texts: 'proper', but she paid them no mind. She never lost her 'down home' authenticity. Ed Sullivan said that she was very kind to everyone. She took charge when Mahalia sang. The band, the stage crew, the other performers were all rooting for her. She could have been your mother or sister when she came out. She was a star among other stars.Some people didn't want to be deferential, but they couldn't help it. The woman was great. "<mask> <mask> sang to me last night, Neil wrote after attending her concert at the Royal Albert Hall in 1961." Others said that she could make the hair on their neck tingle. <mask> used an assortment of pianists for recording and touring, choosing anyone who was convenient and free to go with her. She needed a pianist at a moment's notice, someone talented enough to play with her but also steeped in religious music. The person who accompanied her for 25 years was <mask>.<mask>'s sound is often acknowledged as a significant part of her success. She moved to California with a singing group after learning to play on her family's upright piano. A broken marriage resulted in her returning to Chicago in 1947, where she met Robert Anderson, a member of <mask>'s team. Falls was with her in nearly every performance. <mask> received 25 to 30 compositions a month for her consideration. Falls played the song so <mask> could hear it. Once selections were made, Falls and <mask> were able to memorize each composition, but Falls had to invent a new way to sing a song as <mask> never sang a song the same way twice.Falls had to watch <mask>'s mouth and mannerisms to keep up with her. At the beginning of a song, Falls might start in one key and receive hand signals from <mask> to change until he felt the right key. Falls said, "Mahalia waited until she heard exactly what was in her ear, and once she heard it, she went on about her business and she'd tear the house down." Falls was compared to Paul Ulanowsky and Gerald Moore by Studs Terkel. Falls and <mask>'s performance at the Newport Jazz Festival created a rhythmical drive such as is expected of the entire Basie band. It's all joy and swing, but it's also religious music. Falls' right hand was used to play the horns in an orchestra which was in constant conversation with <mask>'s vocals.She provided a "walking bass line that gave the music its bounce", common in stride and ragtime playing. Similarly, television host Dinah Shore called Falls' left hand the strongest thing in the world, giving <mask>'s music a prominent beat. "Mildred's got a left hand, that's what your problem is," Shore told the studio musicians when they tried to figure out the cause of <mask>'s sound. According to Anthony Heilbut, her music was old-fashioned, but she always used a subtle rock suited to Mahalia's swing. <mask>'s influence was greatest in black gospel music. For 15 years the genre developed in relative isolation with choirs and soloists performing in a circuit of churches. The source material that <mask> learned in her early years and from which she drew during her recording career was provided by the NBC, which boasted a membership of four million.Robert Marovich identifies <mask>'s success with "Move On Up a Higher Little" as the event that launched a genre that became commercially viable nationwide. Between 1945 and 1965, there were dozens of gospel music acts on radio, records, and in concerts in secular venues. <mask>'s success was recognized by the NBC when she was named its official soloist, and she was given universal respect in a field of very competitive and sometimes territorial musicians. She was the embodiment of ecumenism and was welcomed everywhere. <mask> and Sam Cooke were identified by the Cambridge Companion to Blues and Gospel Music as the most important figures in black gospel music in the 1950s. According to Heilbut,Mahalia was the spiritual symbol of the majority of new fans. Raymond Horricks writes, "People who hold different religious beliefs to her own, and even people who have no religious beliefs at all, are impressed by and give their immediate attention to her singing."She has brought about a wide and often non- religious interest in the singing of the Negro. She became gospel's most prominent defender because she was asked by white jazz and blues fans to define what she sang. They are the songs of hope. You feel like there's a cure for what's wrong when you sing gospel. You have nothing to rest on when you're through with the blues. The style of popular music became pervasive as gospel music became accessible to mainstream audiences. <mask> attributed the emotional punch of rock and roll to Pentecostal singing.Her Decca records were the first to feature the sound of a Hammond organ, spawning many copycats and resulting in its use in popular music for decades after. <mask> used the same devices as the first R&B and rock and roll singers, including ecstatic melisma, shouting, moaning, clapping, and stomp. Chuck Berry and Fats Domino are the only pioneer rock and roll singers who didn't owe their stuff to the great gospel lead singers. <mask> has been named as an inspiration by a number of people. <mask> was a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Mavis said that when she sang, you would feel light as a feather. I couldn't get enough of her.Rolling Stone put Franklin at the top of their list of the 100 greatest singers of all time, after she sang "Take My Hand, Precious Lord" at <mask>'s funeral. Despite her influence, <mask> was mostly displeased with the use of gospel music for secular purposes, considering R&B and soul music to be perversions, exploiting the music to make money. <mask>'s success had a profound effect on black American identity for people who weren't comfortable in white society. For middle and lower class black Americans, her life was a rags to riches story in which she remained relentlessly positive and unapologetically at ease with herself and her mannerisms in the company of white people. In her portrayal as a funeral singer in the movie, she embodied sorrow for the character Annie, a maid who dies from heartbreak. In this role, <mask> conjures up the fatigue and collective weariness of centuries of black women. She promoted hope and resilience in the black American experience through her music.<mask> was often compared to opera singer Marian Anderson, as they both toured Europe and sang in similar settings. After the Daughters of the American Revolution banned Anderson from performing in front of an integrated audience, <mask> was invited to sing at Constitution Hall in 1960. <mask>'s preference for the musical influence, casual language, and intonation of black Americans was a sharp contrast to Anderson's concentration on European music. <mask> credits aspects of black culture that played a significant part in the development of her style: remnants of slavery music she heard at churches, work songs from vendors on the streets of New Orleans, and blues and jazz bands. Her first national television appearance on Ed Sullivan's Toast of the Town in 1952 showed her singing authentic gospel blues, prompting a large parade in her honor in Dayton, Ohio, with 50,000 black attendees, more than the integrated audience that showed up for a Harry Truman campaign stop around the same time <mask> was known for her excited shouts. She said, "Excuse me, CBS, I didn't know where I was."She challenged a sense of shame among middle and lower class black Americans for their speech patterns and accents by retaining her dialect and singing style. When she sang, Evelyn Cunningham of the Pittsburgh Courier felt proud of her people and heritage, even though she expected to be embarrassed by <mask>. I dropped my bonds and became emancipated. Malcolm X said that <mask> was the first Negro to be famous. Studs Terkel, a white radio host, thought he had discovered <mask> <mask> when he learned she had a large black following. <mask> was asked to appear on Duke Ellington's album Black, Brown and Beige, which was an homage to black American life and culture. She initially rejected the idea, but relented when she was asked to make up the 23rd Psalm.The album's vocal rendition of "Come Sunday" became a jazz standard. She continued to attend and perform in black churches, often for free, as she became more famous and spent more time in concert halls. <mask>'s line of chicken restaurants were designed to be black owned and operated. The proceeds of the 1969 concert A Salute to Black Women were given to her foundation to provide college scholarships to black youth. There was not a single field hand, a single black worker, a single black intellectual who did not respond to her when she died. References are given to sources such as How Sweet the Sound: The Golden Age of Gospel. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years was written by Taylor Branch.Black Gospel: An Illustrated History of the Gospel Sound was published in 1985 by Blanford Press. Mark Burford and <mask> <mask> are in the Oxford University Press. Mark Burford, ed. Oxford University Press published The Mahalia <mask> Reader. People get ready! A new history of black music. The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire is a book.Just Mahalia, Baby, World Books was written by Goreau. The Rise of Gospel Blues: The Music of Thomas Andrew Dorsey in the Urban Church was written by Michael W. Harris. Anthony Heilbut wrote The Gospel Sound: Good News and Bad Times. <mask>, Mahalia, and Wylie, Evan McLeod, wrote Movin' On Up. A City Called Heaven: Chicago and the Birth of Gospel Music is a book by Robert M. Marovich. Moore, Allan. The Cambridge Companion to Blues and Gospel Music was published in 2002."Pop Memories: 1890–1954, Record Research, Inc., 1986" is the title of the book. <mask>, Jesse, make a joyful noise! The Life of <mask> <mask> was written by T.Y. Crowell was born in 1974. Cornell, Jean Gay, and <mask> <mask>: Queen of Gospel Song were juvenile nonfiction. Big Star Fallin' Mama: Five Women in Black Music was written by Hettie Jones. I Sing Because I'm Happy album details can be found at the William Russell Jazz Collection at The Historic New Orleans

masks: Mahalia Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Mahalia Jackson Jackson Jackson Mahalia Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Mahalia Jackson Mahalia Jackson


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> is an American feminist theorist who is known for her theory of agential realism. They are professors of Feminist Studies, Philosophy, and History of Consciousness at the University of California, Santa Cruz. They are the authors of Meeting the Universe Halfway. Their research topics include feminist theory, physics, twentieth-century continental philosophy, philosophy of physics, cultural studies of science, and feminist science studies. <mask> earned a doctorate in theoretical physics. Computational methods for quantifying the properties of quarks and other fermions were presented in their thesis. <mask> is a member of the advisory board for Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience and Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society.<mask>'s theory of agential realism states that the universe is made up of phenomena. <mask> introduced a neologism that signals a challenge to individualist metaphysics. For <mask>, objects and phenomena do not precede their interaction. In actor-network theory, apparatuses, which produce phenomena, are not assemblages of humans and nonhumans. They are the condition of possibility of 'humans' and 'non-humans', not just as ideational concepts, but in their materiality. There are determinate meanings and material beings that are excluded from the production of others. Material-discursive is what it means to matter.One of the creators of quantum physics is the inspiration for <mask>. <mask>'s agential realism is a theory of knowing, a theory of being, and an ethics. The neologism onto Epistemology was introduced by <mask>. The ethical consequences of specific practices of mattering are always in turn onto Epistemological practices. <mask>'s theories are important for many academic fields, including feminist technoscience, philosophy of science, feminist theory, and, of course, physics. Their work draws on the works of theorists such as Foucault, and Walter Benjamin, among others. <mask>'s training was in theoretical particle physics and quantum field theory.A chapter in their book, Meeting the Universe Halfway, contains an original discovery in theoretical physics, which is rare in books that are usually categorized as 'gender studies' or 'cultural theory' books. <mask> believes that agential realism is useful to the analysis of literature, social inequalities, and many other things. <mask>'s agential realism is a way of understanding the politics, ethics, and agencies of any act of observation, and indeed any kind of knowledge practice. According to <mask>, the deeply connected way that each "thing" is entangled with everything else in different ways means that the entanglements are changed. A new form of causality is offered by <mask>'s innovative and far-reaching formulation of intra-action, which challenges the usual notion of interaction which assumes a metaphysics of individualism. There is a differentiating-entangling so that an agential cut is enacted that cuts things together- apart (one move) such that differences exist not as absolute separations but in their inseparability. There is nothing inherently different from anything else.This view of knowledge gives a framework for thinking about how culture and habits of thought can make some things visible and others easier to ignore. According to <mask>, agential realism is useful for feminist analysis and other forms of political and social thought even if the connection to science is not obvious. <mask>'s framework makes several other arguments, and some of them are part of larger trends in fields such as science studies and feminist technoscience. The scientist and the social are always part of the apparatus, and one needs to take account of this in analyzing the system. This is different from the view that political critiques of science seek to undermine the credibility of science; instead, <mask> argues that this kind of critique actually makes for better, more credible science. They argue that politics and ethical issues are always part of scientific work, and that they are made to seem separate by historical circumstances that encourage people to ignore those connections. They argue that ethics and politics are part of how nuclear weapons were developed and understood, and therefore part of science, by saying that ethics and politics are part of how nuclear weapons were developed and understood.The view that one can strive for a politics-free, bias-less science is different. They offer an alternative to the usual conception of objectivity. They do not agree with the idea that science is only a language game or set of fictions. Humans don't have complete control over everything that happens because the scientist is part of the "intra-action" of the experiment. In " Getting Real," <mask> says that although scientists shape knowledge about the universe, you can't ignore the way it kicks back. The points on ethics, ethics, and knowledge show that <mask>'s work is similar to the work of other science studies scholars. There are chapters in books.It was included in a number of anthologies. <mask>'s UCSC web page has a review of Getting Real at the Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research.

masks:
Karen Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
Barad
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Karen Barad


texts: <mask> was a Chinese general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China and a Chinese Nationalist leader. He was a member of the Muslim faith. <mask> and Li Zongren were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 At times his relationship with Chiang Kai-shek was hostile. He and Li Zongren supported the anti-Chiang warlord alliance in the Central Plains War in 1930. <mask> was the first defense minister of China. He fled to Taiwan after losing to the Communists.<mask> was born in Guilin and was given a courtesy name. <mask>n was a Persian merchant whose descendants adopted the Chinese name <mask>. His religion was Islam. He was the second son. His family came from China. The school he attended at the age of 14 was a modern-style one run by Cai E. The three leading figures of the military were <mask>, Huang and Li Zongren.<mask> left the military school at the request of his family and studied at the civilian schools of law and political science. <mask> joined a Students Dare to Die corps after the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution. He was transferred from the Corps to the Second Military Prep school. He attended the third class of the military academy in 1915 after graduating from the school in 1914. He became an officer in the 1st Guangxi Division. <mask> was a deputy commander of the Model Battalion of the Guangxi First Division and a supporter of Sun Yat-sen. Lu Rongting was the leader of the New Guangxi Clique when they moved against him in 1924.A new generation of leaders were represented by Pai and Li, who were brought under ROC jurisdiction. <mask> was the Nationalist chief of staff. He was the commander of the 13th Army. <mask> was part of the Nationalist Northern Punitive expedition. <mask> was the Chief of Staff of the National Revolutionary Army and was credited with many victories over the northern warlords. In 1927, he was the leader of the Eastern Route Army. On April 4, 1927, he took part in the purge of Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army and the labor unions in Shanghai.<mask> commanded the forward units that first entered Beijing and was the senior commander at the time. During the Northern expedition, he was given the nickname Xiao Zhuge, literally "little Zhuge Liang", because of his exploits on the battlefield. <mask> directed the purge of Communists in the party when he was the commander of the Kuomintang forces. <mask> captured 20,000 of his 50,000 troops and almost captured Gen. Zhang Zongchang, who escaped to Manchuria. <mask> personally had around 2,000 Muslims under his control during his stay in Beijing in 1928, which was reported by Time magazine. <mask> was bankrupt in December of 1928. He was going to lead 60,000 troops from east China to build a railroad that would be a barrier against Russian incursion.His plan was perceived to be against someone. He was refused permission to leave Peiping to go to Hankow. At the end of the Northern expedition, Chiang Kai-shek began to fight for his cause. <mask> had to flee to Vietnam to avoid harm in 1929. The Hankou subcouncil included Li Zongren and <mask>. The Hankou and Canton self-ruling governments were terminated. Hankou was captured during the dispute between the two sides.<mask> was involved in the Reconstruction of Guangxi from 1930 to 1936, which became a "model" province with a progressive administration. The war effort against Japan was supported by over one million soldiers. <mask> fought against the Communists during the Chinese Civil War. He allowed the Communists to pass through. <mask> was known for two things in China. Generals Ma Liang, Ma Fuxiang, and <mask> met in 1931 to discuss intercommunal tolerance between Hui and Han. <mask> was the 4th Army Groups chief of staff.An anti-Japanese war was called 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 <mask> chongxi and Li Zongren saw the threat posed by Japan. The Marco Polo Bridge incident took place outside of Beijing on July 7, 1937. <mask> rejoined the Central Government in August of 1937. He was the deputy chief of the general staff during the Second Sino-Japanese War. He was the key strategist who convinced Chiang to adopt a "Total War" strategy in which China would trade space for time, use guerrilla tactics behind enemy lines and disrupt enemy supply lines at every opportunity. When the better armed and trained Japanese troops advanced, the Chinese launched a scorched earth campaign to deny them local supply.<mask> and Gen. Li Zongren won the first major victory at the Battle of Tai'erzhuang in the spring of 1938, defeating a superior enemy. The Japanese advance was delayed by China for several months. <mask> was appointed Commander of the Field Executive Office of the Military Council in Guilin, with responsibility for the 3rd, 4th, 7th and 9th War Zones. He oversaw the successful defense of the capital of the province. The Japanese attacked Changsha three times between 1939 and 1942. <mask> directed the Battle of South Guangxi and the Battle of Kunlun Pass. <mask> requested that the 64th Army and 46th Army be equipped.<mask>'s soldiers were praised as a "crack" army during the war against Japan, and he was known to be an able general who could lead the Chinese resistance. <mask> was presumed to inherit his position by the majority of Chinese. <mask> was in charge of the Army against the Japanese. <mask> was alone among other military men in refusing to obey commands if he assumed them to be wrong. After the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Jihad was compulsory for all Chinese Muslims. <mask> sheltered the Muslim Yuehua publication in Guilin, which printed quotes from the Quran and Hadith justifying the need for Chiang Kai-shek as leader of China. During the war against Japan, Chinese nationalism was promoted.<mask> traveled throughout the Muslim northwestern provinces of China controlled by the Ma Clique to defeat Japanese propaganda. After the rise of power of the Kuomintang, the Xidaotang sect pledged their loyalty to them. <mask> was the head of the Chinese Islamic National Salvation Federation. The Legion of Merit of the United States was awarded to him in January 1945. The Chinese Civil War resumed after Japan surrendered in 1945. The Chinese Communists were active in Manchuria in the spring of 1946. A key railroad junction was occupied by a crack People's Liberation Army unit.<mask> was sent to oversee the operation after the Kuomintang forces couldn't oust them. After a two-day battle, Nationalist forces were able to defeat Lin's forces. Before the fall of mainland China to the Chinese Communists, this was the first major victory for the Kuomintang. <mask> was appointed the Minister of National Defense. As <mask> was bypassed on major decisions regarding the Chinese Civil War, it turned into a post without power. Chiang would hold daily briefings in his residence without inviting <mask> and would direct front-line troops personally down to the division level. The Civil War went poorly for the Kuomintang as the strategy of holding onto provincial capitals and leaving the countryside to the Communists caused the downfall of his forces, which had a 4:1 numerical superiority at the beginning of the conflict.<mask> was considered for the post of Governor of Xinjiang during the Ili Rebellion. The position was later given to a pro-Kuomintang Uyghur leader. There were thousands of delegates from all over China at the first National Assembly in China in 1948. The Minister of National Defense ignored Northern China and Manchuria in his report. The delegates from Manchuria in the assembly called for the death of those responsible for the loss of Manchuria. <mask>, in command of forces in Hankow, met with Generals Fu Zuoyi, Chang Chih-chung, and Chiang Kai-shek to discuss the defense of Suzhou, the gateway to the Yangzi River valley. <mask> said that negotiating with the Communists would make them more powerful.<mask> and the Governor of Hunan agreed that they should negotiate with the Communists. In January 1949, with the Communists close to victory, almost everyone in the Nationalist media, political and military command began to demand peace as a slogan. <mask> refused to fight the Communists near the Huai River and demanded that his soldiers be sent back to him so he could secure his hold on the province. <mask> was the commander of four armies in Central China. He wanted the government to negotiate with the Communists. <mask> was in charge of the defense of the capital. He sent a telegram requesting that the president step down in order to allow a peace deal with the Communists.The "rice bowl" of China was open for the Communists when Gen. Lin Biao mounted an attack on <mask>'s forces. <mask> used a railroad from Hankow to Canton to get to headquarters. The railroad gave him access to his home. <mask> reorganized his troops in August. In October, as the Canton fell to the Communists, <mask> commanded 200,000 of his elite troops and returned to his hometown of Guangxi for a final stand. The riots that broke out in Taiwan due to poor governance by the central government appointed officials and the garrison forces caused many casualties of both native Taiwanese and mainland residents. <mask> was sent on a fact finding mission to help calm the populace.<mask> made a number of recommendations after a two-week tour that included interviews with various segments of the Taiwan population. Student violators of peace were granted amnesty if their parents took custody and ensured proper behavior. native Taiwanese held him in high regard for his actions. <mask> had a falling out with Chiang after he supported General Li Zongren for the vice presidency in the 1948 general election. <mask> was removed from the Defense Minister post and given responsibility for Central and South China. <mask>'s forces were the last to leave the mainland and eventually to Taiwan. He was the Chief of the General Staff from 1927 to 1949.He was the vice director of the strategic advisory commission in the presidential office after he came to Taiwan. He was a member of the Central Executive Committee. The party was reorganized from 1950 to 1952. <mask>'s troops fled to French Indochina after the victory of the Communists. Others went to retreat. <mask> made a speech to the Muslim world in 1951 in which he claimed that the leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, was planning World War III and that Muslims should avoid Jawaharlal Nehru. He lived in semi-retirement until he died of a heart problem at the age of 73.<mask> was given a military funeral by the government, with a blue sky over his coffin. <mask> was buried in the Muslim section of the cemetery. He was the Chairman of the Chinese Islamic National Salvation Federation and the Chinese Muslim Association. The other members of the board were a Catholic Bishop, Methodist Bishop, and the Buddhist Abbot Taixu. <mask> sent his son to Hong Kong. <mask> led his troops in destroying Buddhist temples and smashing idols to turn them into schools and party headquarters. <mask> destroyed almost all of the Buddhist monasteries in the area.The monks were taken away. <mask> led a wave of anti-foreignism that made the province unsafe for foreigners. Some Chinese Christians were attacked as imperialist agents when Westerners fled from the province. The movement's goals were anti-foreignism, anti-imperialism, and anti-religion. <mask> was the leader of the anti-religious movement. The anti religious campaign was agreed upon by all of the members of the New Guangxi Clique, so it may not have had anything to do with <mask>'s campaign. <mask> allowed the Communists to attack foreigners and idols since they shared the same goal of expelling the foreign powers from China, but they stopped the Communists from starting social change.British diplomats said he ate pork and drank wine. <mask> was interested in the Muslim part of the province. He wanted to resettle the Chinese soldiers so they wouldn't be taken by the Soviet Union. <mask> wanted to follow in the footsteps of Zuo Zongtang, leader of the Dungan revolt, and lead an expedition to seize back Xinjiang. <mask>'s partner planned an invasion. During the Kumul Rebellion, Chiang Kai-shek was ready to send the expeditionary force that he assembled to assist Muslim General Ma Zhongying against Sheng Shicai, but when he heard about the Soviet invasion of Xinjiang, he decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident. He was suspicious of this because he thought that the Guangxi group was going to take control of the region rather than the other way around.<mask>'s reputation as a military strategist was well known. <mask> was considered to be the most keenest of Chinese military men according to Evans Carlson, a United States Marine Corps colonel. He was called "one of the most intelligent and efficient commanders boasted by any army in the world." Kenneth Hsien-yung Pai is a Chinese author and playwright living in the United States. <mask> and his wife had a lot of children. Their names are Diana, Daniel, Richard, Alfred, Amy, David, Kenneth, Robert and Charlie. He married Ma P'ei-chang in 1925.Three of his children are scattered across America and Taiwan. <mask>'s tomb will be the basis for a Muslim cultural area and a Taiwan historical park. <mask>'s pictures show births and deaths of Taiwanese Muslims and Chinese anti-communists during World War II.

masks:
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Bai
Baiderlude
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi
Bai
Bai
Impact Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai Chongxi


texts: <mask> was a Dutch singer, stage actress and television personality. She collaborated with Ramses Shaffy. Jacques Brel's chansons were also sung in Dutch. Early life <mask> was born in Bandoeng, the Dutch East Indies. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, her father was forced to work in coal mines and her parents were separated. Elly and her mother were sent to one of the many camps set up exclusively to imprison Dutch people in Indonesia. Elly's mother developed depression because of the circumstances in which she and Elly lived.Elly and her mother were free when the Japanese capitulated. Elly's mother committed suicide a few weeks after they were reconciled with their father and husband. Elly and her father lived in the Netherlands. His wife often clashed with Elly. Elly was taken away from her at the age of seven. She was placed in an orphanage because it was thought her father was dead. She was put back with her father and stepmother after learning her father was still alive.During a trip to the Dutch island of Vlieland in 1948, Elly's stepmother was told that the owner of a hotel and his wife were trying to adopt a child. Elly was given up by her father and adopted by this couple. <mask> was very interested in culture and music as a teenager. She studied fashion and had a job as a secretary in Amsterdam when she was 18. She collaborated with legendary Dutch singer Ramses Shaffy in the theatre show Shaffy Chantant after appearing in the talent show "Nieuwe Oogst". They started this show in 1964, performing well-known chansons. The duo won the Europe Cup for the best singing performance.<mask> released her debut album in 1966. In 1967, Mikis Theodorakis asked her to work on an album about the persecution of Jews during the Second World War. It was a critical and commercial success. The album containing cover versions of songs by Jacques Brel was certified gold by <mask>. <mask> was awarded a press prize at a television festival in 1969. She was awarded the prize for her work. <mask> focused more on international success because of foreign recognition.Gilbert Bécaud was one of the artists she started recording more cover versions of. <mask>'s success continued with the release of moreLPs and a continued acting career in television, film, and stage. She recorded an album with a American singer called 'Two against the morning'. She recorded an album in England in 1973. The album '<mask> <mask> sings Jacques Brel' was released in 1972 in the USA. She recorded an album with songs by Charles Aznavour. She sang "Don't say a word" with him.<mask> took a short break when she became pregnant with her first child, and she and her husband had a daughter in 1983. She stopped her activities for six years to care for her child. <mask> made her return to the public eye in 1988 when she starred in a theatre programme. <mask> accepted that her career had ended when she started on a similar show in 1990. Frank Boeijen revived <mask>'s career in the 90s. She recorded two albums with him. One of the highest musical honors in The Netherlands was awarded to her in 1995.She had performed in a musical Het Hemelbed and sang the song Heb Het Leven Lief at the memorial celebration for him. Albert Verlinde wanted her to play Edith Piaf in his musical. She did 170 shows of Piaf, de Musical. She reprised the role in 2008 and 2009, because of the success of the musical. She won the John Kraaijkamp Musical Award in 2000 and 2008. She released a new CD in 2009. In 2015, she released a tribute album to Ramses Shaffy called Echo, which contained covers of songs by Shaffy.<mask> retired from music because she was developing dementia due to brain damage she sustained in a car accident. She died in her sleep on March 25, 2020, after spending the last years of her life in an assisted-living facility. There was a discography called "Liesbeth <mask> Sings Theodorakis", which was released in 1966. Dave Boomkens, <mask> <mask>, de dochter van de vuurtorenwachter, was published by Luitingh-Sijthoff. External links include births and deaths of Dutch women singers.

masks:
Elisabeth Dorathea List
List
List
List
List
List
List
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Liesbeth
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Liesbeth
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texts: <mask> was a British-Australian philosopher and was appointed as an Emeritus Professor by the Australian National University. He worked in metaphysics, philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, philosophy of religion, and political philosophy. The Encyclopedia of Philosophy was written by him. <mask> began his education at The Leys School, a leading independent boarding school. Ninian was a professor of religious studies and a pioneer in that field, and his younger brothers were also professors. <mask> Astronomer at Cambridge University was the father of <mask>. W. M<mask> was the President of the Royal Astronomical Society.<mask> graduated from the University of Glasgow with an MA in 1946, followed by a BPhil from Oxford University in 1948. He worked as a Junior Research Fellow at Oxford for two years. <mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Corps of Signals on October 9, 1941, after serving in the Second World War with the British Army. His war service was mostly in India. He was granted the rank of lieutenant after being demobilised. He occupied the Chair of Philosophy at the University of Adelaide from 1950 until 1972 after arriving in Australia in August 1950. He was a Reader in Philosophy at La Trobe University from 1972 to 1976.From 1976 to 1985 he was Professor of Philosophy in the Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University and the annual <mask> Lecture is held in his honor. He was a professor at the university. <mask> was a Foundation Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. He received the Companion in the General Division of the Order of Australia in 1990. In 1991 and 2010, he was elected to become a Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford. <mask> was an early advocate of type identity theory. Metaphysics <mask> contributes to metaphysics in the area of philosophy of time.He has defended the B-theory of time and perdurantism. He claimed that the passage of time is an illusion. If time really passed, then it would make sense to ask at what rate it passes, but this requires some second time-dimension with respect to which passage of normal time can be measured. There must be a third time-dimension because this in turn faces the same problems. The rate of passage argument was put forward by C. D. Broad. <mask> used to think that nature and causes of the passage of time were related. He believed that it was due to people's use of temporal language.He abandoned the linguistic explanation of the illusion in favor of a psychological explanation of the passage of memories from short-term to long-term memory. <mask> was a physicalist. He was one of the originators of the mind–brain identity theory, which claims that certain states of mind are the same as certain states of the brain. In reference to the stereotype of Australians as down-to-earth and unsophisticated, this view was dubbed "Australian materialism" by its detractors. <mask>'s identity theory dealt with some long-standing objections to physicalism by comparing the mind–brain identity thesis to other identity theses well-known from science, such as the thesis that lightning is an electrical discharge, or that the morning star is the evening star. Although these identity theses give rise to puzzles such as the Morning Star and Evening Star, some argue that it would be ridiculous to reject them on this ground. It would be absurd to reject physicalism on the grounds that it gives rise to these puzzles, since the puzzles facing physicalism are strictly analogous to the scientific identity theses.<mask> was a defender of utilitarianism. He defended "extreme", or act utilitarianism, as opposed to "restricted", or rule utilitarianism. In his essay Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism, he explains the difference between the two types of ethical theory. <mask> gave two arguments. Rule Utilitarianism collapses into act Utilitarianism because there is no adequate criterion on what can count as a "rule", according to the first. Even if there was a criterion, the rule would still be followed even if it was better if the rule were broken, which <mask> called "superstitious rule worship". The preference theory of well-being is one of the aspects of <mask>'s ethical theory."preference utilitarianism" is a combination of the preference theory and consequentialism. During the late 20th century, <mask>'s arguments against rule utilitarianism contributed to a decline in its popularity among ethicists. He has influenced philosophers who have worked or been educated in Australia, such as <mask>, Philip Pettit, and Peter Singer. An opponent is "to embrace the conclusion of one's opponent's reductio ad absurdum argument" according to one of <mask>'s entries. The move is called "biting the bullet". "Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism" is a work in The Philosophical Quarterly. There is an outline of a system ofitarian ethics.Philosophy and Scientific Realism were written in 1963. Problems of Space and Time was edited in 1964. An introduction to the philosophy of science was written in 1968. Utilitarianism: For and Against was co-authored with Bernard Williams. Essays Metaphysical and Moral were written in 1987. References Sources Who's Who in Australia 1990 and Metaphysics and Morality: Essays in Honour of <mask><mask> in 1987.Franklin, <mask>, Corrupting the Youth: A History of Philosophy in Australia was published in 2003 Graham Oppy <mask> was a gifted Scottish philosopher who became a leading light in Australia. Remembering <mask> was written by <mask>. The Companions of the Order of Australia Utilitarians 20th-century Australian philosophers have died.

masks:
John Jamieson Carswell Smart
Smart
John Couch Adams
William Marshall Smart
. Smart
Jack Smart
Smart
Jack Smart
Smart
Smart
Smart
Smart
Smart
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Smart
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Frank Jackson
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J J
. Smart
James
John Smart
Jack Chadha
C Smart


texts: <mask> "Al" <mask> is a Canadian professor and researcher in experimental psychology, cognitive science, and Gestalt psychology. In his 1990 book, Auditory Scene Analysis: the perceptual Organization of Sound, he defined and organized the field of auditory scene analysis. There is a new framework for research in the auditory systems of both humans and non-human animals, for behavioral and neurological studies of speech perception, for music theory, hearing aids, audio technology, and the separation of speech from other sounds by computers. He has been called the father of auditory scene analysis. He holds a post-retirement appointment as a professor in the department of psychology. He was the first professor to teach cognitive psychology. He has taught courses on Computer and Man, Research methods in experimental psychology, Auditory Perception, Psychological Theory, and honors research seminars.Many of his students went on to make significant contributions to intellectual life. Steven Pinker, Adam Gopnik, Paul Bloom, Stevan Harnad, Alfonso Caramazza, Stephen McAdams, Bruce Walker, Susan Pinker, Alexander I. Rudnicky, and Alison Gopnik are included. His graduate students include Gary L. Dannenbring, Valter Ciocca, Howard Steiger, Martine Turgeon, Michael Mills, and James K. Wright. Richard Parncutt, Sheila Williams, and Brian Roberts have all worked in his lab. <mask> was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1936. His parents were an office manager and a home-maker. He has a sister in Jerusalem.His wife is an artist. He has five children, three stepdaughters and two stepsons. <mask> received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University College of the University of Toronto in 1957. He received a master's degree in psychology from the University of Toronto in 1959 and worked as a research assistant for two summers studying how subjective organization affects the process of memorization. He received a PhD degree from Yale University in 1959 to study the formation of concepts with Carl I. Hovland. He did his research on human memory after he died. He was a research fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies from 1962 to 1965, where he continued to study memory.One of the earliest computer systems for controlling psychological experiments was set up there. He taught two courses at Harvard. The graduate seminar in learning theory was taught by Richard Herrnstein, who taught the laboratory section of the course in experimental psychology. In 1999 he received a lifetime post-retirement appointment in the Psychology Department at the rank of professor, after having risen to the rank of full professor. He was associated with the Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, founded by John Chowning, while he was on sabbatical at several universities. He has given lectures at many universities, including Harvard, MIT, Yale, Oxford, Cambridge, Stanford, UC Berkeley, UCLA, Cornell, Virginia, Toronto, Hong Kong, and the New University of Lisbon. The first research done by <mask> was an auditory scene analysis.He made a discovery while recording a rapid succession of sounds for an experiment on learning. A rapid sequence of unrelated sounds, each about the length of a speech phoneme, was being prepared for an experiment on learning. Water splashing in a sink, a dentist's drill, a tone, a vowel, and many other sounds were mixed together. I didn't experience the sequence in the order that they were recorded on the tape when I played the tape back to myself. It looked like non-adjacent sounds were grouping together. It was the same sounds that were forming the integrated perceptual sequence. This reminded me of an essay I wrote at the University of Toronto.The Gestaltist's examples showed that similar visual forms would be different from each other. A sort of grouping might be happening in my ears. This one subjective experience set me off on a 36-year period of study, even though I had never been trained in auditory perception research. To support this research, he developed a computer-based laboratory that could work with visual and audio signals. Gary Bernstein, Gary Dannenbring, Philippe Grall, and Pierre Abdel Ahad were laboratory supervisors. The concept of auditory stream segregation was developed to describe how a single sequence of sounds could be seen as two or more concurrent streams of sound. Many of the acoustic variables that controlled this process were exposed in extensive research by <mask> and his students.He came up with the idea of "auditory scene analysis", a process for analyzing the complex mixture of sound that reaches the listener's ears and for building distinct perceptual representations of the individual acoustic sources that were buried. Outside the field of experimental psychology, <mask>'s work has had influences. The principles of ASA have been used in the development of computer systems that automatically segregating speech from other concurrent sounds. The principles have been applied to music to explain the segregation and integration of musical sounds and have also been applied to speech perception. AUDITORY was set up in 1992 to address the topic of auditory perception. Professor Daniel P. Ellis administered it. There are over 2500 researchers and practitioners of the auditory arts and sciences in 45 countries.<mask> was elected fellow of the Canadian Psychological Association in 1978, the American Psychological Association in 1984 and the Royal Society of Canada in 1995. He was a Killam Research Fellow from 1984 to 1986. The Association pour le savoir awarded him the Jacques Rousseau medal in 1995. In 2004, he received the CPA Donald O. Hebb Award for his contributions to psychology as a science. The research done by <mask> yielded one book, one audio compact disk, three articles in encyclopedias or handbooks, 16 book chapters, and 53 papers in scientific journals. He has published 12 scientific articles on other perception-related topics and six on human memory. Books Bregman was published in 1990.Auditory scene analysis is about the perceptual organization of sound. The city of Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press. Audio compact disk <mask>, A.S., and Ahad, P.A. Demonstrations of Auditory Scene Analysis: The Perceptual Organization of Sound was published in 1996. Audio disk. It was distributed by MIT Press.There are articles in encyclopedias and handbooks. In N.J. Smelzer & P.B. The book is called Baltes (Eds.) The Social and Behavioral Sciences are covered in the International Encyclopedia. Amsterdam: Pergamon. pp. 970–970.Auditory scene analysis by A.S<mask>. There is an Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. It's called L.R. The editor is Squire. Academic Press in Oxford. Auditory scene analysis by A.S<mask>. In A.I.Basbaum, A. Koneko, and G.M. Shepherd and Westheimer (Eds.) The Senses is a comprehensive reference. P. Dallos and D. Oertel wrote the book "Audition." San Diego: Academic Press. 825–825. A selection of book chapters by A.S<mask>.The formation of sounds. In J. Réquin. Performance and attention. Lawrence Erlbaum is from New Jersey. A.S<mask>. Asking the "what for" is Auditory perception. In M. Kubovy and J.R. Pomerantz.There is a perceptual organization. Lawrence Erlbaum is from New Jersey. A.S<mask>. Listening in complex environments is Auditory scene analysis. In S.E. McAdams and Bigand are authors. Thinking in sound.The Oxford University Press is in London. 10–36. A.S<mask>. Computational and psychological data. In David F. Rosenthal and Hiroshi G. Computational Auditory Scene Analysis. Erlbaum is in Mahwah, NJ.For a full list of publications, see: <mask>, Auditory scene analysis. The Royal Society of Canada has psychologists.

masks:
Albert Stanley
Bregman
Personal Bregman
Bregman
Bregman
Bregman
Bregman
Bregman
Bregman
Bregman
. Bregman
. Bregman
. Bregman
. Bregman
. Bregman
. Bregman
Al Bregman


texts: <mask> was an American newspaper man, magazine publisher, and explorer. He founded the Boy Scouts of America and the Lone Scouts of America. He had a love for the outdoors early in his life. After being 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The Lisbon Clipper in Lisbon, North Dakota is one of the newspapers that Boyce established. He moved to Chicago with his first wife to pursue his entrepreneurial ambitions. The weekly Saturday Blade was distributed by thousands of newspaper boys and the Mutual Newspaper Publishing Company was established there.By 1894, the publishing company had a circulation of 500,000 copies per week. His businesses supported labor unions and he was concerned for his newsboys' well-being. By the early years of the 20th century, <mask> had become a multi-millionaire and had taken a step back from his businesses to pursue his interests in civic affairs, devoting more time to traveling and participating in expeditions. He embarked on a two-month trip to Europe and a photographic expedition to Africa in 1909. The newly discovered tomb of King Tutankhamun was visited by Boyce over the next two decades. During his first expedition to Africa in 1909, Boyce learned about Scouting. According to a somewhat fictionalized legend, a young boy guided Boyce back to his destination after he became lost in the dense London fog.On his return to the United States, he formed the B.S.A. after reading printed material on Scouting. The Scouting program was focused on teaching self-reliance, citizenship, patriotism, resourcefulness, obedience, cheerfulness, courage, and courtesy in order to make men. He left the B.S.A. after clashing with the first Chief Scout Executive. The L.S.A. was founded. In January 1915, it was possible for rural boys to form a troop or patrol. Five years before <mask>'s death, a merger was completed between the B.S.A. The L.S.A. is struggling.He received many awards for his work in the U.S. The "Silver Buffalo Award" is part of the Scouting movement. In New Texas, Pennsylvania, on June 16, 1858, <mask> and Margaret Jane Bratton <mask>'s son, <mask>, was born. <mask>, Mary, and John were the children of the Boyces. He had a love for the outdoors when he was a child. He started teaching at the age of 16 and then worked as a coal miner. He joined his sister at Wooster Academy in Ohio after returning to teaching.It's not clear if he graduated or was expelled. He worked as a teacher, lumberjack, secretary, and salesman in the Midwest and Canada before moving to Chicago, where he quickly became known as a persuasive and shrewd salesman. The phrase "We pushed on" was used in his books. He had known Mary Jane Beacom since he was a child. She was known as "Rattlesnake Jane" because she was an expert shot and rode horses cross saddle. It became clear out of his journal that she was more masculine than he was. They had three children, one son and two daughters.The Chicago Hussars, an independent equestrian military organization, is one of the activities that <mask>'s personal activities included. In 1903, <mask> purchased a four-story mansion in Illinois, which became the center of his family and social activities. He would only go to Chicago for business after showing little interest in Chicago's social activities. It was reported on the front page of the Chicago Tribune because of the prominence he had attained by that time. The divorce was finalized in a South Dakota court in September of 1908, and his wife's property settlement was close to $1 million. <mask> Lee, a vocalist from Oak Park, Illinois, who was 23 years his junior and the eldest child of Virginia and John Adams Lee, a former Lieutenant Governor of Missouri, was courted after the divorce was finalized. Virginia's parents and Ben were against the relationship.In May 1910, after the marriage was announced, Ben and his father got into a fight outside of the hotel. Ben was fined and arrested for disorderly conduct. The couple went to Europe on an extended honeymoon after their wedding two days later. There was a lot of speculation about the marriage within the family. Virginia and <mask> had a daughter on April 9, 1911. The agreement to support and educate their infant daughter was signed a few months later. After <mask>'s wife filed for divorce, she moved to Santa Barbara, California with their daughter and her parents.The $100,000 settlement was arranged by <mask>, who did not contest the divorce. The elder Virginia married Richard Roberts and moved with her and her daughter to Connecticut. Virginia took the name Roberts. She didn't meet her father until she was eight years old. Ben and Miriam were married on June 11, 1912. The ceremony was attended by both <mask> and his first wife. Mary exchanged some of her Chicago property for a home in Canada, sparking speculation that she might reconcile with her husband.They were married on June 14, 1913. They honeymooned to Alaska, Hawaii, the Philippines, Panama, and Cuba with their daughter Happy and son Ben. He started a newspaper wherever he went. The first thing he did was create a city directory. He worked for a publisher in Columbus, Ohio, and a newspaper publisher in Pennsylvania. He worked as a secretary and salesman for Western magazine after boarding a train for Chicago. He spent a month in Fargo, North Dakota, and Grand Forks, North Dakota after moving to Saint Paul, Minnesota.The Commercial, a newspaper that lasted for 70 years, was co-founded by him and James W. Steen. He became a reporter in Fargo after selling his share of "The Commercial" to his partner. The Dakota Clipper was bought by Boyce in Lisbon, North Dakota. The six-month-long World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition in New Orleans, Louisiana, began in December 1884. There were displays from all over the world. He was responsible for providing news stories on events and displays to over 1,200 newspapers. He moved back to Chicago early in 1886 after returning to North Dakota.He used to come back to North Dakota for deer- and duck-hunting vacations. The Mutual Newspaper Publishing Company was founded in Chicago in 1886. The weekly Saturday Blade was an innovation of the time and was sold by thousands of newsboys. The Saturday Blade had the largest circulation of any weekly newspaper in the United States. His detailed reports of his foreign travels were used in articles for the "Saturday Blade" and in books by the publisher. The Saturday Blade's success led to the creation of the W. D. Boyce Publishing Company. The "Chicago Ledger" was bought out by Boyce in 1892.The international Boyce's Weekly advocated worker's rights. John Mitchell of the United Mine Workers was one of the writers and editors for Boyce's Weekly. The Saturday Blade was consolidated with Boyce's Weekly eight months later. Farm Business was established in 1914 and Home Folks Magazine in 1922. The monthly Chicago Blade & Ledger was published until 1937, after the merger of the Blade and Ledger. He wanted to look after the welfare of 30,000 delivery boys, who were key to his financial success. He may have gained an understanding of America's youth by working with them.Being polite, reading human nature, and handling money are some of the responsibilities a youth learns from selling newspapers. There are many obstacles to overcome, but toil, grit and endurance will help you to overcome them all, according to the advice he gave to young men. You can help yourself and others. "Anything you have selected, never stray from that purpose a single moment until it is accomplished", that's what it says. The "Boyce Building" was designed by Henry Ives Cobb and was built in 1891. The most expensive building in Chicago at the time was this one. The Boyce Building was established in 1907 to consolidate his business operations.A new four-story office building was built in 1912 and expanded in 1913 with an additional six stories. The National Register of Historic Places was maintained by the United States Department of the Interior and the National Park Service. At a time when women had trouble finding work and were often mistreated, he supported labor unions and employed many of them. There were stories about the "nobility of labor" in his newspapers. During the Panic of 1893, when many businesses were laying off workers and cutting wages, his businesses were able to pay out wages and benefits. During the Pullman Strike of the Pullman Palace Car Company in 1894, Eugene V<mask>, the socialist labor national leader of the American Railway Union, was called a "great labor leader" and industrialist George Pullman, the inventor of the railroad passenger. When the Boyce Paper Manufacturing Company burned down in 1901, he immediately paid the workers and hired them back as construction workers to rebuild the paper mill so they wouldn't lose their income.He was also careful with his money. In 1894, when two of his workers were injured by a fallen smokestack and won $2,000 each in a court judgment, he appealed the case all the way to the Supreme Court of Illinois. He sued the Marseilles Land and Power Company for not supplying enough water power to his mills and won a $65,300 judgment. The Marseilles Land and Power Company fell into the hands of <mask> in 1903. Ben was hired by his father when he was 20 years old, giving him high-level positions in his water and power businesses. Ben's carelessness with his funds in activities such as betting on horse races strained their relationship. The postage rate for second-class mail was proposed to be raised from one cent to four cents per pound.In response, <mask> proposed buying the Post Office Department for $300 million, claiming that he would reduce postal rates by half, eliminate chronic deficits by applying business methods to postal operations, establish a rural postal express, pay rent to the United States Department of the Treasury for postal buildings, and return. The government stopped their planned second-class postage rate increase because of this offer. By the early 1900s, <mask> was a multi-millionaire and 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 He traveled as part of hunting expeditions. He hunted at Fort Sisseton when he was a young man. He hosted a lot of people, including his son, for activities such as hunting, fishing, dinner, and poker. The destruction of his mansion by fire in early 1908, followed three months later by the sale of his paper mill due to a new law that prevented railroads from negotiating with shippers, may have been part of the changes.The "Inter Ocean Farmer" and the "Indianapolis Daily Times" were bought by <mask> in 1914. The majority of Americans lived in cities by

masks:
William Dickson Boyce
Boyce
Boyce
David
Boyce
Boyce
William
Boyce
Boyce
Virginia Dorcas
Boyce
Boyce
Boyce
Boyce
. Debs
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texts: 1920. Lone Scout, "Saturday Blade", and "Chicago Ledger" all focused on rural customers. "Home Folks Magazine" was launched to regain customers. By June 1925, sales had fallen so much that he merged the titles into the "Blade and Ledger", which caused sales to rise again. "Movie Romances" is one of the first tabloid magazines about movie star romances. His ability to organize the administration of a business and delegate details to subordinates was the key to his success in the publishing business.He had a fortune of US$20 million. Both men were products of the Progressive Era, internationally prominent, had concern for children, supported Scouting, were adventurers and outdoorsmen, and were interested in civic reform. The 1896 Republican primary for a United States Representative (congressman) in the U.S. House of Representatives was a bitterly fought campaign which he lost to first-term incumbent George E. Foss. Roosevelt was a member of the Union League Club of Chicago when he met <mask>. During the Progressive Era, his ambivalence towards government was a common trait of the general public. <mask>'s Republican credentials and monetary contributions earned him an invitation to the presidential inauguration and ball of the newly elected successor to "T.R." The 27th President was <mask> Taft.The explorer Frederick Schwatka was financed to go to Alaska in 1896. A failed expedition to the Yukon River in 1898 is one of the expeditions that was financed by the success of the gold discovery near Nome. He began to carry out his own expeditions. The United States entered the Spanish–American War in 1898. The activities of this ship are not known. A trip to Europe in 1909 included a visit to his daughters in Rome. <mask> organized a photographic expedition to Africa with George R. Lawrence.He arranged his expedition in London and Naples. Benjamin and Raymond were part of the expedition. The expedition was sailing from Naples to Africa. By September, the group was in Nairobi. The entire expedition consisted of about 400 people, about three-fourths of whom were servants. It took 15 train cars to move the people and equipment to the area near Kijabi and Lake Victoria. The expedition was a failure because the hot air balloons were not suitable for the conditions on the plains of East Africa, the cameras were large and noisy, and the animals were scared away.The members of the expedition had to buy pictures of big game animals from shops in cities. Several species of big game animals were successfully hunted by the expedition. In December 1910, <mask> led a nine-month expedition to South America that was extensively reported in his newspapers. In January 1915, <mask> went to England because of his concern over World War I. He was given permission by the American Legation in Switzerland to travel into Germany and Austria for six weeks to report on the effects of the war. He returned home around April– May after sending reports to his newspapers. In 1922, <mask> went on another expedition to Africa for six months.He remembered the Dakotas, Kansas, Texas, Florida, and Arizona. He was in Egypt when the tomb of Tutankhamun was discovered. He sailed up the Nile River to Edfu, where the houses had no roofs and it rained for the first time in decades. Between his two expeditions to Africa, he shot at least one game animal. Scouting As <mask>'s interest in philanthropy grew, he turned to his childhood experiences in the outdoors as a resource, but could not find a way to channel his charitable ideas and dreams until a fateful stop to England while en route to what became the failed photographic expedition to Africa. The founding of the Boy Scouts of America, one of many civic and professional organizations formed during the Progressive Era to fill the void of citizens who had become separated from their rural roots, was the result of events in London on the way to and from this expedition. The Woodcraft Indians and Sons of Daniel Boone formed in America in the early 1900s, focusing on outdoor character-building activities.Theodore Roosevelt's writings and adventures contributed to the movements. The French Boy Scouts in Algeria saluted him and offered to escort him along a trail when they found out he was the founder of BSA and LSA in America. In 1909, an unknown Scout came to the aid of <mask>, who was lost on a foggy street in London. The boy explained that he was just doing his duty as a Boy Scout. Robert Baden-Powell was the head of the Boy Scout Association at that time. The Boy Scouts of America was founded on February 8, 1910. The program would be based on American Indian lore.The legend has been printed in many publications. One of the variations is that the Unknown Scout took him to Scout headquarters and that he knew about Scouting before this encounter. In actuality, he stopped in London on his way to the British East Africa. INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals The Scout only helped him cross the street and never took him to the headquarters. The unknown Scout gave him the address of the Scout headquarters, where he picked up a copy of Scouting For Boys and other printed material on Scouting. He returned to the Scout headquarters in London after reading this because he was so impressed that he wouldn't go back to America via San Francisco.He was told by Scouting in America that he could use their manual. There is a 1928 account that says there was fog. There was no fog in London. The Boy Scouts of America was incorporated on February 8, 1910, but it struggled from shortages of cash and leadership in the beginning. He personally donated $1,000 a month to keep the organization going, but he was against including boys of all races and creeds, which was at odds with his own expressed belief in the superiority of whites. He turned over the running of the organization to the YMCA because he was not interested in directing it. When the Sons of Daniel Boone and Woodcraft Indians merged with the BSA, there was much-needed leadership and management.Scouting's emphasis on outdoor activity was crucial in producing the type of leaders that America needed because youth reared in cities had too much done for them, whereas those from the country had to learn to do things for themselves. Scouting taught self-reliance, citizenship, resourcefulness, patriotism, obedience, cheerfulness, courage, and courtesy in order to make men. James E. West, the Chief Scout Executive, and the Lone Scouts of America clashed over a program for boys who lived too far from town to join a troop. If the magazine was published in Chicago, it would be published by the BSA. After the National Executive Board of the BSA turned down this offer, <mask> ceased being active in administrative activities of the program, though he remained a supporter of the program. As a result of this and his desire to serve boys who had limited opportunities as he himself did when he 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 Lone Scouts could form small groups known as "tribes", the tribe's treasurer was known as the "wampum-bearer", and LSA taught boys to respect the environment.The LSA's annual contribution grew to $100,000. In both the LSA and the BSA, <mask> was a manager and had little contact with the Boy Scouts. Frank Allan Morgan, a noted Chicago Scoutmaster, was hired by <mask> to lead the LSA after he returned from reporting on World War I. The LSA had over 30,000 members by November 1915. The title Chief Totem was given to <mask> by Warren. Youths can join the LSA by mailing in some coupons. The LSA and the BSA were competing for members.During the summer of 1917, the Gros Ventres Indian tribe made <mask> an "honorary chief" with the name "Big Cloud" during a three-day ceremony. The creation of a Lone Scout uniform was agreed to in late 1917. He stipulated that no Lone Scout was required to purchase a uniform. Lone Scout was the best magazine he had ever done. Lone Scout was so popular that it couldn't handle all the submissions, so many local and regional Tribe Papers were started. Lone Scout switched from a weekly to a monthly in 1922 because of the ailing newspaper business. The racial tensions in Chicago increased in the 1920s.The LSA changed the masthead of Lone Scout from "A Real Boys' Magazine" to "The White Boys Magazine" after issuing a formal declaration that it would only accept whites. The fortunes of the LSA began to decline after George N. Madison was hired as the first professional editor for Lone Scout. The LSA's membership roster was full of inactive and duplicate members. The number of Lone Scouts in 1922 was vastly overstated. The merger of the BSA and West took place on June 16, 1924. Lone Scouts who did not transfer to the BSA continued Lone Scouting as a separate division for another decade. Lone Scouts are not part of a pack or troop on a regular basis because of factors such as distance, weather, time, disability or other difficulties, even though they use the standard Cub Scouting and Boy Scouting programs.<mask> died of a heart embolism. His father didn't come home until after his son's death. His own health suffered because he was so sad over his son's death. One of the last things <mask> did was to publish his son's letters from his South Seas expeditions. He died of bronchial pneumonia in Chicago on June 11, 1929, and was buried in his adopted hometown of Ottawa, Illinois, on June 13, 1929, with West delivering the eulogy. Boy Scouts kept an honor guard with an American flag in a heavy rainstorm at his home and 32 of them were chosen as pallbearers. The entire American nation owes him a debt of gratitude according to a telegram sent to his widow.West dedicated the statue that commemorates his contribution to the Boy Scouts of America to him on June 21, 1941. The first year that the Silver Buffalo Award was given, it was to <mask> for his efforts in starting the BSA. He was the third recipient. During the 50th anniversary of the Boy Scouts of America in 1960, 15,000 Scouts and several of <mask>'s descendants gathered in Canada for a memorial weekend. The key address was delivered by the governor of Illinois. The Union League of Chicago named <mask> its first Hall of Fame member after he attended a 75th anniversary pilgrimage in 1985 with 2,500 Scouts. He was a member until he died.The Scouting museum opened in 1997. The W. D. Boyce Council is named after him. A Pennsylvania State Historical Marker is located on the campus of the Community College of Allegheny County. The park that was named for him is not far from the marker. The Extra Mile is near the White House. The William D. Boyce New Unit Organization Award was introduced in 2005. The Extra Mile National Monument is located in Washington, DC.The Extra Mile pays homage to Americans like <mask> who set their own self-interest aside to help others and bring positive social change to the United States. The works are in four volumes and include <mask>, <mask>'s

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Boyce
Boyce
William Howard
Boyce
Boyce
Boyce
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Boyce
Boyce
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Benjamin Boyce
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Diana Oughton
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texts: He is an actor, dancer, and commercial model. Mula Sa Puso, Budoy, Princess and I, Muling Buksan Ang Puso and She's the One are some of the films and television shows that <mask> has appeared in. He is best known for his role as Alexander "Xander" Grande III in the television series Forevermore. He has starred in films Just The Way You Are, Everyday I Love You, Dukot, My Ex and Whys, Seven Sundays, and Alone/ Together. <mask> was born on March 30, 1992 in the Philippines. He is the son of a couple. His parents are both Filipinos with Spanish, German, and Swiss ancestry.He has two siblings, an older brother named Javy and a younger sister named Diandra. His parents worked for Philippine Airlines. He is related to Dantes. In 2004, <mask> finished grade school at the Montessori De Manila, a private institute in Las Pias, and a secondary school in Paraaque. He went to San Beda College to study Information Technology, but put his studies on hold to focus on his acting career. He attended the Business Management Program at the Southville International School in Las Pias. <mask> started acting in 2008.His mother made him join My Talent summer workshops to overcome his shyness when he was 16 years old. He was pushed to try out for Star Magic. He appeared in a series of commercials before he was introduced to the media as a member of the Star Magic Circle. He played the role of Harold in the first season of Pieta. He was one of the " Eco-models" in I Love Betty La Fea. His mother convinced him to try out for George and Cecil during the taping of Pieta. The writer and director immediately cast <mask> to be on the show after seeing him.He was cast in the film Pitas as a brother of the lead character. He co-stars in the film Diego and His Brothers. He joined ASAP XV as one of the "Gigger Boys" in April, and co-starred in the teleserye "Rosalka" in which he played Andrew. His character was written off in favor of someone else. He played the younger brother of Paolo in the film Till My Heartaches End. He hosted for the first time on the teen variety show Shoutout! This was changed to Shoutout!The show was canceled due to poor ratings. <mask> got his first lead role in the remake of Mula Sa Puso in 2011. Jim was played in the 10th episode of Your Song Presents: Kim. He played Troy in Good vibes. <mask> had to turn down the role in the remake of Mara la del Barrio due to conflicting schedules. He replaced Albie Casio in the film Way Back Home. His stint in Budoy was successful.He was a part of the music video for "Ako Na Lang". In 2012 he starred as Dasho Jao Rinpoche in Princess and I, which became one of the most popular shows. The Reunion is a Filipino teen romantic comedy film. He was in a horror film. The Strangers was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 He made his first MMFF film. He was in a music video.Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile was portrayed by him. He appeared in a number of new projects after this. He was nominated for a best supporting actor award in the FAMAS Awards for his role in She's The One. His breakthrough film was considered to be an actor. The film made 12 million pesos on its first day and made 135 million on its fifth week. <mask> gained attention for his dancing skills through his signature moves to the song "Teach Me How to Dougie" and "Gentleman." He released a debut dance album under Star Records entitled King of the Gil which reached Gold status. <mask> held his first sold-out dance concert at the Smart Araneta Coliseum with special guests Angel Locsin, Vice Ganda, Kim Chiu, Vhong Navarro, Jhong Hilario, Arron Villaflor, Rayver Cruz, Martin del.<mask> made his debut on the radio drama Dear M.O.R. before proving his dancing prowess in the King of the Gil concert. There is a special on My Only Radio. MOR TV is on. Carlo, a romantic guy who gives everything to his liberated and dominant girlfriend Lois, was portrayed by the first-ever DJ on a radio station. Mirabella was the debut project of Julia Barretto and he replaced him in the series. <mask> was supposed to be in the film adaptation of Diary ng Panget but the author wouldn't say why it didn't push through. <mask> had a single with Sarah Geronimo and apl.de.ap.The music video was released on March 8. <mask> confirmed on March 16 that he would be in the film The Trial as Martin, the best friend of Ronald. <mask> was named the "most promising male star of the year" at the 45th Box Office Entertainment Awards. The film adaptation of the novel The Bet was announced by Star Cinema on June 25. <mask> and Abra did a version of "Totoy Bibo" for the album Decades of OPM. In October of 2014, he played the lead role of Alexander "Xander" Grande III, a hotel heir who falls in love with Maria Agnes Calay, played by Soberano in a hit romantic comedy television series, which marked a significant turning point in <mask>'s career. The series finale had the highest recorded national TV rating in 2015.They starred in a movie based on the book The Bet in June of 2015. The name of the film was changed to Just The Way You Are. <mask> and Soberano starred in the romantic film Everyday I Love You with Gerald Anderson, directed by Mae Cruz-Alviar. <mask> plays a man who falls in love with a woman who is in a relationship with another man. The films were box office successes. <mask> received a star on the Philippine Walk of Fame. In February 2016 <mask> and Soberano returned to prime time with the romantic drama Dolce Amore, in which he played the role of Simon Vicente "TenTen" Ibarra, a poor and hard-working Manila boy who will do anything for his family.<mask> was the lead actor in the action film Dukot, which was based on a real kidnapping incident in the country. It was co-produced by Star Cinema. He won the "best actor" award. <mask> starred in the romantic comedy drama film My Ex and Whys with Liza Soberano, who had previously worked with them in the romantic comedy television series Forevermore. The film won the GMMSF Box- Office Entertainment Award for Box Office King after it made 31.5 million on its first day. He played the role of Dex in the family comedy-drama film Seven Sundays. Both films made the Top 10 List of highest-grossing Filipino films.He was cast in the role of Lakas, a warrior in the television drama and fantasy series. During its five-month run, the show consistently ranked ahead of its competition and was number 1 in its time slot. The romantic drama film was written and directed by Antoinette Jadaone. <mask> was a biology student at the University of Santo Tomas and an avid fan of The Eraserheads when he was cast in the film. The film made the top 10 list. In 2020, <mask> appeared with Soberano in Make It With You as Gabriel "Gabo" Villarica, a lost soul who finds himself in the small Eastern European country of Croatia. <mask> joined the campaign to transfer her from the Manila Zoo to the Elephant Sanctuary in Thailand.The only elephant in the Philippines is in need of proper care and has been in captivity for the majority of her life. <mask> donated part of the proceeds of his King of the Gil concert to the victims of Super typhoon Haiyan. <mask> and the cast of FOREVERMORE participated in a charity basketball game to raise funds for the construction of houses for the victims of the typhoon. Butig and Salcedo are in Eastern Samar. Save the Children, a non-profit organization that advocates for children's rights and provides support for children in need, was the beneficiary of a virtual fan meet held by <mask> and Soberano. Business <mask> collaborated with a fragrance brand in the Philippines. His perfume collection has four scents.The men's and women's lines are called BMF and Malibu. In an official online launch event held on July 19, 2020, <mask> revealed details about how he personally produced and conceived the product with his sister. His father is fond of buying perfumes and wearing them. <mask> said that he likes treating himself and that he remembers lagi yung pasalubong niya for his mom. Treat your senses with those little things. People forget that you have to smell good. I want people to smell good and feel good about themselves.Shop & Share is a non-profit organization that helps underprivileged Filipinos get tested for cancer. <mask> launched HKT essentials with Soberano. The alcohol brand had a baby powder scent and was gentle on the hands even if it was 70 percent alcohol. Save the Children will benefit from a portion of the brand's sales. One of <mask>'s house projects was sold in Paraaque. His real estate business was called Gil Side Homes. In an interview with PEP.ph back in December, <mask> revealed that he has been buying and selling houses with his mother.Coleen and <mask> dated from 2010 to 2011. He and Liza Soberano confirmed they were a couple in February of 2019. Discography Notes 1 is a theme song for She's The One2 Together with Sarah Geronimo and Apl.de.ap. An endorsement is what the single is for. Together with Liza Soberano. The single is for a summer station. There are four with Liza Soberano, Daniel Padilla, James Reid, Nadine Lustre, and Bamboo Maalac.

masks: Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil Gil


texts: Lieutenant-General <mask> was a senior British Army officer. He commanded British Commonwealth forces during the Japanese Malayan Campaign and the Battle of Singapore in the Second World War, but was defeated in the Battle of Singapore in the First World War. The largest surrender in British military history undermined Britain's prestige as an imperial power in East Asia. His defenders have argued that under-funding of Malaya's defences and the inexperienced nature of the Commonwealth army were to blame. <mask> was born on December 26, 1887 in Aspenden Lodge, Aspenden near Buntingford, England, the second son of Alfred Reginald and <mask>. His mother was from a cotton family and his father was a land agent. In the 1891 census, his father was listed as "Land Agent", but it is unclear if this is still for E.S. or not.Hanbury's Poles estate is next to Sprangewell. Bengeo was where he was initially schooled. He was a boarder in School House when he was sent to Rugby with his brother in 1901. He studied Greek and Latin but was described by his teacher as not a good classic. A higher school certificate was the only qualification that <mask> had when he left in 1906. He ran cross country and played cricket and tennis. He was a sergeant in the school's Volunteer Rifle Corps.Although he was a member of the Youngsbury Rifle Club, he was still working as a clerk for the ironore merchants at the time of the World War I. After five weeks of basic training, he was promoted to second lieutenant in the Officer Training Corps of the Inns of Court. He would be dead by the end of the war. <mask> was promoted to captain in November. He was sent to France with the newly formed 7th (Service) Battalion of the Bedfordshire Regiment, which became part of the 54th brigade, 18th (Eastern) Division in February 1915. The first day of the Battle of the Somme left Percival unscathed, but in September he was badly wounded in four places, as he led his company in an assault on the Schwaben Redoubt, beyond the ruins of Thiepval village. In October 1916, after recovering from his injuries, he took a regular commission as a captain with the Essex Regiment.He was a temporary major. He became battalion commander in 1917 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. During Germany's Spring Offensive, Percival led a counter- attack that saved a French unit from capture. In May 1918, he was the commander of the 54th brigade. He was promoted to major and received the distinguished service order for his "power of command and knowledge of tactics". He was recommended for the Staff College after he ended the war as a respected soldier. During the North Russia Campaign of the Russian Civil War, <mask> volunteered for service with the Archangel Command of the British Military Mission, which delayed his studies.He earned a bar to his DSO in August when he attacked the Gorodok operation, which netted 400 Red Army prisoners. He commanded the Gorodok column on August 9, 1919, with great bravery and skill, and the forces on the right bank of the Dvina were able to capture all its objectives. He handled his men well during the counter- attack from Selmenga. 400 prisoners were left in our hands after the enemy were defeated. During the Irish War of Independence in 1920, <mask> served in Ireland as a company commander and intelligence officer of the 1st Battalion of the Essex Regiment. <mask> was noted for his intelligence-gathering and the establishment of bicycle-riding 'Mobile Columns'. He was accused of brutality towards prisoners, including the use of strikes of a rifle butt to the head, pincers to pull fingernails, and burning cigarettes on the body.The prisoners' testimony substantiated the accusations but the accounts have been challenged by a journalist. Tom Hales, commander of the IRA's 3rd Cork brigade, and Patrick Harte, the brigade's quartermaster, were captured by Percival and appointed Officer of the Order of the British. Both prisoners claimed to have been tortured while in custody. Hales claimed that a pair of pliers had been used on his body. Harte died in a mental hospital after suffering a brain injury. Ormonde Winter, the head of British Intelligence in Dublin Castle, later named Hales as an informer who had invented the story as an excuse for providing the names of his fellow IRA members in return for a lesser sentence. Tom Barry stated that Percival was the most vicious anti-Irish of all British officers.During an inquiry into the Anglo-Irish War, David Lloyd George was called as an expert witness. He stressed the importance of surprise and offensive action, intelligence-gathering, maintaining security and co-operation between the security forces in a series of lectures on his experiences in Ireland. According to his reports, these men immediately returned to their homes and organised the murder of those members of the RIC who had been instrumental in effecting their arrests, as a result of the government's policy of repeatedly releasing IRA prisoners between 1916 and 1920. J.B.E. is a historian. "Percival stood out for his violent, sadistic behavior towards IRA prisoners, suspects and innocent civilians, and he also participated in reprisals, burning farms and businesses in response to IRA attacks," Hittle wrote. According to his biographer, he was unfairly vilified by Republican propaganda because he was "tireless in his attempt to destroy the spirit of the people and the organisation of the IRA". Major-General Edmund Ironside was the Commandant of the Staff College from 1923 to 1924 and was one of the few sympathetic reviewers of his book, The War in Malaya.He impressed his instructors, who picked him out as one of eight students for accelerated promotion, and his fellow students, who admired his cricketing skills. He joined the Royal West African Frontier Force in West Africa as a staff officer after four years with the Nigeria Regiment. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1929. <mask> spent a year at the Royal Naval College in 1930. <mask> was an instructor at the Staff College from 1931 to 1932. Major-General Sir John Dill was the college's commandant when he became <mask>'s mentor over the next decade. "He has an outstanding ability, wide military knowledge, good judgment and is a very quick and accurate worker, but he has not altogether an impressive presence and one may therefore fail, at first meeting him, to appreciate his sterling worth".<mask> was appointed to command the 2nd Battalion, the Cheshire Regiment, initially in Malta. He attended the Imperial Defence College in 1935. General Staff Officer Grade 1 in Malaya, the Chief of Staff to General Dobbie, was made a full colonel in March 1936. He realized that Singapore was no longer an isolated fortress. He considered the possibility of the Japanese landing in Thailand to "burgle Malaya by the back door and conducted an appraisal of the possibility of an attack being launched on Singapore from the North, which was supplied to the War Office, and which he felt was similar to the plan followed by the Japanese Dobbie's plan for the construction of fixed defences in Southern Johore was supported by him. In March of 1938, <mask> returned to Britain and was promoted to brigadier on the General Staff.From 1939 to 1940, Percival was the General Staff of the I Corps, British Expeditionary Force. He briefly became General Officer Commanding of the 43rd Infantry Division in February 1940 after being promoted to acting Major-General. He was made Assistant Chief of the Imperial General Staff at the War Office in 1940 but asked for a transfer to an active command. He spent 9 months organizing the protection of the English coast from invasion. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1941. In 1936, Major-General William Dobbie, then General Officer Commanding (Malaya), made an inquiry into whether more forces were required on mainland Malaya to prevent the Japanese from establishing forward bases to attack Singapore. The Chief Staff Officer was tasked with drawing up a tactical assessment of how the Japanese were most likely to attack.In late 1937, his analysis confirmed that north Malaya might become a battleground. The landing sites on Thailand and Malaya were likely to be captured by the Japanese in order to achieve air superiority. Further Japanese landings in Johore could disrupt communications northwards and lead to the construction of another main base in North Borneo. The final sea and air assault could be launched against eastern Singapore from North Borneo. <mask> was appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) Malaya in April 1941. He had never commanded an army corps. After leaving Britain in a flying boat, he embarked on a multi-stage flight via Gibraltar, Malta, Alexandria, and Basra, where he was met by an RAF transport.There was a danger of being left in an inactive command for some years if war did not break out in the East, and there was a danger of being involved in a pretty sticky business if war did break out. The dispatch of a naval fleet to the newly built Singapore Naval Base was the focus of Britain's defensive plan for Malaya. The army's role was to defend Singapore. When the nearest Japanese base was away, the plan seemed adequate, but the outbreak of war in Europe and the signing of the Tripartite Pact made it difficult. At least until reinforcements could be dispatched from Britain, it was proposed to use the RAF to defend Malaya. The dispersal of army units around the peninsula to protect them led to the building of airfields in northern Malaya and along its east coast. The Indian army was particularly raw, with most of their experienced officers having been withdrawn to support the formation of new units as the Indian army expanded.He toured the peninsula and encouraged the building of defensive works around Jitra by relying on commercial aircraft or the Volunteer air force. Tactical Notes on Malaya approved a training manual for all units. The United States, the Netherlands, and Britain imposed economic sanctions on Japan in July 1941, cutting off

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Arthur Ernest Percival
Arthur Ernest Percival
Edith Percival
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