texts: One of the two notable female bushrangers was <mask>. <mask> was born at the Berrico outstation of the Australian Agricultural Company near Gloucester, New South Wales, on May 7, 1834. <mask>, who was born in Essex, England in 1801, was sentenced to death for stealing meat from the Essex Assizes. He was wrongly recorded as "James Brigg" when he sailed on the convict transport Sesostris. He was assigned to the Australian Agricultural Company as a shepherd. He was assigned to oversee the Company's outstation at Berrico after he was promoted to overseer. He was granted a ticket-of-leave in 1834 which allowed him to work for himself as long as he remained in the district and attended a muster.<mask>, John, William, James, Jane, Elizabeth, and Thomas were all born from Bugg's relationship with Charlotte. <mask> and John were christened by Reverend William Cowper. Bugg headed to Australia with them the next day. The Company's Commissioner, Colonel Henry Dumaresq, was requested to find a school for them so as to elevate them above the Barbarism of her Tribe. They were sent to the Orphan School, however they weren't educated there. <mask> went to school in Sydney for literacy, numeracy, and domestic skills before returning to her hometown of Berrico when she was ten years old. Less than a month after her birthday, <mask> married Edmund Baker at the Church of England.Edward Baker was a Lady Harewell transportee. They appear to have given birth to a girl, but this can't be said with certainty. Within a year or two of their marriage, their relationship ended. When gold was discovered at the Turon River, Bugg and John were living in the Bathurst district. By the time her second son was christened, the couple had settled in the Mudgee district. Bugg had three children, <mask>, Patrick Christopher and Ellen, with ex-soldier James McNally. In 1860, Bugg met ticket-of-leave convict Frederick Ward at a farm north of Mudgee.After meeting Frederick Ward, Fred Ward Bugg's relationship fell pregnant. Ward took Bugg back to her father's farm at Monkerai for the baby's delivery and they had a daughter named Marina Emily. Ward had to stay in the Mudgee district and attend three-monthly musters in order to take <mask> to Monkerai. As it turned out, he was late returning for the muster, and he compounded the problem by riding into town on a horse claimed by the owner to have been "stolen" (although the owner admitted during Ward's trial that the horse had simply gone missing and that he had heard that After his ticket-of-leave was revoked, he was returned to Cockatoo Island to serve the remaining six years of his previous ten-year sentence, along with an additional three years for being found in possession of a stolen horse. Bugg helped Ward escape from Cockatoo Island, one of the few successful escapes during the island's history as a penal settlement, however this may not be correct. <mask> was said to have stayed in the Dungog district where she was working to support herself and her two youngest children while others said she went to work in the harbour.She swam the shark-infested harbour to deliver a file for Ward to remove his leg irons and then used a lamp to guide him to a safe landing. He did not meet up with Ward again until after he escaped from Cockatoo Island. Bugg and her two daughters, Ellen and Marina, were collected by Ward after the toll-bar robbery. During the Great Flood of 1864, they traveled through the mountains west of Gloucester and ended up at the Culgoa River, where William was working. They lived quietly for the rest of the year, however early in 1865 Ward joined forces with three other people and began to rob stations and hawkers in the north-western plains near Collarenebri. During his six-and-a-half years as a bushranger, he robbed from as far north asQueensland as well as from Narrabri. Bugg gave birth to another child, a daughter named <mask> Ward, in 1865, but she left the child with friends or relations so she could remain on the run with Ward.Her eyes and ears helped keep him safe from the troopers. She acted as his scout, visiting towns to find out if the troopers were around, however there is no evidence to suggest that she accompanied him during his robberies, although the community at large believed that she did. She looked after the bush camps and the cattle. At a time when women did not wear men's clothing, she looked like a young man wearing knee-length trousers, Wellington boots, moleskin, a Crimean shirt, a monkey jacket, and a cabbage tree hat. She did not sidesaddle and rode astride as did a man in those days. She referred to herself as the "Captain's Lady" and was proud of her association with Ward. Bugg was arrested by the police three times because of her involvement with the outlaw.She was sentenced to six months in gaol for vagrancy, however an outcry in Parliament led the Attorney General to examine the paperwork associated with her conviction and to recommend her release on the grounds that the charges had been poorly phrased and did not use the necessary terminology to convict. In 1867, a conviction for being in possession of stolen goods was overturned when a shop assistant identified her as having purchased some of the goods. Death Most Thunderbolt books claim that Bugg died at the Goulburn River in 1867, however this was a woman named Louisa Mason who was the wife of Robert Michael Mason. <mask> and Ward separated a short time after <mask> fell pregnant again. Frederick Wordsworth Ward was born in August 1868. <mask> had four children who survived infancy, including Ida Margaret and George Herbert. <mask> was a nurse before she died at Mudgee in 1905.Frederick took after his birth father, becoming a groom and later a horse-trainer, but he died unmarried in 1937. Natasha Wanganeen plays Bugg in Drunk History Australia, a 2020 Network 10 TV series. There are 1836 births and 1905 deaths of Australian people of English descent.

masks:
Mary Ann Bugg
Mary Ann Bugg
James Bugg
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Mary Jane
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Elizabeth Ann
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Mary Ann


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> is a British track and field athlete who competes in the long jump. She has competed in a number of sports. She won a silver medal in the long jump at the Commonwealth Games. She finished eighth in the long jump at both the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Olympics. She competed in the sixth series of The Voice UK. In June 2021, she achieved her outdoor personal best of 6.90m. There was a Jamaican father and an English mother who became the Chief Constable of Staffordshire.Sawyers was a gymnast from the age of four. She began to take part in athletics events at school when she was ten years old. <mask> graduated from Bristol University with a degree in law. Sawyers focused on high jump and long jump during his athletics career. She finished second in the high jump at the English Schools Championships in 2007, her best jump. She won the English Schools' titles in the long jump and theathlon twice in 2009. She received a scholarship to study at Millfield public school.Sawyer had his first international appearances in 2011. She placed ninth in the heptathlon at the World Youth Championships. She won the gold medal in the long jump at the Commonwealth Youth Games after clearing six metres for the first time. She was part of the England team that won the 4 100 metres relay. Sawyers was ill-prepared for the heptathlon in the summer of 2012 because of her bobsleigh training. She decided to focus on the long jump instead of the strength training she had done for the winter sport. She set a world-leading junior mark and set a personal best as a result of this switch.At the 2012 World Junior Championships in athletics, Sawyers' distance was beaten only by the wind-assisted jumps of British rival Katerina Johnson-Thompson and Germany's Lena Malkus. The second best wind-legal jump by a junior woman that year was hers. Sawyers began training with local coach Minichiello after gaining a place at the University ofSheffield. She continued to focus on the long jump. She was runner-up at the university championship. She placed second at the European Junior Championships behind Malaika Mihambo of Germany, then took second place at the UK Championships. She won her first meet abroad at the Gugl Games in Linz, Austria, at the end of the track and field season.She is studying criminology and law at Bristol University. She worked with her coach and former long jumper Alan Lerwill at the University of Bath. At the start of the year, Sawyers set an indoor best to place second to Johnson-Thompson at the UK Athletics Indoor Championships. In the build up to the European Team Championships, she had a string of victories, including a win at the universities championship. She gained selection for the long jump for England at the Commonwealth Games despite being second to Johnson-Thompson at the outdoor nationals. Sawyer's England's leading medal hope was made worse by the fact that one of the English athletes could not compete in the final due to injury. Her final round jump was her best of the season and resulted in a silver medal and her first international senior medal.She won the long jump at the British Championships in 2020 with a jump of 6.69 metres, becoming a double British champion. She had won the event before. Sawyers was approached by the British Bobsleigh and Skeleton Association to train for the inaugural Youth Winter Olympics. She formed a two-man bob team. In January 2012 she represented Great Britain at the bobsleigh at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics and <mask> and McNeil became the country's first ever medal-winning team. She was one of the torch relay carriers. Sawyers appeared in The Voice UK in February of last year.She secured Will.i.am as her coach, though she told the programme that her main priority was athletics. She was eliminated from the show in a sing-off against another singer. Right To Play is the world's leading sport for development charity. Right To Play's education programme was visited by her. English female bobsledders, English female long jumpers, British female long jumpers, British heptathletes, Olympic female long jumpers, Great Britain athletes at the 2016 Summer Olympics Bobsled.

masks:
Jazmin Sawyers
Sawyers
Sawyers


texts: An Assyrian national leader, politician, doctor and poet named <mask> was born in 1891. One of the founding members of the Assyrian Socialist Party was <mask>. He is remembered as a romantic figure by Assyrians, who consider him to be a national hero and martyr. <mask> was born in Iran and grew up in Georgia. He graduated from a Russian missionary school in 1915 and went on to study medicine in Russia. During World War I, he was recruited as a medical doctor into the Imperial Russian Army and he held various positions and offices, both medical and political, before returning to Urmia in 1916 as a political officer and the head of an army hospital. The Assyrian National Committee of Urmia sent young Assyrians to study in Russia.The Assyrian Socialist Party was founded in 1917 by <mask>, Benjamin Arsanis and Baba Parhad, who were inspired by the February Revolution in Russia. The United Free Assyria was published in April 1917. Other Assyrian cultural efforts include Atturaya. He published articles in both Kokhva and his own Assyrian magazine. He was a poet and founded Assyrian libraries in Moscow and Tbilisi. The Assyrians of Tbilisi formed the National Council of Transcaucasia to help Assyrian refugees during the Sayfo. In 1921, he was elected as the chairman of the Assyrian People's Council, the exeutive committee of the Assyrian National Council of Georgia.The Soviets opposed <mask>'s efforts to align his efforts with the policies of the Soviet Union because of his Assyrian nationalism and some of his other policies being opposed to what they viewed as the principles of communism. He was arrested twice by the Soviet authorities. He was executed by shooting after his second arrest. In 1891, <mask> Bet-Abram was born in the village of Charbash in Iran. His parents were Yacob Bet-Abram and Insoph Taimoorazy. The name <mask> means "the Assyrian" and was assumed later on during his activism. In 1901, <mask> and his family moved to Georgia.Georgia was at the beginning of the 20th century one of the unofficial centers of the Assyrian elite, due to the concentration of Assyrian refugees, vacancies for employment in the local competitive labor market and other factors. In the early 1910s, <mask> headed a troupe that acted in the Marjanishvili Theatre. The "Dramatic Society of Assyrians in Tbilisi" performs plays based on Assyrian culture and history. They performed two plays, the first of which was written by Atturaya, and the second of which was written by Ninus. The Assyrian Kokhva magazine received all of the proceeds from this performance. <mask> studied medicine at a Russian missionary school. The city's population was massacred by the Ottoman Empire in 1915, the same year he graduated as a doctor.The Assyrian activist Ashur Yousif was killed by the Ottomans in 1915. Atturaya could have attended the military academy at the Leningrad University. In the Imperial Russian Army, <mask> was appointed as a medical doctor. During World War I, <mask> was promoted to the head of a military hospital in Georgia and eventually became the Chief Medical Officer for the Northern and Southern Railways. A prominent center for Assyrian nationalism was Urmia. The Assyrian elite in Urmia became convinced that there was nobody else protecting them and they had to organize themselves and fight for their freedom and independence on their own. The Kokhva magazine was the "mouthpiece" of the Assyrian movement, it was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 from 1906 to 1918.Despite denominational differences, Kokhva supported unity among the Assyrians. The Assyrian National Council was created in 1906 to send representatives to the Iranian parliament. The organization was dissolved due to the rivalry between the different Christian denominations. The second iteration of the National Council was founded in Georgia. <mask> was an activist for Assyrian nationalism. <mask> wrote an article in Kokhva titled "Who are the Syrians?" when she was twenty years old. How will our nation be raised up?He said that the modern Assyrians were the children of Ashur or Ator, the second son of Shem. He continued to work with Kokhva to promote Assyrian nationalism. During the war, <mask> was part of a contingent of Russian soldiers. He was a political officer and a medical professional at the hospital. He was one of two Assyrians sent to interview the Russians about the organization of refugees of the Caucasian front of World War I. The Assyrian National Committee of Urmia gave local Christians the chance to study in Russia. About 250 young Assyrians studied in Russia with the help of this programme.He presented himself as a thinker and a revolutionary. Unlike the stereotypical image of Assyrians as mountain tribesmen, <mask>'s photographs showed him as a slender man with round wire-frame glasses, posing with his fist on his temple. The Assyrian Socialist Party was founded in 1917 by <mask>, Benjamin Arsanis and Baba Parhad, who were inspired by the February Revolution in Russia. The Assyrian Socialist Party, founded in Urmia, was the first ever Assyrian political party and advocated for the creation of an independent Assyrian state in the Assyrian homeland. The Assyrian Socialist Party used to be known as the Assyrian Socialist Party of the Transcaucasus. Although Arsanis headed the party's central committee, <mask> was so important to the party's foundation that some historians list him as founder. In 1917, the party established cells in various villages in the Transcaucasus and reached more than two hundred full members.In 1917, after hearing of the ongoing Sayfo in the Ottoman Empire, Atturaya published the Marxist-inspired Urmia Manifesto of the United Free Assyria. The Assyrian people's main goal is to gain peace, freedom and autonomy in their homeland. The Assyrian state was to be economically, military and industrially tied to Russia according to the manifesto. The Urmia Manifesto advocated for Assyria to be led by intellectual and political leaders rather than the clergy. The Assyrian Socialist Party was condemned by the Assyrian Church of the East as it was threatening the spiritual leadership of the Assyrian Church of the East. The Assyrian Socialist Party wanted to establish cells in Russia in order to facilitate the return of the Assyrians to their homeland. After the victory of the Russian Revolution, the Assyrian National Council held a meeting attended by many thousands and both Atturaya and Arsanis held speeches.The Assyrian Socialist Party's policies were viewed as opposed to the principles of communism by the Soviets, despite the fact that they were opposed to the Assyrian movement. The Assyrians of Tbilisi, aided by members of the local government, formed a committee to help Assyrian refugees from Turkey and Iran. The National Council of Transcaucasia was Atturaya's idea. On January 3, 1918, Atturaya was without much opposition elected chairman. Around 7,000 Assyrian refugees were personally met by Atturaya. The council quickly began to invest itself into military matters, overstepping its original mission and purpose. Atturaya kept up to date with developments on the front of the war and was in contact with allied military officials regarding the equipment of Assyrian units in their armies.The creation of such units was viewed by the council as a step towards the army of a future Assyrian state. The National Council of Transcaucasia collapsed in the spring of 1918 due to internal disagreements. The organization was dissolved at the council's final meeting. The Assyrian National Council of Georgia reorganized as the Assyrian National Council of Georgia in 1921 after internal disagreements led to the rise of other Assyrian organizations. <mask> was elected chairman of the Assyrian People's Council in a meeting on March 11, 1921. The meeting between <mask> and Chicherin didn't have much effect on resettling Assyrian refugees in Iran. Arrests and death were used to fight nationalism in the Soviet Union.Over the course of the 1920s, the majority of the Assyrian cultural and political elite within the Soviet Union were victims of persecution. Some were sent to forced labor camps and a few were killed. The Soviet authorities arrested <mask> as a "British spy" in 1924. He was arrested again on July 12. The case of <mask> was transferred to the People's Commissariat of Justice of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic for a public hearing. On 30 August, <mask> sent a letter to the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union with the title "My spy case, devised by my personal enemies". He died on October 2, 1926.The Soviets denied involvement in his death and claimed that he had hanged himself, but later historians said that he was poisoned in prison, and that he was executed by shooting. <mask> had two children with his wife, one of which was born in 1923 and the other in 1926. One of the first Assyrians to be given a common name was <mask>'s son. At the time of <mask>'s last arrest, he never saw his daughter, as he was pregnant with Nelli. Legacy <mask> is seen by some Assyrians as a martyr and a romantic figure. The publication of his own Assyrian nationalist magazine and the establishment of Assyrian libraries in Tbilisi and Moscow were some of <mask>'s other cultural efforts. Many poems were dedicated to the Assyrian cause by Atturaya.Some of his poems have been turned into popular songs due to the destruction of the archives of the Assyrian Socialist Party and his own personal archive. One of his poems has become a national anthem for Assyrians. "Oh Eagle of Tkhuma" describes the flight of an eagle over the lands of ancient Assyria, focusing first on the mountains and then on the "bold and warlike men" who live there. There are references to Assyrian nationalists, Assyrian politicians, Russian people of Assyrian descent, and Iranian people imprisoned abroad.

masks:
Freydun Bet Abram
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Freydun
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya
Atturaya


texts: From 1930 to 1936, Joseph-<mask>vié was the governor-general of French West Africa, and from 1937 to 1939 he was the governor-general of French Indochina. He believed it was important to have deep understanding of the local people and respect for their civilization. The administration was seen as the economic and human development of the people. He was the Minister of Overseas France and the Colonies from April 1942 to March 1943. He lost his rank and pension as a result of his participation in the government. Joseph-<mask>révié was born in Bagnres-de-Luchon. He was an administrator after graduating from the cole coloniale.From January to April 1903, he worked in the Finance department. Brévié was involved in the organization of the colony. He served in several places in the 19th century. A site near Tondidarou was discovered in 1904 and contains a group of stone monuments. Brévié was in the country from 1913 to 1919. There was a revolt against the French in November 1915. The situation was reviewed at the end of the month by Brévié.The French were checked at the battle of Yankasso on December 23, 1915. By the end of July 1916, most of the country was at peace. Brévié was in the village of Massantola in the Beledougou region of Malian when he heard a woman singing about her son who had been killed in a rebellion against the French. A propos d'une chanson bambara (About a Bambara Song) was published in 1918 by Brévié. The rebellion was led by two local chiefs after the French imposed direct rule on them. They retreated to a fort after their defeat. Many men were lost before the French forced their way in.One chief killed himself and his followers while the other escaped to fight again. The local people saw the affairs as a tragedy while the French saw it as a victory. Brévié was in charge of the economy after World War I. He joined the office in 1920. He served in four countries in the 20th century. He was the lieutenant governor from 1922 to 1929. In his 1923 book L'Islamisme contre 'Naturisme', he explained that he followed Maurice Delafosse in his hostility to Islam as a disruptive force and in support of traditional authority.Brévié was governor-general of French West Africa from October 1930 to September 1936. He was the governor of AOF. A successful native policy requires detailed understanding of the local people. He saw the value of indigenous religious practices. The collectivist character of African civilizations should be preserved by French colonial policy. Brévié said that the phase of exploration and conquest was over and that a new phase would focus on economic and human development. He told the colonial governors that it is not in offices that we exercise our control over the indigenous people.... We need to know how to bring untiring kindness, concern at all times, and well-informed indulgence if we want to be strong and just. In 1935 Brévié sent a circular to the West African administrators asking them to collect oral material and verbal art in order to better understand the people of the colonies. colonization is becoming a question of method, of calculation, or predictions and, we should say, of science, it remains without a doubt and first of all a political and psychological art, but one that must be guided and clarified by exact scientific data. Brévié wanted a methodical research program into colonial history and African culture. colonization needs scholars, impartial and disinterested researchers with broad vision, outside of the fire of action. The French Institute of Black Africa was established in the year 1938.At the start of the Great Depression, Brévié took office. He obtained large loans from the French government to support African producers. Despite increased yields, the value of export crops was dropping and Africans were returning to food crops. Reducing rail tariffs, subsidizing the movement of laborers, creating foods banks and programs to increase agricultural productivity are some of the measures Brévié responded to. The results did not justify the costs. Public works, health and education were promoted in the belief that the colonial subjects must see that the whole enterprise works to make them happy. He was worried that the people would lose confidence in French rule and be vulnerable to communist propaganda because of the drop in living standards.People of mixed blood's status was an issue. In 1934 Brévié wrote to the governor-general of French Indochina asking for information on what had been done to assist and educate children of mixed blood. Brévié issued a circular about the status of African Christians in 1935. He said that the native people should be given the freedom to convert to Christianity. A minor couldn't bebaptized without the consent of the family. African Christians must not be marginalized. The legal status of the convert was awkward.They could not be judged under traditional local law since they were not citizens. A compromise law would reconcile Catholic principles with local customs. Brévié was appointed governor-general of French Indochina in 1936 by the Popular Front government. He was the new governor general. While Brévié was being received in a ceremony at the landing stage in Saigon in January 1937 the colonial police were engaged in a violent clash with several thousand communist workers. There was a ban on processions and banners when Brévié arrived. Brévié tried to diffuse an extremely tense political situation by making concessions such as granting amnesties to political prisoners, giving greater freedom to the press and removing restrictions on nationalist political parties.Brévié made concessions to the trade unions. The rice harvest in Cambodia and Cochinchina was ruined by floods in August of 1937. Brévié called the $50,000 contribution from China a gesture of great humanity. Brévié's administration took measures to provide rice for replanting and build up seed stocks. The purpose was to prevent anti-colonial discontent. The emperor Bo i attended the inauguration of the Do Luong barrage in 1937. He noted that the area had been a "theater of serious and long-term troubles" in 1930.The capacity to irrigate in the Red River Delta was announced in 1938. Modern technology would be used to create food security and maintain political control. Brévié treated them sympathetically. The head of the military, the heads of the departments of schools, law, health, welfare and economics, and the president of the Société d'assistance aux enfants Franco-indochinois were present at the meeting. The framework that charities had established was expanded to provide administrative support. Efforts would be made to find children of mixed blood, who would be accommodated by the charities, or given to nuns to raise until they were 5 years old, particularly to the Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres. The Jules Brévié Federation was founded in 1939.The métis issues were directed by the Federation. The charities provided education and placement of children of mixed Franco-Indochinese blood. All of Vietnam had boarding schools at the Da Lat hill station. It was thought to be a center of government that would be separate between Europeans and Vietnam. The Vietnamese elite in the town made it difficult to practice segregation. When Brévié visited Da Lat, he told a racially mixed group of students that the navy commanded by Victor Petit had occupied the Paracel Islands. The navy refused to occupy the islands because they provided protection to the peninsula.Brévié had to purchase some merchant vessels. The border between the waters of Cambodia and Cochin China was defined in 1939 by Brévié's administration. Post-colonial disputes between Vietnam and Cambodia were the subject of this. After the Popular Front left office in France, the reform program came to a halt. Brévié was succeeded by Catroux in August 1939. The books written by Brévié were Rves d'un campagnard annamite and Sourvenirs d'un enfant de campagne. The Prix Verrire was given 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780The Prix Lange was awarded to him in 1952. Brévié was retired by decree on 13 March 1940. He was a member of the constitutional committee of the National Council and chaired the group of colonial professionals. He was elected a member of the academy in 1941. He was appointed Minister of Overseas France and the Colonies by the Vichy government. He was in office from 18 April 1942 to 26 March 1943. The Colonial Scientific Research Office was set up by the minister to further develop his idea of scientific colonization.The French West Indies should have a Conseil Local and Martinique and Guadeloupe should be made standard departments of France according to a proposal by the former minister. The first proposal was accepted but the second was rejected. Brévi was stripped of his title of governor-general of colonies. He was deprived of his pension and the right to wear a foreign decoration. <mask>révié died on July 28, 1964 in the village of Pierrefitte, Cantal. There is a street named after him in the administrative quarter of Niamey. Governors of French West Africa, as well as ambassadors of France to Hungary, died in 1964.

masks:
Jules Bré
Jules B
Jules B


texts: An Indian Army soldier who died in the line of duty posthumously received India's highest military award. <mask> served in the 1st battalion of the Sikh Regiment in the British Indian Army. He commanded a platoon at the Bum La Pass during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. He led his troops against the Chinese and defended his post until he was wounded and captured. <mask> died while in Chinese custody. He killed more than 50 Chinese soldiers and became part of the history of the Indian Army. The firstborn of the <mask> family was born on September 26, 1921 in Mahla Kalan, Moga district, Punjab, British India.He was raised in the same village. His father's family moved from the village Munak Kalan in Hoshiarpur district to the village of Mahla Kalan in Moga district. His mother was a woman. The groom was from a Saini family and the bride was from a village called Kothay Rara Singh. He attended both primary and middle school in Daroli village. He thought joining the army would give him an identity and purpose. <mask> joined the British Indian Army and was posted to the 1st battalion of the Sikh Regiment on September 28, 1936.He passed the Army Education Examination after he joined the army. He became the Unit Education Instructor. He served in the Second World War on the Burma front and in Srinagar during the Indo-Pakistani War. There had been disagreements between India and China over their borders. The INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals The proposal put forward by the Indian Army was rejected. The plan he approved was called the "Forward Policy".The establishment of small posts facing the Chinese positions was called for. Nehru implemented the "Forward Policy" against the advice of the army due to the rise in public criticism against Chinese intrusions. The Chinese had a geographical advantage that the army was concerned about. If the superior Chinese forces attacked, it would be difficult to maintain many small posts. Nehru thought the Chinese wouldn't attack. The Sino-India War began when the Chinese attacked. On September 9, 1962, Defence Minister of India Krishna Menon made a decision to evict the Chinese troops.Nehru was in London for the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference. The 7th Infantry brigade, which included 1 Sikh, was ordered to move to a place that was considered to be an advantage for the Chinese. The Indian media criticized the move, arguing that India has a military offensive capability. The Chinese attacked the Indian post. The Indian troops took heavy casualties due to weak communication lines. The Chinese advanced to Tawang after the attack. The Indian post at the Bum La Pass was held by a platoon of 20 men from 1 Sikh.<mask> was the subedar of the post. The Chinese attacked the post in waves. The platoon was reduced to half its original strength after the initial two attacks were repelled. <mask> was wounded, but refused to leave. The survivors were left with their bayonets as the bullets ran out. The Sikh soldiers charged towards the Chinese, shouting a war cry. The Chinese lines were scattered at this sight.The Chinese were able to repel the last charge by <mask> and his soldiers due to heavy numbers and superior weapons. <mask> killed 56 Chinese soldiers with his bayonet before he was captured by the Chinese. He died of his injuries in Chinese captivity. <mask> kept his men's spirits up despite being outnumbered. On October 23, 1962, he was awarded a medal for his actions. On 17 May 1963, the Chinese sent his ashes to the battalion. The urn was handed over to his wife after it was brought to the Sikh Regimental Centre.The Shipping Corporation of India (SCI), a Government of India enterprise under the auspices of the Ministry of Shipping, named fifteen of its crude oil tanker in honor of the recipients. The tanker was delivered to SCI in 1984 and served for 25 years before being phased out. There is a memorial statue near the Office of District Collector in Moga and a monument built by the Indian Army at IB Ridge. Subedar <mask> <mask> is the subject of a movie in popular culture. Gippy Grewal played the lead role. There were 1921 births and 1962 deaths of Sikh warriors and Indian military personnel killed in action.

masks: Singh Singh Singh Singh Singh Singh Singh Singh Singh Joginder Singh


texts: <mask> was a Cuban-born abstract expressionist painter and sculptor. <mask> was a friend of the 20th-century painters Robert Motherwell, Walasse Ting, and Antoni Tapies. She was connected to many established figures in the art world and exhibited internationally. She links abstract expressionism in Cuba, the United States, and Europe with her art. On September 8, 1915, <mask> was born in Havana, Cuba. Her parents were from Asturias, Spain and her father died when she was a child. World War I made trans-Atlantic travel impossible because they owned tobacco plantations in Cuba and traveled back and forth to Spain.They settled in Cuba. <mask> began positioning herself to become a part of the art world when she was a child. In Havana in the 1930s, she studied with a professor named Armando Maribona who was also <mask>'s relative. <mask>'s artistic vocation was nurtured by Maribona. In 1941, Arias and her mother traveled to New York for medical treatment. They returned to Cuba by ship. She met a Sears, Roebuck & Company executive.Bird had a daughter, Barbara, who was six years old. They married in Havana and then moved to New Jersey. Their daughter was born in Washington D.C. on August 9, 1942. The Office of Strategic Services is where Bird was called to serve in the US Army after Carole was born. He served in the China-Burma-India Theater after a brief time in Washington DC. When no men were left at home during the war, the Army moved <mask> and her family to Florida. They all moved to New York City after the war ended.<mask> was asked by Bird to move the family to Thailand. She decided to stay in New York. Their marriage ended in 1949. <mask> Arias studied fashion design and art in New York City in the late 1940s. She married a New York lawyer. Their marriage ended in divorce. The Art Students League of New York was a formative school for the likes of Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner, Clement Greenberg, Robert Rauschenberg, Roy Lichtenstein, Helen Frankenthaler and Cuban.Hans Hofmann taught at the Art Students League of New York from 1957 to 1959 and was one of the major proponents of abstract expressionism. She formed relationships with internationally known figures in the art community in Massachusetts, such as Mark Rothko and Robert Motherwell. She befriended the founder of the group. Warhol, Lichtenstein, Wesselmann, and Asger are some of the artists who collaborated with <mask> on several works. In 1959 she resigned from the National Association of Women Artists of the Argent Gallery in New York because she wanted to receive the same recognition as male artists. <mask> lived in Europe from 1961 to 1976 and settled in Ibiza and Barcelona. She had exhibitions in a number of countries.She met Joan Mir and Josep Llorens i Artigas while living in Europe. Antoni Tapies introduced her to the painters of El Paso Group. <mask> turned down their offer to join their group. She preferred being her own boss. <mask> married a Belgian artist. When they got married, they decided to use the same name. <mask> became friends with artists Joan Brossa, Herminio Molero, and Ignacio Gomez de Liao, and collaborated with them on projects and performances.The Galera Céspedes of Cordoba and the Cult- Art Gallery of Madrid hosted <mask>'s solo exhibitions in 1970. Artists like Manolo Valdes, Luis Eduardo Aute, and Juan Antonio Guirado were exhibited in these galleries. She and her husband had an exhibition together in 1974. They collaborated with other people like Paul De Vree and Emile Kesteman. In 1975, she participated in Phantomas, an exhibition of art and poetry at Musee d'Ixelles. When they returned to the United States in 1976, they moved to a rural part of New Jersey. <mask> Arias-Misson withdrew from the art world while she continued to paint.She exhibited pieces in New York, Dallas, and Paris. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Nela moved to New York City in 1995 and then to Miami in 2002. Nela Arias-Misson died in Miami on July 17, 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Her remains are located at El Cementerio de la Iglesia de San Esteban de Covera. There are links to External links at http://www.nelaariasmisson.com.

masks:
Nela Arias Misson
Nela Arias Misson
Nela Arias
Nela
Nela
Nela
Nela
Nela
Nela
Nela
Nela
Nela
Nela
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Nela
Nela


texts: "<mask>" <mask>, also known as "the Wild Bull of the Pampas", was an English rugby league footballer and coach. He was part of the Great Britain squad that won the 1960 World Cup. He was a fearsome tackler and a strong runner of the ball. He was a brilliant passer of the ball, often doing so with one of his large hands. <mask> was born in England. He was born to a Scottish father and an Irish mother. Three of his brothers went on to play rugby league.He started playing for West Bank ARLFC at the age of 15. He made his debut against Warrington in April 1952, and his first try was against the now-discontinuedLiverpool City in the same year. His presence was a telling feature of his play. He was dubbed "the Wild Bull of the Pampas" by the Australian press for his ferocious attitude on the pitch, in reference to the Argentine boxer Luis ngel Firpo, who had knocked Jack Dempsey out of the ring back in 1923. It took until the 1955–56 season for <mask> to establish himself as a regular, although a significant part of the games he played were in the second row. Many were quick to focus on <mask>' mean defensive play, but his value to St. Helens was also evident in attack where he combined rugby nous with delicate handling skills to distribute effectively. During the 1955–56 season, <mask> played in the Challenge Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, London, in front of a crowd of 78,341.The season was a turning point for <mask>. He racked up 18 tries, no mean feat for a forward, and was a member of the St. Helens side which hammered the Australian touring side by 44–2. The 1959 'Vollenhoven' Championship Final win by St. Helens was acknowledged by <mask>. <mask> was seen as the natural successor to the captaincy of St. Helens when Alan Prescott retired from the game. <mask> was the captain of St. Helens in their 12–6 victory over Wigan in the 1961 Challenge Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, London, on Saturday, 13 May 1961, in front of a crowd of 94,662. He lifted a trophy for the club for the first time in 1960–61 at Central Park, Wigan. The same competition took place in the following four years (1961–62, 1962–63, 1964–65 and 1963–64).<mask> played in two games during the 1952–54 season, one against Wigan in the Lancashire County Cup Final and the other against Oldham in the County Cup Final. <mask> did not play in the 5–22 defeat by Leigh in the 1952 Lancashire County Cup Final or the 5–4 defeat by Warrington in the 1959 County Cup Final. St Helens embarked on a rebuilding period as they searched for a new generation of players. <mask> was sold to his hometown club in 1962. His last match was against the Rhinos. <mask> played in over 250 matches for St Helens. He scored 126 points with 42 tries.<mask> would always be remembered by fans and players. Alex Murphy acknowledged the support and protection <mask> gave him. Murphy said, "He was my loose forward and he was unbelievable to have on your side." If <mask> said it was Christmas, you took his word for it. <mask> was determined to excel in this role. He said that some players come back to spend their last seasons at their hometown club like horses being put to grass. I came back to give 100% effort.He helped his hometown team finish third in the Championship in his first season at the club. He led his team to Wembley, where they won the Challenge Cup, their first trophy success in eighteen years. He retired in 1966. In front of a crowd of 84,488, <mask> was the captain of Widnes in their 13-5 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers in the 1964 Challenge Cup Final. The <mask> "hardman" status was well and truly established during the "Battle of Brisbane" in 1959 when Alan Prescott led the Lions to victory with a broken arm. <mask> was in trouble with an injury to his back as well as a broken arm. The team went out with <mask> at the far side of the dressing room still on the bench.We are out. "Sorry, Thomas, can't - it's me back". I got in behind him and helped him stand up. Slowly across the room to the sunlit opening leading to the pitch, he teetered with a push onto the arena, gaining movement with every stride. Without him on the field, the position was the same as the captain. I will never know how he stood up in the first ten minutes. I permit myself to be emotional as I write this.No crickets! There is no basking in the future sunshine of being Team Manager. One Australian was moved to write that <mask> was a dedicated wrecker of Australian forwards. The nickname stuck and <mask> was firmly embedded in the sporting public's conscience as what a rugby league forward should represent. <mask> was a member of Great Britain 10 times. He won five caps for the county. <mask> returned to coaching six years after he retired from playing.<mask> wanted the club to have fitness, determination and winning. He had a vision to turn the club into a force. In the county cup final, Salford were beaten and in the challenge cup, they were defeated. It was the first time in their history that they had won two trophies in the same season. <mask> stepped down from his role as a coach. He was replaced by Frank Myler in 1975. He came back to the club in March 1983 as a co-coach.<mask> continued to be team manager after Dawson quit as coach. The 1984 Challenge Cup Final was held at Wembley Stadium, London, on May 5, 1984 and <mask> was the coach. In 1992 <mask> was one of the original 13 players to be in the Widnes Hall of Fame. He was the first forward to be in the British Rugby League Hall of Fame. <mask> forged a successful scrap metal business after retiring from rugby league. He died in the Isle of Man at the age of 76. Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk is currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain and England.Wigan Warriors and Widnes Vikings have players.

masks:
Vince
Peter Patrick Karalius
Vince Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Vince Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Vince Karalius
Vince Karalius
Vince Karalius
Vince Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Vince Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Vince Karalius
Karalius
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Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Karalius
Vince Karalius
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Karalius


texts: <mask> is an Australian ceramic artist and art teacher. She is considered to be the foremost interpreter of the Australian landscape in ceramics. Her works are known for their intensity of colour and linear markings that interpret the artist's relationship with the Australian landscape. She was named one of Western Australia's State Living Treasures in 2015. She is the highest earning ceramicist in Australia. In 1943, <mask> was born into a wealthy family and grew up in Perth. John Hastings "Bunny" Carew-Reid was a successful businessman and real estate developer.She had art lessons when she was a teenager. At school, she excelled at art, but struggled with other subjects due to an undetected vision problem that, although eventually discovered and corrected at age 12, set her on a rebellion course during her formative years. She did not pass her Junior Certificate at Methodist Ladies' College. She was kicked out of a business college and a technical college after failing all subjects. She traveled throughout Europe and worked odd jobs in England for a year after working at her father's company as a typist. After returning to Australia in the early 1960s, she married <mask> and had a child with him. Mexican paper flowers were sold as "Pip's Flowers".She started a business selling herbs in the 1970s. Drysdale discovered clay through a relationship with a potter. She studied Ceramics at the Western Australia School of Art and Design and traveled to America in 1982 to study with Daniel Rhodes and Toshiko Takaezu. She was told to ignore traditions and create her own techniques to suit her own environment by Rhodes and Takaezu. <mask> obtained a Bachelor of Arts (Fine Art) in 1986 after returning to Australia. She studied at the Artists Union of Russia, Tomsk State University and the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity after graduating. <mask> is a painter who paints ceramics.She draws inspiration from Australia. The Pilbara, the Eastern Goldfields-Esperance area, the Kimberley and Tanami Desert, as well as landscapes in Pakistan, India, Russia and Italy inspire her. She puts her emotional interpretations into her work because she is stimulated by the landscape. <mask> taught ceramic art in Australia, Canada, UK, Italy and Russia. In 2007, she received a Master of Craft from Craft Australia, New South Wales, and in 2015, the Government of Western Australia gave her the Living Treasure Award. <mask> went from throwing bowls to making slab plates that she used as canvases for expressionistic drawing with coloured slips, glazes, and resists. She says that de Kooning was an early influence.Her early work was notable for avoiding the "brown sauce" that often douses craft pottery in favour of "complex colours and nervous decoration". <mask>'s style of decoration remained the same as she moved from slab plates to thrown vessels. She likes forms that don't intrude on the canvas-like aspects of the vessel. She produced the Totem and Carnivale series after learning about majolica decoration and lustres during residencies in Europe, the USA and Russia. <mask> was supported by a number of Australia Council grants and was able to study lustres in depth and produce the Over The Top series. The series Landscape Lustre was inspired by Western Australia. <mask> was able to concentrate on surface art while Warrick Palmateer threw the vessels.In the Pakistan series, multiple, liberal layers of glaze were followed each time by dousing in wax and filling. <mask> moved from the toxicity of waxes and lustres to the safer Liquitex medium, which allowed her to further refine her work. The 1998 airplane flight <mask> took over northern Australia stands out to her. She was deeply impressed by the endless lines of parallel sand dunes stretching to the horizon and the interplay of shadow and light when she flew over Australia's Great Sandy Desert and the Tanami Desert. Her ceramics are grounded in the tonal and linear patterns of the land, so that they can be seen in Australian deserts. She was influenced by both indigenous painting and painter Fred Williams. In the serried, stacked segments of landscape that recede to the horizon line and the parallel, slanting or vertical lines within these landscape segments, McKenzie's influence can be seen.<mask> arrived at her signature style of intense colour and fine linework in the first Tanami series called Red Desert, which was a great success. Her technique includes the selection of a suitable vessel, adding layers of glaze, and the careful linear incisions with a knife through a masking resist to inscribe the tracery that defines and shapes each work. <mask> can only work on one small section at a time because the masking medium dries quickly. The lines are brushed out and filled with thickly applied color, and the excess color is removed. A feature of <mask>'s later work are the asymmetrical pieces, suites of closed forms that echo geological features of Australia, such as the Devils Marbles series. <mask>'s studio has been her home for the last 30 years, it was bought for her by her father. Warrick Palmateer is a friend of hers.She uses a studio team of helpers to do a lot of her work. It 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Many private collections contain Drysdale's works. She is represented by a gallery in Australia. The Duke of Devonshire, Peregrine Cavendish, has a large collection of Drysdale's works. Her work can be found in the collections of the National Gallery of Australia, Art Gallery of Western Australia, the National Museum of Scotland, and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory. The Australia Council for the Arts gave a major grant to the Western Australia State Living Treasures in 2015.

masks:
Drysdale
Drysdale
Christopher Drysdale
Drysdale
Career Drysdale
Drysdale
Drysdale
Drysdale
Drysdale
Drysdale
Drysdale
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texts: <mask> is an American criminal and immigration lawyer. He was a member of the Minnesota State Senate from 1996 to 2010 and a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1996 to 2010. In the northern Minneapolis and St Paul metropolitan area, Chaudhary represented portions of Anoka and Ramsey counties. At the time of his departure from politics, the Senate District was known as Senate District 50. From 1997 to 2000 he was in the Minnesota House as District 52A and from 2001 to 2002 he was in the Senate as Senate District 52. The first Asian American legislator in Minnesota history was a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. He was the first South Asian senator in American history, as well as the highest ranking political official of South Asian descent, and one of the youngest senators in that state's history.On August 10, 2010, <mask> was defeated in the primary election for the Minnesota State Senate seat. He returned to his full time career as a private practice attorney in the Twin Cities. Three years after his parents came from India, <mask> was born in Minneapolis. His father is a retired inspector with the United States Department of Agriculture. A research assistant at the University of Minnesota, Raj Mohini <mask>'s mother owned an import firm, and established a family foundation for the South Asian community. In 1977 <mask>'s parents moved to Fridley, Minnesota, where he spent the rest of his youth. He stated that his government teacher, Jack Gause, first involved him in state politics when he was in high school.After graduating from high school in 1987, Chaudhary went to college to get his degree. As an undergrad, he was in the student senate, multi-cultural student association, political awareness committee, and lobbyist for the state student coalition. During the summer and fall of 1989, Chaudhary worked as a Special Assistant to Humphrey. He attended Manchester College, Oxford University in England, where he studied British and American foreign policy, and was a member of the Oxford Union debating society, the Oxford Law Society, and the Oxford Indian Students Association. He traveled to India, South Africa, and Namibia before returning to the United States. He saw the first celebration of Namibia's independence day and met both Nelson Mandela and Bishop Desmond Tutu. These experiences were an opportunity to witness international struggle.Back in Minnesota, he received his B.A. There is a degree in Political Science. As a foreign policy staff member for Senator Edward Kennedy, Chaudhary worked in the area of foreign policy. He took a year off from academics in 1992 to work on the Tom Harkin presidential campaign and the 6th Congressional District race. After he left Washington, D.C., he continued his studies at the University of Minnesota Law School. Chaudhary was a clerk for Judge John Stanoch when he was a law student. During Skip Humphrey's time as Attorney General of Minnesota, Chaudhary acted as Special Assistant to him.He was an author for the Journal of Global Trade and received the Governor's Certificate of Commendation for his work with the Legal Aid Society in Minneapolis. In 1995 he graduated from law school. In July 1995, just two weeks out of law school, Chaudhary ran for the Minnesota House of Representatives in the District 52A legislative seat in a Minneapolis suburb that included parts of Fridley and New Brighton. In a 1996 re-enactment, Chaudhary defeated Carlson. At the time he was elected, he was the first Asian-American member of the Minnesota Legislature, and the fourth Indian-American elected to a state legislature in the U.S. There were only three minority representatives in the House when he joined. There are five minorities in the entire Minnesota legislature.He made contributions to legislation on healthcare access, education and economic development priorities. During this time, he was a member of a number of organizations, including the Fridley Human Resources Commission. In his first legislative months with Minnesota's Asian community and on public safety issues, Chaudhary worked closely with them. Records for Chaudhary's freshman House term list 103 House documents that were found in Legislative Session 80. The Education Committee, Judiciary Committee and Judiciary sub-committees, the Local Government and Metropolitan Affairs Committee, and the Local Government and Metropolitan Affairs Committee were some of the committees that Chaudhary served on as a freshman legislator in the Minnesota House of Representatives. In 1998 he was re-elected to the House. He continued to work on financial reform of the Minnesota State Lottery during his second term in office.He joined the Police Officers Alliance of Minnesota. There were 97 House documents found in Legislative Session 81. The Education Policy Committee, Family and Early Childhood Education Finance Committee, and Jobs and Economic Development Policy Committee were some of the committees that Chaudhary served on. Steve Novak resigned from the Minnesota Senate to run for Congress. The local Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party chapter nominated Chaudhary and he ran against the Republican in the general election. He won the election with 57 percent of the votes. <mask> Chaudhary became the first Asian- Indian state senator in American history when he joined the Senate at the age of 31.The American Council of Young Political Leaders chose Chaudhary to be a delegate in 2001 and traveled to Argentina and Uruguay. The Dalai Lama was escorted by him during his visit to Minnesota. The first Minnesota senate term was two years because of the 2000 Census. He ran against Steve Minar in 2002 for a four-year term. He won the election with over 50 percent of the vote. During his next term, he served on new Senate committees focused on the environment and became the Senate Majority Whip. The Chief Author of the 2005 Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources reform bill was the Vice Chair of the Fish and Game Subcommittee.In January 2006 Chaudhary worked with labor unions to ask the governor to help save jobs at Northwest Airlines. The bankrupt carrier proposed outsourcing about a quarter of the jobs left at the airline, and wrap up its drive for more than $1 billion in annual wage and other givebacks from its employees. He was appointed to serve on the Legislative and Citizen's Commission on Minnesota Resources because of his work with the environmental legislations, citizen's groups and outdoors organizations. The Saint Paul Police Department investigated a death threat against the senator. He received a picture of himself with a bullet hole through his forehead after voting against the same-sex marriage ban. The constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage was promoted in a newspaper ad. The letter was denounced as political hate speech.The group that ran the ad, Minnesota Citizens in Defense of Marriage, condemned the letter and said it did not condone threats of violence. In November of 2006 he ran again for the senate seat. He was re-elected to the Minnesota State Senate. "The race of your life is more important than this one, and it is my sincere wish that you'll get to know Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior," Rae Hart Anderson said in a concession email after his victory. In response, Chaudhary made no public comment. In October of 2007, Chaudhary was chosen as a delegate to accompany Governor Tim Pawlenty on a Minnesota/ India trade mission. The sister-state partnership agreement was signed during the senator's visit.The partnership was the first of its kind between the US and India. On November 24, 2007, the Obama administration invited Chaudhary to attend a White House dinner. Despite the connection with international and national politics, Chaudhary continued to focus the remainder of his senate term on issues such as state businesses, sportsman causes, and senate district concerns. In 2010 he lost the DFL endorsement for the senate seat. He lost in the primary to a DFL candidate. There were no individuals of Asian descent in the Minnesota legislature at the time of Senator <mask> <mask>'s departure and the retirement of Representative Cy Thao. During his time at the Minnesota legislature, he received many awards for his work in the field ofConservation Efforts.In his first year in the Senate, Chaudhary attained multiple years of perfect legislative voting scores from the Minnesota Voter Center, and in 2005 he was named the Minnesota Federation Legislator of the Year. The senator was aConservation partner in Minnesota. Senator and his wife were nominated for an award for their efforts to deal with wetlands damage near their Fridley, Minnesota home. Political Adversities were in the Minnesota House and Senate. At a celebratory event after his election to the Minnesota legislature, a DFL House member told him to get a nickname. The Nehru jacket Senator Chaudhary wore on the Senate floor was reflective of his South Asian heritage. The act drew ire from members of the Minnesota State Senate, and one called for his removal from the chamber for not wearing a tie.The Nehru jacket is considered a formal dress in the South Asian culture. Women in the Minnesota Senate did not wear ties. The Saint Louis County Commissioner requested that a fish and game bill provision be placed on Fish Lake. The committee crafting the bill's final language was told that his family owns a cabin on leased land. The Senator asked the Representative to insert the language into the House bill. Senate Republicans questioned the appropriateness of the changes to the bill. An independent Senate Ethics Panel review and advisory opinion was requested by Senator Chaudhary.On June 2, 2010 the bipartisan Minnesota Senate Subcommittee on Ethical Conduct voted unanimously that Chaudhary had no conflict of interest in introducing the legislation and that he should have taken more time to hear the proposal. The Senate District 50 DFL Party leadership held a meeting in June 2010 to discuss revocation of <mask>'s DFL senate endorsement due to Chaudhary's formal endorsement of Mark Dayton over the DFL-endorsed candidate Margaret Anderson. On June 1, 2010, former State Representative Barbara Goodwin filed as a DFL senate candidate. On June 28, 2010, the Senate District 50 DFL Central Committee voted to withdraw their endorsement of Chaudhary due to the endorsement of Dayton. The Senate District Committee's decision was appealed. The News Tribune reported on July 8, 2010 that Chaudhary and his wife had past-due personal income taxes. The debt was incurred due to an exercise of stock options with his wife's employer, the couple had an existing IRS payment plan and was never delinquent in paying, and the amount owed had just been determined in late 2009.All taxes were paid in full. The Minnesota DFL Party's special panel upheld the revocation of <mask>'s endorsement. As an unendorsed DFL candidate, Chaudhary proceeded to the Minnesota primary election. On August 10, 2010, Chaudhary was defeated by a democrat in the primary, and a democrat was elected to the seat in November. Mark Dayton became the Minnesota Governor that same year. After his primary defeat, he announced that he would return to private law practice full-time. In the spring of 2002 he was featured on the cover of the Law Alumni News Magazine along with Senator Mee Moua.The University of Minnesota Law School named him Alumni of the Year in 2004. He is called upon for commentary on U.S. immigration issues and continues to teach local and national continuing legal education courses. Eight attorneys were recognized for their service to the local legal profession, the community, and the association by the Hennepin County Bar Association. According to the citation, Chaudhary was a dedicated mentor to new attorneys through involvement with community groups, bar association activities, and job shadowing. In March of 2021, he was invited to testify before a United Nations panel about human rights violations in China. References External links Senator <mask> Web Page Senator Chaudhary Campaign Web site 1969 births American Hindus American politicians of Indian descent Living people Members of the Minnesota House of Representatives Minnesota state senators Minnesota Democrats

masks:
Satveer Singh Chaudhary
Chaudhary
Chaudhary
Chaudhary
Chaudhary
Satveer
Satveer
Chaudhary
Chaudhary
Chaudhary
Chaudhary


texts: <mask> was a boy. The colony of New South Wales had a government surveyor. Land, roads and settlements in New South Wales were surveyed between 1830 and 1859 by him. He was an assistant to the Surveyor-General. He was second in command of Mitchell's second expedition. He recorded a lot of Aboriginal words in New South Wales. In October of 1829, <mask> arrived in Australia to take up his appointment as a survey draftsman.Title deed information from his time in Australia shows his full name. Career Between 1830 and early 1835, <mask> surveyed land, roads, streets, coastlines, creeks, rivers, and ridges in what is now greater Sydney, in nearby areas including Broke and Branxton in the Hunter, Brooklyn, Mangrove Creek, Broken Bay and Pittwater around the The second expedition of Thomas Mitchell attempted to follow the Darling River downstream to its confluence with the Murray. Mitchell was met at 'Boree', west of modern-day Orange, by Larmer, who was in command of the main party. After going overland, the expedition followed the Bogan River to the location of modern-day Bourke. The expedition 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Larmer led a party that searched for him for a number of days, finding his dead horse and other evidence of his likely demise.Cunningham's probable route was shown in a map sketch. Due to the risk of attack by Aborigines, the expedition stopped to the north of the Menindee Lakes, but retraced their route back to the Murray. When Charles Sturt's third expedition reached the site of Mitchell's last camp, it was confirmed that the Murray and the Darling were connected. The village site was reserved in the 18th century. He laid out the town plan of Bungendore in 1836. He looked at the route of The Wool Road. He was to live in the Braidwood area for the rest of his life and be a prominent citizen.The Royal Hotel building was built on the land that Larmer bought in Braidwood, but he was not the licensee of the hotel. In 1841, he reserved the site for a village at Currowan, although the plan of the village in 1844 was the work of his colleague and explorer, Edmund Kennedy. There are townships along the road from Braidwood to The Wool Road. Some of the towns were built in a different way than planned. His plan for the site would be a disaster after the flood of July 1854. His mistakes at Larbert had no malicious intent because he had bought three lots in the township. Government cost cutting was a result of an economic depression in the early 1840s.The government was allowed to do some private work in recognition of their sacrifice. The Commissioner for Crown Lands for the same area was appointed by the County of Murray in the 19th century. In 1847, the plan of the village of Gundaroo was gazetted and the Commissioner for Crown Lands identified people who were squatting on crown lands downstream of that village. In 1849 he designed the plan of the village of Murringo and in 1851 he surveyed a road from that new village to the Burrangong Station. After the floods of 1844 and 1852, it was obvious that much of the original town site was under water. The new town was on the higher ground of the original town. In the eyes of some, he was responsible for the original plan of the first town on the flood-prone river flats; he definitely drew up plans of town allotments in Gundagai in 1841.The problem of flooding on the river flats was to be solved by extensions to the separate settlement areas of 'South Gundagai' and 'North Gundagai'. He made provision for a village site on the Lachlan River in 1850. He surveyed the site of the Roman Catholic church. The route of a road from Braidwood to Araluen to the Moruya River was mapped out in the 19th century. The road was not finished until the late 1860s. The major road to the coast was the Kings Highway, which opened in 1858. The gold-mining village of Majors Creek was laid out by a surveyor in 1858, but his name was already on the list of those receiving government pensions by October 1856.Majors Creek was the work of his nephew. <mask>'s last field notes were from 1859, and it looks like he retired from surveying around that time. He was a Justice of the Peace at Braidwood. The town's Police Court was presided over by him until 1885. Some of his cases involved associates and relatives of the notorious Clarke brothers and other bushrangers. The surviving members of the gang, Thomas and John, were taken to the Police Court in Braidwood for trial. At the 1860 elections, he was proposed as a candidate for the Braidwood electoral district, but he did not stand for election.In New South Wales, where possible, the existing names in the local Aboriginal language should be used as the official names of localities and landforms. Mitchell wrote in his journal that the convenience of using native names is obvious, so long as any of the Aborigines can be found in the neighbourhood. New names are not used in this respect. Some settlers in the colony took an interest in local languages. They were working in places where the local people still lived on their traditional lands and spoke their own languages. The areas in which these words were used were recorded. One source for fragments of the vocabulary of lost and endangered Aboriginal languages is his work.His hand-written notes were from the early 1830s. He has a list of words from the Darkinyung, Awabakal, Wiradjuri and Eora languages. The land features and localities of Port Jackson have Aboriginal language names. In furthering the colonisation of Aboriginal lands, his work as a surveyor was essential. The dispossessing of the land's aboriginal inhabitants was legitimised by the marking of boundaries and officially assigning titles to settlers. Out of a total of 825,089 acres of land that was surveyed and taken from its traditional owners, Larmer alone had surveyed 160,443 acres in just three years. The most abundant land for Aboriginal food sources was also the best land for agricultural purposes.The loss of natural flora and fauna caused an enormous impact on the original inhabitants, who were forced onto Crown Lands, Aboriginal reserves, the lands of other Aboriginal peoples, or to the margins of the new settlements. The Georgian-influenced grid-type town plans are the work of Larmer. There are many 'Larmer' street names in New South Wales. The road to Jervis Bay that he surveyed in 1840, The Wool Road, was a failure and fell into disuse, until it was realigned and relocated to Nowra in 1856. The hotel building in Braidwood is now used as a museum. The widow of the licensee of the Royal Hotel was married to <mask>. They had seven children, including five daughters and three sons of Martha's first marriage.<mask> migrated to Australia in the 19th century. After 1865, William was a member of the Pharmacy Board of New South Wales and president of the Pharmaceutical Society. W.E. is <mask>'s nephew. There was confusion when it came to the two surveyors in New South Wales. He was responsible for laying out the town plan of Majors Creek and for surveying the route of a road linking the Braidwood district to Goulburn. At the time of his death, he was believed to be the last member of Mitchell's second expedition. His grave is located in the Braidwood cemetery.Martha died in 1899. The State Library of New South Wales has links to St George's Basin and the former Royal Hotel.

masks:
James Larmer
Larmer
James Larmer
James Larmer
James Larmer
William Larmer
Larmer


texts: <mask> was a German composer. <mask> was a violinist and opera singer. <mask> was taught how to play the piano by her mother when she was five years old. <mask> started giving piano lessons when she was eleven. <mask> was exposed to some of the greatest artists of her time. Felix and Ferdinand Hiller used their connections to publish <mask>'s music and ensure that he learned the proper theory for song-writing. Robert Schumann wrote a song about <mask>'s in the 18th century.<mask> was described as having a weak constitution when he was young. She was always trying to keep up with her schoolwork and her health at the same time. During a performance for the king and queen of Bavaria, Queen Augusta took notice of <mask>'s poor state of health and arranged for her to go to the German Alps to recover. She met Christian Kstlin, a lawyer who wrote poetry on the side, while she was there. The two fell in love and married each other. Kstlin taught at the University of Tbingen. Kstlin died of cancer in 1856.<mask> returned to song writing and piano instruction to support her family. After unsuccessful attempts at publishing music, she contacted Ferdinand Hiller and Clara Schumann for assistance. Clara organised a benefit concert featuring <mask>'s music after hearing the news. In 1867, Hiller wrote a biographical essay about <mask>. <mask> became a prominent composer after reading Hiller's essay. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 <mask> was left feeling alone and abandoned after her two daughters married in 1868 and 1870, and <mask> lived to see her three sons die for various reasons.She still taught piano and composed music during this time period. On December 2, 1880, high, Walter M., Sander, Angelle M., Krebs, Harald, and Krebs, Sharon: <mask>. <mask> died in Tbingen of a heart attack and left an important legacy in her music. Dana Mckay is a Soprano and Thérse Lindquist is a piano player. The DS 1016-2 was written by the SBPKDeutsche Schallplatten. <mask> and Johanna Kinkel are related. Heidi Kommerell is a piano player.BR 100 248 was recorded by Bayer Records. Mnchner ist der Klassik und Romantik. Christel Krmer is a Soprano. Musica Bavarica MB 902. MB 75 (1997)121 was re-issued on CD. There is an alphabetical listing of musical settings. The Oxford University Press published a book called "Lang, Josephine".Women and the Lied was written in the 18th century. The women are making music. They are Jane and Judith. The University of Illinois Press is in Chicago. "<mask>, <mask>." Women Composers: Music Through the Ages is a ed. New Haven, Connecticut: Thomson/Gale, 2003 Krebs, Harald."<mask> and the Salon in Southern Germany" is a Musical Salon Culture in the Long Nineteenth Century ed. Ed. Natasha Loges, p. 199–210, was written by Anja Bunzel. Biography and appreciation include a completed workslist by "Musik und Gender im Internet".

masks:
Josephine Lang
Theobald Lang
Josephine
Josephine
Josephine
Lang
Josephine
Lang
Josephine
Lang
Lang
Lang
Lang
Josephine
Lang
Josephine Lang
Lang
Josephine Lang
Lang
Josephine
Josephine Lang


texts: A senior German Nazi official ended the war as Ministerialdirektor at the Propagandaministerium. As part of his efforts to present a more popular and entertaining side of the Nazi regime, he was the leading German broadcaster of his time, and his voice was recognised by the majority of Germans. During the last days of Hitler, he was present in the Berlin Fhrerbunker. After Hitler's death, he went to the Soviet lines in Berlin to offer the surrender of the city to the Red Army. He was taken into custody. He was born to a postal clerk in the city of Bochum. He was a private soldier in the German Army in 1917.He did not graduate from the universities of Greifswald and Berlin. He became a journalist in 1923 for the Hugenberg Press, which promoted nationalist opinions not very different from the Nazis. He began his broadcasting career as head of the Drahtloser Dienst, the Wireless News service, in September of 1932. He joined the Nazi Party in May 1933. He was a member of the Academy for German Law. The Wireless News service was incorporated into the Propaganda Ministry. The Press Division had a head in 1938.He became head of the Radio Division in 1942. There was no involvement by the man in creating the policy. He was Germany's most prominent radio commentator during the war. He was in the Berlin Fhrerbunker during the last days of Hitler. Hitler's role as chancellor was assumed by Goebbels after he died. Goebbels completed his act as chancellor on 1 May. He ordered German General <mask> to deliver the letter that he dictated to the Soviet Army General.The Soviet forces were in Berlin. Goebbels decided that further efforts were futile after this was rejected. The generals were reminded that Hitler forbade them to surrender. After leaving the room, he tried to take matters into his own hands. He went to his office and wrote a letter to the Soviet Marshall. General Burgdorf followed him to his office. He asked if he intended to surrender Berlin.He was going to do that. Burgdorf shouted that Hitler had no authority to surrender as a civilian. A radio technician knocked the gun out of Burgdorf's hand and the bullet hit the ceiling. Burgdorf was hustled out of the office by several men. After leaving his office, he went over to the Soviet lines and offered to surrender the city. The tribunal was taken prisoner by the Red Army. He was held prisoner in a basement and then sent to Moscow for interrogation at Lubyanka Prison where, according to his own account, three gold teeth were yanked from his mouth upon arrival.He was placed on a bread and hot water diet in a "standing coffin" where it was impossible to sleep. He signed a confession. He wrote his account of Soviet prison while on trial at Nuremberg, which was published in Switzerland. He was tried before the International Military Tribunal. He was accused of conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. He played a role in furthering the conspiracy to commit atrocities and launch the war of aggression. It was not clear to the attendees why he was charged.No one in the courtroom seemed to know why he was there, unless it were a ghost for Goebbels. He "inspired and encouraged the commission of War Crimes by deliberately faking news to arouse the German People's passions which led them to the commission of atrocities", according to the IMT prosecution. The court was not prepared to hold that his broadcasts were intended to encourage the German people to commit atrocities on conquered peoples. He was one of three people acquitted at Nuremberg. The prosecutor in Nuremberg said that evidence that wasn't available to the prosecution at the time proved that he knew about the Holocaust and would have resulted in his conviction. The maximum penalty for Major Offenders is eight years' imprisonment. He was pardoned in September of 1950.Hildegard Springer was his second wife. He died of cancer. His wife passed away the same year. The three of them were administered the Eucharist by a Lutheran pastor. There is a publication account of the Nuremberg trials. There are sources further reading Alexander G. The "Managed" Press and Propaganda Machine of Nazi Germany is Hitler's secret weapon.New York: Vantage Press. Downfall, 2004 German film where he was portrayed by actor Michael Brandner Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda External links 1900 births 1953 deaths Articles containing video clips Deaths from cancer in Germany German anti-communists German Protestants German radio personalities Members of the Academy for German Law Nazi Party


texts: <mask> was an English stage and film actor. <mask> (1854 - 1930), the son of <mask>, was an engineer. <mask> was an engineer. He began his stage career in 1912. After moving to the United States in 1910, he acted in many plays on the stage, including at the Little Theatre in Philadelphia, before moving on to the screen. <mask> is one of three actors who have appeared in films that have won the Academy Award for Best Picture. He played supporting roles in 136 films between 1931 and 1954.There are five films that won Best Picture: It Happened One Night, Mutiny on the Bounty, You Can't Take It with You, and Gone with the Wind. <mask> was uncredited in four of the five films. He played the role of Morrison in Mutiny on the Bounty. <mask> had a son. He died in California. The filmography Elusive Isabel was selected by Prince D'Abruzzi 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 Big City Blues, The Night of June 13 and Hidden Gold are uncredited.Anderson The Match King was an uncredited associate of Dr. Veith Mystery of the Wax Museum. The Atty. is an Atty. The Life of Vergie Winters (1934) is an uncredited work. The Postal Inspector (1936), Inspector Gil Pottle Romeo and Juliet (1936), and Missing Girls (1936) are uncredited. The Jones Family in Big Business was filmed in the 19th century. The Big Guy (1939) - District Attorney Abe.

masks:
Clark
William Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark


texts: The ruler of the Gupta Empire of Ancient India was named Samudra Gupta. He expanded his dynasty's political power as a son of the Gupta emperor. He is credited with extensive military conquests in the Allahabad Pillar. It suggests that he conquered several kings of northern India. He advanced as far as the Pallava kingdom on the south-eastern coast of India. He conquered several frontier kingdoms. His empire spanned from the west to the east, from the Himalayan foothills to the south-west, and from the south-eastern coast to the north.The Ashvamedha sacrifice was performed to prove his sovereignty, and according to his coins, he remained unscathed. He was an accomplished poet and also played music, according to his gold coins and inscriptions. His policy was continued by his son. Period Modern scholars assign the beginning of Samudragupta's reign to 319CE to 350CE. The inscriptions of the Gupta kings are dated in the Gupta calendar era. The identity of the era's founder is a matter of debate, and scholars variously attribute its establishment to one or the other. According to the Prayag Pillar inscription, Chandragupta I appointed his son as his successor after reaching an old age.The exact period of his reign is not certain. The beginning of Samudragupta's reign is uncertain. The Gupta era's ascension can be dated to c. 319-320CE. If his father is thought to be the founder of the Gupta era, his ascension must be dated to a later date. The regnal period of this king is uncertain, but he was a contemporary of Meghavarna of Anuradhapura Kingdom. He ruled during 304-332CE, but the modified chronology adopted by modern scholars places his reign at 355-373CE. Accepting the former date would place him around 350CE.There is uncertainty about the end of Samudragupta's reign. The reign of Chandragupta II is thought to have ended in 319CE. The end of the reign can be placed before this year. Various estimates of the regnal period include A. S. Altekar, A. L. Basham, and S. R. Goyal. His father selected him as the successor because of his "devotion, righteous conduct, and valour", according to the Eran stone inscription. He was called a noble person in front of the courtiers, and was appointed to protect the earth. According to these descriptions, Chandragupta gave up the throne in his old age and appointed his son as the next king.The faces of other people of equal birth bore a "melancholy look" when Chandragupta appointed him as the next ruler. According to one interpretation, the ascension to the throne was done without a fight. The Gupta princes may have made a rival claim to the throne. If Chandragputa I had more than one son, it is likely that his background as the son of a Lchchhavi princess worked in his favor. The coins of the Gupta ruler named Kacha describe him as the "easiest of all kings". The coins are very similar to the ones issued by Samudragupta. The king adopted the regnal name Samudra after extending his territory up to the ocean, according to one theory.It's possible that Kacha was a rival king who flourished before or after Samudragupta. The Gupta inscriptions suggest that Samudra Gupta had a great military career. The Eran stone inscription states that the whole tribe of kings had been brought under his suzerainty, and that his enemies were terrified when they thought of him in their dreams. The inscription doesn't name any of the kings that were defeated, but it does say that Samudragupta subdued several of them by this time. The minister and military officer Harishena wrote the panegyric that credits him with extensive conquests. It gives a detailed account of the military conquests of Samudragupta, listing them in chronological order. According to the report, Samudragupta fought a hundred battles, obtained a hundred wounds that looked like marks of glory, and earned the title Prakrama.As an "exterminator of all kings", according to the Mathura stone inscription, Samudragupta was a person whose fame was tasted by the waters of the four oceans. Modern scholars have differing opinions on the motives behind Samudragupta's military campaigns. The inscription on the pillar suggests that the aim of the man was to become a universal ruler. The Ashvamedha performances by the Nagas may have influenced him. The southern expedition may have been motivated by controlling the trade between India and South-East Asia. Achyuta, Nagasena, and the ruler whose name is lost in the damaged portion of the inscription were early victories. The third name ends in "-ga", and is usually restored as Ganapati-naga, because Achyuta-nandin and Nagasena are once again mentioned in the later part of the inscription.These kings are the rulers of western UP. The rulers were reinstated after they asked for his forgiveness, according to the inscription. The names of the three kings are repeated in the inscription. According to one theory, the three kings were vassal rulers who rebelled against Samudragupta after his father's death. They were reinstated after they sought his forgiveness. These rulers rebelled again, and were defeated again. It is possible that the author of the inscription thought it was necessary to repeat these names because these kings belonged to that region.The scion of the Kota family is unknown. Coins bearing the legend "Kota" and featuring a symbol of Shiva and his bull have been found in Punjab. The inscription states that the Gupta army captured the Kota ruler, while Samudragupta himself "played" in a city called Pushpa, although it came to be used for Kan. According to one theory, the word "played" is used to describe the achievements of a prince. An alternative interpretation is that the army was dispatched by Samudragupta while he was in the capital. The king's direct involvement at the battlefront may not have been required by the poet if the campaigns were minor affairs. The exact identification of several of these kings is debated among modern scholars, but it is clear that these kings ruled areas located on the eastern.The eastern coast of India and the Bay of Bengal were most likely passed through the forest tract of central India. According to the inscription, these kings were later released and given favour. Modern scholars believe that these rulers were brought back to life by Samudragupta. M. G. S. Narayanan theorizes that the kingdoms were given protection and aid in order to secure their alliances. J. Dubreuil and B. V. Krishnarao theorize that the southern kings formed a confederacy to oppose him and he retreated to the Krishna river. The scholars say that the claim that the kings were released is an attempt to cover up the emperor's failure. There is no evidence that the southern kings formed a confederacy.The ancient Indian political ideals are inline with the idea of setting free a captured king. The three types of conquerors are the righteous conqueror, who restores the defeated king in exchange for his acknowledgment of the conqueror's suzerainty, and the covetous conqueror, who takes. The political ideals that existed in the Gupta period include Kalidasa's statement that the righteous victorious monarch only took away the royal glory of the lord of Mahendra who had been captured and released, but not his kingdom. It is likely that Samudragupta restored the defeated kings as his vassals, and acted like a righteous conqueror. The name Mahendra of Kosala Kosala refers to parts of the present day. There is a theory that says Mahendra of Kosala has a Nala king named Mahendraditya. Mahakantara is identified as the Bastar-Kanker area by K. P. Jayaswal.According to another theory, Mahakantara is the same as Mahavana, a synonym used as the name for the forest region. Historians have identified Mahakantara as a region in central India, and the Vakataka feudatory of Vyaghra-raja, whose inscriptions have been found at Nachna. This identification is no longer correct as it is not known if Samudragupta fought against the Vakatakas. The province of Mantaraja is mentioned in the Rawan inscription of the Sharabhapuriya king Narendra. K. D. Bajpai theorizes that Mantaraja was a king who ruled in the Kosala region. According to A. M. Shastri, the ruler of Kosala has been mentioned separately in the inscription. In the Aihole inscription of the 7th century king Pulakeshin II, there is a reference to the area around the Kolleru Lake.H. C. Raychaudhuri believes that this region was a part of Hastivarman's Vengi kingdom. Kulula, a region mentioned in the Mahendragiri inscription of the 11th century king Rajendra Chola, is one of the proposed identifications ofKurala. The Mahendragiri of Pishtapura Pishtapura is modern. J. F. Fleet thought that the word giri could not have been a person's name because it referred to a king. The verse clearly states that Mahendragiri and Svamidatta are two distinct persons. Bhau Daji interpreted the verse to mean that Svamidatta was the ruler of Pishtapura and "Kottura near Mahendragiri". These translations are not correct.The concern about the king's name is not valid, as several historical records mention names ending in the word giri or its synonym adri. One of the chiefs who resisted the passage through the Kalinga region was probably Svamidatta. There is a modern Kotturu in Srikakulam district of the state of AP. Alternative proposals identify it with other similarly named places. The proposed identifications of Erandapalla include a town in Visakhapatnam district and a town in West Godavari district. The Pallava ruler of Kanchipuram is believed to be Vishnugopa, who acted as a regent for his nephew Skandavarman III. The identity of the person is unknown.The area referred to as "Avimukta-kshetra" is located on the banks of the Godavari river and may be associated with the inscription "Avamukta of Samudra Gupta". Varanasi is not located in Dakshinapatha, so the name of the region around Varanasi was not mentioned in the inscription. The Shalankayana king of Vengi was Hastivarman. The place referred to as Palakkada in several Pallava inscriptions was the headquarters of a Pallava viceroyalty. The inscription of Yuva-maharaja was issued from Palakkada. According to G. Ramdas, it was the same place as Paka-nadu, Panka-nadu, or Pakai-nadu in the inscriptions. Anantavarman's grandfather Gunavarman is referred to as the "Lord of Deva-rashtra" in the Srungavarapukota inscription.The 10th century Vengi Chalukya king Bhima I wrote about a district in Kalinga. The location of Devarashtra was identified by J. Dubreuil. The Kalinga region appears to have been divided into several small kingdoms during the time of Samudragupta. The Dhananjaya of Kusthalapura may be the same one as the one who claimed descent. The modern Kolanupaka is located on the banks of the Aleru River. There is a theory that says Kusthalapura has a tract around the Kushasthali river. The inscription does not mention the territories ruled by these kings, which suggests that their kingdoms were annexed to the Gupta.The inscription doesn't mention the names of the other kings, presumably because the poet saw them as unimportant. The coin found at Kaushambi may be the same as the king's coin. One theory says that the Western Kshatrapa king of Ujjain is either Rudradaman II or Rudrasena III. K. N. Dikshit and K. P. The Vakatakas ruled in the southern region and the king of the northern region was mentioned in the inscription. An argument was made in support of this identification that Rudrasena bore the title of "great king" as opposed to the title of "emperor". Pravarasena I assumed the title of Samrat after performing a vajapeya ritual sacrifice.The Vakataka kingdom had been prospering for a hundred years, according to an inscription by Prithvishena II. Matila's identity is not certain. Matila and Mattila are known from a terracotta seal. There is no evidence that this Mattila was a ruler, and the seal dated to the 6th century. Nagadatta Nagadatta is not known from any other inscriptions or coins, but his name has led to suggestions that he may have been the ruler of a Naga branch. D. C. Sircar thought he was a descendant of a family of Gupta viceroys. The successors of the Naga ruler were sent to Bengal as Gupta viceroys after the family accepted the Gupta suzerainty.Chandravarman is the ruler of Pushkarana in present-day West Bengal. Some scholars have identified this ruler with another Chandravarman, who was mentioned in an inscription found at Mandsaur. However, Naravarman, brother of Chandravarman of Mandsaur, is known to have been a king of Aryavarta. The Naga king is identified as Ganapatinaga. Several coins bearing the legend Ganapati have been found. The coins are similar to the ones issued by the other Naga kings such as Skanda-naga, Brihaspati-naga, and Deva-naga. Since hundreds of Ganapati's coins have been found at Mathura, it appears that he was the ruler of the Naga branch.The 7th century text refers to the Naga king Nagasena, who met with his doom as his secret plan was revealed by a sarika bird. It is assumed that Nagasena was the ruler of a Naga branch in present-day Maharashtra. Achyuta-nandin Achyuta-nandin seems to be the same as Achyuta, who was mentioned earlier in the inscription. Two distinct kings are identified as Achyuta and Nandin. Coins attributed to Achyuta, the ruler of Ahchchhatra, have been found. The coins are similar to the coins issued by the Naga rulers. There are suggestions that the Achyuta-nandin was the ruler of the Naga branch.The ruler of the Magha dynasty was identified as