texts: Dr. <mask> is a Puerto Rican materials scientist. She was part of a six-person crew and the only Hispanic selected to participate in a four-month-long, Mars analog mission funded by NASA. Sierra-Sastre wants to be the first Puerto Rican woman to travel to outer space. Sierra-Sastre was born in Guayama, Puerto Rico, where she received her secondary education. She had a dream of becoming an astronomer. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from the Mayagez Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. After teaching to middle and high school students for a year and a half, Sierra-Sastre participated in a summer research experience program for teachers.She was trained in the assembly of mono-molecular films. She attended graduate Environmental Health courses at the School of Public Health at the University of Puerto Rico Medical Science Campus and graduate Chemistry courses at the University of Puerto Rico at Ro Piedras. Sierra-Sastre went to Cornell University where she received a PhD in 2009. Sierra-Sastre studied at Los Alamos National Laboratory. She co-authored the 2008 article "Vertical Growth of GeNanowires from Biotemplated AuNanoparticle Catalysts" in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. After completing her PhD, Sierra-Sastre worked as a senior research scientist and microscopist at two nanotechnology start-up companies in Ithaca, New York where she designed, developed and characterized nanostructured coating for medical devices/diagnostics, lithium ion batteries, and the textile sector The Bureau of Engraving and Printing's (BEP's) Office of Technology Development had a research scientist and project manager named Sierra-Sastre.She is a Project Manager at NASA supporting the Mars Sample Return and lunar VIPER missions. Menu fatigue is one of the biggest food challenges astronauts face. The astronauts are at risk of losing bone and muscle mass if the food intake goes down. The NASA Human Research Program funded a project called "HI-SEAS" to determine the best way to keep astronauts well nourished during multiple-year missions to Mars or the moon. The living conditions for astronauts at a future base on Mars were recreated in a planetary module built on a Hawaiian island. The saddle area of the island is thought to be similar to a Mars environment. NASA and researchers from Cornell University and the University of Hawaii at Mnoa chose six individuals to be part of the Mars simulation mission after receiving more than 700 applications.Sierra-Sastre's qualifications were similar to those required by NASA for their astronauts. Dr. Sian Proctor is one of the other five. The reserve crew had three more people. The crew had two weeks of training prior to the four-month mission. The crew was not allowed to have any communication with the outside world, except for limited e-mail, if they stepped outside the module. New forms of food and food preparation strategies were tested during the mission. Given the limited water availability on a space mission, Sierra-Sastre researched pre-market anti-microbial fabrics and how long they lasted.Members of the crew were given items such as shirts, bedsheets, and socks, and were asked to fill out surveys rating qualitative factors like odor, comfort, and appearance. After use, samples were taken from the fabrics. Research teams from Johnson Space Center provided exercise and sleep clothing for testing during the mission, in preparation for an International Space Station technology demonstration in 2014. Sierra-Sastre and her colleagues emerged from the space habitat on August 13. Sierra-Sastre aspires to be the first Puerto Rican woman to fly to space and is a highly qualified candidate for the NASA Astronaut Candidate Program. A teacher-turned scientist, <mask> has collaborated with numerous organizations for the execution of citizen-science initiatives in the Americas. In 2016 she assembled a team of students, educators, scientists, engineers, and makers who designed a CubeSat payload that flew onboard Project Perlan's glider during a high-altitude flight in Calafate, Argentina.There are educational science videos about the contributions of Puerto Rican scientists in the field of space exploration. The former Chair of the PoSSUM 13 is <mask>, a group of 13 women who serve as global ambassadors for space and science. The smallest National Anthem ever written Sierra-Sastre also collaborated in a variety ofSTEM education and public outreach projects, including writing the smallest anthem ever written La Borinquea Ms Pequea. List of Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program Puerto Rican scientists and inventors History of women in Puerto Rico

masks:
Yajaira Sierra Sastre
Yajaira
Yajaira


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask> "Fathead" <mask> was an American jazz and rhythm-and-blues saxophonist who made numerous recordings as a session musician and leader, but is best known for his work as a sideman on seminal 1950s and early 1960s recordings. <mask> "Fathead" <mask> is one of the most natural saxophonists and flutists in jazz. The "Texas Tenor" saxophone style is a big-toned, bluesy approach popularized by jazz tenor players from that state. <mask> was born in Corsicana, Texas, United States, on February 24, 1933, but grew up in Dallas, where he studied the piano and saxophone. According to one account, he got his nickname "Fathead" in school when an outraged music instructor used it as an epithet after catching Mr. <mask> playing a Sousa march from memory rather than from reading the sheet music, which rested upside down on the stand. <mask> was inspired by Louis Jordan and took up the saxophone in the seventh grade. He quit school after three years and became a professional musician.<mask> began his career playing mostly jazz and blues with musicians such as Lloyd Glenn and T-Bone Walker. Sideman and soloist with Ray Charles <mask> met and befriended Ray Charles in early 1951. Charles' principal saxophone soloist after Don Wilkerson left the band was <mask>, who joined Charles' band in 1954. <mask> played the saxophone on many of Charles' seminal recordings. The hits include "Lonely Avenue", "Swanee River Rock", "Ain't That Love", and "The Right Time". The New York Times noted that his solo was crucial to the Ray Charles sound. Ray Charles' contract was bought by Ahmet Ertegun for 2500 dollars in 1952 from Swingtime Records, but Jerry Wexler did not sign him.According to Charles, <mask> could make his sax sing the song like no one else. <mask> said that he became famous for playing 8-bar and 12-bar solo. <mask>'s debut album was called Fathead: Ray Charles Presents <mask>. He rejoined Charles' band in 1971 and stayed with them until 1964. After leaving Charles' band, <mask> recorded albums for Atlantic, Warner Bros., and Muse. <mask> worked with a number of artists, including Franklin. King, Cocker, Allman, and Cole are on her album.He was a sideman for Jimmy Scott. They were King and Lou Rawls. He did a national tour with the band from the 1996 film for Verve records. He was nominated for a grammy in 1990 for his work with Art and Dr. John. <mask> recorded over thirty-eight albums under his own name, including his first, Fathead, Ray Charles Presents <mask> 'Fathead' <mask>, recorded in 1958, but not released until 1960. Cannonball Adderley produced! with James Clay. He played R&B and blues on recordings.B. King, the Average White Band, Jimmy McGriff, Eric Clapton, John Stein, Natalie Cole, Hank Crawford, and Doug Sahm are just a few. Roy Hargrove was a high school student when he heard Mr. <mask> play jazz music. Mr. <mask> recorded several tunes for Hargrove's 1995 album. The personal life of <mask> was portrayed in the film Ray Charles. <mask> disagreed with the accuracy of the film's depiction of himself, in particular its portrayal of him as having introduced Charles to hard drugs. <mask> passed away in Kingston, New York, on January 20, 2009, at the age of 75.Discography As leader/co-leader Fathead: Ray Charles Presents <mask> 'Fathead' <mask>. !, with James Clay, Straight Ahead, Fathead Comes On, House of David, Double Barrelled Soul, and Jack McDuff Bigger & Better. Still Hard Times (Muse, 1981) is a song about hard times. Live at the Village Vanguard with Hank Crawford, Stanley Turrentine Blue Head, and Blue Greens & Beans. Mr. is gentle. Cool, Under a Woodstock Moon, Keep the Spirits Singing, and The Gift all came out in 1994. Ray Charles in Person, What'd I Say, The Genius of Ray Charles, and The Genius After are included.King There Must Be a Better World Somewhere, Let the Good Times Roll, and Live at the Top were written by Charles Kynard. Lee Morgan Sonic Boom (Blue Note, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1968, 1969) with Don Patterson, Jimmy Scott All the Way, and Shirley Scott. References External links Starpulse.com <mask> "Fathead" <mask> page at <mask> "Fathead" <mask> had an interview with In Black America on January 8, 1985 at the American Archive of Public Broadcasting.

masks:
David
Newman
David
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
David Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
David
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
David
Newman
David
Newman
David
Newman


texts: He was a French racing car driver and motor sports team founder. The AGS racing team competed in the European Formula Two Championship and Formula 1 in the 1970s and 1980s. The Garage de l'Avenir was an affiliated car garage with a petrol station in the village of Gonfaron. He managed the company since 1947 after his apprenticeship. After visiting the Grand Prix at Nice in 1946, he developed an interest in motor sports. In 1950, <mask> designed and drove his first single seater racing car, based on Simca components, for junior teams up to 500cc. In 1952, a second car had a BMW engine.The Julien-Panhard was built in 1957 by him. The car had a Panhard engine and several Panhard production components. The recently established Formula Junior was the focus of <mask> at the end of the 1950s. He modified his cars according to the rules of this class, but only took part in a few races in southern France. The Grand Prix of Monaco Junior was held in 1959. He finished in 19th place after being passed by the winner 4 times. The slightly modified JH4 version of the car was entered in Monte Carlo in 1960, but he did not participate in the race for unknown reasons.He did not try at all, according to some sources. In 1959 he stopped building his own race cars. He occasionally drove cars of other manufacturers in lesser classes. He registered a Lotus 22 with a Ford engine for a race in France in 1964. He retired after 13 laps with a faulty brake system. He wanted to start for the Team curie Méditerranée in the Formula 3 Grand Prix of Monaco. In 1965, he started in Formula 3 again.He registered an Alpine 270 but didn't make it to the finals. He stopped competing in races at the age of 38. He continued to train French drivers within the French Formula 3. The company was located in the garage of the team owner. The production of his own racing cars was started by him and his mechanic Christian Vanderpleyn. From 1978 to 1991 he was in Formula 2 and in 1986 to 1991 he was in Formula 1. AGS participated in all series under the AGS brand.The racing team was owned and coached by <mask>. The AGS team achieved three victories in seven years in Formula 2: Richard Dallest won twice in the 1980 season, and Philippe Streiff won in the 1984 season. He was the winner of the last race of Formula 2. He got involved in Formula 1 during the 1986 season. At the end of the 1985 Formula One season, the French team Renault F1 retired and sold some of its equipment to a new owner. The AGS JH21C was powered by a motori moderni engine and was the first Formula 1 car to use these parts. Financial support came from a club in Italy.At the Italian Grand Prix, the team showed up first. Ivan Capelli was the driver. The smallest Formula 1 team of the 1980s, AGS, had 6 employees, including the driver, while the more established teams had more than 100 employees. The team was able to qualify in Monza but failed to see the chequered flag. AGS scored its first championship point when Roberto Moreno finished sixth in Australia. Gabriele Tarquini came home sixth in Mexico two years later. The only points AGS ever scored were in Formula 1.Cyril de Rouvre ran the team for two more years after the team was sold. AGS closed in 1991. "It's good to compete with others, as long as you don't forget to eat and drink well afterwards," he was quoted as saying. After selling and closing AGS, the company was restructured and reopened as a service provider. Private people can drive a Formula One racing car on the company-owned track in Le Luc. He was the President of the company. In 1997 the 500cc racing car developed by the Boyers achieved an average speed of 222.557 km/h.A 44-year-old track record for cars of this class was broken. He died in a hospital after being taken ill and living in a flat above the Garage de l'Avenir. The cars designed and built by the team were named after the team owner.

masks:
Julien
Julien
Henri Julien


texts: A former Australian first-class cricketer, who played 11 One Day Internationals for Australia in the early 1980s as an all-rounder, is named <mask>. He played county cricket for Hampshire and was a member of the Western Australia cricket team. He was part of the winning sides in Victoria and Western Australia. In 1957, <mask> was born in Victoria, Australia. He made his grade debut at the age of 19 for St Kilda Cricket Club in the 1976–77 season as an all-rounder, bowling right-arm medium fast and batting left-handed with an emphasis on driving. During 1979 he played for Wilshire in the Minor Counties competition. The highlights include 51 against Oxford and 7 against Dorset.He played for the Second XI. In 1979–80, he made his first-class debut for Victoria. He had a number of notable performances that season, including 3–24 againstWA, 58 againstWA, and seven againstSouth Australia. There were some good games in the McDonald's Cup. He took 1–44 and 19 not out against SA in his debut for Victoria. He helped Victoria win the game and the title. The Shield was won by Victoria.In grade cricket, he scored 93 and took 4–54. The final was won by Footscray. Hampshire <mask> was offered to play for the Hampshire County Cricket Club during the 1980 English summer. He scored 214 runs at 19 and only exceeded 50 once in a first-class game, and took 16 first-class wickets at an average of 48 with the best figures of 2–24). Hampshire came last season. His final county game was against Essex. His form was better in one day games, taking 3–44 against Derbyshire, 2–12 against Somerset, 3–26 against Lancashire, and 2–24) against Essex.He played for the Hampshire 2nd XI and scored 51 in one game. In the Australian 1980– 81 season, International Player <mask>'s first-class form was better. He scored 34 and 64 in his first Shield game and took four kills. He was considered for international consideration after scoring 100 not out and taking 3–24. In one day, he took 6 victories. The Test team for the second Test against New Zealand was named because Australia was looking for an all rounder. He was the 12th man and did not play.He was selected to make his debut against New Zealand in November 1980. "If we have a deficiency at the moment, it is possibly that we lack a true all-rounder", said Australian captain Greg Chappell at the time. "Perhaps what Australia needs is an up-and-comer in this area and he is possibly what SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA SALVAGEDATA is, not only in one day cricket but also in Test matches as well". He took 1/40 in the match. He was in the starting lineup for the next game, against New Zealand. He scored 5 against India. He took 0–15 against New Zealand and 2–23 against India.He was dropped from the Australian Test team for the third Test against New Zealand due to a back injury, which saw him miss a Shield game; he was replaced byTrevor Chappell, who played as 12th man. Chappell was made the 12th man for the first Test against India after he passed a fitness test and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 Bruce Yardley replaced him on the next test. In a one run loss to New Zealand, <mask> took 0–31 against India, 2–40 and 7 against New Zealand, and took 1–36 against India. He played in nine of Australia's ten group matches in the triangular one-day tournament, but was left out of the finals series after scoring just 16 runs at an average of 3.20 with a top score of 7. He took eight wickets in the series, with three of them being two-wicket hauls. He was dropped at the end of the summer.In the final two games of the season, he scored 51 in a McDonald's Cup game and six in a game against Queensland. He was overlooked for the tour of England in 1981 because of his poor form in other matches. In the 1981–83 season, <mask>'s highlights include a five-for in a Shield game against Queensland and scores of 55 and 39 against the Blues. He was dropped from the team after he conceded 56 runs in nine overs without success against the West Indies, despite making his top score of eight against Pakistan. He played in a one day game. After the summer of 1983, he was unable to force his way back into Australia. He took 4–53 and 5–95.In the McDonald's Cup semi final, he scored 29 and took 4–15. The majority of his performances were not good. During the 1983 English summer, he played for Cornwall in the Minor Counties Championship. There were 7 pins against Devon, 46 against Buckinghamshire, 62 and 56 against Cheshire, and 60 against Shropshire. He moved to Western Australia in 1983 to be a part of the winning team. In a narrow victory over Victoria, scores of 34 and 73, plus three, and five, plus, were the highlights of the game. He scored 14 and 17 not out in the final and took 3–111 and 3–34 in the game.In the McDonald's Cup final, <mask>'s late knock of 37 off 33 balls brought the Warriors within eight runs of victory. After playing one Shield game for Victoria in the following season, he retired. He played 55 matches, scoring 1,559 runs at an average of 25.14 with one century, and claimed 124 wickets at an average of 33.91 with a best bowling of 5/95. He averaged 25.22 with the bat and 25 with the ball in limited overs matches. He became the cricket operations manager of the Victorian Cricket Association in 1995. During the 1999–2000 season, he played grade cricket for St Kilda. In 1984–85 and 1985–86, St Kilda won the competition.They reached the final in 1989–90 after a semi final where <mask> scored 53 and took 6–39, but they lost the final despite <mask> taking two wickets and scoring 102. They won the competition in 1992 with a 2–41 score. There are references to 1957 births of Living people Australia One Day International cricketers.

masks:
Shaun Francis Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf


texts: <mask> is a British social entrepreneur and activist who is the Director of Kijana Kwanza. He is known for his work in founding charities. Mamdami is an advocate on youth issues, particularly those affecting young people from minority communities, and has stated that he combines his experience from everything he's done to challenge cultural taboos around social issues and empower young people to play an active role in their communities. <mask> started his career in the voluntary sector at the age of 18 while studying for his A-levels, after founding the award-winning charity Muslim Youth Helpline with his friend. The Muslim community's premier youth counseling service is here. <mask> first realized the extent of isolation that today's young Muslims experience when he was at college, and he believed that young Muslims often need advice that takes into account broader religious and social contexts. He became a Trustee of the Foundation for Social Entrepreneurs, a charity that promotes social entrepreneurship by offering financial awards and support packages to individuals with creative ideas for achieving social objectives, after helping to secure its financial base.Ansar Youth Project and Queen's Crescent Community Association were established in 2005 to respond to the 7/7 London bombings. He was the Head of Operations for Ansar Youth Project. <mask> was appointed to the Board of Trustees of the Foundation of Social Entrepreneurs. <mask> worked at Queen's Crescent Community Association as a building manager and head of youth services. Mamdani joined QCCA to increase his knowledge on how to run charities that support disadvantaged people. He wanted to set up organizations to tackle homelessness, food poverty, debt and other problems. The initial charitable trust was set up during the summer of 2011.He left QCCA to work with a new charity. Al-Mizan Charitable Trust was founded in October 2011. The UK's first Muslim grant-funder supports people living in poverty regardless of their faith or cultural background. Only half of eligible applications can be supported with a grant or interest-free loan of up to £500, when the Trust receives more than 40 applications a month. Poverty and unemployment have forced the charity to consider funding more and more applications for basic household and subsistence costs. The packs reach the people who need them the most with the help of the fundraising appeals. It wasn't pushed into establishment until late 2012 after it was in talks with Mamdani back in 2011."Come to the table" is an Arabic term. The charity wanted to provide local people with food and basic necessities. Sufra was marketed as a Community Food Bank & Kitchen, which aims to support disadvantaged families suffering from food poverty in the local area. Sufra was the first Muslim run charity that supported all ethnicities in the UK. In order to bring the community together, Sufra started to run food academies and teach people to cook. The aim was to teach young people basic cookery skills. It hopes to teach people how to cook 10 home-cooked meals and how to maintain a healthy diet over the course of 10 intensive sessions.In addition to this, they run a master-chef competition and learn to manage weekly budgets with an accredited qualification, which can be used to apply for an apprenticeship or employment in the Catering industry. The growing garden project was approved by the council. St. Raphael's Edible Garden was located a minute away from Sufra's main office. <mask> resigned from Sufra on January 15th. <mask> moved on to his next project after five years of developing the charity into a vibrant Community Hub, a country with which he has a deep personal connection. The Kijana Kwanza project was launched in January. Young People First in swahili is a youth organisation that promotes education, employment and enterprise skills amongst young people.His first commercial work is outside of the UK. The charity was noted for donating 2000 litres of hand-sanitiser during the COVID-19 epidemic. In addition to orphans, street children and victims of child labour, Mamdani has grown Kijana Kwanza to give disadvantaged young people access to education and life skills training. He went to Oxford to study Arabic and Persian with Islamic Studies after attending a college in South London. He left his studies at Oxford University to pilot the Muslim Youth Helpline. <mask> graduated from St. John's College in Oxford in 2009. He was studying for a Master's in Arabic and Islamic Studies at the University of London.The Volunteer of the Year from the Telephone Helplines Association was one of his awards. "<mask> is an inspiring example of what young volunteers can do in their communities through determination and commitment," his citation said. The project is making a difference to hundreds of lives. <mask> was added to The Independents "Good List" of 50 people in 2006 and was involved in the selection process. In January 2015, <mask> was one of 67 recipients of the Giving Extra Award. Sufra was given a reward and bonus bond vouchers. The Ansar Youth Project is part of the Al-Mizan Charitable Trust.

masks:
Mohammed Mamdani
Mohammed
Mohammed
Mohammed
Mamdani
Mamdani
Mohammed
Mohammed
Mohammed
Mamdani
Mamdani


texts: <mask> (Egnation or Egnazio<mask>, O.P. He was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate, mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer who served as the Bishop of Alatri. <mask> was born in 1536 to a family of artists and scientists. His father, an architect and engineer who studied under Antonio da Sangallo, and his aunt, who was also a painter, taught him the basics of painting and architecture. His older brother <mask> was one of the leading court sculptors of late-sixteenth-century Florence, while his younger brother <mask> was a local painter. <mask> changed his name to <mask> after entering the Dominican Order. He devoted himself to mathematics, astronomy, and geography after completing his studies in theology and philosophy.He requested a transfer from the Dominican compound in Perugia to the monastery of San Marco in Florence. He started tutoring the children of wealthy Florentines in mathematics and science. In September 1563, he was invited by Cosimo I, Duke of Tuscany to participate in his project. Over the next dozen years, Danti painted 30 maps of regions of the world based on published prints by Giacomo Gastaldi, Abraham Ortelius, and others. The Museo Galileo in Florence has a number of brass scientific instruments, such as an astrolabe, that he worked on. Between 1567 and 1569, Danti was hired by the Dominicans to provide plans for a church and convent in Piedmont. During his time in Florence, Danti taught mathematics and wrote commentaries on astronomy and mathematics, as well as explanations of how to use scientific instruments.During his time in Florence, <mask> resided at the convent of Santa Maria Novella, where he designed the quadrant and armillary sphere that appear on the end blind arches of the lower facade of the church in 1572 and 1574. He also designed a large-scale gnomon for the church which allowed a thin beam of light to enter the church at noon each day through a hole just beneath the facade's rose window, although it probably was not completed by the time <mask> left Florence. The Duke and <mask> talked about building a canal that would allow Florence to communicate with both the Mediterranean and the Adriatic. The plan was not started before Cosimo died. The son of Cosimo's son forced <mask> to leave Florence on a morals charge. It is not known why <mask> was exiled, but he had no trouble finding work or patrons in Italy, even though he never returned to Florence. <mask> became professor of mathematics at the University of Bologna after leaving Florence.He built a huge gnomon in the Bolognese church of San Petronio, which is still visible in the church's pavement. He was invited by the governor to prepare maps of the Perugian republic. Pope Gregory XIII invited him to Rome, appointed him a pontifical mathematician and made him a member of the commission for the reform of the calendar because of his mathematical skills. He was placed in charge of the painters who were summoned to the Vatican by the Pope to continue the decoration of the palace, as well as making a number of maps of the regions of modern Italy in the newly constructed Gallery of Maps along the Cortile del Belvedere. The entire Italian peninsula was mapped in 40 large-scale frescoes, each depicting a region as well as a perspective view of its most prominent city. Danti furnished the plans for the repair of the harbour when it was ordered by the pontiff. While at Rome <mask> wrote a life of the architect Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola and also prepared notes for his work on perspective.Gregory made him a bishop in 1583 in recognition of his work. He was consecrated as bishop on 30 November 1583 after being appointed on 14 November 1583. The co-conspirators were Giovanni Battista Santorio, Bishop of Alife, and Gerolamo Mazzarelli, Bishop of Nona. <mask> was in his new office. <mask> was the Bishop of Alatri and he showed great solicitude for the poor. He co-consigned Marco Pedacca, Bishop of Lacedonia and Basilio Gradi, Bishop of Stagno. Pope Sixtus V summoned him to Rome to assist in the erection of the grand obelisk in the piazza of the Vatican.<mask> was the author of Trattato del'uso e della Fabbrica dell'astrolabo con la giunta del planifero del Raja, as well as a revised and annotated version. One of the oldest instructions for scientific instruments deals with the use and construction of the astrolabe. The first Italian treatise on this topic was written by <mask>. Three years into his service, <mask> died. Giovanni Antonio Magini was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna in 1588 over Galileo. The List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics References includes External links and additional sources. The Mapping of Power in Renaissance Italy was published by the Cambridge University Press.High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of <mask> <mask> can be found in the History of Science Collections at the University of Oklahoma. 16th-century Italian mathematicians, 16th-century Italian cartographers, 16th-century Italian astronomer, 16th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops, and 16th-century Italian scientific instrument makers were appointed by Pope Gregory XIII.

masks:
Ignazio
) Danti
Danti
Vincenzo Danti
Girolamo Danti
Danti
Ignazio
Danti
Danti
Danti
Danti
Danti
Danti
Danti
Danti
Danti
Danti
Danti
Danti
Ignazio
Danti


texts: The founder of the Berkshire Symphonic Festival, which came to be known as Tanglewood, was an arts patron and philanthropist named <mask>. At the height of the Great Depression, <mask> gathered the human resources and secured the financial backing that supported the festival's early success. The success of one of the world's most celebrated seasonal music festivals is assured by her leadership from the first concerts in August 1934 through the mid-1950s. Her parents were <mask> and Jeannie Porter Steele. She was born in New York City. Her father was the director of Allied Chemical. Her father was a member of the New York Bar Association and helped to write corporate law.<mask> <mask> received the French Legion of Honor after writing many articles in favor of the forgiveness of war debts. The material relates to the United States Tax laws. Her mother was raised in Paris and DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch She had two siblings, one of which died in childhood. Between New York City and Paris was where he spent most of his childhood. The <mask> family moved their vacations from France to western Massachusetts because of World War I. The region was favored by families of prominence and wealth.The Great Depression had taken its toll on the summer colony, but it was still popular with families. The home of Daniel Chester French was purchased by her father. <mask> wouldn't sit out the War in the safety of her family's new estate by now in her mid-thirties. They organized medical supplies for the troops in France. Traveling to Europe in a blacked out ship, she flew over the front lines to help deliver the supplies. The New York Times and New York Herald Tribune published some of the first aerial photographs of active combat. <mask> was made a member of the French Legion of Honor because of her fund raising to buy ice trucks to deliver blood to wounded soldiers.<mask> built her own home in 1919 with the help of her friend and local artisans. She became a well known personality among the region's rich and famous summer residents because of her cultured background and formidable presence. <mask> was approached by the Associate Conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in the spring of 1934. When he was referred to <mask>, fortune smiled on him because he wanted to create a summer classical music concert series. A series of concerts that summer was the result of her passion for classical music, confident take charge reputation and circle of wealthy friends. <mask>, a woman of girth, guts and money, seemingly without pausing for breath, set about launching a cultural institution in a midst of a depression. She did it in three months.The first outdoor concerts were held in August 1934. The first concerts were held on the grounds of an estate owned by the son of a Cleveland industrialist. <mask> and Hadley began to plan for an annual festival after the success of the 1934 and 1935 summer concerts. The venue moved to the home of Margaret Vanderbilt in 1936. The New York Philharmonic Orchestra was replaced as the festival's crown jewel by the Boston Symphony Orchestra. On August 13, 1936, the BSO gave its first concert under the direction of Serge Koussevitzky. The site was changed to "Tanglewood" in 1937.Nathaniel Hawthorne lived in a cottage on the estate and wrote "Tanglewood". <mask> was able to transform the rain into a triumph in the summer of 1937. <mask>'s strength of character was revealed when a storm stopped the festival performance of "Ride of the Valkyrie" in 1937. <mask> strode to the stage when the concert stopped and addressed the record crowd of 5,000, haranguing: "Now do you see why we must have a permanent building for these concerts?" In minutes, more than $30,000 was raised. The Music Shed opened the following season after the storm and <mask>'s dramatic appeal. <mask>'s speech at the dedication was recorded and can still be heard. The main stage of Tanglewood continues to be the Koussevitzky Music Shed.Through the success of its early years, Legacy Gertrude <mask>'s persuasive confidence and relentless hard work helped to create and lead. Efforts by <mask> and her wealthy patrons and music lovers were essential to the development of what has become a multi-faceted festival of performance and musician training. In the August 27, 2012 edition of the New Yorker Magazine, Alex Ross wrote about a time when the New York Philharmonic was the main attraction at Tanglewood. When the Philharmonic lost interest, <mask> turned to Koussevitzky, who believed that the enterprise could become an American version. Ambitious and bold, <mask>'s vision of an annual summer music festival comparable to the Salzburg Festival has met and exceeded expectations. The Boston University Tanglewood Institute was added to the festival in 1966. Large audiences attend concerts by gifted young musicians.<mask> was the President of the Festival from 1934 to 1955. Through the first two decades, she led a festival that had international renown. <mask> died at New York Hospital on October 22, 1963. She had suffered a stroke. The Dedication of the historic Music Shed was held on December 19, 2015.

masks:
Gertrude Robinson Smith
Smith
Charles Robinson Smith
Charles Robinson
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Robinson Smith
Smith
Smith
Robinson Smith
Robinson Smith
Smith
Smith
Robinson Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


texts: <mask><mask> is an American writer and historian from North Carolina who specializes in the issues of culture, religion, and race associated with the Civil Rights Movement of the twentieth century. He has appointments at both Duke University and the University of North Carolina. He has won many teaching awards. Students were taken on a tour of sites of civil rights events in the South. The Frederick Jackson Turner Award, the James A. Rawley Prize, the University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award in Religion, and the Southern Book Award have all been won by his books. The Roots of the Black Freedom Struggle and Blood Done Sign My Name have both been adapted as films. The Blood of Emmett Till was longlisted for the National Book Award.<mask> was born in North Carolina. His parents are Vernon and <mask>. The family lived in Oxford, North Carolina, in 1970, when Henry Marrow, a black veteran, was killed by three white men. An all-white jury acquitted the suspects. After 18 months, integration was achieved after blacks organized a boycott of white businesses. <mask>'s father was kicked out of his church because of his support of the civil rights movement. <mask> graduated from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro with a B.A.In 1987 at Emory University. He earned a PhD in history at Duke University. <mask> began his teaching career at Duke University, where he taught "United States History from the New Deal to the Present" for two years. "Dynamite: A Story from the Second Reconstruction in South Carolina" was published in Glenda Gilmore's book, Jumpin' Jim Crow: The New Southern Political. He taught the course "And Still I Rise: African American Culture in the Twentieth Century". <mask> was an assistant professor of Afro-American Studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1994 to 1994. The Lilly Teaching Award was won by him.<mask> led a group of students from Madison to Chicago, Illinois, Nashville, Tennessee, and then on to Montgomery, Alabama, Jackson, Hattiesburg, and Duck. The Best Course Award from the North American Association of Summer Session was won by Freedom Ride: The Sites and Sounds of the Civil Rights Movement. <mask> became a full professor. <mask> was a lecturer at the Organization of American Historians. <mask> was a John Hope Franklin Senior Fellow at the National Humanities Center. He is a Senior Research Scholar at the Center for Documentary Studies at Duke University and has appointments in the Duke Divinity School and the Department of History. <mask> teaches about race, religion and civil rights at the school.He works in the Department of American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The Hayti Heritage Center in Durham hosted <mask>'s "The South in Black and White" course for students of Duke, North Carolina Central University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In the fall of 2008, <mask> and Mary D. Williams led a community-based course called "Wilmington in Black and White." Participants explored the ways in which Southern history and culture can illuminate efforts at racial reconciliation and healing in one community. Blood Done Sign My Name <mask>'s books include Blood Done Sign My Name 2004, a memoir and history of the killing by whites of Henry Marrow, a black Army veteran, in Oxford, North Carolina in 1970. The African-American reaction to the all-white jury's verdict is explored in the book. A march to the capital and an 18-month boycott of white businesses resulted in integration in the town.<mask>'s master's thesis was based on research he did in the 1990s. The Blood of Emmett Till was written by <mask><mask>. The Till case has been investigated by law agencies and historians. There is a shocking Revelations by <mask><mask>. When <mask> released his book, The Blood of Emmett Till, he wanted the audience to like it. <mask> stated in his book that the women in question recanted their statements under oath. In his book promotions, <mask> stated that the women in question changed their statement.After the release of <mask>'s book, there was a new investigation into his claim. The Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division, the United States Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Mississippi, and the Mississippi District Attorney's Office are looking into <mask>'s claim. <mask> and his assistant were interviewed by the FBI. The FBI looked at <mask>'s notes. <mask> and his assistant couldn't prove that XXXX changed her testimony. A Blatant Fabrication is a mistake made by <mask> and his assistant. In order for the FBI to fine enough evidence, XXXX had to recant.The book won the Southern Book Award and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award after the FBI closed the case after three years. <mask> received a $200,000 cash prize in 2006 for his work in religion. Dozens of college and community reading programs have selected his book, including the University of North Carolina, the University of Iowa, and the University of North Carolina-Asheville. The writer and director of The Fugitive and Die Hard wrote and directed a movie based on Blood Done Sign My Name. In the summer of 2008, it was filmed in Charlotte, Gastonia, Monroe, and Statesville, North Carolina. Benjamin Chavis is played by the star of The Great Debaters. <mask> is a Methodist minister.Blood Done Sign My Name was released in February 2010. The play Blood Done Sign My Name was adapted from the book by Mike Wiley. On February 13, 2009, at the city hall in Oxford, North Carolina, it played to a packed house that gave it a standing ovation. The article "Black Power, and the Roots of the Black Freedom Struggle" was published in 1998. He published a book about Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power in 1999. The first book in U.S. history was the winner of the Frederick Jackson Turner Prize. Negroes with Guns: Rob Williams and Black Power is a documentary film produced by the University of Florida's Documentary Institute.It was broadcasted on national television. The best historical film from the Organization of American Historians was Negroes with Guns, which <mask> served as lead consultant. Democracy Betrayed: The Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 and Its Legacy was co-edited by <mask> and Cecelski. It was the 100th anniversary of the massacre and coup d'état. The Outstanding Book Award was given by the Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights in North America. <mask> wrote "Ghosts of 1898" for the Charlotte Observer and the Raleigh News and Observer. The special section was widely distributed.Legislation was passed by the North Carolina General Assembly to require teaching about the white supremacy campaigns in public schools. The National Association of Black Journalists gave an excellence award to "Ghosts of 1898". <mask> was arrested by Raleigh police on June 15, 2010 on charges of second-degree trespassing. He was with Rev. The President of the North Carolina Chapter of the NAACP and two other people took over seats on the Wake County school board to protest recent decisions. The school board's decision to change its diversity policy was opposed by them. The school board decided to change to a community school system because of parents' concerns.<mask> believes that this will lead to segregation. The Duke University Faculty Profile can be found on the NPR website.

masks:
Timothy B
. Tyson
Tyson
Martha Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Timothy B
. Tyson
Timothy B
. Tyson
Timothy Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Vernon Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson


texts: <mask> was an American auctioneer. He spent his entire career at the auction house, from 1974 to 2016 and was the longest serving auctioneer. He chaired the boards of several preservation and educational organizations. <mask> was born in 1949 in Canton, China, where his father was an American diplomat. The State Department withdrew him and his parents nine months later as the Red Army advanced on Canton. <mask> attended St. Stephen's School in Rome where he received his high school diplomas. He participated in anti-Vietnam War demonstrations after graduating from the Art History program.<mask> began his auction career as a catalog trainee. He joined the company to learn more about his hobby. He was an auctioneer by 1975. Redden created numerous new auction categories for the company, including the specialty categories such as "space-memorabilia", "baseball memorabilia, comic books, arcade machines, and computerized animation art." He was credited with developing the Internet strategy for Sotheby's in the late 1990s. <mask> is the manager and auctioneer for many live auctions. <mask> was a vice-chairman of the company from 2000 to 2000.He was the Worldwide Chairman of the company. Two first printings of the U.S. were included in <mask>'s sales. The Declaration of Independence, the Collections of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, the Empress Josephine's copy of Redoute's Les Liliacees containing the original watercolors, and a series of popular auctions for the Walt Disney Company are the largest. Several books about his sales have been written. The Barry Halper Collection of Baseball Memorabilia, The Washington-Lafayette Cincinnati Medal, James Naismith's manuscript for The Rules of Basketball, and Robert Kennedy's copy of The Emancipation Proclamation are some of the notable auctions. The papers of Martin Luther King Jr. were sold to the city of Atlanta by Redden, as was Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington. He was involved in the discovery of the missing first half of the manuscript.<mask> was the longest-serving auctioneer in the history of the company. The business practices of Christie's and Sotheby's were found to have colluded in the 1990s. <mask>, who had no prior knowledge of the crime, was the first staff member at either Christie's or Sotheby's to speak out publicly decrying the criminal activities of the leadership of the two firms. In Manhattan Gossip Girl: Season 3, Episode 3 "The Lost Boy" and A Late Quartet W.E., <mask> acted. The David ReddenConservation Science Fund, which awards grants to scientists of all ages and supports lectures and seminars, is one of the boards <mask> has chaired. He was a board member of the Hudson Highlands Land Trust, the Friends of Hudson River Park, the Madison Square Boys & Girls Club, and the Theater Institute at Storm King. He led $50 million in preservation efforts while he was Chairman of Scenic Hudson.He and his wife donated a portion of their property to the Hudson Highlands Land Trust. He was a sought-after auctioneer for many years. <mask> was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The physical decline has prevented Redden from finishing the editing of his Private Diary. The <mask>ALS Fund was created by his family to benefit research at Columbia University. <mask> married a Commissioner of the park. They have two children.People from Guangzhou and American philanthropists 1949 births.

masks:
David Redden
Redden
Redden
Redden
Redden
Redden
Redden
Redden
Redden
Redden
Redden
Redden
David Redden
Redden


texts: <mask> was a psychologist and writer. In 1955, Westenholz became a student and in 1969 he became a psychologist. He worked for Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening from 1969 to 76. He's included in the book of biographies, Krak's Blue Book. Over the course of his career as a writer, he has received financial support from Statens Kunstfond eight times. He received the Prix Italia in 1974 for his radio play. He received two grants in 1981 and 1988.His works are divided into four groups: works of fiction, works on psychology, biographical works on Vilhelm Jung and his own famous great aunt Karen Blixen's life and works. He is credited with the ideas behind two episodes of Huset p Christianshavn, namely #64, Karlas kald and #68, Dagen efter dagen derp. As a writer of fiction, he has written poetry, short stories, novels and plays, and he has dealt with both social realism and the fantastic. "<mask>z is difficult to read, but worth every effort" is the conclusion of a review written about him by a famous Danish writer and critic. One of the first Danes to seriously deal with fantasy, and one of the first to touch upon new age as a genre, is <mask>z. He sometimes writes to youngsters as a target group. He is one of the few Danes who write fantastic literature (fantasy, sci-fi, horror etc.).For mature readers. In addition to his work as a writer, <mask> has also worked as a translator. He will probably be best known for his translations of the American D&D-related fantasy series DragonLance Chronicles and DragonLance by Margaret Weis & Tracy Hickman as well as a number of works by Stephen King. There are works of fiction Polyp (English: Polyp), novel, 1968 Martyrium (English: Martyrdom), novel, 1970 and a short story in an anthology. gteskab, Skriget fra Golgatha, and The Glass Wall are all English novels. The Second Coming, novel, 1984 with Norman Lindtner S I rgen? Did you see the smoke?I den daglige Samtale (English: What's the Point? : Over- and Undertones in Daily Conversation), about interpersonal communication. What kind of therapy should I use?

masks:
Westenholz
Anders Westenhol
Anders Westenhol
Westenholz


texts: <mask> was an Irish barrister, politician and judge. He was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland. He published a number of attacks on members of the Irish Government in the form of a series of letters. <mask> was identified as the author of the letters after some delay. He was sentenced to prison for seditious libel. He was spared a prison sentence but forced to resign from the bench and continued his feud with the Dublin administration. He had made a similar anonymous attack on a senior Irish judge, Christopher Robinson, in 1779.He was the son of <mask>, who was described as a "decent, orderly apothecary and a good, orthodox, hard-praying Protestant". When he was almost 60, Thomas qualified as a physician because he was self-conscious about his humble origins. <mask>'s youngest brother was <mask>, a High Court judge. His career was hampered by <mask>'s disgrace, but he was seen as the abler lawyer of the two. <mask> married Susan Evans, daughter of John Evans of Dublin. Margaret married her cousin <mask> Alloway of Ballyshaneduff, County Laois, and had at least six children. He was called to the Bar in 1776 after entering the Middle Temple.He was appointed counsel to the Revenue Board after taking silk. Arthur Hill was his political patron in the 1790s. Henry Grattan, who knew the <mask> family well, noted cynically that <mask>'s father attributed Bob's success to the goodness of Providence, whereas everyone else did. His rise was thought to be due to his servility to those in power. He held the office of recorder. He was the Barracks Master for Dublin, a non- professional office which made him something of an object of ridicule. He served as an MP due to Downshire's patronage.In the aftermath of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, he criticized the authorities for being too soft on the rebels. He lost the patronage of Lord Downshire, who was one of the strongest opponents of Union, because he supported the Act of Union 1800. According to his family, Downshire took his own life due to his loss of political influence. After the Union took effect, <mask> was made a judge of the Common Pleas and briefly served as a member of the Irish Parliament. His promotion, which was very badly received by the legal profession, was undoubtedly his reward for supporting the Act of Union, as he was not highly regarded as a lawyer. He was compensated for the loss of his previous offices of revenue counsel. He had a country residence near Ballybrittas, County Laois, built by his son-in-law, as well as a town house in Dublin city centre.He lived in Paris after his disgrace. He was a member of the popular drinking club, The Monks of the Screw. A series of letters written by an author called "Juverna" were published in the weekly newspaper The Political Register. Some Irish nationalists used the name "Iverna" as a poetic symbol for Ireland. The Irish executive was attacked with venom by the "Juverna" letters. They suggested that the author was a judge. The Court of Common Pleas had a colleague who was noted for his bad temper and violent behavior.Fox was able to convince William Downes, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, of his innocence in a personal interview. <mask> may have fallen under suspicion because he had previously published an attack on a High Court judge under a different name. Daniel O'Connell probably spoke for many when he described <mask> as "dishonest", because he had few friends or admirers. His appointment to the bench was met with condemnation by the legal profession and his reputation for being subservient to the powerful aroused contempt. His case aroused little sympathy. The authorities took a severe view of the matter and issued a warrant for his arrest to stand trial for seditious libel. The Act of Parliament, the Apprehension of Offenders Act, gave the power to execute warrants from England to Ireland with the approval of a justice of the peace.Though it was convenient for the prosecution, there is no evidence that it was passed to deal with the <mask> case. <mask> tried to avoid prosecution by petitioning his judicial colleagues to cancel the warrant. After losing patience, Downes had him arrested and sent to London for trial. Downes told <mask> that his attempt to evade justice was as serious as the libel itself. He was spared a prison sentence after being convicted of seditious libel in the autumn of 1805. He was forced to resign from the bench after a year, but was given a pension of $1200. The rest of his life was spent at his daughter's country house in Laois.He made spirited attacks on any Government that was in power. He talked about military matters a lot in his last years, but he didn't know anything. His daughter <mask> Alloway died the previous year, and his grandson <mask> Alloway took over. The Judges in Ireland 1221-1921 London John Murray 1926 Burke, John and Burke, Bernard "Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland" London Henry Colburn 1849 Cole, G.D.H. The Life of William Cobbett was published in 2011. A History of the King's Serjeants-at-law at law in Ireland Dublin Four Courts Press 2000 Memoirs of the life and times of the Right Hon. Henry Grattan was a writer.The removal of judges under the Act of Settlement 1701 was written by Michael L. Nash. The Middle Temple Lawyers from Dublin were members of the Irish Common Pleas.

masks:
Robert Johnson
Johnson
Thomas Johnson
Robert
William Johnson
Robert
Robert
William Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Margaret Johnson
Robert Morellet


texts: <mask> was an Italian painter whose work reflected the International Gothic style with a Venetian influence. The Birth of the Virgin and Presentation in the Temple were designed by him. The Man of Sorrows is one of his best known paintings. They are the St. Peter and the National Gall. There is an art museum in Washington, D.C. <mask> was born in Venice in 1400. His parents were painters.He was married in 1420. Giambono has no known portrait and little is known of his personal life. He was an artist of the International Gothic style of art prevalent in Europe during the last half of the 14th century and the early years of the 15th century and decorated frames and wood in gold and polychromy. He is best known for his mosaic designs in the Mascoli Chapel, San Marco, Venice, but he is also an accomplished panel painter. Giambono died in Venice. The International Gothic style is characterized by elegant and graceful figures with noble men and women wearing elaborate jewelry and richly embroidered clothes. Nature's leaves, flowers, insects, birds, are rendered with near microscopic detail in landscapes and architectural settings.Light, bright colors and especially gold are used in the artwork of the period. <mask> was a follower of Jacobello del Fiore, Gentile da Fabriano, and Pisanello. The Birth and the Presentation are depicted in two mosaics on the left vault of the Mascoli Chapel. The Birth panel is similar to art work by Gentile da Fabriano. A group of people surround a baby in front of a building. The mosaic has decorative elements that make it look complex and detailed. The life cycle of the Virgin continues on the opposite side of the vault in Mascoli Chapel.The style of these two panels is different. The building has several classical triangular shaped construction elements above horizontal structures with rounded arches and Corinthian capitals that are associated with the Florentine Renaissance style. The three-dimensional structure of the facades is realistic. The International Gothic style is represented in a painting by a youthful St. Chrysogonus wearing a suit of armor and a cloak embroidered with a raised black and gold pattern. The posture and color of the white horse is highlighted by the dark green trees that serve as a background in the lower half of the picture. Above the trees, the sky is represented by a gold ground. The emblems on the shield, flag and angels in the top corners of the painting create a Christian theme with the Saint in a protective role.The "tense pose of the Saint", suggested movement of the horse, and the flowing shape of the cloak provide an emotional force that is not seen in comparable paintings of this time period. The Virgin and Child are silhouetted against a brocaded textile in the Galleria Franchetti, Ca' d'Oro, Venice. The Christ- Child's rounded features contrast with the Virgin's facial features. A goldfinch is being held by a child. There is a richly decorated velvet background with a fruit associated with blood, death and resurrection. The pattern of textiles featuring the fruit was widely adopted by Italians. <mask> was one of the first Italian artists to use the iconographic meaning of these textiles in a Christian context.The painting is important because it is one of the few surviving examples of a Venetian portrait. The subject is dressed in a robe with fur on its neck. The man is wearing an oversized hat and a doublet under his robe. The facial features of the man suggest he is a northern European who was living in Venice. The portrait has been attributed to Gentile de Fabriano and Pisanello, but the generalized facial characteristics set against a bluish background are typical of <mask>'s work. There are five panels depicting a religious saint in the polyptych. St James the Greater occupies the larger central panel with St John the Evangelist and St Filippo Benizzi to the left and St Michael the Archangel and St Louis of Toulouse to the right.The figures provide a rhythm to the polyptych. The figures are painted in bright colors against a gold ground. The influence of Pisanello is reflected in the depiction of the Archangel Michael with his heavy armor and pale face. The Man of Sorrows was a man. The Man of Sorrows depicts the small figure of Saint Francis at the left side of the picture. Christ is in an open tomb with a gash on the right side of his abdomen caused by a lance and wounds to his hands from crucifixion. There is still life in Christ's partially lowered head and extended arms.Blood gushes from wounds carved into the panel. St. Francis is receiving the stigmata from the wounds of Christ. The VeniceCoronation of a Virgin, also known as Paradise, was commissioned from Giambono in 1447 by Giovanni Dotto. The work was supposed to be in the Church of S. Agnese but is now in Venice. The painting was supposed to be similar to the one painted by Antonio Vivarini and Giovanni d'Alemagna for the church. Further reading Hartt, Frederick, and David. The History of Italian Renaissance Art 7th Edition was published by Pearson.The Dictionary of Art was written by Norman E. Land. London, 1996, vol., was written by Jane Turner. There was a score of 579–581. It was included in the Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance and Mannerist Art. Jane Turner had 2 volumes. London, 2000 There are no comments at this time.According to Burlington Magazine, Giambono's "Coronation of the Virgin" was a new proposal. There are no comments at this time. There are two panels by Giambono on St. Francis and the Man of Sorrows in Venetian Painting. There are no comments at this time. The Pantheon published a new proposal for Giambono's Altarpiece. There are no comments at this time. The Master of the San Marino 'Saints' and Other Followers of Giambono was mentioned.23-38 was recorded in 1-2 1982. A New Panel by <mask> and a Reconstructed Altarpiece was published in 1984. Konsthistorisk tidskrift said, "<mask>, Cennino Cennini and Fantasia." Stokstad, Marilyn. Westview Press has a second edition of Medieval Art. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History 3rd Edition is published by Pearson.The Metropolitan Museum of Art has external links.

masks:
Giambono
Giambono
Giambono
Giambono
Giambono
Giambono
Michele Giambono


texts: The leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955 was <mask>, the 1st Earl <mask>. From 1935 to 1940, he was the leader of the opposition and from 1951 to 1955 he was the leader of the coalition government. The son of a wealthy London solicitor was born into an upper-middle-class family. He practiced as a barrister after graduating from the University of Oxford. He was exposed to poverty while volunteering in London's East End and his political views shifted left after that. He became a member of the Independent Labour Party and began lecturing at the London School of Economics. He was an officer in the First World War.He was elected Member of Parliament for Limehouse in 1922. During MacDonald's second minority, Attlee joined the Cabinet and served in the first Labour minority government. He became the party's deputy leader after retaining his seat in Labour's 1931 defeat. He became a critic of the appeasement of Hitler and Mussolini in the lead-up to the Second World War after being elected leader of the Labour Party. After taking Labour into the coalition government in 1940, Attlee became Lord Privy Seal and then as the deputy prime minister. After the end of the European front of WWII, the war cabinet was dissolved and elections were scheduled to take place. Attlee led the Labour Party to victory in the 1945 general election.The first Labour majority government was built by Attlee. His government's Keynesian approach to economic management aimed to maintain full employment, a mixed economy and a greatly enlarged system of social services provided by the state. The creation of the National Health Service in 1948, the passing of the National Insurance Act in 1946, and the enlargement of public subsidies for council house were some of the social reforms it undertook. The New Towns Act 1946, which established the town and country planning system, was passed by the government that reformed trade union legislation, working practices and children's services. The partition of India in 1947 was one of the decolonization efforts that Attlee delegated to Ernest Bevin. The United States was encouraged to take a vigorous role in the Cold War by Bevin and he called on Washington to counter the Communists in Greece. The Truman Doctrine was used to codify the strategy of containment.He supported the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe with American money and promoted the NATO military alliance against the Soviet bloc. He sent British troops to fight in the Korean War after leading Labour to a narrow victory. Despite his social reforms and economic programme, the country DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch The Conservatives narrowly defeated his party in the 1951 general election despite winning the most votes. After losing the 1955 election as Labour leader, he retired and was elevated to the House of Lords, where he served until his death in 1967. He was modest and quiet in public, but behind the scenes his knowledge, quiet demeanor and objectivity proved decisive. He is a great British prime minister.Thanks to the creation of the modern welfare state and the establishment of the National Health Service, Attlee's reputation among scholars has grown. He is praised for his continued relationship with the US and involvement in NATO. Attlee is the leader of the Labour Party. On January 3, 1884, Attlee was born into an upper middle-class family, the seventh of eight children. His mother was the daughter of the secretary for the Art Union of London. His parents read prayers and psalms at breakfast. Attlee was raised in a two-storey villa with a large garden and tennis court.His father was a senior partner in the law firm of Druces and served as president of the Law Society of England and Wales. He purchased an estate in Essex in 1898. Attlee was sent to board at Northaw Place at the age of nine. He followed in his brothers' footsteps and attended Haileybury College. He was influenced by the Darwinist views of his housemaster, and in 1899 he published an attack on striking London cab-drivers in the school magazine. University College, Oxford, was where Attlee went in 1901 to read modern history. He and his brother Tom were given a generous stipend by their father and embraced the university lifestyle.He was described by a tutor as a level-headed, dependable man with no brilliance of style, but with excellent sound judgement. He described his views at the time as "good old fashioned imperialist conservative". He graduated with second-class honours from the Bachelor of Arts in 1904. In March 1906, Attlee was called to the bar after training as a barrister. He didn't like working at his father's law firm and didn't want to succeed in the legal profession. He was a player for non-League club Fleet. The estate of Attlee's father was valued at over seventy thousand dollars.He served as the club's manager from 1909 to 1907 after becoming a volunteer at the club in 1906. His political views had been more conservative. After seeing poverty and deprivation while working with slum children, he realized that private charity wouldn't be enough to alleviate poverty and that direct action by the state was the only way to go. He converted to socialism as a result of this. He became active in local politics after joining the Independent Labour Party. He was unsuccessful in his first election as an ILP candidate. He was a secretary for Toynbee Hall for a short time in 1909.He worked for the campaign to popularise the Minority Report as he was very active in socialist circles and would visit many political societies to explain and popularise the ideas. He was employed by the UK Government to explain the National Insurance Act. He explained the act at public meetings during the summer of that year. He became a lecturer at the London School of Economics after a year. During the First World War, Attlee applied to join the British Army. Initially his application was turned down, as he was 31 years old at the time, but he was eventually commissioned as a lieutenant in the 6th (service) battalion on September 30, 1914. He was promoted to captain and battalion adjutant in February 1915.The 6th South Lancashires were part of the 38th brigade of the 13th division and served in Turkey. Tom, who was a conscientious objector, spent a lot of the war in prison because of his brother's decision to fight. Attlee was put on a ship bound for England after he fell ill with dysentery and collapsed. When he woke up, he wanted to get back to work as soon as possible, so he stayed in the hospital in order to recover. A large number of his friends were killed in the Battle of Sari Bair. After returning to action, he was told that his company had been chosen to hold the final lines. He was the last man to be evacuated from Suvla Bay.The First Lord of the Admiralty had engineered the campaign. Although it was unsuccessful, Attlee believed that it could have been a success if it had been implemented on the ground. Their working relationship would be productive in later years because of their admiration for each other. He was badly wounded in 1916 when he was hit in the leg by a piece of metal while storming an enemy trench in Iraq. He was sent to India and then back to the UK. He became known as "Major <mask>" after being promoted to the temporary rank of major on March 1, 1917. He spent most of 1917 training soldiers in England.The L (later 10th) Battalion, the Tank Corps, had a temporary commanding officer from 2 to 9 July 1917. He assumed command of the 30th Company of the same battalion on July 9, 1917, but did not deploy to France with it in December 1917. After fully recovering from his injuries, he was sent to France in June 1918 to serve on the Western Front. After being discharged from the Army in January 1919, he returned to Stepney and began lecturing part-time at the London School of Economics. While on a trip to Italy in 1921, Attlee met the woman she is married to. They were married at Christ Church, Hampstead, on January 10, 1922. It would be a devoted marriage, with Attlee providing protection and Violet providing a home that was an escape for Attlee from political turmoil.She died in 1964. Lady Janet Helen was married to the scientist Harold Shipton in 1947 and they had four children. Martin Richard, Viscount Prestwood, 2nd Earl Attlee, and Lady Alison Elizabeth all married Richard Davis. After the end of the war, Attlee returned to local politics, becoming mayor of the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney, one of London's most deprived inner-city boroughs. Slum landlords who charged high rents but refused to spend money on maintaining their property were tackled by the council during his time as mayor. The council ordered homeowners to fix their property. It took action to find work for returning unemployed ex-servicemen after appointing health visitors and sanitary inspectors.In 1920, while mayor, he wrote his first book, The Social Worker, which set out many of the principles that informed his political philosophy and that were to underpin the actions of his government in later years. The idea of looking after the poor was attacked by the book. Although it may be composed of self-reliant individuals, there will be some who will be unable at some point of their lives to look after themselves, and the question of what is to happen to them may be solved in three ways. Charity is only possible if there is a loss of dignity between equals. An allowance made by a rich man to a poor one, dependent on his view of the recipient's character, and terminable at his caprice, is less galling than a right established by law, such as that to an old age pension. George Lansbury, the future leader of the Labour Party, launched the Poplar Rates Rebellion to equalise the poor relief burden across all the London boroughs. Attlee was a friend of Lansbury.One of the main figures in the London Labour Party, Herbert Morrison, denounced Lansbury and the rebellion. Attlee developed a lifelong dislike of Morrison. Attlee became the Member of Parliament for the constituency of Limehouse in Stepney at the 1922 general election. He helped Ramsay MacDonald get elected as Labour Party leader at the 1922 leadership election. He was MacDonald's Parliamentary Private Secretary in 1922. In 1924, he served as Under-Secretary of State for War in the first Labour government. The General Strike should not be used as a political weapon according to Attlee.He didn't try to undermine it when it happened. He was the chairman of the committee at the time of the strike. The Electrical Trade Union would end power supplies to factories in exchange for continued power supplies to hospitals. The Conservative members of the committee did not support the civil action taken against <mask> and the other Labour members. The court ordered Attlee and his colleagues to pay damages. The financial problems caused by the episode almost forced Attlee out of politics. The multi-party Simon Commission was set up in 1927 to examine the possibility of granting self-rule to India.Due to the time he needed to devote to the commission, he was not initially offered a ministerial post in the Second Labour Government, which entered office after the 1929 general election. During his time on the Commission, Attlee was exposed to India and many of its political leaders. The social and economic reforms that were necessary for India's progress were not made by British rule. He prepared the British leader for his role in deciding on independence in 1947 by becoming the British leader most sympathetic to Indian independence. In May 1930, Oswald Mosley left the Labour Party and was given the post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster by Attlee. When the Labour government fell in August 1931, he held the post of Postmaster General for five months. The Labour Party expelled MacDonald and his allies after they formed a National Government with the Conservatives and Liberals.MacDonald offered Attlee a job in the National Government, but he turned it down and stayed loyal to the Labour party. Labour was deeply divided after the formation of the National Government. Most Labour politicians felt betrayed by Attlee, who had been close to MacDonald. During the course of the second Labour government, Attlee became more and more dissatisfied with MacDonald, who he regarded as vain and incompetent. He wrote that he had looked up to MacDonald as a great leader. He was an oratorical power and had a fine presence. The unpopular line he took during the First World War seemed to mark him as a man of character.I didn't appreciate his defects until he took office a second time. His habit of telling me, a junior Minister, the poor opinion he had of all his Cabinet colleagues made an unpleasant impression on me, as I realized his reluctance to take positive action. I didn't think he would perpetrate the greatest betrayal in the political history of this country. The loyal workers of the rank-and-file who had made great sacrifice for these men were shocked by the shock of the Party. The 1931 general election was a disaster for the Labour Party, which lost over 200 seats and only 52 MPs. The leader of the party lost his seat. The majority of Attlee's seat was slashed from 7,288 to 551.He was one of three Labour MPs who had experience of government and were able to retain their seats. Lansbury was elected leader with <mask> as his deputy. Most of the remaining Labour MPs after 1931 were elderly trade union officials who could not contribute much to debates, Lansbury was in his 70s, and Stafford Cripps was inexperienced. As one of the most capable and experienced of the remaining Labour MPs, Attlee shouldered a lot of the burden of providing an opposition to the National Government in the years 1931–35. After Lansbury broke his thigh in an accident, Attlee served as acting leader for nine months. Personal financial problems almost forced Attlee to quit politics. There was no separate salary for the leader of the opposition when his wife became ill.He was persuaded to stay in Parliament by Stafford Cripps, a wealthy socialist, who agreed to make a donation to party funds to pay him an additional salary until Lansbury could take over again. Attlee was briefly a member of the Socialist League, which was formed by former Independent Labour Party (ILP) members, after flirting with radicalism and drawing back from it. He agreed with the idea that a socialist government would have to pass an emergency powers act in order to restore democracy and that gradual reform was insufficient. He liked Oliver Cromwell's use of generals to control England. After looking more closely at Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, and his former colleague Oswald Mosley, Attlee retreated from his radicalism, and argued that the Labour Party must adhere to. He was close to King George VI and supported the crown. George Lansbury resigned as Leader of the Labour Party at the 1935 Party Conference after delegates voted in favor of sanctions against Italy.Lansbury was unable to continue leading the party because of his opposition to the policy. Stanley Baldwin announced on 19 October that a general election would be held on 14 November, taking advantage of the disarray in the Labour Party. On the understanding that a leadership election would be held after the general election, the party agreed that Attlee should serve as interim leader. Labour won 38 per cent of the vote in the 1935 election, the highest share it had won up to that point, and gained over one hundred seats. Herbert Morrison was seen as the favourite, but was distrusted by many sections of the party, especially the left, as he stood against Attlee in the leadership election. Arthur Greenwood was a popular figure in the party, but his leadership bid was hampered

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texts: by his alcohol problem. Having already led the party through a general election, Attlee was able to come across as a competent and unifying figure.He was elected Leader of the Labour Party on December 3, 1935, after coming first in both the first and second ballots. Throughout the 1920s and most of the 1930s, the Labour Party's official policy was to oppose rearmament, instead supporting internationalism and collective security under the League of Nations. Attlee said that the Labour Party had abandoned any idea of nationalist loyalty. We are putting a world order before our country. We want to make our people citizens of the world before they are citizens of this country. "We are told in the White Paper that there is danger against which we have to guard ourselves," Attlee said during the debate. We don't think you can do it by national defence.You can only do it if you move forward to a new world. A world of law, a world force and a world economic system. I will be told that it is impossible. Hitler declared that German rearmament was not a threat to world peace. The next day, Attlee said that Hitler's speech gave them a chance to call a halt to the armaments race. We are in an age of rearmaments, but we can't accept that position. Despite Baldwin's threat to step down if Edward tried to remain on the throne, Labour were widely accepted not to be a viable alternative government due to the National.On November 24, 1936, Attlee and Sinclair agreed with Baldwin and Sinclair that Edward could not remain on the throne and that Baldwin should resign. In April 1936, the Chancellor of the Exchequer introduced a Budget which increased the amount spent on the armed forces. In June 1936, the Conservative MP Duff Cooper called for an Anglo-French alliance against possible German aggression and called for all parties to support one. "Any suggestion of an alliance of this kind, in which one country is bound to another, right or wrong, by some overwhelming necessity, is contrary to the spirit of the League of Nations," said Attlee. There can be no question of the Labour Party supporting the Government's rearmament policy. The policy lost credibility due to the ineffectiveness of the League of Nations and the rising threat from Nazi Germany. By 1937, Labour supported rearmament and opposed the policy of appeasement.<mask> and a group of Labour MPs went to Spain at the end of 1937 to visit the British battalion fighting in the Spanish Civil War. The Major Attlee Company was named after him. In the House of Commons, Attlee stated that he couldn't understand the idea that Franco would become independent if he won with Italian and German aid. I don't think it's a good idea. Franco would ally with Germany and Italy according to the spokesman for the Labour Party. Franco's subsequent behavior proved that it was not a ridiculous proposition. If Franco had lost the Civil War, Hitler would have occupied Spain.We all feel relief that war has not come this time, because Attlee opposed the Munich Agreement, in which Chamberlain negotiated with Hitler to give Germany the German-speaking parts of the Sudetenland. We have been through a lot of anxiety, but we can't feel peace because we are in a state of war. We were unable to go in for rejoicing. We feel like we are in the middle of a tragedy. We have been humiliated. This isn't a victory for reason or humanity. It was a victory for brute force.The owner and ruler of armed force set time limits at every stage of the proceedings. The terms have not been negotiated. The people were betrayed and handed over to a ruthless dictator. We have seen more. The cause of democracy has received a terrible defeat in our opinion. ... One of the greatest diplomatic defeats that this country and France have ever suffered is the events of the last few days.There is no doubt that it is a huge victory for Hitler. Without firing a shot, he has achieved a dominating position in Europe which Germany failed to win after four years of war. The balance of power in Europe has been overturned by him. The last fortress of democracy in Eastern Europe was destroyed by him. He has opened his way to the food, the oil and the resources he needs in order to consolidate his military power, and he has defeated the forces that might have stood against the rule of violence. The cause of the crisis was not the existence of minorities in Czechoslovakia, but the position of the Sudeten Germans. It wasn't the wonderful principle of self- determination.The time was ripe for another step forward in Hitler's design to dominate Europe. ... The question of minorities is not new. The problem of Germans in Czechoslovakia succeeded that of the Czechs in German Austria, just as the problem of Germans in the Tyrol succeeded that of the Italians. The new Czechoslovakian state did not give equal rights to the Slovaks and Sudeten Germans. There had been discrimination against the Sudeten Germans. In 1937, Attlee wrote a book called The Labour Party in Perspective that set out some of his views.He argued that there was no point in Labour compromising on its socialist principles in the belief that it would achieve electoral success. If the Labour Party dropped socialism and adopted a Liberal platform, many Liberals would be happy to support it. I have heard people say that if Labour dropped its nationalisation policy, everyone would be happy and it would get a majority. I think it would be fatal for the Labour Party. He wrote that there was no point in watering down Labour's socialist creed in order to attract new followers who can't accept the full socialist faith. It is only a clear and bold policy that will get the support. A Jewish mother and her two children were sponsored by Attlee to emigrate to the UK in 1939.After arriving in Britain, Attlee invited one of the children into his home in Stanmore, where he stayed for several months. The Second World War broke out in 1939 and Attlee remained leader of the opposition. The motion of no confidence was put forward by the Norwegian Campaign. The reputation of the administration was so badly damaged that a coalition government was necessary. Even if Attlee had volunteered to serve in an emergency coalition government, he wouldn't have been able to carry Labour with him. On 10 May 1940, Labour and the Conservatives formed a coalition government with <mask> joining the Cabinet as Lord Privy Seal. Labour should have more than one third of the posts in the coalition government, after <mask> and Churchill agreed that the War Cabinet would consist of three Conservatives and two Labour members.During a series of War Cabinet debates over whether or not to negotiate peace terms with Hitler following the Fall of France in May 1940, Attlee and Greenwood supported Churchill and gave him the majority he needed in the War Cabinet to continue Britain's resistance. The Government of National Unity was formed in May 1940, but only Attlee and Churchill remained in the War Cabinet. Before becoming Britain's first ever deputy prime minister in 1942, Attlee was initially the Lord Privy Seal. Attlee worked behind the scenes and in committees to make sure the smooth operation of the government during the war. Three committees ran the country in the coalition government. The first two, the War Cabinet and the Defence Committee, with Attlee deputising for him, and answering for the government in Parliament, were chaired by Churchill. The Lord President's Committee was chaired by Attlee and was responsible for overseeing domestic affairs.Both men were suited by this arrangement as they were most concerned with overseeing the war effort. The arrangements were largely created by Attlee himself, and he was responsible for streamlining the machinery of government and abolishing many committees. He smoothed over tensions between Labour and Conservative Ministers in the government. He looked and spoke like an insignificant elderly clerk, without distinction in the voice, manner or substance of his discourse, and many Labour activists were baffled by the top leadership role for a man they regarded as having little charisma. The Parliamentary Leader of the Labour Party is pitiable. After the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of the War in Europe in May 1945, the coalition government remained in place until Japan was defeated. After Herbert Morrison made it clear that the Labour Party wouldn't accept this, the Prime Minister had to tender his resignation and call an election.The war set in motion profound social changes within Britain, and led to a widespread popular desire for social reform. The mood was typified in the Beveridge Report by William Beveridge. The basis for the welfare state would be assumed to be the maintenance of full employment, according to the Report. Hundreds of thousands of copies were sold after its release. Most historians agree that Attlee's Labour Party were seen by the electorate as the most likely to follow through on their pledges. Labour ran a strong and positive campaign on the theme of "Let Us Face the Future", positioning themselves as the party best placed to rebuild Britain after the war, while the Conservative campaign centered entirely around the man. Despite opinion polls indicating a strong Labour lead, opinion polls were viewed as a novelty which had not proven their worth, and most commentators expected that Churchill's prestige and status as a "war hero" would ensure a comfortable Conservative victory.According to The Manchester Guardian, the chances of Labour sweeping the country and getting a clear majority are pretty remote. A pundit in Glasgow predicted a Conservative majority, while the News of the World predicted a Labour majority. During the campaign, he made some costly errors. His suggestion that a future Labour Government would need some form of a gestapo to implement their policies was seen as being in bad taste and backfired. The results of the election came as a surprise to most, including Attlee. The Conservatives got 36 per cent of the vote, but Labour won 47.7% of the vote. They had a working majority of 146 in the House of Commons.The Labour Party won a majority in Parliament for the first time. When Attlee went to see King George VI at Buckingham Palace to be appointed Prime Minister, the notoriously laconic Attlee and the famously tongue-tied King stood in silence; Attlee finally volunteered the remark, "I've won the election". The King said he knew. I heard it on the news. As Prime Minister, Attlee appointed Hugh Dalton as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Ernest Bevin as Foreign Secretary, and Herbert Morrison as deputy prime minister, with responsibility for nationalisation. Ellen Wilkinson, the only woman to serve in Attlee's cabinet, was appointed Minister of Education. The Attlee government was a radical one.Between 1945 and 1948, over 200 public Acts of Parliament were passed, with eight major pieces of legislation placed on the statute book. Francis argues that there was consensus in the Labour's national executive committee and at party conferences on a definition of socialism that emphasized moral improvement as well as material improvement. The <mask> government was committed to rebuilding British society as an ethical commonwealth, using public ownership and controls to abolish extremes of wealth and poverty. The Conservative Party's defence of individualism, inherited privileges, and income inequality contrasted sharply with Labour's ideology. <mask>e replied to a letter from James Murray and ten other MPs who were concerned about the arrival of West Indians. The prime minister wasn't focused on economic policy and let others handle the issues. The British Medical Association objected to the creation of the National Health Service by Health Attlee's Health Minister.This publicly funded healthcare system offered treatment for free at the point of use. In its first year of operation, the National Health Service treated 8 and a half million dental patients and gave away more than 5 million pairs of glasses. The government set about implementing the plans of William Beveridge for a welfare state. It created a new system of social security. The National Insurance Act of 1946, which required people in work to pay a flat rate of national insurance, was one of the most important pieces of legislation. They were eligible for a wide range of benefits, including pensions, sickness benefit, unemployment benefit, and funeral benefit. Child benefit and support for people with no other source of income are some pieces of legislation.Unemployment, sickness and maternity benefits were not taxed in 1949. The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 instructed county councils to prepare development plans and also provided compulsory purchase powers, while the Housing The New Towns Act 1946 set up development corporations to construct new towns. The power of local authorities to take houses and parts of houses was extended by the Attlee government. Grants of 75 per cent in the Highlands and Islands were provided by the Housing (Scotland) Act 1949. In 1949, local authorities were given the power to provide public housing for people with poor health. The amount of money that people could borrow from their local authority to purchase or build a home was raised from £800 to £1,500 in 1945, and from £5,000 in 1949. Local authorities had a duty to provide emergency temporary housing for families who become homeless through no fault of their own.The aim of the house-building programme was to provide millions of people with high-quality homes. Treasury subsidies were increased for the construction of local authority housing in England and Wales. Subsidies kept down council rents and four out of five houses constructed under Labour were built to more generous specifications than before the Second World War. These policies provided public-sector housing with its biggest-ever boost up until that point, while low-income people particularly benefited from these developments. Although the Attlee government failed to meet its targets, over a million new homes were built between 1945 and 1951, which ensured that decent, affordable housing was available to many low-income families for the first time ever. Improvements were made to improve conditions for women and children. Universal family allowances were introduced to provide financial support to households for raising children.The first measure pushed through parliament by Attlee's government was the legislated benefits. Conservatives criticized Labour for being too hasty in introducing allowances family. The Married Women (Maintenance) Act 1949 was enacted with the intention of improving and the Married Women (Restraint Upon Anticipation) Act 1949 was enacted with the intention of equalizing. The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 was amended to protect prostitutes from abduction and abuse. The Criminal Justice Act 1948 restricted imprisonment for juvenile offenders and the Justices of the Peace Act 1949 led to reforms of the courts. The marriage bar in the Civil Service was abolished by the Attlee government. The National Institute of Houseworkers was established in 1946 to provide a social democratic variety of domestic service.By late 1946, agreed standards of training were established, followed by the opening of a training headquarters and an additional nine training centers in Wales, Scotland and Great Britain. Domestic help should be provided for households where the presence of any person who is ill, lying-in, an expectant mother, mentally deficient, aged or a child not over compulsory school age is required, according to the National Health Service Act 1946. By 1952 some 20,000 women were engaged in the provision of home-helps for nursing and expectant mothers and mothers with children under the age of five. The government tried to take all development profits while nationalising planning and development rights. Strong planning authorities were set up to control land use, and issued manuals of guidance which stressed the importance of protecting agricultural land. A strong lead in regional development policies was provided by a chain of regional offices. The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 allowed

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