texts: <mask> was an American businessman and political leader. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, to Elbert L<mask> and Ellen Van Petten and went on to attend the University of California, Berkeley. <mask> ran oil companies from the mid-1920s onward. He founded the company in 1923. By 1933, <mask> was president of the company. He bought Coconut Island as a private retreat in 1947. His deals included a joint-venture with Pemargo in 1960, which was run by George H. W. Bush.Howard Hughes was involved in the expansion of oil production in the Gulf of Mexico. <mask> became a founding part-owner of television station KTVU in Oakland, a part-owner of the Los Angeles Rams football team, and a director of Western Airlines. The treasurer of the Democratic National Committee was <mask>. He was a member of the Interstate Oil and Compact Commission. He was a friend of the U.S. Through Truman's influence, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed <mask> to work for the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom in 1941. He was in charge of the convention.The United States representative to the Allied Reparations Committee was appointed by Truman. With the rank of ambassador, as well as industrial and commercial advisor to the Potsdam Conference, his main task was to revise the Yalta Conference agreements. Allen Dulles's former clients. The Secretary of the Interior resigned in protest when Truman tried to appoint him Under Secretary of the Navy. Ickes's resignation scuttled the appointment, and <mask> worked behind the scenes afterwards. <mask> served as a University of California Regent from 1940 to 1972 after being appointed by several California governors. He was against the creation of the University of California, San Diego.The Board of regents' harshest critic of UC Berkeley student protesters was <mask>, who supported Ronald Reagan. In 1965, <mask> was serving as a regent at the University of California when anti-Vietnam war campus protests began to grow. The CIA Director met with the FBI Director on January 28 to leak information to <mask>. There is a memo regarding the request to meet with Hoover. The year before <mask>, McCone graduated from UC Berkeley. At that meeting, Hoover was told that <mask> was upset about the situation at Berkeley, and was "anxious to get a line on any persons who are communists or have communist associations, either on the faculty or in the student body." Hoover phoned the FBI chief in Los Angeles and ordered him to give Pauley memos on regents, faculty members, and students who were causing trouble at Berkeley.Grapp was admonished by Hoover that the data was being furnished in strict confidence. On February 2, Grapp met with <mask> for two hours at his office in Los Angeles. Grapp gave him information about regents, faculty, and students who were considered "ultra-liberal". Ronald Reagan wanted to mount a "psychological warfare campaign" against the Free Speech movement and the anti-war sit-ins, which the FBI agreed to help with. Hoover noted that this has been done in the past. This information was not made public until 2002, after a fifteen-year legal battle with the FBI that went all the way to the US Supreme Court, as a result of a request for an in-depth San Francisco Chronicle investigation. The FBI wanted to protect law enforcement operations.The CIA cannot engage in domestic intelligence activities according to the National Security Act of 1947. <mask> began the February 2, 1965, meeting with Grapp by saying he was upset about the Free Speech movement and recalling a 1959 entry exam question about the FBI being a secret police. He accused Kerr of being a communist and had no use for him. The Board of regents was divided and <mask>'s group wanted positive action to be taken immediately to clean up the mess. He said that he had been unable to get the votes to fire Kerr. He blamed three regents who supported Kerr. Three people were named to the board by Governor Pat Brown.According to <mask>, the FBI gave the university reports on professors it was considering hiring. He offered to pay someone to check FBI files if he wanted to restore the procedure. After <mask> promised not to reveal that the FBI was his source, Grapp gave him a report on UC Berkeley immunology professor <mask> that summarized news stories from 1945 to 1956, noting that <mask> had been a self-avowed Communist Party official who tried to Since 1957 the FBI has found no evidence that <mask> was involved with the party. Grapp told Hoover on February 4, 1965, that <mask> could be used as a source on internal University affairs and could be used to remove suspected communists from the faculty. Hoover approved and one week later <mask> was given confidential information. According to Grapp, <mask> was most appreciative of the information he received.According to Grapp's report, as long as the current officials were in power at the university, UC would remain in turmoil. Thousands of students joined the protests. It was proof that Kerr had lost control of the university. Grapp was told by <mask> that two alumni were taking things into their own hands. They recruited athletes to beat up the demonstrators and hired a barber to listen to the students. There are at least two dozen more anonymous memos that Grapp could use to convince the regents to fire Kerr. In October, a frustrated <mask> told Grapp he was still two votes short of firing Clark Kerr.As long as Brown remained governor, Kerr would remain in charge of the university. After campaigning against "campus malcontents and filthy speech advocates" at Berkeley, Ronald Reagan's first move was to fire Kerr. Reagan's Legal Affairs Secretary, Herbert Ellingwood, met with FBI agent Cartha "Deke" DeLoach at FBI Headquarters and noted that Reagan was dedicated to the destruction of disruptive elements on college campuses. <mask> concentrated on his many philanthropic interests after he retired from the University of California system. He wanted to promote the use of his Coconut Island in Kne'ohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii by the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He kept most of the island for his family to use. The Edwin W. Pauley Foundation was established by his widow after his death.The University of Hawaii received a gift of the private portion of the island from the <mask> family in 1995 in order to build a new library and laboratory buildings. One of the world's premier locations for the study of marine biology can be found at the institute. The Pauley Pavilion at the University of California, Los Angeles is named after him. The Pauley Pavilion has been the home of the basketball and volleyball teams of UCLA since 1965, and <mask> donated almost one-fifth of the five million dollars needed to build it. The Pauley Ballroom at the University of California, Berkeley can seat up to 1,000 people in the Martin Luther King Jr. Student Union. There are references to Saxon, <mask>. The elder <mask> was 78.The New York Times biographical sketches were written by Linda. The Yellow Brick Road goes from Harvard to Enron. The UC Red Scare was mentioned in the San Francisco Chronicle. Business people from Indianapolis, University of California, Berkeley, and Woodward Academy alumni.

masks:
Pauley
. Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Politics Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Leon Wofsy
Wofsy
Wofsy
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Pauley
Wolfgang
Pauley


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> was born on January 15, 2004. She has been known to accompany herself on the ukulele. At open mic nights near her hometown of Suffern, New York, she began her musical career by posting videos of her original songs and covers. She won the eleventh season of America's Got Talent at the age of 12. Perfectly Imperfect was released on the Columbia Records label. Just the Beginning was released in November of last year. She released a second album.In November. She has performed at the Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Madison Square Garden, the opening and closing of the Special Olympics World Winter Games in Austria, various benefit concerts, the Austin City Limits Music Festival and on various television talk shows. The concert tour was in support of Just the Beginning. After opening a tour for Florence and the Machine, she went on to headline her own "Ur So Beautiful" tour. She made her acting debut in 2020 as Susan "Stargirl" Caraway in the Disney+ musical drama film Stargirl. She won the Radio Disney Music Award for Best New Artist and the Teen Choice Award in the same year. Tina and <mask> were born near Kansas City, Kansas, and lived in Lenexa at the time.Her father is Dutch. The family moved to New York when he became a vice president of marketing. He moved to South Carolina. There are two siblings, an older brother and sister. After winning America's Got Talent, VanderWaal was home-schooled and took online courses for 7th grade but later attended public school. At the age of three, VanderWaal began singing and making up songs. She wrote a song after watching movies and imagining what a character would be like if she were them.She saw a Twenty One Pilots video and decided to learn the ukulele. She asked for one for her 11th birthday, but her mother wouldn't let her play it. She bought one on her own using money she had received for her 11th birthday, and watched more videos to learn how to play. She is a member of the school's marching band. In 2015, <mask> began to record song covers and original songs and post them on her YouTube channel. "<mask>'s big-throated performance on 'A Better Life' is similar to Florence Welch andMiley Cyrus," stated a review of Just the Beginning in USA Today. There's a chirp in <mask>'s voice that's reminiscent of Swift, but otherwise, her vocals align much more closely to Sia's in her full-voiced belting and nonchalant pronunciations.She sounds like a child in her songs. She launches herself at huge choruses with a total lack of restraint in a voice that sounds refreshingly green. A reviewer for The Buffalo News wrote that she made her stand out as a truly unique and exquisite artist. The Chicago Sun-Times stated that, on the album, VanderWaal's "raspy-sweet-peculiar vocals recall Elle King, and she proves herself a modern-day Mozart". The Houston Chronicle's critics praised her "smart pop songs that beautifully showcase her persona and wonderfully peculiar rasp of a voice." A reviewer for the Dallas Observer said that VanderWaal's lyrics tackle "complicated issues with aplomb as her raspy, warbling voice undulates around each syllable." A reviewer said that the concert by VanderWaal in Seattle in February of last year was a well balanced set of ballads and full energy songs.Her teenage themed, yet old-soul-mind works complement her age appropriate stage and style. ... Her set was full of commentary and great vocals. The performance of her single "Clearly" on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert was said to be "powerful and stunningly bold". A reviewer for Mass Live said that she was a pleasant surprise and held her own in the arena rock scene. She won over the crowd. The tour reviewer noted that she had a flower crown and a great voice.The audience was enthralled by VanderWaal. <mask> is one of the youngest performers at Summer Fest. She's one of the most talented, bringing a honeyed, slightly frayed rasp to assured pop songs. "Stray" and "Hideaway" are a progression from her previous work, according to Vanity Fair. "Waste My Time" is a major departure for the teen, according to a Rolling Stone critic. ... Dream-pop bliss is the more mature track.The music video for "I Don't Like You" was called a sharp portrait by MTV's critic. ... With such deep-cutting lyrics... and sharp visuals. In the last four years, <mask> has been named to the 21 Under 21 list of "music's hottest young stars". She was listed in Variety's "Young Hollywood Impact Report". She was a finalist in the Best Female Artist category at the International Acoustic Music Awards. The Radio Disney Music Award for Best New Artist was won by VanderWaal.She was included on Refinery29's list of young actors, singers and activists on the verge of superstardom. She is credited with helping to boost the popularity of the ukulele, and in 2017, she was named the youngest artist ever by Fender, and the first collaboration with a ukulele player. The MTV Europe Music Award for Best Push Artist was given to VanderWaal. She is the youngest person on the Forbes 30 Under 30 music list. She was honored by the New York State Senate for her efforts to expand musical education. He had eight million followers on social media. She has more than one million followers on her Facebook page, as well as more than four million followers on her social media accounts.The 21 Under 21 list was once again named by billboard. Nominees for Discography include Imagine Dragons, Florence and the Machine, and Just the Beginning Tour.

masks:
Grace
David VanderWaal
VanderWaal
VanderWaal
VanderWaal
VanderWaal
VanderWaal


texts: <mask> was an American character film and Broadway actor. The American Academy of Dramatic Arts graduate made several films, including Crime, Inc., A Thief in the Dark, and All Through the Night. There is a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6101 Hollywood Boulevard. Conflict, Back Here, Judy, A Lady's Virtue, and Judy Drops In have Broadway credits. Pres Barrow Hips, Hips, Hooray! Alexander Garrison I Believed in You (1934) was written by Dr. Alexander Garrison. Donald Against the Law is a film about a murder case.If You Could Only Cook (1935), Don't Get Personal (1936), Freddie Miller Tango (1936), Foster Carver, Tony's Brother The Country Doctor (1936), Dr. Wilson In Paris, A.W.O. David Mr.


texts: She is a Canadian art historian, author, and independent curator. <mask> joined the Institute for the Study of Canadian Slavery at the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design in June 2020. She is the first black professor of art history in Canada. <mask>'s research interests include the visual culture of slavery, race and representation, Black Canadian studies and African Canadian history, as well as critical theory, post-colonial studies, Black feminist scholarship, and Black Diaspora Studies. <mask> has exhibitions at the Robert McLaughlin Gallery in Oshawa, Ontario, and the Leonard and Bina Ellen Art Gallery in Montreal, Quebec, as well as teaching and publishing in these areas. <mask> worked at the Canadian War Museum after graduating from the University of Manchester with a PhD in art history. She finished her PhD at the University of Manchester in 2001.<mask> was an assistant professor at the University of Western Ontario. <mask>lowsky Institute for Studies in Canadian Art in 2015. <mask> was a Faculty Fellow at the Institute for Public Life of the Arts and Ideas. She was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2016 <mask> was a Visiting Professor of Canadian Studies at Harvard University. <mask> was named as the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair at the University in June 2020 and will continue her research for seven years.<mask> will use the seven-year position to develop the Institute for the Study of Canadian Slavery. <mask> offers public presentations of her research. "From African to Creole: Examining Creolization through the Art and Fugitive Slave Advertisements of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Canada and Jamaica" is a lecture by the Art Gallery of Ontario. "Colonial Print Culture and the Limits of Enslaved Resistance: Examining the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth-Century Fugitive Slave Archive in Canada and Jamaica" is part of the Walker Cultural Leader Series. The lecture "Mining a Colonial Archive: Fugitive Slave Advertisements - An Untapped Resource in the Study of Slavery in Canada" was presented by Réseau art actuel. <mask> discussed her research on fugitive slaves in Canada and its role in understanding the experiences of Black communities in 18th and 19th centuries in the regions that became. "Fugitive Slave Advertisements and/as Portraiture in late Eighteenth- and early Nineteenth-Century Canada" is a lecture at the National Gallery of Canada.The lecture was titled "True North: Unmasking Slavery in Canada". J. Fred Weintz and Rosemary Weintz have an Art Lecture Series at the Department of Art & Art History. The Journal of Transatlantic Studies, The Walrus Magazine, Frieze, RACAR: revue d'art canadienne / Canadian Art Review, American Art, Topia: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies, and HuffPost have all been published by Select Publications Nelson. She is the author and editor of several books. The Robert McLaughlin Gallery published Through an-other's eyes: white Canadian artists, Black female subjects. The University of Minnesota Press published The Color of Stone: Sculpting the Black Female Subject in Nineteenth-Century America. Representing the Black Female in Western Art.Slavery, geography, and Empire in Nineteenth-Century Marine Landscapes of Montreal and Jamaica is a book. As an editor? A Critical Inter-Disciplinary Anthology of Race and Racism in Canada was published in 2004. The book "Ebony Roots, Northern Soil: Perspectives on Blackness in Canada" was published in 2010. Legacies Denied: Unearthing theVisual Culture of Canadian Slavery is a book. Towards an African-Canadian Art History: Art, Memory, and Resistance is a book by Captus Press. "Vénus africaine: race, beauty and African-ness" was a contributing author.Jan Marsh is fromAldershot, Hampshire and Burlington, VT. "Edmonia Lewis's Death of Cleopatra: White Marble, Black Bodies, and Racial Crisis in America" is a book. The authors ofAldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing LIMITED, are Deborah Cherry and Janice Helland. There are speculations on the visual: culture, race and diaspora. David Divine was published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. The chapter "Sugar Cane, Slaves, and Ships: Colonialism, Geography and Power in Nineteenth-Century Landscapes of Montreal and Jamaica" deals with the memory of the descendants of slaves. Cambridge Scholars Publishers published Ana Lucia Araujo."Buried in a Watery Grave: Art, Commemoration and Racial Trauma" is a chapter of The Black Body. The University of South Africa Press published a book on the topic. "Blacks in White Marble: Interracial Female Subjects in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Neoclassicism" is a chapter in Blackberries and Redbones: Critical Articulations of Black Hair/Body Politics in Africana Communities. The book was written byRegina E. Spellers andKimberly R. Moffitt. The "Hottentot Venus" in Canada is a chapter of Queerly Canadian: An Introductory Reader in Sexuality Studies. The Canadian Scholars Press published a book by Scott Rayler and Maureen Fitzgerald. The Art Gallery of Ontario is in Toronto.Women in the "Promised Land" essays in African Canadian history are about enslavement of black female subjects. Wanda Bernard and Boulou Ebanda are part of the Women's Press. Remembering Canadian Slavery. Black subjects in historical Quebec art. TheBruxelles; New York: Peter Lang, 2018). There is evidence of punishment, isolation, and trauma in Nova Scotia and Quebec fugitive slave advertisements. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group, 2018).In 2012 she received a Woman of Distinction Award from the Montreal's Women's YWCA and in 2016 she received a Teaching Award from The Arts Undergraduate Society of McGill University. There are external links to the University of Manchester and the University of Western Ontario.

masks: Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelsonaris Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson


masks:
Stephen Alexander Bowen
Bowen
Bowen
Bowen
Bowen


texts: She is a visual artist and political activist. Her artwork has been featured in the press and print publications worldwide. A pioneer of large-scale ephemeral public art installations in Lebanon and the Middle East, <mask> received her academic training in history, sociology, film, and the fine arts. Since the early nineteen-nineties, she has been a part of shaping the postwar Lebanon artistic scene through artworks that seek to provoke a discussion around issues surrounding the memory of wars. The personal and collective amnesia surrounding the conflict has been denounced by her. Her works show the importance of reflecting on the multiple memories of that war as well as the processes and necessity of national reconciliation. She asks for reflection and rebellion against the status quo when she questions the writing of History and the construction of identity in the Arab world and beyond.<mask>'s paintings, sculptures, and installations are time- and labor-intensive, drawing a parallel between her artistic process and the time needed to process memory. She is known for her use of repetition as a style and meaning-breeding effect, intersecting the work's experiential time, creative time, and archival time, especially in her large-scale installations, staged in urban spaces and in institutions, and which make use of everyday life objects. She is focused on the aesthetic and emotional charge of conceptual art. Fractions of Memory is one of her installations. Where are they? Haven't 15 years of hiding in the toilets been enough? Light at the End of the Tunnel is one of the paintings that incorporate layers of paint, objects, words and images.In Europe, the United States, and the Middle East and North Africa, <mask>'s works have been exhibited. <mask> is an activist in the field of human rights and political reform and ran for a seat on the municipal council of Lebanon. She is a founding member of the Civil Center for National Initiative, whose works include a legal campaign to remove reference to sect from state records, and an initiative to legally administer civil marriages in Lebanon. When the 1975 Lebanon Civil War broke out, <mask> was a teenager. She witnessed the physical and mental division of the capital city of Lebanon into East and West, and the danger of crossing the line between her house in East and her school in West. She graduated from the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris III with a master's degree in Sociology and adiploma in theoretical film studies after travelling abroad to pursue higher education. She studied film production at Boston University after moving to the United States.Her son was born a year after she returned to Lebanon. She completed her thesis at Paris-Sorbonne University when she was in Lebanon. She graduated from Boston's School of the Museum of Fine Arts in 1995 after returning to the United States with her family. She moved back to Lebanon after that year. <mask>'s experience of war in Lebanon inspired her to explore issues of separation and fragmentation, as well as those of other cities wounded by war, in her early works. She incorporated the visual and textual archives of different wars around the globe into her paintings and mixed media artworks. <mask>'s early career is typified by this close engagement with text.In her first painting series, War Games, she focused on issues of physical and mental division, and the difficulty of crossing from one side of town to another in times of war. She used archival images, press clippings, or text in her paintings to reference the divided urban landscapes of Jerusalem and Lebanon. The series of paintings Sarajevo (1995), which used similar techniques, bore witness to the everyday life of this city's inhabitants during the Yugoslavian Wars while drawing parallels with the life circumstances of wartime Lebanon. From the mid-nineties onwards, <mask> focused on the memory of the Civil War, and in particular the collective amnesia of the conflict condoned by Lebanon'sAmnesty Law of 1991. The New York Times and France's Le Monde published accounts of the dead, wounded, and disappeared during the Civil War in Lebanon. The mixed media works memorialized the victims of the conflict in order to heal the country. When reading T.S.There were rows of painted fragments of Eliot's poems on canvases. There was a parallel between post-World War I disillusionment and post-Civil-War Lebanon in the works. Every day for an entire year, <mask> painted over the front page of Lebanon's leading Francophone newspaper, Peindre L'Orient-Le Jour. She reorganized the news, masking certain articles while bringing others forward to the front page to comment on information and disinformation, journalistic truth and the use of archives. The photographs used in Martyrs' Square Revisited (2000) were taken before the beginning of the postwar reconstruction period in order to reflect on the history and memory of the Lebanon war. <mask> tackled socio political topics related to Lebanon throughout the nineteen-nineties. Legal Violence dealt with women's rights to the guardianship of their children under Lebanon's family laws, which are administered by religious courts belonging to Lebanon's different sects.A pioneer of ephemeral art installations in Lebanon, <mask> has also exhibited such works in other countries. She has been creating large-scale, site-specific installations in institutions and urban spaces since 2001. The underlying message of these works is that of national reconciliation and social change. They are often used to create spaces for personal meditation, social reflection, and collective healing. To convey the importance of acknowledging the legacy and memory of war and to promote national healing, <mask> has used objects as varied as rolling pins, brooms, and toilet seats. In her first installation, Promenade in Your Dreams (2001), she asked students at the International College, a private school in Lebanon, to describe the school of their dreams, writing or drawing it on a formatted paper and then putting it on wooden tablets. The responses were displayed in the open-air amphitheater.The collective memory of the Lebanon Civil War was the subject of her installations. In 2003 Fractions of Memory started with an open call to the public to share a memory of daily life before the war, writing it on a sheet of paper, resulting in hundreds of structures constructed with 20 tons of paper, which were displayed in Martyrs' Square. Plastic Memory Containers examined the relationship of the inhabitants of the city of Byblos with their 6,000-year-old heritage, which they generally claimed to take pride in, and simultaneously asked them about their recollections of the recent past, which proved more difficult to them. One hundred white plastic buckets were filled with 3,000 pieces of crumbled papers that were written a text questioning the meaning of a 6000-year-old history while having no recollection of the recent past. Sand, a reaction to desertification and the shortage of drinking water in Tunisia, was staged by Sehnaoui during the 3rd Mediterranean Art Biennale in Tunisia. The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 More than 3000 people were thought to be missing after the Civil War, and the 1991Amnesty law prevented inquiries into their deaths.In the ruins of an unfinished cinema in downtown Lebanon, an installation of 3,000 names and 400 photographs was put on white and black balloons. Haven't 15 Years of Hiding in the Toilets Been Enough?, an installation consisting of six hundred toilet seats lined up in a grid near Martyrs' Square, was exhibited two years later. The work was based on <mask>'s memories of the Civil War, a time when many Lebanon citizens used to hide in the bathroom. The installation, which tackled issues of immigration, was presented in 2008. One hundred school children were questioned about their family stories of migration, an urgent topic on both sides of the Mediterranean. In 2009, there was a sequel to Migratory Symphony, called Rubble. In the aftermath of the 2006 Lebanon war, <mask> took more than four hundred photographs of the aftermath.The display proposed a reflection on humankind's ability to

masks: Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui Sehnaoui


texts: turn fellow human beings' lives into rubble. The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 After the 2006 Lebanon War, the installation was conceived as a prayer for the future. A collection of brooms appeared to sweep words such as "obscurantism," "terrorism," "war" and "totalitarianism" as a reference to the acts of remembering and forgetting. In the context of the Arab Spring, the artwork at the Royal College of Art in London embodied a general gesture of civil contestation as well as a metaphor for starting again, one particularly important to the Arab world at the time. sweeping is a powerful collective project following a war or a revolution. Light at the end of the Tunnel was staged in 2012 in the Zaitunay Bay neighborhood.It invited passers-by to reflect on the politics embedded in a simple city walk, and acted as the embodiment of a collective will for a brighter future. Her return to painting and sculpture was marked by her solo show, How Many How Many More, at Galerie Tanit in Lebanon in March 2019. She considers herself a painter who broadened her practice to the public space due to a deep need to paint. <mask> insists on the importance of the meditative time of creation in her works, which are smaller in scale than her public installations. Her overarching project is to work on collective memory and build a hopeful future, and she is concerned with the memory of wars and national reconciliation. <mask> proposes a meditation on time, repetition, resilience, and hope at the personal and societal level. The series of paintings, Tulips for a Wounded Country, began as prints in 1991, and was first spurred by a walk in tulip fields in the Netherlands.These paintings of flowers, alone or in grids, constitute peace offerings to Lebanon, full of hopeful and celebratory symbolism, and envision the possibility of a non-violent world. A collection of large-scale paintings, How Many How Many More, marked by systematic repetitive series of colored stripes within which she inserted archival photographs, buttons, beads, open medication capsule, and strips of newspaper, created works at once cheerful and elegiac. The series started as a reaction to the ongoing wars in the Arab world, notably in Syria, and led to a personal reflection on the finiteness of human life, as well as a plea for peace. As the repetition of stripes is meant to echo one counting the days of life, these works underscore the way memory is at once fragmented, personal, and collective. Several sculptures addressing the socio-political stagnation in Lebanon and the need for a national reconciliation were conceived by <mask>. In Pieces represented a three-dimensional map of Lebanon cut into interlocking parts, resembling the separated pieces of a puzzle, as a metaphor for the constant divisions afflicting the country and the ability of Lebanon to unite their nation. The Bad News of the World was a close to two-meter-high pile of issues of An-Nahar newspapers painted black, commenting on the omnipresence of bad news.Information is no longer legible and the news cycle is interrupted. Another work, Broken, assembled punched-in ping pong balls in a vertical pole, making reference to the duality between vulnerability and resilience at the personal and the State level. Lungs displayed a line of exhaust pipes, painted white, on an exhibition wall to call attention to pollution, the collective desire to symbolically breathe, and to emit a sigh of political and social relief. How many exhibitions are there? Galerie Tanit is in Lebanon. Along these lines. The gallery is in the United Arab Emirates.The year 2009. There is a gallery at Virginia Commonwealth University. Haven't we been hiding in the toilets for 15 years? The Starco center is in Lebanon. What was the name of the year 2006? Where are they? Downtown, Lebanon.There were fractions of memory in 2003 Martyrs' Square is in Lebanon. Peindre L'Orient-Le Jour was born in 2000. The Galerie preuve d'Artiste is in Lebanon. Féminités plurielles is a group exhibition. Galerie Tanit is in Lebanon. Ourouba took place in savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesayThe art fair is in Lebanon. There was a subtitle in 2011. The Royal College of Art is in London. Lebanon's century of contemporary art was reborn in 2011. The exhibition center is in Lebanon. The 30th Salon d'Automne was held in 2010. Nicolas Ibrahim Sursock Museum is in Lebanon.New art from Lebanon. There is a museum at the American University. The Katzen Art Center is located in Washington, D.C. The art of the Féminin was created in 2008. The Museum of Modern Art is in Algeria. Voix de Femme is from the transmission survie. The museum is in Lige, Belgium.The art was from Lebanon. The Gramillion Gallery is located in Houston, United States. Lebanon - The Artist's View II. The Gallery is located in London. The arts of Tunisia were the subject of the 2004 IIIe Biennale. The Khaireddine Palace is in Tunisia. 2001 L'Exception libanaise.The Centre Wallonie-Bruxelles is in Paris, France. The Rossler Gallery is located in Germany. The collection of the Ministry of Culture of the United Arab Emirates is one of several prominent institutional and private collections. The author of the book L'Occidentalisation de la vie quotidienne  Beyrouth 1860-1914 is <mask>. She discussed her portrait of the Azoury family in the journal Bahithat. The Luciano Benetton collection's It's Always Been, Contemporary Artists from Lebanon, and the Galerie preuve d'Artiste, Chronique d' have featured <mask>. David Carrier and Joachim Pissarro's Wild Art was one of the highlights of the Mémoires fragmentées d'une guerre obsédante.catalogues of exhibitions Galerie Tanit is in Lebanon. Along these lines. The gallery is in the United Arab Emirates. There are 101 works of art for Syrian Refugee Children in Lebanon. The Lebanon XXIst Century Contemporary Art was reborn in 2011. The exhibition center is in Lebanon.The Nicolas Ibrahim Sursock Museum is in Lebanon. New art from Lebanon. The American University Museum is in Washington, D.C. 2008 L'art. The art museum is in Algeria. ArtParis-Abu Dhabi is a sign and calligraphy studio. 2006 Pinceaux pour Plumes, 42 peintres libanais.Nicolas Ibrahim Sursock Museum is in Lebanon. Lebanon: The Artist's View II. The Gallery is located in London, United Kingdom. 2001 L'Exception libanaise. The Centre Wallonie-Bruxelles is in Paris, France. Peindre L'Orient le Jour was published in 2000. L'Orient-Le Jour is in Lebanon.T.S. and <mask> <mask> were born in 2000. There is a man named Eliot. There is an art studio in New York City. Le Monde, the Los Angeles Times, El Mundo, The Washington Post, L'Express International, Courrier International, and Le Figaro have all featured <mask>. <mask> is involved in civic and political life in Lebanon. She advocates for the enactment of civil laws to advance individual freedoms, progressive policies to safeguard the environment and public health, and measures to empower women and give effect to human rights. An initiative to administer civil marriages in the country is one of the works of the Civil Center for National Initiative.She is a member of a public policy organization that works outside of political parties. She ran against candidates from traditional sectarian parties in both of her attempts to run for municipal office in Lebanon. She did not win the race despite earning around 28,000 votes. She has made the case for social justice, human rights and political reform in several articles published in the An-Nahar newspaper. Civil marriage, the environment, censorship, women's rights, human rights, and smoking bans are some of the issues she has addressed. She has called for reform of the sectarian political system and the laws governing parliamentary elections. There are links between living people and contemporary

masks:
Sehnaoui
Sehnaoui
Sehnaoui
Books Sehnaoui
Sehnaoui
Nada
Sehnaoui
Sehnaoui
Sehnaoui


texts: Jair Francoise Jurrjens is a professional baseball pitcher for the Guerreros de Oaxaca of the Mexican League. He played in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers, Atlanta Braves, Baltimore Orioles, and Colorado Rockies, and in the Chinese Professional Baseball League for the Uni- President 7-Eleven Lions. He pitched in the World Baseball Classic. Esther named her child Jurrjens after the biblical judge Jair. Carl has two other children, Carl, Jr. and Charlotte. The Senior League World Series was held in Bangor, Maine, in 2002. Jurrjens speaks a number of languages.<mask> was a free agent when he was signed by the Detroit Tigers. Jurrjens had a 2–1 record with 20 strikeouts and just three walks in seven games with the GCL Tigers. During his 2005 season with the West Michigan Whitecaps, Jurrjens really broke out. In 26 games, Jurrjens went 12–6 with strikeouts and walks. He was an All Star with West Michigan. He was named to the Florida State League mid-season All Star team after a 5–0, 2.08 ERA start with the Lakeland Tigers. The SeaWolves are the Double-A affiliate of the Tigers.<mask> went 4–3 in 12 games with the SeaWolves. The SeaWolves began the season with a pitcher. He was named the Pitcher of the Week. The SeaWolves' contract was purchased by the Tigers on August 15. On August 15, 2007, <mask> made his major league debut, becoming the first pitcher from Curaao to make it to the majors. He gave up four earned runs and took the loss. He recorded his first major league win in his next start against the Indians, allowing only one run on one hit.Jurrjens and Andruw Jones were both on the Netherlands national baseball team for the 2006 World Baseball Classic. The pitcher gave up three runs and lost against Puerto Rico in the World Cup. On October 29, 2007, Jurrjens and Gorkys were traded to the Atlanta Braves for Rentera. Baseball America listed Jurrjens as the Braves' 3rd-best prospect entering the 2008 season. At the end of April 2008, Jurrjens had a 3.05 earned run average and 28 strikeouts. Before the game on April 20, Jurrjens was asked how he felt facing Andruw Jones. "It's going to be fun to face him, and it's going to be even more fun to strike him out," said Jurrjens.Jurrjens struck Jones out three times. Prior to the All-Star Break, Jurrjens had a 9–4 record with a 3.00 earned run average. Jurrjens was named the National League's rookies of the month for June. After the All-Star Break, Jurrjens went 4–6 with a subpar 4.66 earned run average. In his first season, Jurrjens finished with a record of 13–10 and a 3.68 ERA. The 2008 NL Freshman of the Year award went to Jurrjens. Joey Votto was second and Jurrjens was third.Some people were skeptical of Jurrjens' future prospects as a pitcher in the major league. Jurrjens went into the season looking to avoid a slump. In the first half of 2009, Jurrjens pitched well, going 7–7 but posting an excellent 2.91 ERA in 19 starts. In the second half of the 2008 season, Jurrjens went 7–3 with an excellent 2.24 earned run average, but in the second half of the 2010 season, he went 7–3 with an excellent 2.24 earned run average. He was the Pitcher of the month in September. In 2009, Jurrjens finished third in the National League with a 2.60 earned run average and tied for the league lead with 34 starts. In the 2010 season, Jurrjens dealt with some health problems and went 7–6 with a 4.64 ERA.He missed September and the Division Series with pain in his knee and had surgery in October to repair it. After he was activated, <mask> got off to a good start, despite being on the disabled list. He was the Pitcher of the month in May. He pitched a one-hitter against the Baltimore Orioles on July 1, 2011. It was his eleventh win of the season and he improved his ERA to a league-best 1.89 At the All-Star break, <mask> led the National League in wins and was chosen to play in his first All-Star Game. The NL won the game 5–1.In four starts after the All-Star break, <mask> went 0–1 with a 6.26 earned run average. The Braves placed him on the 15-day disabled list due to pain in his knee. It was retroactive to August 2. He did not play for the Braves in September. <mask> <mask> had a poor start to the 2012 season, with an 0–2 record and a 9.37 earned run average in his first four starts. He was demoted to the Braves' Triple-A affiliate in Gwinnett on April 23, his first demotion in five seasons. Frank Wren stated that the move was intended to give Jurrjens the chance to work through his difficulties at the Triple-A level and get back on track.On June 22, 2012 <mask> was called back to the majors by the Braves after teammate Brandon Beachy injured his elbow and underwent Tommy John surgery. He got his first win of the season. He had a 6.89 earned run for the season. He became a free agent because he wasn't offered a contract before the deadline. The Baltimore Orioles agreed to a one-year deal with Jurrjens. The deal could have been worth $4 million. The Orioles signed <mask> to a minor league contract after reviewing his medical information.Jurrjen's contract was purchased from the Triple-A Norfolk Tides. He made his first start with the Orioles and picked up a no-decision, while the Orioles lost the game. He was optioned back to the Tides on May 21. He was sent back to Norfolk on July 1. The Orioles designated Jurrjens for assignment in order to clear room for <mask> Asencio. Jurrjens became a free agent on July 18 after opting for free agency instead of playing in Triple A. A minor league deal brought Jurrjens back to Detroit.Mudrjens was sent to the Triple-A Toledo Hens. The Cincinnati Reds signed <mask> to a minor league deal. He was 2-2 with a 4.46 earned run for the Louisville Bats. Harold Riggins was traded to the Colorado Rockies in exchange for Jurrjens. On July 4, <mask> made his first major league start in over a year, and he gave up eight runs on 12 hits. <mask> was taken to the hospital after the start because of his breathing problem. He said it was frightening.I couldn't do it when I needed to take a deep breath. Weiss said the altitude may have affected Jurrjens in his first appearance. He resigned to a minor league contract after being designated for assignment. He was 0-5 with a 4.60 earned run average in eight starts for Colorado Springs, and 0-1 with a 10.81 earned run average in two starts for the Rockies. The Rockies resigned Jurrjens to a minor league deal after he elected free agency, and he began his career with the Albuquerque Isotopes. He was released by the Rockies on August 28, 2015, after he had a 6.88 earned run average in 17 games. The Uni- President 7-Eleven Lions signed Jurrjens on February 13, 2016 in the Chinese Professional Baseball League.He was on the disabled list twice and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 He was released in August. He signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers and was assigned to the Oklahoma City Dodgers to start the season. In 10 starts for Oklahoma City, he was 4–3 with a 4.64 ERA. He was suspended for 80 games for testing positive for testosterone. He was elected free agency on November 6. Jurrjens joined the Tigres Del Licey in the Dominican Winter League.<mask> signed with the Long Island Ducks of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. In 9 appearances for the Ducks, <mask> had a 3-3 record and 3.55 ERA with 32 strikeouts. He was a free agent after the season. <mask> signed with the Mexican League for the 2020 season. The Mexican League season was canceled in 2020 because of the COVID-19 Pandemic. He became a free agent after that. The Guerreros de Oaxaca signed Jurrjens on June 7, 2021.Jurrjens played for Team Netherlands in the World Baseball Classic. A four-seam fastball by Jurrjens is currently at 92 MPH. Jurrjens has a changeup to lefties in the low 80s and a slurve to righties in the high 70s. There are External links to <mask> <mask>' statistics and profile.

masks: Jurrjens Jurrjens Jurrjens Jurrjens Jurrjens Jurrjens Jair Jurrjens Jurrjens Jurrjens Jairo Jurrjens Jurrjens Jurrjens Jurrjens Jurrjens Jurrjens Jair Jurrjens


texts: He was a Swedish German pharmaceutical chemist. Oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine, among others, were identified by the man who discovered them. There are organic acids, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids. He used to speak German to Swedish his whole life. In western Pomerania, at the time, there was a Swedish monarchy inside the Holy Roman Empire. His father was a grain dealer from a respected Pomeranian family. Margaretha Eleanore Warnekros was his mother.The art of reading prescriptions and the meaning of chemical and pharmaceutical signs was taught to him by friends of his parents. In 1757, at the age of fourteen, <mask> was sent to Gothenburg as an apprenticeship pharmacist to Martin Bauch, a family friend. This position was held by <mask> for eight years. He ran experiments late into the night and read some of the works of the champion of the phlogiston theory. Much of the later theoretical speculations were based on Stahl. The progressive and well-informed apothecary C. M. Kjellstrm had a relationship with the professor of chemistry at the University of Lund, Anders Jahan Retzius. Between 1767 and 1769, she worked as a pharmacist in Sweden.He and his friend, Retzius, studied the relation of quicklime to calcium carbonate. He became acquainted with a number of figures while in the capital. The great pharmacy of Locke, at Uppsala, which is 40 miles north of Stockholm, had a director in the fall of 1770. Professor of Chemistry was supplied chemicals by the laboratory. Bergman and his assistant, Gottlieb Gahn, could not resolve a reaction that Scheele analyzed and developed a friendship with. A red Vapor was produced by the reaction between melted saltpetre and acetic acid. The theory of phlogiston led to the discovery of oxygen.The free use of Bergman's laboratory was based on this friendship and respect. Both men were making money. He was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on February 4, 1775, after being nominated by Peter Bergius. There was a pharmacy in Kping in the 18th century. Between the end of 1776 and the beginning of 1777, he established his own business there. After taking his seat for the first and only time at a meeting of the Academy of Sciences on October 29, 1777, he passed the examination for the position of apothecary before the Royal Medical College on November 11, 1777. He devoted himself to scientific research after returning to Kping, resulting in a long series of important papers.He made a number of chemical discoveries that were later credited to others. The phlogiston theory was the dominant theory of gases in the 17th century. The matter of fire was supposed to be released from any burning material and stopped when it was exhausted. When oxygen was discovered, he called it fire air. He didn't believe that his discovery disproved the phlogiston theory, so he explained oxygen using phlogistical terms. He studied the air before he discovered oxygen. The environment in which chemical reactions took place was thought to be made up of air.The air was a mixture of "fire air" and "foul air;" in other words, a mixture of two gases. He heated substances such as saltpetre, heavy metal nitrates, silver carbonate and mercuric oxide. In all of these experiments, he isolated the same gas: his "fire air," which he believed combined with phlogiston in materials to be released during heat-releasing reactions. His first publication, Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer, was delivered to the printer Swederus in 1775 but not published until 1777, at which time both Joseph Priestley andAntoine Lavoisier had already published their experimental data and conclusions concerning oxygen and the ph <mask> Lavoisier.The studies of Lavoisier, Priestley, and others made chemistry a standardized field with consistent procedures. The abandonment of the theory of phlogiston was aided by the work of the man who discovered the substance that Lavoisier later named oxygen. The study of the gas not yet named oxygen was prompted by a complaint by a professor. When Bergman bought the saltpeter from his employer, it produced red Vapors when it came into contact with acetic acid. The explanation was that the saltpeter absorbed phlogiston with the heat and gave off a new phlogisticated gas when combined with an acid. Bergman suggested that <mask> look at the properties of the oxide. The concept of "fire air" (his name for oxygen) was developed through his studies of manganese (IV) oxide.He obtained oxygen by heating mercuric oxide, silver carbonate, magnesium nitrate, and other nitrate salts. Lavoisier was able to see the significance of the results. His discovery of oxygen. After both of his rivals had published, he did not publish this discovery until 1777. Although he would always believe in the phlogiston theory, his work reduced it to a simple form because the chemists of his day still believed that light and heat were elements. It was assumed that hydrogen was composed of phlogiston and heat. He speculated that his fire air or oxygen combined with the phlogiston in objects to produce either light or heat.When other chemists showed that water is produced when hydrogen is burned and that metal rust adds weight to them and that iron gives hydrogen, the theory of the "saline principle" of water was changed by him. The discovery of oxygen, as well as new elements and compounds, is thought to have been the first to be discovered. Sweden became one of the world's leading producers of matches after he discovered a process similar to pasteurization. One of the most important scientific discoveries of the 17th century was made by <mask>. He was able to identify some of the elements in the specimen, but was not able to identify a new element. A yellow-green gas with a strong odor was produced when he treated the pyrolusite with hydrochloric acid. The gas was denser than ordinary air when he found it at the bottom of the bottle.The gas was not in the water. It turned corks into a yellow color and removed the color from the paper and flowers. The gas was called "dephlogisticated muriatic acid" by him. The gas chlorine was named after it's pale green colour. The foundation of a second industry of disinfection and deodorization of putrefied tissue and wounds was created by Labarraque by 1824. There was a death in the fall of 1785. He contracted a disease of the skin in 1786 and it was so bad that he could see an early death.He married the widow of his predecessor two days before he died so that he could pass the title to her. The compounds and elements he used to start his experiments were dangerous to begin with and have since been found to be hazardous. In an age where there were few methods of chemical characterisation, he would smell and taste any new substances he found. Cumulative exposure to arsenic, mercury, lead, their compounds and perhaps hydrofluoric acid which he had discovered, as well as other substances took their toll on him, and he died at the age of 43 on 21 May 1786 at his home in Kping. Doctors said he died of mercury poisoning. The papers were published within fifteen years. The Transactions of the Swedish Academy of Sciences and Chemische Annalen were the first places where the papers were published.The work was published in four languages. Latin and German followed Chemical Essays by Thomas Beddoes in 1786. Another English translation was published in 1931. Excerpts from the Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire can be found in External links. It was Schwed. Acad. The above lab equipment image shows the Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer in German.

masks: Carl Scheele CarlAntoine Scheele Scheele


texts: The Spanish architect <mask> was born in 1858. He was responsible for a number of landmark buildings, and could turn his hand to many styles, including neo. One of his earliest works was the Palau de Justcia in Barcelona. The Caixa de Pensions building is one of the well-known buildings in Barcelona. The son of <mask> and Clementina Villavecchia Busquets, <mask> was born in Barcelona on March 21, 1858. His father was an outstanding Classics scholar, and the young <mask> was a talented painter and violinist. He graduated from the Higher Barcelona School of Architecture in 1882.The first work that he did was the renovation of the chapel of Sant Josep in the church of Santa Maria de Montserrat abbey. The church of Santa Engrcia de Montcada was destroyed during the Spanish Civil War. The Casa Cuys was his first apartment building. He received a lot of commission from the Church and the Catalan aristocracy. He and Josep Domnech i Estap were commissioned in 1886 to design Barcelona's new Law Courts. Sagnier married Dolors Vidal-Ribas i Torrents the same year construction of the enormous project began. One of the couple's children, Josep Maria, became an architect.The Barcelona City Council's Gold Medal for having won a prize in the Council's architecture competition three years running was one of the many honours that <mask> Sagnier received. He designed the emblem for the society of Catholic artists, the Cercle Artstic de Sant Lluc. He joined the boards of the Museums Board and the Caixa d'Estalvis de Barcelona. He was occasionally involved in politics, serving as a Provincial Deputy on two occasions, representing a Catholic group allied to the Lliga Regionalista. He was appointed Diocesan architect of Barcelona in 1923, and in 1923 the Pope created him a Marquis. He worked with his son in the later years. He died in Barcelona in 1931.Sagnier's work was very prolific, he was always ready to adopt new technologies, and he preferred to adapt to changing tastes. His career can be divided into three periods: before 1900 his work was eclectic, monumental and grandiose, from 1900 to 1910 he turned to softer decorative forms in his architecture, and after 1910 he deviated from the architectural trends of the moment. As well as the new church of Montcada i Reixac and the Casa Cuys already mentioned, Sagnier's early works included a project for the exposicin Universal de Barcelona, which was never built. The Pons houses, at Passeig de Grcia 2 and 4 are notable for their ornamental sculpture and wrought iron, and Casa Juncadella is notable for its ornamental sculpture and wrought iron. The sanctuary of Santa Maria Auxiliadora, made up of a choir with room for 300 people and a three-aisled nave, was given to Sagnier by the Salesians. The college of the Sacred heart of Jesus was designed between 1892 and 1894 and was neo-Gothic in style. The Centro de Nuestra Seora del Carmen y San Pedro Claver, a complex of housing schools and training workshops for young workers, was destroyed in 1936.The Frontn Barcelonés was the first facility in Barcelona for playing Basque pelota and it was open to the sky. The New Customs House in the port of Barcelona was built between 1896 and 1902, a typical example of his eclectic style. At the turn of the 20th century, Sagnier drew closer to the Modernista forms that were then becoming the fashion, particularly in the use of the applied arts, the proliferation of sculpture and ironwork, and the use of decorative stained glass, wall tiles and scratchwork. The Garriga house, at Diputaci 250, was one of the first works that could be described as Modernista, with its elegant use of sculpture, landscapes in stained glass, and the brackets that support the main balcony by Eusebi. The Juncadella house has many innovations by Sagnier such as trefoil openings, Baroque finials and the concentration of decoration in horizontal bands. The facade of the Carulla house was crowned by an allegory of painting. Sagnier worked in the field of funerary architecture for the Catalan aristocracy, such as the hypogeum of the Olivella family or the Juncadella family tomb, with its twin volumes flanking an obelisk.<mask> took over as the architect of the Benedictine abbey of Montserrat in 1903. The chapel of the Most Holy Sacrament, a sumptuous marble altar with gilded metalwork, and a sculptural group by Agapit Vallmitjana i Abarca are all gone. He received a commission to design a school in Perth, Australia, where there was a mission, New Norcia, under the auspices of a Catalan abbot. <mask>'s most important religious work, the Templo Expiatorio del Sagrado Corazn, on the Tibidabo in Barcelona, which began in 1901, is from this period. During his visit to Barcelona in 1886, Dorotea de Chopitea donated land for the construction of a church dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, after the one built in Rome. The foundation stone was laid in a ceremony led by the bishop of Barcelona. The upper church has a central dome supported on eight columns.The upper church and crypt were built between 1915 and 1951, but the exterior was not finished until 1961. The Gothic vertical of the upper church has the image of the Sacred Heart on it. The original Frederic Mars statue was destroyed in 1936 and replaced by Josep Miret in 1950. The Gothic of Sagnier's early projects are more flamboyant than the exterior of the church. There is a mansion on a spur of the hillside that is visible from many parts of the city, which is one of Sagnier's works from this period. The carved stone decoration is similar to that used in the Sagrat Cor church, and Sagnier used Montjuc stone as well as scratchwork and tiles. The gallery is reminiscent of the traditional Catalan farmhouse, the masia, and the towers and trefoil openings give it a mediaeval air."La Pompeia", a church and monastery for the Capuchin order, is one of the works from this period. The style of the tower in the west end is reminiscent of the style of the Santa gata chapel in the mediaeval royal palace in the Gothic Quarter. Sagnier entered a period of less intense professional activity and received plenty of official recognition. He adopted a personal, eclectic Classical style. The Real Club Martimo in Barcelona, an octagonal building that 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 The French Chapel in Carrer Bruc, with a crypt divided into three aisles and an upper church in neo-Romanesque style, was finished in 1927 by his son Josep Maria. The palatial residence of the marquis of Alella was built on the corner of the streets of Muntaner and Mari Cub, a group of buildings in a style influenced by Plateresque, with paintings by Josep Maria Sert.Sagnier designed buildings for the Provincial Board for the Protection of Children and the Suppression of Begging, which were built by Josep <mask>. The Bogatell district had an ambitious facility divided into pavilions with a frontage on several streets. In 1970, most of the complex was demolished and the only remaining structure is the pavilion. The headquarters building for the Caixa de Pensions de Barcelona savings bank is perhaps Sagnier's most important work from this period. There were to be offices on the ground floor and apartments for rent on the upper floors in order to make money from the investment. The main facade, dominated by the tower and giving onto the corner of Via Laietana and what was then the Plaa de Bilbao, has the principal entrance doors on the ground floor. The structure of the building is made of reinforced concrete and stone.The original banking hall was decorated with paintings and marbles and was lit from above by a skylight. Sagnier was hired by the Caixa to build an annex around the corner in Carrer Jonqueres. He was in charge of several branch offices for the Caixa. Sagnier executed the basilica of Sant Josep Oriol in Carrer Diputaci between 1915 and 1926 as a result of Spain's neutrality during the First World War. The church breaks with the contemporary fashion for Mediaevalism, adopting instead the form of a Roman basilica with aisles separated by arcades, a pattern subsequently used in the post-Civil War period. In 1915 he designed a project to lay out the area of Montjuc, but it wasn't used. The reconstruction of the Hotel Coln, which no longer exists, was one of the two commissions he received in this time.Sagnier worked less in the late 1920s and early 1930s, but his late works include the Patronato Ribas, an orphanage in Vall d'Hebron 93-103, which is an ingeniously structured complex of buildings, arranged symmetrically around the axis of the chapel. There is a secondary school in the buildings. Sagnier was a member of the jury that decided on projects for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition on Montjuc, as well as the competition for the design of the Central Palace of the expo. Sagnier was hired to restore the Archbishop's Palace in Barcelona, which included modifying the interior courtyard, revealing an original Gothic window and Romanesque arcades, and constructing a new staircase. The choir stalls of Barcelona cathedral were to be moved, but this project was never carried out. He was a member of the Provincial Council and designed the Spanish Provinces pavilion for the 1929 expo, with an equestrian statue of Saint George. The pavilion for the Catalan provinces was built in the shape of the traditional Catalan farmhouse, the masia, at the Ibero-American Exposition in 1929.There is a list of principal works Barcelona Castelldefels Monistrol de Montserrat Montcada i Reixac Perth. Santi: <mask> <mask> was published in 1992. The Art de Catalunya is by Barral i Altet. L'isard, Barcelona, 1999, Arquitectura religiosa moderna i contempornia. The Histria de l'Art Catal was written by Miralles. Del noucentisme, Ed., was written in the late 19th century. 62, Barcelona.Lacuesta is a l'entorn de Barcelona. Pedro: Summa Artis. Espasa Calpe is in Madrid. Llus Permanyer is the author of Barcelona modernista. Polgrafa was in Barcelona in 1993. <mask> is one of the various authors. <mask> Bassas, Barcelona, 2007, Arquitecte, Barcelona 1858- 1931.Santi Barjau and Ruta Sagnier are related. The Ayuntamiento de Barcelona was founded in 1858-1931. Hfer is the Sagnier Architect by <mask> Bassas. There are external links to the biography of <mask> Sagnier Antonio Sagnier Architects of Roman Catholic churches.

masks:
Enric Sagnier i Villavecchia
Llus Sagnier i Nadal
Enric Sagnier
Enric
Enric
Sagnier
Sagnier
Maria Sagnier
Enric
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Antonio Sagnier
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texts: Field marshal <mask> was a South African leader and philosopher. He was the prime minister of the Union of South Africa from 1919 to 1924 and 1939 to 1948. The British Cape Colony had Afrikaner parents. He studied law at Christ's College, Cambridge on a scholarship. He returned home the year after he was called to the bar at the Middle Temple. The capital of the South African Republic was where Smuts practiced law. After the outbreak of war in 1899, he was in charge of the republic's delegation to the conference.He was involved in the negotiation of the Treaty of Vereeniging, which ended the war and resulted in the annexation of the South African Republic and Orange Free State into the British Empire. He became a cabinet minister under Louis Botha. Smuts helped shape the constitution of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The South African Party was established by Botha and Smuts, with Botha becoming the union's first prime minister. During World War I, he was responsible for the Union Defence Force. At the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, he advocated for the creation of the League of Nations and secured South African control over the former German South-West Africa. Smuts held the office of prime minister until the South African Party's defeat at the 1924 general election.The National Party was founded by B. M. Hertzog. He was a professor for several years and used the term "holism" before returning to politics as a deputy prime minister in a coalition. <mask> returned as prime minister in 1939 and led South Africa into World War II. He was appointed field marshal in 1941 and in 1945 signed the UN Charter, the only signer of the Treaty of Versailles to do so. His second term in office ended with the victory of the reconstituted National Party at the 1948 general election, with the new government beginning the implementation of apartheid. The League of Nations, United Nations and Commonwealth of Nations were established by Smuts. On May 24, 1870, Smuts was born at the family farm, Bovenplaats, in the Cape Colony.His parents were prosperous traditional Afrikaner farmers and highly respected. <mask> would stay on the farm as the second son of the family. Only the first son was supported for a formal education in this system. When <mask> was twelve, his older brother died and <mask> was sent to school. The school that <mask> attended was Riebeek West. Despite his late start, he caught up with his peers within four years. He was admitted to Victoria College at the age of sixteen.He immersed himself in literature, the classics, and Bible studies after he learned High Dutch, German, and Ancient Greek. His traditional upbringing and serious outlook led to social isolation from his peers. He graduated with double first-class honours in Literature and Science. Smuts began to cast off some of his shyness during his last years at Stellenbosch. He met Isie Krige at this time. <mask> won a scholarship for overseas study after graduating from college. He wanted to study law at Christ's College and attend the University of Cambridge.It was difficult for <mask> to settle at Cambridge. He was isolated by his age and upbringing from the English undergraduates. He was unhappy because his scholarship was not enough to cover his university expenses. Professor J. I. Marais is a friend of Victoria College. Professor Marais encouraged <mask> to let him know if he ever found himself in need again after he received a cheque for a substantial sum. <mask>'s financial standing was secure thanks to Marais. Although he retained a single-minded dedication to his studies, he gradually began to enter more into the social aspects of the university.<mask> studied a lot of subjects while in Cambridge. He wrote a book about the evolution of personality. It was not published until 1973, after his death, but it can be seen that <mask> was already thinking about his later philosophy of holism. Smuts graduated with a double first. The George Long prize in Roman Law and Jurisprudence was one of the academic prizes he had received over the previous two years. <mask> was described as the most brilliant student he had ever met by his tutor. The Master of Christ's College said in 1970 that "in 500 years of the College's history, of all its members, past and present, three had been truly outstanding."Smuts entered the Middle Temple after passing the exams for the Inns of Court. Christ's College in Cambridge gave him a fellowship in law. Smuts turned his back on the future. He was determined to make his future in the Cape Colony. The abrasive nature of Smuts made him few friends. He began to devote more and more of his time to politics and journalism after finding little financial success in the law. Smuts joined the Afrikaner Bond because he was interested in a united South Africa.<mask>' father knew the leader of the group. Cecil Rhodes was the owner of the De Beers mining company. <mask> was an advocate and supporter of Rhodes. 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 He quit De Beers because he felt betrayed by his employer, friend and political ally. He became the state attorney in the capital of the South African Republic. Relations between the British and the Afrikaners deteriorated after the Jameson Raid.War seemed to be imminent by 1898. The president of the Orange Free State called for a peace conference. <mask> had an intimate knowledge of the British. Conflict between the two led to the collapse of the conference, consigning South Africa to war. The Second Boer War of 1899–1902 began when the Boer republics launched an offensive into the British-held Natal and Cape Colony areas. Smuts was Paul Kruger's eyes and ears in the early stages of the conflict, handling propaganda, logistics, communication with generals and diplomats, and anything else that was required. In the second phase of the war, <mask> was a member of the Western Transvaal.The unit evaded and harassed the British army forty times its size, and excelled at hit-and-run warfare. There was good hope for the cause in the Cape Colony according to the deputation in Europe. When they realized that General de la Rey could not be spared in the Western Transvaal, they decided to act more cautiously. Smuts had a small force of 300 men follow him. The British scorched-earth policy left little grazed land. Smuts had to leave the cavalry that joined him because they were too weak to continue. Intelligence said that Smuts had about 3000 men.The town of Okiep is a copper-mining town in the Northern Cape Province. Smuts packed a train full of explosives and tried to push it downhill into the town in order to bring the garrison to its knees. <mask> proved his point that he would not stop until he defeated his enemies. According to Norman Kemp Smith, General Smuts read from the Critique of Pure Reason on the evening before the raid. Smith contended that this showed how Kant's critique can be a refuge as well as a means to sharpen the wit. The United Kingdom had no choice but to offer a ceasefire and a peace conference because of the British failure to appease the Transvaal. The proposed terms of surrender were discussed by Smuts and Lord Kitchener before the conference.The representatives from the Orange Free State and the South African Republic had to negotiate with each other. He stressed the importance of not sacrificing the Afrikaner people for independence, even though he admitted that the war could continue. More than 20,000 women and children have died in the concentration camps of the enemy. "Comrades, we decided to stand to the bitter end because it would have been a crime to continue the war without help from elsewhere," he said. Like men, we should admit that the end has come for us and we are in a worse shape than we thought. The conference voted 54 to 6 in favor of peace after his opinions. The acting State President of the South African Republic, Schalk Willem Burger, and the acting State President of the Orange Free State, Christiaan, signed the treaty after the representatives of the governments met Lord Kitchener.Nothing could mask the fact that the Boers had been defeated. The Anglophone elite, known as Milner's Kindergarten, was established by Lord Milner, who had full control of all South African affairs. <mask> was not allowed to be an Afrikaner. In January 1905, he joined with other former Transvaal generals to form a political party to fight for the Afrikaner cause. Louis Botha was elected leader. When his term of office ended, Lord Selborne took over as High Commissioner. Botha was urged to convince the Liberals to support Het Volk's cause by <mask>.The decision paid off when the Conservative government collapsed in December 1905. Botha and <mask> traveled to London to negotiate full self-government for the Transvaal within British South Africa. The South Africans used the political issue of South Asian labourers to convince Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman. In December 1906, elections were held for the Transvaal parliament, after <mask> worked on the new constitution. <mask> won a comfortable victory in the Wonderboom constituency despite being shy and reserved. His victory was one of many, with Botha forming the government. The cabinet positions of the Colonial Secretary and Education Secretary were given to <mask> to reward his efforts.800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Calvinist teachings were demanded in schools by the Dutch Reformed Church, which he had once been a member of. The movement for equal rights for South Asian workers was opposed by the Colonial Secretary. South African unification was the main political debate of the day during the years of Transvaal self-government. Since the British victory in the war, it has been an inevitability, but it was up to the South Africans to decide how it would be formed. English is the only official language in a unitary state, with power in the hands of the local government. He called a constitutional convention in October of 1908 to impress his countrymen.The delegation from Orange River Colony refused every one of <mask>' demands. <mask> tailored his own ambitions according to the opposition and their objections. He allowed compromise on the location of the capital, but not on the fundamental structure of government. As the convention drew into autumn, the Orange leaders began to see a final compromise as necessary to secure the concessions that Smuts had already made. <mask>' draft South African constitution was approved by the South African colonies. The constitution was passed by Parliament and given royal assent by King Edward VII in 1909. Afrikaners held the key to political power as the majority of the electorate, and the Union of South Africa was born.The prime minister of the new country, Botha, was given three key ministries: Interior, Mines, and Defence. <mask> was the second most powerful man in South Africa. The Afrikaners formed the South African Party to solidify their dominance of South African politics. The co-operation ended soon after. The cabinet was shuffled after <mask> was criticized for his powers. <mask> gained control of Finance after losing Interior and Mines. <mask>' opponents decried his possession of both Defence and Finance, two departments that were usually at odds.The Old Boers called for Botha and <mask> to step down at the 1913 South African Party conference. The two narrowly survived a confidence vote, and the troublesome triumvirate left the party for good. South Africa's wealth was brought about by the mines that were brought about by internal party politics. A small-scale miners' dispute flared into a full-blown strike, and rioting broke out after <mask> interceded. After police shot dead twenty-one strikers, <mask> and Botha headed to South Africa to resolve the situation. Facing threats to their own lives, they negotiated a cease-fire. In 1914, a railway strike turned into a general strike after the cease-fire did not hold.<mask> declared martial law because of threats of a revolution. He deported union leaders without trial and used Parliament to exonerate him and the government. The National Party was set up to fight the Botha-Smuts partnership. The Union Defence Force was formed during the First World War. The Maritz Rebellion was suppressed by November 1914. He and Louis Botha led the South African army into German South-West Africa and conquered it. General <mask> took charge of the conquest of German East Africa in 1916.J.H.V. is a Col (later BGen). General Smuts' Campaign in East Africa was published by Crowe in 1918. On February 18, 1916, <mask> was promoted to lieutenant general and on January 1, 1917, he was promoted to lieutenant general for distinguished service in the field. Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen, Smuts' chief Intelligence officer, was very critical of his conduct during the campaign. He believed that Horace Smith-Dorrien, who had saved the British Army during the retreat from Mons, would have defeated the Germans. Thousands of Imperial troops died of disease in the field because the flanking movements preferred by Smuts took longer. He wrote that Smuts had cost Britain hundreds of lives and millions of dollars by his caution.In October/November 1916, after being relieved by <mask> due to symptoms of depression, he was invalided back to England. After being invited to join the Imperial War Cabinet and the War Policy Committee by David Lloyd George, <mask> left Africa and went to London. With Russian commitment to the war wavering, France or Italy would be tempted to make a separate peace. Smuts refused the command unless promised resources for a decisive victory, and he agreed with Robertson that Western Front commitments did not justify a serious attempt to capture Jerusalem. Allenby was appointed. Like other members of the War Cabinet, Smuts' commitment to the Western Front was affected by Third Ypres. Following the German Gotha Raids, Smuts

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texts: wrote a review of the British Air Services, which was called the Smuts Report.General Sir David Henderson was part of the team that helped him. The Royal Air Force was formed as a result of this report. The idea of appointing Smuts Commander-in-Chief of all land and sea forces facing the Ottoman Empire was being considered by Lloyd George. Early in 1918, <mask> was sent to Egypt to confer with Allenby and Marshall, and prepare for major efforts in that theatre. He urged Robertson's removal before he left because of the exaggerated estimates. Allenby told Smuts that there was no merit in any further advance of Robertson's private instructions. The speed of the advance was limited by the need to lay fresh rail track, so he worked with Smuts to draw up plans to reach Haifa by June and Damascus by the autumn.Allenby had a successful offensive later in the year. Like most British Empire political and military leaders in World War I, <mask> thought the American Expeditionary Forces lacked proper leadership and experience to be effective quickly. He was in favor of the Anglo- French policy towards the Americans. He had a low opinion of General John J. Pershing, so much so that he proposed to Lloyd George that he be relieved of command and placed under someone more confident. He did not like it when it was leaked. The Paris Peace Conference was attended by Statesman <mask> and Botha. Both were in favor of limited compensation for Germany.The League of Nations failed to materialise. The conference's approval of a Czechoslovak-Romanian invasion and harsher terms in the Treaty of Trian was due to the Hungarian Communist Party's refusal to meet him. The Treaty of Versailles gave South Africa a Class C mandate over German South-West Africa, which was occupied from 1919 until 1990. Australia was given a similar mandate over New Zealand, which it held until 1975. The Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes was worried about the rising power of Japan after the First World War. When former German East Africa was divided into three mandated territories, Smutsland was one of the proposed names. The League's decision to give South-West Africa only a mandate status was disappointing for Smuts, who had hoped to incorporate the territory to South Africa.After the conference, <mask> returned to South African politics. <mask> served as prime minister until 1924, when he was defeated by the National Party. "Not Wilson, but humanity failed at Paris" was what <mask> was quoted as saying after Wilson's death. <mask> went to Ireland in June 1921 to help broker a peace deal between the warring British and Irish nationalists. Smuts tried to sell the idea that Ireland would get the same status as Australia and South Africa. <mask> was involved in a number of scandals. In March of 1921, airplanes were used to bomb white miners who were striking in opposition to proposals to allow non-whites to do more skilled and semi-skilled work previously reserved to whites.The colour bar was removed in the hope that it would lower wage costs. The attacks on non-Europeans and African miners by the white miners culminated in a general assault on the police. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,  The Martial Law Commission found that Smuts used larger forces than they were required to. On May 24, 1921, eight hundred South African policemen and soldiers armed with maxim machine guns and two field artillery guns massacred 163 members of an indigenous religious sect known as "Israelites" in the eastern Cape. One trooper was wounded and one horse was killed. There were more charges of the unnecessary use of force.There was no commission of inquiry. Smuts supported the actions of the South African Administration in attacking the Bondelswarts in South West Africa. There was a rebellion of 500 to 600 people, of which 200 were said to be armed, and the administration moved to crush them. 400 armed men were sent by the Mandatory Administrator to bomb the Bondelswarts. There were a few women and children who died. More than 500 men were wounded or taken prisoner. South Africa's reputation was hurt.The Bondelswarts shooting is described by Ruth First as "the Sharpeville of the 1920s". Smuts collected plants in southern Africa. He and John Hutchinson went on several botanical expeditions in the 1920s and 1930s. Smuts was a supporter of mountaineers. One of his favorite routes was up Table Mountain. He created a memorial to the members of the Mountain Club who were killed in World War I. African-American historian and Pan-Africanist W. E. B. assessed Smuts's role in international affairs in 1925.The New Negro is the greatest character of the white race and is the subject of an article written by Du Bois. He is fighting to take control of Laureno Marques from a nation that recognizes the equality of black folk, even though it does not realize, and he is fighting to keep India from political and social equality in the empire. In all this he expresses bluntly, and yet not without finesse, what a powerful host of white folk believe, but do not say in New Orleans, San Francisco, Hongkong, Berlin, and London. In December 1934, Smuts spoke to an audience at the Royal Institute of International Affairs about how the inferiority complex can be removed from Germany. There is only one way to recognize her complete equality of status with her fellows and that is to do so without fear or favor. While one understands and sympathizes with French fears, one can't help but feel for Germany in the prison of inferiority, sixteen years after the end of the war. The Versailles status is becoming an offence to the conscience of Europe and a danger to future peace.Ordinary prudence makes it necessary. Europe will reap a rich reward in tranquility, security and returning prosperity if we break these bonds and set the complexed-obsessed soul free in a decent human way. He states in his address that the new tyranny is appealing to youth everywhere. Our fair western civilisation must be saved by a counterstroke of freedom. There is a call coming to our youth. The fight for human freedom is the most important issue of the future. <mask> returned as deputy prime minister in a 'grand coalition' government after nine years in opposition and academia.The name of the person is B. M. Hertzog. The motion to remain out of the war was defeated in Parliament by a vote of 80 to 67 after the coalition split. Sir Patrick Duncan refused to allow a general election on the issue. Duncan invited <mask> to form a government and become prime minister again in order to lead the country into World War II. <mask> was appointed a field marshal of the British Army on May 24, 1941. As early as 1940, there was an audacious plan to appoint <mask> as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom if Churchill were to die during the war. The idea was put forward by Sir John Colville to Queen Mary and George VI.He represented South Africa at the drafting of the United Nations Charter. He was one of seven candidates who qualified for the prize in peace. He didn't nominate any of them. The person nominated was Cordell Hull. During the second period in office as Prime Minister, a number of social security reforms were carried out. In 1944 and 1947, old-age pensions and disability grants were extended to 'Indians' and 'Africans', but there were differences in the level of grants paid out based on race. The Workmen's Compensation Act of 1941 "insured all employees regardless of payment of the levy by employers and increased the number of diseases covered by the law" and the Unemployment Insurance Act of 1946 introduced unemployment insurance on a national scale.<mask> was still representing his country. The Duke of Edinburgh invited him to the 1947 wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip. His preoccupation with the war had repercussions in South Africa. <mask>' support of the war made him unpopular with the Afrikaner community and Daniel Franois Malan's pro-apartheid stance won the 1948 general election. He was elected Chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1948, becoming the first person from outside the United Kingdom to hold that position. He held the position until his death. He was appointed Colonel-in-Chief of the Westelike Provinsie on 17 September 1948.The London Declaration transformed the British Commonwealth into the Commonwealth of Nations and made it possible for the newly independent India to remain a member. Afrikaner Conservatism was identified with republicanism in South Africa. <mask> died on May 29, 1950, a week after the public celebration of his eightieth birthday. He died of a heart attack on his family farm on September 11, 1950. The first time they met, Smuts questioned the young Churchill, who had been captured by Afrikaners during the Boer War. The next time was in 1906, when <mask> was leading a mission about South Africa's future to London. The Union of South Africa was granted dominion status in 1910 after the British Cabinet shared Churchill's sympathetic view.In World War I, Lloyd George appointed <mask> to the war cabinet, where he served as a minister. Both formed a friendship that lasted through World War II and thewilderness years. The only man who has any influence with the PM is <mask>, according to Lord Moran. Smuts may try to convince him to be sensible because he sees that he is not replaceable. Two old love-birds are moulting together on a perch, but still able to peck at each other. At a meeting of the chiefs of staff on October 29, 1942, after having some late night drinks with Churchill, Alanbrooke told him what he thought of Eden's ability. Smuts supported him at the meeting.A flow of words from the mouth of that wonderful statesman was what Alanbrooke said he was fortunate to be supported by. It looked like oil had been poured on the water. Peace reigned in the dove cot as the film stars returned to their tasks. At the Imperial Conference of 1925, Smuts pioneered the concept of holism, which he defined as the fundamental factor of the creation of wholes. His political-military activity has been linked to his aspiration to create a league of nations. It had a lot in common with his philosophy of life as it was subsequently developed and embodied in his Holism and Evolution. Small units have to grow into bigger wholes and larger structures without stopping.There was advancement along that path. The unification of the four provinces in the Union of South Africa, the idea of the British Commonwealth of Nations, and the great whole resulting from the combination of the peoples of the earth in a great league of nations were all logical progressions consistent with his philosophy. For most of his political life, <mask> was a vocal supporter of segregation of the races, and in 1929 he justified the erection of separate institutions for blacks and whites. Although Gandhi and <mask> were adversaries in many ways, they had a mutual respect and admiration for each other. General <mask> received a pair of sandals made by Gandhi when he returned to India in 1914. The sandals were returned by the prime minister in 1939 after he wrote an essay about Gandhi's 70th birthday. While extolling the virtues of humanitarianism and liberalism abroad, Smuts failed to live up to what he preached at home in South Africa.In 1946, India made a formal complaint to the UN about legalised racial discrimination against Indians in South Africa. <mask> argued that India's complaint was a matter of domestic jurisdiction when he appeared before the UN General Assembly. The General Assembly censured South Africa for its racial policies and called on the Smuts government to bring its treatment of the South African Indians in line with the basic principles of the United Nations Charter. At the same conference, the African National Congress President General Alfred Bitini Xuma along with delegates of the South African Indian Congress brought up the issue of the brutality of Smuts' police regime against the African Mine Workers' Strike earlier that year as well as the wider struggle for equality in He went further away from his previous views on segregation when he supported the recommendations of the Fagan Commission that Africans should be recognised as permanent residents of White South Africa. This was opposed to the policies of the National Party that wanted to formalise segregation into apartheid. There is no evidence that Smuts supported equal political rights for blacks and whites.He said that the Fagan Commission did not advocate the establishment of a non-racial democracy in South Africa, but rather wanted to liberalise influx controls of blacks into urban areas in order to facilitate the supply of black African labour to the South African industry. The pass laws had restricted the movement of blacks in general. The views of freedom were always geared to securing the values of western Christian civilization according to the assessment of South African Cambridge professor Saul Dubow. He was consistent even though he was more flexible than his political peers. In 1943 Chaim Weizmann wrote to Smuts detailing a plan to develop Britain's African colonies to compete with the United States. Smuts personally raised money for Zionism during his time as premier. After the defeat of Smuts' United Party in the 26 May 1948 General Election, his government granted de jure'' recognition to Israel on 14 May 1949.The Aliens Act was passed in 1937 to prevent Jewish immigration to South Africa. The act was seen as a response to growing anti-Semitic sentiment among Afrikaners. Several streets and a kibbutz in Israel are named after <mask>, who fought against the White Paper of 1939. He wrote an epitaph for Weizmann, who he described as the greatest Jew of all time. One of his greatest international accomplishments was the establishment of the League of Nations, the exact design and implementation of which relied upon <mask>. He urged the creation of the UN for peace. <mask> was the only person to sign the charters of the UN and the League of Nations.The British Commonwealth was established because he sought to redefine the relationship between the United Kingdom and her colonies. The General Assembly requested the Smuts government to take measures to bring the treatment of Indians in South Africa into line with the provisions of the United Nations Charter. The kibbutz in Israel was named after him. Smuts spoke out against the rise of antisemitism in the 1930s. Two streets in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv are named after him. The airport in South Africa was known as Jan Smuts Airport until 1994. It was renamed to Johannesburg International Airport in 1994.OR Tambo International Airport was renamed in 2006 in honor of the ANC politician Oliver Tambo. In 2004, <mask> was named one of the top ten greatest South Africans of all time by the voters of the South African Broadcasting Corporation. The final positions of the top ten were to be decided by a second round of voting but the programme was taken off the air due to political controversy. Field marshal <mask> came ninth in the first round. The peak in the Canadian Rockies is named after him. The Westelike Provinsie of the South African Army was renamed after <mask>. The Smuts House Museum is dedicated to promoting his legacy.Orders, decorations and medals from several countries were honoured by Field Marshal

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