texts: group in order to return to power in Rwanda. <mask> launched a counteroffensive after the Hutu militant group posed a serious threat to the new regime.Kagame gave troops and military training to the Banyamulenge, a group of people living in the South Kivu province. The Banyamulenge began attacking the Hutu refugee camps after defeating local security forces. Two of the camps in Goma were attacked by Kagame's forces at the same time. The refugees moved to the large camp. Hundreds of thousands of refugees were forced to flee in 1996 after the Rwandan army attacked. Many returned to Rwanda despite the presence of the RPF. Despite the dissolution of the camps, the defeated forces of the former regime continued a cross-border insurgency campaign.The majority of the Hutu population lived in the refugee camps before they were attacked by the insurgency. <mask> began a propaganda campaign in order to bring the Hutu to his side. He integrated former soldiers of the deposed genocidal regime's military into the RPF-dominated national army and appointed senior Hutu to key local government positions in the areas hit by insurgency. By 1999, the population in the north west had stopped supporting the insurgency and they were mostly defeated. <mask> began planning a war to remove Sese Seko from power because he wanted to dismantle the refugee camps. The genocidaires based in the camps were supported by Mobutu. The Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation ofCongo (ADFL), an alliance of four rebel groups headed by Kabila, began the FirstCongo War.The ADFL took control of North and South Kivu provinces in November 1996 and then advanced west, gaining territory from the poorly organised and demotivated Zairian army with little fighting. The ADFL took the capital without fighting in May 1997 after Mobutu fled. The country was renamed after Kabila became the new president. As many as 222,000 Rwandan Hutu refugees are thought to have gone missing during the FirstCongo War. Following Kabila's inauguration, Kagame and the Rwandan government retained strong influence over him. Many in the eastern Kivu provinces resented this, as did the capital. James Kabarebe, Kabila's chief-of-staff, was fired in July 1998 and the troops were ordered to leave the country.<mask> accused Kabila of supporting the ongoing insurgency against Rwanda from North Kivu, the same accusation he had made about Mobutu. He responded to the expulsion of his soldiers by backing a new rebel group. The first action of the war was led by Kabarebe. The forces made quick gains from the west to the east. The capital was saved by Kabila's allies. The conflict lasted until 2003 and resulted in millions of deaths and massive damage. According to a report by the International Rescue Committee, between 3 million and 7.6 million lives were lost due to the conflict.Although <mask>'s main reason for the two wars was his country's security, he was accused of gaining economic benefit by exploiting the mineral wealth of the eastern Congo. According to the 2001 United Nations Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, <mask> was on the verge of becoming the "gods of the illegal exploitation of natural resources". The report claimed that there was a "Congo Desk" dedicated to collecting taxes from companies licensed to mine minerals around Kisangani, and that substantial quantities of coltan and diamonds passed through before being sold on the international market. Global Witness conducted field studies early in the year. It was found that minerals from North and South Kivu are exported illegally to Rwanda. In a 2002 interview with newsletter Africa Confidential, <mask> said that if solid evidence was presented, it would be dealt with very seriously. In 2010, the United Nations released a report accusing the Rwandan army of committing wide scale human rights violations and crimes against humanity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the First and SecondCongo Wars.In the late 1990s, <mask> began to disagree with the government. <mask> accused Bizimungu of corruption and poor management, while Bizimungu felt that the National Assembly was acting as a puppet for <mask>. Bizimungu stepped down from the presidency in 2000. Historians believe that Bizimungu was forced into resigning by <mask> after he criticized the National Assembly. <mask> told Kinzer that he was surprised by the development, saying that he had received a phone call from a friend. The Supreme Court ruled that <mask> should become acting president until a permanent successor was found. Since 1994, Kagame has focused more on military, foreign affairs and the country's security than on day-to-day governance.After Bizimungu resigned, <mask> decided to seek the presidency himself. The president was elected by the national assembly rather than by a direct election because of the transitional constitution. <mask> was elected by the ministers and parliament after being selected by the RPF. In April 2000 <mask> was inaugurated as president. Several Hutu politicians, including the prime minister Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, left the government at the same time as Bizimungu, leaving a cabinet dominated by those close to <mask>. <mask>'s government banned Bizimungu's party because political campaigning was not allowed under the transitional constitution. The following year, <mask> issued a public statement to Bizimungu, warning him that the government's patience with his continued involvement in party politics was "not infinite", and Bizimungu was arrested two weeks later and convicted of corruption and inciting ethnic violence.He was pardoned by <mask> in 2007. Between 1994 and 2003 the country was governed by a set of documents combining President Habyarimana's 1991 constitution, the Arusha Accords, and some additional protocols. The accords required <mask> to set up a commission to draft a new constitution. The constitution had to adhere to fundamental principles such as equitable power sharing and democracy. The commission sent questionnaires to civil groups across the country and rejected offers of help from the international community, except for financial assistance, in order to ensure that the draft constitution was " home-grown", relevant to Rwanda's specific needs, and reflected the views of the entire population. The parliament approved the draft constitution in 2003 and it was put to a referendum in May of that year. The government promoted the referendum and the turnout on voting day was high.The constitution was voted in favour. The constitution provided for a two-house parliament, an elected president, and multi-party politics. The constitution wanted to prevent the Hutu from controlling political power. According to article 54, political organizations are not allowed to base themselves on race, ethnic group, tribe, clan, region, sex, religion or any other division which may lead to discrimination. According to Human Rights Watch, this clause, along with later laws enacted by the parliament, effectively make Rwanda a one-party state, as "under the guise of preventing another genocide, the government displays a marked intolerance of the most basic forms of dissent". <mask> has faced three presidential elections since he ascended to the presidency in 2000. He won more than 90 percent of the vote on each occasion.In 2015, a referendum gave <mask> the ability to stand for additional terms and was passed by similar margins. The elections are generally viewed as lacking freedom and fairness by international election monitors, human rights organizations and journalists. According to Ida Sawyer, Central Africa director for Human Rights Watch, "Rwandans who have dared raise their voices or challenge the status quo have been arrested, forcibly disappeared, or killed, independent media have been muzzled, and intimidation has silenced groups working on civil rights or free speech". According to Human Rights Watch, election officials forced voters to write their votes in full view and cast votes for people who didn't show up. The United States department of state said it was concerned about the integrity of the vote-tabulation process. In their book How to Rig an Election, political scientists Nic Cheeseman and Brian Klaas said they were asked by journalists why Kagame went through the motions of organizing a national poll that he was predestined to win. According to the book, elections are important to secure a base level of international legitimacy and that not even pretending to hold elections will get a country kicked out of the African Union.The RPF's manipulation of polls could be used to make itself appear stronger, according to a law professor and human rights researcher. The party's margins of victory are not meant to be convincing; rather, they are meant to signal to potential opponents and the populace that <mask> and the RPF are in full control. Some scholars think that <mask> would have won the election if he hadn't used deceptive tactics. Writing about RPF intimidation of opposition candidates in the run-up to elections, Caplan said that "none of this was necessary for the RPF to hold on to power". The RPF is aware that opening up the political system would lead to a loss of power, according to a Belgian academic. The first post-genocide election was held in August of 2003 In May, the parliament voted to ban the Republican Democratic Movement, which was accused of being "divisive" by a parliamentary commission.One of the coalition parties in the transitional government of national unity was the MDR. The unfounded allegations against the individuals mentioned in the report appear to be part of a government-orchestrated crackdown on the political opposition, according toAmnesty International. The main challenger to <mask> was the former prime minister. After the party's expulsion, Twagiramungu sought the presidency as an independent. He began campaigning in August after returning from Europe. The National Electoral Commission confirmed <mask>'s win one day after he declared victory. The final results showed that <mask> received the majority of the vote and the voter turnout was low.The campaign, election day, and aftermath were mostly peaceful despite the EU raising concerns about intimidation of opposition supporters. Twagiramungu questioned the margin of victory and 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 That's not possible. He left the country fearing that he would be arrested after filing a petition at the Supreme Court to void the result. The EU observer questioned the result and HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax HairMax Kagame ran for a second term as president at the end of his first term. He was endorsed by the RPF national congress as their candidate in May 2010, and was accepted as a candidate in July.His highest-profile opponent was Victoire Ingabire, a Hutu who had been living abroad for some years, and returned to Rwanda in January 2010 to run for the presidency. After a series of criticisms of <mask>'s policies, she was arrested in April and prevented from running in the election. On 20 July, <mask> began his campaign with a rally at the Amahoro Stadium. The rallies attracted tens of thousands, shouting enthusiastically for <mask>, although reporters for The New York Times interviewed a number of Rwandans who said that they were not free to vote against him and that government officials down to the village level had put enormous pressure on them to register to vote. The election went ahead in August 2010 without Ingabire and two other banned candidates. <mask> received the vote in the election. The election was marred by murder and lack of credible competition, according to opposition and human rights groups.<mask> said "I see no problems, but there are some people who choose to see problems where there are not." As <mask>'s second term progressed, he began to hint that he might seek to rewrite the term-limit clause of the constitution to allow him to run for a third term. In a speech in the United States, <mask> said that it was up to the people of Rwanda to decide when he would leave office, but he had previously ruled it out. Let's wait and see what happens as we go. We will have an explanation. More than half of the electorate signed a petition asking for <mask> to be allowed to stay in office after a protest outside parliament. An amendment to the constitution was passed by the parliament in November of 2015.The motion passed kept the two-term limit in place, and also reduced the length of terms from 7 years to 5 years, but it made an explicit exception for <mask>, who would be permitted to run for a third 7-year term followed by two further 5-year terms, if he The amendment was put to a referendum after it was passed in parliament. The referendum took place in December of 2015. The amendment was approved byPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWikiPukiWiki The vote was peaceful and orderly according to the electoral commission. The Democratic Green Party protested that it had not been allowed to campaign against the amendment. The executive director of Human Rights Watch did not believe that the election to be free and fair, saying that there was no suspense in the referendum when so many dissidents were silenced.The European Union and the United States criticized the amendment, saying that <mask> should respect the previous term limits. <mask> said that the parliament and the people wanted him to seek a third term. The presidential election was held in August of last year. Diane Rwigara was the top opposition figure for the election. Rwigara was critical of <mask>'s government, saying that people disappear, others get killed in unexplained circumstances and nobody speaks about it because of fear. Rwigara was not allowed to run in the election. <mask> was endorsed as the RPF's candidate in June and began his re-election campaign in July.After three weeks of campaigning, the election went ahead between <mask> and two opposition candidates. <mask> was re-elected for a third term with his highest percentage to date. He was sworn in for a seventh term on August 18. The conduct of the election was cited by independent monitors and human rights groups. The authors of the book said that he had not even bothered to try and manipulate the election in the clever ways he had used in previous campaigns. <mask> began planning ways to achieve national development in the late 1990s. He sought the advice of experts from China, Singapore and Thailand during the national consultation process.After assuming the presidency, <mask> launched an ambitious programme of national development called Vision 2020. The main purpose of the programme was to unite the people of the country and transform it into a middle income country. Before the year 2020, the government wants to achieve a list of goals. Reconstruction, infrastructure and transport improvements, good governance, improving agriculture production, private sector development, and health and education improvements are included. The Vision 2020 goals were reported in a report by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. Each goal was rated by the report as "on-track", "on-watch" or "off-track". 44 goals were found to be on-track, on-watch, and off-track.Population, poverty and the environment were identified as off-track. 26% of Vision 2020's original indicators had already been achieved by 2012's review. The review made several upward revisions, including revising the GDP per capita target from $900 to $1,240. In the same year, an independent review of the strategy carried out by academics based in Belgium rated progress as "quite encouraging", mentioning development in the education and health sectors, as well as <mask>'s fostering of a favorable business environment. The review suggested that the policy of "maximum growth at any cost" was leading to a situation in which the rich prospered while the rural poor did not. <mask> said Vision 2020 was about what we had to do in order to survive and regain our dignity. Vision 2050 needs to be about the future we choose, because we deserve it.Economic Growth and Prosperity and High Quality of Life and Standards of Life are the main pillars of Vision 2050. <mask> wants Rwanda to become an upper-middle income country by 2035 and a high-income country by the year 2050. The per-capita gross domestic product in 2020 is estimated at $2,214, compared with $631 in 2000. Between 2000 and 2020 annual growth was averaged. Kagame's economic policy is based on liberalising the economy, reducing red tape for businesses, and transforming the country from an agricultural to a knowledge-based economy. The economic development of Singapore since 1960 has been stated by <mask>. According to the Vision 2050 Policy, <mask> believes that Rwanda can become an upper-middle income country by the year 2035 and a high-income country by the year 2050.Many foreign donors and investors have praised <mask>'s economic policy. The country has low levels of corruption and effective institutions. An important aspect of the success of Rwanda's economy is the illegal exploitation of Congolese minerals. According to a political economy researcher, 6.1% of Rwanda's GDP came from illegal

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texts: resources in the DR. Foreign aid made up 20 percent of GDP and half of the budget. Rural areas lag behind the capital in economic growth. Although the government officially has a policy of privatization, in practice it has increased state control of the economy using corporations with strong ties to the state and the ruling party.In a country with few natural resources, the economy is heavily dependent on farming, with an estimated of the working population engaged in farming. The service sector has grown under Kagame. It became the country's largest sector by economic output in 2010 and contributed to the country's GDP. Banking and finance, wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage, communication, insurance, real estate, business services, and public administration are some of the key tertiary contributors. Vision 2020 has a goal of transforming Rwanda into an information and communications technology hub for Africa. The fibre-optic telecommunications network is intended to provide broadband services and facilitate electronic commerce. Tourism became the country's leading foreign exchange earner in 2011.The World Bank has an ease of doing business index. <mask> set up a special unit to analyze the economy after the country was ranked 158th on the ease of doing business index. The country was the top reformer in 2009. In 2012 the country's overall ease of doing business ranking was 52nd out of 185 countries worldwide and third out of 46 in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to the Rwanda Development Board, a business can be registered in 24 hours. In 2010, the business environment and economy of the country was ranked as the eighth cleanest out of 47 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the sixth cleanest in the world. The allocation of the annual budget to the sector has been made high priority by Kagame.Six years in primary and six years in secondary school are free in state-run schools in the country. The final three years of free education were introduced in 2012 after a pledge by <mask> during his 2010 re-election campaign. The number of universities has risen from 1 in 1994 to 29 in 2010, and the tertiary gross enroll ratio increased from 2008 to 2011. English has been the sole language of instruction in public schools since 2009, due to the country's increasing ties with the East African Community and the Commonwealth of Nations. The country's literacy rate was up in 2009, up from 1978 and 1991. Malaria, pneumonia, and HIV/AIDS are some of the diseases that dominate Rwanda's health profile. Prevalence and mortality rates have declined in the past decade, but the short supply of certain medicines continues to challenge disease management.One of the Vision 2020 priorities is to improve this situation. The health budget increased from 1996 to 2008. By 2010, over of the population was covered, thanks to the laws that made health insurance compulsory for all individuals. Quality of healthcare has increased and key indicators have improved during <mask>'s presidency. The number of children who died before their fifth birthday fell from 1990 to 2010. There is a decline in the prevalence of some diseases, including the elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus. In response to shortages of qualified medical personnel, the Rwandan government launched an eight-year US$151.8 million initiative to train medical professionals.<mask> has received praise for the country's response. Despite the country having a relatively underdeveloped health care system, it has one of the lowest mortality rates in the world. The only nation in Africa that allows its residents to enter the Schengen Area for non essential travel is Rwanda. Civil liberties and individual freedoms have not been without criticism. When <mask> assumed the presidency in 2000, the SecondCongo War was still raging. Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, and Chad had committed troops to the government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The RCD-Goma, supported by Rwanda, was allied to Uganda while the RCD-Kisangani, supported by Uganda, was not.Uganda supported the MLRC, a rebel group from the north. The rebel groups were hostile to each other and at war with Kabila's government. The July 1999 Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement was signed by Kabila, <mask> and all the other foreign governments. The rebel groups were not part of the agreement. In 2000, the RPA fought against the Ugandan army in Kisangani and against the Kabila's army in Kasai and Katanga. Kabila was killed inside his palace. Joseph was appointed president and immediately began asserting his authority by dismissing his father's cabinet and senior army commanders, assembling a new government, and engaging with the international community.RCD-Goma would enter a power-sharing transitional government with Joseph Kabila as interim president until the peace agreement was reached in July 2002. At the end of 2002, the government of <mask> said that all uniformed troops had left the country, but a 2003 report by the UN panel of experts said otherwise. The "Congo desk" was used by the armed forces for large-scale illegal appropriation of Congolese resources. Relations between <mask> and the Congolese government were tense despite the agreement. <mask> blamed the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda for failing to suppress the rebels. Kabila accused Rwanda of using the Hutu as a "pretext for maintaining its control and influence in the area". Kagame has supported two major insurgencies in the eastern provinces of the country.The March 23 Movement (M23), led by leader Bosco Ntaganda, began a rebellion in 2012 that included a major rebellion from 2005 to 2009. James Kabarebe, <mask>'s defence minister, was cited as the commander of the M23 in a leaked United Nations report. <mask> and Kabila had a bilateral meeting in Gisenyi. <mask>, the chairman of the African Union at the time, called for an investigation into the election of the president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He has developed a close relationship with the man since his election. <mask>'s troops are accused of being active in the Kivu provinces. There have been reports of RDF soldiers in the DR, but <mask> has consistently denied these claims.Uganda and the East African Community <mask> spent most of his childhood and young adult years living in Uganda, and has a personal relationship with President Yoweri Museveni dating back to the late 1970s; they fought together in the Ugandan Bush War, and <mask> was appointed head of military intelligence According to Prunier, it is likely that he had prior knowledge of the plan when the RPF soldiers abandoned the Ugandan army. In 1998 a heads of state meeting was held in Uganda and it was revealed that Uganda helped the RPF during the war. The two countries had a close political and trade relationship. Uganda and Rwanda were allies during the FirstCongo War against Zaire, with both countries committing troops to the war. The two nations joined forces again at the beginning of the SecondCongo War, but relations soured in late 1998 as Museveni and <mask> had different priorities in fighting the war. In August of 1999, the RCD rebel group split into two and the armies of Uganda and Rwanda battled each other in the city of Kisangani.The two sides fought again in Kisangani in June and May of 2000 and resulted in the deaths of 120 soldiers. In the 2000s, the two countries were able to reestablish a close friendship. The two countries were at odds over trade and regional politics. The blockade of trucks at the border was set up by Rwanda after <mask> accused the government of Uganda of supporting the FDLR. There was an incident in Rukiga district in which a Ugandan citizen was killed. The border between Uganda and Rwanda remains closed due to a dispute between the two leaders. In 2007, Rwanda joined the East African Community, an intergovernmental organisation for the East Africa region.The country's accession required the signing of several agreements with the other members, including a defence intelligence sharing pact, a customs union, and measures to combat drug traffickers. The countries of the Community established a common market in 2011. The goal of the East African Monetary Institute is to introduce a single currency. France maintained close ties with President Habyarimana during his time in power. The President of France gave assistance to Habyarimana when the RPF launched the civil war in 1990. In the first few days of the war, France sent 600 paratroopers, who were instrumental in regaining almost all of the territory the RPF had gained. France engaged Kagame's RPF forces again in February 1993 during the offensive that doubled RPF territory.In the late stages of the 1994 genocide, France launched Opération Turquoise, a United Nations mandated mission to create safe humanitarian areas for protection of displaced persons, refugees, and civilians in danger. <mask>'s advance in southwestern Rwanda was temporarily halted by the presence of the French. Following the end of the genocide and the withdrawal of Opération Turquoise, France continued to shun the new RPF government. Diplomatic relations were reestablished in January 1995 but remained tense as Rwanda accused France of aiding the genocidaires. According to a report released in 2006 by a French judge, <mask> ordered the shooting of the plane that killed President Habyarimana. Arrest warrants were issued for nine of <mask>'s close aides. <mask> broke off diplomatic relations with France after denying the charges.In 2008 and 2009, relations began to thaw. Nicolas Sarkozy admitted for the first time that France made "grave errors of judgement" when he visited Rwanda in 2010. <mask> visited Paris in 2011. The United States, United Kingdom and the Commonwealth have a close relationship with the English speaking world. The US and UK give large sums of money each year to the RPF programme of stabilization and rebuilding, with the US providing military aid as well as supporting development projects. As president, <mask> has been critical of the West's lack of response to the genocide, and the UK and US have responded by admitting guilt. During the 2000s, Clinton and Tony Blair praised the country's progress under <mask>, and Clinton referred to <mask> as one of the greatest leaders of our time.Clinton and Blair continued their support for the country after they left office, Clinton through the Clinton Global Initiative and Blair through his role as an advisor to the Rwandan government. In order to maintain close relations with English speaking countries, <mask> sought membership of the Commonwealth of Nations. The second country to join the Commonwealth was Rwanda, which had never had ties to the British Empire. <mask> addressed the Business Forum at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting. The presidency of the United Nations Security Council was taken over by Rwanda in April 2013). In the early 2010s, <mask>'s relations with the US and UK became strained due to allegations that he was supporting the M23 rebel movement. In 2012 the UK suspended its budgetary aid programme.Germany suspended general budgetary support from 2008 onwards. Sector budgetary support and support for specific programmes were included in the restored payments by these countries. The US halted some of its military aid for Rwanda in 2012 but stopped short of suspending aid completely. As of 2020, the US remains supportive of <mask>'s government. China has been investing in infrastructure in Rwanda since 1971 and early projects included hospitals in Kibungo and Masaka. Trade between the two countries has grown rapidly under <mask>'s presidency. Between 2005 and 2009, the volume of trade increased five-fold, and it doubled again in the following three years.The renovation of the road network, funded using a Chinese government loan, was one of the projects completed. "The Chinese bring what Africa needs: investment and money for governments and companies", said <mask> in an interview in 2009. Western countries, who <mask> accuses of focusing too much on giving aid to the continent rather than building a trading relationship, keep African products out of the world marketplace by the use of high tariffs. The West did not criticize <mask> for his alleged involvement in the war in the Congo because China does not involve itself in the domestic affairs of the countries with which it trades. <mask>'s ultimate goal in international relations is to shift Rwanda from a country dependent on donor aid and loans towards self-sufficiency, trading with other countries on an equal footing. The primary purpose of aid should be to work itself out, according to an article written by Kagame in 2009. Kagame believes that giving free fertilisers to farmers is wrong because it will prevent local businesses from growing and becoming competitive.The Agaciro Development Fund was launched in 2012 by <mask>. Agaciro is a solidarity fund with a goal of providing development finance within Rwanda. Contributions from citizens of the country, within the country and in the diaspora are invited by the fund. The fund will allocate its funds based on consultations with the populace, as well as financing projects contributing to the Vision 2020 programme. Murders and disappearances of political opponents have been linked to <mask>, who was vice president and president. In a report titled "Repression Across Borders", Human Rights Watch documented at least 10 cases of attacks or threats against critics outside of Rwanda because of their criticism of the government. The assassination attempts against former intelligence chief Patrick Karegeya in South Africa and the killing of Sendashonga in 1998 are examples.<mask> said that whoever betrays the country will pay the price. A former military officer testified before the U.S. Congress that he had been offered $1 million to kill Karegeya. This officer and a Canadian journalist faced threats after their testimony. In December of last year, a South African court found that the Rwandan government continued to plan the assassination of its critics. <mask> was the chairperson of the African Union from January to February. <mask> promoted the Single African Air Transport Market and the African Continental Free Trade Area. The Continental Free Trade Area was signed by 44 of the 55AU nations.The Continental Free Trade had been approved by 19 of 22 nations by the time he left office. In order to improve their effectiveness and make them financially sustainable, <mask> pushed through a reform of African Union structures. International scholars and journalists have differing views on his leadership. Alexander Dukalskis, a political scientist, said that <mask> has been able to develop a positive image of Rwanda abroad. The <mask> regime has restricted access to academics and journalists in order to suppress negative information. Philip Gourevitch, author of the 1998 book We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families, focuses on his achievements in ending the genocide after the international community failed to do so, as well as the reconciliation, economic growth, foreign investment, improved. The war crimes committed by the RPF before, during, and after the 1994 genocide, as well as the effects of the civil war, assassinations of opponents and the totalitarianism of his regime, are highlighted by authors such as Judi Rever.In Rethinking the Rwandan Narrative for the 25th Anniversary, Gerald Caplan states that a new narrative is needed to reconcile the conflicting viewpoints and "striking the proper balance between the old and the newly revised" The RPF was unpopular with the Hutu in the years following the 1994 genocide because it was seen as a party dominated by the Tutsis. Two million Hutu lived as refugees in other countries until 1996, when Kagame forced them to return to their homes. The late 1990s cross-border insurgency against Kagame was supported by many Hutu. By 1999, the RPF had weakened the rebels and they were living peacefully in the northwest. Kayumba Nyamwasa, who was still part of the army at the time, attributed a shift in the attitude of the genocidaires to a shift in the balance of forces in the country. With a lack of free speech and elections that are generally regarded as lacking freedom and fairness, Kagame's popularity amongst the Rwandwan population is unknown.The president is popular in his country and enjoys overwhelming public support, according to two journalists. The level of invective <mask> dedicates to the Rwanda National Congress, the amount of energy he has expended trying to get Uganda and South Africa to expel or extradite or close down is something Wrong and Reyntjens disagree with. The image of <mask> was positive until the late 2000s. He was credited with ending the genocide, bringing peace and security to the country, and achieving development. The international community has become more critical of <mask> after a leaked United Nations report alleged that he supported the M23 movement. In 2012 the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and several other countries suspended programmes of budget support to Rwanda, with many redirecting their aid to project-based assistance. <mask> has a "studious air that didn't quite disguise his hawk-like intensity".Stephen Kinzer, an American journalist who wrote the biography A Thousand Hills with <mask>, describes him as one of the most intriguing leaders in Africa. Kinzer praises Kagame's leadership skills, but also cites a personality of "chronic impatience, barely suppressed anger, and impulsive disdain for critics". In an interview with the Daily Telegraph''s Richard Grant, Kagame said that he sleeps for only four hours per night and devotes the rest of his day to work, exercise, family, and reading. <mask> said that he can make mistakes like that and that he can be very tough. During his presidency, <mask> has received many awards. There are several degrees and medals from Western universities, as well as the highest awards from the countries of Liberia and Benin. Since 2002, the Kagame Interclub Cup has been known as the Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations football tournament.<mask> Biography and Interview on Academy of Achievement are External

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Paul Kagame


texts: One of the most innovative and prolific American art-deco ceramics sculptors of the early 20th century was <mask>. He was able to create monumental ceramic sculpture, such as the Fountain of the Atoms and Light Dispelling Darkness, which had not been possible before. He was a key figure in the studio glass movement. <mask> was born in 1905. His father was a farmer and his mother was a concert pianist. He showed a lot of artistic talent from an early age, beginning with small sculptures of animals in the earth. He once said that he would no longer play pieces by Bach, but only original pieces he had written himself.His mother moved to Pittsburg, Kansas in 1913 to get better educational opportunities for her three sons. At the age of 11, <mask> attended the laboratory grade school at State Manual Training Normal, a teacher's college, where he was taught by student teachers who were under supervision. He studied crafts there. By the age of 14, <mask> had made a bust of the school principal in only six sittings, as well as a ceramic statue of the best parts of three classmates. He won awards for his sculpture at the Kansas State Fair. He moved to Kansas City after high school to attend the Kansas City Art Institute, but immediately began to receive commissions for sculptures, including a statue of Pan for a Kansas City park, and a plaster relief sculpture for the Masonic Temple Building. While at the Art Institute, he attracted the attention of Lorado Taft, a renowned sculptor who worked primarily in bronze and marble, academically trained at the cole des Beaux Arts in Paris, who already had a reputation as a mentor to other American sculptors.To join Lorado at the Art Institute of Chicago and Midway Studios, <mask> <mask> was asked to be his assistant. The internship was supposed to last for 18 months, but <mask> studied with the school for three years. He would be brought to Europe to study classical Renaissance sculpture as well as visit other artists in Europe. He began to think of ceramic sculpture on a monumental scale after his experience with Lorado Taft. <mask> was in his 20s when he directed the decoration and design of the Missouri Theater, the Hotel President in Kansas City, and the bas relief panels at Brandenburg Field. The Aztec Room, the hotel's dining room, was decorated in plaster-of-Paris reliefs that were interpreted in an Art-Deco idiom. Beneath the calendar was a replica of an Aztec altar which had been excavated in Mexico and which he had studied while in Chicago.The large sculpture of Quetzlcoatl, hidden lights, and reddish hue contributed to the atmosphere of exoticism and mystery. The study of the casts of prominent Renaissance sculptures at the studio in Chicago was no longer satisfying him as he was drawn more and more to the avant garde American. After leaving Midway Studios, he moved to Ohio where he became the leading sculptor of the Cowan Pottery studio. The Cleveland School as well as leading American bronze sculptor Paul Manship influenced <mask> <mask> more than his peers at Cowan Pottery. <mask> wanted to capture what he felt were the best American qualities in his second sculpture of Henry Fonda. The works were done in limited editions. Nautch Dancer and Burlesque are two of <mask>'s most famous sculptures.The horror of the story of John the Baptist is combined with the veil dance of Salome. The horror of the event is overshadowed by an expression of the line, movement and dynamics of the human movement. The Cleveland Museum of Art had a May Show in 1929. There are smooth, linear, flowing forms in <mask>'s work. He married a Hungarian immigrant in 1930. Their relationship was more based on friendship than love. She was always supportive of him as an artist.The end of <mask> <mask>'s career was brought about by the closing of Cowan Studios in 1931 due to the Great Depression. The artist in residence at the Cranbrook Academy of Art was <mask> <mask>. For the first time, he had access to the precise control of an electric kiln, which allowed him to further develop his craft. His sculpture became larger and heavier, with more volume and weight. He commented that the Chinese loved everything vivid and rich in tone, but we as a nation are just beginning to grow up to it. The terracotta sculpture of Two Clowns on Unicycles is a complex piece of two clowns with one playing a tuba and the other juggling poodles. The sculpture is vividly colored, unlike much American sculpture of the time.The sculptures from this period are Ichabod Crane and the Kansas Madonna. The kilns were shut down over a bank holiday in 1933, ruining many of his works in progress. The Atlantic Terra Cotta Company in Perth Amboy, New Jersey was established in 1933 by <mask> and his wife. He created some of his first monumental ceramic sculptures here. He began work on the monumental Light Dispelling Darkness when he was the director of sculpture for the New Jersey WPA. The fountain has some photos included in the article. Weird New Jersey has published others.There is a heroic theme of fighting evil through knowledge. A terracotta globe surrounds a shaft of relief figures of a scientist, an artist, an engineer, and muscular, un-shirted men. Pestilence, War, Famine, Death, Greed, and Materialism fleeing the forces of Science and Knowledge are represented on the outside by six figures. The horses of the apocalypse are contained in four of the figures. The Fountain of the Atom was built for the New York World's Fair. Earth, Air, Fire, and Water are surrounded by eight electrons, similar to putti. The electrons were described as "elemental little savages of boundless electrical energy, dancing to the rhythm of sculptured bolts of lightning-like flashes in brilliant colored glazes, their bright shaped bodies of richly modeled terracotta clays in warm colors".The four elements were grouped around illuminated tubes of glass which were topped by a flame and carried water at the top of the fountain. The pictures of the maquette for Earth and one of the electrons have been published. <mask> created two sculptural groupings, American Imports and Exports, for the General GM Building that was designed by Norman Bel Geddes. He worked with the well-known industrial designer, Walter Dorwin Teague, on ceramic sculptural works for the United States Building. <mask> reached the peak of his artistic powers in the 1930s. After 1940, he no longer created monumental ceramic sculptures, but instead focused on production porcelains for leading retail stores. He liked to watch polo players at Schley Field in Far Hills and one of his favorites was a table setting with dishes and flowers on a polo theme.<mask> is a pioneer studio glass artist. The Craft Council. <mask> was the inventor of the process of fusing glass to ceramic. He made money by teaching art classes and appearing on a television show. He acquired a patron in the form of Barbara Farmer, who was going to build a new arts center in Middlefield, Massachusetts. She was murdered by her husband, who suspected her of having an affair with <mask>. After that incident, <mask> was never the same as before.<mask> began to have problems handling the heavy weight of ceramic for his monumental sculpture, so he moved into hammered metal and lightweight materials such as foam, intended for later rendering in ceramic. The Dreamer won a silver medal in 1970. He was buried in a cemetery in Kansas after his death. <mask> used ceramic sculpture in the production of larger monuments. There was a tendency for clay to slump when not supported by metal or wood. There could be problems with sagging during firing if a sculpture is created from an entire piece in clay and then hollowed out to reduce the weight. <mask> used a honeycomb structure to build up his larger sculptures after moving to New Jersey and working with the large kilns at Atlantic Terra Cotta.<mask> would form, glaze, and fire the sculpture only once for the finished art work, unlike most other ceramicists who would fire a sculpture to biscuit and then add glaze with a second firing. <mask> never used factory-made glazes, instead grinding and mixing all of the glazes himself, carefully controlling firing temperatures as well as kiln atmosphere to achieve the effects that he desired. He patented a process for fusing glass and ceramic together in a crackle pattern and compressed glaze powder into a crayon for sgraffito. Folk, Thomas. "Waylande <mask>: Fusing Earth and Sand." The American Craft Council published an article titled "Waylande-gregory-fusing-earth-and-sand Folk". "Waylande <mask>: Art Deco Ceramic Sculpture."The American Art Review is an anthology of art. 25, no.2 was published in March and April. 100–103,p. 127. The article is called TFAO. Folk, Thomas. There are Art Deco Abounds in the city.The Antiques and the Arts Weekly was published in March. Folk, Thomas. The Art Deco Porcelains of Waylande <mask>. Antiques & Fine Art Magazine is a monthly magazine. The summer edition of 5 (Summer 2013). 169–171. The art-deco-porcelains-of-waylande-gregory is an article by Thomas.Art Deco Ceramics and the Atomic Impulse was written by <mask> <mask>. The University of Richmond Museums is located in Virginia. A 200 page monograph. Folk wrote "Commercial vs. Fine Art in the Ceramic Sculpture of Waylande <mask>." The fall edition of the Sculpture Review. 30– 33. The article is called TFAO."Neither Snow Nor Rain:" is a painting by Shoshana Resnikoff. 120–136. Shoshana Resnikoff is a Collections Fellow at Cranbrook. 30, no. In the spring of 2014, pp. 2. "Canton Museum of Art is a Gem," CantonRep.com, May 29, 2014. "Waylande <mask>: Art Deco Ceramics and the Atomic Impulse" wascurated by Thomas C. Folk, PhD.The exhibition will travel to the Cranbrook Museum. The Canton Museum of Art will be open from May 1 to July 27. "Waylande Gregory Archives go to the museum," the American Ceramic Circle Newsletter said. There were 42 and 43. "Waylande <mask>'s Ceramic Portraits" is a book by Christopher Johnson. 149–159. "Journal of the Art Deco Society of New York" was written by Thomas C. Folk.22–23. The Allegory of Europa in Twentieth Century American Sculpture was written by Tom Folk. "Waylande <mask>'s Plates and Platters: A Modern Context for 'China Painting'" was written by Tom Folk. 36, no. In the winter of 2020, pp. 1. 22-28. The Ceramic Murals of <mask> and Meiere were created for Washington DC.The Municipal Center is in the Journal of the American Art Pottery Association. 36, no. pp. 4, Fall 2020, pp. 10-16. There were people from Kansas who died in 1971 and people from Perth Amboy who died in 1905.

masks:
Waylande Desantis Gregory
Waylande Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Waylande
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Waylande
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Waylande
Gregory
Waylande
Gregory
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Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
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Waylande
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory


texts: <mask> was an astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astronomy. He was the director of the state observatory until his death. The son of a doctor, <mask> was born in 1863. His father built an observatory for his son in the garden of the family home. <mask> was credited with his first discovery, comet 14P/Wolf, in 1884. At the age of 25, <mask> was awarded a PhD by the University of Heidelberg. He spent one year of post-graduate study in Stockholm, the only significant time he would spend outside of Heidelberg.He was hired as a privat-docent at the University of Heidelberg in 1890. He declined positions from other institutions because he was a popular lecturer in astronomy. He held the positions of Chair of Astronomy and Director of the new observatory until his death in 1932. <mask> was appointed to supervise the construction of the astrophysics half of the observatory while it was being built. He was a successful fundraiser and also a capable supervisor. The American philanthropist <mask> Bruce gave him a grant of $10,000 to study the construction of the large new telescopes in America. John Brashear is an American astronomer and instrument builder.The observatory's primary research telescope was the Bruce double-astrograph. <mask> raised money for a telescope, the first for the observatory. <mask> proposed the creation of a new instrument to Carl Zeiss in 1910. The invention was halted before it could be developed because of World War I. The first public showing was held in Germany in 1923. <mask> was interested in learning more about the field of Astrophotography during his trip to America. He met the American astronomer.The two became lifelong correspondents and competitors. <mask> wrote an obituary for Barnard. <mask>'s leadership of the university made it known for astronomy. <mask> contributed many papers to astronomy up to the end of his life. He died in Heidelberg at the age of 69. His widow and three sons were by his side. <mask> began his career as a comet hunter and continued to find them throughout his life.He discovered several comets, including 14P/Wolf and 43P/<mask>. The first to observe the return of the comet was <mask>. Nova Aquilae 1927 is a classical nova. He discovered or co-discovered four supernovae. The name of the car is VW Vir. The two with the same name, as well as with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one with the one <mask> made a significant contribution to the determination of the nature of dark nebulae.The areas of the sky were thought to be "holes in the sky" by William Herschel. <mask> and E. E. Barnard collaborated to prove that dark nebulae were large clouds of fine opaque dust. <mask> applied astronomy to the observation of stars. The Bruce double-astrograph was originally designed to hunt dim asteroids but it was found to be ideal for the study of the proper motion of low-luminosity stars using much the same technique. <mask> published a catalog of the locations of over one thousand stars. His name and catalog number are used to identify these stars. <mask>   , a dim red dwarf, was found to be one of the nearest stars to our solar system.He continued to add motion star discoveries to this catalog throughout his life, with the catalog eventually totaling over 1500 stars, many more than all of his competitors combined. The stars in <mask>'s catalog are popular subjects for astronomy because they are usually relatively close to the Earth. The methods used by Frank and George were the same as those used by E. E. Barnard and <mask>. Since that time, photographic plates have been replaced with more sensitive electronic photodetectors. <mask> named his first asteroid after <mask> Bruce. He pioneered the use of Astrophotographic techniques to automate the discovery of asteroids, as opposed to older visual methods, as a result of which asteroid discovery rates sharply increased. asteroids appear as short streaks in time-exposure photographs due to their planetary motion with respect to fixed stars<mask> discovered a lot of asteroids. In 1906, he discovered the first asteroid of theTrojans,                                              887 Alinda was discovered in 1918 and is now considered an Earth-crossing Amor asteroid. <mask>'s number of discoveries was surpassed by his student on July 24, 1933. Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the French astronomical society, was given in 1912. The Royal Astronomical Society awarded a gold medal in 1914. Bruce Medal was born in 1930.The main-belt asteroids 827 Wolfiana and 1217 Maximiliana were named in his honor. Minor planet 1152 Pawona is named after two people who cooperated. The astronomer proposed the name. The combination of "<mask>" and "Pa" was joined with a Latin feminine suffix. <mask> <mask> is an astronomer who is also a discoverer of minor planets. <mask>'s discoveries are credited with "M. F. <mask>" by the Minor Planet Center. The Wolf-Rayet stars were discovered by <mask>.Minor planets have been discovered by German astronomer <mask> and American astronomer <mask>. There are External links to The Bruce Medalists Obituaries.

masks:
Wolf
Max Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Catherine Wolfe
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf Harrington
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Catherine Wolfe
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf Marek
Wolf
Max Wolf
Wolf
Charles Wolf
Christian Wolf
Chris Wolfe


texts: <mask> was an English painter of country houses, historic buildings, and landscapes, typically taking the form of aerial views. The National Trust of Great Britain is one of the clients. In North West England, Myles-Lea was born. He spent most of his early life in this region of the UK. The series of walking guides written and illustrated by Alfred Wainwright was introduced to him. The pen and ink drawings included with the guides were an early influence. He won the painting prizes at Malvern College in 1985 and 1986 after winning an arts scholarship at the age of 15.He traveled extensively in Europe in 1988 to study art and architecture. He obtained an honours degree in 'The History of Art & Architecture' from the University of London in 1991. He worked in arts broadcasting. He worked as a press and PR officer for arts and entertainment programmes. He directed and produced an adaptation of Brian Friel's play. He was introduced to the renowned Anglo-Irish painter Francis Bacon, who encouraged him to pursue a career in painting. In 1992 she left Channel 4 to help a friend restore two historic buildings in the British countryside.The classical house in Hanmer, Wales, and the Jacobean mansion in Wales were built in the 17th century. He replanted the parkland using plans from the 18th century. He made his first landscape painting. Sir Roy Strong created 'The Laskett', a large formal garden. Gervase Jackson-Stops was commissioned by The National Trust to produce a plan of Stowe Landscape Gardens. The National Trust commissioned a series of pen and ink sketches of the house and garden features and a landscape plan of the gardens at Cliveden in the mid 1990s. John Harris said in 1996 that Felix Kelly was the modern master of the country house."Living National Treasures" was a feature in Country Life magazine. Dream Acres was the first commissioned painting ever to be featured on the cover of Country Life for the opening issue of their 12-week Dream Acres gardening feature. "This is the first cover of this kind for Country Life in its 112-year history, and the first editorial double gatefold we have produced," Christie said. This is another example of Country Life breaking with tradition. In July 2009, author and journalist <mask> said that he was the successor to Stubbs and Constable. The townhouse in Lower Belgrave Street was renovated in the fall of 2009. He paints historic buildings, country houses and their gardens and estates.In a traditional landscape view, these are depicted. The landscape paintings are usually 42" x 30" and are done using a miniaturist technique. He painted portraits of Evelyn H. Lauder, Senior Corporate Vice President, The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. The British Library in London has displayed his work. His pictures were used in The Artist and the Country House by John Harris and The Artist and the Garden by Sir Roy Strong. A number of his abstract works have appeared as artwork on the covers of a series of novellas by the art historian and writer Stephen Little. He was a guest on the radio programme A Place in Paradise: Spiritual Gardens.Studios Myles-Lea lived and worked in Belgium in 2002. During his residency in the Belgian capital, he promoted his work to mainland European clients, such as Kasteel Wylre (commissioned by Marlies & Jo Eyck, 1999). She lived and worked in New York. During this time in New York, he continued to develop his painting of abstract pictures building on the influences he had experienced while living in Brussels. There was a studio in Belsize Park, Hampstead. Ben Nicholson and Barbara Hepworth lived in the house during the war. After moving from Hampstead in the late 2006's, he took an apartment in Wyndham Place, which was his main residence and studio until October 2011.He resided at The Folly in the grounds of Sir Roy Strong's Laskett Garden at Much Birch in Herefordshire. He continued to work despite his terminal cancer diagnosis when he moved to Royal Crescent, Bath in 2020. He died at his home in Bath on August 25, 2021. From the Fifteenth Century to the Present Day, The Artist and the Country House has been featured in the following exhibitions. The Holburne Museum in Bath has a painting of the West Country House and Garden. The British Library has a book called The Artist in the Garden. Living National Treasures - A Celebration of Craftsmanship through the Eyes of Country Life Magazine was published in 1996.13–15. The New Draftsman's Contract The Daily Telegraph newspaper was written by Barnes and Baker. The year 1999 began on 21 August. Anne Barr published a magazine. June 1995 There is 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 The Country Houses of England, The Practice of Garden Theory, and Greater Perfections - The Practice of Garden Theory were written by John Conforth.October 2000 Visions of Paradise Literary Review magazine was published in 2000. 25. The Sunday Telegraph - December 2005, Property Section has a picture of Bunny Guinness. Only a Picture of a House Country Life magazine was published in 1996. 26. The Artist and the Country House, from the Fifteenth Century to the Present Day: Exhibition to Benefit the Prince of Wales's Institute of Architecture was written by John Harris.76–77. The Story of Gardening was published in 2002 and the Garden Painters: Contemporary Artists London: A & C Black Publishers was published in 2009. September 1995. 159. Holly was Portrait of an Estate The Australian. September 29, 2007. Going to the Chapel House & Garden magazine was published in October 1999.192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, Anna Gresgarth Hall Gardens has a magazine. In April 1999. It was 46. Pictures from the Past bring old homes to life in the Daily Post newspaper. The year 1996 began on 6 January. Patina of People Country Life magazine was published in 1995.61–61 Artist Country Life Magazine published an interview with <mask> in July of 2007. Sir Roy wrote The Roy Strong Diaries, The Artist & the Garden, and The Laskett - The Story of a Garden. It was 47. The painting of Hanbury Hall was in the July 1997 issue of Country Life magazine. There is a limit to the number of words that can be used in this article. The magazine was published on 29 April 2009.The central double page spread is on the front cover. A review of the exhibition World of Interiors Painting the West Country House and Garden. pp 112–113. The Laskett was displayed as part of the British Library exhibition "The Artist in the Garden".

masks:
Jonathan Myles Lea
Jonathan Self
Jonathan Self


texts: <mask> is an English artist who was born in Leatherhead. He was nominated for the Turner Prize in 1996 for his exhibitions at the Lisson Gallery, the Gandy Gallery, and three shows in Japan. He is the brother of a painter. Between 1985 and 1989 he was a student at the Hertfordshire College of Art and Design. The Last Supper According to the Flat Back Four Formation (Jesus Christ in Goal) showing the names of the Apostles was one of the wall text pieces that he was included in. He is best known for his work The Great Bear from 1992, an editioned print which reworked the London Underground map. The order system that exists within the world is being applied to another set of subjects.He switched the names from the stations to famous people. Each Line has a different group of people. The edition was purchased by Charles Saatchi and was shown in the Sensation exhibition in 1997. The edition is on display at Tate Britain in London. The MoMA's "The Project Series, 70, Banners I" was one of the large scale projects created by <mask>. The goal for each <mask>, Neshat, and Bing was to test the ramifications of the written word in their own unique perspective to be displayed at the Museum's Fifty-third Street facade flanked by banners bearing MoMA's logo from 22 November 1999 to 1 May 2000. <mask> was employed at the school.The "Freeze" group exhibition was held at the PLA Building in London. The Third Eye Centre is in Glasgow. "Instructions and Diagrams" was written in London. "Doubletake: Collective Memory and Current Art" was held in London, New York City, and Chicago. "Manned flight and colour match" solo exhibition was held in Dsseldorf. "Contemporary Art in Editions on Paper" is a group exhibition. "High Noon" is a solo exhibition at The Fruitmarket Gallery in Edinburgh."Come to Light, Cell Projects" was written in London. The group exhibition "Tall Stories" was held in London. " 100 Artists see God" is a project of the Independent Curators International. "Plantation Lane" is an architecture on the streets of London. The "Sarah and Simon" platform gallery is in London. "This will not happen without you: from the collective archive of the Basement Group," Projects UK and Locus+ said in a statement. "Artography: Mapmaking as Artform" is at the Crawford Art Gallery."No Future" Crawford Art Gallery is open from September 29 to November 10. The "Rights of Way" Café Gallery is located in the park. The Victoria and Albert Museum is in London. "Mapping" is at the Art Gallery, Museum and Archives. There is an exhibition at Haunch of Venison Gallery in London. The British Council Arts in Bangladesh, the National Gallery of Bengal Arts in Bangladesh, and the Museum of Fine Art in Kazakhstan are all listed as "long distance information". The "International Match" is at the Carinthian Museum of Modern Art."<mask>: the Undersea World and Other Stories" is a solo exhibition at The National Maritime Museum. "<mask>fred Owen : La Maison Forestire - Time Piece" is a solo exhibition. The "Smoke" Pumphouse Gallery is located in London. "Print the Legend: the Myth of the West" is a group exhibition. "Kilkenny Arts Festival" is a group exhibition."Irony & Gesture" Kukje Gallery is in Kring Gallery in South Korea. The "BP Exhibition - Classified: Contemporary British Art" is at Tate Britain. "Ballpark" De La Mota is located in Barcelona. "B-Sides and Rarities" is a group exhibition. "GAGARIN The Artists in their Own Words" SMAK was held in Ghent. There is an exhibition at 6 Burlington Gardens in London. "Anthology" is a solo exhibition at Benrimon Contemporary Gallery.There is an exhibition at Haunch of Venison Gallery in London. There are External links to the Contemporary Art Society, Annual Report 2001/ 2002 Contemporary Art Society, Annual Report 1999/2000 Christie's. The La Maison Forestire is dedicated to the British poet Wilfred Owen. The people from Leatherhead are alumni of the University of London.

masks:
Simon
Patterson
Simon
Simon
Simon Patterson
Simon Pattersonil


texts: A German-born American art historian, who spent six decades as a curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, he developed into the world's leading specialist in the field of ancient Greek vases. <mask> was born in Eisenach, Germany on October 26, 1918. An ardent opponent of the Nazi dictatorship, he attended Berlin's Friedrich Wilhelms University and then went to Oxford on the final Rhodes Scholarship awarded in Germany. He worked with Sir John Beazley to group works by identifying the individual craftsmen and workshops that created each of the hundreds of Greek vases. He majored in classical archaeology. <mask> was stuck with the start of World War II because of a tour of museums in the United States in 1939. He narrowly escaped being sent back to Germany against his will because of his strong anti-Nazi sentiment.He received his doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley. He volunteered for the United States Army in 1943. He was sworn in as a US citizen after 90 days in the U.S. Army. He earned a Bronze Star medal and a Purple Heart for his actions in the South Pacific, where he recovered a wounded comrade and carried him back after being wounded himself. After completing his military service, <mask> was hired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1946, and was named a curator in 1959. He was named as distinguished research curator in 1990. <mask> and the Director argued in favor of the purchase of the Euphronios Krater, a vase used to mix wine with water that was from the sixth century BCE.They convinced the museum's board to purchase the artifact for $1 million, which the museum funded through the sale of its coin collection. The Etruscan vase was taken illegally from an ancient site near Rome and the Government of Italy demanded its return. In exchange for multi-year loans of ancient artifacts that were put on display at the Met, the museum sent the krater back to Italy in 2008. The "Thracian Treasures from Bulgaria" exhibit covered twenty centuries of Thracian culture, with more than 500 art works dating back to the Copper Age. The "Greek Art of the Aegean Islands" show included a number of pieces from the Louvre and the Met. The largest known Cycladic sculpture is on loan from the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. The Amasis Painter and his World: Vase Painting in Sixth Century B.C. was based on his research.It was the first show to document the history of the work of a single craftsman from that ancient period as a one-man show. <mask>'s works include the 1957 Amazons in Greek Art, Ancient Art From New York Private Collections and An Inquiry Into the Forgery of the Etruscan Terracotta Warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The book "Athens" was published in 1991 and the book "Ecole du Louvre et le Departement des antiquite" was published in 1992. Wealth of the Ancient World was one of the publications he contributed to. The Institute of Fine Arts is the nation's top-ranked graduate program in art history, according to the National Research Council's 1994 study. He was a recipient of many awards and citations. One of only two Americans to have this honor, he was a member of the Académie franaise.He was a member of the Art Advisory Council of the International Foundation for Art Research. A resident of both the Manhattan district of New York City and Oyster Bay, New York, <mask> died on October 19, 2009, at the age of 90. He was survived by his wife, Joyce de La Bégassire, as well as by a son, <mask> <mask> of San Francisco, a daughter, Maria Villalba of New York City, three stepdaughters, five grandchildren, and five step-brothers. The renowned Egyptologist Bernard v. <mask> died in 1993. A catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries is available online as PDF.

masks:
Bothmer
Bothmer
Bothmer
Bothmer
Bothmer
von Bothmer
Bernard von
Bothmer
Bothmer


texts: <mask> was an English sportsman who played football for several English teams, as well as representing England on thirteen occasions. He was a first-class cricket player. He became a football manager. He was a member of the English Football Hall of Fame. <mask> is the son of <mask>, who was a football player for Port Vale, Fulham andSouthampton. His maternal and mother's maiden names are where his Christian names come from. He had a brother who died when he was a baby.<mask> attended a school when he was a boy. He excelled in football, cricket and athletics. <mask> was promised a trial withLeicester City at the age of 17 by a former South Shields player, according to a family legend. He made his England Schoolboy debut on April 23, 1927, scoring in the 6–1 win over Wales at Eastville Stadium. He captained the side and scored twice in the final game of the season, a 3–2 win over Wales. <mask> received a gold watch with details of his England football and school cricket achievements on it when he left school in the summer of 1928. His uncle, Ted, who had been acting as his guardian since his father's death in March 1928, was not impressed and insisted he learn a trade to fall back on and also noted <mask> was still too small and light for professional football.<mask> was an electrician with the company. He was a member of the works team and also the team that contained many of the best junior players in the country. <mask> reminded George of his promise on his 17th birthday. The trial for <mask> was arranged by Metcalfe after the visit ofLeicester City. <mask> was told by the manager of the city that he was too small to impress. <mask> was an amateur football player in the summer of 1931. He was considered too small to be a professional after a trial.He was the leader of local amateur side Esh Winning. <mask> made his debut for the reserves against Walker Celtic on October 10, 1931. He signed a professional contract in 1931. The part-time contract was for 3 nights a week for 3 shillings plus 1 shilling for each reserve team appearance. A big increase on his apprenticeship. His wage was raised to £8 a week after 9 appearances. The youngest man to have captained a First Division title-winning side was <mask>, who captained Sunderland to the Football League title in 1936.<mask> was sent off for the only time in his career in a 5–0 defeat at Middesbrough. In December 1936 <mask> received a benefit cheque for 5 years of service with the club. Despite a long career, he never did 5 years continuous service again, so he only received a benefit cheque. He scored the second goal in the 3–1 win over the North End in the 1937 FA Cup final. The Second World War left him without many of his best years. He was the only player to win Cup winners medals before and after the war. After the club refused his request for a new 10-year contract, <mask> was transferred to another club.Several clubs expressed an interest. <mask> joined Derby County before the FA Cup transfer deadline. <mask> made his Football League debut for Derby. He played for two other teams. <mask> signed a short term contract with Cork Athletic in February of 1953. The terms were less than the maximum wage in England. He was able to fly to Ireland every weekend for matches.He scored twice on his debut and helped his new club to a cup double. He was selected to play for the League of Ireland against the English Football League. <mask> was an inside forward for England. He made his international debut against Scotland on April 14, 1934. <mask> gained his last cap in a 1–0 defeat against Switzerland in the Hardturm Stadium. He played for the Combined Services and won 17 international caps. Stanley Matthews said that <mask> was the ideal partner for him. <mask> was a supreme entertainer who dodged, dribbled, twisted and turned, sending bewildered left-halves madly along false trails.Inside the penalty box with the ball at his feet and two or three defenders snapping at his ankles, he'd find the space to get a shot in at goal. I was in my element because he'd play the ball out wide to me. He was at Madame Tussauds on April 20, 1937. His name was dropped from the title in 1955 and the magazine was incorporated into World Soccer in 1970. He joined the auxiliary fire brigade after the war and was asked to join the fire service. When he was the only man appointed to the Fire Service from over 200 applicants, some thought it was a way of avoiding National Service and others thought it was a way of favouritism. <mask> joined the air force in 1941.After several postings he was posted to the Loughborough Rehabilitation Centre, where he worked with airmen in plaster casts and helped them recover from their injuries. <mask> played 17 war time internationals as well as other games for the Combined Services. He was a guest at York City and Derby County. Cricket career ideas of a dual football-cricket career were discounted as <mask> felt he would be unable to give his full attention to two sports and that cricket would probably involve moving away from home and serving a residential qualification before being eligible to play In July 1933 he made his debut in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham County Cricket Club against Yorkshire's Second XI. He top scored with 44 runs in a total of 145 and kept his place in the next game when Durham beat the West Indies at Ashbrooke, despite being dismissed for a duck. In July 1934, he was selected to play for Durham against Yorkshire's 2nd XI; he took 4/22 and scored 10 runs, keeping his place in the side for the next game against the touring Australians side.<mask> was a member of the Derbyshire County Cricket Club. In June 1946, he made his County Championship debut. In his three first-class matches, he was a right-handed batter. He was a left-arm orthodox bowler. <mask> was a regular player in the Durham Senior League during the summer. He turned down several clubs who wanted to hire him as their cricket professional because of his loyalty to Hendon. He played for Chaddesden after moving to Derby.He played for the cricket teams of Derby County and Hull City. <mask> used some of his England shirts to play cricket. <mask> was known as the "Gilbert Jessop of Durham". The managerial career of <mask> began to circulate in February 1948. <mask> was interviewed for the position but there were two stumbling blocks, the length of the contract and the club's wish to make the appointment at the end of the season. <mask> joined Hull City as an assistant manager for $6,000. He thought Hull City would provide the fastest route into a manager's position and that he would learn more under Major Frank Buckley.He was appointed player manager after Buckley's resignation. In his first season at Hull City, <mask> won the Division Three North title, reached the Round 6 of the FA Cup and bought a young Don Revie. The side finished 7th and 10th in Division Two. <mask> offered his resignation on September 5, 1951. There was no reason given for it to be accepted by the directors. The directors of Hull City asked him not to train with them after several clubs expressed an interest in signing him. He played amateur football in Leconfield.He came back as a player with Hull City on December 8, 1951, for the rest of the season, after strong public support, although not all the directors were supportive. <mask> stated he was joining as manager only, although he did play in several friendly games. They finished 10th and 4th in Division 2 in his first two seasons. <mask> turned down an offer to return to Derby County as manager. He received a new 3-year contract to replace the 2 one year contracts he had previously. After a nine-year absence, Leeds United were promoted to Division 1 in 1956. John Charles scored 38 goals as they finished 8th in the top flight.He left for Italy. In the summer. Without his goals, the team finished 17th. There were tears in the chairman's eyes when he said that <mask>'s contract would not be renewed. <mask> was shocked by the decision. <mask> was appointed as the town manager in February 1960. They were demoted to Division 4 in his first season.The side finished 20th and 15th in the next 2 seasons. He was linked to Cardiff City in October 1962, after a good start to the 1962/3 season. He became manager of Division 2 Middlesbrough on January 11, 1963. Philip Lowery was presented with his town colors by Raich. The young team he left were going to get promoted back to Division 3 at the end of the season. After finishing fourth, 10th and 17th, his team parted company with <mask>, who was in 20th place. They were demoted to the bottom of the league at the end of the season.<mask>'s style of playing and management was seen as blaming others for his mistakes while he was a player. <mask> thought it was necessary to give teammates instructions in a loud voice to be heard over crowd noise. <mask> wanted his players to play it by ear, he didn't want to over coach them. In an interview with the Hull Daily Mail in February 1949, <mask> joked, "I used to be arrogant but I've matured and grown more tolerant; now I'm just conceited." <mask> was a manager who believed in fostering a strong team spirit and was supportive of his players. He didn't suffer fools because he was demanding and authoritative. He wouldn't sanction illegal or underhand payments.<mask> weighed 10 stones and 7 pounds when he reported for pre-season training in 1934. He had gained 15 pounds over the previous year. He wasn't going to grow taller. <mask> advertised Nufix haircream when he was at Hull City. <mask> married Rose Marsh, a long lost school friend, on April 26, 1937. He and his best man had to leave the reception to join up with their teammates in the Bushey Hall Hotel, where they were preparing for the FA Cup Final. Their daughter was born in 1943.The family moved to Derby to be close to Rose's parents after Rose suffered from ill health. <mask> and Rose opened a sweet and tobacco shop in Hull in 1951. It was sold on his appointment as a manager. <mask> died in a Hull hospital in May of 1953 after suffering from rheumatic fever as a child and a weak heart. She went to live with her maternal grandmother. <mask> married a former Hull City employee on January 3, 1955. Their daughter, Jane, was born in June of 1956.<mask> <mask> was born in 1969. The <mask>s opened a newsagent's shop in Anlaby Road in Hull. They opened an ice cream parlour in a spare room in the summer of 1959 after business was slow due to a printing strike. <mask> settled in Willerby after living in Hull between managerial positions. <mask> used to work as a match reporter for the Sunday Mirror, often reporting on his former clubs. The sports department of the Hull Cooperative Store closed down a year after <mask> took the job. <mask> was on the Pools Panel for 6 years.<mask> ran a credit collection business for over 20 years. <mask> died of a stroke on 3 September 1993 after suffering two strokes in July 1992. He died in Willerby in 1994. Pat arranged for his medal collection to be displayed in the city after his death. A request from Derby County for 4 items from his time with them to be donated to their Hall of Fame was accommodated. The Raich Carter Sports Centre opened in 2001. There is a road in Hull named after him.The Raich Carter Sports Centre was opened in 2001 near to where he grew up and the site of his hometown club's first ever ground. The first game at the new KC Stadium was played in December 2002 and was called the 'Raich Carter Trophy'. The Black Cats were defeated 1–0 by the Tigers. The National Football Museum houses the English Football Hall of Fame. FA Cup: 1936–37, FA Charity Shield: 1935–36, Derby County FA Cup: 1945–46. The players are from Derby County. The players are from Hull City A.F.C.The players are from York City F.C. Cardiff City F.C. had guest players during the war. League of Ireland players and League of Ireland managers. The managers of United F.C. There are managers at Mansfield Town F.C. F.C. managers There are managers at Huddersfield Town A.F.C.The guest players were English cricketers, Durham cricketers, and English Football League players. The Royal Air Force personnel of World War II were in the FA Cup Final.

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Carter
Carter
Robert Carter
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Raich
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texts: <mask> is an American educational administrator, teacher, and composer. His great-grandfather was a violinist, his grandfather was a pianist, and his uncle was a pianist. <mask> was appointed Dean and Director of The Juilliard School Music Division in May of 2021. The Marlboro Music School is one of the places <mask> has held residencies. At the inauguration of Barack Obama, his choral work was performed. <mask> joined the composition faculty at theCurtis Institute of Music as of the 2010-2011 academic year, and is the artistic director of theCurtis 20-21 Contemporary Music ensemble and the dean of artistic programs. He has composed music for films.<mask> originally intended to take a degree in art history but decided to take a music degree. Richard Hoffmann was one of his teachers. He studied at the University of Vienna. He received his M.M. after that. A degree from the Manhattan School of Music. He did additional post-graduate work with Richard Danielpour, Ned Rorem, and John Corigliano. He received his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, where he worked on his "Sonata for Violin and Piano".<mask> won the A.I. He received the du Pont Award for his significant contribution to contemporary classical music. <mask> was a winner of the First Music Award, a two-time recipient of the Independence Foundation Fellowship, a Theodore Presser Foundation Career Grant, and awards from New Music USA, the American Composers Forum, the American Music Center, and the National Endowment for the Arts. <mask> was honored by Choral Arts Philadelphia as a City Cultural Leader. <mask> is married to a violinist. The Orchestral Les Adieux Concerto for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra was written in 2020. "Book of Hours" for solo Soprano and Orchestra Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra Hanukkah, SATB chorus, brass, and strings Concertino for solo violin and orchestra.Scenes from Childhood for cello and piano, Six Haikus for horn and piano, Dante Microludes for cello, and Three Chansons for cello are included in Density 15.1. The anchoress is a large ensemble for flute and piano and Missa Brevis is in it.

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David Serkin Ludwig
Ludwig
Ludwig
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Ludwig


texts: During World War II, <mask> was an admiral in the United States Navy. He commanded the Allied forces in the Aleutian Islands Campaign and built a reputation as a fighting admiral. He commanded an Allied fleet during the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the largest naval battle of World War II, and conducted numerous amphibious operations in the Southwest Pacific Area. <mask> was ranked in the lower half of his class on his graduation from the United States Naval Academy. His service was spent on battleships. He served in the field of ordnance engineering for many years. The United States invaded the Dominican Republic in 1916.He was attached to the Royal Navy and served as an officer on the battleship during World War I. He was the assistant chief of staff to the commander after the war. A naval unit in Turkey. The destroyer was Kinkaid's first command. When the Long Beach earthquake struck in 1933, he was the executive officer of the battleship. The heavy cruiser was his second command. Kinkaid was a naval attache in Italy and Yugoslavia from 1939 to 1941.He commanded a squadron of destroyers before the U.S. entered World War II. He assumed command of the U.S. Pacific Fleet cruiser division in 1941. During the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway, his cruisers defended the aircraft carrier. After that battle, he took command of Task Force 16, a task force built around the carrier, which he led in the Battles of the Eastern Solomons and the Santa Cruz Islands. The operations that regained control of the Aleutian Islands were commanded by Kinkaid. In June 1943, he was promoted to vice admiral. In 1943, Kinkaid became Commander Allied Naval Forces South West Pacific Area and Commander of the Seventh Fleet, directing U.S. and Royal Australian Navy forces.He commanded the Allied ships in the last naval battle between battleships in history. The Allied navy supported the campaigns in the Philippines and Borneo after the fall of the Japanese naval power in the region. <mask> was promoted to admiral on April 3, 1945. The Seventh Fleet assisted in operations on the Korean and China coasts after the Pacific War ended. The Commander of the Eastern Sea Frontier and the Sixteenth Fleet was Admiral <mask>. He was a member of the National Security Training Commission. He was a member of the American Battle Monuments Commission for 15 years.The second child and only son of <mask> <mask>, a naval officer and his wife Virginia Lee, was born in New Hampshire on April 3, 1888. <mask> <mask> was employed at the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts while on leave from the U.S. Navy. When <mask> was a year old, his father was posted to and the family moved to Alaska, where a third child was born in 1890. In the next few years, the family successively moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Norfolk, Virginia; Annapolis, Maryland and Georgetown, Washington, D.C. The Naval Academy has a prep school. He was asked to take the admission exam after securing an appointment to Annapolis from President Theodore Roosevelt. The intake of midshipmen was double that of two years earlier as the Navy underwent a period of expansion.Of the 350 who took the exam, 283 were admitted. The Academy opened in 1845. Kinkaid was admitted to the midshipman program in July 1904. Four future chiefs of naval operations were taught by his instructors. King. He took an instructional cruise in 1905. He spent six weeks on a ship.His training cruises were obsolete by this time. He earned a seat in the Academy's eight-oar racing shell because of his participation in sports. He graduated in June of 1908, ranked 136th in his class. Kinkaid joined the crew of the battleship in San Francisco in his first posting. He traveled around the globe with the fleet, visiting New Zealand and Australia. The fleet returned to Norfolk, Virginia in February 1909. Kinkaid failed navigation after taking his exams for the rank of ensign.Kinkaid remained a midshipman while his classmates were promoted in June 1910. He was hospitalized in New York, New York, and then sent to Annapolis to recuperate after he developed pleurisy. Kinkaid was allowed to stay with his parents while he was studying for his navigation exam because his father was in charge of the Naval Engineering Experiment Station. Commander William Sims, a friend of Kinkaid's father, encouraged Kinkaid's early interest in gunnery and he was posted to the battleship in October. On 7 December, Kinkaid passed his navigation exam and on 14 February, he was promoted to ensign. Kinkaid met the daughter of a Philadelphia businessman while still at Annapolis. A small number of guests attended the wedding in the Silver Chapel of St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Philadelphia.No children were produced by their marriage. They were 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 In 1913, Kinkaid began a course in ordnance at the Naval Academy Postgraduate School. A tour of duty at the Indian Head Naval Proving Ground was part of the four months of classroom instruction. Students were required to remain in the Navy for at least eight years. The United States occupation of Veracruz halted Kinkaid's three-month assignment at Midvale Steel. During the 1916 United States occupation of the Dominican Republic, Kinkaid was ordered to report to the gunboat for duty in the Caribbean.The ship came under fire for the first time. Machias replied with machine guns. <mask> fired his gun to help clear the weapon. He fired it in response to gunfire. <mask> went to New York to study the manufacture of spotting and fire control systems after Machias returned home. He wrote a pamphlet about fire control at the Washington Navy Yard. He created a design for a human torpedo, but the bureau decided it was not sound.He took tours at Bethlehem Steel and the Indian Head Naval Proving Ground. Kinkaid reported to the navy's newest battleship as a gunfire spotter in July 1916. He was promoted to lieutenant in January 1917. He was ordered to supervise the delivery of a new rangefinder from the Norfolk Navy Yard to the Grand Fleet. Kinkaid was ordered by Sims to deliver secret documents to the admiral at a meeting with Allied naval leaders in Paris. After returning to the United Kingdom, Kinkaid tested the rangefinder on Whale Island. He visited optical works in London, York and Glasgow to look at the British Royal Navy's equipment.He traveled to the United States in January 1918 to consult with Ford Instruments and Sperry Gyroscope about fire control systems. He was promoted to lieutenant commander in February 1918. Arizona was sent to cover the Greek occupation of Smyrna. Kinkaid was recommended for a medal for his service from September 1918 to July 1919, but it was not awarded. <mask> was posted to a shore in Washington D.C. and published two articles in the United States Naval Institute magazine. There was a technical article on the "Probability and Accuracy of Gun Fire". The number and size of warships and their guns would be restricted by the Washington Naval Conference.At a time when naval aviators were clamoring for the creation of a new specialist branch of their own, the second book argued for increasing the specializations of line officers rather than creating separate corps of specialists. <mask> was the Assistant Chief of Staff to the Commander U.S. in 1922. Rear admiral Mark L. Bristol was in Turkish Waters. The end of the Greek occupation of Smyrna was seen on this tour. Bristol's post was reduced to a primarily diplomatic one as a result of the draw-down of the U.S. naval forces in the region. Kinkaid requested a posting back to the US due to his mother's health issues. The ship taking him back, the light cruiser, had to sail by way of Iran in order to collect the body of Vice Consul Robert Whitney Imbrie, who was killed by an angry mob in Tehran.The destroyer was Kinkaid's first command. Kinkaid was able to live with Helen at her parents' residence in Philadelphia since ships' captains did not have to spend their nights on board. He was assigned to the Naval Gun Factory in July of 1925. He was promoted to commander in June of 1926. He was Aide to the Commander in Chief of the U.S. Fleet for two years. Kinkaid attended the Naval War College in 1929 and 1930. The Navy General Board was followed by duty.He joined the State Department as a Naval advisor. In February 1933, Kinkaid became executive officer of, one of the navy's newest battleships. The Long Beach earthquake struck when the ship was at anchor. Thousands of sailors and marines took part in relief activities. Kinkaid convinced the captain to allow homeless families of crew members to stay on the ship, and erected tarpaulins on the quayside to create family areas. He brought medical and relief supplies to Colorado. He returned to Washington in 1934 for a tour of duty with the Bureau of navigation, in charge of the officers' detail section.Kinkaid was going to be promoted to captain. Kinkaid was passed over for promotion despite being selected in January 1935. After passing the required physical and professional exams, he was promoted on January 11, 1937, after the help of strong fitness reports from his superiors. The heavy cruiser was Kinkaid's second seagoing command. On June 7, 1937, he took over from Henry K. Hewitt. Captain Alan G. Kirk got the job of naval attaché to London. Kinkaid accepted the post in Rome.He was posted there in November of 1938. He was accredited with the American embassy in Belgrade in 1939. Italy was unprepared for war according to Kinkaid. He warned of Italy's readiness in May 1940. The Count told him that Italy would declare war on France and Britain in June of 1940. He gave accurate reports on the damage done by the British. He came back to the U.S. in March 1941.Kinkaid faced the possibility of being selected to rear admiral. He knew that captains usually need a certain amount of seagoing command experience to be considered, but because his tour of duty on Indianapolis had been cut short, he didn't have enough months to take up the post in Rome. He talked to the head of the officers' detail section at the bureau of navigation, who had recently been selected for flag rank. Kinkaid was recommended for command of the destroyer squadron by <mask>pender. Kinkaid was somewhat senior for this seagoing command. Kinkaid was promoted to rear admiral in August 1941 despite having no more than two years of total command experience. He was promoted to flag rank before the United States entered the war.Before retirement, no one in the lower class was promoted to flag rank. The heavy cruisers Coral Sea and Midway Kinkaid were ordered to be relieved of their commander. This was part of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought the U.S. into the war. The Commander in Chief of the U.S. Fleet was Kinkaid's brother-in-law. During the attempt to relieve Wake Island, Kinkaid was an observer and did not assume command of the division until December 1941. With the loss of most of the battleships at Pearl Harbor, the role of the cruiser became defending the carriers against air attack, rather than scouting and screening.The Task Force 11 was built around the carrier. Task Force 11 rendezvoused with Task Force 17 on 1 May 1942. The screening cruisers and destroyers of both carriers were commanded by Kinkaid. American carriers did not embark adequate numbers of fighters, nor skillfully employed what they had, at this stage of carrier warfare. When Task Force 17 was attacked three days later in the Battle of the Coral Sea, Kinkaid's gunners had to defend it. The radical maneuvering of the carriers under attack made it

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Thomas Kinkaid
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Thomas Wright
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Thomas Wright
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Thomas
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