texts: <mask> is a doctor. The radical mastectomy for breast cancer was one of several new operations introduced by the US surgeon who emphasized strict aseptic technique during surgical procedures. <mask> was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at the hospital. His operating room at the hospital was described as a small room where medical discoveries and miracles took place. According to an intern who once worked in <mask>'s operating room, <mask> had unique techniques, operated on the patients with great confidence and often had perfect results which astounded the interns. He was known as the Father of Modern Surgery. He was addicted to cocaine and morphine, which were not illegal during his time.<mask> developed a high level of tolerance for morphine. He was never able to reduce the amount to less than three grains a day. <mask>'s addictions were caused by experiments on the use of cocaine as an anesthetic agent. <mask><mask> was born in New York City. His father was <mask> <mask>, Jr. He was the oldest of the four children. Halsted, Haines and Company was an organization that supplied dry goods.<mask>, Jr. was very involved in the community. <mask><mask>'s family had two homes in New York and were very wealthy. One of their homes was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 <mask> was raised a Presbyterian. <mask> was sent to boarding school at the age of ten after being educated at home. He ran away from his new school because he didn't like it. He graduated fromPhillips Academy in Massachusetts in 1869.<mask> studied at home for a year before going to Yale College. At Yale, <mask> was captain of the football team, played baseball and rowed on the crew team, but his academic achievements were below average. He wasn't accepted into the Skull and Bones Secret Society in his senior year. He had an interest in medicine at the end of his senior year. <mask> attended medical lectures at Yale Medical School and studied books on the subject. <mask> attended the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons after graduating from Yale in 1874. <mask> attended medical school, but historians don't know why.He is thought to have been inspired by his father's involvement with medical organizations. He could not imagine himself in the family business. He left his early academic difficulties behind when he entered medical school. Halsted's tutor during this time was Henry B Sands, a well-known surgeon. <mask> served as an assistant to John Call Dalton. <mask> worked in a pharmacy during medical school. Halsted ended up burning out after two years of medical school.He went to Block Island in Rhode Island because he complained about his memory not working correctly. He participated in activities like fishing and sailing. Even though this program was only open to students with medical degrees, he took a competitive exam to apply for it. <mask> was awarded the internship for House Surgeon at Bellevue after he did well on the exam. <mask> helped with some surgical operations during his internship in the medical wards. Bleeding patients were a common practice during this time, and surgical tools weren't as well cared for as they are today. The interns ran around the hospital with buckets.During the internship, <mask> was introduced to the use of antiseptic by physicians. He helped with the issue of infections at Bellevue during the rest of the internship, after this sparked an interest in <mask>. He was in the top ten of his medical school class. He was placed at the top of his class after participating in a competition. He received a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1877. <mask> joined the New York Hospital as a house physician in April 1878, where he introduced the hospital chart which tracks the patient's temperature, pulse and respiration. <mask> met the pathologist at New York Hospital.He left New York Hospital in October of 1878. <mask> had exhausted all of the medical training opportunities the United States had to offer in his position, for there was no program to train recent medical school graduates for a career in medicine at this time. <mask> went to Europe to study under the guidance of several prominent surgeons and scientists. He was close to many people which gave him access to resources. The relationships <mask> forged with these future leaders would last a lifetime. The timing of his arrival was ideal as cancer was just starting to be studied more widely. He would contribute to new medical ideas and practices in the United States from this experience.<mask> led a vigorous and energetic life for six years after he returned to New York. It was an opportune time for <mask>'s involvement because surgery was on the verge of many important discoveries. He worked at a number of hospitals, including the Chambers Street Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Charity Hospital, Roosevelt Hospital, and Emigrant Hospital. He convinced the hospital to build a tent where he could practice his idea of antiseptic surgery. The project cost $10,000 at the time. <mask> deviated from classical teaching methods. He reformed the classroom by creating a more hands-on experience and theory for his students who were at the top of their classes.He was a popular teacher due to this. One of the first gallbladder operations in the United States was performed on his mother in the middle of the night at 2 am, in which he removed seven gallstones. His mother recovered. One of the first emergency blood transfusions in the United States was performed by <mask>. He was called to see his sister after she gave birth. He pulled his own blood and gave it to his sister to save her life after finding her moribund from blood loss. <mask> became known for being bold because of these operations.The anesthetic power of cocaine was described in a report by an Austrian ophthalmologist in 1884. <mask>, his students, and fellow physicians used cocaine to demonstrate that it could produce safe and effective local anesthesia. <mask> would inject himself with the drug to test it before using it on his patients. <mask> and his colleagues became addicted to the drug. <mask> and Richard Hall were the only colleagues who were addicted to cocaine. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 There were some clues to his condition during this time.In 1885, <mask> published an article in the New York Medical Journal. <mask> had an addiction to cocaine. Harvey Firestone arranged for <mask> to be kidnapped and put on a steamer that would take him to Europe. <mask> underwent an early form of detoxification in the two weeks it took to complete the voyage. He admitted himself to the Sanatorium in Providence, Rhode Island, where they tried to cure his cocaine addiction with morphine. He was there for seven months. He continued his career as a pioneer surgeon despite being dependent on morphine for the rest of his life.His addiction to cocaine ended his medical career. <mask> moved to Baltimore, Maryland, to join his friend <mask> in launching the new hospital. <mask> presented a paper at Harvard Medical School while he was working in the experimental laboratory. He stayed at the hospital for nine months after being readmitted. He came back to Baltimore. He became Head of the Outpatient Department, acting Surgeon to the hospital, and Associate Professor of Surgery when the first choice for the position fell through. The administration was worried about <mask>'s past cocaine addiction.He was appointed surgeon-in-chief in 1890. The first Professor of Surgery was appointed by <mask> when he was a member of the founding team of the school. <mask>'s teaching was not the same as it was in New York. He paid attention to a few students and ignored the rest. He gave certain residents unprecedented learning experiences because of the amount of responsibility he gave them. He is credited with many achievements in the surgical world. The first formal surgical residency training program in the United States was started by <mask>.The ideas that he obtained in Europe, especially the Germans, Austrians, and Swiss, were the basis of this. Today, the residency training programs are in place. The program began with an internship, followed by six years as an assistant resident, and then two years as a house surgeon. Roles and teachers for the next generation of surgeons were created by this program. Many of the prominent academic surgeons of the time were trained by <mask>. His methods of training surgeons spread throughout the United States. Many prominent figures in medical surgery were influenced by his new system of training, and it has had a profound impact on American medicine.<mask> thought that local removal of the tumor would cure the cancer because he held the belief that it spread through the bloodstream. The first radical mastectomy for breast cancer was performed in the U.S. at Roosevelt Hospital in New York in 1882. The patients relapsed even with the more aggressive surgery that the German surgeon performed to remove the tumors from the breast. Charles Moore, an English surgeon, believed that more breast tissue should be removed and that doctors who were trying to save women from disfigurement were doing them a disservice. <mask> took this to the next level by removing the pectoralis major near the collar bone. Ribs were removed from women with breast cancer. The women had their faces operated on.<mask> presented his findings about the procedure at the American Surgical Association conference in New Orleans in 1898. The same results were presented in 1907. The radical mastectomy has come under fire. When it comes to survival from breast cancer, how much the cancer has spread before the surgery is more important than how much is removed. <mask> created multiple techniques for surgery to minimize damage to tissues and blood supply. Some of the new advances included different types of instruments. <mask> contributed to the surgical treatment of a number of diseases, including a type of primary carcinoma of Vater.He helped develop anesthesia, an important part of modern surgery. <mask> pioneered modern surgical principles of control of bleeding, accurate dissection, complete sterility, and gentle handling of tissues, as one of the first proponents of hemostasis and investigators of wound healing. The introduction of rubber gloves into the operating room was done by <mask>. The introduction of rubber gloves was to protect the hands of a scrub nurse. <mask> arranged for a rubber company to make gloves for her so she wouldn't have to use antiseptics. The nurse gave up her job to become <mask>'s wife. Although, the use of gloves wasn't originally championed for sanitary reasons, as was later demonstrated by Joseph Colt Bloodgood.Other achievements included advances in surgery. H.L<mask>'s accomplishments were praised by Mencken when he reviewed Dr. MacCallum's 1930 biography. His contributions to surgery were many. He was the first to put on rubber gloves and introduced the use of local anesthetics. His chief service was hard to describe. It was to change the way in which the patient is treated.When he was young, Antisepsis and asepsis turned the attention of surgeons to external and often extraneous things. The sick man on the table was forgotten. Dr. <mask> changed that. He showed that the tissues could suffer and die. He showed how the recuperative powers of the body could be made to help the patient. He taught that a surgeon must walk carefully. Dr. <mask> took so long to perform procedures that the patients usually healed before he had a chance to close the incision.He revived the ancient saying of 'God cured him; I assisted', even though he had no religion. He was a great teacher, though he never taught formally. Among the great ornaments of American surgery are the young men who went out from his operating room. The niece of a former general in the Confederate States Army and a former Governor of South Carolina was married to <mask>. They purchased the retreat from her aunts. <mask> and his wife had no children. He died 16 days short of his 70th birthday from bronchopneumonia after surgery for gallstones and cholangitis.<mask>'s law says that transplants will grow only if there is a lack of tissue in the host. April 28, 1926. There are rubber gloves in the operating room. Gerald Imber is the author of Genius on the Edge. A documentary on the life of Dr. <mask> was aired on the public broadcasting station WETA.

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William Stewart Halsted
Halsted
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William S
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William Mills
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William Halsted
William S
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William Welch
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texts: <mask> is an American lawyer, diplomat, author and former United States Representative to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in March of 2011. He left his post in December. <mask> was a partner at Jones Day, an international law firm, where he was the partner in charge of the firm's Asian offices and practices, the head of its International Securities practice, and the head of litigation in its New York office. <mask> began his legal career in the Litigation Department of the Chicago office of Kirkland & Ellis. <mask> was a member of the team that represented Amoco in connection with the oil spill that resulted from the Amoco Cadiz. Before joining the Chicago office of Jones Day, <mask> was a partner in the Chicago law firm of Coffield Ungaretti.In 2000 Carden moved to New York from Chicago. Jones Day had an Intellectual Property and Labor practices department. The Jones Day has a worldwide Securities Litigation and Enforcement Practice. While at Jones Day, Carden was responsible for representing clients in some of the largest securities fraud cases ever. Credit default swaps, commodities, options, various direct investments and more traditional financial products were defended by Carden. Carden coordinated the defense of litigation brought in the courts of numerous foreign countries, including the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the Netherland Antilles, Thailand, Italy and Barbados. <mask> was recognized by Chambers, New York Super Lawyers and The New York Times for his accomplishments.Lawdragon listed him as one of their "Lawyers You Need to Know in Securities Litigation". The Weinstein International Foundation, a non-profit foundation that provides training and promotes the mediation of non-commercial, public interest disputes abroad, is on the board of Mediation Carden. <mask> is the Chairman of the Advisory Board for The Center for Rural Engagement at Indiana University. The goal of the CRE is to improve the lives and opportunities of the citizens of Indiana by working with partners to discover and deploy evidence-based, data informed andScalable solutions to common challenges facing rural communities. He was a member of the National Finance Committee. He and his wife raised over $500,000 for the 2008 campaign. Ambassadorship as U.S.The broadening engagement of the United States in Southeast Asia was overseen by Ambassador Carden. He traveled throughout the 10 member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. His responsibilities included advocating for the changes necessary to promote peaceful and prosperous growth in the region as it moves toward economic integration in 2015. Under his leadership, the U.S. Mission addressed the issues inherent in realizing ASEAN's aspiration, including economic development, trade liberalization, intellectual property protection, developing the rule of law and more effective governance. He helped the embassies of the European Union and Latin America in their engagement with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Better decision making was encouraged by the tripled size of the U.S. Mission to ASEAN during <mask>'s tenure. He hired the first ever science advisor to be posted in an American embassy or mission and advocated for the creation of an ASEAN Fulbright Scholarship Program.The science and technology fellows program was created by the mission. Ambassador <mask> received the U.S. Department of State's Superior Honor Award for his efforts. The award was given in December. He received an award from Indiana University for his contributions to the University and for his public service. Ambassador <mask> was working on a book while in Residency at the Rockefeller Foundation. The Milken Global Conference, the In House World Counsel Summit, the US Japan South East Asia Workshop, and the ASEAN Business and Investment Summit are just a few of the speaking engagements <mask> has done since leaving his post as the Ambassador to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. In 2012 Ambassador <mask> gave the address to the graduating students from the law school at Indiana University.Ambassador <mask> is an author of books, articles and other writings. To Save Democracy, America Needs a Mandatory Public Service Program, Foreign Policy, and Concepts of Ownership Shouldn't Apply to the Parthenon Marbles are some of the articles he has written. The Weinstein International Foundation is a non-profit foundation that provides training and promotes the mediation of non-commercial, public interest disputes abroad. <mask> was born in Indiana. He graduated magna cum laude from DePauw University and from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law. <mask> is married to Rebecca Riley, a former Vice President of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. In 1997, Riley arranged for Obama to speak in Chicago at a gathering of the Futures Committee, a civic leadership group created by the Local Initiatives Support Corp.The speech was said to have been the one that launched Obama.

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David Lee Carden
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texts: <mask> was born on October 27, 1947 in New York City and is an American historian who specializes in colonialization, decolonialization and African history. <mask> received his Doctor of Philosophy from Yale University in 1974. He was an Associate Professor at Harvard University from 1974 to 1982. He left the University of Michigan in 1982 to become a professor of history at the New York University. Though a firm base in social and polit-economical history is a constant of his works, one characteristic of <mask>'s approach to history is a strong concern with epistemological questions and the possibilities and limits of knowledge production, as can be seen in his articles on globalization and identity. <mask>'s contributions to the history of colonialism in Africa and to contemporary African history have been crucial in the fields of African studies and beyond. One of his best known conceptual contributions is the concept of the gatekeeper state that he developed in a number of article contributions in the late 1990s, his book-length essay on "the past of the present" in 2002, and his masterful "Africa since 1940".Over the course of the last decades, several collections of articles by a wide array of international scholars which <mask> edited or co-edited have had a lasting impact on global historical thought and research directions. "Tensions of Empire", "International Development and the Social Sciences", and "Struggle for the City" are included. The University of North Carolina Press published Beyond Slavery: Explorations of Race, Labor, and Citizenship in Postemancipation Societies. The French translation of histoire was Théorie, connaissance, histoire. Power and the Politics of Difference is a book by the University of Oxford. <mask>, F., wrote Citizenship, Inequality, and Difference: Historical Perspectives. "An African Historian's Perspective" was published in African Affairs."Empires after 1919: Old, New, Transformed" was published in International Affairs. The Department of History at New York University has a web page.

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Frederick Cooper
Cooper
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texts: Sir <mask> was a colorectal surgeon. He was a professor of surgery at Monash University and served as president of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. The first jurisdiction in the world to introduce legislation for the compulsory use of seat belts in motor vehicles was influenced by him. <mask> was born in 1919. He was the third of four children. He was known as "Bill" because he was born during the prime ministership of <mask>. Between 1927 and 1937, <mask> attended the Melbourne Church of England Grammar School and St Paul's Preparatory School.He excelled in Australian rules football, tennis and athletics at school. <mask> studied medicine at the University of Melbourne. He placed first in his final year class list in obstetrics and g and was awarded a number of prizes during his undergraduate studies. He was awarded an Australian Blue for football in the 1930s. <mask> worked as a junior medical resident officer at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. After completing his fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1949, he returned to work in Australia as an assistant surgeon at the Royal Children's Hospital and the Royal Melbourne Hospital. A "surgeon of international repute", "one of the most brilliant surgeons and surgical teachers in Australia", a "world-leader in the field of colorectal surgery", and "one of the most distinguished Australian surgeons of the second half of the twentieth century" are some ofHe was a consultant surgeon and a member of the Board of Management at the Alfred Hospital from 1977 to 1979. In 1957, <mask> founded the Ileostomy Association of Victoria, the first Australian association to cater for the needs of ostomates, and in 1977 he chaired the inaugural meeting of the Australian Association of Stomal Therapists. <mask> was involved with the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. He was appointed to the Court of Examiners in 1968. He served as President between 1975 and 1978 after becoming the college's censor-in-chief in 1969. The <mask> Room at the college is named after him. The Road Trauma Committee was established by <mask> in the course of his involvement with the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.The introduction of the world's first compulsory seat belt legislation was a direct result of the Committee's advocacy. It was said that his determination to make Victoria the first place in the world for compulsory wearing of seatbelts meant that he saved far more lives through this single initiative than he could ever save with his surgical efforts. Legislation for compulsory blood alcohol tests for all adult road crash casualties was enacted by the Committee under <mask>. <mask> was the founding chairman of the Sir Robert Menzies National Foundation. He held the position until 1988 when the Foundation merged with the Sir Robert Menzies Memorial Trust, and then he held the position of deputy chairman until 1996. <mask> wrote or co-authored over 300 papers, many of which were published in leading peer-reviewed journals such as the Medical Journal of Australia, the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery, and the British. <mask> was interested in the advancement of surgical skills in South East Asia.In 1964, he organised a series of medical teams from the Royal Melbourne Hospital to visit Vietnam, followed by a team from St.Vincent's Hospital in 1965, and a team from Prince Henry's Hospital in 1966. He traveled extensively through South East Asia demonstrating operating techniques with enthusiasm as chairman of the Royal Melbourne Hospital's Vietnam Committee. In India and Vietnam, he was accompanied by a fellow surgeon. <mask> was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1971 for services to medicine and international relations, and he was knighted in 1977 for "distinguished services to medicine in the field of surgery". The American College of Surgeons, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and the Royal College of Surgeons of England all awarded <mask> a fellowship. <mask> lectured in Hong Kong, Malaysia, India and South Africa after receiving the Sir Arthur Sims Commonwealth travelling scholarship. The Moynihan Lecture in London, the Hunterian Oration in London, and the Ismail Oration in Kuala Lumpur were all delivered by <mask>.<mask> was a member of the AMF 4th Division, 6th Field Ambulance. He was ordered to return to his studies in 1940 after serving in the Second World War to complete his medical training. During the Korean War, he was a member of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force and served as a lieutenant-colonel and senior surgeon at Kure Hospital, Japan. <mask> was a colonel in the Australian Army Reserve. <mask> married Lelean on December 30, 1944. They had four children, Gordon, Ann, and John. Sir <mask> died after a long battle with Parkinson's Disease.His wife died in June. <mask>'s work can be found in the following books: Beasley, A.W., Portraits at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, 1993 pp. The Mantle of Surgery was published in 2002 by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. Time Isn't Long Enough, The Hawthorne Press, 1971, pp 70, 93 Ebury,S, Weary: The Sir Robert Menzies Memorial Trust and Foundation: the First Fifteen Years 1978- 1993 was published in 1996.

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Edward Hughes
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texts: <mask> is a former American football center who played nine seasons for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League. He was taken by the Oakland Raiders in the second round of the 1995 NFL Draft after playing college football. He was elected to the Pro Bowl. He was the leader of the Raiders offensive line. <mask> was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the second round of the 1995 NFL Draft, with the 49th overall pick. In 1996, Mike White's last year as head coach, the second-year <mask> replaced Dan Turk in the lineup, becoming only the fifth starting center in Raider history. When he was found confused and wandering around the team hotel in Denver before a game, it was the first sign of his mental health problems.<mask> was hospitalized after missing that game. A strong offensive line, which included <mask> playing between Steve Wisniewski at left guard and Mo Collins at right tackle, helped Oakland score 479 points in the 2000 NFL season, 3rd of 31 teams in the league. The Oakland Raiders shut out the Miami Dolphins 27–0 in the 2000–01. <mask> went missing a week before the AFC championship game and played in the Raiders 16–3 loss to the Baltimore Ravens, though he did show up hours before the game started. During the 2001 NFL season, <mask> was injured, playing in only 2 regular season games, replaced by Adam Treu (also in both playoff games), when Oakland scored 399 points (24.9 points/game), 4th of 31 teams in the NFL, and won the AFC west again. <mask> made the Pro Bowl in his first year as a head coach in the 2002 NFL season, after starting all 16 regular season games. The Oakland Raiders scored 450 points, 2nd in the league, and won the division for the third year in a row.In the 2002–03 NFL playoffs, the Raiders defeated the New York Jets again with 399 total yards, with an offensive line composed of <mask>, Frank Middleton and Mo Collins at guard, Barry Sims and Lincoln Kennedy at tackle. The same offensive line won the game for the Raiders, gaining 375 yards. <mask> was reported missing for most of the day before the game after not taking his depression medication. He was so confused that he didn't know where he was. One of his teammates said <mask> didn't recognize him. Willie Brown had <mask> run sprints in the parking lot on the morning of the game to see if he could still play, despite the fact that Al Davis still wanted <mask> in the game. <mask> was supposed to be allowed to play, but not start.He decided to suspend <mask> for the game after concluding that he was not fit to play. He wanted to fly <mask> back to Oakland but couldn't because he didn't have his wallet and identification. He was diagnosed with manic-depressive disorder after spending 30 days at the Betty Ford Center. It is common for the two to be confused in the early stages of depression. He went into a manic episode after not taking his medication. According to his wife, <mask> spent most of the day before the Super Bowl partying across the border in Tijuana, Mexico; he had thought the Raiders already won the game and he was celebrating their "victory." The Raiders were humiliated in the Super Bowl by the Buccaneers, 48–21, with Adam Treu as the starting center.<mask> regained his starting job the next year in the 2003 NFL season with the same linemates, a disastrous 4–12 for the team. His name and those of several of his teammates were on the list of clients of the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative. He was released by the Raiders in the summer of 2004 after he tested positive for the steroid "the clear" from the BALCO lab. He was the starting center. He was arrested on Christmas Eve for punching a security guard who tried to keep him from going to a bar. <mask> was charged with attempted murder after he was shot three times during a brawl with police in Miami Beach. <mask> was sentenced to five years' parole after pleading guilty to five charges, including attempted murder, and was ordered to receive treatment for his mental illness.He has spent most of the last decade in jail or a rehabilitation facility due to his substance abuse problems. He ended up in a rehabilitation facility in Houston in 2008 and then in a halfway house in May 2009. In an interview with Real Sports, <mask> said he had dealt with his mood swings by taking alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and steroids. He said that he was in a manic mood for the Raider playoff games. According to his ex-wife, there were days before the diagnosis when he had breakfast and went back to bed. He had crack cocaine in his car when he was pulled over by a police officer. <mask> was sentenced to five years in a Florida prison for a drug related violation and was released on September 25, 2012.<mask> was sent to a mental health facility in August of 2016 after he was accused of punching a mother and her daughter and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals <mask> was accused of leaving a restaurant without paying for his meal. <mask> ran from the restaurant on foot. <mask> is accused of throwing a rock at the restaurant employee. <mask> was taken into custody by the police. There are a lot of people who are living in American football centers, people with bipolar disorder, Oakland Raiders players, and American sports people.

masks: Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins Robbins


texts: <mask><mask> was a feminist and a freethinker. She advocated for the education of African Americans. Her memoir, called Reminiscences, covered her memories of the abolitionist movement. <mask>, who died in 1824, and Erastus Danforth, who was a blacksmith, were the parents of personal life Colman. She married John Davis, a universalist, in 1835, but he died from Tuberculosis six years later. Luther Coleman was killed in a work accident at the New York Central railroad 11 years after she married him. She said that it was negligent because the company didn't spend the money that was needed for repairs.The company paid for the funeral, but refused to support her afterwards. A daughter, named Gertrude, was the only child of Colman and his wife. She realized that married women and mothers were dependent on their husbands for any kind of freedom. Instead of holding a traditional funeral, she chose to have a secular memorial conducted by Frederick Douglass. Early in her life, Colman was disturbed by the injustice in the world. When she was six years old, she was horrified to discover that slavery existed. By the time she was 35 years old, she had abandoned Christianity because of the church's involvement with slavery.In 1854, after the death of her second husband, Colman became a teacher in a colored school. The school was forced to close due to her lobbying for the parents to withdraw their children. She and Susan B. Anthony spoke about the unfairness of different salary for male and female teachers at the State Teachers' Convention. As she threw their principles back at them, she developed a reputation for being a liberal cause campaigner. Rochester started educating both white and black children within two years. They visited President Lincoln with Sojourner Truth. At the New York State Freethinkers' Association Convention in Glen Watkins, she arranged bail for one of the associates of D. M. Bennett who were arrested for selling a marriage reform and birth control tract.The charges were dropped against them all. She spoke at the same convention with Robert Green Ingersoll. Between 1856 and 1860, he worked for the Western Anti-Slavery Society and the American Anti-Slavery Society. She helped in the effort to get women's right to vote in New York. She was appointed secretary of the Women's National Loyal League in 1863. The League presented almost 400,000 signatures to Congress. The passage of the Thirteenth Amendment eliminated slavery in America.The National Orphan Asylum in Washington, DC, had a matron named <mask>. The National Association for the Relief of Destitute Colored Women and Children ran this organization. She was a teacher in Washington and Arlington, Virginia, for the National Freedman's Relief Association, which was founded to help former slaves. The National Women's Rights Convention was established to increase the visibility of the early women's rights movement in America. <mask> was at the first meeting. Women's property rights, marriage reform, career opportunities and greater educational access were some of the topics discussed. Encouraged by her friend Amy Kirby Post, who would later write a foreword to her autobiography, <mask> spoke at this convention on the topic of the anti-slavery movement.In 1858, the anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator, and the anti-slavery newspaper, The Truthseeker, covered a conference speech by Douglass. In 400 Years of Freethought, Samuel Porter Putnam described Mrs. Colman as follows. She is opposed to both black and white slavery, and has devoted herself to the rights of both men and women. She is a Freethinker who has outgrown superstitions. She is still interested in any living question. She has had a busy career that has included mingling with the world, great movements, and bringing about the great gains of the present time. She has shown what a woman can do if she has self-reliance, energy, and devotion to truth and right.Her name is in the history of progress. On International Women's Day and Women's History Month, <mask> is remembered as one of the most active freethinkers of the 19th century. She was referred to as the Zelig of the Golden Age of Freethought. American women novelists 19th-century American women writers 19th-century American slaves and history American suffragists Women civil rights activists 20th-century African-American

masks:
Lucy N
. Colman
Hannah Newhall
Colman
Lucy Colman
Colman
Colman


texts: <mask> was a Bosnian Franciscan and writer. He is believed to be the progenitor of Bosnia and Herzegovina literature. Life was born in Jelake near Olovo in the Eylet of Bosnia. He joined the Franciscans at the monastery in Olovo. He returned to Bosnia to work after completing his studies in Italy. He was a priest in Sarajevo in 1609. It is possible that he did other duties, since the monasteries of that age had schools.It was there that he wrote his first work, Christian Doctrine for the Slavic People. He traveled to the Republic of Venice in 1611 to have the Cyrillic letters molded and then printed. The greatest and most important book of all time, Divkovi's Words on Sunday Gospel All Year Round, was completed in Olovo in 1614. Christian Doctrine with Many Spiritual Matters (1616, several later editions) was also printed in Venice. The advice and support of Bartul Kai-arkovi, bishop of Makarska, helped Matija to publish his works. There were links between the Bosnian Franciscans and the Franciscan monasteries. Nothing else is known about the person.He died in Olovo. His books were written to meet the needs of the Catholic folk. The small Christian Doctrine from 1616 became a textbook for the people, while the big Christian Doctrine from 1611 was intended for clerics. The latter is made up of several unknown Latin works. The latter looks like a dialog between a teacher and a student, with various religious and educational themes. One of the most popular books in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the Small Doctrine. There were as many as eight editions of the Small Doctrine.The content was "made into one from Ledezmo's and Bellarmino's learning". The Croatian translation of the catechism of James Ledezmo was used by Divkovi. The Small Doctrine includes the Tears of the Blessed Virgin Mary in eight-syllable verse. The life of St Catherine is also a paraphrase of an older people's legend. One hundred Miracles... is a translation of the medieval legends of John Herolt. After the collections of Herolt and other Catholic authors, Words... is a collection of sermons for priests and nuns. The founder of the Bosnia and Herzegovina literature is distinguished with a meaning and legacy.He was a Bosnian Franciscan who wrote in narodni jezik, which was a common name among Bosnians for the tokavian dialect. The Grkovi's Apostle, the Hval's Codex, and the Hrvoje's Missal are considered to belong to the Bosnian literature. The above analysis shows that the author was a translator and a compiler. He modified his sources to bring them closer to the folk mix of the Eastern-Bosnian tokavian dialect and Ikavian–Ijekavian accent. Considering the sources he used within the Counter-Reformation, his choice was already obsolete in his age, since he found his models in Catholic literature of the late Middle Ages, which doesn't mean that he wasn't well versed in the literature of his time. Researchers believe that the works that would have the strongest impact on the overall goal of Counter-Reformation were the ones that Divkovi chose because he was very interested in his local public. The other Counter-Reformers used rationalism to lure people, but Divkovi went back to the Middle Ages to get people.Medieval imagination is exemplified by his retelling of the biblical stories. His prose is filled with fiery imagery of hell and purgatory for sinners and paradisical bliss for the just, while his sermons are filled with tales of the miraculous and the supernatural. Croatian writers contributed to the victory of the tokavian dialect in Croatian literature with their influence on Croatian literary development. Some of them were Stjepan Margiti and Stjepan Matijevi in Bosnia. The claim for belonging to Croatian written heritage was one of the reasons why Croats accepted tokavian-Ijekavian as the dialectal basis of the standard language in the 19th century.


texts: The Syrian-Armenian singer-songwriter is known for her unique style, which combines jazz, Middle Eastern folk music and Western classical music. <mask> was born in Damascus to an Assyrian Catholic and a Syriac woman. Her paternal great-grandfather was a catholic from Marash and Cilicia. She said that his education and skills were used by the Ottoman army to save him and his family during the genocide. He was deported from Cilicia along with many other people after the war. Her grandfather was a member of the Syrian Communist Party and worked as a tailor. In 1947, many of his friends and family returned to Soviet Armenia, but he chose to remain in the city.The Syrian government began cracking down on political dissidents in the 1960s. He spent many years in prison after his possessions were taken. Most of his children migrated to Canada, except for Artine, who chose to stay in the city. After graduating from high school, Artine received a scholarship to study engineering in Damascus, where he met his mother. The couple married in 1977 and had a child a few years later. When she was a child, she had an identity split between her father's and her mother's community. She said that she had a hard time finding her place at the catholic school in Damascus because the children considered her only half-Armenian.Chamamyan speaks four languages and is multilingual. At a young age, her interest in singing began. She sang in two churches as a child, one in the winter and one in the summer. At the age of nine, she began studying basic music theory. The xylophone was her first musical instrument. Much of her musical education and experience came from her father and maternal grandmother. Her grandmother introduced her to classical singing and her father shared his love for the music of Armenia.She grew up speaking with her father. Chamamyan said that her fiancé broke up with her on graduation day after she finished her degree in Financial Management at the University of Damascus. Chamamyan stated that this led her back to the world of music. Someone suggested that Chamamyan study at the Conservatory for Music in Damascus, after she took part in a singing competition at the French Cultural Institute in Damascus. She studied classical singing and piano at the Higher Institute of Music in Damascus. She stated that she would have preferred to study jazz, but there was no other option. She was a rare voice type in the Arab world.While studying at the conservatory, <mask> started a musical project, travelling throughout the Syrian countryside with fellow students, seeking to combine jazz influences with the Oriental, Arab-Armenian musical heritage. This project eventually led to the production of her first two albums, Hal Asmar Ellon in 2006 and Shamat in 2007, in which she remixed new versions of traditional and classical Levantine songs, breathing new air into such well-known Arabic classics as Lamma Bada Yatathanna. The first of its kind, the Radio Monte Carlo's Middle Eastern music competition, was won by Chamamyan. She graduated from the school in 2007. She was already one of the most famous female Arabic singers in the Middle East. She was ranked as one of the 500 most influential figures in the Arab world by Arabian Business Magazine. <mask> relocated to Paris after the eruption of the Syrian Civil War.<mask>'s music continued to develop after she moved to Paris. She began to write and compose her own music while in France. Her music was inspired by folk music and her Syrian-Armenian roots. <mask>'s musical style came to maturity as she showed her full range of musical talent, which includes writing, producing, playing instruments, and singing. <mask> has performed in Europe, the Middle East, and the Gulf countries. She was a jury member and special guest in the international contest for Armenia's music at the Kremlin Theatre in Moscow. <mask> and Manoukian collaborated on a song.They produced a version of Moutn Er in honor of the 100th anniversary of the genocide. Her fourth album, LAWNAN (Two Colors), came out in 2016 after a three-year collaboration with Turkish composer and kanun player Gksel Baktagir. The album was described by Chamamyan as a partnership between people who chose to unite in music, despite the pain of life. <mask> is interested in social issues. She pulled out of the Salam Orient Festival in Vienna in October of 2012 after learning that the festival was being sponsored by the Israeli government. She has supported Syrian refugees in Germany. "I am Syrian" describes the experience of a Syrian living in exile.Musical style <mask>'s music is known for its fusion of Arab (particularly Syrian) and Armenian folk songs together with Western classical music and modern styles, such as jazz. She has stated that she was influenced by Fairuz, who pioneered Arabic singing styles with her "head voice". Chamamyan sings mostly in Arabic and Armenia. The multilingual nature of Chamamyan's music is important to her and she hopes to perform in more languages in the future. Each of her albums and concerts have an Armenia folk song in them. Chamamyan is known for her style of combining folkloric music with modern styles and arrangements, crossing genres and creating a new fusion of both the traditional and the new. She keeps an open mind when it comes to musical style.She takes inspiration from all sorts of musical genres, including the Portuguese Fado and the Spanish-Andalusian Flamenco. The albums Hal Asmar Ellon and Shamat were released in 2006 and 2007, respectively.

masks:
Artine Chamamyan
Lena
Chamamyan
Chamamyan
Chamamyan
Chamamyan
Chamamyan
Chamamyan
Chamamyan


texts: The fort of Hadrian's Wall at Vindolanda was excavated by <mask>, a British historian and archaeologist. He was born in 1906. He died at Carvoran House in Greenhead, England, at the age of 89. The education and career of Birley was at a college. He obtained a double first in Mods and Greats at Brasenose College. He was influenced in the study of history and archaeology by a number of people. While an undergrad, Birley began excavating at Hadrian's Wall.The first archaeological dig was at Birdoswald. After graduating from Oxford, <mask> worked for a short time as a construction site observer for the Society of Antiquaries of London. During this time in London, <mask> befriended Mortimer Wheeler of the London Museum, which led to a lifelong interest in imported Roman'samian' pottery with molded decoration. A chance discovery in 1929 of two inscription stones at Birdoswald led to the suggestion of redating the Wall periods. The study of Roman Britain was greatly impacted by this discovery, as it "has formed the basis of all subsequent work on the chronology of Hadrian's Wall." After developing a keen interest in the Wall through his excavations, Birley succeeded in buying the estate that belonged to Anthony Hedley, the 19th century antiquary. Although he could not afford the purchase of both properties, he would eventually dig them both.The spectacular finds from Vindolanda would eventually be displayed and interpreted in a museum and research centre. In 1931, at the age of 24, he became a lecturer at the University of Durham, with an impressive record of excavation on Hadrian's Wall, partly under the guidance of F.G. Simpson. He traveled to Germany and Switzerland to learn more about the Roman army. His continental reputation grew as a result of his trips abroad. He was promoted to reader in 1943. He became the Vice Master of Hatfield College in 1947. He was promoted to Master of Hatfield in 1949.He was the Head of the Department of Archaeology and the Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences. The first International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies was established in 1949. He was the president of the local archaeological societies. He influenced George Jobey and John Gillam, both of whom went on to hold prestigious university teaching positions. One student said that he was "incredibly generous and trusting" in Birley. He was an expert on the Roman army. For his practical experience of the ways in which modern armies work, he was inspired to ask questions about the Roman army.His expertise and work in this field served to make <mask> the founder of the "Durham School" of archaeology having attracted several highly-talented and influential postgraduate students to the Department. The "Durham School" includes David Breeze (Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments for Historic Scotland and Visiting Professor at Durham University since 1994), Brian Dobson (Emeritus Reader at Durham University), and the late Mike Jarrett. John Wilkes wrote in The Independent that "<mask> dominated the study of the Roman army, of Hadrian's Wall and Roman frontiers in general." He worked in military intelligence during World War II. The Territorial Army Reserve of Officers Special List, a list of officers not formally attached to a unit, was created just prior to the outbreak of war. In 1943, after being promoted to the rank of captain and temporary major, he became a member of the military division of the Order of the British Empire. The war office gave permission for Birley to accept the award of the Polish order of Polonia Restituta fourth class after he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel.He was given permission to accept the Legion of Merit third class on January 16, 1948. The permanent rank of major had only been granted to a lieutenant during the war and was backdated to January 1949. Major <mask> was granted the rank of lieutenant-colonel after he retired from the army at the age of 50. He married Margaret Isabel Goodlet, a former student of his who excavated at Housesteads and Vindolanda, and with whom he published a report on the Vindolanda excavations. The marriage would last over 60 years. Their two sons, Robin and Anthony, both becameEminent in their field, and would continue their father's work at Vindolanda. The elder, Robin, was named after R.G.Anthony was named after Anthony Hedley, the former owner of Chesterholm. While still excavating at Chesterholm-Vindolanda to this day, the <mask> family no longer reside there. Hugh Hornby <mask>, who led the troops at the Peterloo massacre in 1819, was the great-great-nephew of <mask>. There are selected publications by <mask> and Hubert. The equestrian officers of the army. 1. The official Vindolanda site has references to British archaeologists and people educated at Oxford.

masks:
Eric Barff Birley
Birley
Birley
Birley
Eric Birley
Birley
Birley
Birley
Eric
Eric


texts: He was a Spanish Catalan publisher and politician. He was the director of El Correo Cataln from 1903 to 1933. He was the leader of the regional Catalan party in 1915-1916 and 1919-1933. He was a member of the Congress ofDeputies in 1907-1910 and a member of the Senate in 1918-1919. Moderate Carlists preferred alliance with conservative Catalanists and opposed the violent group within his party. The Catalan Junyent family was first noted in the 13th century and a few of its representatives distinguished themselves in the history of Spain. The only information on his distant ancestors was provided by his father, who was identified along the patriline.He was listed as one of the local propietarios and at times among the more important ones in the local bourgeoisie, and he owned an estate called Can Perevells. The girl from Cornella de Llobregat is related to a local industrialist family. It is not known how many children they had. There is no information about his early education or his childhood. He entered the law faculty of the Barcelona University in the late 1880s and graduated in 1895. In the late 19th century he was officially recorded as a practicing lawyer after entering the Barcelona colegio de abogados. He acted as a defense attorney and specialized in civil law in the early 20th century.Prior to 1898, nothing is known about her or her family. The couple had 3 children. Junyent was a widower and remarried with a widow, Mercedes Canalas Vintr, who had no children of her own. The oldest daughter of Joaquna died when she was young. Their son, who was born in the 1930s, was a Carlist politician who served in the Barcelona ayuntamiento in the 1940s. The younger daughter Mara de INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals One of Junyent's grandsons became one of the most recognized politicians of the early post-Francoist era, counted among the fathers of the 1978 constitution.The sources consulted for the early public engagements did not provide information on the political preferences of Junyent's ancestors. Prior to 1894, he was the vice-treasurer of the Barcelona branch of Juventud Carlista, as well as the secretary of Junta Directiva del Asociacin de San Luis Gonzaga. He spoke at local Carlist crculos in the mid-1890s and was applauded by the public. This is how he got the attention of the Carlist jefé Luis Llauder y Dalmases, the owner and manager of the unofficial regional party mouthpiece, El Correo Cataln. Junyent was invited by Llauder to contribute to El Correo. After Llauder's death the daily was taken over by Fomento de la Prensa Tradicionalista, a Carlist institutional outpost. The editor-in-chief of El Correo was nominated by the president of duque de Solferino but he left after a short time.One of the leading figures of Catalan Carlism and one of the key party propagandists nationwide was the head of El Correo. Junyent started to appear alongside regional party tycoons like Erasmo Janer or Mariano Fortuny when he attended Traditionalist Barcelona rallies. Initially his political stand was the same as the orthodox party line, exalting Catholic religion and hailing Traditionalist values, but also lambasting Jewish conspiracy and masonic designs. He was accused of embracing liberalism by the Integrists, who suspected Junyent of secret negotiations with the Conservatives. In 1906 Junyent represented Traditionalists in talks with other Catalan political groupings when mounting a common front against Ley de Jurisdicciones, a newly adopted regulation which placed perceived offences against the army and state under the military jurisdiction; in Catalonia it was widely perceived as assault on the region and its He became one of the leaders of the movement and was tasked with travelling to Madrid to coordinate action with parliamentarians who were against the movement. The Solidaritat Catalana, a block of local parties opposed to the Ley, was formed later that year and was the only Carlist who signed the document.The informal triumvirate which ran Solidaritat and entered its Comité Executiu was co-signed by him and Solferino. Prior to the 1907 general elections the Catalan Carlists were divided by the question of would-be alliance with republicans and nationalists within a joint Solidaritat list; Junyent was one of the key advocates of the coalition. Junyent was given the go-ahead to stand in Vic after some haggling with La Lliga. The Carlist entry into Solidaritat produced great success for the party, with 6 Carlists elected in Catalonia only. Junyent was a member of the Comité Directivo of Solidaritat MPs and was one of the Traditionalist tycoons in the region. He voiced on Catalan or religious issues in the chamber. Solidaritat was disintegrating in the 19th century as parties pursued incompatible goals.Junyent tried to alleviate the charges, but the Carlists were more and more anxious about partnership. Catalonia was a sister province to all other provinces and Spain was their common mother. In 1909 he developed grave doubts, as El Correo was increasingly engaged in polemics with Catalan nationalists and some Junyent's editorials lambasted "cobardes y canallas". Solidaritat was already dead by the next general elections of 1910, and Junyent was a joint carlista-liguero candidate. He lost to a Liberal candidate despite his protests. Junyent was a member of a moderate group of Catalan Carlists. Dalmacio Iglesias was the leader of their opponents in the Catalan party ranks.The urban battle in Sant Feli de Llobregat was the climax of Iglesias' plan to develop the paramilitary Requeté organization into a street task force. The role of requeté would be to guarantee the free exercise by all citizens of their legitimate rights and to be a body of voluntary Civil Guards that only molests those who live in anarchy. It was only with great difficulty and thanks to perfect relations with the new Carlist king that they were able to prevail and keep the hotheads in check. Junyent traveled to Venice to greet the pretender when he assumed the claim, and then went to Viareggio to receive instructions on conduct of Carlist propaganda following the outbreak of the Great War. The manager of El Correo and a member of the provincial executive appeared at party rallies across Catalonia. Solferino resigned as the Catalan party jefe in 1915 due to internal conflicts. Junyent was nominated as his successor because of his close relationship with the politician and moderate line.violent radicals accused him of appeasement versus "regionalismo conservador", anti-Catalanists lambasted his perceived penchant towards "derecha nacionalista" and the emerging Mellistas were unhappy. When the national party jef Marqes de cerralbo endorsed Iglesias as the party candidate in 1916, there was a crisis. The head of the Junta Provincial resigned and Solferino was restored as the Catalan jefé. The growth of Catalan Carlism in the late 1910s was not prevented by changes in local party leadership. It was divided into two groups by 1917, one led by Junyent and Llus Argem and the other by Teodoro Ms and <mask>. The emergence of Carlism-flavored trade unions, which cater to urban workers, was more confusing as Junyent was present and supportive, but soon the Libres would emancipate and deny any Traditionalist heritage. Junyent tried to navigate between violent urban insurrectionism, nationalist separatism, Mellista concept of grand ultra-right alliance and watering down of Traditionalist ideario in an ambiguous bourgeoisie coalition.He tried not to burn the bridges with La Lliga. It was thanks to the support of the Lliguista that he was elected to the Senate in 1918. During the Mellista fronde within Carlism, de Mella and his support broke away to form their own organization, which decimated command party layers across the country. Junyent was nominated for the second time to be the leader of the party at the grand meeting called "Magna Junta de Biarritz", which was supposed to set the course for the future. His string at the helm of regional Carlism would last 14 years, unlike the first brief episode. Junyent did not distinguish himself with notable activity in the Senate, he remained passive in the internal works of the chamber. He was heavily involved in talks between Cortes and Mancomunitat.Junyent was appointed to the editorial committee of Bases d'Autonomia de Catalunya by Mancomunitat and later joined the comisin extraparlamentaria set up by the Cortes. Junyent thought that pushing the project through the Madrid parliament would only water it down. In 1919 he emerged as a member of an informal Catalan triumvirate leading the project, joined a common commission formed by Mancomunitat and the Cortes, and edited autonomy text to be subject to popular referendum. The autonomy campaign was suspended in the spring of 1919 in the wake of major strike and social unrest in the region. His senate ticket expired in 1919 and he didn't try to get it renewed. Junyent acted on his own behalf, but also as a representative of the Carlists, when he supported the Mancomunitat-driven autonomy attempt. He declared in El Correo Cataln that the Traditionalists must stay united behind their claim as the Mellista break up decimated the party.In 1920-1921, he presided or attended closed Traditionalist meetings and public rallies. At the time he was getting increasingly skeptical about social and political developments in Spain, El Correo was critical of growing anarchy and chaos, especially that Junyent himself almost fell victim to a bomb attack, intended to kill the civil governor. Junyent was engaged in both El Correo Cataln and the Consejo de Administracin at the same time. Junyent ran to the Barcelona ayuntamiento on the Traditionalist ticket and was elected in 1922. In 1923, teniente de alcalde was confirmed as one of the deputy mayors. In the town hall, he maintained good relations with moderate Catalanists from La Lliga, but admitted that he had reservations about the ideas of the former leader. Junyent offered to resign his tenencia de alcalda in June 1923 when the ayuntamiento was in crisis.He was in favor of Traditionalist trade-unionists at times in trouble with the forces of order. In July 1923, Junyent hosted his king, Don Jaime, during his 5-day stay in the city. Increasingly anxious about growing political chaos and social unrest, like many Carlists Junyent seemed to have appreciated the advent of Primo de Rivera dictatorship; already in mid-1923 he took part in Somatén feast together with the Barcelona capitn general. His support began to evaporate after the first measures of the new regime. By the end of 1923 he was deposed from the Barcelona ayuntamiento, his career in the town hall terminated after less than 2 years, and in 1924 the ban on usage of Catalan in public administration prompted him to sign an open letter, which demanded that the language be freely used across The outcome of the case is not known. In late 1923 Junyent traveled to Paris to get the latest instructions on the Carlist stand, and in early 1924 and later the same year he traveled again to get the latest instructions on the dictadura.The party position towards the regime changed in the mid-1920s into non-participation and then into criticism. As the director of El Correo Cataln, I was warned not to engage in official structures and introduced sort of internal party censorship in order to enforce the united stand of the Catalan Carlist press. He led a large Carlist pilgrimage to Rome in 1925, but his own public activity was mostly Traditionalist or religious gatherings. The purpose of the visit is not known, but he was noted as admitted by the minister of interior. There is not a lot of information on Junyent's public activities in the second half of the 1920s, even though he received homages as a distinguished leader and remained among key nationwide party politicians. During his visit to the residence. In the late 1920s he stopped a plot to mount a rise in Seu dUrgell, which was contemplated by some young Carlist hotheads.He resumed efforts for Catalan independence after the dictatorship ended. Junyent in El Correo claimed that the Catalan problem needed "solucin integral y definitiva" when the presidents of provincial Catalan diputaciones met in 1930. The new comisin extraparlamentaria was supposed to work on an autonomy statute. The advent of the Republic was greeted with skepticism by Junyent. He claimed in 1931 that the new Cortes remained politically, socially and religiously extremist and dictatorial. He was freed in December 1931 after spending a short time in a prison ship following Barcelona riots which involved the Carlist youth. Junyent refused to quote insufficient manpower and authority when members of the Sanjurjo conspiracy sounded him on would-be co-operation.In 1933 there was another round of riots and police action against Carlist crculos. Despite his reservations about republicanism-flavored draft of the Catalan autonomy statute Junyent decided to support it in the referendum as "genuine though limited affirmation of Catalonia's personality". The group of Carlist youth, which included his son, were silenced when they voiced their opposition to the project. He was worried that the region would fall prey to Anarcho-Syndicalism and that Carlism would be trapped in the region. He joined conservative institutions like Propaganda Cultural Catlica to counter it. He tried to revive the alliance with La Lliga, based on the program of defending religion, law and order, but the plan did not work and he regretted it during the local Catalan elections of 1932. Junyent ran in the campaign, but both his personal and general Carlist results were terrible.Junyent's moderate loyalist strategy, support for autonomy and penchant for alliance with the bourgeoisie La Lliga more generated and more controversy among the Catalan party rank-and-file. It was made worse by his comments about a possible fusion between two "ramas borbnicas", even though the concept was contemplated by his successor. He was one of the few Carlists leaders who had good relations with Don Alfonso Carlos, yet since 1932 the fronde against him was on the rise, including booing at party rallies. He was charged with "concomitancia con los partidos liberales" and "colaboracionismo con la poltica liberal" The opponents traveled to France to win the case. Junyent tried to resign twice, but he was tired and embittered. Junyent ceased to be the Catalan jefé in June 1933 after his third letter was accepted.Junyent had to scale down his public engagements in the late 1920s due to his poor health and was gradually withdrawing from active politics altogether. His last appearance at a regional party executive was in 1934. In 1933 Don Alfonso Carlos asked him to preside over Junta Consultiva de la Regional de Catalua, a body which has probably never materialized, and in 1934 he was nominated to Consejo de. His rare public engagements were related to politics. He took part in an electoral rally of the Right in 1933 or in 1934, which was supposed to commemorate the Carlists killed during the October Revolution. Junyent's public appearances were becoming detached from ongoing events. He participated in a homage session in 1935.Junyent ceased to be the director of the newspaper after 30 years at the helm. It's not clear whether he resigned, was forced to resign or was dismissed. It's not clear who was the owner of El Correo when he stepped down. His business engagements were related to the presidency of "el banc dels carlins". Junyent had to take care of his Can Perevells estate in Piera, which was plagued by social conflicts with jornaleros contracted to work the fields. Junyent was involved in the works of both the Barcelonesa d'Amics del Pais and theInstitut Agricola Catal de Sant Isidre. It is not known if Junyent was aware of the Carlist conspiracy against the Republic or if the July coup caught him by surprise.There are conflicting accounts of where he was after the coup. According to one source, he remained in Barcelona and participated in the executive session of the bank, but the resignation letter was not accepted. He went into hiding. A source claims that a militia patrol arrived at his home to arrest him, but they resigned due to Junyent's poor health. His successor as the Carlist Catalan jefé, Toms Cayla, was beheaded by the Republicans and he suffered a fatal heart attack. One day later another patrol came, either to detain or execute him, and they concluded their mission when they were led to a room where the corpse of Junyent was being prepared for funeral. There are different accounts of this episode.


texts: The 1st Viscount <mask> PC (Ire) was an Anglo-Irish courtier and politician. Fane was the second son and heir to the Right Hon, he was christened in January 1676 at Basildon. The wife of Sir <mask> was the daughter of Thomas Southcott. His older brother's death made him heir to the Bourchier estates, as well as the manors of Lough Gur and Glenogra in county Limerick, and of Clare, near Tandragee, in county Armagh. <mask> was the Standard Bearer of the Gentlemen Pensioners from 10 April 1689 until early 1696 when he was killed by Elizeus Burges. He was a British Resident in Venice when he almost became Governor of the province of Massachusetts Bay. 3 April 1693 was when he graduated from Oxford's Wadham College.It's eq. The minor is de Balneo natu. Fane replaced his older brother as Standard Bearer from 20 April 1696 to 31 March 1712 after he left Battels. <mask> was the Commander of the Royal ship the Lowestoffe, a 104.5 x ship built at Chatham dockyard in 1697. He died at New York in 1709 after being appointed Captain. Fane was appointed as a deputy lieutenant in September of 1715. He was a Member of the Irish Parliament from 1715 to 1719.On April 22, 1718, he was created Baron of Loughguyre, in the county of Limerick, and Viscount Fane, in the Peerage of Ireland. He was appointed to the Irish Privy Council on 5 May 1718. James Stanhope, Fane's soldier-statesman brother-in-law, who became First Lord of the Treasury in 1717, was created Baron Stanhope of Elvaston and Viscount Stanhope. He was a candidate for the election of August 1727. Robert Packer and Sir John Stonhouse were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 His wife Fane was married at the hospital on December 12th, 1707. Alexander Stanhope was the youngest son of the first Earl of Chesterfield and Catherine was his second wife.<mask> was a cousin of Mary Stanhope's future husband, Earl Stanhope. Her portion of the settlement was 3,000 L. The husband of Mary's first cousin was a witness. Elizabeth Philipps married Sir John Shorter, Philip Stanhope's daughter. <mask> Basildon was buried on July 16, 1744. His widow died at 21 and was buried at 76. There were seven children.<mask>, 2nd Viscount Fane; Mary who was married to 2nd Count de Salis; Elizabeth of Windsor, who was married to John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. From 1751 to 1758 Mary, Viscountess Fane lived at No. The Swan Walk is in London. In a letter to Horace Mann, from Strawberry Hill, dated Sunday, August 29th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17th, 17 I forgot to mention Lady Fane, I think she must have been over seventy. In the 1720s and 30s she built a Grotto at the Fane's New House, but in the parish of Streatley. Lady Fane wrote to her husband in London on April 1st and her son in Florence on November 6th.Lady Fane and her daughter were with him. An extract from a letter to Lady Fane suggests that the mother too was there for a year and that she was ordered by Lady Fane. These are similar to the one at The Vyne. The top has the arms of Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole and his first wife Catherine Shorter, who died in 1737. There is a hint of shells on the tables that suggest that she had a grotto at the New House. The Fane grotto: Gallery Notes References other printed was written in 1747 by the blue-stocking. There is manuscript and family knowledge.John Farrington's print of Basselden from Streatley Hill was published in the 18th century.

masks:
Fane
Henry Fane
Henry Bourchier Fane
George Fane
Mary Fane
Fane
Charles


texts: <mask> was an Australian Pacific trader, short story writer and novelist. Becke was the son of Frederick Becke and his wife. The parents were born in England. Becke was the ninth of twelve children and had a tendency to wander; he has stated that before he was 10 he had twice run away from home. Becke was educated at Fort Street High School after the family moved to Hunters Hill. Becke and his brother William Vernon went to San Francisco in 1869. Becke stowed away on a ship at the age of 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266He worked as a book-keeper in the store of Mrs Mary Mcfarlane in Apia until December 1872. Becke sailed the E.A. under the orders of Mrs Mcfarlane. Williams was going to deliver it to the notorious blackbirder. On 17 January 1874, Beck arrived at Mili Atoll. Becke was a passenger on the Leonora until it was wrecked during a storm in Lele harbour on March 15, 1874. Becke and the others were rescued seven months later. Becke was acquitted at age 19 after being arrested for piracy.He was employed at Ravenswood station and worked as a bank clerk during the goldrush. The story is set in a mining camp. Becke was in the Ellice Islands working for John S. de Wolf and Co. until the trading-station was destroyed by a storm. He married Nelea Tikena after opening his own store in Nukufetau. The Fisher Folk of Nukufetau is one of the stories that Louis Becke set in the Ellice Islands. Becke worked in New Britain and Majuro after he lost everything on Beru Island in the Gilbert Islands. Becke met palagi traders and beachcombers in the Gilbert Islands, Ellice Islands,Caroline Islands and Marshall Islands and gained a knowledge of the customs and beliefs of the islanders.Becke wrote about "Bully" in a story called The Wreck of the Leonora. The line between fact and fiction-writing is not clear. The material for Becke's stories was provided by Becke's experiences in the Pacific. The novel A Modern Buccaneer was published by Thomas Alexander Browne without Becke's knowledge or consent. Browne paid Becke for his recollections of "Bully" Hayes. Becke objected to the use of his manuscript without any significant change and without credit for his contribution to the manuscript. Becke returned to New South Wales in 1885 and wed Mary Elizabeth (Bessie) Maunsell on February 10, 1886.His daughter, Nora Lois, was born in November of 1888. On 9 June 1896 he left for London. Alrema and Niya were the daughters of Becke and Fanny Long. The divorce was obtained on the grounds of desertion. He and his family went to New Zealand in 1908 and then to Australia in 1909. He was elected a member of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1910. He was buried in the Waverley Cemetery near the graves of Henry Lawson and Henry Kendall after he died at the Hotel York.The first story to appear in The Bulletin was Tis in the Blood by Becke in 1893. His Native Wife, a novelette, was published in Australia in 1895 and followed by a collection of stories, The Ebbing of the Tide, which was published in 1896. Becke went to London in 1896 with the help of The Bulletin who gave him a sum of money and he stayed in Europe for 15 years with a large number of collections of short stories and novels for boys. Becke was paid fairly by the magazines for his stories, but his books were never royalty-free, he was not a wealthy man. His writings were of variable quality, but have been compared to others. Becke was in Australia in the middle of 1909 and died of cancer there in 1913, working up until his death. Becke's books are included in E. Morris Miller's Australian Literature with six other volumes written in collaboration with Walter J. Jeffrey.His wife and daughter were by his side. Becke said that his literary success was due to the training he received from the editor of The Bulletin. Becke's works were published in America. B. Lippincott is from Philadelphia. Becke was critiqued for his taste and grammar. His Native Wife was not received well in America because of its subject matter. The Mutineer: A Romance of Pitcairn Island was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780Louis Becke. There is a hill of content. The first complete bibliography of his writings was included in the biography. Sally O'Neill wrote 'Becke, <mask> (Louis) (1855–1913)' in the Australian Dictionary of Biography. There are external links to Dirk HR Spennemann. <mask> was a man. A biography.<mask>'s works are listed at Project Gutenberg Australia. 19th century deaths of Australian novelists and 20th century deaths of Australian male novelists.

masks:
George Lewis Becke
George Lewis
Louis Becke
Becke


texts: From 1922 to 1932, <mask> was president of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State and leader of the opposition in both Ireland and the Free State. He was a Teachta Dla from 1921 to 1944. He was a Member of Parliament for North Kilkenny from 1918 to 1922. The current title of Ireland's prime minister is created in 1937, but <mask> was the first taoiseach of the Free State. Liam was the Taoiseach from 1973 to 1977. <mask> was born at 174 James's Street, Dublin, to <mask> and his wife. He entered his father's publican business after graduating from the Christian Brothers School.Cosgrave attended the first Sinn Féin convention in 1905. He joined the Irish Volunteers in 1913 but never joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood because he didn't believe in secret societies. He was a Captain at the South Dublin Union during the Easter Rising of 1916. After the rebellion, Cosgrave was sentenced to death, but that was later commuted to a life sentence of imprisonment. In August 1917, he won a seat for Sinn Féin in Kilkenny City. He made a speech on the balcony after his victory. He and Michael Collins spoke to a crowd in Dunboyne, County Meath, urging them to join the Irish Volunteers.Kilkenny North was won by <mask> at the 1918 general election. Although he and many other Sinn Féin MPs were still in prison at the time, 27 free Sinn Féin MPs, in accordance with their party's manifesto, refused to go to Westminster and formed the First Dil, in which <mask> took his seat after he was released from prison His wife was the daughter of a nationalist councillor on Dublin Corporation between 1884 and 1919. Liam and Vera cared for <mask> during his later years. <mask> was not within the leadership of the party and was a political career Minister for local government. <mask> was named Secretary of Local Government when the Second Ministry of Dil ireann was formed. His close friendship with de Valera and his long experience on Dublin Corporation were some of the reasons he was selected.The job of the Minister was to organize the non-cooperation of the people with the British authorities and establish an alternative system of government. 28 of the 33 local councils pledged loyalty to the Ministry of Local Government established by the Dil after the 1920 local elections. The British government's links to these councils were cut. The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in December of 1921. At the cabinet meeting in Dublin held to consider the Treaty immediately after it had been signed, <mask> surprised de Valera by agreeing with Collins and with Arthur Griffith, de Valera's predecessor as leader of Sinn Féin and the chairman of the delegation which included Collins that had negotiated the It was supported by the cabinet in a vote of 4 to 3 and by the Dil in a vote of 64 to 57. In January 1922, de Valera voted against and resigned as president, after being upgraded from a prime ministerial President of Dil ireann to a full head of state, called President of the Irish Republic.de Valera was president. Collins formed a Provisional Government that included <mask> as Minister for Local Government. He became Minister for Finance from July onward. The acceptance of the Treaty saw a gradual progression to civil war. The majority of the IRA hardened against accepting anything less than a full republic as the split in Sinn Féin deepened. Sinn Féin fought a general election in June with a common slate of candidates after Collins and de Valera tried to find a middle course. The electorate voted in favor of pro-Treaty candidates despite the pact.The draft Constitution of the Irish Free State was rejected by the Anti-Treatyites because it was clearly not a republican document. Collins decided to maintain the Treaty position and suppress the Republican opposition that seized the Four Courts in Dublin. The IRA was defeated in the field over the course of two months after the Civil War began. In August 1922, both Griffith and Collins died in quick succession, the former of natural causes and the other a few days later when Republicans attacked at Béal na Blth, County Cork. The new dominion lost its most senior figures when de Valera became the nominal leader of the anti-Treaty forces in the Civil War. The pro-Treaty leadership chose <mask> because of his democratic credentials, even though it had the option of going for General Richard Mulcahy, Collins' successor as Commander-in-Chief of the National Army. <mask> became Chairman of the Provisional Government on August 30th and President of Dil irean on September 9th.The Irish Free State came into being on December 6, 1922. The Dil elected <mask> as President of the Executive Council on December 6, 1922. The First Executive Council of the Irish Free State was formed by him. At 42, <mask> was the oldest member of the Cabinet. He used the leadership of the new country, even though he had not sought it. He wanted to prove that the Irish could govern themselves and hold the new country together. According to some historians, he lacked vision as a leader and was surrounded by men who were more capable than himself.He proved to be an able leader of the emerging Irish state who had a sound judgement on the matters of state that the new country was facing during his ten years as president. As head of the Free State government during the Civil War, he was ruthless in his defense of the state. Although he disagreed with the use of the death penalty in principle, in October 1922 he enacted a Public Safety Bill, which allowed for the execution of anyone who was captured bearing arms against the state, or aiding armed attacks on state forces. "Although I have always objected to the death penalty, there is no other way that I know of in which ordered conditions can be restored in this country, or any security obtained for our troops, or to give our troops any confidence in us," he told the Dil. If harsh action were not taken, a guerrilla war could drag on indefinitely, making the achievement of law and order impossible. The British executed 14 IRA volunteers in the War of Independence, but his army ordered courts martial on 77 rebels, who were executed by firing squad by May 1923. Pro-Treaty politicians and their families were attacked by the Republican side.One of <mask>'s uncles was shot and killed when the family home was burned down. The Irish revolutionary period and the Irish Civil War saw the destruction of country houses. If the country is to live, <mask> said, "I am not going to hesitate if the country is to live, and if we have to kill ten thousand Republicans, the three million of our people is greater than this ten thousand". Cumann na nGaedheal was formed in 1923 by pro-Treaty Sinn Féin members. The Civil War ended when the anti-Treaty IRA guerrillas announced a ceasefire. The Bill for the Constitution of the Irish Free State was his first act as a leader. In good time for the formal establishment of the Free State, this was done by October 1922.There were a number of problems in the first few years of <mask>'s government. The National Army was tried to be reduced. It was too large and costly to maintain after the Civil War ended and it had grown to over 50,000 men. The size of the Army was challenged by some army officers. The Pro-Treaty IRA men were angry that the government was not doing enough to help create a republic and predicted massive unemployment. Other politicians and soldiers made important decisions when he and his position were challenged. In March 1924, more layoffs were expected, and army officers sent an ultimatum to the government demanding an end to the demobilisation.Kevin O'Higgins was acting president for <mask> while he was in the hospital. The Minister for Defence resigned and was defeated in a power struggle by O'Higgins. The government was divided after the army crisis was solved. In 1924, the British and Irish governments agreed to attend a Boundary Commission to re-draw the border between the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland. The Minister for Education was a respected scholar. The British government indicated during the Treaty negotiations that the wishes of the nationalist inhabitants along the border would be taken into account. After months of secret negotiations, a newspaper reported that the Free State would lose territory in County Donegal.After not reporting to <mask> on the details of the commission, MacNeill resigned from the Commission and from the government. The Free State did not have to pay its share of the Imperial debt after <mask> went to London to meet the British Prime Minister and the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. <mask> stated in the Dil debate that he had only one figure in his mind. I got the figure that I tried to get. While in exile, <mask> turned down a request for asylum for <mask>. <mask>'Brien made the request in 1930. In the June 1927 general election, de Valera's new party, Fianna Fil, won many seats on an abstentionist platform.Kevin O'Higgins, the Minister for Justice, was killed by the IRA on his way home from Sunday Mass. De Valera and his party entered the Dil as a result of the government forcing Fianna Fil to take their seats. Without de Valera, <mask> faced very little opposition. The situation was altered by de Valera's arrival. <mask> and his government did not trust the British to respect the new independence of the Irish Free State. The government embarked on foreign initiatives. The Irish Free State became a member of the League of Nations in 1923.The new state became the first British Commonwealth country to have a non-British representative in Washington, D.C., as well as exchanging diplomats with many other European nations. The Irish were given more independence by the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The Irish Free State's Oath of Allegiance was not as monarchist as that in Canada or Australia. Although the head of state was the king in Ireland, power was derived from the Irish people and not him. There were questions about the word "treaty". The Treaty was registered as an international agreement by the League of Nations in 1924 after the British claimed it was an internal affair. The Irish Free State was legally part of the United Kingdom until 1931, when the Statute of Westminster removed most of London's authority over it.This step effectively made the Free State the internationally recognised independent, although still partitioned, Irish state, potentially fulfilling Collins' vision of the Treaty giving the Irish people the freedom to achieve freedom. Cosgrave and Cumann na n Gaedheal were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The budget was balanced to avoid borrowing. The Irish pound was overvalued because it remained linked to the British currency. Moderate tariffs were introduced on some items, despite the fact that free trade was advocated as opposed to protection. While doing little to help the industrial sector, the new government decided to focus on agriculture. The passing of a Land Act to help farmers buy their farms was well received by agriculture.The Agricultural Credit Corporation was established to encourage growth. The economic depression that hit in the 1930s undid the good work of <mask> and his ministers. Industry was seen as unimportant and little was done to improve it. The loss of the industrialised north-eastern part of Ireland had a negative effect on the country as a whole. The Electricity Supply Board was established to provide employment and electricity to the new state. The law didn't require a general election until the end of 1932. <mask> called for one in February of that year.There was growing unrest in the country and a new mandate was needed for an important Commonwealth meeting. The Eucharistic Congress, a major national and international event, was one of the reasons why the election was called early. <mask>, like most of his cabinet a Catholic, invested a lot of time in the build-up to it and wanted it to proceed without any tension from the upcoming general election. amon de Valera and Fianna Fil got all the credit for that event. Cumann na n Gaedheal provided ten years of honest government and political and economic stability. The party played the "red card" by portraying the new party as communists. The electorate was offered a new and popular manifesto of social reform by Fianna Fil.A minority Fianna Fil government came to power after <mask>'s party lost the election. After the general election of that year, <mask> assumed the role of Leader of the opposition, as Fianna Fil began what turned out to be a sixteen-year period of single-party government. Three groups, Cumann na nGaedheal, the National Centre Party and the National Guard formed a new party called Fine Gael in 1933. <mask> was named the merged party's deputy leader. <mask> became leader of the opposition because O'Duffy didn't have a seat in the Dil. When O'Duffy stepped down, he became party leader. Fine Gael lost three elections under his leadership.On January 26, 1944, <mask> retired as leader of the party and was succeeded by Richard Mulcahy. An effective and good chairman, he led the new state during the more turbulent period of its history, when the legislation necessary for the foundation of a stable independent Irish polity needed to be pushed through. Changes to the concept of the role of the Crown, the governor-generalship and the British Government within the Commonwealth played a crucial role in the evolution of the British Empire into the British Commonwealth. His performance as the first political leader of the state may have been under appreciated. When democratic governments formed after the First World War, <mask> handed over power to his one-time rival, showing that the Free State was still democratic. amon de Valera was one of the people who reconciled <mask> before his death. After taking power in 1932, he read the files on the actions of <mask>'s governments in relation to their work in the Commonwealth.They did a great job. Death <mask> died at the age of 85. He was given the honor of a state funeral, which was attended by the cabinet, the leaders of all the main Irish political parties, and amon de Valera, the President of Ireland. He is buried in Dublin's Goldenbridge Cemetery. "It is in terms of the Nation's needs and its potential that I praise God who gave us in our dangerous days the gentle but steel-like spirit of rectitude, courage and humble self-sacrifice, that was <mask><mask>". <mask> was the son of Cosgrave and served as a lawmaker from 1943 to 1981 before becoming the leader of Fine Gael from 1966 to 1977 and the taoiseach from 1973 to 1977. <mask> was W. T.'s granddaughter and served as a Dn Laoghaire–Rathdown County Councillor from 1999 to 2009.The top of a Celtic cross on his gravestone was broken off in October of last year. In March 2016 it was vandalised again.

masks:
William Thomas Cosgrave
Cosgrave
William Thomas Cosgrave
Thomas Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Leon Trotsky
William O
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
Cosgrave
William T
. Cosgrave
Liam Cosgrave
Louise Cosgrave


texts: A British doctor, formerly a GP and a Medical Director with the United Nations, <mask> was born on June 5, 1931. He is campaigning for Voluntary Euthanasia and Doctor-Assisted Suicide. After graduating from St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, <mask> attended Columbia University, New York. He received a master's degree in public health in 1960. He worked at the Prince of Wales Hospital. He became Medical Officer at the United Nations in 1957. He rose to become Medical Director of the United Nations in 1969 after working with the UN in Pakistan in 1961.He was the Director of Personnel at the United Nations in 1973. He was the UNICEF Representative in Bangladesh in 1977. From 1980 to 1982, he was the senior adviser on childhood disabilities. He became Medical Director again in 1982. He was the Medical Director for the World Bank in 1989 and 1990. He was struck off by the UK General Medical Council in 2005 after admitting to travelling to the Isle of Man to help Patrick Kneen end his life. The Isle of Man police arrested him for this activity in December of 2003 but he was never charged.In 1990 he resigned from the World Bank. He wrote an article about his complaints about the bank. The Bank's bloated, overpaid bureaucracy, its wasteful practices, and its generally poor management were cited by him. After returning to the UK in 1993, he became the Vice-Chairman of the United Nations Association. There is an active supporter of humanism and secularism. He was interviewed by Ritula Shah on the radio show One to One. The Voluntary Euthanasia Society was formerly known as the Vice-chairman or the Chairman.The death of Alan Clark caused a by-election to be held in November 1999 for "Campaign for Living Will Legislation". He gained 97 votes and was 9th out of 18 candidates. Portillo was elected. From 2002 to 2004, he was the President of the World Federation of Right to Die Societies, and from 2004 to 2006 he was the Director of that organisation. The Society for Old Age Rational Suicide was established in December of 2009, to promote a discussion on the possibility of elderly, competent individuals, who are suffering from various medical problems, having a doctor legally end their lives if this is their persistent request. He was in charge of this organisation from 2009 to 2015. He was made a patron of the organization in October of 2015.Four people from the UK have gone to Switzerland to take their own lives. After a year on bail, he was not charged for partially financing the trip of Raymond Cutkelvin. Secularism and Humanism <mask> is an associate of the National Secular Society. The National Secular Society's Secularist of the Year award has been sponsored by <mask> since 2005. He was the leader of the Secular Medical Forum for three years. On September 15, 2010, 54 public figures signed an open letter stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's state visit to the UK. His father was a surgeon and author of medical textbooks.The marriage of <mask> and Elizabeth was dissolved in 1982. He married Frederica Harlow. They divorced in 2000. His current partner is a woman. He has three children. "I'll See Myself Out, Thank You" is a collection of personal views in support of assisted suicide. The "Family Doctor" booklets were published by Skyscraper Publications.The British Medical Association was published in 1964. 30. The truth about cancer. The British Medical Association was published in 1969. 31. Public Affairs Pamphlets checks your health. No. 314.The Public Affairs Committee of New York. 18. Overweight is a problem for millions. No. 347. The Public Affairs Committee of New York. 20. There are new uses for blood.No.377. The Public Affairs Committee of New York. There is a new date for this. There are Viruses, Colds, and Flu. No. 395. The Public Affairs Committee of New York. 20.What do we know about allergies? No. 486. The Public Affairs Committee of New York. There is a new date for this. Overweight is a problem for millions. Revised edition.No. 368a. The Public Affairs Committee of New York. 24. Current knowledge about an old medication. No. 614. The Public Affairs Committee of New York.24. Can we survive a nuclear war? No. 625. The Public Affairs Committee of New York. There is a new date for this. Nuclear energy is good or bad? No. 630.The Public Affairs Committee of New York. 29. There are risks to health and safety on the job. No. 614. The Public Affairs Committee of New York. There is a new date for this.Chapter 31 of Danaher's book was Criticism of the World Bank Banking on Poverty: An Insider's Look at the World Bank. The case against the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund has been going on for 50 years. South End Press is located in Boston, MA. pp. 152–160 In praise of Voluntary Euthanasia, the New York Times covered Dr. <mask>'s marriage to Frederica Harlow.

masks:
Michael Henry Knox Irwin
Career Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Michael
Michael Irwin