texts: Malthusian theories of population and their use to decry state provision for the poor led to the opposition of <mask>, a British Conservative Member of Parliament. <mask> entered the British House of Commons at the request of the 4th Duke of Newcastle, who was returned by the pocket town of Newark as an 'Ultra' opponent of Catholic emancipation, but he devoted much effort in Parliament to urging the extension of the Poor Law to Ireland. The minimum age and maximum working hours of children in the textile industry were regulated in the last session of the House of Commons. Evidence from witnesses on overwork and ill-treatment of factory children was heard by the Select Committee. The Reform Act did not result in any legislation before or after the election. The leadership of the factory reform movement was passed on. The effect of the evidence gathered by the Select Committee was to convince the public that new factory legislation was needed but that it should be based on sound evidence.When he died, his work on Ireland, population, and poverty were mentioned, but only his ten-hour bill was remembered. The son of a local squire, <mask> was born in Snelston, Derbyshire, on 3 January 1780, and according to tradition his family came from Warwickshire. When he was elected an MP, he was said to have a broad Yorkshire accent. He moved to Yorkshire to work with his older brother after his father died. According to his biographer, <mask> was lucky to have competent partners as his mind, nature, and that he gave up the retail trade and went into partnership with the widow of an importer of Irish linen. He had always entertained a decided preference for the Church of England, but after his marriage he became more regular and undeviating in his attendance on her ordinances. There was no indication of the nature of the pre-marital deviations.An Apology for Methodists was written in 1797 and the Leeds Mercury published a letter from a Methodist dignitary advising Methodists not to vote for him because he was not active in the anti-slavery cause. A correspondent in the Intelligencer said that Benjamin had once been a Methodist circuit-steward but denied that <mask> had ever been a Methodist. Dissenters objected to paying for the established church, and were therefore in favor of any reform which might address this, and opposed to any steps which might increase the burden. Dissenters passed a motion at the vestry meeting forbidding any expenditure by the parish on the new churches, and then voted out the churchwarden in the middle of his term in office. The vestry meeting shouted down the man who tried to discourage them. He commanded a company in the local volunteers and visited the sick and destitute as a member of the 'Stranger', but his interests were mostly outside of business. The last activities gave him a familiarity with the habits, the wants, and the sufferings of the poor, and a concern with them which stayed with him for the rest of his days.He was strongly opposed to Catholic Emancipation and became active in politics. He wrote a pamphlet First Letter to a Reformer in order to counter the argument that corruption and the power of the Crown were increasing and should be decreased. He delivered a course of lectures on the Poor Laws to the Leeds Literary and Philosophical Society. He believed that the orthodox authorities of the age on economics and poverty tended to destroy traditional society. He told a political dinner that he wanted to extend the degree of human happiness to the greatest number of human beings. Our duties are plain, and fortunately for mankind, duty and interest are always found inseparably connected. He argued against the conventional wisdom for the establishment of poor laws in Ireland and denied that the ills of Ireland were due to over population.The 'Reds' and the 'Yellows' were chosen by a coalition of local landed interests to return 2 MPs to parliament. The 4th Duke of Newcastle's policy of evicting tenants who voted for the 'Blues' was supported by the vote for these candidates. General Sir William Henry Clinton GCB was one of Newark's MPs in the 19th century. He was a lieutenant-general under the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula. Despite his previous opposition to Catholic Emancipation, Robert Peel became convinced that granting it was the only safe way to diffuse the situation in Ireland, despite the fact that Wellington had formed a government from the opponents. The Catholic Relief Bill was brought in by Wellington's government. Clinton offered to resign as an MP for Newark because he couldn't vote against the Bill.Clinton's resignation was accepted without consulting his allies. Again without consulting them, he searched for Clinton's replacement, and eventually found a good public speaker with hard-line views. He moved a petition to be sent to Parliament against any relief of Catholic disabilities. The Protestant cause has been associated with the British nation. They should never be separated. To give up the power it seeks to recover, to give up the influence it would infalllibly exert, would be to diminish the fabric of that happy constitution, built by the wisdom and blood of our ancestors. He held that no man is properly qualified to fulfill the duties of any important office whose religion is not founded upon the sacred book of God, who does not derive his faith from that only source.In the by-election following Clinton's resignation, the Blue opponent was against electoral tyranny as evidenced by the fact that he was imposed on the borough without consultation: the candidate (or rather the selection process) had become the issue. At the General Election of 1830, the Blue candidate was ahead of the Red candidate by 94 votes and the Yellows were less willing to support the Red candidate. In order to ensure that his election would be ensured, it was thought that he should stand for Aldborough, which had less than 80 electors, rather than Newark, which had more. The Duke's candidates were always returned. The man who stood with him, Clinton James Fynes-Clinton, was re-elected as the representatives for Aldborough. The first major speech in the House of Commons was against the Second Reading of the Catholic Relief Bill. The speech was well received, but it was quickly concluded that he wouldn't get a government post under George IV because of his lack of social polish.His performance against the Third Reading was described as the most perfect specimen of a canting Methodist I have ever seen by his opponent. In March 1830, Hansard recorded mockery by a colleague which the House apparently thought was a "hit". The loud and general burst of laughter that followed this sentence prevented us from hearing it. Member finished the encomium here. He made an argument in Parliament that the English Poor Law system should be extended to Ireland, which had no Poor Laws at that time. He said that the selection of MPs for the committee had ensured a built-in majority for opponents of the Irish Poor Law, so he declined to give evidence. The introduction of Irish Poor Laws was described in a speech as a measure of justice, policy and mercy.Every human being who the Providence of God has placed upon earth has a claim to relief when his honest labour is no longer needed, and it is not denied by any jurist in the world. He was described as "this philanthropic gentleman, whose great exertions to alleviate the condition of the poor of the sister isle will never be forgotten". The Poor Law system in Ireland was based on the New Poor Law of 1834, which was based on the Elizabethan Poor Law system. His argument for a Poor Law supporting the poor ran contrary to the advice of orthodox political economists of the day, who held with Malthus. The statistics quoted in support of Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population were not sound. He concluded that the birthrate per hundred marriages was lower in the more densely populated counties because they had a higher standard of living. TheProlificness of human beings, otherwise similarly circumstanced, varies inversely as their numbers in a large book of the same name.<mask> Macaulay wrote in the Edinburgh Review that he did not expect a good book from Mr. <mask> and that he had given us a very bad one. The manner in which his treatise is described is extraordinary. His arrangement is confused and he has a style which it shouldn't be. Instead of saying what he has to say with the perspicuity, the precision, and the simplicity in which consists the eloquence proper to scientific writing, he indulges without measure in vague, bombastic declamation, made up of those fine things which boys of fifteen admire, and which every The inverse relationship in the technical/accurate meaning of the term, but rather a mild tailing off of fecundity at higher population densities which did not invalidate Malthus, was attacked by the author. The pamphlet showed that Macaulay had misrepresented the content of the book. In June of 1832, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.Defence of his patron's power in Newark was strengthened by his holding of Crown lands in the neighbourhood, which had come into his family by being granted by a previous Duke of Newcastle. In reply to an invitation to the meeting in Newark, he asked "Is it presumed, then, that I am not to do what I will with my own?". It didn't take much ill- will to get him to mean his tenants' votes when he said "the properties he leased to his tenants, but it did not take too much ill- will to get him to mean his tenants' votes." He spoke in defence of his patron in the Commons debate. <mask> denied that he had admitted in his speech that he owed his return for Newark to the Duke. The Catholic Relief Bill passed, but the Conservative Ultras withdrew their support from the Wellington administration, which then fell. The Whigs came to power and were committed to Parliamentary Reform, which included sweeping away many of the 'rotten boroughs'.There were separate Bills for England, Scotland, and Ireland in the 'Reform Bill'. The English Bill went first; it passed its Second Reading, but upon it entering Committee stage, the first amendment to the Bill deploring the reduction in the number of English MPs. The General Election was called after the Bill was withdrawn. The Whigs retained power

masks:
Michael Thomas Sadler
Michael Sadler
Michael
Michael
Michael
Thomas Babington
Sadler
Sadler


type: paraphrased

texts: and introduced a revised Reform Bill, which eventually passed the House of Commons. At the Committee stage, he spoke against the Reform Bill, but with revised boundaries, he was no longer in the pocket of the Duke of Newcastle. He made more speeches on Irish poverty and Irish Poor Laws during the time he spoke on the Reform Bill. The debate on Irish Poor Laws was held on the next sitting day after Sir Robert Peel appealed to members to "avoid every other business which should interfere with the progress of the Reform Bill".He moved the first reading of a bill to improve the lot of the labouring poor by building cottages with land attached and letting them at an economic rent. Both sides of the House agreed that in any reformed House of Commons Manchester and Leeds should be represented, and in September 1831 <mask> was approached by the Conservatives to stand as their candidate in the election that would follow the passage of the Bill. The second Reform Bill was rejected by the House of Commons in October of 1831. For the relief of the Irish poor, for bettering the condition of the manufacturing poor, and for regulating the labour of children in factories were some of the Bills that were given advance notice. Parliament reassembled before Christmas after attempts to form a Conservative government failed. The 'labouring poor' Bill was not resuscitated, instead he announced his intention to bring in a Bill regulating the Labour of Children in Mills and Factories. The third Reform Bill took up most of the parliamentary time in the late 18th century."That all householders paying taxes, shall have a vote for the respective Members to be chosen in the next, and every succeeding Parliament," was the only recorded speech in the Reform Bill debates. Every one above the rank of a pauper was entitled to the elective franchise. I did not vote for Hunt's amendment. Extending the existing Factory Acts to other textile industries and reducing the working hours of children in the industries legislated for were some of his efforts. Sir Robert Peel, the father of the Sir Robert Peel leading the Tories in the Commons, introduced a Bill in the 19th century that would apply to all children in textile mills and factories. Children between the ages of ten and eighteen were not allowed to work more than ten hours a day. The Act was passed in 1819 and only applied to children in cotton mills and factories.Children between the ages of nine and sixteen were not allowed to work more than twelve hours a day. The Bill to reduce the working day for children in cotton mills to eleven hours was introduced in 1824 but was defeated by organised opposition. There was considerable opposition to the idea of applying the cotton mills Factory Acts to all textile mills, and the Act was passed only to cotton mills. He was absent from Parliament because of ill-health, but still attended to speak on the Third Reading of the bill, regretting its reduced scope and referring to a petition in its favour from Dundee spinners to whom it was now irrelevant. A network of 'Short Time Committees' grew up in the textile districts of Yorkshire and Lancashire, working for a 'ten-hour day Act' for children, with many millhands in the Ten Hour Movement hoping that this would in practice also limit the adult working day. According to witnesses to one of the Committees taking evidence on Peel's Bill, there were few millworkers over forty years of age, and that they themselves expected to have to stop work at that age because of the pace of the mill. If a Bill matching the aims of the Short Time Committees was to be put forward, Richard Oastler was advised by Hobhouse that he had got as much as he could.Oastler said that a failure with a Ten Hour Bill would not hurt its friends. It will only spur them on to greater exertions, and will undoubtedly lead to certain success. The ban on nightwork up to 21 was retained, no child under nine was to be employed, and the working day for under-eights was to be no more than ten hours. All textile industries were subject to these restrictions. The Reform Bill took precedence over all other legislation when the Second Reading debate on it took place in March of 1832. Many supporters of the Bill wanted the subject to be considered by a Select Committee, despite warnings from Peel and Sir George that the Bill was too ambitious. "If the present Bill was referred to one, it would not become a law this Session, and the necessity of legislating was so apparent, that he was unwilling to submit to the delay of a Committee, when he considered they could obtain no new evidence on the subject."In his speech at Second Reading, he argued that a Committee was unnecessary, but concluded that he had not convinced the House or the Government of this, and that the Bill would be referred to a Select Committee. Lord Althorp said that the speech made a strong case for considering legislation, but thought it did little to support the details of the bill. There was no chance of the Factories Regulation Act being passed before Parliament was dissolved. On the understanding that opponents of the Bill would have their say, <mask> was made chairman of the committee, which allowed him to make his case by hearing evidence from witnesses of his selection. When the procedure of progressing his Bill without waiting for the committee's report was objected to by other MPs, he withdrew the Bill. The minutes of evidence were ordered to be printed after the chairman of the committee reported them. After Parliament was prorogued, <mask> gave notice of his intention to introduce a Ten-Hour Bill in the next session.<mask> Macaulay was a Whig politician of national standing and John Marshall was a reviewer for the Edinburgh Review. Marshall's father had become a millionaire by developing the spinning of flax by machinery, but as a Dissenter he was not allowed to become a magistrate. Marshall's father was the Sheriff of Cumberland and the Member of Parliament for Yorkshire. The witnesses who testified for the committee were children who had been ill-treated at a mill in Shrewsbury owned by the Marshalls and then employed as young as six years old. The candidates declared their views on factory legislation as they were escorted to the meeting by a procession organised by the local Short-Time Committee. Marshall held that no great injury would come to children working cotton-mill hours in a well-regulated mill, but that it would be well for Parliament to reduce the working week to 65 or 66 hours. Macaulay supported regulation in principle, but he had not yet seen enough evidence to make a decision on the appropriate limits.These exchanges have been used to show that the campaign was a hard fight which was mostly about the factory question. It may have been a factor, as Richard Oastler later said that the efforts of the factory children had "offended some of the Tories in the area". There were substantive differences between the candidates on church rates, the Corn Laws and close corporations; these were supplemented by repeated claims by Whig supporters that <mask>'s declared views on other issues were not his real views; he pretended to be the friend of the candidate. Macaulay likened him to the Hyaena, who imitates the cries of little children, when it wishes to decoy the unwary into its den. . The 'hard fight' descended into personality, with the accusation that <mask> had deserted Methodism for Anglicanism from worldly motives and now despised Methodists being repeated, countered by the assertion that no orthodox Christian should vote for Marshall or Macaulay as they were both Socinians. The conclusion was that the bill should be revived.The leading spokesman in Parliament for the factory reform movement was replaced by the eldest son of the 6th Earl of Shaftesbury. Since witnesses had not testified on oath, the report was unbalanced and there were doubts about the accuracy of the more lurid accounts of factory life. An air of ridicule and extravagance had been thrown not upon factory legislation, but upon the use of Select Committees for fact- finding on factory conditions. A commission was set up to investigate. The Short Time Committees tried to obstruct the work of the Commissioners. When the main recommendations of the commission were not yet available to MPs, the Bill proceeded to a Second Reading and was defeated by Lord Althorp's amendment. The first point where the Bill differed from the commission's was the age at which hours of work should be limited, and it was left to Althorp to pilot through a Factory Act based upon the commission'.Macaulay intended to resign his seat in Parliament in the autumn of 1834 and a by-election was imminent. It was assumed that he would be the candidate. There was a by-election. Since Captain Wood had converted to Catholicism and was advised that it was unlikely that he would win the by-election, the Whig MP was opposed only by the Radical. Wood told his supporters to invite <mask> to stand as a Conservative. Whig papers published allegations by John Foster, a former editor. The legal costs of preparing to defend a libel action bankrupted the Radical paper which supported the Ten-Hour movement.Foster said that he had been promised that the Ten-Hour committee would pay all his legal costs and hadn't done so; that <mask> had promised before the election to pay a handsome price for the Patriot and that money collected for the Ten-Hour. There were policy differences between the Conservatives and the Radicals. The Ten-Hour Bill was removed as a cause behind which they could easily unite because of the attitude to the Corn Laws and the passage of the Factory Act. Wood was persuaded to stand as the candidate by the Huddersfield Radicals because they refused to support <mask>. The successful Whig candidate won the election with over 200 votes. He declined the invitation to stand at the by-election, which was the last election he stood in. He was buried in Ballylesson churchyard after his death in 1835.There is a statue of <mask> in St George's Fields. Minor works include The Law of Population: A Treatise in Six Books and the Report of the Select Committee on his Factory Regulation Bill. The Factory Girl's Last Day 1780 births, 1835 deaths, and Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English

masks:
Sadler
Sadler
Sadler
Thomas Babington
Sadler
Sadler
Sadler
Sadler
Sadler
Sadler


texts: <mask> was an English cartoonist, satirist, comedian, actor and performer who co-founded the satirical magazine Private Eye. <mask> was the only child of <mask> and his Welsh wife Veronica and was born in 1937. He met his future Private Eye colleagues at the school where he was not academically successful. The satirical magazine The Wallopian poked fun at school spirit, traditions and the masters. He said he didn't remember much of his schooldays except Blandings country. The kind of place you die in, not to be educated. Rushton failed officer selection after two years of national service in the army.He said that the Army is one of the funniest institutions on the planet. It's in the class system. The basic wit of my fellow man was discovered through serving in the ranks. He worked in a solicitors office after leaving the army. Private Eye and the satire boom Rushton remained in contact with his friends, who had added John Wells to their number and were now running their own humor magazines at Oxford, Parsons Pleasure and Mesopotamia, to which Rushton made many contributions during his frequent visits. A cartoon of a giraffe in a bar saying "The high balls are on me" was not approved by everyone in the university administrative quarters. Rushton thought that Mesopotamia could continue after they left university.He was a clerk and had been sending his cartoons to Punch but they had not been accepted. He gave up his job as a clerk after he was knocked over by a bus. Rushton found a place at the Liberal News, which was also employing Christopher Booker as a journalist, after almost being accepted by Tribune, a Labour-supporting newspaper edited by Michael Foot, Paul's uncle. From June 1960 until March 1961, he contributed a weekly strip, "Brimstone Belcher", following the exploits of the eponymous journalist, who was a fore-runner of Private Eyes Lunchtime O'Booze. Rushton continued to contribute a weekly political cartoon to the Liberal News after the strip folded. The first issue of Private Eye was published in October of 1961. Rushton used Letraset and cow-gumming illustrations on cards which were taken away to be photo-lithographed.The mast-head figure of Little Gnitty, who still appears on the cover, is a blended caricature of John Wells and the Daily Express standard-head. Rushton thought the lay-out of the magazine looked like a betting shop floor. He was able to work in a lot of puns and background jokes with the "Aesop Revisited", a full-page comic strip. Peter Cook contributed two serials about the adventures of Sir Basil Nardly-Stoads and the Rhandi Phurr, which were illustrated by Rushton, as well as "Mrs Wilson's Diary". The team worked on two books, Private Eye on London and Private Eye's Romantic England, that used his cartooning talents. <mask>'s Dirty Weekend Book, a collection of cartoons, was banned in Ireland. <mask>'s taste for acting had been reawakened by his reunion with his friends.He and his friends went to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe after they finished university. One night, Richard Burton appeared in a parody of Luther. Kenneth Tynan hailed Rushton as "brilliant" in a production of The Bed-Sitting Room directed by Richard Ingrams. The Room at the Top, a chicken-in-a-basket nightclub at the top of a department store, really launched his career. Rushton met the Kray twins in the audience and Barbara Windsor wouldn't come out for a drink that night. John Wells starred in the revue. <mask>'s portrayal of the Prime Minister caught the attention of a young producer who was looking for talent to appear in a TV satire series."That was the week that was" ran from November 1962 to December 1963. It drew up to 13 million viewers and made stars of its cast. Rushton was known for his impersonation of the Prime Minister. I'm very grateful to the old bugger for his impersonation, it's the only one that people have ever actually recognised. He owed me something because I voted for him. Rushton had success with two self-penned songs on the original flexi-discs of skits and invective that Private Eye gave away. Many of the songs he wrote for TW3 are on later solo albums like Now in Bottles and The Complete Works.In the fall of 1963, a health scare led to the resignation of the Prime Minister. It was necessary for Douglas- Home to step down from his peerage. The Private Eye team decided to stand their own candidate in the by-election because they were so disgusted by the Conservative Party's actions. <mask> was the most well-known member of the team. <mask> stood under the slogan "Death to the Tories". He advised his supporters at the last minute to vote Liberal, the only credible challenger to the Conservatives. Douglas- Home won.When TW3 was canceled, <mask> and some of the cast went on tour in America, including future Goodies Tim Brooke-Taylor and Bill Oddie. <mask> and Barry Fantoni entered a painting titled Nude Reclining, a satirical portrait of three establishment types, for the 1963 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition under the name of Stuart Harris, which caused a lot of controversy. He began his career as a character actor. <mask> was involved as one of the hosts in the early episodes of Not So Much a Programme, but it was the vehicle that launched David Frost as a chat show host. A cartoon advert he created for the Brewers' Society proclaiming the charms of the local pub was proof that he was a personality. <mask> hosted New Stars and Garters in 1965, where he first met Dorgan. He was a guest on Not Only...Also with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore. Rushton spent a lot of his time in Australia following Dorgan back to her homeland. He married her in 1968. From Rushton with Love was one of the series he had on Australian television. He said of Australia, "They've got their priorities right, they're dedicated to lying in the sun, knocking back ice-cold beer". He was a model for She magazine and also appeared in a stage production of Treasure Island with Spike Milligan and Barry Humphries. He brought Tony's ashes back to the UK in an Air France bag on his return to the UK in 1968.He appeared in a number of films, including Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines, Monte Carlo or Bust, and The Best House in London. He played Tim Brooke-Taylor's gay husband in Sharon Tate's last film before her murder, The Thirteen Chairs, as well as appearing in sex comedies such as Keep It Up Downstairs. Big Teddy in Consuming Passions was his final film appearance. The Persuaders!, Colditz, and Up Pompeii! were all episodes he appeared in as a TV actor in the 1970s. The narrator is Plautus. He was the doctor in the movie Elementary, My Dear Watson. He played the irascible briadier in Tales from a Long Room, as well as appearing in a number of well-received pantomimes.Liz of Lambeth was written by <mask> in 1976. Who is Tallulah? In 1991, with Suzi Quatro. He was able to contribute seven humorous, spoken word pieces for the Tale of Ale. <mask>'s Illustrated was his last major solo TV project. He was a regular on quiz shows and celebrity panel games. He said that he appeared on the programmes because he met everyone there.He was a regular on the third series of I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue and was a panellist for 22 years. The 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He and Barry Cryer toured the country with their show Two old Farts in the Night until Rushton's death. He played a policeman on the children's show Little Big Time with Freddie Garrity and his helmet had a blue flashing light. Rushton was in constant demand for voice-overs and presenting jobs because of his manner and voice. He read Winnie the Pooh for the Jackanory in the mid-1970s. He provided the voices for the claymation animated series The Trap Door.He narrated audio books for children. He recorded 18 books by the Rev. The Railway Stories series was written by W.Awdry. The voice of the King in the early animated Muzzy films was provided by him. He wrote and illustrated a series of children's books about "The Incredible Cottage" in the early 1980s. The last time Rushton was involved in Private Eye was when the Labour Party came back into power in the mid-1970s. He returned to Private Eye in 1978 to take over the job of illustrating "Auberon Waugh's Diary".<mask> drew at Waugh's instructions when he moved his column to The Daily Telegraph as the "Way of the World" in 1990. The Victoria and Albert Museum commissioned 24 large colour illustrations of <mask>'s great moments of history. When Rushton pulled a prank on the V&A, he put a plug hole in one of the galleries. The annoyance of a cleaner who had to use a heavy extension lead for a year so as not to damage the exhibit was what made it stay for a full year. This large-scale excursion into the use of colour was good practice for the monthly colour covers he created for the Literary Review. <mask> drew 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 Rushton listed his recreations in Who's Who as "gaining weight, losing weight and parking", and in 1973, he was the host of a Slimming programme.His father's death from diabetes was his first major health scare. Rushton became grumpy as a result of giving up beer, but his grumpiness had an admirable and jaunty quality to it. He was unable to play in Prince Rainier's XI at Monte Carlo due to a loss of three stone. Rushton was a big fan of cricket. His father sent him to teach at Lord's. His cricket and general knowledge were called upon in his role as a regular team captain on the quiz show, which ran from 1986 to 1993. Rushton played in the Lord's Taverners, a charity celebrity cricket team.He performed in The Secret Policeman's Biggest Ball. His act consisted of singing "Top Hat, White Tie and Tails" and acting out the lyrics, which left him standing in a top hat, white tie, and tails. His cartoons were part of an exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery. <mask> died of a heart attack in 1996 at the age of 59. He predicted this ten years ago on I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue. In the first episode of Series 13, the Chairman asked the panellists to "gaze into their crystal balls" and make predictions for 1996. Rushton apologized because he spotted a memorial service for himself in the abbey.He told Bazza to tell Barry Cryer that he was too old to do a pantomime. The game I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue is a reference to <mask> being honoured by a blue plaque at the tube station. His contribution to I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue was shown in the week of the 10th anniversary of his death. He recorded the last shows for the programme. The boundary of The Oval Cricket Ground was where Rushton's ashes were buried. The Day of the Grocer by <mask> is a filmography novel. A preview of the new heir to the throne, <mask>.Queen's English: High Tawk PraWPah-leah is a book written by Queen's English author <mask>. The Compleat Cricketer Jonathan Rice is illustrated by Rushton. The Shrimp Street Gang and The Geranium of Flt <mask> are illustrations only. The Stupid Tiger And Other Tales Raychaudhuri, Upendrakishore, and Talbot Jon are all Rushton illustrations. An Old Tale is illustrated by Rushton while How To Keep Dinosaurs is only illustrated by Rushton. Comic Cuts: A Bedside Sampler of Censorship in Action was written by Richard Findlater. "World's Work" is the title of the book by Duckworth Vedah Hamon Moody.Frank Ward wrote Unarmed Gardening and I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue. How can I annoy you? R.T. Fishall was written by Sidgwick and Jackson. Health for Hooligans Sandy Fawkes and I Could Have Kicked myself. A Memorable History of England Since The War To End All Wars was written by Ned Sherrin and Neil Shand. If You'll Believe That... David Frost is the author of If You'll Believe That... But I Digress: The Collected Monologues of Ramblin'Ronnie Corbett was written by David Renwick.Agreeable World of Wallace Arnold Craig Brown (Fourth Estate, 1990) Soft Targets From The Weekend Guardian: Poems Simon Rae. Barry Cryer was born in 2003 There are several references to items in this article. The University of Kent has a gallery of <mask> cartoons.

masks:
William George Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Willie Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Willie Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
Rushton
William Rushton
William Rushton
William Rushton
William Rushton
Willie Rushton


texts: <mask> and Giordana were Italian actors and film directors. He made 155 appearances in film and television over the course of 60 years. In the 1950s he directed and wrote a film called Three Strangers in Rome, which was the first leading role forClaudia Cardinale. Adua e le compagne, directed by Antonio Pietrangeli, is one of his notable roles. The filmography Torna is ideal. Wealth Without a Future was written by Francesco Paolo Tosti. Giuseppe Amore imperiale (1941) and Mario Document Z-2 (1942) are examples of the compositore Giacomo Varni Eternal Melodies.Lerchmann Mater dolorosa, Giorgio della Valle L'amico dell donne, and De Simerose La storia di una capinera were mentioned. The Goddess of Love was written by Professor Charpentier Marie Antoinette Queen of France. The Primary L'et del malessere was released in 1968. Rossini! The song "Dott" was written in 1991. Onorevele Mariotti External links 1913 births 1998 deaths Actors from Genoa Italian male film actors Italian film directors Nastro d'Argento winners


texts: The Muslim Umayyad conquest of Spain and Portugal was initiated by riq ibn Ziyd, a Berber Umayyad commander. He consolidated his troops at the Rock of Gibraltar after crossing the Strait of Gibraltar from the North African coast. The Spanish name for the mountain of riq is "Gibraltar", which means "mountain of riq" in Arabic. Historians give conflicting data about riq's origins. Some conclusions about his personality and the circumstances of his entry into al-Andalus are uncertain. Most modern sources state that riq was a mawla of the Umayyad governor of Ifriqiya. The riq governor of Tangier was appointed after its conquest in 710-711, but an unconquered Visigothic outpost remained nearby.The custom was that after Roderic came to power, he sent his daughter to the court of the Visigothic king for education. It is said that the Muslims were incensed by the rape and decided to bring down the kingdom. He entered into a treaty with riq to secretly convoy the Muslim army across the Straits of Gibraltar, as he owned a number of merchant ships and had his own forts on the Spanish mainland. On April 26, 711, the army of riq <mask>, composed of recent converts to Islam, was landed on the Iberian peninsula. They went to the foothills of a mountain which was named after him. riq's army contained about 7,000 soldiers, mostly from the Berber stock, but also Arab troops. The army was said to be 100,000, but the real number may be much lower.Most of the army was commanded by the sons of Wittiza. Roderic was defeated and killed at the Battle of Guadalete by riq. While he remained at the head of the division which captured Toledo, riq <mask> split his army into four divisions and captured Crdoba under Mughith al-Rumi. He continued northward, reaching Guadalajara and Astorga. riq was in charge of Hispania until Ms arrived. Within a few years, riq and Musa had captured two-thirds of the Iberian peninsula from the Visigoths, thanks to riq's success. The Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I ordered riq and Musa back to Damascus, where they spent the rest of their lives.The son of Musa, who took command of the troops of al-Andalus, was killed in 716. There is a definite division of opinion about the relationship between riq and Musa bin Nusayr. Ms had anger and envy when he realized that his freedman had conquered an entire country. Others don't mention or play down the bad blood. Al-Baladhuri wrote in the 9th century that Ms wrote riq a "severe letter" and that the two were later reconciled. In The Breath of Perfume, a 16th-century historian attributes a long speech by riq to his troops before the Battle of Guadalete. Pascual de Gayangos y Arce is the History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain.vol. 1. 1840. There is an English translation of al- Maqqari. The Origins of the Islamic State is an English translation of al-Baladhuri, Kitab Futuh al-Buldan. Anon., Akhbr majma f fath al-andals. The Arabic text was edited with a Spanish translation.Madrid was founded in 1867. Anon is a Chronicle. Kitab Futuh Misr wa'l Maghrib wa'l Andalus is named after Ibn Abd al-Hakam. The whole work was published in a critical Arabic edition. "Conquista de Africa del Norte y de Espana", Textos Medievales #17, Valencia, 1966 is a Spanish translation of the Arabic text. The obsolete 19th-century English translation of the Medieval Sourcebook: The Islamic conquest of Spain is preferred. There was not a paginated version of 30 1998.Kitab nuzhat al-mushtaq was written by Muhammad al-Idrisi. There is a critical edition of the Arabic text. There is an ed. Bombaci, A. et al., 9 Fascicles. The Istituto Universitario Orientale is in Naples. The French translation is. Nujum al-zahira fi muluk Misr wa'l-Qahira was written by Ibn Taghribirdi."En-Nodjoum ez-Zhra" is a partial French translation by E. Fagnan. Extraits relatifs. The recueil des Notices et Mémoires was published in 1907. Wafayt al-ayn wa-anb az-zamn was written by Ibn Khallikan. The Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland was founded in 1843. Idhari, Kitb al-bayn al-mughrib f khbr mulk al-andalus wa'l-maghrib. There is an Arabic text ed.G.S. Histoire de l'Espagne intitulée Kitb al-Bayn al-Mughrib was written by Colin and E. Lévi-Provenal. Pascual de Gayangos y Arce is the History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain. vol. 1. 1840. There is an English translation of al- Maqqari.Modern historians still cite this translation. The Breath of Perfumes contains an address to his soldiers by Tarik. The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East contains a translation of al- Maqqari's work. The book is called Medieval Arabia. 24–42. The translator is not identified. The online extract doesn't include the warning, but it does show the tradition of the words.The older Arabic traditions of exact service had faded in Al Maggari's day. The Moors were no longer scientists or critical historians. The Islamic Conquest of Spain 7th-century births 720 deaths Generals of the Umayyad Caliphate 8th-century Al-Andalus people were in Gibraltar.

masks:
Bin Ziyad
Bin Ziyad


texts: <mask> is an American lawyer who has spent her career addressing international human rights and racial discrimination. She is a scholar at the Leitner Center on International Law and Justice. From 1994 to 2006 she was the Executive Director of Global Rights, Partners for Justice. She was the first United Nations Independent Expert on Minority Issues. <mask> was born in 1947 to Louis and <mask>. Her parents were a high school math teacher and a hospital cook. She grew up in Atlanta.In 1965, she graduated from Booker T. Washington High School. <mask> was banned from public places as a child. She was the first black student at the college when she finished high school. She said: "We believed that our situation was uniquely tragic, and we looked to the international community with the hope that somehow the world beyond this country operated on different rules." After two years at Agnes Scott, she transferred to a college in Vermont. She received her masters degree in public international law from the London School of Economics and Politics. She joined the New York City corporate law firm of Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons & Gates after graduating from Yale Law School.In 1998, she was first elected to serve as an independent expert on the United Nations treaty body that oversees the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms. She was the first American to be elected to the body of 18 international experts who oversee compliance by governments worldwide with the obligations established under the treaty. She was in office for four years from 1998 to 2001. She served on the Committee for a term that began on January 20, 2016 and ended on January 19, 2020 after being elected to another four-year term on the Committee in June 2015. She was a member of the committee. She was elected to serve a four-year term as a member of the U.N. Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities of the Human Rights commission. She presented a study to the United Nations Sub-Commission on Human Rights that called for international legal standards for prosecuting acts of systematic rape and sexual slavery.The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights visited Sierra Leone to assess the impact of the civil war on civilians. One of the five international members of the Independent Electoral Commission in South Africa helped organize and administer the country's first non-racial elections. She was the director of the Southern African Project of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law from 1980 until early 1994 and gave direct assistance to the defense of thousands of political prisoners in South Africa. The year-long process to independence mandated by the U.N. was monitored by a bipartisan group of 31 Americans. The Commission forced changes to the voter registration and election laws because they threatened the fairness of the election process. In 1999 she was awarded a MacArthur Foundation fellowship for her work on behalf of international human rights. She has degrees from Georgetown University Law Center, the University of Witwatersrand (South Africa), the School of Law of the City University of New York, and the School of Advanced Study, University of London.The National Coalition of 100 Black Women gave a Candace Award to <mask> in 1990. Senior Scholars 2002, Institute for Policy Studies Board Member, Africare Board Member, CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere) Board Member, Global Fund for Women Advisory Council, Realizing Rights Executive Council, American University's College of Law are other positions.

masks:
Gay Johnson McDougall
Gay Johnson McDougall
Inez Gay Johnson
Gay
McDougall


texts: The 1st Marquis of Pombal and the 1st Count of Oeiras were both Portuguese. A liberal reformer influenced by the Age of Enlightenment, Pombal led Portugal's recovery from the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and modernized the kingdom's administrative, economic, and ecclesiastical institutions. Pombal was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The son of a country squire and nephew of a prominent cleric, Pombal enlisted in the Portuguese Army after studying at the University of Coimbra. In 1733, after eloping with a nobleman's niece, Pombal retired to his family's estates. He was appointed King John V's ambassador to Great Britain in 1738 with the help of his uncle. He served as ambassador to Austria from 1745 to 1749.<mask> was appointed Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs when <mask> ascended to the throne. By 1755, <mask> was the king's defacto chief minister, despite opposition from the hereditary Portuguese nobility. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, one of the deadliest earthquakes in history, was managed by Pombal, who maintained public order, organized relief efforts, and supervised the capital's reconstruction. The Tvora affair of 1759 resulted in the execution of leading members of the aristocratic party and allowed Pombal to suppress the Society of Jesus. In 1759, <mask> gave the title of Count of Oeiras to Pombal. A leading estrangeirado strongly influenced by his observations of British commercial and domestic policy, Pombal implemented sweeping commercial reforms, establishing a system of companies and guilds governing each industry. The Douro wine region was created to regulate the production and trade of port wine.The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, which successfully defended Portugal from Spanish invasion during the Seven Years' War, was maintained by Pombal despite his desire to decrease Portuguese reliance on Great Britain. The prohibition of the import of black slaves within Portugal and Portuguese India was one of the liberal domestic policies enacted by Pombal. Despite these reforms, Pombal governed autocratically, curtailing individual liberties, suppressing political opposition, and fostering the slave trade to Brazil. Following the accession of Queen Maria I in 1777, Pombal was stripped of his offices and exiled to his estates, where he died in 1782. The son of a country squire and his wife were both born in Lisbon. His uncle was a professor at the University of Coimbra. After graduating from the University of Coimbra, he served in the army for a short time before returning to study.He married the niece of the Count of Arcos in Lisbon. She married him against her family's wishes. Her parents made life difficult for the young couple. In 1734, <mask> was admitted to a royal historical society. In 1740, <mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society after receiving his first public appointment as the Portuguese ambassador to Great Britain. The author says that <mask> <mask> used his influence to investigate the causes, techniques, and mechanisms of British commercial and naval power. He was the Portuguese ambassador to Austria in 1745.After his first wife died, <mask> <mask> of Austria arranged for him to marry the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshall, Count von Daun. John V recalled him in 1749. <mask> of Portugal was crowned king after John V's death. The Queen <mask> approved of <mask>'s appointment of Pombal as Minister of Foreign Affairs. The King gave him more control of the state as his confidence in him increased. He was appointed Prime Minister by the King by 1755. Pombal was impressed by English economic success and implemented similar policies in Portugal.He abolished slavery in Portugal and the Portuguese colonies in India, reorganised the army and the navy, and ended the discrimination against New Christians that had converted to Christianity. The Pombaline Reforms were a series of reforms intended to make Portugal an economically self-sufficient and commercially strong nation, by means of expanding Brazilian territory, streamlining the administration of colonial Brazil, and fiscal and economic reforms both in the colony and in Portugal. Portugal was considered small and unprogressive during the Age of Enlightenment. Three million people lived in the country in the 17th century. The economy of Portugal before the reforms was relatively stable, though it had become dependent on Brazil for much of its economic support, and England for much of its manufacturing support. The majority of Portugal's exports went through expatriate merchants like the English port wine shippers and French businessmen like <mask> Ratton. The need to grow a manufacturing sector in Portugal was made more important by the excessive spending of the Portuguese crown, the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, and the exhaustion of gold mines and diamond mines in Brazil.The creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity was one of his greatest reforms. The second attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe was made by him when he created the Douro Wine Company, which demarcated the Douro wine region for production of Port. He ruled with a heavy hand, imposing strict laws on all classes of Portuguese society, from the high nobility to the poor working class, and through his review of the country's tax system. The reforms gained him enemies in the upper classes, especially the high nobility, who disliked him as a social upstart. Pombal expelled the Jesuits in 1759, created the basis for secular public primary and secondary schools, introduced Vocational training, created hundreds of new teaching posts, and added departments of mathematics and natural sciences to the University of Coimbra. On the morning of 1 November 1755, Lisbon was awakened by a violent earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9 on the <mask> scale. The city was destroyed by the earthquake.After surviving a stroke of luck, <mask> immediately took upon the task of rebuilding the city, with his famous quote: "What now?" The dead are buried and the living are healed. Within less than a year, Lisbon was partially rebuilt after the calamity. The new central area of Lisbon was designed by a group of architects specifically to resist earthquakes, using a new construction method, "caging", which consisted of a wooden framework erected in the early stages of construction, giving the building a better chance of withstanding an earthquake. Architectural models were built for tests to see how an earthquake would affect them. The Pombaline Downtown of Lisbon is home to the world's first earthquake-resistant buildings. The Parochial Memories of 1758 was designed by Pombal and was sent to every parish in the country.The questionnaire asked if dogs or other animals behaved strangely prior to the earthquake, if there was a noticeable difference in the rise or fall of the water level in wells, and how many buildings had been destroyed. Modern Portuguese scientists have been able to reconstruct the event using the answers. The marquis was the first to attempt an objective scientific description of the broad causes and consequences of an earthquake. Spain entered the Seven Years' War in 1761 to prevent the British from taking over. The Treaty of Windsor made Portugal Britain's closest ally. Spanish and French envoys were sent to Lisbon to demand that the King and Pombal cease all trade with Britain or face war. The Bourbon ultimatum was rejected by the King and <mask>, who wanted to make Portugal less dependent on Britain.Spain sent troops across the border to capture Porto, but they were repelled by the guerrillas and had to abandon their conquests. The Spanish general, Nicols <mask>, lost the confidence of the Spanish King and was replaced by Count of Aranda. In the second invasion of Lower Beira, a Franco-Spanish army was initially successful in capturing Almeida and several almost undefended fortresses, but they were soon ground to a halt by a small Anglo-Portuguese force. 7,104 British troops were sent together with William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe and military staff to organize the Portuguese Army after Pombal sent urgent messages to London. The Franco-Spanish army was destroyed in the battles of Valencia de Alcntara and Vila Velha because of a scorched earth tactic coupled with guerrilla actions in the Spanish Logistic lines. The Spanish headquarters in Castelo Branco was taken by a Portuguese force under Townshend, and all the strongholds that had previously been occupied by the Bourbon invaders were retaken. There were defeats in Ouguela, Marvo and Codiceira during the third Spanish offensive in the Alentejo.Several men were captured by the allies after the invaders were chased back into Spain. According to a report sent to the British government by the British ambassador in Portugal, the Bourbon armies suffered 30,000 casualties during their invasion of Portugal. All of the territory taken from Portugal in South America in 1763 was returned to Spain in the Treaty of Paris. In the Hispano-Portuguese war of the 17th century, the territory of Rio Grande do Sul was reconquered from Spain, along with present-day Roraima. During the Seven Years' War, Portugal conquered most of the Rio Negro Valley and defeated the Spanish in the battle of Santa. Portugal was able to keep their territorial gains. Despite the crucial British assistance, Pombal began to be more concerned about the rise of British power.He was alarmed by the ease with which the British took Havana and Manila from Spain and he suspected they were interested in acquiring Brazil. The Society of Jesus, also known as the "Jesuits", had a grip on Pombal because he had lived outside of Portugal in Vienna and London. He was familiar with the anti-Jesuit tradition of Britain and had made friends with a man who was an adversary of the Austrian Jesuits. As prime minister <mask> engaged the Jesuits in a propaganda war, which was watched closely by the rest of Europe, he launched a number of conspiracy theories regarding the order's desire for power. The Society of Jesus was accused of treason and attempted regicide, a major public relations catastrophe for the order, during the Tvora affair. The Society's role in trying to protect Native Americans in the Portuguese and Spanish colonies resulted in the so-called Guarani War, in which the tribesmen were halved by Spanish and Portuguese troops. The population of the seven missions in the Guarani was about 15,000 less than in the 17th century.The Jesuit missions were occupied by the Portuguese until 1759. <mask>'s brother was the chief inquisitor and used the inquisition against the Jesuits. The Jesuits were suppressed throughout Europe and its colonies in 1773 after <mask> XIV issued a bull to suppress the order. After the earthquake, <mask> gave his Prime Minister even more authority, and <mask> became a powerful, progressive dictator. Bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent as his power grew. <mask> was wounded in an assassination attempt when he returned from a visit to his mistress. After a quick trial, the Tvora family and the Duke of Aveiro were executed.The Jesuits were expelled from Portugal in 1759 because of long-standing tensions between the crown and Jesuits. Jesuit assets were taken over by the crown. The Jesuits' independence, power, wealth, control of education, and ties to Rome made them targets for Pombal's brand of extreme regalism. Every person involved, even women and children, was prosecuted by Pombal. The Prime Minister's victory against his enemies was ensured by this final stroke. Count of Oeiras was made by <mask> I in 1759. The new Count of Oeiras had no opposition.He ruled Portugal until <mask>'s death in 1777. Pombalia, a group of flowering plants from America, was published in 1741. King <mask>'s daughter and successor, Queen Maria I of Portugal, hated Pombal. She was influenced by the Jesuits and after ascending to the throne, she withdrew all his political offices. One of the first restraining orders of its kind, she ordered Pombal not to be more than 20 miles away from her. He had to leave his house to fulfill the royal decree if she were to travel near his estates. The Queen is said to have had fits of rage when she heard about Pombal.<mask> designed the palace that Pombal built. The palace had formal French gardens and Portuguese glazed tile walls. There were waterworks in the vineyards. <mask> died on his estate. One of Lisbon's busiest squares and the busiest underground station is named after him, as he was a controversial figure in his own era. There is a statue of the Marquis next to a lion in the square. His grandson was the 1st Duke of Saldanha.There is a list of marquises in Portugal Precedence among European monarchies. Cartas outras obras selectas do <mask> <mask>mbal. <mask>stage, Edgar. ed. The links between Portugal and the United Kingdom are in the Catholic Encyclopedia.

masks:
Pombal
Joseph I
Pombal
Joseph
Pombal
Pombal
Carvalho
e Melo
Mary Anne
Josepha
Joseph I
Mother
Joseph I
Jcome
Richter
Pombal
Pombal
de Carvajal
Pombal
Pombal
Pope Clement
Joseph I
Pombal
Joseph I
Joseph
Joseph I
Joseph
Carlos Mardel
Pombal
Marquez
de Po
Pre


texts: The 3rd Earl of Chester was a Norman magnate. He made his career in England because of his kinship with Hugh d'Avranches, the Earl of Chester, and his marriage to Lucy, granddaughter of the Bolingbroke. In the far north-west of England, in Cumberland and Westmorland, he served as a kind of semi-independent governor for the English king. After the death of his cousin Richard d'Avranches in the White ship Disaster, the earl of the county of Chester was born. He held this position for the rest of his life and passed it on to his son. There were two different families of viscounts in Normandy, and both of them were tied to Henry, son of William the Conqueror. He was styled le Meschin, "the younger", due to the fact that he was his father's son.The Bessin is located around Bayeux. The most powerful magnate in the Bessin region of Normandy was the father of the bishop of Bayeux. Le Meschin's paternal great-grandfather, Anschitil, is known to have married a daughter of Duke Richard III. Margaret was the daughter of <mask> Goz. Between 1017 and 1025, Richard's father became a viscount of the Hiémois, while Richard himself became a viscount of the Avranchin. Hugh d'Avranches "Lupus" was Richard Goz's son and viscount of the Avranchin and Earl of Chester. The heir to the Bessin was also the nephew of one of Norman England's most powerful and prestigious families.An entry in the Durham Liber Vitae shows that a younger brother named William was related to an older brother named Richard. He had a sister who married a man named Robert de Grandmesnil. According to C. Warren Hollister, Prince Henry and his father, the Elder, were friends from the time they were young in western Normandy. According to Hollister, Robert Curthose may have had a role in freeing Henry from captivity in 1089. The last and earliest appearance in historical records of <mask> junior is dated to 24 April 1089 in the charter of Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, to Bayeux. "Ranulf son of the viscount" is what appears to be the name of the man. The foundation charter of Chester Abbey was granted by Hugh Lupus, earl of Chester, and purportedly issued in 1093.His attestation is written with the signature of the nephew of the earl. The editor of the Chester comital charters thought that the charter was forged during the time of Earl <mask> II. When he became the third husband of Lucy, a descendant of the honour of Bolingbroke in Lincolnshire, he became a major English landowner. The lordship of Appleby in Westmorland was previously held by Ivo <mask>. Marriage to a great heiress came only with royal patronage, which meant that they had to be respected and trusted by the king. Among the earliest and most loyal of Henry's followers was his son, and he was noted as such by Orderic Vitalis. The king's closest group of administrative advisers did not include <mask>, and he was not recorded often at the court of Henry I.He became earl and witnessed charters more often. He was one of several justiciars at York in 1106 who heard a case about the lordship of Ripon. In 1116 he is recorded in a similar situation. One of the king's military companions was <mask>. After hearing of a planned invasion of England by his brother, Henry sought promises from his subjects to defend the kingdom. The men of Lincolnshire were told in a letter that there were four figures who would collect the oaths. King Henry invaded Duke Robert's Norman territory in the 11th century.One of Henry's commanders at the Battle of Tinchebrai was also an officer of the royal household. The first line of Henry's force was led by Ranulf, the second by Robert of Meulan, and the third by William de Warrene. The men of Bayeux, Avranches and Coutances were part of the line. The Lord of Cumberland was a model for Robert's new lordship, according to a charter issued by David I, King of the Scots. Robert is known from other sources to have acted with semi-regal authority in this region. A source claims that the jurors of Cumberland remembered the name of the Lord of Cumberland as quondam dominus Cumberland. The dignity of a semi-independent earl in the region could be seen in the fact that he lacked the formal status of being called such.An example of this authority can be found in the records of Wetheral Priory, where a man named "Richer" is found addressing his own sheriff. During his time in charge of Cumberland and Westmorland, there was no royal activity. Ivo <mask>, when he married Lucy, had acquired her Lincolnshire lands, but after 1086 he acquired estates in Kendal and elsewhere in Westmorland. A territorial division between Roger the Poitevin and Ivo probably caused the later boundary between the two counties. The Norman lordship in the heartland of Cumberland can be dated from 1092, when King William Rufus seized the region from its previous ruler. There is no conclusive evidence that settlers from Ivo's lands came to Cumberland. Lucy was married to Roger fitz Gerold de Roumare between 1094 and 1098, and it is probable that this marriage was the king's way of transferring authority in the region to Roger fitz Gerold.We do not have evidence that this authority came to the area before Henry I. According to the historian <mask>, the authority of the region was not established until after the Battle of Tinchebrai. Richard Sharpe believes that the view probably came in after 1098. Lucy was the mechanism by which this authority changed hands, and she could be found months before Tinchebrai took evidence from county jurors at York, which may have been responsible for Cumbria at this point. The Benedictine monastic house was founded by Ranulf after he gave land to the church. Ivo <mask> generously endowed the house that he established as a daughter-house of St Mary's Abbey, York. Abbot Stephen of St Mary's died in 1112 and was named in the foundation deed.St Mary and the Holy Trinity, as well as another saint named Constantine, were dedicated to the priory of Wetheral. There are two churches at Appleby, St Lawrences and St Michaels. The record of the jurors of Cumberland dating to 1212 claimed that the incoming regional magnate had created two baronies in the region. Robert de Trevers' brother-in-law was given the barony of Burgh-by-Sands. He tried to give the large barony of Gilsland to his brother William, but failed to take over the native lord, the "Gille" son of Boite. Kirklinton may have been given to the sheriff. The year of Earl of Chester 1120 was a turning point in Henry I's life.The earl of Chester, Richard, died in the White ship disaster. Four days before the disaster, Richard and his cousin had witnessed a charter together. The Welsh were under the leadership of Gruffudd ap Cynan when Henry replaced Richard. The Welsh killed and burned two castles after Richard's death. Perhaps because of his recognised military ability and social strength, and because he was the closest male relation to Earl Richard, Henry recognized him as Richard's successor to the county of Chester. Henry sent his bastard son, Robert, Earl of Gloucester, to strengthen the garrisons in Normandy with a large number of knights. The county of vreux was ruled by William Clito, Robert Curthose's son and heir.The Count of Meulan, <mask>, was captured in March of 1124. Scouts told Ranulf that <mask>ran's forces were going to go to Vatteville and that he was going to intercept them. <mask>ran was captured in a battle at Rougemontier. During the rule of his predecessors, the cantref of Tegeingl was included in the holdings of the earl of Chester. One of the least developed counties in England was one quarter of the value of the honour. In order to strengthen its position on the Anglo-Welsh border, the estates elsewhere were given to the earls. The lordship's wealth and attractiveness should have been supplemented by the possibility of conquest in Wales, but the English king tried to keep the Welsh princes under his control.It's not clear how much of his other lands he gave up as a result of his accession, but it's possible. It's likely that Cumberland was given up at this point, as King Henry ordered the strengthening of the castle in December of 1122. According to Hollister, Henry received the Bolingbroke lands in exchange for his earldom. According to the historian A. Thacker, Henry I forced the surrender of most of the Bolingbroke lands because he was afraid that he would become too powerful. The king's son may have had to sell a lot of land in order to pay the whole fee, as he succeeded his father to Chester, according to Sharpe. Hollister thought that Henry's forgiveness for non-payment was a form of royal patronage, and that the debt was normal feudal relief expected to be paid on a large honour. He was buried in Chester Abbey.His wife and son succeeded him. The lord in the Anglo-Welsh marches was married to a daughter. King Afonso I of Portugal granted the Lordship of Azambuja to one of his sons who participated in the Siege of Lisbon. William Langland's Piers Plowman suggests that his career had some claim on the popular imagination. The lazy priest confessed: "I know not parfitly my Paternoster as the preest it singeth." <mask>, the 3rd Earl of Norman warriors, was born in 1070.

masks:
Richard le
Ranulf
Ranulf
Taillebois
Ranulf
Ranulf
Taillebois
William Kapelle
Taillebois
Waleran
Wale
Wale
Chester


texts: <mask> was an Irish-born American actor who appeared in more than 300 movies. <mask> was born in County Meath, Ireland, and he was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Along with his parents, John and <mask>, brothers Tom, Matt, and Joe, and sister Mary, he moved to the United States as a steerage passenger on the S.S. Anchoria. The <mask> family was inspected on Ellis Island in 1896 and settled in Toledo, Ohio. <mask> and his siblings went on to have successful careers in motion pictures. <mask> married a young Canadian actress named Gladys Smith on January 7, 1911. Their marriage was kept a secret because of her opposition.Mary Pickford became <mask>'s stage name. He co- starred in a number of Victor Studios films with Florence Lawrence. Mary Pickford joined the Independent Moving Pictures to replace Florence Lawrence. <mask> was signed by the owner of IMP, Carl Laemmle, as part of the deal. With this humiliation and his wife's rise to fame, alcohol became a problem that led to violent behavior and his physically abusing Pickford. Pickford met an actor in 1916. Pickford filed for divorce from <mask> after she agreed to his $100,000 demand.Pickford and Fairbanks were married. Lewis J. Selznick was the father of producer David O. Selznick and agent Myron Selznick. He was one of the stars at Selznick Pictures along with Olive Thomas, Elaine Hammerstein and Eugene O'Brien. He appeared in films for his own production company. <mask> married a second time in 1921. <mask> became a supporting actor for newer stars as his career declined with the advent of sound film. He competed with Cary Grant and Noah Beery, Jr. for the attentions of Mae West in She Done Him Wrong, Paramount's most lucrative film of 1933.His last film appearance was as a movie director in the 1937 drama A Star Is Born, a movie about a former film star who turned to alcohol, much like himself at that time. <mask> died of a heart attack in Beverly Hills, California, and was buried in East Los Angeles, California. <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. As Dennis Shawn Money Talks, he played Sam Starling in The Road to Mandalay, and as Dennis The Taxi Dancer, he played Lee Rogers in Women Love Diamonds. Dennis O' Farrell What a Widow was played by Dan Egan. As Lookalike Bartender 1 Hush Money, as Harry 'Fingers' O'Dell Extravagance, as Jim Hamilton, and as Tony B.

masks:
Owen Moore
Moore
Rose Anna Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Gladys Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore


texts: The founder and CEO of election.com, which ran the first legally binding election in the world in 2000, is the CEO of Chimes Broadcasting. The founder of SpiralFrog, an ad-supported free music service, was a force in creating the era of free legal music, as he was the one who secured the rights to free music distribution from the major record labels in return for a share of the advertising revenues. Baseball World Series television revenues are at risk unless the schedule is changed. The oldest child of <mask> and Virginia Ann Kelly was born in New York City in 1935. One of the first full time staff of any motion picture studio, James Morris, was hired by Adolph Zukor in 1912 at Famous Players, making sets for the silent films at Chelsea Studios in Manhattan. In 1960, the family moved to Garden City on Long Island. He was a captain of the Cross Country and Track teams in high school.He was offered a track scholarship to the University of Ohio, which he declined, but instead chose to attend the University of Baltimore, where he studied Mathematics and Biochemistry, and Manhattan College in New York City, where he studied Business. After working for Chase Bank on Wall Street, he became an officer at Citibank at the age of 24. In 1985 he became a Certified Computer Professional in Systems Development, having worked as a software engineer for six years. He founded Proginet Corporation in 1996 and served as CEO until September 1996. XCOM was one of the software products that spanned more than eleven computer operating systems and was created by Proginet. The renamed CA-XCOM was sold. As CEO of Proginet, he secured equity stakes from both Microsoft and Novell.In 1989 he wrote a widely quoted article, "Seeking a Cure for the Vaporware Epidemic", for PC Week (now eWeek), Data Communications Magazine, and Network World. Vendors that are unwilling to prove it exists shouldn't announce their packages to the press. There were representatives from computer and telecommunications organizations from around the world on the committee that set standards for Open Systems Interconnections Protocols. Jack Kemp and the former Irish Prime Minister were recruited by election.com. The Prime Minister has been appointed to the board. The 2000 Arizona Democratic presidential primary Internet election was administered by election.com. Votation.com was started with equity investments from VeriSign and Accenture.NewVoter.com was acquired by election.com in February of 2004, with Mark Strama joining as Vice President. During the second week of March 2000, election.com administered the Arizona Democratic Presidential Primary, which was the first time in American history that a statewide election offered citizens the choice to cast their ballots over the web. Vice President Al Gore, Senator Bill Bradley, and Dr. Heather Harder were the candidates. Voter turnout was up more than 500% compared to the previous primary, and more than double the previous record turnout. The Internet Corporation for Assigning Names and Numbers (ICANN), the technical coordination body for the internet, chose election.com to run their worldwide vote for their board of directors. Voters came from all over the world. Election.com was named to the Red Herring 100 and the top 50 Private Companies list.The CEO of election.com stepped down in 2001. The public sector elections business of election.com was acquired by Accenture. ParishPay was founded in 2001 to automate Catholic Church finance. The company replaced the envelope system with a system in which parish members could have their donations automatically deducted from their bank or credit card accounts each month. After signing the Catholic Dioceses of Chicago, San Jose, and Orlando, the system was featured in a front page story in the New York Times. ParishPay was sold to Yapstone in April 2012 after it was merged with SmartTuition. SpiralFrog started to create a solution to digital music piracy.A focus group was held in New York City to find a solution to the problem of young people stealing music. One of the attendees in the focus group said, "Why don't you just give away the music and show advertising during the downloads?" Universal Music Group, the largest music company, was thought to be the only one that would go along with the idea. Former CEOs recruited included Jay Bernman and Robin Kent. The Financial Times reported on August 28, 2006 that it had granted SpiralFrog the first ever license to give away its complete catalog of music to consumers for free, in return for a share of advertising revenues. "This is really promising that the labels are going to finally stop kvetching and start thinking about where their money's going to come from in the 21st century," said Aram Sinnreich, of Radar Research, being quoted in the Los Angeles Times. SpiralFrog is a small step for the record labels.While SpiralFrog service was one of the earliest free internet music services to be supported by advertising instead of charging users, it used a temporary download model which was not compatible with Apple or Android devices. The launch of SpiralFrog was delayed due to technical and licensing delays. A spectacular corporate takeover attempt by Robin Kent, the British advertising executive who had been recruited by <mask> the year before, was reported in the press. Most industry watchers believed that SpiralFrog.com would never launch, despite the fact that it was the winner in the boxing day massacre. He insisted that he would overcome the obstacles to launch the site. He went on to sign all remaining major music publishers, finance the company with exchangeable debt, and finally launch SpiralFrog.com on September 17, 2007. The catalog of the British music company EMI was added to SpiralFrog in June of 2008.The collapse of the stock market in September 2008 left SpiralFrog unable to meet its obligations. SpiralFrog was vulnerable to the credit crisis because it was debt-financed as opposed to equity-financed, and its backers were hedge funds who were facing huge redemptions. SpiralFrog was forced to close after its loans were called. While other free ad-supported music services that came later did succeed, the SpiralFrog download model limited the number of devices on which SpiralFrog could be used, and ultimately prevented its long term success. A group of people, including Dana Fields, purchased a fashion magazine for young women that focused on street fashion and merged it with a digital media company. He served as an adviser after he became interim CEO of the combined company. It was significant because it laid the foundation for the transformation of a traditional media print business into one that was primarily digital, because of the young demographic of its audience, and because of the focus of the new management team.The Holographic Operating System is the developer of the systems management software. It has the world's first platform dedicated to managing holographic tourist attractions, fashion shows, retail locations, and television; it also acquired music meta databases and began repurposing them to manage holographic music media assets. The company pioneered research into the sector. He spoke at the Light Field and Holographic Display Summit in 2019. The keynote address at the Interop Conference in Washington in 1993 and an address to the South African Technology leadership in Pretoria in 1990 were given by awards. He won three Long Island Software Awards. He was a member of the National Association of Corporate Directors Blue Ribbon Commission on Corporate Governance.Microsoft announced in September 2000 that it had broken the previous record for the TPS benchmark forScalable systems. He was a member of the Interactive Advertising Bureau's broadband committee. David Cancel, David Hauser, and Jean-Sebastien Cournoyer were among the Entrepreneur Mentors selected by FounderFuel. Two Op Ed pieces were published in Ad Age and Computerworld. Text book publishers were chastised for failing to make all the text books available in electronic form, while the vendor claimed that a new advertising technology was over-hyped. Major League Baseball has a charity that keeps minority and underprivileged youth active in sports. He ran the Long Island, New York chapter of Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities, a non-profit organization that combines young people from minority and affluent neighborhoods on the same baseball teams, and combines the teaching.In 2006 and 2007, he organized a number of baseball tournaments in the Dominican Republic, and in July 2010 he helped organize the first Governor's tee ball game at the Executive Mansion in Albany, New York. There are references to American chief executives in the media industry.

masks:
Joseph Conrad Mohen
Mohen


texts: He was a historian and journalist from the region of Macedonia. Between 1903 and 1905, he published a book and a scientific magazine in which he affirmed the existence of a Macedonian national identity, and attempted to codify a standard Macedonian language based on the central Western Macedonian dialects. <mask> was found to be the most significant Macedonian of the 20th century. He is considered the founder of the modern Macedonian literary language for his efforts to codify a standard Macedonian language. The 2006 discovery of his diary, where he advocated pro-Bulgarian views, sparked off a controversy in Skopje. In 1905 he began publishing mostly articles written from a nationalist perspective. He was a member of the local parliament in Bessarabia during the First World War.Macedonian nationalism was reverted to <mask> in 1919. He encouraged the Macedonian Slavs to adopt a Bulgaria national identity during the 1920s. The Ministry of Education gave financial support for <mask>'s burial in the Central Cemetery. <mask>'s national affiliation and legacy is a matter of dispute between Bulgaria and North Macedonia because he expressed conflicting views about the Macedonian Slavs at different points in his life. There have been attempts to reconcile the conflicting and self-contradictory statements made by Misirkov. According to historian Ivo Banac, <mask> believed that he and the Slavs of Macedonia were both from Bulgaria. <mask> called himself and the Slavs of Macedonia, Macedonians, in order to get both cultural and national differences from the other Bulgarias.The village of Postol in the Salonica Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire was where <mask> Petkov <mask> was born. The bad financial situation of his family made it impossible for him to continue his education after he left the local Greek school. The Serbian government began to promote pro-Serbian Macedonian nationalism and recruit young people in order to "Serbianize" them. <mask> received a scholarship from the Serbian association, "The Society of St. Sava". The promotion of pro-Serbian ideas and propaganda was the main goal of the education provided by the Society of St. Sava. The Macedonian students were forced to participate in a students protest and revolt against the Society of St. Sava because of the politics practiced by the association. <mask> and his friends moved from Belgrade to Sofia.He was confronted with pro-Bulgarian propaganda in Bulgaria. <mask> was rejected by the Society of St. Sava because of his involvement in the protests against it. He was forced to enroll in a theological school because he was willing to get higher education. Similar to the Society of St. Sava, this school had its own propagandistic goals which resulted in another revolt of the students. The students were sent throughout Serbia after the school ended its programs. He was sent to abac, where he finished his fourth course of secondary education, but this time in the local gymnasium, which was his last course. In order to be accepted in the educational system in Serbia and Bulgaria, <mask> and his friend had to be treated as Serbs or Bulgarias.After graduating from the gymnasium, <mask> went to another secondary school for teachers in Belgrade, where he graduated in 1895. The association of students called "Vardar" was founded in 1893. His qualifications were not recognized in Russia. The Seminary at Poltava was where <mask> had to study. He entered the Saint Petersburg Imperial University in 1897. He entered the association at first. In 1897 I went to Petrograd University and was a member of the Bulgaria Student Society for five years.The members of the Russian Imperial Geographical Society were lectured on the history of the Balkan Peninsula by <mask>. On November 15, 1900, <mask>, a third year student in the Faculty of History and Philosophy, along with other students in Russia, created a students circle in Saint Petersburg. The main objective of the circle was political autonomy of the populations of Macedonia and Thrace, declared by IMRO, and implemented by the Great Powers. In a letter sent to the President of the Supreme Macedonian- Adrianople Committee on 28 November of the same year, the founders of the circle stated that there is no Bulgaria who is not interested in the situation and fate of that part of our homeland. The people of Macedonia and Thrace were considered to be from Bulgaria. <mask> left for Ottoman Macedonia after abandoning the university. Facing financial obstacles to continue his postgraduate education, he accepted the proposal of the Bulgarian Exarchate to be appointed teacher in one of the high schools in Bitola.He befriended the Russian diplomat in Bitola. The Ilinden Uprising in 1903 and the assassination of the Russian Consul changed his plans and he returned to Russia. There were different articles published in Russia about the Ilinden Uprising and the reasons why the Consul was killed. He wrote and published a brochure called "The Macedonian Matters". The book was written in the Central Macedonian dialect and was attacked in his writings by the Ilinden Uprising and the Internal Macedonian- Adrianople Revolutionary Organization. It is thought that the members of IMRO destroyed a lot of copies of his book. Dame Gruev, Gotse Delchev, Boris Sarafov, and other IMRO members had to flee as they were considered by the officials to be anti-Bulgarian and/or Macedonian nationalists.He moved to Berdiansk in Southern Russia in 1905. He was given a post as an assistant master in the school. The author of "The Macedonian Matters" had pro-Bulgarian views in many of his next articles after 1905, but this may have been the result of threats made against him. The magazine "Macedonian- Adrianople Review" was edited by the IMRO's defacto organ, the "Macedonian-Adrianople Review", on 18 April 1907. <mask>'s work about the South Slavic epic legends was published in 1909. The article "The foundations of a Serbian-Bulgarian rapprochement" was published in the magazine "Bulgarian Collection" on 1 October 1909. <mask> was invited to attend the Slavic Festival in 1910 as its guest of honor.He translated the book of Prof. Atanas Ishirkov from Bulgaria to Russian. <mask> was a Russian war correspondent when the First Balkan War began. He could follow military operations in Macedonia. The Ottomans should be driven out of Macedonia according to some articles published in the Russian press. After the Second Balkan War, <mask> went back to Russia, where he worked as a teacher in the Bulgaria language schools. He was the teacher of the school in Chiinu. <mask> was a teacher in Chiinu when he sent a letter to Teodorov-Balan requesting to be assigned as a professor.That request clearly indicates his self-identification at that time, and a shorter letter was sent to another professor at the university. The journal "Makedonski glas" was published in Russian by the Macedonian Scientific and Literary Society. "K. Pelski" was the author of this magazine for some time. The Macedonian community in Russia, as well as issues surrounding the Macedonian people as a whole, were written about in the journal. Macedonian ideals were defended and written about in the "Voice of Macedonia" by <mask>. After the outbreak of the First World War, Bessarabia became a democratic republic and was elected a member of the local parliament Sfatul rii. <mask> was a secretary in the educational commission in Bessarabia.In March 1918, unification between Bessarabia and Romania was declared. On May 21, 1918, <mask> opened a language course in Bolhrad. After returning from a trip to Bulgaria in order to procure textbooks for the students, he was arrested by the Kingdom of Romania and extradited to Bulgaria. The head of the Historical Department of the National Museum of Ethnography in the late 19th century was <mask>, who was expelled from Bulgaria at the end of 1918. He was a teacher and director of high schools in Karlovo. After he met with a representative of the organization, the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization reconsidered their decision to assassinate <mask>. He published many articles on the Macedonian Question in the press.The Ministry of Education gave 5000 levs to help bury <mask> in the graveyards in Sofia. <mask> wrote one book, one diary, published one issue of a magazine, and wrote more than thirty articles in his life. His book "On the Macedonian Matters" was published in 1903. The magazine was published in the Russian Empire. <mask>'s articles have been published in different newspapers and they were focused on different topics. The book, magazine and a number of his articles were written in the Central Macedonian dialects, which are the basis of Modern Macedonian. The Macedonian book "On the Macedonian Matters" is one of the most important works of <mask>.The book was written in Macedonian dialects. The establishment of national institutions within the Ottoman empire, as well as the standardization of a Macedonian language, were in favor of national separation. The Internal Macedonian- Adrianople Revolutionary Organization was attacked by <mask> as an agent of the Bulgaria interests in Macedonia. According to the book, the Macedonian literary language should be based on dialects from the central part of Macedonia. The Ottoman authorities were appealed to for recognition of a Macedonian nation. There was no independent Macedonian state, and most of the Macedonian Slavs called themselves Bulgaria as a result of Ottoman religious classifications, but it should be created when the necessary historical circumstances arise. <mask> is the author of the first scientific magazine in Macedonian.The magazine was published in the Russian Empire. The magazine was only published once because of the financial problems that <mask> was facing. The orthography used for "Vardar" is almost the same as the orthography of standard Macedonian. The magazine was supposed to cover a lot of different scientific disciplines. <mask> wrote many articles for newspapers and magazines. The articles deal with Macedonia, Macedonian culture, ethnology, politics and nation on one hand and with the Bulgaria nation, politics and ethnography on the other. <mask>'s articles were either published in Russia or in Bulgaria.The majority of the articles were signed by his birth name. A diary written by <mask> during his stay in Russia in 1913 was discovered. It was published in 2008 and was declared authentic by experts. The diary shows that <mask> was a nationalist at the time. There has been a new public discussion over <mask>'s stances. The manuscript is written in Russian. The author lived and worked in the village of Klimentove.There are excerpts from the Russian press of that time. Misirkov tried to determine the border between the Serbo-Croatian and Bulgaria languages in several publications. The population in Pomoravlje is made up of people from both Bulgaria and Greece. The so-called Bugarstici are a result of the influence of Bulgaria on the Serbian folk music. The idea of a separate Macedonian ethnicity was promoted by small circles of intellectuals during the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Most of the Slavic people in Macedonia considered themselves to be Bulgaria in line with Ottoman classification. Misirkov had differing statements about the ethnic makeup of the Slavs living in Macedonia.There is a view of <mask> in Bulgaria. He was influenced by the ideas of Prof. Novakovi when he was a student at the University. Novakovi promoted Serbian interests in the region of Macedonia. The Macedonian Scientific and Literary Society was established because of Novakovi's diplomatic activity in St. Petersburg. The Serbian theory about the "floating mass" of the "Macedonian Slavs" was rejected by <mask> after 1906. Even though he wrote about the existence of a separate Macedonian nation in his book, he argued that the Slavic population of Macedonia was not a formless paste. He identified himself as Macedonian Bulgaria in his diary from 1913.The post- WW II Yugoslavian Communist regime is believed to have altered his writings to support the idea of a Macedonian nation. <mask> was a teacher in Russia and a deputy in Bessarabia before he died, and he lived and worked in Bulgaria until his death. Despite defending the cause of Bulgaria's nationalism, <mask> switched from one country to another during the 1920s. After the break up of Yugoslavia, there have been arguments about the identity of <mask> in the Republic of Macedonia. <mask> is the most prominent Macedonian publicist and linguist who set the principles of the standard Macedonian in the early 20th century. He identifies the Macedonians as a separate nation in some of his writings. The author of the first scientific magazine in Macedonian is considered to be the greatest Macedonian of the 20th century because of his contributions to the Macedonian national cause.Many books and scientific works have been published in his honor and the Institute for Macedonian language is named after him. There is no debate about <mask>'s ethnicity in Macedonia since he is seen as Macedonian in most of his writings. Since he was not allowed to live and work in Macedonia, he was forced to stay in Bulgaria, where he got a citizenship that he needed for his job. According to Macedonian historians and linguists, <mask>'s signature under the phrase "Macedonian Bulgaria" means nothing but a Macedonian person with a Macedonian citizenship in a political sense, or just a Macedonian person living in Bulgaria. However, the fact is that <mask> gained Bulgaria's citizenship after World War I, which is contrary to the claims of Macedonian historians. On the other hand, some Macedonian scholars, like PhD Vlado Popovski, the academician Blae Ristovski and others, say that <mask>'s usage of the term "Macedonian Bulgaria" was only a tactic, because in 1914 and many times after that There is a History of the Macedonian language Institute for Macedonian language " Krste Misirkov".His book, magazine and articles have a complete text. "Vardar" is a magazine. "On Macedonian matters" is a complete text. "On Macedonian matters" is a scanned version of the original book. "On Macedonian Matters" is a complete text. On line interactive site about <mask>'s life and work. "On Macedonian Matters" is a complete text.There is a link to <mask>'s diary. There is a general biography of <mask> <mask> in his diary. Sergej <mask> received a letter from Kole Nedelkovski. People from Salonica vilayet were extradited to Bulgaria in 1917.

masks: Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Krste Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Misirkov Krste Misirkov Misirkov