texts: The former Director of the Center for International Development is currently leading the Center for International Development's Growth Lab and is a Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He was a former Minister of Planning in Venezuela. He introduced several concepts in economics including original sin, growth diagnostics, self-discovery, dark matter, and economic complexity. <mask> is a theatre director and producer, as well as an art historian and a comedian. Career <mask> received a bachelor's degree in Engineering and Applied Physics and a PhD in Economics from Cornell University. He founded the Center for Public Policy at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administracion in Venezuela. He was a member of the Board of the Central Bank of Venezuela from 1992 to 1993.He was the Chair of the World Bank Development Committee. The first Chief Economist of the Inter-American Development Bank was <mask>. <mask> came to Harvard in 2000. <mask> is a professor at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government and director of the Center for International Development. He holds a chair at the Santa Fe Institute. The International Panel on the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa was chaired by him between 2005 and 2008. Development policy strategy and why are so many countries poor are two subjects he teaches.<mask> has held several positions at profit and non-profit organizations, including being a member of the board of CANTV, a full-service telephone company in Venezuela. He was the president of the Latin-American and Caribbean Economic Association from 2010 to 2011. <mask> has focused his research efforts on two areas: the underlying determinants of macroeconomic volatility and the determinants of long run growth. The causes of growth accelerations and collapses, the causes and consequences of original sin, the process of structural transformation and the Product Space are some of the themes he has been exploring. He has been involved with studies on Argentina, Armenia, and other countries. He is a co-author of the World Economic Forum's yearly Global Gender Gap Report. He writes a syndicated column about economics of development.On March 4, Juan Guaid named <mask> as Venezuela's representative to the Inter-American Development Bank, a Washington-based multilateral agency and the only international financial organization to recognize him as the legitimate president of Venezuela. <mask> was denied a visa by the Chinese government, which led to the cancellation of the annual meeting of the IDB. <mask> resigned as ambassador to the IDB because of his academic duties at Harvard University. Hausmann recommended Alejandro Plaz as Venezuela's IDB representative, who was named to the post by Guaid. <mask> has a consulting firm in Boston, Massachusetts. The expression original sin was first used in 1999 in an article by Barry Eichengreen and <mask>. The authors define original sin as a situation in which the residents of a country are unable to borrow in their own domestic currency.A poor country is forced to borrow funds in foreign exchange. The U.S. dollar, euro, or Japanese currency are used. The authors used a measure of original sin to show that original sin was present in most of the developing economies. If the borrowing country's domestic currency depreciates, the loan will become more difficult to pay back, since their currency is now worth less relative to the loan. The international component of original sin is the inability of most countries to borrow abroad in their own currency. Most of the countries suffered from original sin over time, according to Barry Eichengreen, <mask> and Ugo Panizza. The international component of original sin has serious consequences according to the authors.It affects a country's ability to conduct an independent monetary policy by making debt riskier. Currency mismatches in the national balance sheet of a country are likely to be caused by original sin. It will be more difficult for the country to service its debt if there are large swings in the real exchange rate. The fiscal balance is dependent on the real exchange rate and the short term real interest rate. The concept of original sin has been critiqued twice. On the other hand, Morris and Philip claim that original sin is not a sufficient condition for a currency mismatch, and thus cannot account for the large output losses due to the currency mismatches during financial crises. The main problem of emerging market economies is to learn how to borrow less rather than learn how to borrow more in their domestic currency according to Carmen, Kenneth, and Miguel Savastano.They assumed that the problems of emerging markets were not caused by original sin, but by the inability of emerging markets to manage levels of external debt that would be manageable for developed countries. In a paper, Eichengreen, Hausmann and Panizza explain the difference between currency mismatches, debt tolerance and original sin. The concept of self-discovery was developed by <mask> and Rodrik. In a 2003 paper titled "Economic Development as Self-Discovery", Hausmann and Rodrik argue against the idea that growth will follow automatically from the presence of state-of-the-art technologies and good economic institutions. One condition is that entrepreneurs in the country know what new economic activities can be profitable there. It is costly for innovative entrepreneurs to invest in self-discovery. The benefits of self-discovery accrue to all entrepreneurs in the country, who now know what activities are profitable.The benefits of self-discovery accrue to larger groups of people if this leads to more innovation and growth in the country. According to <mask> and Rodrik, self-discovery has benefits beyond the firm that originally invested in the discovery. Governments should use economic policies to promote self-discovery. In a later paper, <mask>, Rodrik and co-author changed the previous conclusions on self-discovery. Some products are associated with higher productivity levels. If it is discovered that high-productivity goods can be produced there, self-discovery is beneficial for countries. The new products enhance the profitability of the country's export basket, which in turn is associated with higher growth.The beneficial effect of self-discovery is caused by products that are more interesting to discover. The underlying reasons why some developing economies are not growing as fast as might be expected are determined by the growth diagnostics methodology developed by Hausmann, Rodrik and Velasco. The Anna Karenina principle states that different countries have different reasons for slow growth. The growth diagnostic approach is based on the idea that there may be many reasons why an economy does not grow, but each reason has its own set of symptoms. These symptoms can become the basis of a differential diagnostic in which the analyst tries to distinguish between possible explanations for the observed growth rate of the economy. The growth diagnostics methodology leaves out the "symptoms" of low growth that are visible in a country's economy. If possible, all possible causes of these symptoms are inspected and eliminated using a decision tree.The causes are scrutinized next. Until the most binding constraint to growth in a country is found, this goes on. Economic policy in the country will need to address this constraint to accelerate growth. The wrong cure for the wrong disease is argued by the authors. Implementing the wrong economic reform in the wrong circumstances can be both economically productive and politically dangerous. One of the first applications of the growth diagnostics methodology was a case study. The country had good macroeconomic indicators, decent institutions and low interest rates.It was investing very little. According to the growth diagnostics methodology, the low investment in El Salvador could be brought back to a problem of self-discovery, as the country was losing its traditional industries and it was unclear what it should invest in next. The most binding constraint on growth was the lack of innovative investment ideas. The World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the UK's Department for International Development and the Millennium Challenge Corporation have all adopted the growth diagnostics strategy since the publication of this paper. The country case studies are collected by the PREM network. There is a difference between official estimates of the U.S. cumulative current account and actual returns on the U.S. net financial position. The net U.S. current account deficit was estimated by the BEA to be 2.5 trillion in 2004.According to <mask> and his colleague, the U.S. current account deficit cannot be as high as it is thought to be. In 2004, net income was 30 billion, which is not lower than it was in 1980, but it is still a positive 30 billion. The authors argue that the "real" cumulative current account in 2004 was positive, and that a large amount of foreign assets are being left out of the calculations. Dark matter is the result of the export of ideas and other services from the U.S. to other economies. The two authors claim that the U.S. has significant exports that don't show up in official trade statistics. The real value of its foreign assets is increased by these exports. They argue that there is less reason to worry about the U.S. financial position.The dark matter in the U.S. current account has implications for the accounts of other countries. Critics have criticized the idea of dark matter. Dark matter should result in a higher rate of return on U.S. assets than on U.S. liabilities. There is no evidence that this is the case according to him. Even though the U.S. economy has permanent characteristics like the export of know-how, the U.S. income from dark matter varies enormously from year to year. The three men agree that U.S. foreign assets are currently overvalued. They argue that U.S. foreign liabilities are overvalued.The unexpectedly high net income is explained by the fact that The U.S. has fewer foreign liabilities than is assumed. The existence and function of dark matter is defended in an article by Hausmann and Sturzenegger. The Product Space is a tool that can be used to understand the process of structural transformation and self-discovery. The Product Space is a network of products that are connected based on the likelihood that they will be co-exported. The pattern of comparative advantage of nations is predicted by the Product Space. They claim that coordination failures will cause economies to move into products that are similar to the ones they are currently making. As a country develops, it will diffuse through the product space from one product to 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609-In a recent publication titled "Structural Transformation and Patterns of Comparative Advantage in the Product Space", <mask> and co-author Bailey Klinger explain the idea of the Product Space using an analogy. Firms like to exploit the tree they occupy. The product space is the same for all countries. The process of structural transformation involves having monkeys jump from the poorer part of the forest to the richer part, but the probability of doing so successfully depends on the productivity of those trees and how close the monkeys are to unoccupied trees. The idea of growth diagnostics is related to the idea of the Product Space, which was developed to identify coordination failures that can further the economy of a developing country. The ultimate goal of the Product Space is to develop analytical tools that allow to study economic development, and not only at the traditional measures of governance used by agencies such as the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund. The economic complexity index is put forward as a more accurate measure of growth in a paper written in 2009.The research on the Product Space and economic complexity was summarized in the book, The Atlas of Economic Complexity. The selected bibliography was Eichengreen, Barry, <mask>, and Panizza. Currency Mismatches, Debt Intolerance and Original Sin: Why they are not the same and why it matters. The paper was from the NBER. 10036. <mask>, <mask>; Rodrik, Dani; and Velasco, Andrés. It's important to get the diagnostics right.Finance and Development is a book. The 2005 Growth Diagnostics working paper is summarized here. "Growth diagnostics". The Washington Consensus is being reconsidered towards a new global governance. The Oxford University Press is in Oxford, UK. <mask> and Sturzenegger were both present in November 2006). The implications of dark matter for the US.The paper is a working paper. There are 137. <mask>, <mask>; Klinger, Bailey; and Wagner, Rodrigo were all present. "Doing Growth Diagnostics in Practice: A Mindbook" The paper is a working paper. Hausmann R, et al. The Atlas of Economic Complexity was published in 2011.The Puritan Press. There are videos about the building blocks of complexity and networks.

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texts: Frank Fenter was a former Atlantic Records executive and a co-founder of the Macon, Georgia-based Capricorn Records. He received his undergraduate degree in economics from Mercer University in 1962, where he was a member of the ROTC. He was Otis Redding's manager from 1959 to 1967. He began his career as a booking agent and manager for R&B acts when he was a student at the University. In the summer of 1963, as he continued to build his business, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army through a deferred service program. He recruited his younger brother, Alan, who was a sophomore at Mercer, to run Phil Walden Artists and Promotions and served in Germany as a personnel officer before returning to the company. The Redwal Music publishing company was founded by <mask> and Redding.As a result of his management of many notable R&B acts in the 1960s, including Al Green, Sam & Dave and Percy Sledge, he was associated with Jerry Wexler, who specialized in the genre. In 1969 Frank Fenter, who had run Atlantic Records' European offices in London, established Capricorn, an independent production outlet that was distributed by Atlantic/Atco Records. The formation of The Allman Brothers Band was the result of a meeting between <mask> and Allman, who was under contract to Rick Hall, owner of FAME Studios. The Allman Brothers Band's debut album was a flop, selling just 33,000 copies. The breakthrough of 1970's Idlewild South and the 1971 live double set At Fillmore East convinced <mask> to end Capricorn's affiliation with Atlantic and move to Warner Bros. Records. At its peak, the label's roster also featured Allman Brothers Band spinoffs Sea Level, The Marshall Tucker Band, and El. Alex Taylor is the elder brother of James Taylor, Kitty Wells is a traditional country legend, Dobie Gray is a soul singer and Captain Beyond is a hard rock band.In spite of the label's notable imprimatur, a later distribution agreement with Polygram ended in 1979 when they called in the remaining balance of the loan. The initial iteration of Capricorn Records folded a year after declaring bankruptcy. The death of the singer in a plane crash was a huge blow to his friend. In 1971, Allman died in a motorcycle crash. A small empire was created in Macon with the label, a recording facility, real estate holdings and other ventures. Jimmy Carter's presidential campaign was supported in part by the Allman Brothers Band. Due to the dissolution of the Allman Brothers Band and the decline of Southern rock as a cultural force, the label entered a fallow period in the late 1970s.During the 1980s, he struggled with cocaine and alcohol dependency. Jim Varney, comic actor and star of a string of movies, was his anchor when he returned to artist management. Billy Bob Thornton served as his manager for several years. Warner Brothers and Walden formed a joint venture to revive Capricorn in 1991. The Athens, Georgia-based jam band Widespread Panic was the label's first signing. The label made several changes in partners and ended up at Mercury Records, due to the enthusiasm then-Mercury president Danny Goldberg had for the Capricorn roster, which had grown to include such diverse acts as 311, CAKE, and the reconstituted Allman Brothers Band. Kenny Chesney was the first country singer to sign with <mask>.Mt. after reading an article about a memorial ceremony for Robert Johnson. Skip Henderson, founder of the Zion Memorial Fund, commissioned a bronze sculpture to be mounted on a granite headstone in honor of Elmore James. On December 10, 1992, a memorial was placed on James' grave. Several members of the Mississippi state legislature attended the event. In 2000, the majority of the catalog was sold by Walden. In the early 2000s, with the Capricorn name retired, <mask> tried his hand with another startup label. His son, <mask>., daughter, Amantha, and nephew, Jason, were all part of the staff.In 1986 he was in the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. He died of cancer at the age of 66 in Atlanta, Georgia. Jimmy Carter said that <mask> was one of the top producers of great music in America. Carter said that <mask>'s work with the Allmans helped put Georgia on the musical map of the world. There are External links to the New York Times Obituary and the Rolling Stone Magazine Obituary.

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texts: The senior United States senator from Georgia is <mask>. <mask> is a member of the Democratic Party. In the special election for Georgia's 6th congressional district, which had been a Republican stronghold, <mask> was the Democratic nominee. The election was competitive. It became the most expensive House election in U.S. history. Karen Handel narrowly defeated Ossoff. In 2020, <mask> won the Democratic nomination to run against David Perdue in Georgia for the US Senate.On January 5, 2021, <mask> won the election after neither candidate reached the 50 percent threshold. On January 5, 2021, Ossoff will serve alongside fellow Democrat Raphael Warnock, who defeated incumbent Republican Kelly loeffler in the Senate special election. The two races attracted national attention as they decided which party would control the Senate in the 116th Congress. Democrats gained a majority in the Senate. With his victory, <mask> became the youngest member of the Senate since Don Nickles in 1980 and the first Jewish member of the Senate from Georgia. Since 2005, no Democrats have represented Georgia in the United States Senate. <mask> was born on February 16, 1987, in Atlanta, Georgia.He was raised in Northlake. <mask>'s mother is an Australian who came to the United States at the age of 23. She is a co-founding member of NewPower PAC, an organization that works to elect women to local office. <mask> is a Russian Jewish andLithuanian Jewish descent man who owns a publishing company. Prior to his bar mitzvah, Ossoff was formally converted to the religion due to his mother being a gentile. He noted in an interview that his ancestors fled pogroms in the early 20th century and that this influenced him and his beliefs. His mother held Australian citizenship.He attended an independent school in Atlanta. He worked for John Lewis while in high school. <mask> graduated from Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service with a Bachelor of Science degree. Madeleine Albright was the U.S. secretary of state and Michael Oren was the Israeli ambassador to the United States. He obtained a Master of Science degree in international political economy from the London School of Economics. After receiving a recommendation from John Lewis, Ossoff worked as a national security staffer and legislative assistant for a U.S. representative. Insight: The World Investigates is a London-based investigative television production company that works with reporters to create documentaries about corruption in foreign countries.In East Africa, the firm produced investigations about death squads and war crimes. <mask> produced a documentary about the staging of a play. Ossoff received an inheritance from his grandfather, a former co-owner of a Massachusetts leather factory, which he used to co-fund Insight: TWI. After learning that Republican Tom Price of Georgia's 6th congressional district had been appointed secretary of health and human services by president-elect Donald Trump, <mask> announced his candidacy for the special election. Out of a large field of candidates, Ossoff was the most viable. He was endorsed by congressmen Hank Johnson and John Lewis. He was endorsed by the U.S. senator and Democratic presidential candidate.Early April of that year, <mask> raised over $8.3 million. According to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Ossoff transformed what was expected to be a quiet battle for a long-safe Republican seat into a proxy fight over Trump, the health care overhaul and the partisan struggle for suburbia. Georgia's 6th congressional district was not considered competitive when he entered the race and had been represented by Republicans since 1978. Less than two months before <mask>'s announcement, Price had been re-elected with 62 percent of the vote. <mask> grew up in the 6th district, which is now the 4th district, although as of the election he lived in the neighboring 4th district. He lived in the 4th temporarily so that his live-in girlfriend could walk to work. Members of the House have to live in the state they represent.During the campaign, the two became engaged. No candidate received 50 percent of the vote in the blanket primary. Republican candidate Karen Handel received 19.8% of the vote, but the rest of the votes went to 16 other candidates. The top two vote-getters, <mask> and Handel, competed in a second election in June of last year. All but 1 percent of the Democratic vote went to Ossoff. Republicans won 51.2 percent of the vote. <mask> raised more money than any other U.S. House candidate.His campaign raised more than $23 million, two-thirds of which was contributed by small-dollar donors nationwide. His opponent, Handel, and national Republican groups attacked him for raising significant small-dollar contributions from outside of Georgia, although Handel's campaign received the bulk of its support from super PACs and other outside groups. Over $55 million was spent by the campaigns and outside groups on their behalf, making it the most expensive House election in U.S. history. Ossoff declined to say if he would support Pelosi for Speaker if elected, despite the Republican strategy of connecting him to her. On June 20, <mask> was defeated by Handel, 51.78 to 48.22 percent. While his percentage of the total vote remained steady from April to now, Ossoff gained 32,220 more votes in those three months, a 34 percent increase. According to the New York Times, he "brought a surprising number of irregular young and nonwhite voters to the polls" and nearly doubled youth turnout in the 6th district.According to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "surging Democratic turnout wasn't enough to overcome heavy GOP voting in a district where Republicans far outnumber Democrats". Frank Bruni characterized the race as "demoralizing for Democrats" in an op-ed for The New York Times. Since the district assumed its current configuration as a northern suburban district in 1992, Democratic challengers have won more than 40 percent of the vote only twice before. On February 23, 2018, <mask> announced that he wouldn't run for the seat in the regular election, which was won by Lucy McBath. In the 2020 Senate election in Georgia, Ossoff ran in the Democratic primary to try to oust incumbent Republican senator David Perdue. On June 10, Ossoff advanced to the general election by winning 50.5 percent of the vote, just over the threshold to prevent a run-off election. In July 2020, Perdue's campaign ran a Facebook advertisement in which Ossoff's nose was digitally altered to be larger, which Ossoff criticized as anti-Semitic.Perdue's campaign said that Perdue had not seen the image and that it was done by a vendor. The advertisement was pulled by the Perdue campaign. By October 2020, <mask> had raised over $100 million for his campaign, making him the best-funded Senate candidate in U.S. history. Perdue received more votes than <mask> in the November 3 general election. The top two candidates advanced to a January 5, 2021, election after no candidate got a majority of the vote on November 3. The closing argument of the <mask> campaign focused on the fact that if they were to win their elections and give Democrats a majority in the Senate, they would approve theStimulus payments. Most major news outlets called the race for <mask> later that day after he declared victory.<mask> won in the inner ring of the Atlanta metropolitan area. He won the two counties that have recently swung Democratic, by over 40,200 and 74,200 votes. His statewide margin was about 55,000 votes. He ran a close second to Warnock, who ran up his margins in the Atlanta area. Perdue gave up the election on January 8. The senators took office the following day after the vote was certified. On January 20, <mask> was sworn in to the Senate.When <mask> took office, he became the first Jewish senator from Georgia and the first Jewish senator from the Deep South since 1878. He was sworn in using the Bible of the late Rabbi Jacob Rothschild, who was bombed by white supremacists for his civil rights activism. Since 1996, no Democrat has been elected to a full term in the Senate from Georgia. Since 2005, only one Democratic senator from Georgia has left office. Ossoff was the youngest senior senator since Robert M. La Follette Jr. and the most junior since Hiram Fong. On January 20, 2021, <mask> was sworn into the United States Senate. President Joe Biden's cabinet nominees were supported by Ossoff.He voted in favor of General Lloyd Austin's nomination to serve as secretary of defense, as well as the required waivers for him to legally hold the position. Morris Brown College, a historically black college which <mask> pledged to help during his campaign, lost their accreditation in 2002 due to years of financial issues and mismanagement. At the time of the request, students of the college would be eligible for federal financial aid. The Department of the Education gave the college's students the ability to apply for federal financial aid one week later. Ossoff introduced legislation that would ban members of congress and their spouses from trading stocks. According to The New Yorker, Ossoff has "progressive positions on women's issues." Matthew Yglesias placed himself in the middle between progressive and conservative members of the Democratic Party when he ran for office.According to The Washington Post, the <mask> campaign decided against turning the special election into a referendum on Trump's alleged scandals, instead focusing on policy decisions by the president and congressional Republicans. He tried to avoid nationalizing that campaign over fears of losing moderate voters, according to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. The New York Times observed that his campaign distanced itself from the national Democratic Party. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution wrote in 2020 that <mask> was more unapologetic about embracing liberal policy ideas than his Democratic predecessors. As he seeks to tie Perdue to his White House ally, he now pulls no punches. Abortion Ossoff supports abortion rights. He supports abortion rights and supports judges who uphold them.Ossoff says it's past time to legalized, regulate, and tax cannabis, whose prohibition only enriches the criminals. As a member of the Senate, Ossoff will push for the legalization of cannabis, a substance that he says is less dangerous than alcohol. Ossoff supports the abolition of the death penalty. Ossoff is against prison sentencing for drug offenses. His website states, "Violent crime, murder, rape, human trafficking, and corruption are rampant, while we spend billions locking up drug offenders." Ossoff is against defunding the police as well as abolishing the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. He wants to establish national standards for use of force by police and supports task forces to fight organized crime.Ossoff supports demilitarizing the police and banning private prisons. Ossoff supports reinstating Glass-Steagall and ending speculative trading. He supports the spending of money in the wake of the COVID-19 PAIN. The additional checks of $1,200 were supported by Ossoff. Ossoff supports increasing economic relief for businesses and households that have been affected by COVID-19. Ossoff voted in favor of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. He supports funding.Financial regulation is something he supports. He promised to make education more affordable and to make trade school and public colleges free. He supports debt forgiveness. He accepts the scientific consensus that climate change is a threat to our security and prosperity. He supports the Paris Agreement. He doesn't like the Green New Deal. Ossoff advocated for investigations into failures to enforce environmental laws.He supports the protection of species and habitats. Energy Ossoff supports renewable energy. He supports investing in clean energy and believes that climate change is caused by humans. Ossoff didn't criticize President Joe Biden for the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan in August 2021, but he did support the State Department and the Department of Defense. The subsequent airport attack in Kabul, which killed 13 American military personnel, would be condemned by <mask>. A group of 25 Democratic senators called for an immediate ceasefire during the Israel–Palestine crisis. According to the statement, Israel has the right to defend itself from Hamas' rocket attacks.Israel's situation is important to <mask> because he has Orthodox relatives in the country, and he wishes for a future where all people in the region live in peace, live in prosperity and have equal rights. Ossoff supports Israel and the U.S. military. Ossoff supports blocking arms sales to Saudi Arabia. Ossoff wants the repeal of "wasteful, anti-competitive special interest subsidies that make it hard for entrepreneurs to raise capital, enter the market, create jobs, and compete with larger firms who have lobbyists in Washington". He said the government funds 16 billion in duplicate programs. That can be cut. Ossoff wouldn't accept donations from political action committees.Ossoff supports statehood for the District of Columbia. He supports term limits for federal judges and voted to eliminate the filibuster to pass the Build Back Better bill. He is against the decision in Citizens United v. FEC and supports a Voting Rights Act. Background checks, red flag laws, and an assault weapons ban have been supported by Gun Control Ossoff. He was endorsed by Everytown. TheAffordable Care Act is supported by healthcare Ossoff. No American should die or suffer from a preventable illness under his health care policy.No one should go broke if they get sick. Businesses shouldn't lay off employees because they can't keep up with health insurance premiums. He doesn't support a single-payer health care system. The May and March versions of the American Health Care Act were opposed by him. He said that the May version was worse than the earlier one because it did less to protect those with pre-existing conditions. He supports the redesign of the ACA. <mask> told The Atlanta Journal-Constitution that he supported tax credits for small businesses.He supports Medicaid and Medicare funding, he wants to empower Medicare to negotiate lower drug prices, and he wants to invest in new public health clinics. He supports a public option for healthcare. Immigration Ossoff supports comprehensive immigration reform that would strengthen enforcement along the Mexican border and give some immigrants a path to citizenship. He supports strengthening borders while providing a path for DREAMers, despite his opposition to Trump's border wall. Ossoff supports the LGBT community. The Equality Act would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Ossoff supports raising the minimum wage.Social Security Ossoff supports fortifying and protecting Social Security benefits. Tax Reform Ossoff supports taxing to balance the budget. He wants to simplify family living by lowering taxes on all but the wealthiest Americans. He doesn't like an increase in federal income tax rates. Trump administration Ossoff has been critical of the president, saying that he has a "divisive approach to government" and that he has great respect for the office. I don't have a lot of admiration for the man. On the day before <mask>'s primary, Trump called him a "super Liberal Democrat" who wanted to protect criminals, allow illegal immigration and raise taxes.According to FactCheck.org, there was no evidence that Ossoff advocated for a broad-based tax hike. <mask> said that he would be willing to work with Trump on issues of mutual interest. Ossoff said "I don't think we're there" after Trump disclosed classified information to Russia. A full and transparent and independent assessment of what level of interference there was by Russian intelligence services in the U.S. election is what he called for. The facts should be followed wherever they lead by the overseers in Congress and any independent counsel or commission. All Democrats and seven Republicans voted to convict Trump during his second impeachment on the charge of inciting insurrection after the United States Capitol attack. The John Lewis Voting Rights Act is supported by Ossoff.Several businesses from the Major League Baseball organization to the production of Will Smith film Emancipation boycotted the state of Georgia after the passage of the controversial Election Integrity Act of 2021, which was signed into law by Republican Governor Brian Kemp. In an interview with CNN, Ossoff expressed his displeasure with the bill, while also saying he didn't support the corporate boycotts. Public image Ossoff is able to appeal to young people by using the popular social media app TikTok. On the night he was elected to the Senate, Ossoff's posts on social media from the previous decade have attracted renewed attention. He is the first online senator. In January 2021, Vogue reported on an "adoring" account of self-declared "simps" expressing affection toward Ossoff. After Ossoff's election, The Daily Beast reported on an "Ossimp Patrol" on the platform that monitors "Ossoff simps" on the platform, and replied to their tweet with an ActBlue link prompting to donate to Raphael Warnock's reelection campaign.When shown this by The Daily Beast, Ossoff is said to have "paused for a moment" and "furrowed his brow" before saying he wasn't aware of any of this, but did commend the "great community" he had that supported him during his 2020 Ossoff is a graduate of Georgetown University and the Emory University School of Medicine. Ossoff married Kramer after 12 years of dating. On the night of Ossoff's election to the United States Senate, Kramer was working an overnight shift in Atlanta. On December 20, 2021, <mask> and Kramer announced the birth of their daughter, Eva Beth. Senate Filmography See also List of Jewish members of the United States Congress.

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Ossoff
Ossoff


texts: <mask> is a character created by <mask>. <mask> was a Brazilian football player from 1906 to 1968. He played for clubs in Brazil, Italy, Switzerland, France, Portugal and Spain during the 1930 World Cup. He instigated a number of moves of players from South America to Europe. He wore a mariners' cap when he was playing. Guidicelli was born in Brazil. He began his career in 1924 with America FC, one of the top Carioca football clubs.He joined Fluminense FC in July 1927 and played there until June 1931. The Brazil national football team lost 1–2 to Yugoslavia at the World Cup in 1930. He played in the second match in which Brazil defeated Bolivia. His last match in the national side was in August of 2016 when Brazil defeated Yugoslavia. The match was not considered official by the association. The only other trip to Europe by a Brazilian club since the one of CA Paulistano was in 1931. FC Porto, FC Barcelona, and S.L. played in twelve matches in Portugal and Spain.The team of Vasco, coached by Harry Welfare, won eight times. Football in Rio was still an amateur sport back then, so <mask> chose to play for FC Torino in Italy. He was considered an oriundo, an Italian emigrant returning home. His lack of fighting spirit put him at a disadvantage in the context of the style of football played in Italy back then. Torino had a player named <mask> from September 1931 until April 1933. He played in the standard formation in Torino's first season in the league and scored once. Torino finished seventh in the 1932–33 season.Torino released him after this season. Between the seasons 1931–32 and 32/33 he was in Rio. He convinced Magalhes to join him at Torino. He got at least initially away with a claim to Italian origins after changing his name. Between the next couple of seasons, he was recruiting South American players for European engagements. In 1933, centre forward Attilio Bernasconi from CA All Boys moved to Torino. At the beginning of the 1933–34 season, it was reported that <mask> had an offer to join Argentine top side CA River Plate, however he joined the then Swiss first division club Young Fellows Zrich.He tried to recruit players for Switzerland during the winter break. Heitor Canalli, a1934 World Cup participant who commenced the 1933–34 season with Torino and played there nine times, but considered the climate in northern Italy as "torture", did not return to Zrich. <mask> may have played for Girondins. He came back to Brazil again at the end of the season, this time convincing the goalkeeper Jaguaré Bezerra de Vasconcelos and the defender Marins de Arajo Viana "Vianinha" of opportunities. The Second Italo-Abyssinian War began in Lisbon, their first port of call after their voyage across the Atlantic. They decided not to continue their journey. They were the first Brazilians in the club's history.He should only play two matches for the Lisbon side, one friendly and the championship of Lisbon, where he was sent off after discussions with the referee. After winning the city championship with Sporting, Jaguaré moved on to Olympique Marseille, where he should leave a lasting impression on the club's history. Vianinha was with FC Porto when they won the national championship in Portugal. The first Brazilian in Real Madrid's history was <mask>. In December 1935 he played for the club. Francisco Bru suspended him after he had a falling out with his coach. He was in France in January 1936, where he was rumored to join Olympique Lillois or FC Antibes.He played 10 first division matches for the latter club, scoring one goal, and finished twelfth out of 16. He scored seven goals in 19 matches for the Antibois. He was joined by Vininha, who played five league matches for the club, scoring twice before returning to Portugal. The season ended with Antibes finishing 13th. <mask> was Ex-meia do América-RJ, Flu, Torino e Real Madrid. Footballers from Rio de Janeiro died in the 1968 World Cup. Brazilian people of Italian descent play football in France and Spain.

masks:
Fernando Rubens Pasi Giudicelli
Fernando Rubens
Fernando
Fernando
Giudicelli
Giudicelli
Fernando Giudicelli
Fernando Giudicelli
Fernando Giudicelli


texts: An anthropologist is <mask>. She is a full professor at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Her research focuses on the shamans or machis of the Mapuche community of Chile, and the ways shaman practices and beliefs are affected by and influence communal experiences of state power, mythical history, ethics, gender, justice, and identity. <mask>o obtained her PhD from the University of California, Los Angeles. The Mapuche communities have been her main focus of study, observing their lifestyles from the perspective and guidance of her'spiritual grandmother.' The most notable works regarding the Mapuche have been published since 1996 with the most notable being Shamans of the Foye Tree: Gender, Power and Healing Among Chilean Mapuche. Baciagalupo wrote a book about the experience she had living with and studying the Mapuche people.It shows the resilience of the Mapuche communities and machi against the multiple forces of colonialism and dictatorship. By connecting themselves to the forces of nature around them, the Mapuche have been able to both preserve their ways of life and to empower both male and female members. The importance of the foye tree is discussed in the Shamans of the Foye Tree. The Mapuche shamans are influenced by sacred trees. The place where the machi's spirit resides is a symbol of office for both male and female machi. The machis could be seen as a community of people who communicate with humans but also want to communicate with other aspects of the universe using the Foye trees. The flowers of the machi rituals are hermaphroditic.In order to engage in the rituals, Mapuche Shamans have no gender restrictions. Most of the machi's are female because women provide fertility to the land which helps promote agriculture and ultimately helps the community survive. In addition to her extensive work with Mapuche shamans, Bacigalupo's research has also extended to three other areas: Developments in Mapuche spirituality, the telling of history, and political activity in connection with historical and ongoing Chilean state violence against the community. There are Mapuche and non-Mapuche alike. The undead play two important purposes in Mapuche society, according to Bacigalupo. They are conceived of as moral agents who enforce retributive justice against the immoral within and outside of the community in order to correct the moral order. Their suffering serves as a reminder of the violence committed by the state against the Mapuche from the 19th-century wars to the Pinochet dictatorship to the present day and into the future.Climate change's transformation of social values, politics, and activism, particularly in regards to the emerging ethics and politics of vulnerable and poor Peruvian mestizos that stress the significance of the environment for human communities and nature's moral agency Law, morality, and human rights in the context Modernization or wisdom in Mapuche Land? San Pablo is located in Santiago. Mapuche: La prctica de la machi contempornea. Contemporary Mapuche Shamans use hybridity in Mapuche traditional healing methods. Santiago: PAESMI. 2001: La voz del kulturn en la modernidad.Tradition and Change in the Practice of Seven Mapuche Shamans is the Voice of the Drum in Modernity. The university of catlica de chile is in Santiago. In 2007, there was a book called Shamans of the Foye Tree: Gender, Power and Healing among the Mapuche. The University of Texas Press is in Austin. Making History with Mapuche Spirits is the story of the thunder shaman. The University of Texas Press is in Austin. "Renouncing Shamanistic Practice: The Conflict of Individual and Culture experienced by a Mapuche Machi" was published in 1995.The anthropology of consciousness vol.6 was published. "Mapuche Women's Empowerment as Shaman-Healers (Machis)" was published in 1996. The Annual Review of Women in World Religions is published annually. The performance of shamanism and the struggle to remain Mapuche were covered in 1998. The Anthropology of Consciousness Vol.9 was published. "Studying Mapuche Shaman/Healers in Chile from an Experiential Perspective: Ethical and Methodological Problems" was published in 1998. The anthropology of consciousness vol.10 was published."Rethinking Identity and Feminism: Contributions of Mapuche Women and Machi from Southern Chile" was published in 2003 The second edition of hypatia Vol.18, No.2 was published. Negotiating with Mapuche Resistance Movements and Political Authorities was done by Shamans in 2004. The title is Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power. "Rtual Gendered Relationships: Kinship, Marriage, Mastery, and Machi Modes of Personhood" was published in 2004. The Journal of Anthropological Research Vol.60 is a journal. The Struggle for Machi Masculinities was published in 2004.There is an Ethnohistory Vol.51, No.3. : p. "Gendered Rituals for Cosmic Order: Mapuche Shamanic Struggles for Healing and Fertility" was published in 2005. The journal of ritual studies has a second volume. The Re-Invention of Mapuche Male Shamans as Catholic Priests was published in 2008. In Native Christians: Modes and Effects of Christianity among Indigenous Peoples of the Americas was edited by Aparecida Vilaa and Robin M. Wright. Ashgate Press."The Life, Death, and Rebirth of a Mapuche Shaman: Remembering, Forgetting and the Willful Transformation of Memory" was published in 2010. The Journal of Anthropological Research is a journal. Mapuche struggles to obliterate dominant history: mythohistory, spiritual agency and shamanistic historical consciousness. The title is Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power. "The Potency of Indigenous Bibles and Biography: Mapuche Shamanic Literacy and Historical Consciousness." The American Ethnologist is a book. 41, No.4: p. Disremembering the Dead among Mapuche in Chile was the subject of a thesis. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Death is the first edition. The Mapuche Undead Never Forget is a book by John Wiley and Sons. The second edition of anthropology and humanism was published. An interview with <mask> <mask> about Mapuche shamanism, history, and literacy can be found on the University at Buffalo's Department of Anthropology.

masks:
Ana Mariella Bacigalupo
Ana Mariella Bacigalup
Ana Mariella
Bacigalupo


texts: An American industrialist, as well as a magazine publisher, film producer, and art collector, <mask>. was born on March 1, 1947. He is married to a model. <mask> was raised in Jamaica Estates, Queens, the son of Murray and Lilly. His parents were Jewish. <mask>'s father co-founded the paper conversion company with his brother-in-law. He has a sister. Donald J. Trump was a childhood friend of <mask>.He left the University of Colorado to work for his father's company. The paper conversion company co-founded by his father was named after him. In the early 1970s, H. Joseph Allen, the son of Murray Brant's business partner, led the company into the manufacturing side of the business and purchased a mill in Rivire. In the early 2000s, as paper demand continued to decline, Brant embarked on a buying spree, purchasing a second Quebec mill in 2004 for $205 million and a third Quebec mill in 2006 for $135 million. He bought out his partner and changed the company's name to White Birch Paper Company. He purchased SP Newsprint Co in 2008 for $305 million, a newsprint manufacturer with operations in Oregon and Georgia. The purchase gave Brant control of 22% of the market, second to AbitibiBowater.Brant expanded into paper recycling through its recycling unit. In a court filing around 2007, he said his net worth had fallen to less than $500 million because of the downturn in the newsprint market. White Birch Paper restructured under Chapter 11 in February of 2010 due to excessive debt. More than 600 workers were sent home when the company closed its main mill in Quebec City. White Birch has mills in Canada and Virginia. In 2012 Brant pledged a portion of his art collection as security to purchase White Birch Paper out of bankruptcy in partnership with Black Diamond Capital Management. White Birch Paper has a CEO.The SP Newsprint Co filed for Chapter 11 in November of 2011. There are two mills in Dublin, Georgia and Newberg, Oregon. In September of 2012 SP Newsprint was purchased by a company called SP Fiber Technologies. Art in America was merged with ARTnews in May of 2016 ARTnews will go to a quarterly publication schedule, down from monthly, according to Artnet News. The latter ran an article asking if the Brant Foundation was a tax scam or an art investment vehicle. White Birch Paper announced in May of last year that it would be closing its Bear Island newsprint mill in Virginia.240,000 metric tons of newsprint was produced annually by the Bear Island mill. ARTnews and Art in America were acquired by Penske Media Corporation, the parent company of Variety magazine. Interview was founded by Andy Warhol and John Wilcock. Warhol's books and The Philosophy of Andy Warhol: From A to B and Back Again were edited into these interviews. Interview was published by Brant Publications after Warhol's death. In 2010 the magazine celebrated its 40th anniversary. Antiques is a monthly arts publication that focuses on architecture, interior design, and fine and decorative arts.News on current exhibitions and art-world events are included in the monthly columns. The magazine was founded in 1922 and underwent a complete redesign in 2009. L'Amour and Andy Warhol's Bad were both produced by him. The films Basquiat and Pollock won awards. The PBS documentary, Andy Warhol: A Documentary, was co-produced by Brant. Tommy Lee Jones was a producer of The Homesman and How to Train Your Dragon 2. After turning an $8,000 investment into several hundred thousand dollars as a young man, he bought his first pieces of art.According to The New York Times, his first purchases included a couple of Warhols. Two paintings of Ginger were made by Warhol. One of the largest collector's of Warhol's art is Brant. The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh has an Advisory Council. The Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles has a board of trustees. The public can view the collection at the two locations of the Brant Foundation Art Study Center in Connecticut and the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan. His collection includes works by Warhol, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Jeff Koons, Glenn Ligon, and Cady Noland.He is a major collector of the artist. The painting Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump'' was sold for more than $100 million. One of the partners in the partnership that owned Classic winner Swale was a member of the Kentucky Derby and polo team. Mr.Prospector was brought to Claiborne Farm by <mask>. One of the most influential sires in the American Stud-Book since the first of his offspring began racing in 1978 was Mr. Prospector, who began his stud career in Florida in 1975. The Kentucky Derby winner was bred by <mask>. Gulch and Line of Thunder were both owned and bred by <mask>.At one time, <mask> was the highest-rated amateur polo player in the U.S. His first marriage was to Sandy Simms, who was born in 1955. They met at the University of Colorado. They divorced in 1995. She married a writer. The best man at the wedding was Tony Shafrazi, the gallery owner. The couple reconciled in 2010 after filing for divorce in 2009.His two wives and one stepchild had eight children with him. Two of his children died within two years. There are five children together, four of which are still alive. Christopher was the president of White Birch Ryan and the director of Brant Publications. Ryan founded Take-Two at the age of 21. He was the company's CEO until 2001. He died at the age of 47 due to aspiration.Allison is the manager of her father's art collection and Kelly is the online director of the company. The baby was born October 27, 2004. Tom and Seymour's first marriage was to Dylan's father. Tax evasion in 1990 resulted from having his company pay for $1 million in personal expenditures. <mask> was sentenced to three months in a federal prison and $200,000 in fines for failing to keep records. People from Jamaica Estates, Queens, are related to University of Colorado alumni and film producers from New York.

masks:
Peter Mark Brant Jr
Brant
Brant
Brant
Brant
Brant
Brant
Brant
Brant


texts: <mask> was an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and photographer. He is one of the greatest filmmakers of all time. His films, almost all of which are adaptations of novels or short stories, cover a wide range of genres and are noted for their realism, dark humor, unique cinematography, extensive set designs, and evocative use of music. William Howard Taft High School was where Kubrick attended from 1941 to 1945. He received average grades, but displayed a keen interest in literature, photography, and film from a young age, and taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school. After working as a photographer for Look magazine in the late 1940s and early 1950s, he began making short films on shoestring budgets and made his first major Hollywood film, The Killing, for United Artists in 1956. The war picture Paths of Glory and the historical epic Spartacus were both made with Kirk Douglas.Creative differences arising from his work with Douglas and the film studios, a dislike of the Hollywood industry, and a growing concern about crime in America prompted Kubrick to move to the United Kingdom in 1961, where he spent most of his remaining life and career. His home at Childwickbury manor, which he shared with his wife Christiane, became his workplace, where he did his writing, research, editing, and management of production details. The advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios allowed him to have almost complete artistic control over his films. The first two films he made in Britain were with Peter Sellers. A demanding perfectionist, Kubrick assumed control over most aspects of the filmmaking process, from direction and writing to editing, and took care with researching his films and staging scenes, working in close coordination with his actors, crew, and other collaborators. He asked for many re-enactments of the same scene in a movie, which resulted in conflicts with his cast. Many of <mask>'s films broke new ground in cinematography.The scientific realism and innovative special effects of the science fiction epic 2001: A Space Odyssey were without precedent in the history of cinema, and the film earned him his only personal Oscar, for BestVisual Effects. The film is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, and Steven Spielberg has referred to it as his generation's "big bang". The brutal A Clockwork Orange, which was pulled from circulation in the UK following a mass media frenzy, was one of the films that received mixed reviews. The 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon was filmed under natural candlelight. With the horror film The Shining, he became one of the first directors to use a Steadicam for fluid tracking shots, a technology vital to his Vietnam War film Full Metal Jacket. His last film, Eyes Wide Shut, was completed before he died at the age of 70. The Lying-In Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, was where <mask> was born.Jack or Jacques was the first of two children who were known as Gert and Perveler. His sister Barbara Mary was born in 1934. Jack's mother was the child of Austrian-Jewish immigrants and he graduated from the New York Homeopathic Medical College in 1927. After arriving at Ellis Island at the age of 47, his wife and two grown children, one of whom was <mask>'s grandfather, left to start a new life with a younger woman. There was a follow-up in 1902. <mask>'s parents lived in the Bronx. His parents married in a Jewish ceremony, but he did not have a religious upbringing.The family was well-off in the West Bronx. After his sister's birth, Kubrick attended Public School 3 in the Bronx and Public School 90 in the Bronx. His IQ was above average but his attendance was poor. He had an interest in literature from a young age and read Greek and Roman myths and the Grimm brothers' fables, which "instilled in him a lifelong affinity with Europe". He spent most Saturdays during the summer watching the New York Yankees and later photographed two boys watching the game in an assignment for Look magazine to emulate his own childhood excitement with baseball. Jack taught his DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch The game appeared in many of <mask>'s films.He said chess helped him develop "patience and discipline" in making decisions. <mask>'s father bought him a Graflex camera when he was 13 years old. He befriended a man who shared his passion for photography. The young <mask> and the young Traub would spend hours in the darkroom looking at photographs and watching the chemicals make images on photographic paper. The two spent a lot of time in local cinemas and on the streets looking for interesting subjects to take pictures of. The influence of Weegee on Kubrick's development as a photographer DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch As a teenager, he tried to become a drummer.William Howard Taft High School was attended by <mask> from 1941 to 1945. Though he joined the school's photography club, which allowed him to photograph the school's events in their magazine, he was a mediocre student with a 67/D+ grade average. Kubrick had a low attendance record and often skipped school to watch double-feature films. The demand for college admissions from soldiers returning from the Second World War eliminated any hope of higher education for him. When he was alive, Kubrick maintained that American schools were useless in stimulating critical thinking and student interest. <mask> failed to achieve the excellence in school that his father knew he was capable of. Jack encouraged <mask> to take up photography and read from the family library at home.In high school, he was an official school photographer. He attended evening classes at the City College of New York in the 1940s because he couldn't get admission to day session classes at colleges. He sold a photographic series to Look magazine. He played chess for quarters in Washington Square Park and various Manhattan chess clubs. He became a full-time staff photographer after becoming an apprenticeship photographer. "<mask> was a quiet fellow, he lacked the personality to make it as a director in Hollywood," said G. Warren Schloat, Jr., another new photographer for the magazine at the time. He didn't say much.He was thin, skinny, and poor like us. He was known for his story-telling in photographs. His first novel, "A Short Story from a Movie Balcony", was published on April 16, 1946, and featured a fracas between a man and a woman that was caught by surprise. There were 18 pictures taken of people in a dental office. It has been said that this project showed an interest in capturing individuals and their feelings in mundane environments. He was sent to Portugal in 1948 to document a travel piece for a magazine. The photographer began photographing boxing matches for the magazine.His first book, "Prizefighter", was published on January 18, 1949, and was about a boxing match and the events leading up to it. The photo essay "Chicago-City of Extremes" was published in Look on April 2, 1949. In July 1950, the magazine published his photo essay, " Working Debutante - Betsy von Furstenberg", which featured a Picasso portrait. Frank Sinatra, George Lewis, Eddie Condon, Phil Napoleon, Papa Celestin, Alphonse Picou, Muggsy Spanier, Sharkey Bonano, and others were all photographed by <mask>. The couple wed on May 28, 1948. They lived in a small apartment on West 16th Street near Sixth Avenue. During this time, the Museum of Modern Art and New York City cinemas had film screenings.The director Elia Kazan, who he described as America's "best director" at that time, and the director Max Ophls, whose films influenced <mask>'s visual style, inspired him. When the film went silent, one of his friends observed that he would go back to reading his paper when people started talking, as he became obsessed with the art of filmmaking. He wrote notes while reading books on film theory. Sergei Eisenstein, the photographic technical director of Look magazine, was an inspiration to him. Alexander Singer had the intention of directing a film version of Homer's Iliad after graduating from high school, and he shared a love of film with his school friend, <mask>. Through Singer, who worked in the offices of the newsreel production company, The March of Time, Kubrick learned it could cost $40,000 to make a proper short film. He had $1500 in savings and produced a few short films.He called film suppliers, laboratories, and equipment rental houses to learn how to make films. A year earlier, he had photographed and written about Walter Cartier for Look magazine and decided to make a short film about him. Day of the Fight was a 16-minute black-and-white documentary. The money was independently found to finance it. He had considered asking Montgomery Clift to narrate it, but decided against it. According to Paul Duncan, the film was "remarkably accomplished for a first film", and used a backward tracking shot to film a scene in which Cartier and his brother walk towards the camera. Walter's brother and manager later reflected on his observations during the film.<mask> was an imaginative person with strong thoughts. He commanded respect in a quiet way. He just fascinated you, whatever he wanted. People who worked with <mask> did what he wanted. After a score was added by Singer's friend Gerald Fried, Kubrick had spent $3900 in making it, and sold it to RKO-Pathé for $4000, which was the most the company had ever paid for a short film at the time. He said that the best education in film is to make one, since he believed himself to have been forced to do most of the work in his first film. Kubrick quit his job at Look and visited professional filmmakers in New York City, asking many detailed questions about the technical aspects of filmmaking.He said that he was given the confidence to become a filmmaker because of the number of bad films he had seen. Flying Padre is a film about a man who travels 4,000 miles to visit his 11 churches. "Sky Pilot" was going to be a pun on the term for a priest. During the course of the film, the priest performs a burial service, makes an emergency flight to help a sick mother and baby, and confronts a boy bully a girl. A series of close-ups on the faces of people attending the funeral were most likely inspired by Sergei Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin, and several of the views from and of the plane in Flying Padre are later echoed in 2001: A Space Odyssey. Flying Padre was followed by The Seafarers, which was shot for the Seafarers International Union. It focused on the amenities of seafaring other than the act and depicted the logistics of a democratic union.The life of the seafarer's community was established by a dolly shot in the cafeteria scene of the film. Scenes from Eisenstein's Strike and the sequence of Paul Hall speaking to members of the union are similar. Day of the Fight, Flying Padre and The Seafarers are the only surviving documentary works by <mask>. After showing his short films to friends and family, he was able to raise money for his first feature film, Fear and Desire, which was written by his friend Howard Sackler. Martin Perveler, a Los Angeles pharmacy owner, invested a further $9000 on condition that he be credited as an executive producer of the film. Fourteen people, including five actors, five crewmen, and four others, were assembled and flown to the San Gabriel Mountains in California for a low-budget shoot. The Shape of Fear is a fictional allegory about a team of soldiers who survive a plane crash and are caught behind enemy lines in a war.One of the soldiers in the film becomes enamored with a girl in the woods and binding her to a tree. The close-ups on the face of the actress are noted. The added sounds, effects, and music brought production costs to over $50,000, exceeding the budget. He was given a chance to help in the production of a five-part television series about Abraham Lincoln on location in Kentucky. Fear and Desire received several positive reviews after it was released. The reviewer from The New York Times believed that <mask>'s professionalism as a photographer shone through in the picture, and that he "artistically caught a glimpse of the grotesque attitudes of death, the wolfishness of hungry men, as well as their bestiality." Mark Van Doren, a Columbia University scholar, said that the scenes with the girl bound to the tree would live on as a "beautiful, terrifying and weird" sequence which would guarantee his future success.Over the years, he tried to keep prints of the film out of circulation. During the production of the film, the cast was almost killed by mistake. A boxing film was one of the ideas that Kubrick began working on. Due to the commercial failure of his first feature, Kubrick avoided asking for further investments, but began a film noir script with Howard O. Sackler. Kiss Me, Kill Me, and The Nymph and the Maniac, Killer's Kiss is a film noir about a young boxer's involvement with a woman being abused by her criminal boss. It was privately funded by Kubrick's family and friends, with $40,000 coming from the Bronx pharmacy of Morris Bousse. Kubrick began shooting footage in Times Square, and frequently explored during the filming process, experimenting with cinematography and considering the use of unconventional angles and imagery.He was able to record the sound on location, but had trouble with the shadows from the microphone booms. He spent seven months working on the sound after he dropped the sound in favor of imagery. Blackmail and Killer's Kiss have both been cited as influences on Raging Bull. The star of Killer's Kiss observed that <mask> was a fascinating character. He thinks movies should move with a minimum of dialogue and he's all for sex and sadism. The production budget of $75,000 was more than enough for Killer's Kiss to make little money. The film's acting and story are mediocre, despite the film's camerawork being praised by critics.The most intelligent, most creative person I have ever come in contact with was the producer James B. Harris. The Harris-Kubrick Pictures Corporation was formed in 1955. After purchasing the rights to Lionel White's novel Clean Break for $10,000, Harris hired a film noir novelist, Jim Thompson, to write the dialog for the film, which became The Killing, about a meticulously planned racetrack robbery gone wrong. The film starred a man who had impressed Kubrick with his performance in The Asphalt Jungle. The picture was shot in Los Angeles with a professional cast and crew. The hiring of a veteran cinematographer was a result of the Union in Hollywood stating that Kubrick wouldn't be allowed to be both the director and the cinematographer. The production cost $330,000 and was shot in 24 days.Despite being only 27 and 20 years old, he clashed with Ballard during the shooting and was threatened to be fired by <mask> after a camera dispute. He was cold and detached. Always confident, very mechanical. Few directors are that good. The film made little money and was only promoted at the last minute as a second feature to the Western movie Bandido. (1956). The film was praised by several contemporary critics, with a reviewer for Time comparing it to another film.The Killing is considered to be one of the best films of <mask>'s early career, and it had a major influence on later directors of crime films. Paths of Glory was offered $75,000 by Dore Schary of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to write, direct, and produce a film. The novel Paths of Glory is based on a 1935 novel. MGM would not finance another war picture due to their support of the anti-war film The

masks:
Stanley Kubrick
Kubrick
Kubrick
Stanley
Stanley
Kubrick
Kubrick
Kubrick
Kubrick
Stanley
Stanley
Stanley
Kubrick
Kubrick
Stanley Kubrick
Stanley
Stanley
Kubrick
Kubrick
Stanley
Kubrick
Kubrick


texts: Red Badge of Courage. Kirk Douglas was interested in playing Colonel Dax after he was fired by MGM. Douglas signed Harris-Kubrick Pictures to a three-picture co-production deal with his film production company, which secured a financing and distribution deal for Paths of Glory and two subsequent films with United Artists. The film, shot in March 1957, follows a French army unit ordered on an impossible mission, and follows with a war trial of three soldiers.The men at Court Martial are being defended by Dax. For the battle scene, <mask> lined up six cameras one after the other along the boundary of no-man's land, with each camera capturing a specific field and numbered, and gave each of the hundreds of extras a number for the zone in which they would die. The Arriflex camera that <mask> used for the battle was zooming in on Douglas. Paths of Glory established him as an up-and-coming young filmmaker, and was his first significant commercial success. The film's unsentimental, spare, and unvarnished combat scenes were praised by critics. The Christmas release date was criticized and the subject was controversial in Europe. The film was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780In October 1957, after Paths of Glory had its world premiere in Germany, the Canadian church minister-turned-master-safecracker Herbert Wilsons's memoir, I Stole $16,000,000, was optioned by a production company. The picture was to be the second in the co-production deal between Harris-Kubrick Pictures, which <mask> was to write and direct, Harris to co-produce and Douglas to co-produce and star. The story editor for I Stole and the script for God Fearing Man were signed in 1957, but the picture was never filmed. The Authentic Death of Hendry Jones, a western novel by Charles Neider, was the subject of a contact between Brando and <mask>. Brando said thatStanley is perceptive and attentive to people. He is a creative thinker, not a fact-gatherer. He digests what he learns and brings to a new project an original point of view and a reserved passion.The two worked on a script for six months. Many disputes broke out over the project, and in the end, <mask> distanced himself from what would become One-Eyed Jacks. Kirk Douglas called <mask> in February 1959 to ask him to direct Spartacus, which was based on the historical Spartacus and the Third Servile War. The rights to the novel by Howard Fast were acquired by Douglas. The Roman general and politician Marcus Licinius Crassus was cast as a foe of Douglas's in the film. After firing Anthony Mann, Douglas hired <mask> to take over direction. At 31, he already directed four feature films and this was his largest by far, with a cast of over 10,000 and a budget of $6 million.At the time, this was the most expensive film ever made in America, and the youngest director in Hollywood history to make an epic. It was the first time that <mask> filmed using the 35mm horizontal Super Technirama process to achieve ultra-high definition, which allowed him to capture large panoramic scenes, including one with 8,000 trained soldiers from Spain representing the Roman army. There were disagreements during the filming of Spartacus. Not having full creative control over the artistic aspects was complained about by <mask>. Douglas was angry with <mask> when he cut all but two of his lines from the opening 30 minutes of the movie. The movie took $14.6 million at the box office in its first run. The film established <mask> as a major director, receiving six Academy Award nominations and winning four, and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDealsThe working relationship between Douglas and <mask> ended. Warner Bros. gave them complete control over the film due to the Eady plan, which allowed them to film in England. They signed a $1 million deal with a clause that gave them the artistic freedom they wanted. The story of a middle-aged college professor falling in love with a 12-year-old girl was adapted from a novel by Vladimir Nabokov. The film critic Gene Youngblood said that the film marked the turning point from a naturalistic cinema to the surrealism of the later films. While filming Peter Sellers with three cameras, Kubrick gave him one of his first opportunities to make fun of himself. Between October 1960 and March 1961, there was a $2 million budget for the film.At one point, he nearly fired at Winters, who was very difficult and demanding. The erotic aspect of the relationship between Mason's Humbert and Lyon's Lolita was removed from the film because of its provocative story. The film earned $3.7 million at the box office on its opening weekend. It has become critically acclaimed. How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb is a black comedy by Dr. Strangelove. As the Cold War unfolded in the 1950s, he worried that New York City might be a target for the Russians, so he considered moving to Australia. The whole situation was absurd after he studied over 40 military and political books on the subject.The author of Red Alert, Peter George, collaborated with <mask> on the script after buying the rights to the novel. It was originally written as a serious political thriller, but it was decided that a serious treatment of the subject would not be believable, and that some of its most important points would be fodder for comedy. James B. Harris went on to produce and direct the serious cold-war thriller The Bedford Incident because he thought the film should be serious. The idea of a film-within-a-film made by an alien intelligence was abandoned as a result of the reworked Red Alert script. Terry Southern, a noted journalist and satirical author, was hired by <mask> to transform the script into a black comedy, loaded with sexual innuendo, which became a film which showed <mask>'s talents as a "unique kind of absurdist" according to the film scholar. Southern made major contributions to the final script, and was co-credited in the film's opening titles; his perceived role in the writing later led to a public rift between <mask> and Peter George, who subsequently complained in a letter to Life magazine. Dr. Strangelove, a $2 million production which employed what became the "first important visual effects crew in the world", would be impossible to make in the U.S. for various technical and political reasons, forcing him to move production to England.It was shot in 15 weeks and finished in April 1963. Peter Sellers played three different roles in the film. The film stirred up a lot of controversy. The New York Times film critic Bosley Crowther worried that it was a "discredit and even contempt for our whole defense establishment". A satirist is someone who has a very skeptical view of human nature, but who still has the optimism to make a joke out of it. That joke might be brutal. The film is considered to be one of the best comedy films of all time, and holds a 98% rating on the Tomatoes.In 2010, it was named the sixth-best comedy film of all time by The Guardian, after being named the 39th-greatest American film and third-greatest American comedy film of all time by the American Film Institute. 2001: A Space Odyssey is a science fiction film about a superior alien race who assist mankind in eliminating their old selves. After meeting Clarke in New York City in April 1964, Kubrick made the suggestion to work on a short story about a monolith found on the Moon. The novel 2001: A Space Odyssey and a screenplay were written by the authors that year. The birthing of one intelligence by another is the theme of the film. One depicts evolution from ape to star child as man is reborn into a new existence, each step shepherded by an enigmatic alien intelligence seen only in its artifacts. Clancy Sigal described the character of the enemy in space as being "far, far more human, more humorous and possibly decent than anything else that may emerge from this far-seeing enterprise".The film was extensively researched, paying particular attention to accuracy and detail in what the future might look like. He was given permission by NASA to observe the craft being used in the Ranger 9 mission. Filming began on December 29, 1965, with the excavation of the monolith on the moon, and footage was shot in early 1967, with the ape scenes completed later that year. The special effects team worked until the end of the year to complete the film, which cost $10.5 million. 2001: A Space Odyssey was conceived as a Cinerama spectacle and was photographed in Super Panavision 70, giving the viewer a "dazzling mix of imagination and science" through ground-breaking effects, which earned <mask> his only personal Oscar, an Academy Award for visual effects. "On the deepest psychological level, the film's plot symbolized the search for God, and finally postulates what is little less than a scientific definition of God," said Kubrick in an interview with Rolling Stone. The documentary feelings about everything were necessary in order to undermine your built-in resistance to the poetical concept.Critics faulted the lack of dialog, slow pacing, and seemingly impenetrable storyline of A Space Odyssey, which was released in 2001. The film appeared to defy genre convention, much unlike any science-fiction movie before it, and clearly different from any of <mask>'s earlier works. The movie was called "the biggest amateur movie of them all" by Kael, who called it "really every dumb thing he ever wanted to do". 2001 earned over $30 million by the end of 1972 despite mixed reviews. It is a staple on All Time Top 10 lists and is considered to be one of the greatest and most influential films ever made. The film has been described as "one of the most admired and discussed creations in the history of cinema" and "the big bang of his film making generation" by Steven Spielberg. It placed <mask> as a pure artist ranked among the masters of cinema.After completing 2001: A Space Odyssey, Kubrick was looking for a project that he could film quickly. At the end of 1969 he settled on A Clockwork Orange, an exploration of violence and experimental rehabilitation by law enforcement authorities, based around the character of Alex. While they were working on Dr. Strangelove, Terry Southern gave them a copy of Anthony Burgess's novel of the same name, but they turned it down because it was too difficult to comprehend. In 1969 the New Hollywood movement was creating a lot of films that depicted the sexuality and rebellion of young people. The clockwork orange was shot on a budget of over two million dollars. In order to compromise between spectacle and intimacy, and to increase the beauty of his compositions, Kubrick abandoned his use of CinemaScope and preferred the 1.66:1 format. The film has a lot of "pop erotica" of the period, including a giant white plastic set of male genitals.If... was crucial to his casting as Alex, and he probably wouldn't have made the film if it wasn't for him. A Clockwork Orange became one of the most controversial films of its time because of its depiction of teenage violence. It received an X rating, or certificate, in both the UK and US just before Christmas 1971, though many critics saw much of the violence depicted in the film as satirical, and less violent than Straw Dogs, which had been released a month earlier. The film was not re-released in the UK until 2000 after it was pulled from release in the United Kingdom due to death threats. The censor of A Clockwork Orange thought it to be the most brilliant piece of cinematic art he'd ever seen, and believed it to present an "intellectual argument" rather than a "sadistic spectacle" in its depiction of violence. The New York Film Critics Circle named A Clockwork Orange the Best Film of 1971 despite the negative media hype over the film. <mask> is the best American film-maker of the year according to William Friedkin after he won Best Director for The French Connection.This year is the best, period. Barry Lyndon is an adaptation of William Makepeace Thackeray's The Luck of Barry Lyndon, a picaresque novel about the adventures of an 18th-century Irish rogue and social climber. John Calley of Warner Bros. agreed in 1972 to invest $2.5 million into the film if the film was successful. The art department conducted an enormous amount of research on the 18th century. Extensive photographs were taken of locations and artwork in particular, and paintings were meticulously replicated from works of the great masters of the period in the film. The film was shot in Ireland at a cost of $11 million with a cast and crew of 170. The decision to shoot in Ireland was due to the fact that it still has many buildings from the 18th century.Heavy rain and political unrest in Northern Ireland made the production problematic from the start. After receiving death threats from the IRA, he fled Ireland with his family on a ferry from Dn Laoghaire under an assumed identity and resumed filming in England. Barry Lyndon was the film which made <mask> notorious for paying scrupulous attention to detail, often demanding twenty or thirty re-enactments of the same scene to perfect his art. The cinematography and lighting techniques that John Alcott used in Barry Lyndon were innovative and often considered to be his most authentic looking picture. The interior scenes were shot with a specially adapted high-speed f/0.7 Zeiss camera lens. The images were created with two-dimensional, diffuse-light images reminiscent of 18th-century paintings. The method allows the audience to see the characters and scenes the same way they would have been seen in the past.The fight scenes were shot with a hand-held camera to produce a sense of documentary realism and immediacy. Barry Lyndon was a box office flop in the US, grossing just $9.5 million and not even close to the $30 million Warner Bros. needed to make a profit. Barry Lyndon was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won four, including Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, and Best Musical Score, more than any other <mask> film. Barry Lyndon''s reputation has grown through the years and it is now considered to be one of his best films. It has been rated one of the greatest films ever made by a number of polls. It has a rating of 94% on the Tomatoes. It was referred to as "one of the most beautiful films ever made" by Roger Ebert and "technically awesome, emotionally distant, remorseless in its doubt of human goodness".Jack Nicholson plays a writer who takes a job as a winter janitor at an isolated hotel in the Rockies. He spends the winter there with his wife and young son, who has psychic abilities. Jack's descent into madness was confronted by both of them during their stay. Nicholson was responsible for the 'Here's Johnny!' because of the freedom that Kubrick gave his actors. He's sitting at the typewriter and unleashing his anger on his wife. Up to 70 or 80 re-enactments of the same scene were demanded by Kubrick. He was forced to perform the baseball bat scene 127 times.The bar scene was shot 36 times and the kitchen scene ran to 148 takes. The interiors of the hotel were shot at Elstree Studios in England between May 1978 and April 1979 while the aerial shots were shot at Timberline Lodge on Mount Hood in Oregon. Four months of electrical wiring was required for the lighting of all the sets of the film, which were made of cardboard. The use of the weight-balanced camera support, called the Steadicam, allowed for smooth hand-held camera movement in scenes where a conventional camera track was impractical. It was the first picture to use its full potential. The

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