texts: An American bass baritone concert artist, stage and film actor, athlete, and activist who became famous both for his cultural accomplishments and for his political stances, <mask> was born on April 9, 1898. <mask> received an academic scholarship in 1915. He was a consensus All-American in football and the class valedictorian at Rutgers. He received a law degree. While at Columbia Law School, I played in the National Football League. He became a figure in the Harlem Renaissance with his performances in The Emperor Jones and All God's Chillun Got Wings. In 1922, <mask> performed in Britain in a touring melodrama, and in 1925 he performed in Emperor Jones.He scored a big success in the London premiere of Show Boat. After living in London for several years with his wife Eslanda, <mask> continued to establish himself as a concert artist and starred in a London production of Othello, the first of three productions of the play over the course of his career. In the film production of Show Boat, he gained attention. <mask>'s political activities began with his involvement with unemployed workers and anti-imperialist students in Britain, and it continued with his support for the Republican cause during the Spanish Civil War and his involvement in the Council on African Affairs. During World War II, <mask> supported the American and Allied war efforts. His history of supporting civil rights causes brought scrutiny from the FBI. The Attorney General placed the CAA on his list after the war ended.During the McCarthy era, <mask> was investigated. Due to his decision not to recant his public advocacy, he was denied a passport by the U.S. State Department. From 1950 to 1955, he published a periodical called Freedom, which was critical of the United States policies. The United States Supreme Court decision Kent v. Dulles restored <mask>'s right to travel. Between 1925 and 1961, <mask> recorded and released over 300 songs. "Steal Away" was the first of these spirituals. Americana, popular standards, classical music, European folk songs, political songs, poetry and spoken excerpts from plays were just some of the styles <mask> recorded.The child of Reverend William Drew <mask> and Maria Louisa Bustill was born in 1898. Maria was a member of the Bustills, a prominent family of mixed ancestry. William was born into slavery. After escaping from a plantation in his teens, William became the minister of the church. William Drew Jr., Reeve, and Ben were the brothers of <mask>. There was a disagreement between William and white financial supporters of the church in 1900. William, who was black, resigned in 1901.He had to work menial jobs because of the loss of his position. When <mask> was six years old, his mother died in a house fire. William and his children moved into the attic of a store in New Jersey because they couldn't afford a house for themselves. <mask> filled in for his father at the St. Thomas A.M.E. Zion when he was called away. <mask> excelled in football, basketball, baseball and track at the high school in New Jersey where he began attending in 1912. He ignored the racial taunts that came from his athletic dominance. He was the class valedictorian after winning a statewide academic contest for a scholarship to Rutgers.The first African-American coach in the National Football League was befriended by him while he was a waiter in Rhode Island. In late 1915, <mask> became the third African-American student to enroll at Rutgers, and the only one at the time. He tried out for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team, and his resolve to make the squad was tested as his teammates engaged in excessive play, during which he broke his nose and shoulder. The coach announced that he had made the team after overcoming the provocation. <mask> joined the debating team and sang off-campus for spending money as he was required to attend all-white mixers. He joined the other teams. He was benched as a sophomore when the Southern football team refused to take the field because the Rutgers team had a Negro.He was recognized in The Crisis for his athletic, academic, and singing talents after a stellar junior year of football. <mask> took care of his father after he fell ill. At Rutgers, <mask> spoke about the incongruity of African Americans fighting in World War I but not having the same opportunities as whites. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was a first-team All-American in both his junior and senior years. He was considered the greatest end ever by Walter Camp. He was accepted into two universities.The class valedictorian was recognized by his classmates. The poem was published by The Daily Targum. He told his classmates to work for equality. Columbia Law School and marriage <mask> entered New York University School of Law in 1919. He joined the Alpha Phi Alpha to support himself as an assistant football coach. <mask> moved to Harlem after he felt uncomfortable at NYU. He was chosen to perform at the dedication of the Harlem YWCA because he is known in the black community for his singing.After dating Eslanda "Essie" Goode, <mask> gave his theatrical debut as Simon in Ridgely Torrence's Simon of Cyrene. They were married in August of 1921. <mask> was recruited by Pollard to play for the Pros while he continued his studies. In 1922, <mask> postponed school to portray Jim in a play. He joined Taboo in Britain after singing in the chorus of an Off-Broadway production. Mrs. Patrick Campbell adapted the play to highlight his singing. After the play ended, he befriended Lawrence Brown, a classically trained musician, and returned to Columbia to play football for the Milwaukee Badgers.He graduated from law school after ending his football career. Harlem Renaissance <mask> had a brief career as a lawyer, but he abandoned it because of racism. His wife supported them. She worked at New York-Presbyterian Hospital. His career took off when she continued to work there. The social functions were held at the Schomburg Center. In December 1924 he landed the lead role of Jim in Eugene O'Neill's All God's Chillun Got Wings, which ended with Jim consummating his marriage with his white wife by symbolically emasculating himself.The opening of Chillun was delayed due to controversy. The revival of The Emperor Jones with <mask> as Brutus was the result of Chillun's delay. <mask> was galvanized by the role as it was almost a 90-minute soliloquy. Reviews said he was a success. Jim in Chillun was not well received. He wrote that fate had drawn him to the "untrodden path" of drama, that the true measure of a culture is its artistic contributions, and that the only true American culture was African-American. The success of his acting placed him in elite social circles and his ascension to fame, which was forcefully aided by Essie, had occurred at a startling pace.His indifference was startling, as was his ambition for <mask>. She quit her job, became his agent, and negotiated his first movie role in a silent race film directed by Oscar Micheaux. A concert was held to support a charity for single mothers. He did spirituals on the radio. Lawrence Brown, who had become renowned while touring as a pianist, chanced upon <mask> in Harlem. The spirituals were ad-libbed by <mask> and Brown. They booked the playhouse for a concert because of this.The pair's rendition of African-American folk songs and spirituals was captivating, and Victor Records signed <mask> to a contract in September 1925. After going to London for a revival of The Emperor Jones, the <mask>s spent the rest of the fall on the French Riviera with Claude McKay and Gertrude Stein. The concert tours in America were performed by <mask> and Brown. During a break in New York, <mask> found out that he was pregnant. <mask> Jr. was born in New York in 1927. By the end of December, her health had deteriorated greatly. The mother wired <mask> and he came back to her.After a few months, he recovered completely. In 1928, <mask> played "Joe" in the London production of the American musical Show Boat. The benchmark for all future performers of the song was his rendition of "Ol' Man River". The play used the word "nigger" and some black critics didn't like it. It was very popular with white people. He was invited for a Royal Command Performance at Buckingham Palace and befriended by Members of Parliament from the House of Commons. As of 2001, Show Boat remained the Royal's most profitable venture.The <mask>s bought a home. He wrote in his diary that he was part of a higher plan and that God was watching over him. He helps me fight my battles and hopes I'll win. After an incident at the Savoy Grill in which he was refused seating, he issued a press release describing the insult which became a matter of public debate. Even though she knew <mask> had been involved in extramarital affairs, she didn't mind. She defamed him by describing him with negative racial stereotypes when she discovered that he was having another affair. There was no evidence that their relationship had soured despite her uncovering of this tryst.The couple appeared in a film. He returned to the Savoy Theatre in London's West End to reprise his role as Othello. <mask> was the first black actor to play in Britain. The production received mixed reviews, with some saying <mask>'s quality was civilized but lacking a grand style. The best way to diminish the oppression African Americans faced was for <mask>'s artistic work to be an example of what men of my colour could do. After discovering <mask> had been having an affair with Ashcroft, she decided to seek a divorce. In the 1932 revival of Show Boat, <mask> returned to Broadway as Joe.He received a master's degree from Rutgers. He was advised by his former football coach that divorcing and marrying Ashcroft would damage his reputation. Although their relationship was scarred permanently, <mask> and Essie reconciled after their relationship ended with Ashcroft and <mask>. In 1933, <mask> starred in The Emperor Jones, the first film to feature an African American in a starring role. Despite the Jim Crow atmosphere in the United States, he rejected any slight to his dignity on the film set. He criticized African Americans' rejection of their culture when he returned to England. Despite a New York Amsterdam News retort that <mask> had made a "jolly well" ass of himself, he also announced that he would reject any offers to perform central European opera.In 1934, <mask> attended the School of Oriental and African Studies, a college of the University of London. He wrote of his desire to embrace his ancestry in his essay "I Want to be African", which coincides with his sudden interest in African history and its influence on culture. He went to the Soviet Union because of his friends in the anti-imperialist movement and his association with British socialists. They traveled to the Soviet Union on an invitation from Sergei Eisenstein. <mask> said "Here I am not a Negro but a human being for the first time in my life" when he arrived in Moscow. I walk in complete human dignity. He felt that the movie Sanders of the River would show a realistic view of colonial African culture.<mask> was an international movie star, but the stereotypical portrayal of a colonial African was seen as embarrassing to his stature as an artist and damaging to his reputation. The Commissioner of Nigeria to London protested the film as offensive to his country, and <mask> became more politically conscious of his roles. In 1935, he appeared in the play Stevedore at the Embassy Theatre in London, which was reviewed favorably by Nancy Cunard in The Crisis. In 1936, he decided to send his son to school in the Soviet Union in order to protect him from racist attitudes. He played the role of Toussaint L'Ouverture in the play. James appeared in the films Song of Freedom, Show Boat, and My Song Goes Forth, King Solomon's Mines. And Big Fella in 1937.He was named the 10th most popular star in British cinema by the American Motion Picture Herald. The Spanish Civil War transformed <mask> into a political activist, as he believed it was a turning point in his life. He used his concerts to promote the Republican cause. After singing the word "darkies" instead of "niggers" and changing some of the stereotypical dialect in the lyrics to standard English, he permanently modified his rendition of "Ol' Man River". His business agent was concerned about his political involvement, but <mask> decided that contemporary events were more important than commercialism. He recorded a message that became his epitaph, where he remembered the Welsh people killed while fighting for the Republicans. He has the choice to fight for freedom or slavery.I have made a decision. I didn't have an alternative. After an invitation from J. B. S. Haldane visited the hospital of the Benicssim in Spain in 1938 to sing to the wounded soldiers. At a time when their victory was unlikely, <mask> gave the Republicans a boost by visiting the battlefront. Nehru was hosted in England to support Indian independence. <mask> decided to focus on the plights of "common people" after rethinking the direction of his career.He played an Irishman in the pro-labor play Plant in the Sun. <mask> became an advocate for African nationalism and political independence after working with the International Committee on African Affairs. <mask> lived in Britain until the start of the Second World War. The Sonderfahndungsliste G.B. included his name. If Germany had occupied Britain, it would be a target for arrest. World War II, the Broadway Othello, political activism, and McCarthyism, 1939–1945: World War II, and the Broadway Othello <mask>'s last British film was The Proud Valley, set in a Welsh coal-mining town. After the outbreak of World War II, <mask> and his family returned to the United States and he became America's "no.1 entertainer" with a radio broadcast.He spent two hours every afternoon in the lobby of the Beverly Wilshire Hotel, the only major Los Angeles hotel that was willing to accommodate him due to his race, even though it was DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch The restrictions on black guests were lifted by Los Angeles hotels. The FBI labeled the 1942 documentary Native Land communist propaganda. He decided to stop acting in films because of the degrading roles available to blacks after appearing in Tales of Manhattan. While the Hitler-Stalin pact was still in effect, <mask> counseled American blacks that they had no stake in the rivalry of European powers. He urged blacks to support the war effort after Russia was attacked, now warning that an Allied defeat would make slaves of us all. At a concert at the Polo Grounds, <mask> met two people from the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee.He tried to convince the owners of the teams to admit black players to Major League Baseball. The United Nations short-circuited his efforts to get colonial powers to stop exploitation of Africa after he toured North America with Othello. <mask> sympathized with the Chinese side in the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1940, the Chinese progressive activist taught <mask> a patriotic song. Arise! It's known as the March of the Volunteers. The song was recorded in both English and Chinese by <mask> in early 1941.There were benefit concerts for the China Aid Council and United China Relief at Washington's Uline Arena on April 24, 1941. The Washington Committee for Aid to China's booking of Constitution Hall was blocked due to <mask>'s race. Eleanor Roosevelt and the Chinese ambassador became sponsors of the indignation. However, when the organizers offered tickets on generous terms to the National Negro Congress to help fill the larger venue, both sponsors withdrew, objecting to the NNC's Communist ties. After 1949, the song became the national anthem of the People's Republic of China. <mask> continued to give royalties to his family despite the death of its Chinese writer, Tian Han, in 1968. The Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations was created after the lynching of four African Americans in Georgia.Truman declared that the time was not right to propose anti-lynching legislation. <mask> called on Americans to demand that Congress pass civil rights legislation. The American Crusade Against Lynching was founded by <mask>. The NAACP antiviolence movement was thought to be in danger from this organization. W. E. B. supported <mask>. The organization was launched on the anniversary of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation. <mask>'s belief that trade unionism was crucial to civil rights became a mainstay of his political beliefs as he became a proponent of the union activist and Communist Party USA member.<mask> was called before the Tenney Committee where he testified that he was not a member of the Communist Party USA. The Civil Rights Congress and the CAA were placed on the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations. He refused to answer the question about his affiliation with the Communist Party when he was summoned to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. During Henry A. Wallace's campaign for the President of the United States in 1948, <mask> traveled to the Deep South, at risk to his own life, to campaign for him. <mask> was forced to go overseas to work after his concert performances were canceled by the FBI. He spoke at the World Peace Council and was accused of equating America with a fascist state. He was seen as an enemy of mainstream America as a result of the speech publicly attributed to him.<mask> refused to bow to public criticism when he

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texts: advocated in favor of twelve defendants, including his long-time friend, Benjamin J. Davis Jr., charged during the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders. In June 1949, <mask> traveled to Moscow to try to find Itzik Feffer who he had met during World War II. He told the Soviet authorities that he wanted to see them. Reluctant to lose <mask> as a propagandist for the Soviet Union, the Soviets brought Feffer from prison to him. Feffer told him that he would be executed. To protect the Soviet Union's reputation, and to keep the right wing of the United States from gaining the moral high ground, <mask> denied that any persecution existed in the Soviet Union, and kept the meeting secret for the rest of his life. On June 20, 1949, <mask> spoke at the Paris Peace Congress and said that the wealth of America was built on the backs of the white workers from Europe and the Blacks.We are going to share it equally. We don't want to make war on anyone. The will to fight for peace is strong. We won't make war on anyone. We won't make war on the Soviet Union. We don't agree with people who want to build up imperialist Germany and establish fascist Greece. We wish peace with Franco's Spain.We will support peace and friendship with the Soviet Russia and the people's Republics. He was blacklisted for saying this in the mainstream press in the United States. Robinson was subpoenaed by the House Un-American Activities Committee to comment on <mask>'s Paris speech. If accurately reported, <mask>'s statements were silly. The local press decry the use of their community to support "subversives" after the announcement of a concert by <mask> in New York City. The Peekskill Riots took place when anti-Robeson protests shut down a <mask> concert on August 27, 1949. The most complete record on college football in early 1950 failed to list <mask> as ever having played on the Rutgers team and as an All-American.<mask>'s appearance on Eleanor Roosevelt's television program was canceled by NBC months later. The State Department stopped issuing <mask> a passport after denying him a passport. He wasn't allowed to express his extreme advocacy on behalf of the independence of the colonial peoples of Africa because of an isolated existence inside the United States. The State Department told <mask> that his criticism of the treatment of blacks in the United States should not be aired in foreign countries. W. E. B. and <mask> co-founded in 1950. His views and those of his circle are showcased in a monthly newspaper. The front page of most issues had a column by <mask>.The struggle for the restoration of his passport was described on the front page of the final issue of the newspaper. Negroes, and all Americans who have breathed a sigh of relief at the easing of international tensions, have a stake in the <mask> passport case. "If Enough People Write Washington I'll Get My Passport in a Hurry" was the headline of an article by <mask> on the second page. In 1951, an article titled "<mask> - the Lost Shepherd" was published in The Crisis and attributed to Robert Alan, although <mask>. suspected it was written by Amsterdam News columnist Earl Brown. The article was printed and distributed in Africa in order to damage <mask>'s reputation and reduce Communism's popularity in colonial countries. Roy Wilkins wrote an article that was consistent with the anti-Communist FBI propaganda of the era and denounced <mask> as well as the Communist Party USA. The United Nations received a Civil Rights Congress's petition titled "We Charge Genocide" in December 1951.The document claimed that the United States federal government was guilty of genocide because of its failure to act against lynching. The petition was not officially acknowledged by the UN and was either ignored or criticized for its association with Communism in America's mainstream press. The International Stalin Prize was awarded to <mask>. He accepted the award in New York because he couldn't travel to Moscow. In April 1953, after Stalin's death, Comrade <mask> penned To You My Beloved, praising Stalin as dedicated to peace and a guide to the world. <mask>'s opinions about the Soviet Union prevented him from returning to the entertainment industry and the civil rights movement. The Soviet Union was thought to be the guarantor of political balance.In May 1952, labor unions in the United States and Canada staged a concert at the International Peace Arch in defiance of the travel ban. There were two more concerts at the Peace Arch over the next two years. The Welsh politician Aneurin Bevan encouraged <mask> to record a number of radio concerts for his supporters in Wales. <mask> was called before HUAC after he refused to sign an affidavit affirming that he was not a Communist. He invoked the Fifth Amendment and refused to reveal his political affiliations. He said he wouldn't stay in the Soviet Union because his father was a slave and his people died to build the United States. <mask> stated that "whether I am or not a Communist is irrelevant."The question is whether American citizens, regardless of their political beliefs or sympathies, may enjoy their constitutional rights. <mask>'s recordings and films were removed from public distribution due to the widespread condemnation of his political views. During the height of the Cold War, it became harder to buy <mask>'s music or see his films in the US. In the United Kingdom, a single of <mask> singing "Joe Hill" was released by Topic Records, which was part of the Workers Music Association. The third favorite choice of British Labour Party politicians is "Joe Hill" sung by <mask>. After a one-time exemption to the travel ban, <mask> performed two concerts in Canada in February, one in Toronto and the other at a union convention. On May 26, 1957, <mask> sang for a London audience at St. Pancras Town Hall, where the 1,000 available concert tickets sold out within an hour.In October of that year, <mask> sang to an audience of 5,000 at the Grand Pavilion in Wales. <mask> continued to praise the Soviet Union despite Nikita Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalinism. <mask> and W.E.B. were together that year. The same sort of people who overthrew the Spanish Republican Government supported the Soviet invasion and suppression of the anti-Soviet uprising in Hungary, according to Du Bois. The US Supreme Court's 5 to 4 decision in Kent v. Dulles resulted in <mask>'s passport being restored. Here I Stand was the publication of <mask>'s "manifesto-autobiography" in the late 1960's. London was used as a base for Europe <mask>'s world tour.He performed in 28 towns and cities in the UK. In 1959 he starred in Tony Richardson's production of Othello. He received a hostile reception in Moscow in 1959 when he performed at the Luzhniki Stadium. They flew to Yalta to spend time with Nikita Khrushchev. <mask> was the first black performer to sing at St. Paul's Cathedral. <mask> was hospitalized for two months and was diagnosed with cancer while he was in Moscow. He came back to the UK to visit the National Eisteddfod of Wales.In 1960, in what was his final concert performance in Great Britain, <mask> sang to raise money for the movement for colonial freedom. In October 1960, <mask> embarked on a two-month concert tour of Australia and New Zealand with Essie, primarily to generate money, at the request of Australian politician Bill Morrow. He was the first major artist to perform at the construction site of the future Opera House. After appearing at the Festival Hall in Australia, they went to New Zealand where <mask> continued his support of Marxism-Leninism and denounced the Mori's plight. The people of the lands of socialism want peace. Faith Bandler and other activists who aroused the <mask>s' concern for the plight of the Australian Aborigines were introduced to him during the tour. The Australian government was demanded to give Aborigines citizenship and equal rights by <mask>.He attacked the view of the Aborigines as being unsophisticated and uncultured, and said that there is only a society that says they are backward. Over the next decade, <mask>'s support for Aboriginal rights had a profound effect on Australia. After his Australia and New Zealand tour, <mask> expressed a desire to return to the United States and participate in the civil rights movement, but his wife argued that he would be unsafe there and unable to make any money due to government harassment. <mask> traveled to Moscow again in March 1961. <mask> attempted suicide by cutting his wrists after locking himself in his bedroom during a wild party in his Moscow hotel room. He told his son, who had traveled to Moscow at the news, that he felt paranoid, depressed, and tried to take his own life after three days of Soviet medical care. According to <mask>., his father's health problems were caused by attempts by the CIA and MI5 to "neutralize" him.He remembered that his father was worried about his operation. He said that his father's symptoms were caused by being subjected to mind de-patterning under a secret CIA programme, and that three doctors treating <mask> in London and New York had been CIA contractors. According to Martin Duberman, <mask>'s health breakdown was probably brought on by a combination of factors including extreme emotional and physical stress, depression, exhaustion and the beginning of circulatory and heart problems. He might have been susceptible to a breakdown because of the accumulated pressures of government harassment. <mask> stayed at the Barvikha Sanatorium until September 1961, when he left for London. After a period of recovery in Moscow, he returned to London. He became suicidal and had a panic attack when he passed the Soviet Embassy.He was given large amounts of drugs for nearly two years after he was admitted to the Priory Hospital. The British MI5 monitored <mask> during his treatment at the Priory. According to an FBI memo, <mask>'s death would be used for Communist propaganda and both British and American intelligence services were aware of that. Many memos advised that <mask> should be denied a passport renewal, an obstacle that was likely to further jeopardize his recovery process. <mask> was transferred to the Buch Clinic in East Berlin in August 1963, after friends and family were disturbed by his treatment. His physicians expressed "doubt and anger" about the high level of barbiturates and ECT that had been administered in London because he was still completely without initiative. His doctor said that "what little is left of <mask>'s health must be quietly conserved."After retiring in December 1963, <mask> lived in seclusion for the rest of his life. He briefly assumed a role in the civil rights movement before falling ill on a tour. In 1965, he was almost killed by double pneumonia. invitations to civil rights movement <mask> was contacted by both Bayard Rustin and James Farmer about the possibility of becoming involved with the mainstream of the Civil Rights movement <mask> refused to meet with Rustin because of his anti-Communist stances. <mask> refused to join the mainstream because he was asked to condemn Communism and the Soviet Union. In December 1965, <mask> moved in with his son's family in New York City, after the death of his spokesman, Essie.His son responded to press inquiries that his father's health does not permit him to perform or answer questions, and he was rarely seen strolling near his Harlem apartment on Jumel Place. He lived at his sister's house in Philadelphia in 1968. Numerous celebrations were held in honor of <mask> over the next several years, including at public arenas that had previously shunned him, but he saw few visitors aside from close friends and gave few statements apart from messages to support current civil rights and international movements, feeling that his record "spoke for itself At a Carnegie Hall tribute to mark his 75th birthday in 1973, he was unable to attend, but a taped message from him was played that said, "Though I have not been active for several years, I want you to know that I am the same <mask>, dedicated as ever." On January 23, 1976, after a stroke, <mask> died in Philadelphia at the age of 77. He was laid in state in Harlem and his funeral was held at his brother Ben's former church, Mother Zion AME Zion Church. His pallbearers were Harry Belafonte and Fritz Pollard.He was buried in New York. The white American press ignored the continuing inability of white America to tolerate a black maverick who refused to bend after <mask>'s death. The barriers of racism he had to overcome made his achievements in sport and culture even more impressive. Negro spirituals were brought into the American mainstream by <mask>. He was one of the first artists to refuse to play for different groups of people. After McCarthyism, <mask>'s stand on anti-colonialism in the 1940s would never again have a voice in American politics, but the African independence movements of the late 1950s and 1960s would vindicate his anti. He received a medal from the NAACP.He was associated with several establishments that have been landmarked or named after him. The United Nations General Assembly rewarded his efforts to end Apartheid in South Africa. The Academy Award for best short documentary was won by <mask>: Tribute to an Artist. He was named to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1995. He was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the 100th year of his birth. The American Theater Hall of Fame has a member named <mask>. The longest running production of a Shakespeare play on Broadway was the one starring <mask>.The Donaldson Award was given to him for his performance. The high point of Shakespearean theatre in the 20th century was characterized by Michael A. Morrison in 2011. There are archives at the Academy of Arts, Howard University, and the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. The Welsh Assembly supported <mask>'s project to create an online learning resource in her grandfather's memory. In 1976, the apartment building on Edgecombe Avenue in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan where <mask> lived during the early 1940s was renamed the <mask> residence. The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1993. <mask> Robeson Boulevard was co-named Edgecombe Avenue.The Latvian Shipping Company named a new 40,000-ton tanker <mask> in honor of the singer. 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 The street in the Prenzlauer Berg district of East Berlin was renamed after Robeson's death. "For Peace Against Racism, Paul Robeson 1898– 1976" is the text on the East German stamp. English Heritage unveiled a plaque in 2002 on the house where Robeson lived in 1929–30. On May 18, 2002, a memorial concert celebrating the 50th anniversary of Robeson's concert across the Canadian border took place at Peace Park. In 2004, the U.S. voted.The Postal Service honored <mask> with a stamp. In 2006 a plaque was unveiled in his honor. The DVD boxed set of <mask> films was released by the Criterion Collection. The New Jersey Hall of Fame inducted <mask> in 2009. The main library at Rutgers University-Camden is named after <mask>. The <mask> Cultural Center is located on the Rutgers University campus. Penn State established a cultural center in 1972 on the University Park campus.The center was named for <mask>. A street in New Jersey is named after him. St. Thomas AME Zion Church is still standing on the block of Davenport Street in New Jersey. The <mask> High School in West Philadelphia is named after him. To celebrate the 100th anniversary of <mask>'s graduation, Rutgers University named an open-air plaza after him. There are black granite panels with details of <mask>'s life in the plaza next to the mall. Commercial Avenue was renamed to <mask> Boulevard on March 6, 2019.The tomato was given the name <mask>. The Kurdish poet Abdulla Goran wrote a poem called "A Call for <mask>eson" in 1954. In 1976, another Kurdish poet, Cegerxwn, wrote a poem about <mask>, which was put to music by ivan Perwer. The song "<mask>eson ( Born to Be Free)" is on Black 47's 1989 album Home of the Brave. The quotes come from <mask>'s testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee. In 2001, Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers released a song titled "Let Robeson Sing" as a tribute to <mask>, which reached number 19 on the UK singles chart. The one-man show <mask> was performed by James Earl Jones on Broadway.The stage drama was made into a TV movie in 1979. The one-man show, called Call Mr. Robeson: A Life with Songs, was presented at the Edinburgh Festival in 2007. The character Jesse Austin is modeled after real-life actor/activist <mask> in Tom Rob Smith's novel Agent 6. The Maple Tree Literary Supplement and Every Day Fiction published <mask>'s short fiction. Steve McQueen's video work End Credits (2012–ongoing), shown at the Whitney, the Tate Modern, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Pérez Art Museum, reproduces <mask>'s declassified FBI files. <mask> was performed in the inaugural performance of the New Brunswick Performing Arts Center. The Emperor Jones (1935), Show Boat (1936), Big Fella (1937) and King Solomon's Mines (1937) are films.<mask> <mask> died on June 10, 1919. The new idealism is described. The Targum 50 was published in 1918. Biographies of Jordan and Goodman. A watch man is <mask>. Verso books. The Tallest Tree in Our Forest is a film biography of <mask>.<mask> was interviewed in 1998 about a conversation he had in 1949 with the Jewish poet Itzik Fefer. <mask>: The Emperor <mask> was directed by Simon Callow. No Way But This: In Search of <mask> was written by Jeff Sparrow. The New York Review of Books is an anthology. LXV, no. February 8, 2018), pp. 8, 10, and

masks:
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Paul Robeson
Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul Jr
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Paul Jr
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Paul
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Paul
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Paul Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Susan Robeson
Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul
Paul Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Pauleson
Robeson
Paul Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul Rob
Paul Robeson
Paul Rob
Robeson
Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul Robeson
Robeson
Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul Leroy
Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul Robeson
Robeson
Paul Robeson


texts: Jack or <mask> was an Irish-American dancer and blackface performer. <mask> came to the attention of P. T. Barnum after entering show business at 17 years old. <mask> left to perform with other blackface performers after he and Barnum had a falling-out. There are elements of English, Irish, and African dance in <mask>'s dance style. He performed in blackface or accompanied a singer or instrumentalist for most of the time. <mask>'s movements emphasized lower-body movements with little movement above the waist. A series of challenge dances was performed by <mask>.He made good on his promise to defeat all comers in a dancing contest. <mask> came to the attention of the dancer who had replaced him with a young black man. Records show that Juba won all but one of the dance-offs. Robert Toll calls <mask> the greatest white minstrel dancer. <mask> won $500 in a New York City jig competition. The boy was hired by P. T. Barnum to tour the United States and Europe. The showman claimed that the dancer was just 12 years old and that he was the "King of Diamonds" in advertisements.<mask> performed with blackface singers and musicians. He was a part of the King of Banjo players and the Emperor of Extravaganza Singers. The second night of the engagement of the little 'Wirginny Nigger,' only 12 years old, who can outdance the nation, and come some 'Heel and Toe Breakdowns' that are a caution to all darkies, and no mistake! <mask> had a bad reputation. One source claimed that his dancing was better than his disposition. In February 1841, <mask> deserted his mentor and went on a week-long binge of alcohol and women. He warned his colleagues against hiring the dancer.<mask> had spent a hundred dollars in brothels and had overdrawn the money due him. <mask> played in groups of three or four blackface performers. In January 1843, he was in a circus with other blackface performers. The program doesn't say whether they performed simultaneously or individually. In order to increase the exposure of the group, <mask> was persuaded to perform with them. <mask> was in the United States in 1845. He was with the Olympic Circus in 1849.He performed regularly in the mid 1850s. <mask> joined the troupe. <mask> dared his rivals to best him in a contest of skill in a series of challenge dances. <mask> wrote about his challenges in popular newspapers. The trials usually had three judges, one for time, one for style and one for execution. A typical challenge reads: <mask>, who distinguishes the Ethiopian character superior to any other white person, hereby challenges any person in the world to trial of skill at Negro dancing, in all its varieties, for a wager of up to $1,000. <mask> won match after match in city after city, and his fame grew.Many people took his name and pretended to be him. <mask> was replaced by a young, unknown black man named William Henry Lane. His act was centered on imitations of "all the principal dancers in the United States", followed by his own style. The Irish-American was the only real rival to <mask>. When the two agreed to a challenge dance against one another, the war of steps reached a high point. There was a series of Diamond–Juba dance-offs. The best dancers are the ones who can cut, shuffle, and attitudanize with the greatest facility, and they are the ones who pocket the most money.Match dances seem to give a lot of satisfaction if we are allowed to judge from the crowd. We haven't had a real, scientific, out-and-out trial of skill since Dick Pelham and <mask> did it at the Chatham. A match has been made between <mask> and a little negro called "Juba," by some of the sporting community, and is to come off in a few weeks. An unparalleled display will be the result of the large stake. The Diamond–Juba dance-offs continued through the 1840s. <mask> lost all but one. <mask> had a mixture of African American, English, and Irish steps.He danced the "five mile out of town dance", the "long Island breakdown", the "negro camptown hornpipe", and the "ole Virginna breakdown". A playbill claimed that his jig had 120 steps. His hornpipe was called the "double shuffle", the "heel and toe", and the "pigeon wing". His dances were known for their energetic breakdowns. <mask> performed in blackface, but some of his dances were British or Irish in origin. The "fireman's hornpipe" and the "naval hornpipe in the character of a Yankee sailor" are examples of these. <mask>'s dances were characterized by little upper-body movement.He left his body relaxed so as to pay attention to his feet. One characteristic step was to lean forward and dangle his hands, look to the side and slide across the stage. "He could twist his feet and legs, while dancing, into more fantastic forms than I have ever seen before or since in any human being," wrote Noah M. Ludlow, a theatre manager. <mask> was proclaimed a performer of "the greatest display of heels and toes ever witnessed" and that "Now de heels, if dares any music in you, its got to come out". <mask> rapped on the floor. He said he could make music with his heels. <mask>'s act included singing, either by a partner or <mask> himself.<mask> jumped about the stage while the musician played. These acts were choreographed. "Jim-a-Long-Josey" was one of his popular blackface numbers. He performed stump speeches as well. There are notes about Dale Cockrell. Blackface Minstrels and Their World is a book about demons of disorder. Charles Day is the author of Cambridge University Press."Fun in Black" is a book about reading in the 19th century. Hill, Errol G., and James V. Hatch are authors. There is a history of African American theatre. The Cambridge University Press. The history of tap dancing. The company is called McFarland & Company. There was a report in 1999.Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Popular Culture are behind the Burnt Cork Mask. The University of Illinois Press. The Rise of Early Negro Minstrelsy was written by Dan Emmett. The University of Oklahoma Press. The Minstrel Show was in America in the 19th century. The Oxford University Press published Vaudeville, old and new.

masks:
Johnny
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Master Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
John Diamond
John Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond


texts: <mask> is an American singer, composer, actor, writer, television personality, motivational speaker, and spokesman. He was a successful pop singer in the United States. He sold more than 45 million records and had 38 Top 40 hits. Elvis Presley was the biggest chart-topper of the late 1950s, but it was <mask> who was the second-biggest chart-topper. There is a listing of the Top 100 Top 40 Artists. Until the 2010s, <mask> held the record for spending 220 weeks on the charts with one or more songs each week. He began hosting a half-hour ABC variety television show at the age of 23.Many musical performers made appearances on the show. His cover versions of rhythm and blues hits had a noticeable effect on the popularity of rock and roll. The opening act for a 1955 <mask> show was Elvis Presley. In the 1950s, he had a number-one bestselling book. He is a member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame. He is a motivational speaker, a television personality, and a conservative political commentator. On June 1, 1934, the son of Margaret Virginia and Archie Altman <mask> was born.His family moved when he was two years old. He graduated from David Lipscomb High School in Nashville in 1952. Nick Todd was a pop singer in the 1950s and is now a church music leader. He claimed in an interview that he is the great-great-great-great grandson of the American pioneer <mask>. In November 1953, when he was 19 years old, he married Chicago-born Tennesseean Shirley Lee Foley, daughter of country music great Red Foley and his wife, singer Judy Martin. There were four daughters: Cheryl "Cherry" Lynn, Linda "Lindy" Lee, Deborah "Debby" Ann, and Laura "Laury" Gene. In the late 1950s, he and his family lived in Teaneck, New Jersey.She was a lesser known recording artist and television personality than her husband. She founded a hunger-relief Christian ministry. She died at the couple's Beverly Hills home from vasculitis, which she contracted less than a year earlier. <mask> attended both David Lipscomb College and Lipscomb University. He attended the University of North Texas before graduating from the Columbia University School of General Studies. Career Music began with a performance in Nashville's Centennial Park. He recorded for Republic Records and Dot Records, not to be confused with the current label with that name.The 1955 version of Fats Domino's "Ain't That a Shame" was a hit. The early part of <mask>'s career focused on covering R&B songs by black artists for a white American market. After the original version of "Tra La La-a" by the Griffin Brothers failed, Randy Wood wanted to put out another version of the song. The Charms' "Hearts Of Stone" had been covered by the label's Fontane Sisters, but this became the B-side of the first <mask> single "Two Hearts Two Kisses". A revival of a song originally covered by Nat King Cole, "I Almost Lost My Mind", was a second cover and was a number-one single in 1956. According to an opinion poll of high-school students in 1957, the singer was nearly the "two-to-one favorite over Elvis Presley among boys and preferred almost three-to-one by girls." He cultivated a safe, wholesome, advertiser-friendly image that won him a long-term product endorsement contract from General GM during the late 1950s.He said to drive your Chevrolet through the USA, America's greatest land. The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom was sponsored by GM. Many of his hits were covered by black Rock and Roll artists. "Ain't That a Shame" by Fats Domino, "Tutti Frutti" and "Long Tall Sally" by Little Richard, and the blues song "I Almost Lost My Mind" were included. He wrote the lyrics for the instrumental theme song for the movie "This Land Is Mine". Ernest Gold had composed music. A role with sex symbol Marilyn Monroe was one of the things that <mask> declined as a conservative Christian.The director of April Love wanted him to kiss his co-star, but it wasn't in the script. Since this would be his first kiss, he wanted to talk to his wife first to make sure it was ok. He owned a film production company. He was a regular performer on Arthur Godfrey and His Friends from 1955 to 1957 and hosted his own showroom on Thursdays. The first Superman's Girlfriend, Lois Lane No. was written by DC Comics and featured the likeness of <mask>. His own series from the publisher lasted for five issues from September 1959 to May 1960. He began writing self-help books for adolescents in the early 1960s.The British Invasion ended <mask>'s career as a hitmaker, but he continued recording throughout the 1960s. He participated in the Sanremo Music Festival in Italy in 1966. During his trip to Italy, he visited the headquarters of Ferrari in Maranello, near Modena, with the intention of buying a Superamerica Sports Car, but he was dissuaded from doing so by the fact that there wouldn't have been enough room for his four daughters. Tom Smothers of the comedy duo Smothers Brothers was the one who sold the "Ferrari he didn't like" to. He continued to perform in other media after he switched to country in the 1970s. In the 60s and 70s. The Pat Boone Family and The Family Who Prays were made by the family.Lamb & Lion Records was founded in the early 1970s. <mask>, Debby, Dan Peek, DeGarmo and Key were some of the artists featured. In 1974 he was signed to a country subsidiary. The Federal Trade Commission began cracking down on false-claim product endorsements by celebrities in 1978. He and his daughter Debby appeared in a commercial to say that all four of their daughters had used a preparation called Acne-Statin to keep their skin clear. According to the FTC, the product did not really keep skin free of blemishes. In order to stop appearing in the ads, he signed a consent order in which he promised to pay 2.5% of any money that the FTC or the courts might eventually order the manufacturer to refunds to consumers.He was dismayed to learn that the product's efficacy had not been established as he believed, and that his daughters actually did use it. One of the biggest recording stars in the US was in the movie. He went with 20th Century Fox because they made Elvis Presley's first movie. Bernardine was reworked into a vehicle by Fox. The film earned $3.75 million in the US. Home in Indiana was a remake of April Love. "It's the kind of movie I wish I could have made 20 more of, a musical, appealing characters, some drama, a good storyline, a happy ending, it's the kind of film which makes you feel good."I didn't want to make a depressing or immoral film. The last movie of Edmund Goulding was a musical comedy. Journey to the Center of the Earth was a huge hit. He was glad he did because he needed to be persuaded by being offered the chance to sing several songs and give a percentage of the profits. He produced and starred in a documentary, Salute to the Teenagers, but did not make a film for a while. All Hands on Deck was a hit. State Fair was a flop at the box office.His first movie outside Fox was The Main Attraction, a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer-distributed movie that he took on a dramatic role in. It was an unhappy experience for <mask> as he disliked the implication his character had sex with Nancy Kwan's and he got into several public fights with the producers. He had a deal with Fox to make three films at $200,000 a film. The Yellow Canary was a movie that was supposed to start this. Even though the studio was unenthusiastic about the picture, they decided to make it even though they had a much shorter budget. He paid some money out of his own pocket to help complete it. The Horror of It All was a low-budget movie that was shot in England.The comedy Never Put It in Writing was shot in Ireland. In his third film for Fox, "A" production, "Goodbye Charlie", he was in support of Tony Curtis and Debbie Reynolds. He was in The Greatest Story Ever Told. The pilot for a TV series that did not eventuate was screened in some theatres. The Cross and the Switchblade was <mask>'s last film. In a Metal Mood: No More Mr. Nice Guy was released in 1997. He wore black leather to promote the album.He was dismissed from the TV show. Many fans accepted his explanation of the leather outfit being a parody of himself after he appeared on the network with the president and his pastor. He was brought back by Trinity Broadcasting. In 2003 he was inducted into the Nashville Gospel Music Association's Hall of Fame. "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag", "Get Down Tonight", and "A Woman Needs Love" are some of the cover versions of R&B hits included in We Are Family: R&B Classics. Plans for the Pat Boone Family Theater at Broadway at the Beach were announced in 2010. The attraction was never built.Security One Lending was a reverse mortgage company. Swiss America Trading Corporation is a broker of gold and silver coins that warns of America's economic collapse. Religion grew up in the Church of Christ. His use of alcohol and his preference for attending parties almost led to the end of his marriage. After coming into contact with the Charismatic movement,Shirley began to focus more on her religion and eventually influenced <mask> and their daughters towards a similar religious focus. They attended the Church of Christ. The "Project Prayer" rally was attended by 2,500 people at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles.The gathering, which was hosted by Anthony Eisley, a star of ABC's Hawaiian Eye series, sought to flood the United States Congress with letters in support of mandatory school prayer, following two decisions in 1962 and 1963 of the United States Supreme Court which struck down mandatory prayer as conflicting with At the Project Prayer rally were Walter Brennan, Lloyd Nolan, Rhonda Fleming, Gloria Swanson, and Dale Evans. The communists want to undermine our young people. ... I believe in the power of aroused Americans and the wisdom of our Constitution. The power of God. Had their schedules not been in conflict, Roy Rogers, John Wayne, Ronald Reagan, Mary Pickford, Jane Russell, Ginger Rogers, and <mask>m would have attended the rally.Glenn Ford and Zsa Zsa Gabor attended Bible studies at the Beverly Hills home of the <mask>s. Jack Hayford is the pastor of The Church On The Way in Van Nuys. On an April 22, 2016 broadcast of Fox News Radio's The Alan Colmes Show, <mask> discussed an episode of Saturday Night Live which included a sketch entitled God Is a Boob Man; the sketch parodied the film God's Not Dead 2. He said that the Federal Communications Commission should forbid any such content and that the broadcast licenses of any network or whoever is responsible for the shows should be revoked. Barry Goldwater won the 1964 United States presidential election. The Democratic Party candidate for Kentucky governor, Steve Beshear, would support "every homosexual cause" according to a recorded automated telephone message. As part of the campaign, <mask> asked, "Now do you want a governor who'd like Kentucky to be another San Francisco?"On August 29, 2009, <mask> wrote an article comparing American political liberalism to cancer. In the 2010 elections, John Wayne Tucker's campaign was endorsed by <mask> in Missouri's 3rd congressional district. In the race for Texas's 20th congressional district, the Trotter campaign used a song about a character from the cartoon series, which critics have characterized as offensive. The 38th annual Conservative Political Action Conference was held in February of 2011. In June 2016 a group of people, including Mike Huckabee and Troy Duhon, sent a letter to California Governor Jerry Brown in opposition to Senate Bill 1146 which "prohibits a person from being subjected to discrimination." Schools that train theology and pastors teachers might no longer be allowed to hire Christian-only staff, teach religious ideas in regular classes, require attendance at chapel services, or keep dormitories restricted to either males or females. The basketball fan had ownership interests in two teams.He owned a team in the studio league. Bill Cosby, Rafer Johnson, Don Murray, and Denny "Tarzan" Miller were part of the Cooga Moogas. On February 2, 1967, after the founding of the American Basketball Association, <mask> became the majority owner of the Oakland team. The team was originally called the Oakland Americans, but later changed its name to the Oakland Oaks. The ABA championship was won by The Oaks. The team had financial problems despite the Oaks' success. The team was sold to a group of businessmen in Washington, D.C., and became the Washington Caps, after the Bank of America threatened to seize the team's loan.The 80–84 age group Senior Olympic team narrowly lost to the gold medal-winning team, but <mask> aged out on June 1, 2019. 1959: Journey to the Center of the Earth is a TV documentary. The voice of Mr. is featured in 1991's Benny's Biggest Battle. The Shepherd (voice of Simon the Lamb) and Space Ghost Coast to Coast (TV series) were both released in 1994. Creation House, My Brother's Keeper? Creation House, Marrying for Life: A Handbook of Marriage Skills was published in 1982. The Los Angeles Times has a photographic archive.The Charles E. Young Research Library is located at the University of California, Los Angeles. 20th century American male actors, 20th century American singers, 20th century American writers, 20th century American Protestants.

masks:
Patrick Charles Eugene Boone
Boone
Boone
Pat Boone
Boone
Daniel Boone
Pat
Boone
Boone
Boone
Boone
Boone
Pat
Boone
Boone
Pat
Pat Buttra
Boone
Boone
Boone
Boone
Boone
Boone
Boone


texts: The 9th and last ruling Maharaja of Patiala was Sir <mask>, who ruled from January 1914 to June 1974. He played in one Test for India in 1934. Born at Patiala, Punjab in 1914 into a Jat royal family, Maharaja <mask> attended Aitchison College. He was the Inspector General of the Patiala State Police, as well as serving in Italy and Malaya during the Second World War. He married his first wife in 1935. He married his second wife, Mehtab Kaur, in 1938, after succeeding his father as the Maharaja of Patiala. It was believed that the reason for his second marriage was due to the influence of Akali leaders who wanted him to marry a woman from a Sikh family in order to get genuine Sikh heirs.The president of the Indian Olympic Association was a political career man. He helped organize the Asian Games. He founded a school. Sir <mask> <mask> donated the Lal Bagh Palace to the school. He served as chairman of the Indian Horticulture Development Council. He was the president of the organization. The chancellor of the Chamber of Princes from 1943 to 1944 was <mask>.He was the pro-chancellor of the Chamber of Princes when India gained independence. He said "After centuries time has come when India has gained independence from foreign rule and it's the time when we all unite for our motherland" and persuaded many other rulers to join India. There were many pogroms in and around the princely state of Patiala during the partition of India. Several cases of atrocities were committed by organized bands of Sikhs. The communal attacks on the minorities were planned by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and witnessed by the late Harkishan <mask>. I know more about the people in the eastern wing because I was there. I saw the terrible acts with my own eyes.The Maharaja of Patiala was involved in that conspiracy. The idea was that the Muslims would be driven out. One of the major crimes that triggered off others was the attacks on Sikhs and Hindus in March 1947. Nehru believed that the Maharaja wanted to cleanse the territory of Muslims. At a party with British officers, the Maharajas of Patiala and Faridkot said "We won't leave a Muslim here." The Foreign Minister of Patiala issued a denial stating "I definitely assert that no Patiala soldier has been involved in any killings in any part of the East Punjab." The princely state was incorporated into India on May 5, 1948.He was the leader of the new Indian state of Patiala and East Punjab States Union until it was merged with Punjab in 1956. The Government of Punjab received the Anand Bhawan, a 150 bigha palace, in 1956 for a holiday home for poor children, which was later leased out to Baba Ramdev's Patanjali Trust. He was an Indian delegate to the United Nations General Assembly from 1956 to 1957 and to UNESCO from 1959 to 1960. During 1959- 1969 he headed the Indian delegation to the FAO. Sir <mask> served as Indian Ambassador to Italy from 1966 to 1966 and as Indian Ambassador to the Netherlands from 1971 to 1974 before he died of heart failure at the age of 60. He was cremated with full state honours. He was succeeded as family head by his son Captain Amarinder <mask>, who is a politician with the Congress Party and who served as Chief Minister of the Indian State of Punjab from 2002 to 2007.K. Natwar <mask> was the former external affairs minister of India. Wilson and M. Pemberton were married to the Maharaj <mask> <mask> and Yuvraj of Patiala.

masks:
Yadavinder Singh
Yadavindra
Yadavindra
Singh
Yadavindra
Singh
Yadavindra
Singh
Singh
Kumar Yadavindra
Singh


texts: An Indian actor, film producer, and television personality who works in Hindi films is named <mask>. <mask> has received many awards in his film career, including two National Film Awards as a film producer and two Filmfare Awards for acting. One of the most successful actors in Indian cinema is cited in the media. <mask> was included in the Forbes list of Top-Paid 100 Celebrity Entertainers in the world. There are two people on the list with earnings of $33.5 million. <mask> was the highest-ranked Indian on the Forbes list of Top-Paid 100 Celebrity Entertainers. He has been the host of the reality show since 2010.<mask> began his acting career with a supporting role in Biwi Ho To Aisi and followed it up with a leading role in Maine Pyar Kiya. <mask> had roles in several Bollywood productions in the 1990s. Andaz Apna Apna, the action comedy, was released in 1994. After a brief period of decline in the 2000s, <mask> achieved greater stardom in the 2010s by playing the lead role in successful action films like Dabangg, Ready, Ek Tha Tiger, Kick, Sultan, and Tiger Zinda Hai. <mask>'s charity, Being Human Foundation, promotes humanitarian causes in addition to his acting career. There are controversy and legal troubles in <mask>'s off-screen life. He was found guilty of running over five people with his car, killing one, but his conviction was set aside on appeal.<mask> was sentenced to five years in prison after being convicted in a blackbuck case. While an appeal is being heard, he is out on bail. The ten highest grossers of the year starting from 1947 to 2020 is the highest for any actor in the history of Hindi cinema. The son of a writer and his first wife adopted the name Salma. On December 27, 1965, <mask> was born to a Hindu mother and a Muslim father. The children's relationship with their father deteriorated after he married Helen, and only recovered a few years later. In his biography of the actor, Jasim <mask> states that his ancestors were from Afghanistan and migrated to India in the 19th century.The Diler Jung award was given to Abdul Rashid <mask>, the deputy inspector general of the Indore state. Baldev Singh Charak, <mask>'s father, is a Dogra Rajput from Jammu and Kashmir, while <mask>'s mother is a homemaker from Maharashtra. <mask> can also speak English and Hindi. He has two brothers and two sisters, as well as an adopted sister. The brothers finished their education at St. Stanislaus High School. He and his brother Arbaaz studied at The Scindia School. He dropped out of a college in Mumbai.Debut and breakthrough <mask> made his acting debut with the 1988 film Biwi Ho To Aisi, in which he played a supporting role. One of the highest-grossing Indian films at the time was Maine Pyar Kiya, in which he played the leading role. He received a nomination for the Best Male Debut at the same ceremony, as well as a nomination for the Best Actor at Filmfare. When Love Calls, Te Amo, and Prema Paavuraalu were all used to describe Maine Pyar Kiya. Baaghi: A Rebel for Love was a box office success, followed by three moderately successful films in 1991, Patthar Ke Phool, Sanam Bewafa, and Kurbaan. The same year, <mask> went on to co-star with two other people. In 1994–2009, there was a song called "Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!"In 1994, <mask> was in a film called Andaz Apna Apna. The film failed at the box office but gained cult status over the years. He collaborated with director Sooraj Barjatya in a romance. co-stars The film won three Filmfare Awards for Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress. The National Award for being the most popular film of the year was won by it. The film became the biggest Bollywood hit of the year.Box Office India has a list of the "Biggest Blockbusters Ever in Hindi Cinema". It was the fourth-highest grossing Bollywood film in 2006 according to Box Office India. In 1995 he starred in a movie. Brothers who were killed by family enemies are reincarnated. He was nominated for the 1995 Filmfare Best actor award. In 1996, <mask> performed in a musical. Raj Kanwar's action hit Jeet.In 1997 he had two releases. He played a dual role of twins separated at birth in the film. One of the biggest commercial successes of 1998 was <mask>'s romantic comedy Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya, which starred Kajol. <mask> played a young man who has to take a child who claims to be his son, under his custody, in the movie Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai. The film's performance by <mask> earned a favorable review. He earned a second Filmfare Award under the Best Supporting actor category for his appearance in the film. In 1999, <mask> was nominated for a Best actor award at the Filmfare awards for his work in three films.Sharmila Telikum of Rediff said that his performance in the film was good. He tends to ham in the dramatic scenes, but he looks very comfortable doing comedy and romantic scenes. The issue of surrogate childbirth was addressed by <mask> in 2000. <mask> played the role of a rich industrialist who hires a surrogate mother after his wife becomes infertile. The film had an absurd storyline, but also performances from the cast, helping to reduce its other flaws. He starred in a movie in 2002. "<mask> <mask> is exceptional in a role that fits him to the T and he breathes fire in sequences that demand uneasiness," said Taran Adarsh for Tere Naam.The vulnerable person lies beneath the tough exterior and comes to the fore in the latter reels. Satish Kaushik said that <mask>'s work in the film was strong and that he had given a great performance. He's given a performance that was unconventional. I think this is the best performance of his career so far. No Entry and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi were comedies that he continued with. The ensemble film was directed by <mask>. He was in a movie called "Marigold: An Adventure in India".The love story of an Indian man and an American woman was told in the film. The second season of the game show was hosted by <mask>. According to a 2008 report from BizAsia UK, the show earned enough target rating points for Sony Entertainment Television to regain its third position in the Indian television ratings. He appeared in Wanted, directed by Prabhu Deva. The reviews for the film were generally positive. It was rated 4 of 5 stars by Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama. He may not be the best actor in town, but in a film like WANTED, in a role that seems like an extension of his personality, you can't think of anyone else doing it like that.Raja Sen from Rediff gave a rating of 2/5 and said, "The writing is both amateurish and crass, while the songs are plain hideous...<mask> might be having fun, but the fact a film like Wanted underscores is how badly Bollywood needs a breed of younger leading men." Roles that fit the existing lot are needed. Main Aurr Mrs <mask> and London Dreams were two of the films he appeared in that year. Veer was <mask>'s first film of the year. In Dabangg, <mask> played the role of a fearless cop with a comic effect. The film was noted by the Economic Times as being remarkable for its commercial success, despite having an "accent on inanity..." and "complete incoherence in terms of plot and credibility." According to The Times, the film's popularity is attributed to the star charisma of <mask>, who has managed to carry off the over-the-top articulation of the film.Dabangg won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. It was re-made in two different languages. His brother produced the film. According to the Hindustan Times, the film opened to full houses across the country. <mask> received two awards for his performance in the movie. He was nominated for his sixth Filmfare Award. It's the role of a lifetime and <mask> <mask> bites into it like a starving man devours a feast.He impersonates himself, strutting and swaggering. Ready was <mask>'s first release of 2011. Ready was the second highest grossing Bollywood film of 2011. He was in the remake of the 2010 Malayalam film of the same name. The film became India's highest-earning film of the year despite not being well received by critics. <mask> with Kaif at the launch of Ek Tha Tiger's first song 'Mashallah'. Ek Tha Tiger was <mask>'s first film of 2012 and he acted as an Indian spy.The film opened to very strong box office collections. The film is his first with the company. Dabangg 2 is a sequel to Dabangg, which was released in 2011. Dabangg 2 emerged as a huge financial success. Jai Ho was <mask>'s first film of the year and he starred in it with Daisy Shah. Kick, a remake of a Telugu film, has entered the Rs. There is a club in India.He sang a song from the movie. Bajrangi Bhaijaan, <mask>'s first film of 2015, broke several box office records after it was released. The film grossing on its first week beat the previous record. This was <mask>'s first Bollywood film and the second after PK to enter the 300 club. The film has a collection of over 6 billion, making it the second highest-grossing Bollywood film in India. Within 20 days of its release, Bajrangi Bhaijaan became the second highest grosser to date in India and broke several box office records. The film was the ninth in a row to gross over 1 billion.The film made  1.73 billion on its first week. The film made 2.01 billion. khan became the only actor to give three back-to-back movies which collected more than net domestically. He was the first actor to collect over domestic net in India. Sultan, directed by Ali Abbas Zafar for Yash Raj Films, received positive reviews from both critics and the public and broke several box office records. On its opening day, the film opened with an average of 70% audience attendance. The film collected another on its first weekend, bringing its total first week collections to an approximate of.The film became the second film of <mask> to net over 300 crores by the end of its second week. The film made a lot of money as of 9 August. Tubelight was <mask>'s third collaboration with <mask> after Bajrangi Bhaijaan and Ek Tha Tiger. The real-life brother of <mask> was in this film. The film failed to maintain a strong run at the box office despite its high expectations. The sequel to Ek Tha Tiger, Tiger Zinda Hai, made 190crore worldwide in its opening weekend. The film has made money in India and overseas.The films that <mask> starred in were released in June and December. Kick 2 was supposed to be released around Christmas 2019. He starred in a film that was released in May of 2021. Antim: The Final Truth received mixed reviews from critics. In his upcoming films, he will play a role in Lal Singh Chaddha. He will play Tiger in both Tiger 3 and Pathan. He launched his own production company in 2011.Money raised from film productions will be donated. The first film made under the banner was the children's entertainer Chillar Party, which won 3 National Awards for Best Children's film, Best Original Screenplay and Child Artist's Award. Shikshanachya Aaicha Gho will be the next film by SKBH. He launched another production house in the same year. Dr. Cabbie was the first film to be released under this banner. The film made $350,452 on its opening day. The next films under this banner were Hero, in which he also sang the title song "Hero" by Nikhil Advani, which starred Aditya Pancholi's son, and Bajrangi Bhaijaan, which starred <mask> himself.<mask> hosted a show in 2008. The show was the top rated show in India. It had an average TVR of 2.81 and a peak rating of 4.5. With an average rating of 1.37 TVR and a peak rating of 2.3, there is an average TVR of 0.76 and a peak rating of 1.1. The show helped Sony TV regain its third position in the ratings. In 2008 and 2009, he hosted the show and won the Best Anchor Award. In 2010 <mask> hosted a show.The show was well received and appreciated due to

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texts: <mask>'s hosting. The Grand finale episode of Kaun Banega Crorepati received a rating of 6.7, which was the highest among the finales of other Indian reality shows. Due to high ratings, <mask> hosted the fifth season of the show in 2011; he also hosted the sixth and seventh seasons in 2012 and 2013). <mask> hosted the Star Guild Award for the first time. <mask> also hosted other shows such as Big Boss 8, Big Boss 9, Big Boss 10, Big Boss 11, Big Boss 12 and Big Boss 14. Before he entered the film industry, <mask> advertised for a number of brands, including Campa Cola, Limca Soft drink, Hero Honda bikes and Double Bull shirts. He wasn't interested in promoting himself as a brand after he became a celebrity, but he continued to work for Thums Up until his contract ended in 2002.<mask> was replaced by Akshay Kumar. He was the brand ambassador of the soft drink Mountain Dew and ended his contract in December of 2010. He is a brand ambassador. He became a shareholder of the travel website, Yatra.com, because he was the brand ambassador. He is the face of the History Channel and the new brand ambassador for Suzuki motorcycles, Previously he endorsed Red Tape Shoes, and now he is endorsing Relaxo Hawaii. The brand ambassador of Wheel is <mask>. He has appeared with his brother for a gum brand.Sangini is a jewellery brand that the actor has done. Britannia's Tiger biscuits is the latest endorsement of the actor. He is the face of the product. He has endorsement deals with Rotomac Pen and SF Sonic Batteries. <mask> has been signed as the brand ambassador for both Splash and Astral Poly Technik, the leading manufacturers of plumbing and drainage systems in the country. <mask> is the brand ambassador of the civic body Bombay Municipal Corporation's drive against open defecation in Mumbai, and has also been signed by the Security and Surveillance brand. <mask> is the second Ambassador along with Big B for 'Emami Healthy & Tasty', 'Himani Best Choice' and 'Rasoi'.A number of aspiring Bollywood actors have been helped by <mask>. He inspired some Bollywood actors to get into shape. The director of Sanam Bewafa was helped by <mask>. The Love Season is free. Himesh Reshammiya and Sajid–Wajid were recommended by <mask>. He supported the making of the musical Khamoshi: The Musical and the movie Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam. The career of actor Govinda was saved by <mask>.After his stint as hero failed in Baaghi: A Rebel for Love, <mask> suggested Mohnish Bahl to Sooraj Barjatya. In addition to Jai Ho, Bahl has also done important roles in other films. In Tere Naam, he was instrumental in getting Ravi Kishan the role. Rinzing is the son of Danny Denzongpa, Ali is the son of Raza Murad, and Vaibhav is the son of the late Vijay Anand. The sons and daughters of Bollywood stars were launched by <mask> in his production Hero. Since he lost many offers due to an injury that happened in the CCL, he decided to offer Sood his role in the Hindi remake of Shikshanachya Aaicha Gho. He decided to mentor Shera's son as well.The actor who had a failed Bollywood career played a major role with <mask> in the movie. <mask> has been involved in several charities. He started a non profit called Being Human which sells products online and in stores. The money goes to a worthy cause. Being Human Foundation was set up by <mask> to help the underprivileged. <mask> funded the Foundation using his own money. Education and healthcare are the focus areas of the Foundation.Being Human Art, Being Human merchandise and Being Human Gitanjali Gold Coins are some of the initiatives undertaken by the Foundation. He launched his own production company in 2011. Being Human will be the beneficiary of the money generated from film productions. The first film made under the banner was the children's entertainer Chillar Party, which won 3 National Awards for Best Children's film, Best Original Screenplay and Child Artist's Award. In January 2012 <mask> offered to pay to release about 400 prisoners from prisons in the state of UP. Due to economic reasons, the prisoners were unable to pay their fines. In July 2015, <mask> offered to donate the profits of his most successful film to the poor farmers of India.<mask> and Rockline decided to donate the profits of their film to each other. The film's director and his sister met the Maharashtra's Revenue Minister to discuss the film. Abdul Basit, <mask>'s 11-year-old fan from Pakistan, had severe jaundice at the time of his birth and was admitted to the Apollo Hospital, Delhi. The youngster wanted to meet <mask>. India's Prime Minister Mr Modi invited nine celebrities to promote the message of clean India when it was launched in October of last year. He agreed to campaign for the eradication of open defecation in the Brihan Mumbai Municipal Corporation. The Prime Minister appreciated his efforts to clean the streets of Karjat.<mask> lives in the Galaxy Apartments in Mumbai. A 150-acre plot in Panvel has 3 bungalows, a swimming pool and a gym. <mask> is a renowned body builder. <mask> has never been married. The media and his fans have been interested in his relationships. In 1999, he began dating Bollywood actress Aishwarya Rai; their relationship was often reported in the media until the couple separated in 2001. <mask> and Kaif started dating.After years of speculation, Kaif admitted in an interview in 2011 that she had been in a serious relationship with <mask> for several years, but it ended in 2010. Somy Ali was in a relationship with <mask>. Iulia Vntur is in a relationship with <mask>. In August of 2011, <mask> admitted that he suffers from trigeminal neuralgia, a facial nerve disorder. He said in an interview that he has been quietly suffering from it for seven years, but now the pain has become unbearable. He said that it made his voice harsher. <mask> identifies as both Hindu and Muslim.I'm an Indian. He said that his father is Muslim and his mother is Hindu. <mask> was ranked as the 7th best looking man in the world by People Magazine in 2004. The Madame Tussauds Museum in London and the Madame Tussauds Museum in New York have statues of him. He was declared the Sexiest Man Alive by India. He was declared the Times of India's most desirable man three times. He was declared India's Most Searched Celebrity Online.<mask> topped the Forbes India charts in terms of fame and revenues. <mask> was the highest ranked Indian in the 71st place with an earnings of $33.5 million. <mask> was ranked seventh in Forbes's first global list of highest-paid actors in the world, with earnings of US$33.5 million, which placed him higher than such Hollywood actors as Johnny Depp, Brad Pitt, Leonardo DiCaprio and Dwayne The Rock Johnson. He was ranked higher than US President Barack Obama in The Most Admired Personalities of India. He was declared the most attractive personality in India by the International Business Times. He was the first actor to collect over domestic net in India. <mask> was the first Bollywood actor to be ranked the most searched for in India.The Indian Olympic Association appointed an actor as a goodwill ambassador for the 2016 Summer Olympics. According to Forbes India, he was the highest-paid actor in India, and the ninth highest-paid in the world. <mask> was arrested for rash and negligent driving after his car ran into a bakery in Mumbai, killing one person and injuring three others. He was charged with culpable homicide, but the charges were later dropped. He pleaded not guilty to the charge of culpable homicide in the case. On 6 May 2015, <mask> was found guilty of all charges. The court concluded that <mask> was driving the car under the influence of alcohol, causing the death of one and serious injury to four homeless people.The actor was sentenced to five years in prison after being convicted of culpable homicide not amounting to murder. The Bombay High Court granted bail to <mask> on 8 May 2015, suspending his prison sentence until the final appeal hearing in July. His driver was arrested and charged with perjury after he lied to the court about who was driving the car at the time of the accident. Some suspect the involvement of organised crime in the kidnapping and death of a police officer. <mask> was acquitted of all charges in December of 2015. The Supreme Court admitted the Maharashtra government's plea that challenged the acquittal of Bollywood star <mask> <mask> in a hit-and-run case. The court wouldn't fast-track the case.The relationship between him and Rai was well known in the Indian media. Rai accused him of harassing her after their break-up. Her parents lodged a complaint against <mask> after she claimed that he was hounding her after their break-up. In 2005, news outlets released a copy of a mobile phone call that was recorded in 2001 by the Mumbai police. He threatened Rai in order to force her to attend social events held by Mumbai crime figures. The call boasted of connections to organised crime and made derogatory comments about other actors. The alleged tape was found to be fake by the government's forensic lab.The case involves the alleged killing of a deer when <mask> and his co-stars were filming a movie in the forests near Jodhpur in 1998. The court granted him bail after he spent a week in jail. A case under sections 3/25 and 3/27 of the Arms Act was filed against <mask> for allegedly keeping and using firearms with an expired licence. <mask> was sentenced to one year in prison for hunting Chinkara. A higher court stayed the sentence. On 10 April 2006 <mask> was handed a five-year jail term and was sent to Jodhpur jail until 13 April when he was granted bail. The Rajasthan High Court finalized charges against <mask> and his colleagues in the blackbuck killing case, paving the way for the start of the trial.The Supreme Court issued a notice to <mask> on the Rajasthan government's plea. The Rajasthan High Court acquitted <mask> in the blackbuck and chinkara cases. The Rajasthan Government decided to approach the Supreme Court to challenge <mask>'s acquittal in two related cases. A Jodhpur court acquitted <mask> in an Arms Act case related to the killing of a blackbuck. <mask> pleaded not guilty to charges of violating the law by keeping unlicensed weapons. The actor was acquitted by the court because the prosecution failed to submit enough evidence. The Jodhpur court convicted <mask> in the blackbuck case and sentenced him to five years in prison.On April 7, 2018, <mask> was released on bail. In September 2010, <mask> was reported to have claimed during an interview on a Pakistani channel that the 26/11 attacks got a lot of attention because the "elite" were targeted. The actor said during the interview that it was the elite that was targeted. There are five star hotels. They panicked. They spoke about it after they got up. Why not before?Attacks have happened in trains and small towns, but no one talked about it. <mask> said that the Indian security forces had failed and that Pakistan was not to be blamed for it. There were strong reactions from political parties to <mask>'s comments. The comments were condemned by the Special Prosecutor. <mask> apologized for his comments. On July 25, 2015, <mask> made a number of posts from his account in support of the 1993 Bombay bombings accused Yakub Memon. The execution of Memon was scheduled to take place before <mask> made his statement.Tiger Memon should be hanged instead of his brother, said <mask>. He asked the Prime Minister of Pakistan if the mob boss was in his country. The protests outside his house were sparked by the social media and was criticized by his father. <mask> apologized after the incidents. Two National Film Awards and two Filmfare Awards were won by Accolades <mask>. Discography <mask> has sung the following Hindi songs for Bollywood

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texts: He is an Argentine politician. He was appointed to the position of Secretary of Domestic Trade in 2005 and remained there until his resignation in the midst of a scandal in November 2013). He was an economic attache at the Argentinian embassy in Rome when he was found guilty of abuse of authority. The man who drives the economy of Argentina is the one described in an article by the Financial Times in 2011. He grew up in the southern suburbs. The <mask> family bought a house in Villa Lugano in 1970. After the years that followed, he began to be politically active.He is said to have been an active member of the left-wing group Peronist Youth, which favored a Castro-style revolution in Argentina, although some acquaintances have said he was an extreme Catholic activist. He became a libertarian by 1982. After the return of democracy to Argentina, he opened a hardware store in the town of San Martin and earned a degree in Economics from the Argentine University of Business. In the early 1990s, he was the Under-Secretary of Production in the Buenos Aires City Government. During the Presidency of Eduardo Duhalde, he became an assistant to the Trade Secretary. Eduardo Curia, Daniel Carbonetto, and Pablo Chall were all linked to <mask>. He was an advisor to the MTA.He was an official in the Ministry for the Protection of Competition under the presidency of Eduardo Duhalde. Néstor Kirchner was close to <mask> before he became president. He was one of the members of the Calafate Group, a think-tank created by Kirchner and others as a forum to foster ideas that would reverse the neo-liberal policies of the 1990s. The Secretary of Communications for a few months in 2005 was <mask>. The Secretary of Domestic Trade was named in 2005. He remained in the post after his wife became president. According to the Center for Security Policy, the government of Argentina's was described as seeking to impose price controls by intimidating the business community, an action that was openly carried out by her Secretary of Commerce.The Financial Times identified <mask> as Argentina's weapon in the fight to curb rising food prices and to ration gas to factories, to quell petrol price hikes and to block imports, as well as to control the black market exchange rate. The SuperCard, also known in the media as a " Morenocard," is an alternative to regular credit cards. He was accused of using violence to extort industrialists and entrepreneurs during his tenure in the cabinet. He tried to intimidate businessmen and traders, and when that failed, he encouraged marches and boycotts against those who dared to challenge his authoritarian behavior. "But in general, what he says, goes." "He has been rumored in the past to carry a gun and he took boxing gloves to a meeting of shareholders of a key newsprint company in which the state has a stake." Many businessmen prefer silence to crossing with him, perhaps remembering a former economy minister who disagreed with him over farm export tariffs. The Brazilian Minister of Development and Industry said in a 2007 interview that he had no interest in the matter.The chief statistician at INDEC, the National Statistics and Censuses Institute, accused <mask> in 2006 of having requested the names of the stores that were surveyed in the calculation of the retail price index. The Secrecy Act made it impossible for her to give such information to him. The removal of Bevacqua from her post and the firing of other officials who refused to understate the inflation rate made him the target of nationwide criticism. He used other methods to control internal disagreements at the bureau. In a 2009 interview, she said that on May 29, 2006 she was called into his office and accused of being "unpatriotic" for not telling him about the inflation rate. He shouted, "I'll do it like in the old Peronist days", threatening to "delete" official data at will. After leaving INDEC, she was unable to find other work because of pressure from her superiors.Argentina was censured by the International Monetary Fund for failing to report accurate inflation data. During a 2012 visit to Vietnam, he displayed balloons that read "Clarn lies" as part of the anti-Clarn activities of the Kirchner administration. He gave 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 In February of last year, major retailers in Argentina were ordered not to advertise in media owned by Clarn or La Nacin, which were considered hostile to the Kirchner administration. According to the Wall Street Journal, he was the subject of a criminal investigation for giving these orders. Argentina's leading importers were pressured to boycott U.S. companies. According to a 2010 article in Mercopress, there was an "unwritten rule" that Argentinian supermarkets must not import goods from Brazil that were also made in Argentina.When a leader of the textile firm, Kowsef SA, criticized Argentina's prohibitive tax level on textiles, the government accused Kowsef of running illegal- immigrant sweatshops. The controversy surrounding Kowsef was described as the effect of the long arm of the Kirchner administration. Senator Sanz said that <mask> was one of the most worthless men in the government. Sanz maintained that the INDEC would not be trusted again unless the entire staff were replaced. Adrian Perez, head of the Civic Coalition in the Chamber of Deputies, said that the Secretary of Domestic Trade was a criminal and inefficient. It has been argued that he exerts far more influence in national politics than would be expected, considering his office as a Secretary. The resignation of the former Minister in April 2008 is thought to have been the result of his power struggle.The trial and resignation took place in September of last year. The charge was brought by an economist. The economy vice-minister under Eduardo Duhalde, Todesca, was one of more than a dozen experts fined 500,000 pesos each for sharing a version of the Consumer Price Index that differed from the official version. There was 50,000 pesos worth of assets frozen by Bonadio. He resigned from his cabinet position on December 2. He was appointed economic attache at the Argentinian embassy in Rome after he resigned. He was replaced by someone else.According to Eduardo Hecker of the consulting firm DEL, the resignation of <mask> shows that his policies have failed to fix the economy. On March 20, Judge Bonadio found <mask> guilty of abuse of authority. His annual income increased by 26 percent despite his legal troubles, according to a report. In the early 80's, she was married to a psychologist. They have two children, Joseph Paul and Victoria. Amelia Cascales has been described as his "battle partner" and legal bodyguard. Cascales is described as having her own place in the constellation of K power, and as having managed to establish a personal relationship with the President.People who were born in 1955 include Argentine people of Spanish descent and government ministers of Argentina.

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