texts: <mask> was a Tamil poet and composer. His family has been involved in music and scholarship for a long time. His ancestors were from Tirunelveli district. His parents lived in the village of Perungarai. The whole village was given to the family by the Maharaja. His grandfather had the same name. His dad was Subramanya Bharathi.His father and grandfather were both musicians. Father and grandfather were both scholars in Tamil and Sanskrit. The child was considered to be blessed by Lord Muruga after his parents prayed weekly at the temple. Thanks to his brilliance in poetry, language skills and music, he developed an intellectual relationship with the famous poet Madurakavi Bharathiar. One could imagine fruitful discussions among the two in the presence of their families, and at the early age of 12 he began to compose kirtanams and prabandhas in the praise of his favourite gods. The legend says that the local deity appeared in his dreams and told him to compose songs in her praise in order to get well after he was critically ill. He found out the next day that he was full of verve.He sang the name of the deity in the temple after fulfilling the deity's wish. The Opera "Azhahar Kuravanji" was composed in 1840. His fame spread all over the region after it was first sung in a palace. He presented his works in the presence of the intellectual community in his palace after being invited by King Gouri Vallabha. He was appointed as the "Asthana Vidwan" in his court after being given the title "Kavi Kunjaram". He was respected by the royal court of Sivaganga and continued to be in their court. He composed "Vengai kummi" to honor the king after he killed a tiger.The king presented him with a village called "Kottangachi yendal" and was accompanied by royal presents and traveled to his village in a palanquin. He created a collection called "Skaanda purana Kirtanai" to fulfill the royal desire. He was 55 when the book was released. He lived a good life in his village. He is said to have created a "Venba" and a prayer to cure his buffalo. At the age of 86, he passed away surrounded by his loved ones and full of prayers and divine thoughts. His compositions include praise of Meenakshi Amman and Tiruvangaada Malai.A collection called Perinbha kirthanaigal is one of his notable contributions. His beautiful compositions can be seen in a few works. The Skaanda puranam and Perinba kirtahanigal were released in three volumes in 1916. The compositions of Koteeswara Ayyar can be found in the Melakarta ragas. The two composers have the same "mudrai". <mask> <mask> Bharathi used "kavikunjaram" to refer to his mudrai, while Koteeswara ayyar used "kavikunjara dasan" to refer to his mudrai. The first volume of the 36 suddha madyama melakartas was dedicated to his maternal grandfather.K. Nagamani is the son of Koteeswara Ayyar. The first song was Elyumlorai Polave. Mahalingam has given disc recordings of it. There are dance-dramas in Tamil half way between Bhaagavatha Mela Naataka and rustic dance-dramas. The accent has a high entertainment value with the use of Rakti raagas and folk tunes. Rhythmic sol-FA passages and onomatopoeic phrases are used in the pure dance passages. The story of the hero falling in love with Maalazhagar is called Azhahar Kuravanji.The first invocatory song in Kanada is in Sanskrit and can be read in the charanam. The classical division of the composition has been adopted by Kavikunjara Bhaarathi. The description of Maalazhagar surrounded by his devotees is included in the song. The arrival of Mohanavalli along with her sakhis is depicted in the composition. A few lines like the ones below make one imagine the beautiful hero playing ball with her friends. There is an interesting phraseology in the 3rd charanam. Ratnavalli yaalnanda valli was written by Naagavalli.Mohanavalli immediately fell in love with Maalazhagar. The song "Ivanaro in Khamboji" is famous. In the song, there is a depiction of Malaiyum CHEMPON olaiyum Varna Chelaiyum aniyaamal Kaalaiyum andimaalaiyum. The sakhi consoled the hero and asked her to be patient in the song. In the song Behag, Mohanavalli rebukes the moon for being cruel towards her in the Chenchurutti song. The famous song in Begada is "maalai Kuravanji Vandaale". The second charanam describes the beauty of the gypsies.This is followed by a lengthy description of the tribe's ways. It would be interesting to compare the current eco-system with the one described in this kuravanji, as there is a full description of the flora and fauna. The gypsies have vaunts of their capacities in the Bhairavi song. She assures the hero that her wishes will be fulfilled. The arrival of Maalazhahar is announced in the song "Vandu Cheruvar maane". The song describes the final marriage scene. There is a secondary folk theme on the marriage of the gypsies.The play ends in Sauraashtram. See the list of composers from the Alliance Press.

masks:
Kavi Kunjara Bharati
Kavi
Kunjara


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>, was a Canadian teacher, linguist, and author who traveled extensively in Europe. She was known for her writing about her travels. He was involved in the temperance movement. She was the author of My First Visit to England, 1865 and In Europe, 1877. Belford, 1877; "Toofie" in Europe, 1884; "Legends and Tales of the Harz Mountains, North Germany, 1885; and At Last, 1894" "Britain, We Stand by You", 1899; "The Last Night and its Vision", 1901; and "Birdie's Reply : To a Wee Bird Trying to Fly", 1907 are some of the lyrics she wrote. <mask> "Toofie" <mask> was born in Saint-Armand, Quebec, Canada, on February 20, 1833.At the time of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, her Norman and Huguenot ancestors had escaped from France to Germany. Her mother was from the United Empire Loyalists family of Vermont. His father died in 1836. Her mother married a man two years later. There were five half-siblings from this marriage, including a lawyer and a poet. Women were not admitted to the University of Toronto when she was in college. She graduated with honours after studying theology for two years.She spoke several modern languages, including Greek and Latin, as well as Latin and Greek, and was a fair linguist. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She married a teacher in 1856 and they moved to Toronto where he studied law. He became a prominent barrister in that city, affiliating with the Conservative Party, and serving as a member of the Ontario Legislature. She became a philanthropist and member of the WCTU movement during this time. William Lauder was the sole teacher of the pianist until he was eleven years old. She had to assume the entire direction of her child's musical education.She lived in Great Britain, Germany, France and Italy, as well as visiting many parts of Europe, with her husband and son. She took William to Sachse-Weimar because she formed the friendship of several musical celebrities and authors while she was abroad. According to Pocknell, William was the only Canadian. William was invited to perform in Rome. She was honoured with private audiences with the queen, and invitations, both in the Palace of Capodimonte in Naples, where she was presented at the royal court. At the papal court, she was presented with her son. My First Visit to England and In Europe were two books that were inspired by extensive travel.After spending time in the Harz in the summer, she collected local folk tales and wrote a book called Tales of the Harz Mountains in Germany. The work was dedicated to Queen Margherita. "Toofie" was <mask>" was a fictional character in one of the works. She wrote poems about Queen Victoria, King Edward, and King George after they died. She wrote lyrics for several songs, including "Britain, We Stand by You", "The Last Night and its Vision", and "Birdie's Reply : To a Wee Bird Trying to Fly". <mask> was an amateur musician.The Metropolitan Methodist Church, a historic Neo-Gothic style building in downtown Toronto, is one of the largest and most prominent churches of the United Church of Canada. She died in Toronto at the age of 89. Books song "Britain, We Stand by You" was written in 1899. Arthur Uvedale wrote "Birdie's Reply : To a Wee Bird Trying to Fly" in 1907. "Alone - The Queen's Lament" was published in 1908. 19th-century Canadian non-fiction writers 19th-century Canadian women writers 19th-century Methodists 20th-century Canadian poets

masks:
Maria Elise Turner Lauder
Toofie Lauder
Maria
Turner Toof
Lauderfie
Lauder


texts: <mask> (born Franois Pillu; 10 November 1919 to 29 June 2002) was a French actor renowned for his expressiveness and diversity of roles. He made over 100 film and TV appearances between 1938 and 1996. He was in the theatre. He played Hugo in the first production of Les Mains Sales. He made several commercial audio recordings that were popularizing classical music in France. He won the award for best actor for his performance in Gervaise. On November 10, 1919, <mask> was born.He had two daughters with his first wife. He died of a heart attack during his sleep. Périer's remains were next to those of the stage and silent film actress Réjane, who was the grandmother of Périer's first wife.

masks:
Franois Périer
Life Périer


texts: Pseudo-Philip was a Greek pretender who became the last independent king of Macedon in 149 BC as Philip VI, based on his claim of being Philip. He was deposed by the Roman Republic during the Fourth Macedonian War. According to ancient sources, he was originally from Adramyttium in Aeolis. He traveled to the court of his uncle, the Seleucid monarch Demetrius I Soter, to request assistance in claiming his throne after learning of his ancestry. After being sent to Rome, where he was judged harmless and exiled to a city in Italy, he launched an invasion of Macedon, defeating Rome's clients and establishing his rule as king. After some initial successes, the Romans were defeated and captured by the Praetor Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus. After being paraded in Metellus' triumph in 146 BC, he was executed.The Roman province of Macedonia was established in the aftermath of his revolt, ending Macedonian independence and establishing a permanent presence in the region. It is generally believed that he came from Aeolis in western Anatolia, though details of his origins are vague and sometimes conflicting. According to his own story, he was raised by a Cretan in Adramyttium and made his claims of royalty in 154 BC. He was raised with his foster mother after the Cretan died and was educated at Adramyttium. According to his claim, his mother gave him a sealed document that was supposedly written by Perseus, along with the location of two hidden treasures, at Amphipolis and Thessalonica, in order to advance his claims. Niese suggests that there is a possibility of his claims being true, but generally agrees that he was a pretender; his main advantage in his claims was his close resemblance to Perseus. He left for Syria around 154/153 BC and claimed to be the son of Perseus.It was due to his mother that he left Pergamon, according to his account. He staked his claim in Syria. Livy and Cassius Dio wrote that he staked his claim to the throne of the Seleucid monarch, Demetrius I Soter. There is a different account offered by Diodorus Siculus. He said that he was already a mercenary in the army. Due to his resemblance to the former Macedonian king, his colleagues started jokingly calling him "son of Perseus", and at one point, he claimed that he was indeed the son of the king. Niese suggests that he may have traveled to Syria and enlisted as a mercenary before making his claim.There were riots in the capital, Antioch, after he appealed to the king to help him win back his throne. Large segments of the Seleucid population were of Macedonian descent, and they were eager to help the other side. There were calls for the king to be deposed if he didn't help the pretender. Unmoved, or perhaps frightened, Demetrius had <mask> arrested and sent to Rome. He was brought before the Senate in Rome due to what was perceived to be his ordinary nature and transparent false claim. The real Philip died at Alba Fucens two years after his father, so the Romans thought his claim was fake. They exiled him to an Italian city, but he escaped and went to the Greek world.Gaining support in Miletus, he tried to advance his claims further. When the leaders of Miletus learned of this, they arrested him and sought advice from visiting Roman envoys on what to do with him; the envoys were contemptuous of the pretender and told the Miletans he was safe to release. He continued his travels through Ionia and met a former concubine of Perseus who is now married to the brother of the Pergamene king. Being a Macedonian by birth, she accepted his claim and agreed to help him, giving him money and slaves, and probably suggesting that he travel to Thrace, where he would find a following. He was well received in Byzantium. He met Teres III, the son of Cotys IV, who was once an ally of Perseus, when he arrived in Thrace. He received a warm reception from Teres and the other Thracians, as well as Barsabas, who gave him a few hundred troops for his campaign.The first attempt to invade was unsuccessful and the Romans were not interested in the pretender. He defeated Rome's clients in Macedonia on the banks of the Strymon river and then invaded Macedon proper. He was crowned king at the old Macedonian capital of Pella in 150/149 BC. The Macedonians' initial attitude waslukewarm, but his successes won him popularity and support. Anti-Roman sentiment was common and the populace was willing to overthrow the old regime. There was more hesitation among the gentry and upper classes, and more enthusiasm among the lower classes, but the popular mood was largely in his favor. His claims were supported by his correct prediction of the locations of two treasures, which he claimed were specified in the "sealed writing" that had been handed to his caretakers.Niese notes that "one liked to believe what one wished; the re-establishment of Macedonia enabled liberation from the burden of Roman rule." The Macedonians were happy with the prospect of Macedonia having a king restored from the old line. It has been suggested that the extent of his support may not have been as widespread as was thought. Evidence for this theory can be found in the relative lack of reprisals towards Macedon after his defeat. He was in a constant state of war with Rome and his military campaigns defined his reign. Thessaly is a key part of the old Antigonids and was conquered by him after his conquest of the Kingdom. Some Roman allies in Greece, a few Roman units and legates in the region and remnants of Rome's client republics in Macedon were some of the initial resistance to him.The Romans sent a legion to defeat the pretender. Thalna did not take into account the fact that the king's army had grown since his enthronement. Thessaly is near the borders of Macedon, but details of the engagement are scarce, but Thalna was killed. The worst defeat Rome would suffer was at the hands of the Macedonians. The victory greatly increased the king's prestige, he obtained an alliance with Carthage, and his domestic popularity was increased dramatically, allowing him to stamp out republican resistance and conquer Thessaly. When it became clear that Rome would not recognize his throne, he embarked on a strongly anti-Roman policy. Carthage, which was under attack from Rome in the Third Punic War, allied itself to him and promised him money and ships, though these could not be sent before his ultimate defeat.The Achaean League remained pro-Roman despite the fact that there was significant sympathy in Greece. King Philadelphus of Pergamon was pro-Roman and the Pergamenes were afraid of Macedonia. There was a strongly anti-Roman and anti-Republican policy. It has been suggested that these were manifestations of his anti-Roman policy and his persecutions of his opponents, including pro-Roman republicans. It is1-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-65561-6556 After his victory over Thalna, his persecutions increased, costing him a lot of popularity. There is a debate about the extent and nature of coinage.Many of his coins may have been overstrikes of previous coinage. He added Herakles to the reverse of the silver drachmae that he issued. Only three coins of Andriscus are known, two of which are overstruck, one on a drachm of the Thessalian League and the other on a Roman denarius. After his victory against Thalna, he may have used the denarii he seized to make his own coins. The coins are of poor quality due to the short duration of his reign, the need to quickly produce wartime coinage, and the need to reuse old dies. The remnants of the pro-Roman republics may have struck some non-royal coinage. The king allowed some degree of independent coinage and was more liberal than was implied by the sources.The fall and death of Thalna made the Senate realize the significance of the revolt. They organized a full consular army of two legions, under the command of the pharetor Quintus Caecilius Metellus, to check if the uprising was quelled. After arriving in Greece in 148 BC, Metellus marched along the Thessalian coast in a combined land and sea advance, while the Pergamene fleet threatened the coastal district of northern Macedonia. Metellus engaged him in battle when he took up a defensive position with his main army at Pydna. Andrisus was defeated in the Battle of Pydna. This single battle was enough to make him lose control of Macedon, as the people submitted to Metellus, because of his harsh persecutions. He was forced to flee to Thrace, his original base of support, and began organizing a new army, however, Metellus routed his forces before he could prepare them.Metellus succeeded in persuading the princeling Byzes to become a Roman ally, ending his reign. The Achaean War of 146 BC was settled by Metellus after he subdued any remaining Macedonian resistance. Metellus was granted a triumph when he returned to Rome in 146 BC. The last king to rule over Macedon was brought in chains and executed. Assessment and legacy Ancient sources are hostile, not only to the origins and claims, but also to the character of the man, who Diodorus calls a man of the lowest kind. His persecution of pro-Roman and pro-republican elements probably reflected his accusations of tyranny. After his victory over Thalna, it is possible that he committed acts of terrorism and oppression against his subjects.After his revolt, the Romans realized that the old administration could not be sustained and a reorganization was necessary. The reorganization was necessary because the old administrative structure was disrupted and it would be difficult to reestablish it. Metellus was the first governor of the Roman province of Macedon. The primary sources are Velleius Paterculus and Diodorus Siculus.


texts: <mask> is a former American football safety. He won a pair of Washington state titles in the 100 and 200 meter dashes as a high school sophomore, but left track and field to focus on football. He was a three-time All-American at USC. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft and went on to play in 66 regular season games for the Oakland Raiders. <mask> was the son of Stafford and <mask> and was born in Irving, Texas. He was raised in a Jewish household. He attended Hebrew school twice a week when he was a child.He had a football-themed bar mitzvah. He said that he didn't understand what it meant at the time. I feel like I have come a long way in regards to maturity and becoming an adult. I think it helped me do that. He celebrated Chanukah, Passover, and Yom Kippur as a child. His father played defensive tackle for the University of Washington in the late 1970s and was later drafted in the ninth round of the 1980 NFL Draft by the St. Louis Cardinals. His mother was an executive vice president at Nordstrom and his father was a Microsoft executive.Mays had a deep desire to play football from a young age, and his father remembers Mays at age 14 doing homework with his football helmet on. Mays was fond of watching his father's football tapes when he was a kid. While his parents initially didn't allow him to play football, he played soccer and was noted as being very physical and much bigger than the other kids which led to his parents eventually letting him try out for the football team in the 7th grade. Mays attended O'Dea High School, a Catholic boys high school located in Seattle, Washington's First Hill neighborhood. Mays joined the track & field team to work on his speed. In the spring of 2004, Mays won two titles in the 100 and 200 meters at the 3A State Championships, but left track after his junior year to dedicate his last year. As a junior in 2004, he was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217His final year at O'Dea, he collected 166 tackles, 5 intercepts and 5 pass deflections as a safety, while catching 36 passes for and 15 touchdown. He was named to the All-State First-team and All-Metro League Mountain Division offensive and defensive teams as a senior. He returned 12 punts for and 3 touchdown. <mask> was a member of the West Team in the 2006 U.S. Army All-American Bowl. He made three tackles. Mays attended the 2005 Palo Alto Nike, Inc. Training Camp. Mays ran a 4.59 in the 40-yard dash, recorded 21 reps of 185-pounds on bench press and posted a 31" vertical jump.Mays was 6'3" by the time he was 17 years old. Mays was listed as the No. 1 by Rivals.com. One of the top prospects in the state of Washington. While considering offers from USC, Washington and Miami, Mays decided to commit to the University of Southern California after being recruited by defensive back coaches Greg Burns and Rocky Seto. Mays was expected to attend Washington in the footsteps of his father, but didn't want to fall under his father's shadow and decided to build his own legacy while citing Pete Carroll's enthusiasm and coaching style as a major factor in his decision, officially committing on August 14, 2005. Mays received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Southern California, where he played on the USC football team from 2006 to 2009. After Josh Pinkard went down with a season-ending injury in their first game, Mays got the start at free safety.He made his college career debut in week 5 against Washington State. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Mays became the third player in USC history to be named the Co-Freshman of The Year, while also earning Second-team All-American, 1st-team Freshman All-American and Defensive Freshman of the Year honors. A lot of people were surprised by the fact that Mays was the fastest player on the team, built with some of the fastest players in the nation. Joe stated that he was faster than him. I would love to have it, whatever he has. The record for the fastest time in the dash at the 2008 NFL Combine was set by Chris Johnson, but Mays was slower than that.Mays said that he models his game after former USC safety and Pro Football Hall of Fame safety <mask>. I look up to him. Being in this program, living up to the safeties, is special. Mays moved from No. 29 to No. 2 after his freshman season for former Florida State player Deion Sanders and former Michigan player Charles Woodson who both wore the number while playing defensive back in college. Mays returned as the team's starting safety after Josh Pinkard was moved to the corner.His most impressive game of the season was in week 10 against California, where he posted 10 tackles and 3 passes which helped hold one of the best offenses in the nation 14 points below its average in a 24–17 win. He had a career-high 12 tackles against the Oregon. In 13 games in 2007, Mays finished third on the team with 65 total tackles. He was a third-team All-American from the Associated Press, a first-team All-American from Sporting News, and an All-Pac-10 honorable mention. Mays was listed by The Magazine in an article titled "Workout Warriors", honoring college football's most physically talented players. According to the article, in the USC spring practices in 2008, Mays ran an electronically timed 4.32 40-yard dash, threw up 225-pounds 23 times during the bench press, and was measured at 6'3", 226-pounds with 6% body fat. Mays had a 35" vertical and 10' standing broad jump when he arrived at USC.The No. 1 was where Mays was listed. 2 spots behind Brian Orakpo. Before the start of the 2008 season, Mays was honored with a 2008 Preseason All-American selection and was on the early watch list for both the Bronko Nagurski Trophy, awarded to the best defensive player in the nation, and the Lott Trophy. In an interview with the Los Angeles Times on November 10, Mays stated that he would make a decision on whether or not to give up his senior year at USC to enter the 2009 NFL draft after the 2008 post season. Mays was one of the top safety prospects in the nation. One of the best colleges has ever seen the USC defense turn in the second-best defense in the nation. Through the air, the USC defense held opposing offenses to only 6 touchdown while collecting 19 intercepts as the best pass defense in the nation, with Mays being a key factor in their success.Mays had a team-leading 8 pass deflections with four of them coming in a week 9 game

masks:
Taylor Mays
Mays
Laurie Mays
Mays
Sean Taylor


texts: against California which averaged almost 40 points per game. Mays delivered several big hits which jarred balls loose from the receiver's hands. Mays' first intercept of the season was called back by Kaluka Maiava. Mays collected 53 total tackles and 8 pass deflections during the regular season. The defense shut down one of the most potent offenses in the country in the Rose Bowl, as the USC defeated Penn State 38– 24. The play of the game was a helmet-to-helmet hit by Mays on Jordan Norwood that knocked him out of the game and his teammate Kevin Thomas as well. Mays ended his junior season as a finalist for the Jim Thorpe Award, but was beaten out by Malcolm Jenkins.He was 3rd in the running, coming in behind Eric Berry. He was named to the All-American team by several sources, including the Associated Press and Rivals.com. On January 13, two days before the deadline for college players to declare for the draft, <mask> announced that he would return to USC. <mask>, who was thought to be a first-round pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, decided to return to USC to finish his education and to give his last chance at leading the team to a national title. Mays stated in an article that he wanted to play a different role in the defensive secondary that would make him more involved in the action. I would like to be closer to the action. Mays said that people who know football know his role on the defense, but he would like to be more involved this season.The usual duties of a free safety in Pete Carroll's defense calls for him to be a center fielder preventing plays from being made deep downfield, keeping him from doing much else in the box. Mays' last season at USC will be altered by Carroll, he said. He had a career-high 96 tackles in his last season at USC, which was one of the worst of his four years at the school. He was named an All-American by The Sporting News in October. Mays and the secondary were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The lack of playmaking and leadership by Mays has led experts to quote his stock for the upcoming NFL draft as one that is heavily slipping, though his pre-draft workouts are expected to impress NFL managers the league over. For the second year in a row, Mays was named First-team All-Pac 10 and for the third year in a row, he was named First-team All-America.Prior to his first season, Mays was considered one of the top talents for the 2010 NFL Draft and frequently drew comparisons to Adrian Wilson for his size and <mask> for his hitting ability. In the second quarter of the 2010 Senior Bowl, <mask> made his only highlight, intercepting Tony Pike, the quarterback of Cincinnati. Mays was projected to be an outside linebacker by some teams because of his defensive back skills and lack of pass coverage skills. During an interview with Steve Wyche of the NFL Network, Mays said that he would be willing to switch positions if needed. He was invited to the NFL Scouting Combine and ran the 40-yard dash in the fastest time among safeties. He had an unofficial time of 4.24 seconds. He did most of the drills at the combine, but skipped the three-cone drill and short shuttle.Mays only ran drills for team representatives and scouts at USC's pro day on March 31, 2010. Mays was projected to be a second round pick by the majority of NFL draft experts and scouts at the conclusion of the pre-draft process. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was the second best free safety prospect. Mays was selected in the second round by the San Francisco 49ers. Mays was the fifth safety drafted in 2010, behind Eric Berry, Earl Thomas, and T. J. There is a person named Ward.In an interview with the Sacramento Bee's Matt Barrows following the draft, Mays said that he believed the Seattle Seahawks would pick him with the 14th overall pick, instead of Earl Thomas. I know it's a business. He needs to be honest with himself. Mays said that he was only asking for that. Trent Baalke insisted that Michael Lewis would be the starter for the 2010 season despite the addition of Mays. Mays signed a four-year contract with the 49ers. After spending the first three games on special teams, coach Mike Singletary benched Lewis in favor of Reggie Smith and Mays who split time at the spot in the team's Week 4 match-up against the Atlanta Falcons.<mask> had a team-high 11 tackles in the game, but his most outstanding play was a special teams touchdown. <mask> was named the starter at strong safety after the game. On August 22, 2011, <mask> was traded to the Cincinnati Bengals for a seventh round pick. His trade after being drafted in the second round was questioned due to the firing of Mike Singletary. The majority of the 49er's organization decided a safety wasn't needed at that time. He played in all 16 games in 2012 and started 3 of them. He played 203 snaps in the season.Mays signed a one-year deal with a $40,000 signing bonus. Mays was re-signed by the Bengals. He played in all 16 games. He started 10 of the 16 games he played and made 98 tackles on defense and 6 pass-breakups. He made 21 tackles on special teams. He played at both safety positions as well as on the special teams. On March 24, 2015, the Minnesota Vikings signed Mays.He was released on June 16. The Detroit Lions signed <mask>. He was released by the team on August 21. <mask> joined the Oakland Raiders on August 25, 2015. He was released on September 5. On September 14, 2015, <mask> re-signed with the Raiders due to starting safeties being injured in the first regular season game. <mask> was a free agent and signed a one-year, $840,000 contract with Cincinnati.<mask> was suspended for the first four games of the 2016 NFL season for violating the league's substance abuse policy. On July 23, <mask> was released by the Bengals after learning that he would be suspended for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy again. Mays was added to the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the West Division of the Canadian Football League in October of last year. <mask> was released in April. He was in the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame on June 26, 2011. Mays was a member of The O'Dea High School Athletic Wall of Honor. The Mays family lives in Seattle.List of Jewish football players References External links Minnesota vikings bio USC Trojans bio 1988 births Living people All-American college football players American football safeties African-American Jews Track and field athletes from

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texts: The King of Spain was <mask>. He was the Duke of Parma and Piacenza, the King of Naples, and the King of Sicily. He was the oldest son of Philip's second wife, and the fifth son of Philip V of Spain. After the death of his half-brother Ferdinand VI, he succeeded to the Spanish throne. <mask> became the Duke of Parma and Piacenza in 1731 after the death of his grand-uncle Antonio Farnese. Princess Maria Amalia was the daughter of Augustus III of Poland and was educated. <mask>, heir to the Spanish throne, was one of eight children who reached adulthood.<mask> and Maria Amalia lived in Naples for 19 years. He gained valuable experience in his 25-year rule in Italy, so that he was well prepared for the throne of the Spanish Empire. His 30-year rule of Spain was marked by his policies in Italy. <mask> made reforms to increase the flow of funds to the crown and defend against foreign incursions as King of Spain. He promoted science and university research. He implemented policies to increase the power of the state. The Jesuits were expelled from the Spanish Empire.The Spanish army and navy were strengthened by him. Although he did not achieve complete control over Spain's finances, and was sometimes obliged to borrow to meet expenses, most of his reforms proved successful in providing increased revenue to the crown and expanding state power, leaving a lasting legacy. A series of sweeping reforms was enacted by the Spanish Empire in order to bring the overseas territories under the control of the central government. Reforms include the establishment of two new viceroyalties, realignment of administration into intendancies, creating a standing military, establishing new monopolies, revitalizing silver mining, and eliminating many privileges of clergy. Stanley Payne wrote that <mask> was the most successful European ruler of his generation. He had provided good leadership. His personal life had won the respect of the people.Thepaniards had to wait half a century before their government was saved by <mask>, according to John Lynch. The Treaty of Utrecht concluded the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713 and reduced the political and military power of Spain. The Spanish Empire was ceded to Hapsburg Austria, the Southern Netherlands, the kingdoms of Naples and Sardinia, and the State of Presidi under the terms of the treaty. The Kingdom of Great Britain gained the island of Menorca and the fortress at Gibraltar, while the House of Savoy gained the Kingdom of Sicily. Philip V, <mask>'s father, was King of Spain for the rest of his reign. Philip and the niece and stepdaughter of the Duke of Parma were married in 1714 after the death of the king's first wife. King Philip made Cardinal Giulio Alberoni the prime minister of Spain in 1715 after being influenced by his domineering consort.The Infante <mask> of Spain was born on January 20, 1716, at the Royal Alczar of Madrid. He was fourth in line to the Spanish throne, after Infante Luis, Prince of Asturias, Infante Felipe, and Ferdinand, the future Ferdinand VI. Due to the Duke of Parma and his heir being childless, Elisabeth sought the duchies of Parma and Piacenza for <mask>, since he was unlikely to be king of Spain. She wanted the Grand Duke of Tuscany because he was childless. <mask> had a claim to the title because he was a distant cousin of hers. The birth of <mask> encouraged Prime Minister Alberoni to plan for Europe. He ordered the Spanish to invade Sardinia.Alberoni ordered the invasion of Sicily, which was ruled by the House of Savoy. Infanta Mariana Victoria was the first sister of <mask>. The Duke of Savoy went to war with Spain after joining the Quadruple Alliance. Alberoni was dismissed by Philip in 1719. <mask> was recognized as heir to the Italian Duchies of Parma and Piacenza by the Treaty of The Hague in 1720. <mask> was third in line to the throne after Louis and Ferdinand after Infante Philip Peter died. He succeeded to the Spanish throne after they died.Infante Philip of Spain was born on March 15, 1720. The Duke of Orléans, the French regent, was negotiating with King Philip to arrange Franco-Spanish marriages that could ease tensions. The young Louis XV of France would marry the three-year-old Infanta Mariana Victoria and thus she would become Queen of France; <mask>'s half brother Louis would marry the fourth surviving daughter of the regent. Philippine Elisabeth was the fifth daughter of the Duke of Orléans. In 1726 <mask> met Philippine lisabeth for the first time and later wrote to the regent and his wife about it. Austria is the main opponent for influence on the Italian peninsula. She proposed to <mask> that the Infante <mask> marry the eight-year-old Archduchess Maria Theresa and that her second surviving son, the Infante Philip, marry the seven-year-old Archduchess Maria Anna.The alliance of Spain and Austria was signed on 30 April 1725 and included Spanish support for the Pragmatic Sanction, a document drafted by Emperor <mask> in 1713 to assure support for Maria Theresa in the succession to the throne of the Habsburgs. All claims to the Spanish throne were relinquished by the emperor and he promised to support Spain in its attempts to regain Gibraltar. The marriage plans of Elisabeth Farnese were abandoned after the signing of the Treaty of Seville in 1729. The Infante <mask> had the right to occupy Parma, Piacenza, and Tuscany if necessary. Philip V formed an alliance with France and Great Britain. Enrichetta d'Este, the widow of Antonio Farnese, was thought to be pregnant at the time of his death. The doctors didn't know if the Duchess was pregnant.Infante <mask> was officially recognized as Duke of Parma and Piacenza by the Second Treaty of Vienna. The lieutenant of Parma, Count Carlo Stampa, occupied the duchy. He was known as <mask> of Spain, Duke of Parma and Infante of Spain. His maternal grandmother was named regent since he was a minor. The sword of gold was given to Philip V of Spain by his grandfather Louis XIV of France before his departure to Spain in 1700. On 20 October 1731, <mask> left Spain and traveled overland to Antibes, arriving at Livorno on 27 December 1731. The Grand Duke of Tuscany gave <mask> a warm welcome even though he was the second in line to inherit Tuscany.<mask> was taken ill on his way to Florence. On 9 March 1732, <mask> made a grand entrance to the Medici capital of Florence with a retinue of 250 people. The Palazzo Pitti was where he stayed. St. John the Baptist is the patron saint of Florence. At this fte, <mask> was given the title of Hereditary Prince of Tuscany, and he paid homage to the Florentine senate. When <mask> VI heard about the ceremony, he was angry because he was overlord of Tuscany and the nomination should have been his. Despite the celebrations, Farnese urged her son to go to Parma, where he was warmly greeted.Parma Resurget was written on the front of the palace. Carlo Frugoni created the play La Venuta di Ascanio. It was performed at the Farnese Theatre. The death of Augustus II, King of Poland, in 1733 caused a succession crisis in Poland. Austria and Russia were supported by France. France and Savoy formed an alliance. Spain entered the conflict with France in the late 1733s.The Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily were lost to Spain in the Treaty of Utrecht. <mask>, who was 18 at the time, was free to govern and to manage in a manner independent of its states. He shared a position with the Duke of Montemar as commander of all Spanish troops in Italy. King Philip claimed that he would free the Kingdom of Naples from oppression and tyranny by the Austrian Viceroy. <mask> was to be in charge. <mask> marched toward Naples after inspecting the Spanish troops at Perugia. The Papal States were ruled by Clement XII.The Austrians were fighting the French and Savoyard armies to retain Lombardy and had limited resources for the defense of Naples. Most of the Neapolitan nobility were against the Emperor and against his viceroy. They hoped that Philip would give the kingdom to <mask>, who would be more likely to live and rule there, rather than having a viceroy and serve a foreign power. Procida and Ischia were taken by the Spanish on 9 March. The Austrians were defeated at sea a week later. His army closed in on the Austrians in Naples. The Austrians were forced to withdraw from their defensive position by the Spanish.<mask> and his troops were able to advance onto the city of Naples. The Austrian viceroy, Giulio Borromeo Visconti, and the commander of his army, Giovanni Carafa, left some garrisons holding the city's fortresses and withdrew to Apulia. They were ready to defeat the Spanish. The Austrian-held fortresses were attacked by the Spanish. The city keys and the privilege book were given to <mask> by a delegation of the city's elected officials. It was reported that Naples was captured "with humanity" and that the combat was only due to a general climate of courtesy between the two armies. Even though <mask> had no military experience, he could only be persuaded to attend a review.<mask> arrived in Naples on May 10, 1734, through the old city gate at Capuana, surrounded by a group of people who threw money to the locals. The procession went through the streets and ended up at the Cathedral of Naples, where <mask> received a blessing. The Royal Palace was built by <mask> of Spain. The Florentine Bartolomeo Intrieri and the Venetian Cesare Vignola were both chroniclers of the era. According to Intrieri, the crowd cried out " His Royal Highness is beautiful, that his face is as the one of San Gennaro on the statue that the representative is" when he arrived. Vignola wrote that there were only some acclamations and that the crowd applauded with a lot of languors. King Philip V of Spain wrote a letter to <mask>.The beginning of the letter was "To the King of Naples, My Son, and My Brother". After two centuries of viceroys, <mask> defeated the Austrians on 25 May 1734 at Bitonto. Austrian troops were able to escape to the sea while other troops were captured after they fled to Bari. The Duke of Montemar, <mask>'s army commander, was named the Duke of Bitonto on 30 May, after Naples was illuminated for three nights.The city of Bitonto has an obelisk that commemorates the battle. The towns of L'Aquila and Pescara were conquered by <mask> after the fall of Reggio Calabria. Gaeta and Capua were the last Austrian fortresses. The Siege of Gaeta ended on August 6. The Duke of Montemar left the mainland for Sicily three weeks later, arriving in Palermo on September 2, 1734, to begin the conquest of the island's Austrian-held fortresses. von Traun held on to Capua until 24 November 1734. Independence from the Austrians was popular in the kingdom.Parma was ceded to Holy Roman Emperor <mask> in 1735 in exchange for his recognition as King of Naples and Sicily. The Neapolitan court had a dispute with the Holy See over jurisdiction, clerical appointments, and revenues. The Kingdom of Naples was a fief of the Papal States. Pope Clement XII considered himself the only one who could invest in the king of Naples, so he did not recognize <mask> of Bourbon as a legitimate leader. The Pope told <mask> that the nomination he received from his father, Philip V, King of Spain, was not valid. The papal investiture was not necessary because the crowning of a king could not be considered a sacramental event. The situation worsened when the Pope decided to accept the traditional offering of a horse from the Holy Roman Emperor rather than from <mask>.The Pope was offered a sum of money and a white mare by the King of Naples every June at the feast of Saints Peter and Paul. The Emperor was considered still de jure King of Naples because he hadn't yet been recognized as ruler of the Kingdom of Naples by a peace treaty. While receiving a Bourbon from the Holy Roman Empire was unusual, it was common to receive the Hackney from the Holy Roman Empire. The Pope provoked the wrath of the religious Spanish infante by considering a less dramatic gesture. <mask> landed in Sicily. Although the Bourbon conquest of the island was not complete, he was crowned King of the Two Sicilies on 3 July in the ancient Cathedral of Palermo, after having traveled overland to Palmi, and by sea from Palmi to Palermo. The pope's authority was bypassed thanks to the legation of Sicily, a medieval privilege which ensured the island a special legal autonomy from the Church.<mask> would have wanted the papal legate to attend the ceremony. There was a new conflict between Rome and Naples in March 1735. The Bourbons kept Roman citizens in the basement of Palazzo Farnese, which was the personal property of King <mask>, and people were brought there to impress them into the Neapolitan army. The palace was liberated by thousands of inhabitants in the town of Trastevere. The riot turned into pillage. The crowd directed itself towards the embassy of Spain. Several Bourbon soldiers were killed, including an officer.The population of Velletri attacked Spanish troops on the road to Naples. The Bourbon court felt that the episode was disrespectful. The Spanish and Neapolitan ambassadors left Rome, as well as the nuncios from Madrid and Naples. The Papal States were invaded by the Bourbon troops. The civil guard was doubled and some of the gates of Rome were barred because of a threat. Velletri had to pay 8000 crowns for the occupation. Palestrina paid a 16,000 crown ransom to avoid being sacked.A delegation of prisoners from Trastevere and Velletri will be sent to Naples as compensation. After just a few days in jail, the papal subjects were granted a royal pardon. Through the mediation of its ambassador in Rome, Cardinal Acquaviva, the archbishop Giuseppe Spinelli and the chaplain, the Neapolitan king was able to iron out his differences with the Pope. The agreement was achieved in 1738. After the death of Pope Clement XIV in 1740, he was replaced by Pope Benedict XIV, who allowed the creation of a concordat with the Kingdom of Naples. This allowed the taxation of certain property of the clergy, the reduction of the number of the ecclesiastical, and the limitation of their immunity and autonomy of justice through the creation of a mixed tribunal. <mask> was the seventh king of that name to rule Naples, but he never styled himself <mask>.Carlo di Borbone was known as <mask> of Bourbon. It was intended to emphasize that he was the first king of Naples to live there, and to mark the discontinuity between him and previous rulers named <mask>, specifically his predecessor, the Habsburg <mask>. He was known as <mask> of Sicily and Jerusalem, but the people of Sicily rebelled against him. Peace with Austria was concluded in October of 1735. The Treaty of Vienna ended the War of the Polish Succession in three years. <mask> gave up Parma and Tuscany in return for Naples and Sicily. Tuscany was inherited in 1737 by <mask>.Tuscany was given to Emperor <mask>'s son-in-law, Francis Stephen, as compensation for ceding the Duchy of Lorraine to the deposed Polish King. The House of Farnese's goods were transferred to Naples in the treaty. The collection of artwork, the archives and the ducal library, the cannons of the fort, and even the marble stairway of the ducal palace were

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texts: all taken with him. The peace between Austria and <mask> was signed in Vienna. The death of Emperor <mask> left his Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary to his daughter Maria Theresa, and he hoped the many signatories to the Pragmatic Sanction would not interfere with this succession. The War of the Austrian Succession broke out because this was not the case. Prussia, Spain and France were against Maria Theresa.George II of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Sardinia supported Maria Theresa. <mask> wanted to stay neutral during the conflict, but his father wanted him to help the French. <mask> arranged for 10,000 Spanish soldiers to be sent to Italy under the command of the Duke of Castropignano, but they had to retreat when a Royal Navy squadron threatened to bombard Naples if they didn't stay out of the conflict. The decision to remain neutral was poorly received by the French and his father in Spain. Infante Felipe had taken arms as his parents encouraged him to. <mask> took the command of an army against the Austrian armies at a time when they were marching towards the Neapolitan border. The pro-Austrian party in Naples was opposed by a new council formed under the direction of Tanucci that resulted in the arrest of more than 800 people.Maria Theresa promised pardons and other benefits for those who rose against the "usurpers" when she addressed the Neapolitans in April. The Battle of Velletri took place on 11 August, when Neapolitan troops directed by <mask> and the Duke of Castropignano and Spanish troops under the Count of Pledges defeated the Austrians. The King of Sardinia wrote that <mask> showed a worthy consistency of his blood and behaved beautifully. The Duke of Parma title was assured to Infante Felipe by the victory at Velletri. Infante Felipe became the Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed. The impact of rule in Naples and Sicily left a lasting legacy on his kingdom. <mask> began internal reforms in Naples before moving on to peninsular Spain and the Spanish Empire.His chief minister in Naples had a lot of influence over him. The solution to <mask>'s acceding to the throne was found by Tanucci and he implemented a policy limiting the privileges of the clergy. 80% of the land in his realm was owned by the church and therefore tax-exempt. Landlords register their properties with the church to take advantage of tax exemptions. Rural tenants were under the control of their landlords. The exploitation of their position allowed low paid employees to supplement their income by tax farming. At all levels, corruption was institutionalized.After centuries of foreign domination, <mask> encouraged the development of skilled craftsmen in Naples and Sicily. <mask> was recognized for creating apolitan nation and building a kingdom. He instituted reforms that were more administrative, more social and more religious than the kingdom had seen before. The Cardinal Spinelli bought domains that were used to introduce the Inquisition, though this was not popular and required intervention by <mask>. <mask> was the most popular king for a long time. He was an Enlightenment king because he was very supportive of the people's needs. <mask> created the "commerce council" that negotiated with the Ottomans, Swedes, French, and Dutch in order to bring the kingdom out of difficult economic conditions.He founded an insurance company and tried to start the exploitation of the natural resources. The Jews were invited to return to Sicily from where they had been expelled in 1492 by King <mask> in a 37 paragraph proclamation. Though a few Jews came to Sicily, even though there was no legal impediment to their living there, they felt their lives were in danger and went back to Turkey. The Jewish community of Sicily, which flourished in the Middle East, was not re-established despite the King's goodwill. The King clearly repudiated a past policy of religious intolerance by making this symbolic gesture. The expulsion of the Jews from Sicily had been done in order to get rid of them in Spain. The Kingdom of Naples was neutral during the Seven Years' War.William Pitt wanted to create an Italian league where Naples and Sardinia would fight against Austria, but <mask> wouldn't participate. This choice was sharply criticized by the Neapolitan Ambassador in Turin, who wrote: "The position of Italian matters is not more beautiful; but it is worsened by the fact that the King of Naples and the King of Sardinia, adding troops to larger forces of the others, could." Pasquale Paoli, the general of Corsican pro-independence rebels, was an officer of the Neapolitan army and the Genoese one suspected that he received the assistance of the kingdom of Naples. He built palaces around Naples. <mask> was enamored with the Palace of Versailles and the Royal Palace of Madrid. He oversaw the construction of the Palace of Caserta, one of Europe's most lavish palaces. Construction ideas for the palace began when he was 35 years old.He liked the site because it reminded him of San Ildefonso, where the Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso was located. Caserta was influenced by his wife. The volcano of Mount Vesuvius was a constant threat to the capital, as was the sea. The foundation stone of the palace was laid by <mask> on his 36th birthday. The Palace of Portici, the Teatro di San Carlo, and the Palace of Capodimonte were all built by him. The Capodimonte porcelain Factory was built in the city by him and his wife. The Ercolanesi Academy and the Naples National Archaeological Museum were founded by him.Stabiae and Pompeii were re-discovered during his rule. After moving to Spain, the king continued to be informed about the findings. The first person to read obtained scrolls from the Villa of the Papyri was Camillo Paderni, who was in charge of excavated items at the King's Palace in Portici. After <mask> left for Spain, Minister Tanucci presided over the Council of Regency that ruled until Ferdinand was 16. <mask> was not expected to ascend to the throne of Spain since his father had sons who were more likely to rule. As the first son of his father's second wife, <mask> benefited from his mother's ambition that he has a kingdom to rule, an experience that served him well when he ascended to the throne of Spain and ruled the Spanish Empire. Ferdinand VI, <mask>'s half brother, was displaying the same symptoms of depression that their father used to suffer from.Ferdinand lost his wife, Barbara of Portugal, in August 1758 and fell into deep mourning. He left Madrid to stay at Villaviciosa de Odn, where he died on August 10, 1759. <mask> was proclaimed King of Spain under the name <mask>. The third Treaty of Vienna stated that he wouldn't be able to join the Neapolitan and Sicilian territories to the Spanish throne. <mask> was given the title of Lord of the Two Sicilies. The possessions of Naples and Sicily were divided between Maria Theresa and Philip, Duke of Parma, as a result of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. In 1758, <mask> and Maria Theresa signed the Fourth Treaty of Versailles in order to maintain the hold of his descendants on the court of Naples.<mask> <mask> of Sardinia continued to press for the possible gain of Plaisance and even threatened to occupy it. <mask> deployed troops on the borders of the Papal States in order to protect the Duchy of Parma. Thanks to the mediation of Louis XV, <mask> gave up his claims to Plaisance in exchange for financial compensation. <mask> assured the succession of one of his sons and reduced his ambitions at the same time. This was a fatal blow to the hopes and designs of the king of Sardinia. Infante Philip, Duke of Calabria, the eldest son of <mask>, had learning difficulties and was taken out of the line of succession to any throne. <mask> was given the title of Prince of Asturias.Ferdinand was given the right of succession to Naples and Sicily, but he would stay in Italy while his father was in Spain. On 6 October 1759, <mask> abdicated the crowns of Naples and Sicily to Ferdinand. <mask> left his son's education and care to a council made up of eight people who would rule the kingdom until the young king was 16 years old. <mask> and his wife arrived in Barcelona. He came to the throne of Spain with a lot of experience after twenty years in the Italian Peninsula. Internal politics, as well as diplomatic relationships with other countries, underwent complete reform. <mask> was a new type of ruler.This was a form of absolute monarchy in which rulers applied the principles of the Enlightenment to their territories. They allowed religious toleration, freedom of speech, and the right to hold private property. The arts, sciences, and education were all fostered by most. Other monarchs, including Maria Theresa of Austria, her son Joseph, and Catherine the Great of Russia, shared these ideals with <mask>. The principles of the Enlightenment were applied to his rule in Naples, and he intended to do the same in Spain. Along with the help of other people, <mask> went about his reform. Spain became a nation state rather than a collection of kingdoms and territories under <mask>'s rule.His Bourbon predecessors had started this process. The special privileges of the Kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia were abolished by Philip V and ruled by the Council of Castile. Philip V abolished the Generalitat de Catalunya, banned the Catalan language from official use, and mandated the use of Castilian Spanish in legal affairs. The Cortes of Spain was incorporated into the formerly privileged entities. The standing of the nation as a single political entity was further solidified when <mask> became king of Spain. He created the national anthem and a flag, a capital city worthy of the name, and the construction of a network of roads connecting Madrid. The Marcha Real was to be used in official ceremonies according to <mask> III.The current flag of Spain has two red stripes above and below a central yellow stripe and arms of Len and Castile. The navy's flag was introduced by the king. Spanish vessels had a white flag with the arms of the Bourbons. <mask> thought it looked too similar to the flags of other nations. Bourbon Spain, like their Habsburg predecessors, were drawn into European conflicts. The idea that the power of Great Britain would decrease and that of Spain and France would increase was brought about by the traditional friendship with Bourbon France. <mask> was worried that the British success in the Seven Years War would upset the balance of power and they were going to declare war against the Spanish Empire as well.New France wasceded to Britain by the French government as a result of the conflict. Spain entered the war in the early 17th century. Both the capture of Jamaica and the invasion of Portugal were failures by the Spanish. The cities of Havana, Cuba, and Manila in the Philippines were captured by Britain and Portugal after the Spanish attack on Portugal. The French leadership persuaded <mask> to stop fighting. Florida was ceded to Great Britain in exchange for the return of Havana and Manila in the 1763 Treaty of Paris. France gave a portion of Louisiana to Spain in order to compensate for Spain's war losses.Britain's easy victories in capturing Spanish ports prompted Spain to create a standing army and local militias in key parts of Spanish America. The Spanish came close to war with Great Britain after expelling the British garrison of the Falkland Islands. When the British Royal Navy was called in, Spain was forced to back down. The First Treaty of San Ildefonso was signed on October 1st, 1777, in which Spain got the land of the Misiones Orientales in present-day Brazil, but not the western regions of Brazil. Concerns about the intrusions of British and Russian merchants into Spain's colonies in California prompted the extension of Franciscan missions to Alta California. Despite his reservations, he supported the American revolutionaries in their war of independence despite the fact that it would set a bad example for Spain's overseas territories. Spain failed in their attempt to capture Gibraltar, but recovered Menorca and West Florida during the war.Spanish military operations on the Mississippi River helped the Colonies secure their southern and western frontiers during the war. Spain was able to recover East Florida during peace negotiations because of the capture of Nassau in the Bahamas. The recovery of the Floridas and Menorca was confirmed by the Treaty of Paris of 1783. <mask> had ministers who helped craft his reform policies. He appointed Italians, including the Duke of Grimaldi, who supported reforms by the Count of Campomanes. The Count of Floridablanca was the minister after <mask>'s death. The Council of Castile was dominated by the Count of Aranda.The internal government was beneficial to the country. When the people of Madrid objected, he said they were like children who cried when their faces were washed. <mask> was named secretary to the Finances at the time of his accession to Spain. Despite the losses from the Seven Years War, the Spanish Army and Navy were reorganized. The tax on flour was eliminated by <mask>. The overlord charged high prices because of the "monopolizers" speculating on the bad harvests of the previous years. The reason for the riot was his attempt to force the madrileos to adopt French dress for public security reasons.The government was in the hands of the Count of Aranda after he left Aranjuez. Some of his reforms were not formal. <mask> was told by the Count of Campomanes that the Jesuits were the true leaders of the revolt. The Jesuits were expelled from Spain due to their large wealth and power, and all their possessions were taken away. The memory of those with the Pope while he was King of Naples turned him towards a general policy of restriction of what the Church could do. The Spanish Inquisition, though not abolished, was rendered torpid because the number of reputedly inactive clergy was reduced. Legislation that restricted trade and industry was abolished and roads, canals, and drainage works were built.The country prospered even though many of his paternal ventures led to little more than the wasting of money or the creation of jobbery. The result was largely due to the king who, even when ill-advised, did at least work steadily at his task of government. In order to make Spain's colonies more competitive, <mask> wanted to reform Spanish colonial policy. The "Cdigos Negros Espaoles" were created by this. The Black Codes were based on the French Code Noir and Castilian Siete Partidas in order to establish legal control over slaves in the Spanish colonies. The first code was written for Santo Domingo in 1768, while the second code was written for Louisiana in 1769. The "Cdigo Negro Carolino" code divided the freed black and slave populations of Santo Domingo into separate socio-economic classes.He was trying to improve the services and facilities of his people in Spain. He opened the Real Fbrica del Buen Retiro in 1760, followed by the Real Fbrica de Cristales de La Granja in 1786, and finally the Real Fbrica de Platera Martnez in 1788. The areas of Asturias and Catalonia produced a lot of revenue for the

masks:
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles III
Charles
Charles
Charles Emanuel
III
Charles
Charles Emanuel
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles


texts: Spanish economy. He looked towards his colonies in the Americas. He looked at the finances of the Philippines and encouraged commerce with the United States. He had the Imperial Canal of Aragon constructed, as well as a number of routes that led to the capital of Madrid, which is located in the center of Spain. New structures such as hospitals and the Archivo General de Indias were introduced in other cities during his reign.He was nicknamed "el Mejor Alcalde de Madrid" in Madrid. The University of Santo Toms in Manila was granted the title "Royal University" by <mask>. The Puerta de Alcal was built in the capital and the Real Jardn Botnico de Madrid was moved. The Museo del Prado was built as well as the National Art Museum of QueenSofia, which was named in honor of the current Queen of Spain. He added a wing to the palace at Aranjuez. The Spanish Lottery and Christmas cribs were created by him. The movement to found "Economic Societies" was born during his reign.The Royal Palace of Madrid underwent many changes under his rule. The old apartments of Queen Maria Amalia were taken over by the Comedor de Gala, which was built during his reign. He died in the palace. The Spanish Empire was called "improbable" since Iberian Spain had been poor and did not have natural endowments. When the first Habsburg monarch <mask> of Spain became king in 1516, most of the European portion of the empire was under Spanish rule. <mask> ruled the Philippines and Spanish America after the territories were separated. After the end of the Seven Years' War in which Havana and Manila were captured by the British, the policies that centralized the Spanish state on the Iberian peninsula were extended to its overseas territories.The relationship between the Iberian metropole Spanish American and Philippine possessions was reformed by <mask>'s predecessors to create a centralized and unified empire. The Seven Years' War showed <mask> that Spain's military wasn't strong enough for a war with Britain. Military defense of the empire was a top priority. Spain regained its ports of Havana, Cuba, and Manila in the Philippines after the peace treaty of 1763 ended the Seven Years' War. Revenue was needed to support the establishment of a military. The sales tax was raised from 2% to 5%. Havana and other Caribbean ports were allowed to trade with other Spanish ports in order to increase trade.Spain wanted to undermine Britain's secret trade with Spanish America and gain more revenue for the crown. The inspector general of New Spain was sent by <mask> to find ways to extract more revenue from the country's richest overseas possession. The position gave the holder more power than the viceroy. The Minister of the Indies, Glvez, replaced the old system of governance with administrative districts and centralized crown control. The Italian minister of <mask>'s Jesuits was hated in Spain because he was responsible for policies that many Spaniards opposed. The Society of Jesus was blamed for the riots in 1766, but they were actually caused by the minister. <mask> expelled the Jesuits from Spain in the 18th century.In Spanish America, the impact was significant since the Jesuits were a wealthy and powerful religious order, owning lucrative haciendas that produced revenue funding its missions on the frontier and its educational institutions. The most wealthy and prestigious religious order that educated their sons and accepted a few into their ranks was consigned to Italian exile for American-born Spaniards. Jesuit properties, including thriving haciendas, were seized, the colleges educating their sons closed, and frontier missions were turned over to other religious orders. The expulsion was a blow to the empire. <mask> received a strict and structured education from a Spanish Infante and was often in awe of his domineering mother. The Doge of Venice and Ambassador of Venice to Naples stated that he received an education removed from all studies and applications in order to be able to govern himself. He was educated in a wide range of physical activities, including painting, printmaking, and hunting.Sir Horatio Mann, a British diplomat in Florence said that he was impressed with <mask>' love for the sport. The Bourbon nose that he had been given from his father's side of the family dominated his appearance. He was described as a brown boy who had a lean face with a bulging nose and was known for his happy and enthusiastic personality. When <mask> became King of Naples and Sicily, his mother sought brides for him. Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony, daughter of the newly elected Polish king <mask> and his Austrian wife Maria Josepha, was chosen as the bride because it was impossible to get an Archduchess of Austria as a bride. The only alternative to an Austrian marriage was Maria Josepha's marriage. Maria Amalia was only 13 at the time.On October 31, 1737, the marriage date was confirmed. In May 1738, Maria Amalia was married by proxy to her brother Frederick Christian. The marriage was looked upon favorably by the Holy See and ended the diplomatic disagreement with <mask>. The couple met for the first time at Portella, a village on the frontier of the kingdom. The festivities ended on 3 July. The most prestigious order of chivalry in the kingdom was created by <mask>. The Order of Charles III was created in Spain.The death of Maria Amalia was the first crisis that <mask> had to deal with as king of Spain. She died at the Palace of Buen Retiro on the eastern outskirts of Madrid at the age of 35. She was buried in the royal crypt. His actions and works had an effect on other Spanish nobles. King <mask> had a caustic tongue and took a cynical view of humanity, but he was a regular in his domestic life. He loved hunting. He had disagreements with his son and daughter-in-law.The Pantheon of the Kings is located at the Royal Monastery of El Escorial. The rule of <mask> was not sustained after his death. <mask> enacted reforms to revivify Spain's economy and strengthen its empire after he ascended the throne. The eruption of the French Revolution in July 1789 was months before he died. <mask> didn't give his son or heir any skills or experience in governance. <mask> was forced to abdicate by his son Ferdinand VII of Spain and was imprisoned by Napoleon Bonaparte who invaded Spain in 1812. The King of Spain used his arms until 1931, when his great-great-great grandson Alphonso <mask> lost the crown, and the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed.Felipe VI of Spain is a descendant of four of his great-great-grandparents. Felipe VI is related to Maria Theresa of Austria. Charles III University of Madrid, established in 1989 and one of the world's top 300 universities, is named after him. The University of New Mexico Press published "Thomas E. Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift" in 2002. Nicholas Henderson. "<mask> of Spain: An Enlightened Despot" was published in 1968. Issue 10 and Issue 11 were written by Richard.In Spain: A History, there is a book titled "Flow and Ebb, 1700-1833". Raymond Carr. Oxford University Press was published in 2000. Richard. There was a revolution in Spain during the 18th century. The University Press of Princeton. Llein, Horst.2019. <mask> was the Simple and his Predecessors. There is a map in Cologne. Stanley J. and Barbara H. Stein were married. Spain and New Spain were part of the Apogee of Empire. The University Press of Baltimore. The architecture and statecraft of <mask> Bourbon's Naples was written by Robin L. Thomas.The 18th-century Spanish monarchs included the Kings of Sicily and the Dukes of

masks:
Charles
Charles I
Charles III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Augustus III
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles III
Charles III
Charles III
Charles IV
XIII
Charles III
Charles III
Charles of


texts: <mask> is an American professional wrestler who competes in North American independent promotions including New York Wrestling Connection, Ohio Valley Wrestling, and Ohio Championship Wrestling. He appeared on Monday Night Raw as one of Vince McMahon's personal security guards, as well as appearing on World Wrestling Entertainment's on-camera personality in early 2007, where he was one of The Undertaker's druids. As a child growing up in Farmingville, New York, Raige was a fan of WWF Superstars of Wrestling and WWF Wrestling Challenge as well as attending events at Nassau Coliseum. He began teaching English and journalism at Smithtown High School in 1994 after graduating from the State University of New York at Oswego with a degree in communications studies. <mask> began training at Critical Mass Pro Wrestling on January 7, 2003 after watching MTV's Tough Enough and becoming interested in a career in professional wrestling. He began wrestling in the New York area with NWA Cyberspace and the New York Wrestling Connection after training with Team Taz. He wrestled at the first MXW Pro Wrestling show.He left his teaching job and began wrestling full-time after appearing on the cover of Newsday. On January 29, 2005, Rodz N' Rage defeated Wayne & Tyler Payne to win the NYWC Tag Team Championship. After being seen by World Wrestling Entertainment road agents at an NYWC event, he was invited to a tryout match in February 2005 and later offered to join Ohio Valley Wrestling as part of the WWE developmental program. In Louisville, Kentucky, he split his time between New York and OVW, and he and Dickie Rodz retained the NYWC Tag Team titles despite being defeated by Supreme Lee Great and Thrillology at an NWA Cyberspace. One of over 30 wrestlers attending an OVW/WWE tryout camp headed by Jim Cornette, Danny Davis, Tom Prichard and Rip Rogers between April 15 INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals He would drive from New York to New Jersey to defeat Prince Nana at the NWA Cyberspace Retribution '99 supercard. He and Rodz lost the tag team titles on June 4, 2005, despite retaining them through disqualification on May 21.Raige had to be escorted from the building by security on June 25 after a tag team match ended in a no contest. Raige made his first appearance on WWE television as a security guard during a brawl between Edge and Matt Hardy at the Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey on July 11. Raige lost to Plazma and Team 3-D in a 6-man tag team match on September 23 and then lost to Stockade in the main event on October 8. A severe head would require 12 stitches after Raige was attacked by Dickie Rodz with a steel chair. On December 17, 2005, Raige defeated Dan Dynasty in a match that was violent, after being suspended from the promotion for fighting with The Solution and Dickie Rodz. Raige destroyed Dynasty on a bed of barbed-wire. In his debut on Ohio Valley Wrestling, he and J-Mann lost a 6-man tag team match to The Riggs Brothers and the following night, they were defeated by Pat Buck and Ogre.Raige teaming with Damian Dragon, MEGA, Joey Braggiol and Mikey Whipwreck defeated Mike Spinelli, Tony Burma, Havok, Papadon, John Shane and Dickie Rodz in a 10-man "Psycho Circus" elimination match. Raige signed a developmental contract with the WWE after a three-hour tryout match with Tommy Dreamer and Dean Malenko at the Nassau Coliseum. He relinquished the title on May 24 due to his commitments in Ohio Valley Wrestling, but he continued his feud with Rodz, who defeated him in a second match on March 18. On April 9, he lost a tag team match with Discord to Roadkill and Kasey James, but came back the next day to win an 8-man tag team match. They were together on April 22. In the next few months he would split his time between New York and OVW losing to The Riggs Brothers in a tag team match on April 26 as well as to Boris Alexiev on May 17 before suffering a torn adductor magnus in his upper thigh. He continued wrestling despite the injury and, while taking two weeks off, he returned to competition and tore the muscle that kept him out for three months.He lost to Jacob Duncan in a handicap. After losing to Paul Birchill in a dark match on November 8, he returned to New York but failed to regain the NYWC title. He defeated Damian Adams in a handicap match on December 1 to become the number one contender to the OCW Heavyweight Championship, but lost to Charles Evans and Justin LaRoche in a tag team match at an OVW television taping on January 7. Raige lost to Jamie Van Lemer and The Big Deal in the annual 10-man "Psycho Circus" elimination match on January 27. On February 3, 2007, he defeated Vinny Viagra for the OCW Heavyweight Championship. Raige appeared on Monday Night Raw as a personal security guard for Vince McMahon. After losing to Scott Cardinal and Steve Lewington in a dark match on March 21, he appeared on Monday Night Raw as part of Melina's team.He successfully defended the OCW Heavyweight Championship against Tank Toland the following night after a second appearance with The Taker. He defeated Jacob Duncan in a dark match at an OVW television taping on May 23 and at a Derby City Wrestling event on June 27. The New York Wrestling Connection title was won by the NYWC Tag Team Championship. Media watch me because you can't stop me. It is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is possible that it is A man named <mask>ge. There is a DVD.MasonRaige.com was founded in 2006 <mask>'s profile is at Online World of Wrestling Other Superstars.

masks:
Mason Raige
Raige
Mason Rai
Mason Raige


texts: The 1971 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to <mask> for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process. The transformation of economics into an empirical science and the formation of quantitative economic history was made possible by <mask>. <mask> was born in the town of Pinsk in the year 1901, in the Russian Empire. He finished his education at the Realschule of present-day Ukraine. In 1918, he studied economics, statistics, history and mathematics at the Kharkiv Institute of Commerce. Basic academic courses at the Institute helped him to acquire exceptional erudition in economics, as well as in history, demography, statistics and natural sciences. According to the institute's curriculum, development of the national economies had to be analyzed in the wider context of changes in connected spheres and with involvement of proper methods and empirical data.He was exposed to Joseph Schumpeter's theory of innovation and the business cycle while studying economics. The Civil War and reorganizations undertaken by the Soviet authorities in the sphere of higher education interrupted the normal course in the institute. It is known that he joined the Department of Labor of UZHBURO (South Bureau) of the Central Council of Trade Unions after completing his studies at the institute. He published his first scientific paper, "Monetary wages and salaries of factory workers in Kharkov in 1920", which explored the dynamics of different types of wages by industries. The <mask> family moved to the United States in 1922. At Columbia University, <mask> studied under the guidance of Mitchell. He received a B.S.In 1923, M.A. In 1924 and 1926. He defended the essay "Economic system of Dr. Schumpeter, presented and analyzed" as his magister thesis. As a Research Fellow at the Social Science Research Council, <mask> studied economic patterns in prices. His book " Secular Movements in Production and Prices" was published in 1930 after he defended his thesis. He worked for the National Bureau of Economic Research until 1961. From 1931 until 1936, <mask> was a professor at the University of Pennsylvania.He was elected a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1937. He became a full-time professor at the University of Pennsylvania in 1936 after serving as a chapter officer of the Pi Gamma Mu social science honor society. He was the Professor of Political Economy at the University until 1960. He taught at Harvard from 1961 to 1970. A number of research organizations and government agencies collaborated with Kuznets. The first official estimate of the US national income was given by the NBER in 1931–1934. The Conference on Research Income and Wealth was established in 1936 and the International Association for Research was established in 1947.During the Second World War, <mask> was the associate director of the Bureau of Planning and Statistics. The capacity to expand military production was assessed by him. Researchers used national income accounting together with a rough form of linear programming to measure the potential for increased production and the sources from which it would come and to identify the materials that were binding constraints on expansion. He was an advisor to the governments of China, Japan, India, Korea, Taiwan, and Israel in the establishment of their national systems of economic information. The Social Science Research Council is a part of the Growth Center of Yale University. He was the Chairman of the Falk Project for Economic Research in Israel from 1953 to 1963, as well as a member of the Board of Trustees and the Chairman of Social Science Research. The President of the American Economic Association was an honorable member of the Association of Economic History, the Royal Statistical Society of England and the Econometric Society.He received the medal of Francis Walker. <mask> died at the age of 84. The university where he studied economics in 1918–1921 was named after him. The emergence of quantitative economic history, the development of statistical methods of research, and the formation of modern economic science are all associated with his name. The so-called Keynesian revolution is credited with the work of <mask>. <mask>' views and scientific methodology were influenced by methodological settings received by him in Kharkiv and fully shared by Mitchell for the statistical construction of hypotheses in economics and its empirical testing. The priori and speculative conceptions were treated with skepticism.The method of analyzing economy in connection with the wider context of historical situation, demographic, and social processes was peculiar to the Kharkiv academics at the beginning of the 20th century. Leading theorists such as Joseph A. Schumpeter, A. C. Pigou, and Vilfredo Pareto were influenced by their work. <mask> was familiar with the economics of Russia and Ukraine in the early 20th century. He translated the papers of Kondratiev, Slutsky, Pervushin, Weinstein. They were little known in the West. The study of long series of economic dynamics in the USA in the mid-1920s was the first major research project in which <mask> was involved. The period from 1865 to 1925 was covered by the collected data.The majority of economic processes were described by the characteristics of the curves with reasonable accuracy in the analysis of time series approximating Gompertz and Logistic curves. He was able to identify medium-term extended cycles of economic activity, which lasted 15–25 years and had an intermediate position between the Kondratyev "long waves" and short business cycles. The dynamics of population, the construction industry performance, capital, national income data and other variables were analyzed to determine the nature of these cycles. The "Kuznets cycles" and "long swings in the economy's growth rate" are what economists and economic historians call these movements. There is a special case of Kondratiev wave. In 1931, at Mitchell's request, <mask> took charge of the NBER's work on U.S. national income accounts. In 1934, an assessment of the national income of the United States for the period 1929–32 was given; further, it was extended to 1919–1938, and then to 1869.The standard in the field was set by the work of <mask>, who was not the first economist to try this. Problems ranging from lack of information and bias assessments to the development of the theoretical concept of national income were solved by <mask>. There was a high precision in the calculations. His works allowed us to analyze the structure of the national income, and expose to detailed study a number of specific problems of the national economy. The basis of the modern system of national accounts can be found in the improved methods for calculating the national income and related indicators. In countries that were on the early stages of economic development, the hypothesis was that income inequality increased first, but as the economy grew, it tended to decrease. The basis of the "Kuznets curve" empirical conception was formed by this assumption.The U.S. Department of Commerce wanted to standardize the measurement of GNP. He wrote that the welfare of a nation can't be inferred from a measure of national income. The formation of the national income was studied by <mask>. After analyzing the long-term data sets of economic conditions for 20 countries, Kuznets revealed long-term trends in capital / output ratios, shares of net capital formation, net investment, and so on. A number of existing hypotheses were exposed to empirical testing through collected and systematized data. The premises of the Keynes theory concern the absolute income hypothesis of 1936. The first formal consumption function was created by the hypothesis.Keynes' predictions broke down under more rigorous examination, but they were seemingly accurate in short-run cross-sections. In his 1942 tome Uses of National Income in Peace and War, published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, <mask> became the first economist to show that the Absolute Income Hypothesis gives inaccurate predictions in the long run. Keynes predicted that as income increases, so will marginal savings. Despite large changes in income, the savings ratio remained constant over a longer period of time. The life-cycle hypothesis and the relative income hypothesis are two modern alternatives to the permanent income hypothesis. By the end of the Second World War, there was a new research area related to the tie between income and growth. Extensive empirical studies on the four key elements of economic growth were proposed by him.The elements were demographic growth, growth of knowledge, in-country adaptation to growth factors, and external economic relations between the countries. The theory of economic growth should explain the development of advanced industrial countries and the reasons that prevent the development of backward countries, as well as the impact on growth of foreign economic relations. He analyzed the economic performance of 14 countries in Europe, the U.S. and Japan for 60 years. There are a number of hypotheses relating to various aspects of the mechanism of economic growth, such as the level and variability of growth, the structure of the GNP, the distribution of income between households, and the structure of foreign trade. The theory of economic growth was founded by <mask>. The central theme of these empirical studies is that the growth of the aggregated product of the country implies a profound transformation of the entire economic structure. The structure of production, sectoral and occupational structure of employment, the division of occupations among family and market activities, the income structure, size, age structure and spatial distribution of the population are all affected by this transformation.In his opinion, such changes are essential for overall growth and support the economic development of the country. The impact on economic growth was analyzed by <mask>. His major thesis, which argued that underdeveloped countries of today possess characteristics different from those that industrialized countries faced before they developed, helped put an end to the simplistic view that all countries went through the same "linear stages" in their history. The <mask> curve is an inverted U-shaped relation between income inequality and economic growth. The income disparity between rich and poor people increased in poor countries. Economic growth narrowed the difference in wealthier countries. He proposed that as countries experience economic growth, the income inequality first increases and then decreases.In order to experience growth, countries had to shift from agricultural to industrial sectors. Large differences in income were caused by industrialization. The lower income portion of the population gained political power as economies experienced growth due to the fact that mass education gave them more opportunities. The life-cycle-permanent-income hypothesis of Modigliani and Friedman was discovered by him. He published his findings in 1963. The idea of an interaction between science and technology, and institutional shifts, as well as the role of factors external to the economy, such as those caused by the moral, were expressed in the historical and economic works of the 1970s. He was awarded the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1971 for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process.Secular movements in production and prices are related to Cyclical Fluctuations. New York and Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930. National income and capital formation from 1919 to 1935. "National Income and Its Composition, 1919–1938" was published in the 19th century. "Economic Growth and Income Inequality" was written by Elizabeth Jenks. The American Economic Review was published in March. "Quantitative aspects of the economic growth of nations, VIII: The distribution of income by size" was published in 1955.1–2. "Modern economic growth is rate, structure, and spread". "Toward a Theory of Economic Growth, with Reflections on the Economic Growth of Modern Nations" was written in 1966. The economic growth of nations was discussed. "Population, Capital and Growth". Capital formation Gross domestic product Information Revolution List of economists <mask> Kharkiv National University of Economics References 36, No.3 (Apr., 1988), pp. 437–437. L., A., and Tausch A. are related. The global periphery and economic cycles were covered. There is a book by Hoselitz B. F. in Springer International Publishing. 31, No. 2 (January, 1983), pp.The score was 433–454. An Economic Historian's Economist: Remembering <mask> was published in 1995. Street J. H. is the author of The Contribution of <mask><mask> to Institutionalist Development Theory. 22, No. 2 was published in June of 1988. 499–509. The New School for Social Research has external links.There are web links. The lecture was about the prize. Robert Fogel wrote a paper about <mask><mask>. 7782. The National Academy of Sciences was founded in 1901.

masks:
Simon Smith Kuznets
Kuznets
Simon Smith Kuznets
Kuznets
Kuznets
Kuznets
Kuznets
Kuznets
Simon Kuznets
Kuznets
Kuznets
Kuznets
Kuznets
Kuznets
Kuznets
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Kuznets
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Simon Kuznets
Simon Kuznets
Simon S
. Kuznets
Simon S
. Kuznets


texts: <mask>, also known as <mask>roon Spruijt, was a South African civil servant, lawyer and statesman of Dutch descent. Spruyt was the state secretary of the South African Republic and the acting state president of the Orange Free State. Before coming to South Africa, Spruyt did not complete his studies in the Netherlands and worked as a teacher. He was a law agent in private practice. He joined the administration of the Orange Free State and was quickly promoted to government secretary. He was in charge of state president M.W. Pretorius was in the period 1860–1862.In the third quarter of the 19th century, many Afrikaner politicians and government officials served in the two Boer republics. <mask> was the state secretary of the South African Republic. Spruyt was the son of Jacobus Spuyt and Antje Landskroon. The <mask> and Landskroon families had a tradition of medical practice and three of the four Spruyt brothers were doctors in the Netherlands. Spruyt probably didn't finish his studies after he trained as a lawyer. He taught in the village of Oosterwolde in the north of the Netherlands. The professor U.G. was here.He was recruited by Lauts for South Africa. A group of Dutchmen were interested in the development of good education in the new Boer settlements in South Africa. Around the middle of the nineteenth century, <mask> was one of the many Dutch immigrants that settled in the new Boer republics. On the ship, arriving in Delagoa Bay was J.A. A well-known figure in South Africa, Smellekamp was joined by his two travel companions and fellow migrants, W.P.J. and Hendrik van der Linden. He traveled across the Lebombo Mountains in an ox-cart. <mask> was a teacher in the town of Rustenburg.There are disagreements among the Dutchmen in the Transvaal. Dirk van der Hoff and J.A<mask> established himself in Bloemfontein after moving to the Orange Free State. Spruyt was a civil servant in the Orange Free State who worked as a clerk and as a Government Secretary. <mask> was appointed clerk to the State President on the strength of his capacities. During the illness of Government Secretary Groenendaal, <mask> took up that position again. He succeeded J. Groenendaal as Government Secretary of the Orange Free State in October 1856.When State President Boshoff went on leave in 1858, <mask> was not appointed acting State President because he was a lesser politician and statesman. <mask> was allowed to represent the presidency in meetings of the Volksraad on several occasions. Spruyt acted as State President when Pretorius was away. State President Pretorius praised Spruyt for being very loyal and accurate in his work despite the general opinion that he was a man of lesser qualities. <mask> was a civil servant in the Orange Free State. The coat of arms of the state was designed by him, and he laid the foundation of the model state the Orange Free State was to become in later years. Spruyt left a mark on the early administration and its organisation, having worked in secretarial functions for the State President himself, but also as a servant of parliament, the government, and the State.<mask> wanted a rise in the officials' salaries and was sensitive to good labour relations within the state apparatus. The matter of the salaries led to his own resignation. <mask> felt that his salary wasn't enough to live on with a family. He acted as publisher of the Dutch language weekly paper De Tijd after he resigned as state secretary. Staatkundig Nieuws- en Advertentieblad of den Oranje-Vrijstaat. H.A.L started the Political Newspaper and Advertiser for the Orange Free State. The Friend is a newspaper in the English language.<mask> moved back to the Transvaal after he was declared insolvent. He was appointed State Secretary in the South African Republic on the advice of State President Pretorius. This appointment lasted until 1869. Spruyt practiced private law in the Orange Free State. Ladybrand was conquered by the Orange Free State in the last Basotho War of 1867. As late as 1871, some of his possessions, including a building complex in Rustenburg, were publicly sold for a small amount of money. Spruyt returned to the South African Republic after attempts to regain a public position in the Orange Free State failed.He set up a successful law practice because he was allowed to work as a law agent in the lower courts. He was interested in land cases until the end of his life. Spruyt lived in Troyeville in the last period of his life. He died on a visit to Natal. The Spruyt family came from Peddie in the Cape Colony and married in 1856. The couple had a number of children, including five sons and five daughters. There were deaths of people from Uithoorn Afrikaner and Dutch emigration to South Africa.

masks:
Jan Willem Spruijt
Jan Willem Landsk
Spruyt
Spruyt
Spruyt
Spruyt
. Spruyt
Spruyt
Spruyt
Spruyt
Spruyt
Spruyt
Spruyt
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Spruyt