeting chaired by MacCurtin and policed by MacSwiney, who would die in 1920. The national press reported on O'Flanagan's fiery speech. After returning to Crossna, he was reprimanded by the Bishop, who sent O'Flanagan a letter stating: "I regret that I find it necessary - in the interests of religion, ecclesiastical discipline and good order - to withdraw from you as I do hereby and until." The letter was signed by Bernard Coyne. He was invited to speak at a gathering of the Volunteers in Dundalk, but declined, sending a copy of the Bishop's letter to illustrate his problem. O'Flanagan presided over meetings at Ringsend and Donnybrook in Dublin on April 6, 1916, despite the Bishop's orders. The meetings protested against the deportation of Ernest and Liam.Some 100 recruits

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texts: were signed up for the Irish Volunteers as a result of the speakers. The summer of 1916 was when O'Flanagan was in North Roscommon. He became friends with Patrick Moran while living in Crossna. O'Flanagan transferred sixteen rifles from Dublin to Carrick-on-Shannon when a company of Volunteers was formed. He wrote and published many articles in the papers and journals, and outraged nationalists with a letter in June 1916 where he considered the implications of David Lloyd George's proposal to implement the 1914 Home Rule Act outside the six counties. Despite being ridiculed by fellow nationalists, who threw this letter back at O'Flanagan many times, another Vice- President of Sinn Féin came to the same conclusion in 1998. "Invitations poured in upon me from all over Ireland, I was in great demand as a speaker at events and meetings."I was tired of trying to explain how the Bishop had forbidden me and why I continued to act in defiance. He was surprised by the events of Easter Week, when many of his friends from the Irish Volunteers and the Gaelic League launched an armed insurrection in Dublin. He was invited to Athenry to review a parade of Volunteers on April 23, 1916. He stayed in Crossna because he didn't feel he could make the journey without drawing the Bishop's censure. Tom and Padraig Pearse were photographed with O'Flanagan at the O'Donovan Rossa funeral, where he was friends with many of the Easter Rising leaders. Fr. The drift into political normality would be unstoppable unless something was done immediately to exploit the inspiration of the men of Easter Week and the abhorrence of the executions.In a letter to Alice Stopford Green dated 30 July 1916, containing signatures collected for the petition to reprieve Sir Roger Casement, O'Flanagan expressed his admiration for the men of Easter Week. The Government that ordered the execution of the men in Dublin are guilty of a great crime. James O'Kelly, an old fenian member of the Irish Parliamentary Party, died in 1916 and his seat became vacant. O'Flanagan was forbidden to leave North Roscommon and was able to take advantage of the situation. O'Flanagan proposed Count George Noble Plunkett, father of the executed 1916 leader, as a candidate, and they wrote to the Count. In view of the present political unrest in part of the country, and to prevent any misunderstanding in the future, I would like to call your attention to the following statute. 379)The Bishop's letter states that if you don't comply with the terms of the statutes, you will be suspended and deprived of the ordinary faculties of the diocese. I am B. Coyne. As events unfolded, O'Flanagan was busy coordinating the campaign. He wrote to John Silke, asking him to send money to him so that he could deposit it with the sheriff. It must be deposited with the sheriff by 2 o'clock on Friday. On January 27th, O'Flanagan sent a letter-card to both Oxford and Dublin, asking them to come to Boyle by the train that leaves Broadstone.Indicating the importance of the Catholic church in elections, he says that they are planning to hold meetings at some 25 churches the following day. The campaign became known as the Election of the Snows because of the adverse weather conditions which caused snowdrifts of up to ten feet high. The campaign for the Count was run by O'Flanagan, who was forbidden to speak outside the boundaries of the parish, but he was at the forefront of it. The count arrived two days before the election. O'Flanagan was joined by another native of Derry, Seamus O'Doherty, who became director of elections for the Count. They were joined by workers from Dublin and other parts, such as <mask>, Arthur Griffith, Larry Nugent,Rory O'Connor, Darrell Figgis, William O'Brien, Kevin O'Shiel, Joseph McGrath and Count Plunkett's daughter. The Irish Times said after the election, "For twelve days and nights he was up and down the constituency, talking to people at every village and street corner and crossroads where he could get people to listen to him."The winner was Count Plunkett, who took the seat by a large majority. After being "chaired" from the courthouse to a celebration, Count Plunkett surprised his audience by announcing he wouldn't be going to parliament. In the aftermath of the North Roscommon election victory, Count Plunkett chaired a convention of advanced nationalists at the Mansion House in Dublin. There were disagreements as to who should be in charge of the movement and who should not. Count Plunkett wanted to establish branches of his Liberty Clubs throughout the country, while others felt they should continue to use the name and organisation of Sinn Féin. It seemed like a split was imminent. Fr.O'Flanagan could be used to prevent a split between the two groups. Later that evening, O'Flanagan had to break up a row between <mask> and Arthur Griffith at a post convention gathering at Count Plunkett's residence. The committee was made up of members from both the republican and Labour movements. The women of Ireland were proposed to represent by O'Flanagan. The group became known as the Mansion House Committee. The Church and State kept notes of O'Flanagan's speeches and movements. The Mansion House Committee met five times.They were supposed to plan the upcoming by-elections and organize a deputation to plead Ireland's case at the Paris Peace Conference at the end of the war. They rejected any contact with Lloyd George's proposed Irish Convention. A number of prisoners were co-opted onto an expanded committee as they were released over the summer of 1916. In May 1917, republican prisoner Joseph McGuinness was put forward for a by-election in South Longford. The leader of the prisoners, amon de Valera, was wary of constitutional politics and didn't want to contest. The slogan was "put him in to get him out". O'Flanagan was not allowed to participate in the election campaign because of the Bishop's restrictions.He didn't think it was time to break the muzzle and stay away from Longford. After a recount, McGuinness won by a single vote. De Valera was successful because of the success in North Roscommon and South Longford. William T. Cosgrave was the winner of the by- election in Kilkenny. The man who was arrested for making a seditious speech died while being force-fed. His body lay in state for two days at City Hall after his funeral at the Pro-Cathedral. <mask> gave the graveside oration after 30,000 people marched to the cemetery.At the end of October 1917, the Easter Rising veterans and other supporting groups merged with the older organisation to form Sinn Féin. Despite expectations of a split, Arthur Griffith and Count Plunkett stepped aside allowing de Valera to become president, with Griffith and O'Flanagan elected vice-presidents for a three-year term. Long-term friends of Griffith in Sinn Féin, such as Tom Kelly, Robert Brennan and Jennie Wyse Power, remained the party's directors of elections, but this responsibility was taken on more by newcomers. In the absence of a chief whip, O'Flanagan was the party's chief organiser. O'Flanagan was an effective party manager. On the same day the Irish Convention published their report, the British Government decided to impose compulsory military service on Ireland. The Catholic church leaders and the Irish Party came together in a massive anti-conscription protest campaign after the backlash.When the Military Service Act was passed in the House of Commons on 16 April 1918, John Dillon led the IPP members out in protest and they returned to Ireland to join the campaign. At the start of the war, O'Flanagan protested against compulsory military service. He spoke at the conclusion of the monster rally in Ballaghadereen, where John Dillon and Eamon de Valera shared a platform for the first time. When old letters belonging to Sir Roger Casement were resurrected and used as flimsy propaganda, Lord French's German Plot was set in motion. Sixty-nine Sinn Féin leaders were arrested and imprisoned by Crown forces or went on the run if <mask> had tipped them off. O'Flanagan was left as the acting-president of the party because he was a priest. Sinn Féin did not win any by-elections in early 1918.There was a by-election on 20 June 1918. With most of the leading Sinn Féin members in prison as a result of the German Plot, seasoned campaigners were in short supply. O'Flanagan was approached by Andy Lavin and asked to canvas for a client. He broke the Bishop's "muzzle" and delivered a speech to 10,000 people. "Father O'Flanagan's Suppressed Speech" was printed and distributed by Sinn Féin. It was reported from Ballyjamesduff that a victim of paralysis has been visited by O'Flanagan a few days after receiving the news. Sinn Féin could not lose.O'Flanagan was happy to see his fellow Vice-president win. O'Flanagan was suspended from his clerical duties because of his appearance in Ballyjamesduff. Father O'Flanagan has been treated more harshly by his own Bishop than the other Sinn Féin leaders have been. The people of Crossna locked the church after learning of his suspension. Newspapers covered the Crossna Rebellion. The Bishop's actions were censured by the villagers in a strongly worded remonstrance. The Bishop refused to negotiate or restore O'Flanagan.O'Flanagan requested that the church be opened after three weeks. The Freedom of Sligo was awarded to O'Flanagan in recognition of his contribution to the nationalist cause. He spoke to a huge crowd on the steps of the town hall. According to the RIC, there were at least 2,000 people in attendance. After his suspension, O'Flanagan moved to Dublin to work for Sinn Féin. A group of supporters in Crossna raised a subscription called the Father O'Flanagan Fund which was advertised in the national and regional newspapers. The Sinn Féin Ard Feis took place in the Mansion House.The meeting was chaired by O'Flanagan and he gave the main address. The first general election since 1910 was called after the war ended. Sinn Féin convened again on 11 November to launch their General Election campaign. O'Flanagan was one of the most popular public speakers for Sinn Féin. There are many accounts of his speeches in the Bureau of Military History witness statements. He was accompanied by members of the Irish Volunteers. Many people died from the flu in Ireland during the campaign.The 1918 election allowed women and younger men to vote for the first time. At Ballaghadereen, O'Flanagan spoke about the sacrifice of the men of 1916 and criticized the leadership of the Irish Party. When the polling took place in December, Sinn Féin swept the boards, decimating the Irish Parliamentary party by taking 73 of the 105 seats available. The people have voted for Sinn Féin, said O'Flanagan at the end of the 1918 election. We have to explain to them what Sinn Féin is. The Sinn Féin candidates who were elected to the First Dil proclaimed an Irish Republic with Dil ireann as its parliament. The inauguration of the First Dil took place in Dublin.The majority of the 103 members who returned in the 1918 election were not present, some by choice, others through force of circumstance. They traveled to England to help de Valera's escape from Lincoln prison. The First Dil had an appointment with O'Flanagan. He was invited to open the proceedings with a prayer after being introduced as "the Staunchest Priest who ever lived in Ireland" by the chairman. He read a prayer from the holy spirit in both Irish and English. The opening of the First Dil happened at the same time as the War of Independence began. In early April, O'Flanagan attended a meeting of the Dil, attended by a larger number of people.The event was printed as a poster and postcard after being photographed for publicity. The Irish American delegation went to Dublin on their return from the Paris Peace Conference. The delegates posed for a picture with senior members of Sinn Féin. A group of people are standing on the steps of the Mansion House. O'Flanagan was restored to his full status as a priest on 19 May 1919. He was sent to work in Roscommon Town. He was responsible for propaganda and agriculture in County Roscommon as a member of the Dil's Land Executive.An illustration in the National Library of Ireland shows him at the Dil on June 21, 1919. In the late 1920s, violence and reprisals continued throughout the country. On 11 October, Fr. O'Flanagan was arrested on his way to the meeting of the asylum committee, but was released after a few hours. Two members of the Auxiliaries and two RIC officers raided O'Flanagan's rooms in Roscommon on Friday 22 October. They took books, papers, and his typewriter, chopped up a suitcase of vestments, and stole a $5 note. The incident is recounted in the witness statement of a R.I.C. cop.A record of the raid was left by O'Flanagan's secretary. The Moneygold ambush took place three nights later. The local Volunteers, many of whom were friends of O'Flanagan, attacked a nine-man RIC patrol from Cliffoney barracks and shot four dead including the sergeant, close to Ahamlish graveyard. A company of auxiliaries based at Coolavin came to north Sligo for reprisals after a raid on the area at the end of October. Grange Temperance Hall and Ballintrillick Creamery were burned down. Father <mask>'Flanagan's Sinn Féin hall was burned in reprisal. The walls of the old building were painted with a message for local republicans.O'Flanagan hid his papers in the laundry room at the convent on the day of Kevin Barry's execution. Nineteen people, including thirteen members of the Crown forces, sixteen civilians and three republican prisoners, were killed on 21 November. While de Valera was in the United States, Lloyd George O'Flanagan was acting-president of Sinn Féin. O'Flanagan began a public dialogue through the medium of telegrams and newspapers after Prime Minister Lloyd George made comments about peace in the press. "You state that you are willing to make peace at once without waiting for Christmas," the first message said. Ireland is also waiting. What is the first step you want to take?His colleagues in Sinn Féin were surprised by his moves and distanced themselves from his comments. His critics, including <mask>, were not impressed. Collins made certain that the press was informed that O'Flanagan had acted alone, writing in disgust, "We must not allow ourselves to be rushed by these foolish productions or foolish people, who are tumbling over themselves to talk about a truce, when there is no truce." Lloyd George sent Clune to negotiate terms of a truce and Collins and Griffith had been holding meetings with him. Lloyd George changed the terms of his deal with Clune to include a surrender of weapons after taking O'Flanagan's messages as a sign of disunity among the leaders of Sinn Féin. A later comment by O'Flanagan suggests that his cable was a deliberate attempt to sabotage Clune's efforts, which he held to be too much influenced by Dublin Castle. After de Valera's return from America, he continued his dialogue

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Michael Collins
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texts: with the British Prime Minister.The day the Government of Ireland Act was passed, De Valera returned to Ireland. The Dil had to be prepared for this eventuality by having as strong a relationship with the church as possible, because de Valera anticipated that the British government would soon attempt to resolve the Irish situation through placing an emphasis on church diplomatic channels. Fr. was dissuaded by de Valera for this reason. O'Flanagan censured him rather than expelling him from Sinn Féin because he bypassed the authority of the Dil. In early January, De Valera used O'Flanagan to hold informal talks with Lloyd George, and they discovered that the British were prepared to grant the status of "Dominion" for Southern Ireland. In January of 1921, O'Flanagan and judge James O'Connor met informally in London with Sir Edward Carson to discuss a peaceful solution to the conflict. O'Flanagan's meetings and movements were recorded by the RIC.His importance as a peacemaker at this point was recognised by Lloyd George, who suggested confidential meetings between de Valera, O'Flanagan, O'Connor, O'Connor, Carson and Craig, followed by a meeting between the Prime Minister and Bona. The options were not taken up by De Valera. The last six months of the War of Independence were the most violent. O'Flanagan's friend, Patrick Moran from Crossna, was executed in Mountjoy Jail on March 14, 1921. General elections for two separate 'devolved' parliaments in Dublin and Belfast were the next challenge faced by the Sinn Féin party. At the end of October 1921, O'Flanagan was selected to travel to America as a Republican Envoy. He arrived in the United States in November after some issues with his passport and status.He was interviewed on his arrival in New York. When the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on December 6, 1921, O'Flanagan was touring the east coast giving lectures and getting plenty of newspaper coverage in his mission to help in raising the second external bond certificate loan of Dil ireann. Sinn Féin was divided on the Treaty by January 1922. The Treaty was strongly opposed by O'Flanagan and John J. O'Kelly. Cumann Leigheacht an Phobail in Dublin published an article by O'Flanagan titled "co-operation" in 1922. The economic and human value of co-operative societies is discussed in the article. When O'Flanagan and O'Kelly arrived in Australia, they met the archbishop.O'Flanagan's teachers in Maynooth were sympathetic to their mission and the Archbishop was one of them. They were jailed for several weeks in "Botany Bay" after being arrested for making seditious speeches. They made their way back to the United States after being sent to France. O'Flanagan was re-elected as one of four Vice Presidents of Sinn Féin and as one of the nine members of the Officer Board at the Ard-Feis in early November 1924. O'Flanagan returned to Ireland from the United States on February 21, 1925, to help the third incarnation of Sinn Féin contest a number of by-elections. The third Sinn Féin was a coalition of different elements, and while it no longer included any non-republicans, it remained an uneasy combination of extremists and moderates. In the August 1923 general election, Sinn Féin won 44 seats, but did not take their seats in the Dil.After the Civil War, the country was governed by the Free State with the support of the Catholic church. He was very critical of interference and control over temporal affairs in the Catholic church. O'Flanagan heaped abuse on Ireland's bishops for their extreme political partisanship. Attempts to turn churches into political meeting places by making stupid, ill-informed political speeches from the altar were denounced by him. The republicans were being harassed from the pulpits and the Sacraments were being used as a weapon. He began to consider other options after becoming dissatisfied with Sinn Féin's abstention policy. In a secret visit to Rome, de Valera worked out a way to get around the Oath.O'Flanagan was suspended from clerical duties in April because of his outspoken nationalist activities and the anti-clerical speeches he had made in America and for delivering "dis-edifying harangues to excited mobs." Some members of Sinn Féin were alarmed by his views on the Catholic church. Between June and December 1925, he wrote a series of articles on social issues in the republican journal An Phoblacht. In September, Fr. The RUC arrested <mask>'Flanagan and Eamonn Donnelly at a concert near Lurgan on September 26. They were put on a train for Dublin the next day. An extraordinary Ard-Fheis was summoned by de Valera.Sinn Féin members should be allowed to enter the Free State Oireachtas if the Oath of Allegiance is removed. He was prepared to take the risks and go after the people. The rumour that a number of Irregulars are in favor of entering the Dil had been circulating since January. The counter motion tabled by O'Flanagan states that it is incompatible with the fundamental principles of Sinn Féin as it is injurious to the honour of Ireland to send representatives into any legislature set up by English law. The majority of the more talented members of Sinn Féin followed De Valera, leaving behind the rump Sean Lemass. Bishop Coyne died of a seizure in July of 1926 and was replaced by Dr. Edward Doorly. The ban on O'Flanagan's ministry was lifted when his father died.He was allowed to celebrate the funeral mass. Fr. Bishop Doorly was away in Rome. O'Flanagan did not celebrate mass in public and was never promoted within the hierarchy. The "galaxy of cranks" in Sinn Féin was reduced. He began to focus on his inventions and historical research after this time. Sinn Féin was defeated at the June 1927 election by De Valera's new party.With hindsight, it was obvious that de Valera had designed the split to fit his needs. Though he expressed some Marxist sentiment, O'Flanagan never joined any left-wing group. O'Flanagan traveled to the United States for a number of months each year, giving lectures on his historical work and the Irish political situation, even though he had no clerical income. Ireland Today, Political and Economic; Irish Literature, Gaelic and English; Ireland's Ancient Leadership in Europe were some of the advertising lectures he produced. There are slides. A lecture he gave at Tara Halls in New York, Thursday evening, 30 June 1927 titled "Church and Politics" was printed as a pamphlet and sold. A number of inventions were filed by O'Flanagan over the years.He had a lot of experience with long-distance ocean voyages and applied for a patent for a gyroscopic travel bed in 1923. He patented his design for a wall insulation product in 1936. While living in Mullaghmore, O'Flanagan used to swim nightly in the open-water. His most famous invention, a set of protective swimming goggles known as Suil and Ron, or the Seal's Eye, was patented twice. By the late 1920s, when he had no income from the Church, he was selling his goggles by mail order from his home in Bray, County Wicklow, advertising them in the Catholic Bulletin and on his lecture tours in the USA. The Father O'Flanagan Patent Goggles were the first real replacement for motorcycle goggles. They were popular for long distance swimmers such as the International Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame Honor Swimmer.In November 1942, four months after his death, O'Flanagan was awarded a prize for his goggles at an exhibition of scientific inventions held in the Mansion House in Dublin. The letters O'Flanagan were immersed in academic work. The project of editing the many hand-written volumes of letters by John O'Donovan and other collectors was a project of huge scope. Members of the Gaelic League were concerned that the papers might be destroyed, so they tried to make copies under the cover of the Irish Topographical Society. O'Flanagan made multiple copies for each county by editing the handwritten letters into typed transcripts. O'Flanagan's name appears in the notes of countless papers as the editor of the Ordnance Survey, and these records are still being used by Irish archaeologists. In his 1927 lecture, Church and Politics, O'Flanagan describes how he funded the massive undertaking using a donation from supporters in America, and mentions the vast amounts of documents destroyed in the Four Courts bombardments.The first part used to hire a person who would work on the letters for two years. There are copies in the National Library of Ireland, University College, Dublin and the Public Library of Belfast, as well as in the Public Library in New York. In the 1930s he was commissioned by the government to write a series of county histories in the Irish language for use in National schools, five of the ten parts were published in his lifetime. President of Sinn Féin O'Flanagan held that position until 1935. In protest at O'Flanagan's presidency, Brian O'Higgins resigned from the party. At the annual Sinn Féin Ard-Fheis on 14 October 1934, O'Flanagan gave a speech titled "The Strength of Sinn Féin," where he traced the evolution of the party through several incarnations and splits from his unique perspective. The Moore's Bridge memorial in Kildare was unveiled in 1935 by O'Flanagan, who was an active member of the National Graves Association.Sinn Féin lacked vision and energy in the 1930s. O'Flanagan chaired the 1935 rd Fhéis of Sinn Féin after a recent illness. He stated that Sinn Féin would have competed in the by-election if they had a candidate of personality. Count Plunkett and Tom Maguire had refused to be asked. Father O'Flanagan said on the Sunday that the threat of Italy breaking Britain's hold on the Mediterranean was behind the war in Abyssinia. O'Flanagan was kicked out of the Sinn Féin party after 26 years of membership. O'Flanagan was dismissed from the party because he took part in a radio re-enactment of the opening of the First Dil.When the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, O'Flanagan was one of the only Irish Catholic priests and one of the only members of Sinn Féin to defend the legitimacy of the Spanish Republic. While de Valera and the Irish Government retained a policy of neutrality and non-intervention, the Irish Catholic Bishops were almost violently pro-Franco and sanctioned church gate collections to raise money for the national cause. The leader of the Blueshirts, a former Free State chief of police, took 800 men with him to fight for the national cause. The Connolly Column was where some sixty Irish socialists and republicans led by Frank Ryan went to fight. O'Flanagan was involved in the campaign against Franco. On 3 December 1936 he chaired a meeting in the engineers hall in Dublin, where George Gilmore, Hannah Sheehy-Skeffington and Frank Ryan presented alternate views to the raging pro-Franco propaganda. On 17 January 1937, O'Flanagan and Fr. were together.The meeting was held in the Gaiety Theatre. He spent a month lecturing and raising funds for the republican cause and collected donations for food, clothing and medical supplies. Irish Catholics in America were pro-Franco, who was seen as opposing Communism, and O'Flanagan's month-long visit was opposed by many members of the North American hierarchy, who questioned his credentials and warned people not to be taken in or to contribute funds. The Irish Foodship for Spain was chaired by O'Flanagan. On the second anniversary of the beginning of the Spanish conflict, O'Flanagan was invited to America again as a keynote speaker at a huge rally, held in Madison Square Garden, organised by the Confederated Spanish Societies to Aid Spain. The fury of the North American hierarchy was aroused by the content of his speech. The International brigades were sent home in September of 1938.Forty-four members of the Connolly Column died in combat, while their leader Frank Ryan was in prison. On December 10, 1938, the last members of the Connolly Column were welcomed home by O'Flanagan at Abbey Street. The men who died in Spain were remembered at a meeting in Dublin after speeches by Terry O'Flanagan and Jim Prendergast. At the end of December, O'Flanagan traveled to Spain, where he spoke at meetings in Barcelona and Madrid, and met with representatives of the Republican government. The Bishop of Elphin, Dr. Edward Doorly, restored O'Flanagan's full clerical faculties on 3 April 1939, after much lobbying by his friends and supporters. The Convalescent Home of the Sisters of Charity in Kilternan was one of the places he worked as a priest. He said that he was thinking about where the Catholic Church had failed recently.The whole of Christ's teaching has been omitted. Christ is overshadowed by his mother when we are introduced to him. You don't hear much about Him until his death. I don't know what kind of biography I would write if I were to write a biography of a mere man, his birth and then his death. After a short illness in the nursing home at 7 Mount Street Crescent, Dublin, O'Flanagan died of stomach cancer at 4.30 pm on Friday 7 August 1942, within a few days of his sixty-sixth birthday. On August 2, 1942, he wrote a letter to Bernie that said "Good bye to you and to dear dear Cliffoney." I have a special love for the people in my heart.The people who prayed for me in front of the church door will be waiting for me in heaven. Fr. The man is <mask>'Flanagan. Sean Fitzpatrick organised O'Flanagan's state funeral. He was laid to rest in the Round Room of City Hall, where he made his speech at O'Donovan Rossa's funeral in 1915. His remains were guarded by veterans of the War of Independence and 21,000 people came to pay their respects. The oration was published by the National Aid Committee in Dublin in 1942.The pamphlet is titled " Fr. Sceilg's Graveside Oration, August 10, 1942, has become a collector item. The Republican Plot in Glasnevin Cemetery is where O'Flanagan is buried. The porch was adorned with a Latin cross and the date 1943. Sean O'Casey wrote in his memoir that O'Flanagan was a brilliant speaker and a priest who was spoiled by too many good qualities. The Irish Democrat published a booklet titled "<mask> O'Flanagan: Republican Priest" in 1954. There was a plaque with a priest.The Catholic church allowed O'Flanagan's name to be used. Pat O'Flanagan, a grand-nephew of O'Flanagan, and Thomas Hargadon, the last living member of the 1942 memorial committee attended the unveil. The 50th anniversary of his death was marked by the placement of a memorial on his grave. The National Graves Association held a memorial commemoration at O'Flanagan's grave. A new Celtic cross headstone was unveiled after an oration. External links are mentioned. The official website of Father <mask>'Flanagan is www.frmichaeloflanagan.com.The story of his life is told in extracts from his speeches. The Republican Priest was the President of Sinn Féin from 1933 to 35. Fr. <mask>'Flanagan is a priest. A documentary by Marcus Howard. Irish Christian socialists, 20th-century Irish Roman Catholic priests, and Sinn Féin people died from stomach

masks:
Michael O
Michael O
Father Michael
Michael O
Michael O


texts: There is a Polish-German former professional boxer who competed from 1991 to 2005. Between 1994 and 2003 he held multiple world titles in two weight classes, the lineal light-heavyweight title and the WBO junior-heavyweight title. BoxRec has ranked him as the greatest pound for pound boxer of all time. As a boy, Poland's state-run sports program led to a successful amateur career for him. He achieved an amateur record. He won the European Junior Semi-Finalist in the middleweight division, but lost to Ray Close in the German National Championship. He was signed by Universum Box-Promotion, one of the leading boxing promoter in Europe, after becoming a citizen of Germany in 1991.His aggressive style earned him the nickname "Tiger". In September 1991 <mask> became a professional. On 13 February 1993, he won the German International light-heavyweight title. On May 22, 1993, he won the IBF Intercontinental title. On 10 September 1994, the two-weight world champion, at 23-0 (18KOs), captured the WBO light-heavyweight title with a 12-round decision over the defending champion, Leeonzer Barber. During that time, he made 23 successful defenses of his WBO title against 20 different boxers, and picked up three other belts along the way. He won the WBO cruiserweight title three months after beating Barber.He gave up the title to continue campaigning as a light-weight. In 1996, Universum Box-Promotion's conditioning coach, Fritz Sdunek, became the head coach and replaced Chuck Talhami as the trainer, which resulted in a marked improvement in <mask>'s performances. On 13 June 1997, Hill defeated Hill over 12 rounds to add his titles to his own. The WBO stripped him of his belt for displaying it along with the alphabet titles. He was forced to give up the IBF title when he couldn't defend it in a court-ordered defense against William Guthrie within a month after the fight with Hill. In defense of his Lineal/WBO titles, he knocked out 14 opponents in a row. In 1998, he defeated Drake Thadzi, in 1999, he defeated Montel Griffin, and in 2000 he defeated Graciano Rocchigiani.Going for a perfect record was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 He was just one victory away from tying the record of 49 wins with no losses. Joe Louis had an all-time record for successful defenses at any weight class. The 35-year-old was unable to beat Michael Spinks, as he was unable to beat Larry Holmes. His career record dropped to 48-1 after he lost a split decision to Gonzalez. He still holds the record for the most successful world title defenses at light-heavyweight. In October 2004, it was announced that the final fight would be between France's Fabrice Tiozzo and Poland's Michalczewski.He retired in May 2005 after being stopped in six rounds. In May 2008, the Polish boxer was to come out of retirement to fight Ottke in Germany, but the bout never materialized. Tiger Energy Drink is named after a famous boxer. The cans and bottles have his picture and text on them. Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch is a band formed by Marky Mark and his friends. In 1995, Marky Mark released a track called "No mercy" about his friend, <mask>, who also appeared in a video clip shot by Frank Papenbroock. There is a solo effort by Marky Mark on the track "No Mercy", which is in the album The Remix Album by Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark.A documentary was made in 2006 by P.M.Starost. The 60-minute documentary entitled "Tiger" won the award for the best documentary at the film festival. The foundation "Rwne Szanse" was established in 2003 to support initiatives for youth from troubled families. He supports the social campaign for civil union and the right for adoption by homosexual couples. List of world champion boxers List of world champion boxers List of world champion boxers List of world champion boxers

masks: Michalczewski Michalczewski Dariusz


texts: The co- founder of the Sapinda Group is a German man. He was ranked in the Sunday Times Rich List in 2015, with his net worth reported to be over $300 million. He filed for bankruptcy in 2003 because of the Dot-com bubble. Windhorst co-founded the group. The group's parent company was founded in 2009. The Non-Executive Chairman is Windhorst. Windhorst was seriously injured in a plane crash in December of 2007.One of the pilots died when the Bombardier Challenger 604 hit a wall and exploded after leaving the runway. <mask>, the son of a stationery store owner, turned his family's garage into a makeshift computer lab when he was 14. He used his classmates to help him build PCs, which he later sold in his father's shop. He established his first company while still in school. He was helped by his parents in administering its operations, such as by signing contracts on his behalf and driving him to work. Windhorst was one of the most successful young entrepreneurs in Germany. Being called the "Wunderkind" and Germany's Bill Gates, he was invited to join the former German Chancellor on a trip to Asia as part of the official government delegation.Windhorst was the youngest participant in the World Economic Forum and developed international business contacts. Windhorst founded his first company with a Chinese businessman. The import and trade of electronic components and computer parts from Asia as well as the sale of IT products throughout Germany and Europe was the initial focus of Windhorst Electronics. A year after the company was founded, it had a turnover of £80 million. Windhorst moved to Hong Kong in 1995 to start a holding company for the business operations of the group in Asia. The Windhorst Group was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The company had offices in Europe and Asia.Windhorst New Technologies AG was founded in 2000 with a focus on investments in the internet and new technologies sectors. Windhorst New Technologies AG was going to be listed on the stock exchange. The group had to file for bankruptcy in 2003 because of the economic crisis. In 2004, Windhorst co-founding the investment group, which coordinates financing with Anoa Capital, to provide funding to public, private and start-up companies. Over the course of five years, investments were processed to the value of more than 2 billion. The Group and its German company lost a lot of money during the global financial crisis. As a result of the global financial crisis in 2008, the company started restructuring talks and in January of 2009, the partners had to file for bankruptcy for the German subsidiary.The new parent company for the group was founded in Amsterdam in 2009, after all business activities were restructured. A team of more than 80 employees is employed by the Group, which has offices in several countries. In both public and private companies, investments in agriculture and food processing are combined with mining/raw materials, oil and gas extraction and production. It has stakes in the media, technology and real estate sectors. The brand La Perla was acquired in February. According to a German news magazine, Amatheon Agri was set up by a group of people to give exposure to the African agricultural sector. According to Windhorst, the business organised investments amounting to around  3.5 billion between 2009 and 2012 and included loans for companies like Air Berlin and Infineon.The advisory board is managed by a man who is also the Chairman of a Swiss corporation. In May, the group changed its name to Tennor. In the summer of 2007, Windhorst filed for personal bankruptcy. According to an article in German news magazine Focus from 3 September 2007, the lawsuit against him was rejected by the German Federal Court of Justice in August, meaning his debts were cleared. Windhorst was charged with fraud, breach of trust, and several counts of insolvency in Berlin in 2009. 800,000 of Windhorst's personal funds were transferred into one of his alternative accounts. After a plea-bargain, prosecutors agreed to drop the fraud charges if he paid a fine, repaid his alleged victim and admitted a breach of trust offence.The amount was paid back after these charges were discontinued. Alki Partners, an American hedge fund, filed papers in a Manhattan court in 2010 accusing Windhorst and others of taking part in a "fraudulent scheme" to manipulate the share price of a US company. Later that year, the complaint was dismissed. The Council of Trustees of the Serpentine Gallery in London is chaired by Philanthropy Windhorst. The C/O-Gallery in Berlin is a private museum that sells photographic-art. There were documents and objects involved in the 1995 Reichstag "wrapping" purchased by Windhorst. An exhibition of 400 original drawings and sketches of the wrapping was opened by the President of the Bundestag in November 2015.Windhorst was on the board of trustees of the Mentor Foundation from 2002 to 2012 and collaborated with the Ein Herz fr Kinder foundation. He bought stakes in Hertha BSC in June of 2019. He bought more shares of the club in 2020. The archive contains links to External links.


texts: A British-born naturalised American poet was born in 1923. She received the Lannan Literary Award for Poetry. The song 'What Were They Like?' was written by <mask>. There is a Conflict cluster in the English Literature poetry anthology, 'Towards a World Unknown.' Ilford, Essex was where <mask> was born and grew up. Her mother was from a small mining village in North Wales. During the First World War, her father was held under house arrest as an 'enemy alien' because he was a Russian Hasidic Jew.He converted to Christianity after moving to the UK. He was housed in Ilford because he thought he would want to preach in a Jewish area. His daughter wrote, "My father's Hasidic ancestry, his being steeped in Jewish and Christian scholarship and mysticism, his fervour and eloquence as a preacher, were factors built into my cells". He studied ballet, art, piano and French as well as standard subjects and showed an enthusiasm for writing from an early age. She didn't fully belong to any of the identities she grew up with, but wrote about it. She says that it gave her a sense of being special rather than being excluded: "I knew before I was ten that I was an artist-person and I had a destiny". She said that humanitarian politics came early in her life, including seeing her father on a soapbox protesting Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia, my father and sister both on soap-boxes protesting Britain's lack of support for Spain, and her mother canvasing long before those eventsShe said she would be a writer when she was five years old. She sent some of her poems at the age of 12 to T. S. Eliot, who replied with a letter of encouragement. She published her first poem when she was 17 years old. During the Second World War, <mask> was a nurse in London. Her first book was published six years later. Mitchell and she married in 1947 and moved to the United States the following year. Although they would eventually divorce in 1975, they did have a son together, and lived in New York City and Maine during the summer.She became an American citizen in 1955. Poems were written in traditional forms and language in the first two books. She began to come under the influence of the Black Mountain poets and William Carlos Williams as she accepted the US as her new home. Here and Now is her first American book of poetry. Her poem "With Eyes at the Back of our heads" established her reputation. In the 1960s and 70s, <mask> became more politically active in her life and work. She was the poetry editor for The Nation and was able to support and publish the work of feminist and other activist poets.The Vietnam War was an important focus of her poetry, which often tried to weave together the personal and political, as in her poem "The Sorrow Dance," which speaks of her sister's death. In response to the Vietnam War, <mask> joined the War Resisters League and signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge. The anti-war collective RESIST was founded by <mask>. The majority of <mask>'s life was spent in education. After moving to Massachusetts, he taught at a number of universities. She was a professor of English at the university and lived in Palo Alto. She befriended Robert Brown, a professor of religion.Murray Bodo was a spiritual advisor to her. She found notebooks of her parents in 1984 to resolve a personal and religious conflict. She moved to Seattle in 1989 to be near the view of her favorite mountain. She had a part-time teaching stint at the University of Washington and for 11 years held a full professorship at the university. She received a degree in 1984. D. from a college. She traveled for a year doing poetry readings in the US and Britain after retiring from teaching.She became involved in the protests of the US attack on Iraq after joining the Catholic Church. She retired from teaching. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She continued to lecture and participate in national conferences despite this. She experienced the death of a friend. The death of Levertov in December 1997 was due to lymphoma. She was buried in Seattle.Her papers are held at a university. The first full biography appeared in October of 2012 by Dana Greene. A Poet's Revolution: The Life of <mask> was published by the University of California Press. Both politics and war are themes in <mask>'s poetry. The Black Mountain Review published a book called "Levertov" in the 1950s, but it did not have any formal relations with the group. She began to develop her own style of poetry. She felt it was part of a poet's call to point out the injustice of the Vietnam War, and she read poetry at some rallies.Her 1971 book To Stay Alive was a collection of anti-Vietnam War letters, newscasts, diary entries, and conversations. The development of personal voice in mass culture is one of the themes in the book. She promotes community and group change through the imagination of the individual and emphasizes the power of individuals as advocates of change in her poetry. Personal experience is linked to justice and social reform. <mask>'s war poetry deals with suffering. The poems "Poetry, Prophecy, Survival," "Paradox and Equilibrium," and "Poetry and Peace: Some Broader dimensions" are about war, injustice, and prejudice. In her volume Life at War, she uses imagery to express the violence of the Vietnam War.She addresses violence and savagery, yet tries to bring grace into the equation, mixing the beauty of language and the ugliness of war. Her poems focus on the cost of war and the suffering of the people of Vietnam. She writes that violence is an outlet in her prose work. Her first book was Freeing of the Dust. The experience of the North Vietnamese and distrust of people are some of the themes of the book of poems. The United States pilots are attacked in her poems. She shows that violence has become an everyday occurrence in her war poems.After years of writing such poetry, <mask> came to the conclusion that beauty and poetry and politics can't go together. She was able to use her religious-themed poetry in the later part of her life. It was a major theme in her poetry when she began writing because she was influenced by her religion. She was exposed to both religions through her father. She believed that her culture had value to her and her writing. She believed that she and her sister had something to do with this. She fell under the influence of the Black Mountain Poets when she moved to the US.She was exposed to both the style of William Carlos Williams and the experimentation of Ezra Pound. The main influence on her religious writing was her conversion to Christianity in 1984. She became a Roman Catholic after moving to Seattle. In 1997, she brought together 38 poems from seven of her earlier volumes in The Stream & the Sapphire, a collection intended, as she explains in the foreword to the collection, to "trace my slow movement from agnosticism to Christian faith, a movement incorporating much doubt and questioning as well as affirmation Many poems were written with religious themes. The poems range from religious imagery to implied metaphors of religion. Throughout her poetry, a particular theme was developed.The spiritual journey of <mask> was towards the deep spiritual understanding and truth in her last poems. "A Tree telling of Orpheus" is one of her earlier poems. The metaphor of a tree changing and growing when it hears music is used in this poem. This is a metaphor for spiritual growth. The growth of the tree is like the growth of faith, and as the tree goes through life we also go through life on a spiritual journey. <mask>'s religious poetry was concerned with respect for nature and life. Her themes were nothingness and absence.Something is always missing in her earlier poems. In "Work that Enfaiths" she begins to confront her lack of burning surety in her faith. There is a religious aspect to this. There is no balance between faith and darkness. She goes back and forth between nature and God, but doubts always plague her. She searches for meaning in life in her religious poems. As he relates to nothing and everything, she explores God.A shift can be seen in her later poetry. The poems in A Door in the Hive and Evening Train use images of cliffs, edges, and borders to push for change in life. Again, she packs her poetry with metaphors. There can be peace in death. She suggests that nothing is a part of God. "Nothingness" and darkness are not just reasons to doubt and agonise over. "Mass" and "St. Thomas Didymus" are poems that lack wonder and worry.The poetry in Evening Train is very religious. She wrote about her experience with God. These poems are important for her. A mountain is a metaphor for life and God. Clouds cover a mountain that is still huge and massive. She says God is the same. We know He is there even when he is clouded.Her poems shift away from questioning religion to accepting it. "The Tide" is the final section of Evening Train and it talks about accepting faith and not knowing answers. The end of her "spiritual journey" was marked by this acceptance of the paradoxes of faith. Her conversion to Christianity took place in 1984. She began to use Christianity to link culture and community after writing a lot of metaphysical poetry. She writes about how the creator is defined by his creation. She writes about people and nature.In her last phase, she explores how a hostile social environment can be changed by Christian values. He wrote and published 24 books of poetry. Several anthologies were edited by her. She received a number of awards, including the Robert Frost Medal, the Lenore Marshall Prize, the Lannan Award, and a grant from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. The 2002 US volume of the same title is not confused with this one. Selected Poems was edited by Bloodaxe Books with help from Linda Anderson and Cynthia Fuller. It was published in the UK by Bloodaxe Books and there was no US edition.It had no introduction. The latter two are Selected Poems (NY: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2002) and New Selected Poems (UK: Bloodaxe Books, 2003). New Selected Poems was first published in the US by New Directions in 2002 under the title Selected Poems, and then in the UK by Bloodaxe Books in 2003 under the title New Selected Poems to avoid confusion with the previous UK edition called Selected Poems. The afterword was edited by Paul A. There is a book by Robert Creeley. It is the same book as New Directions' Selected Poems. The Poet in the World, Light Up the Cave and New & Selected Essays were written by New Directions Publishing Corporation.The letters were edited by Robert J. Bertholf and Albert Gelpi. The New York: Phoenix Book Shop, Paper, 1972 is the location of the Bibliography. Garland Publishing and the Garland Reference Library of the Humanities have collaborated on a book. Liana Sakelliou-Schultz was born in November 1988. Critical Essays on American Literature was edited by Linda Wagner-Martin. Charles Molesworth is from DeLand, FL. Twayne Publishers, Inc., Twayne's United States Authors Series 113, 1967, has a couple of people.In Her Own Province was edited by Linda W. Wagner. New Perspectives was edited by Anne Colclough Little and Susie Paul. Diana Surman Collecott was the author of "Denise Levertov Revisited" (Boston, MA: Macmillan Library Reference/Twayne Publishers, Inc., 30 July 1997). The University of Michigan Press, Paper, 1993 contains an introduction by Albert Gelpi. The Poetry of Engagement is a book by the author. The study of poets and poetry against the war was written by James F. Mersmann. A House of Good Proportion: Images of Women in Literature was published in 1973.The Oxford Companion to Women's Writing in the United States was published in 1995. In a Nuclear Age (Hanover, NH: New England Review and Bread Loaf Quarterly:Distributed by University Press of New England, 1984) was edited by Jim Schley. Dana Green is a Biography. The University of Illinois published A Poet's Life. The first biography of the author. A Poet's Revolution: The Life of <mask> was published by the University of California Press. The author's biography is more authoritative.Further reading Garrison. Profile and poems at the Academy of American Poets, as well as poems at the Poetry Foundation, can be found on the New Directions Publishing page.

masks:
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Denise Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Denise Levertov


texts: He was a Canadian bishop of the Catholic Church. He was the longest-serving Catholic bishop in Canada when he retired in 1999. He was the last living bishop to attend all sessions of the Second Vatican Council. He was notable for his advocacy of social justice. On February 24, 1924, <mask> was born. He was the second of eight or nine children, his sister became a nun and his younger brother became a priest. His first language was Flemish.When he was 15 years old, <mask> went to seminary. He was ordination to the Catholic priesthood on June 8, 1950. He obtained a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome in 1952. After his ordination, <mask> was assigned to be an assistant parish priest at Holy Cross Parish. He served as vice-chancellor of the Archdiocese of Saint Boniface and secretary to Maurice Baudoux before becoming diocesan director of Catholic Action. He became parish priest at Holy Cross in 1960 and became bishop in 1962. He was a priest in Saint Boniface for 12 years.The 13th Bishop of Victoria was appointed on October 29, 1962. James Michael Hill died in March of that year. He was consecrated bishop on December 14, 1962, at Saint Boniface Cathedral. He was installed in Victoria six days later. The first Bishop of Victoria was born in Western Canada, and he was the youngest Catholic bishop at the time. He was a critic of capitalism and a strong advocate of social action during his time as bishop. The 1983 Canadian bishops' statement "Ethical Reflections on the Economic Crisis" was the main force behind it.The document stated that the goal of serving the human needs of all people in our society must take precedence over the maximization of profits and growth. His address to a conference in the US calling for a dialogue about the former resulted in him being summoned to Rome in 1986 and reprimanded by Joseph Rat, and his decision to broach the latter subject during a lunch with Pope John Paul II in 1994 drew the ire of the pope. In the Eye of the Catholic Storm was written by <mask> and a former nun. The decision by Catholic newspapers in B.C. The fact that Toronto did not run ads promoting the book made national headlines. He was going to address an international convention of married Catholic priests in Atlanta at the time of his retirement. He backed out after the Vatican told him not to.The financial scandal left <mask>'s diocese nearly bankrupt. Despite being a critic of capitalism, he made a series of large investments in real estate and a horse-breeding ranch without complying with the requirements of the Vatican. The debt was $17 million when the ventures failed. The Vatican did not approve any of the transactions. Vatican approval is required for transactions over a million dollars. The apology was printed in the parish bulletin. He wrote an apology and begged for forgiveness.The bonds were issued to clear the debt. The land the diocese owned in Washington state was sold in November of 2006 It was possible to pay off its debts completely, including to the many people who had purchased bonds. The jury in the civil action decided that <mask> had actually made a sound investment. The last living bishop who had attended the council was <mask>, who attended all four sessions of Vatican II. He referred to himself as a "pilgrimage of the Second Vatican Council" after this experience. It was a time of euphoria when he attended the sessions, as he described them as a voyage of discovery that would change his whole outlook on reality.At a Call to Action conference in 2008, <mask> gave the keynote address, "Rebuild My Church - A Vatican Council Father shares an inspired vision". The mandatory retirement age for the Bishop of Victoria was 75 in February 1999. Pope John Paul II accepted his resignation less than a month later. At the time of his retirement, he was the longest serving Canadian bishop. He retired near to Nanaimo. He continued to give lectures and serve as a minister into his 90's. He co-authored a book on the subject in 2002.There was a death at the Mount St. Mary's nursing home in Victoria. He was 97 years old. He was the last survivor of the Second Vatican Council. References 1924 births and deaths of 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Canada.

masks:
De Roo
De Roo
De Roo
De Roo
De Roo
De Roo
De Roo
De Roo


texts: He was a Japanese author. Black Rain is his most notable work. Ibuse was born in 1898 to a landowning family in the village of, which is now part of Fukuyama, Hiroshima. Ibuse was admitted to Fukuyama Middle School after failing his entrance exam. The Fukuyama Middle School was linked to some of the best scholars in the world. Ibuse didn't care about Fukuyama's teachers boasting about the school's history. In The First Half of My Life, Ibuse said that the school emphasized Dutch learning and French military exercises.Ibuse went so far as to avoid wearing glasses to avoid being ridiculed because he was made fun of at this school. When Ibuse's tutor died, his grandfather arranged for a private lesson in Chinese literature for him. Ibuse was prevented from reading popular works during this period because of rules that forbade students to read fictional literature. Ibuse was able to read works by Toson and Ogai. Ibuse wrote a letter to Ogai in 1916. A reply was sent to Sansuke by Ogai, who thought he was a famous scholar. Fumio submitted a poem using his brother's name in middle school.Ibuse was reprimanded by the principal of Fukuyama Middle School but he received two fan letters. Ibuse was reprimanded for expressing an interest in the visual arts. Ibuse enjoyed the classes at Fukuyama Middle School but didn't want to become an artist. Ibuse wanted to continue his artistic work under the tutorship of Kansetsu, but he was denied that opportunity. Ibuse was influenced by his brother Fumio and a friend of his, Yamane Masakazu. Ibuse wanted to study painting and poetry but was encouraged to study fiction and French literature. Ibuse was uncertain about leaving the countryside of Fukuyama and moving to the big city after moving to Tokyo.Ibuse said that sometimes he felt that half of him wanted to return to the country while the other half wanted to stay in Tokyo. Ibuse felt lonely and missed his Fukuyama home. Ibuse decided to stay in a boardinghouse near Waseda University because he often moved but always stayed near Waseda. Ibuse witnessed political unrest and the expressed radicalism of university students during his stay at Waseda University. The political ideologies of the era did not appeal to Ibuse. He was not happy with the strikes and revolts. In Tokyo, Ibuse befriended eccentric young men and literary hopefuls, but often found inspiration in his loneliness and went so far as to pawn a watch to try to understand the necessitousness of writers.Iwano Homei met <mask> in 1918. Some of Ibuse's literary works were influenced by Homei's literature. Ibuse befriended a student at Waseda. The writings of Ibuse were influenced by Aoki. Aoki's influence can be found in "The Carp", where Ibuse idealizes Aoki's friendship and represents his feelings towards this friendship as a carp. Shakespeare and Bash were two works that influenced Ibuse. After the death of Aoki, Ibuse began writing his first essays, which were in prose.He had to leave the university because he was sexually harassed by a gay professor. He stopped working for Waseda University and started writing for magazines. Ibuse began publishing stories in the early 1920s. He made his first contribution to the magazine. It was written for Aoki in 1919. It was renamed "Confinement" in 1923. Ibuse's work was praised by some of Japan's top critics in the late 1920s.The style of writing he began to write in was characterized by a blend of humor and bitterness. He was awarded the Naoki Prize for John Manjirou, the Cast-Away: his Life and Adventure, and continued to publish works filled with warmth and kindness, while at the same time showing a keen power of observation. Intellectual fantasies that used animal allegories, historical fiction, and the country life were some of the themes he used. Ibuse was a propaganda writer for the government during World War II. After the war, Ibuse became famous, but he was known and appreciated for most of his career. He won the first prize in 1949. The highest honor that can be bestowed upon a Japanese author is the Noma Prize, which he received in 1966 for his novel Black Rain.The title of the novel refers to the nuclear fallout from the bombing of Hiroshima. The diaries of survivors were used by Ibuse to create his narrative. Ibuse's earlier story, Kakitsubata, deals with similar themes. Yu Hei Confinement, 1923 Sanshouo, 1929 is a collection of works. Waves: A War Diary Shigotobeya was published in 1931 and The River Zuihitsu was published in 1933. There are three volumes of in Waves: Two Short Novels Tajinko Mura, Shigureto Jokei, and <mask> Masuji Zuihitsu Zenshu. Hana No Machi, 1942, City of Flowers Chushu Meigetsu, 1942, Aru Shojo No SenjiNikki, 1943, and Wabisuke, 1946, are trans.In Waves: Two Short Novels, Oihagi No Hanashi, Ibuse <mask> Senshu, and Yohai Taicho were published. Nyomin Nanakamado, 1957 Ekimae Ryokan, 1957 Chinpindo Shujin, 1959 Bushu Hachigatajo, 1963. Black Rain was written by Kuroi Ame. The First Half of My Life Shincho Nihonbungaku was published in 1970. Under Arms Ogikubo Fudoki was published in 1981 and Black Rain was published in 1989. External links to "Ibuse Masuji" can be found at http://www.f.waseda.jp/mjewel/jlit/authors_works/modernlit/ibuse_masuji.

masks: Ibuse Ibuse Masuji


texts: <mask> was an early homosexual rights activist in the United States. The Society for Human Rights (SHR), founded in 1924, was inspired by the work of Germany's Magnus Hirschfeld and his Scientific-Humanitarian Committee. Police arrested several members of SHR after it incorporated. Despite being embittered by his experiences, <mask> continued to advocate for the rights of homosexuals. He has been recognized many times for his contributions to the LGBT movement. On June 29, 1892, Heinrich Joseph Dittmar, also known as "Josef", was born in the city of Passau in Bavaria. He changed his name when he arrived in the United States in 1913.He and his family moved to Chicago because of its large German immigrant population. He was briefly committed to a mental institution because of his homosexuality in 1917. When the United States declared war on Germany, there was a choice between being an enemy alien or enlisted in the Army. The Allied Army of Occupation assigned him to work as a printer and proofreader. He served for three years. During his time in Germany, <mask> became aware of the work Magnus Hirschfeld and his Scientific-Humanitarian Committee were doing to reform anti-homosexual German law, which criminalized sex between men. He traveled to Berlin several times and subscribed to at least one magazine.He absorbed the idea that homosexual men were naturally effeminate. He went to work for the post office in Chicago after he returned to the United States. The Society for Human Rights was inspired by the work of the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee. He was the secretary of the Society for Human Rights. The non-profit organization application was filed with the state of Illinois. To promote and protect the interests of people who by reasons of mental and physical abnormality are abused and hindered in the legal pursuit of happiness which is guaranteed them by the Declaration of Independence and to combat the public prejudices against them by dissemination of information. The society stands for law and order and protects the rights of others, but it does not advocate any acts in violation of current laws or inimical to the public welfare.Illinois was the first state to repeal its law. John T. Graves and five other people were listed as directors of the new organization. On December 10, 1924, the state granted the charter to SHR, making it the oldest documented homosexual organization in the nation. The first known American gay-interest publication was the SHR newsletter. Postal inspectors would deem the publication obscene, so few SHR members were willing to receive the newsletter. Gay-interest publications were deemed obscene. There were two issues of friendship and freedom.They decided to exclude bisexuals and limit SHR membership to gay men. SHR vice-president Al Weininger was married with two children. SHR was reported to a social worker by Weninger's wife in the summer of 1925. The Chicago Examiner reported on the story under the headline "Strange Sex Cult Exposed". The man was tried three times. Some or all of his life savings may have been paid for in bribes through his lawyer, as charges against him were eventually dismissed but his defense cost him his life savings. He lost his post office job for "conduct unbecoming a postal worker" and he paid a $10 fine for "disorderly conduct".None of the wealthy gays of Chicago came to his aid for a cause designed to advance the common good after SHR was destroyed. The activities between the demise of SHR and 1927 are not known. A friend from his Army days introduced him to a colonel in New York City in 1927. The officer encouraged him to re-enlist. He was posted to Fort Jay on Governors Island and his post-war talents were put to use by the Army Recruiting Bureau in the production of their magazines and recruiting publications. He received an honorable discharge from the Army because of his low profile office work. He ran a pen pal service called "Connections" during his second enlistment.The majority of the service's members were heterosexual. He wrote articles for a number of magazines, including Chanticleer, in which he made the case for homosexual rights. When writing about gay issues, it was normal for gay writers to use pseudonyms, such as "Parisex". For the next 30 years, he continued to write. In Washington, D.C., he explored the city's gay scene, including the popular cruising area in Lafayette Park. In 1953, the editors of ONE magazine published a letter from Gerber in which he briefly recounted the story of the Society for Human Rights. A detailed history of SHR was provided in a full-length article published by ONE in 1962.During the emergence of the Homophile movement in the U.S., <mask> maintained a lot of correspondence with other gay men, discussing gay organizing and strategies for answering societal prejudice. He resigned from the Washington chapter of the Mattachine Society after clashing with the chapter president. The last decades of his life were spent at the Soldiers' and Airmen's Home. He worked on his memoirs and translations of German novels. He died at the home on December 31, 1972 at the age of 80. He was buried in the United States Soldiers' and Airman's Home National Cemetery. The Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame was founded in 1992.The apartment where <mask> lived when he founded SHR is located in the <mask> Gerber House. On June 1, 2001, it was designated a Chicago landmark. In June of 2015, it was named a national historic landmark. Pearl M. Hart was a civil rights defender and the library is named after her. The link between the American Homophile movement of the 1950s and the LGBT-related activism of the Weimar Republic can be found in Gerber. Harry Hay lived in Los Angeles in 1929. Champ Simmons was a lover of one of the SHR brethren and he met him in the cruising scene in Pershing Square.Hay was told about the Society's brief history by Simmons. Hay was inspired to create a proposal for a gay men's political and social group because of his knowledge of previous activism. The first enduring LGBT rights organization in the United States was founded in 1950 by Hay and several other men. There are references to the ed. The year 1997. We are everywhere is a historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics. The book was written by Hogan, Steve and Lee Hudson.Completely Queer is a Gay and Lesbian Encyclopedia. Henry Holt and Company is in New York. The Grandfather of the American Gay Rights Movement was <mask>. There was a collection in Bullough. Gay and Lesbian Rights Activists in Historical Context The Haworth Press is an imprint of New York's Harrington Park Press. The Other Side of Silence is a book about men's lives and gay identities.New York, Henry Holt and Company. The Supreme Court is being sued by gay men and lesbians. Riemer, Matthew and Brown are from New York. We are everywhere in the history of queer liberation. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. The National Museum has an archive of Lesbian and Gay History. The Gay Encyclopedia.Lesbians, gays, and bisexuals from the United States and Germany are buried in the United States.

masks:
Henry Gerber
Gerber
Gerber
Gerber
Henry Gerber
Henry
Henry Gerber