texts: <mask> was an American Marine Corps naval aviator, writer of many aviation articles and stories in a variety of leading publications, and manager of the promotional tours of aviation pioneers. He argued that the U.S. government should conduct research on aliens and release their files. In the 1950s and early to mid-1960s, <mask> was seen as the leader in the field of ufology. <mask> was born and raised in Ottumwa, Iowa. He received his B.S. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps after graduating from the United States Naval Academy. During an airplane crash in Guam in 1922, his arm was injured.<mask> began writing as a hobby after his convalescence. <mask> retired from the Marines in 1923 because of the injury he sustained while returning to active duty. He was employed by the National Geodetic Survey and the U.S. Department of Commerce. The coast-to-coast tour was very popular in 1927. <mask>'s first book was Flying With Lindbergh. Many of <mask>'s articles and fictional stories appeared in a variety of leading publications after the book was a success. During World War II, <mask> returned to active duty in the Naval Aviation Training Division before retiring again at the rank of major.By the time his books appeared, <mask> was already a well-established author, with appearances in the pulp magazines of the 1920s and 1930s. "The Grim Passenger", "The Mystery Under the Sea", and " Through the Vortex" were all published in Weird Tales. The lead novel for the three issues of Dr. was produced by him. "The Mystery of the Dragon's Shadow", "The Mystery of the Golden Skull" and "The Mystery of the Singing Mummies" were written in 1936. The Doctor was opposed by a hero. <mask> created two larger-than-life superheros in the air adventure genre and wrote a number of air adventure stories. The first to be referred to as "the Brain Devil" was Captain Philip Strange.During World War I, Captain Strange was an American intelligence officer who was gifted with ESP and other mental powers. He is a minor member of the WoldNewton universe. Richard Knight, a World War I veteran who was blinded in combat but gained a supernatural ability to see in the dark, was Keyhoe's other "superpowered" flying ace. There were a number of adventure stories written in the 1930s. The "Eric Trent" series was one of the series he wrote, along with the "The Devil Dog Squadron" and "The Jailbird Flight". Many of <mask>'s stories for the pulps were science fiction or Weird Fantasy, or contained a significant measure of these elements, a fact that was not lost on later critics of his UFO books. He worked for Saturday Evening Post, The Nation, and Reader's Digest.Following Kenneth Arnold's report of strange, fast- moving aerial objects in the summer of 1947, interest in "flying disks" and "flying saucers" was widespread, and <mask> followed the subject with some interest, though he was initially skeptical of any extraordinary answer. True, a popular American men's magazine, had been asking officials about the flying saucer question for some time. After the U.S. Air Force released conflicting information about the saucers, editor Ken Purdy turned to <mask>, who had written for the magazine, but who also had many friends and contacts in the military and the Pentagon. Keyhoe became convinced that the flying saucers were real after some investigation. As their forms, flight maneuvers, speeds and light technology was apparently far ahead of any nation's developments, Keyhoe became convinced that the U.S. government was trying to suppress the whole truth about the subject. Keyhoe found a response to his questions about flying saucers. He was denied access to saucer-related documents despite being told there was nothing to the subject."Flying Saucers Are Real" was published in the January 1950 issue of True and caused a sensation. It is rumored among magazine publishers that <mask>'s article in True was one of the most widely read and widely discussed magazine articles in history, according to the first head of Project Blue Book. The article was expanded into a book, The Flying Saucers Are Real, which sold over half a million copies. He argued that the Air Force downplayed reports of flying saucers to avoid public panic. The aliens, wherever their origins or intentions, did not seem hostile, and had likely been surveilling the earth for two hundred years or more, though <mask> wrote that their "observation suddenly increased in 1947, following the series of A-." The book was described by Dr. Michael D. Swords as "a rather sensational but accurate account of the matter." It was praised as "cogent, intelligent and persuasive."<mask> wrote more books about aliens. Flying Saucers from Outer Space is based on interviews and official reports from the Air Force. Albert M. Chop, the Air Force's press secretary in the Pentagon, praised <mask> as a "responsible, accurate reporter" and expressed approval for his arguments in favor of the extraterrestrial hypothesis. <mask>'s first two books were based on official material and studiously avoid the wild speculations, naivete or prejudice of other publications according to Carl Jung. The United States government was accused of engaging in a conspiracy to cover up knowledge of flying saucers in the book The Flying Saucer Conspiracy. The existence of a "silence group" is claimed by Keyhoe. <mask>'s belief system was changed by the Flying Saucer Conspiracy.The central theme was no longer flying saucers, but the silence group and its coverup. The flying saucer myth would be dominated by <mask>'s beliefs for the next two decades. There are claims in the book of a possible discovery of an "orbiting space base" or a "moon base" that could cause a public panic. The Flying Saucer Conspiracy included legends of the disappearances. <mask> sensationalized claims of unusual structures on the moon. The National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) was founded by <mask>. He was one of several prominent professional, military or scientific figures on the board of directors, which lent the group a degree of legitimacy.The newsletter was mailed to its members. Due to financial problems, the newsletter was often delivered on a more erratic basis. In 1959 two issues were published, but in 1958 four issues were published. The founder of NICAP was ousted as director after being accused of financial incompetence. The organization faced financial shortfalls and crises throughout <mask>'s twelve years as director, but he was only slightly better at managing NICAP's finances. From the late 1950s to the late 1960s, it was the largest and most influential civilian group in the United States. With <mask> in the lead, NICAP pressed hard for Congressional hearings.During the early and mid-1960s,NICAP's membership peaked at about 15,000, but only a small amount of interest from government officials. The Air Force's Project Blue Book was being criticized more and more. In 1966 a chorus called for an independent scientific investigation of unexplained flying objects. The University of Colorado formed the Condon Committee with this goal in mind, but it quickly became mired in infighting and controversy. The so-called "Trick Memo", an embarrassing memorandum written by the Condon Committee coordinator which seemed to suggest that the ostensibly objective and neutral committee had determined to pursue a debunking operation well before even beginning their studies, was publicized. On January 22, 1958, <mask> appeared on a CBS live television show to speak on the topic of aliens. The evidence that will prove that the aliens are machines under intelligent control is being evaluated by a U.S. Congressional committee.The audio portion of the broadcast was stopped. The CBS director of editing stated that the program had been carefully cleared for security reasons. On March 8, 1958, <mask> appeared on The Mike Wallace Interview on ABC and spoke about flying saucers, contactees and the details of the Armstrong Circle Theatre censorship, which he blamed on the Air Force rather than CBS. On the May 23, 1967, episode of To Tell the Truth, <mask> received three of four possible votes. An episode of the television series Project Blue Book had an actor portraying <mask>. <mask> is a writer who federal agents try to intimidate into clearing his UFO stories before publication in the episode "The Lubbock Lights". Critics within NICAP blamed <mask> for the organization's decline in the late 1960s.He was accused of being too authoritarian in his leadership style by some NICAP members. <mask> had to lay off five of NICAP's nine staff members because the organization was facing bankruptcy. The organization's newsletter moved from being delivered on a reliable monthly basis in the mid-1960s to an increasingly erratic and unreliable delivery schedule which angered many NICAP subscribers. <mask> turned his focus away from the military in 1969 and focused on the CIA as the source of the cover up. The Board of Governors investigated the finances of NICAP and found that some members had not paid their dues and that Social Security taxes were not reported to the government. <mask> was forced to retire as NICAP chief in December 1969 in what was described as a "stormy meeting" by the board. The new director is Colonel Bryan.The local and state affiliates of NICAP were dissolved under Bryan's leadership. <mask> wrote his last book about aliens from space. The plan to entice extraterrestrials to land on Earth was promoted. <mask> didn't have a lot of contact with ufology after this book. He spoke at several conferences after being ousted from NICAP. He joined the board in 1981 because of his declining health, but he had little to do with the organization. <mask> was buried in Green Hill Cemetery in Luray, Virginia.<mask>'s books are now available online in the public domain. The Flying Saucers Are Real, Cosimo Classics, Flying Saucers from Outer Space, and The Flying Saucer Conspiracy are all published by Henry Holt and Company. "UFOs, the Military, and the Early Cold War" was written by Michael D. Swords. In Challenging the Borders of Knowledge, David M. Jacobs is the editor of the University Press of Kansas. <mask> wrote The Flying Saucers are Real. <mask> <mask> was interviewed by Mike Wallace on The Mike Wallace Interview.

masks:
Donald Edward Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Don Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Donald Keyhoe
Keyhoe
Donald Keyhoe
Donald Edward
Keyhoe


type: paraphrased

texts: <mask>, an American comic book store owner from Rome, Georgia, died on January 13, 2013, after being charged with distributing obscene material to a minor in connection with the Free Comic Book Day on Halloween, 2004. The Comic Book Legal Defense Fund was involved in <mask>'s defense. <mask> was convicted of an obscenity charge. <mask> owned a comic book store in Rome, Georgia, which was based on an obscenity conviction. <mask> was found guilty of distributing obscene materials for selling pornographic comics to adult customers. He was fined $1,000 and sentenced to a year in prison. The Georgia Court of Appeals and Georgia Supreme Court denied <mask>'s appeals in 1994.Fees for the trial and the appeal were paid by the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. <mask> filed a suit for the return of inventory seized in the obscenity case. On November 1, 1991, the day the police received the complaint about the comics, the comics were seized. The US District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ordered the district attorney to return the 300 books within ten days. <mask> was charged with selling to a minor after Free Comic Book Day in Rome. On that day, <mask>'s shop gave away thousands of free comics, but a copy of Alternative Comics #2 was inadvertently included. An excerpt from the story The Salon is contained in Alternative Comics #2.The story depicts Picasso as nude in a non-sexual context during his first meeting with Braque. The comic is historically accurate according to the CBLDF. A parent filed a complaint with the police after the copy of the comic that was unintentionally given away was handed to them. <mask> offered to make a public apology for the first time after learning of the error. After that apology was rejected, <mask> was arrested. The District Attorney's office stated that the comic was given to the six-year-old brother of the nine-year-old boy who was originally described as a nine-year-old boy. "Though I am willing to apologize for this particular art book getting in the hands that found it offensive, I will agree that the book is not harmful to children or obscene," <mask> said.In my opinion, this book is just as offensive as viewing the beautiful paintings of the Sistine Chapel or reading one of the best selling books with stories of sex, lust and nudity known as the Bible. <mask> was charged with two felony counts and five misdemeanors. The Distribution of Material Depicting Nudity or Sexual Conduct law requires materials containing nudity to be distributed in a labelled envelope. Penalties for violating this law can range from one to three years in prison and/or fines of up to $10,000 US. The Distribution of Material Harmful to Minors law makes it a crime to supply nudity-laden material to children. Comic Book Legal Defense Fund board member Peter David was approached by <mask>. The CBLDF Board of Directors voted unanimously to financially support <mask>'s defense, putting a defense team in place within days.In May 2005, the CBLDF submitted four motions to dismiss the counts <mask> faced. All charges under the Distribution of Material Depicting Nudity or Sexual Conduct law were dropped after a hearing on those motions. Two of the remaining charges were dropped and the remaining three charges were consolidated into two. The remaining charges were related to the distribution of a book, pamphlet, magazine, and printed matter containing pictures, drawings and visual representation of a person a portion of the human body which depict sexually explicit nudity, sexual conduct, and sadomasochistic abuse and which is harmful to The material did not meet the criteria according to the Fund. By November 2007, the CBLDF had spent over $80,000 on <mask>'s defense after taking the case in early 2005, and had estimated costs reaching six figures by the end of the trial. The case has been ready for trial three times.On April 2, 2006, 18 hours before <mask>'s jury trial, the District Attorney's team informed the defense team that all charges were being dropped due to a mistake. The charges were re-filed with the child listed. The defense team was shocked that the case had been proceeding for 18 months under faulty charges. The prosecutor admitted that false testimony had been presented at the pre- trial hearing. A year and a half of statements based on one set of facts were changed at the last minute. Both the six-year-old and nine-year-old boys were cited as victims when a new arraignment was held on May 19th. The CBLDF filed several motions to dismiss.The District Attorney's office allowed untruthful testimony to be presented under oath, which caused <mask> and his defense counsel to incur unnecessary expense by requiring a change in trial date. "Our office has been honest and above board throughout this case," she said. As soon as we got the new information, we forwarded it to the defense. On June 2, 2006 prosecutors filed a new indictment. This was the third time that <mask> had been charged. The first two sets of charges were never dropped. The CBLDF team again filed motions, this time in response to all of the accusations, but they were all dismissed.The trial was put off again on August 15, 2007, due to the illness of the presiding judge. The opening statements in the new trial resulted in a mistrial. The defense requested that the judge bar prosecutors from talking about <mask>'s previous conviction. The prosecution noted in their opening statements that <mask> had been through this before and beat it. The case was going to be brought back to Floyd Superior Court by the district attorney's office. The CBLDF had spent over $80,000 on <mask>'s defense. The case had been dismissed on Friday, April 18th.The charges against <mask> have unnerved many shop owners who are concerned about distributing materials that could result in similar charges. One store owner in Georgia said that they are similar to <mask>'s community. We will special order Lost Girls for anyone, but we won't have it on display. <mask> entered the news when he chased two women who were charged with stealing two puzzles based on the movie The Nightmare Before Christmas from his store. <mask> was thrown off the hood of their car after jumping on it in an attempt to stop the women. The women were charged with stealing and the driver was charged with assault. <mask> died from a series of strokes on January 13, 2013.He was 54 years old. There are external links to <mask>'s page. <mask>'s comic store has a home page. American victims of crime, people from Georgia, and 20th-century American business people.

masks:
Gordon Lee
Lee
Lee
Gordon Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Gordon
Lee
Lee
Lee
Gordon Lee
Lee


texts: <mask> is an architect of operating systems and computer languages. He brought multitasking to personal computers in 1985 with the creation of the Amiga Computer operating system. <mask> was born in 1957 to Charles and Carolyn. His father was a chemical engineer who worked on refining, paper production, and air pollution control systems. His family moved from the San Francisco Bay Area to a small town in California in the late 1960s. He was involved in electronics, amateur radio, photography, and filmmaking as a child. He began working for KEET when he was 13 years old.He worked his way up to being technical director and director for news, commercials, and local programming after working as a cameraman for a year. In 1980 he graduated from the University of California, Davis with a B.S. EECS stands for electrical engineering and computer science. He was interested in operating systems, parallel processing, and programming languages. He was a research assistant in neuroscience and behavioral biology and a teaching assistant for graduate computer language courses. His aunt was one of the original researchers at the California National Primate Research Center. He joined Hewlett Packard's Computer Systems Division as a member of the Multi-Programming Executive (MPE) file system design group for HP3000 computers.A new type of control language called Outqueue was a challenge because it was both descriptive and procedural. After a year, he became a member of the MPE-IV OS kernel team. When he was at HP, he was interested in reducing the high complexity found in most operating systems of that time and set out to formulate his own concepts of a microkernel-based OS. He tried to get them to HP, but they were too focused on the "smaller OS" ideas. Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station was the location of atmospheric physics research for the National Science Foundation. An agreement was reached with HP to pursue independent research into new areas of computing, including graphical user interface and remote procedure call methods of distributed computing. HP formed a project to develop the modern style of window-based mouse-driven GUIs after being impressed by the new computing ideas being published from Xerox PARC.Andy Bechtolsheim borrowed a prototype Sun Microsystems workstation to create the Probus project. The system incorporated hyperlinks and early distributed computing concepts. At HP, Sassenrath was involved with and influenced by a number of HP language projects. Amiga Computer was a small startup company in Silicon Valley. He was asked to design a new operating system for the Amiga, an advanced multimedia personal computer system that later became the Commodore Amiga. As a sophisticated computer for its day (Amiga used 28 DMA channels along with multiple coprocessors), Sassenrath decided to create a preemptive multitasking operating system within a microkernel design. This was a new approach in 1983 when other personal computer operating systems were single tasking.The Amiga was one of the first to implement a microkernel OS methodology based on a real-time message passing core known as Exec with dynamically loaded libraries and devices as optional modules around the core. The Amiga OS was able to take advantage of the limited memory capacity of computers in the 1980s. The design came as a necessity of trying to integrate dozens of internal libraries and devices including graphics, sound, graphical user interface, floppy disc, file systems, and others. Hundreds of additional modules were added by external developers as a result of this dynamic modular method. After the release of the Amiga in 1985, <mask> left Commodore-Amiga to pursue new programming language design ideas that he had been contemplating since his university days. The Advanced Technology Group of Apple Computer was formed in 1986 to invent the next generation of operating systems. He was part of a project that was supposed to be a successor to the Macintosh.The more pure implementation of the Smalltalk language was preferred by many Apple researchers during that time. A wealth of resources and knowledge that helped shape his views of computing languages and systems was provided by working at ATG with computing legends like Alan Kay and Larry Tessler. The mountains of Ukiah valley are 2 hours north of San Francisco. He founded multimedia technology companies. He wrote the OS for Viscorp Ed, one of the first Internet TV set-top boxes, and implemented the Logo programming language for the Amiga. After watching the growth and development of programming languages like Java, Perl, and Python, he decided to publish his own ideas within the world of computer languages. REBOL is a relative expression-based object language.REBOL is designed to support efficient distributed computing. REBOL allows users to create new relationships between symbols and their meanings by balancing the concepts of context and symbolism. He tries to combine the concepts of code, data, and metadata. REBOL provides more control over context than most other programming languages. dialects can be formed using words in different contexts. REBOL is the ultimate end point for the evolution of markup language methodologies. He founded REBOL Technologies in 1998.Several versions of REBOL have been released by the company. On December 12, 2012 the REBOL V 3.0 was released to the public. He has worked in product development for the company. In Ukiah, California, where he grows grapes and makes wine, he is interested in amateur radio, video production, and boating. The Television Improvement Association brings free, over-the-air television broadcasts into the Ukiah area. The Amiga Exec, The Object-Oriented Amiga Exec, and Byte Magazine are all references.

masks: Carl Carl Sassenrath


texts: <mask> was born in 1960 and is an American author. He was an intelligence officer in the U.S. Army. He is the founder and senior editor of SurvivalBlog.com and has published material from this in two books. He is a survival retreat consultant. He describes himself as a Constitutionalist Christian libertarian. The names that belong to him and the ones that belong to his family are presented in a way that distinguishes them. <mask> was born in California in 1960 and went to public schools.He graduated from San Jose State University with a degree in journalism. He was a military intelligence officer in the United States Army. After Bill Clinton was inaugurated as President of the United States, he resigned his commission as a U.S. Army Captain. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> was the Managing Editor of The International Countermeasures Handbook. He worked as a technical writer for a number of electronics and software companies. He started writing full-time in 2005. He gave up day-to-dayBlogging in order to devote more time to writing books.<mask> is a retreat consultant and a writer. The "conscience of survivalism" was what he was described as. He is the author of a novel about survival. According to <mask>, survivalists see a high risk of a societal meltdown and need to prepare for the consequences. He said that the popular media has developed an incorrect far-right "lunatic fringe" image because of the actions of a few radicals. He said this was a distortion of the true message of survivalism. <mask> focuses on family readiness and personal freedom instead of the fringe proponents.The typical survivalist does not live in a rural area, but is a city dweller worried about the collapse of society who sees the rural lifestyle as idyllic. He cautions that rural self-sufficiency requires a lot of hard work. He said in 2009, "There's so many people who are concerned about the economy that there's a huge interest in preparedness, and it pretty much crosses all lines, social, economic, political and religious." There is a steep learning curve right now. The survivalist movement is full of people who value their privacy, according to <mask> in an interview with The Economist magazine. He said you don't want to be known as the guy who has 3-4 years' supply of food in the basement. One day it could be taken by the government or stolen by neighbours.The Senior Editor of SurvivalBlog.com is <mask>. It has been described as the guiding light of the prepper movement. He encourages family readiness for threats to society. He turned over day-to-day editing to others. In his writings, <mask> has warned about food shortages, terrorist attacks, and X-class solar flares taking down power grids. Mainstream booksellers sell five novels and two nonfiction survival books from <mask>. Tools for Survival was his second book.His non-fiction books focus on practical skills and tools, while his novels tend to be heavy on technical jargon. Tom Clancy, David Brin, Algis Budrys, Colonel Jeff Cooper, Pat Frank, Gordon Dickson, Friedrich Hayek, and Ernest Hemingway are all credited in the Acknowledgments note to his book Tools For Survival. <mask> often quotes Robert A. Heinlein. His first novel was a work of speculative fiction that was set in a near future. The novel was originally titled "Patriots: Surviving the Coming Collapse" and later changed to "Patriots: A Novel of Survival in the Coming Collapse". The shareware version of the book was called "Triple Ought" and was released in the early 1990s. It was printed by Huntington House.Xlibris, a "print on demand" publisher, re-released the book after Huntington House went out of business. The novel was published in a paperback edition. The glossary and index were updated. Shortly after its release, it was ranked number 6 in Amazon.com's overall book sales rankings, but fell to number 33 a week later. It fell to 98 by the end of the month. The book's popularity caught librarians off guard because it wasn't reviewed by the major book review publications. A small but vociferous group of people concerned with survivalism shared a sense of societal anxiety associated with the economic recession, according to Library Journal.The journal said that the book was originally conceived as a nonfiction guide. According to a number of Amazon.com reviewers, the novel will not win any literary prizes; its strength lies in its practical reassurances, focus on guns, and Christian ideology. The librarians had to purchase copies of the book to meet the demand. The events that occur in the novel Survivors: A Novel of the Coming Collapse are similar to the events that occur in the novel The Crunch. The novel follows several new characters as they attempt to survive in the United States following The Crunch as they deal with criminal gangs, the American government, and the breakdown of society. The book was released in October of 2011. On the same day, it rose to #2 in Amazon's overall book sales rankings.It was listed at #3 in the fiction hardback category of the New York Times. Less than a month after publication, the novel had 52,500 copies in print. The Spanish edition was called Superviventes. The events that occur in the novel of the coming collapse are similar to those that occur in the novel of the survivors. It was released in September of 2012 On its release day, the book peaked at number four in Amazon's overall book sales rankings. The book was on the New York Times best seller's list for a week before dropping to 27.Expatriates: A Novel of the Coming Global Collapse Expatriates: A Novel of the Coming Global Collapse is a sequel novel that parallels the events that occur in the USA and Melanesia. A 301-page novel was released in October. The New York Times Bestsellers List has the book at #21 in hardback fiction. There is a sequel novel called Liberators: A Novel of the Coming Global Collapse. It is the last novel in the series. The longest novel in the series was released in October. How to Survive the End of the World as We Know It: Tactics, Techniques, and Technologies for Uncertain Times is a non-fiction book.The book was described as "The preppers' Bible" by a journalist. There are a lot of possible threats toward society. A post-disaster society can suffer from food shortages and armed violence. He recommends establishing rural safe havens at least 300 miles from the nearest major city, financial planning for a future barter-based economy, water purification, food production and storage, security and self-defense techniques and strategies. For a neutral assessment of the huge efforts put in by the author, the book has its own strengths and weaknesses; however, the former outweighs the latter by a huge margin. The author's obsession with precision and a clinical eye for relevant details is one of its strengths. A summary of the book was published in the March–April 2010 issue of The Futurist magazine.G. Gordon Liddy, host of a radio talk show, said that his book "posits a collapse of civilization." She described the book as going "through point-by-point the basics of being prepared and heightening your chances of surviving some type of major crisis." There is a thin line between order and anarchy when peoples' lives are on the line, and all the niceties and the rules go out the door. There are 14 chapters and three appendices in How to Survive the End of the World as We Know It. September 2009. 20,000 copies were printed in the first printing. There were 6,000 copies of the second printing.25,000 copies were printed in the third printing. Brilliance Audiobooks produced an unabridged audiobook edition. Dick Hill narrated it. There were 132,000 copies of the book in print as of March 2011. As of April 2012 there were 12 foreign publishing contracts in place to produce editions in 11 languages, and the book was still in Amazon.com's Top 250 titles, overall. The German edition of berleben in der Krise was published in 2011. The French edition is called Comment survivre?Antony Angrand translated it. In September 2012 it was released. In Spain and the United States, the Spanish edition of Cmo Sobrevivir is translated by Juan Carlos Ruiz Franco. In April 2012 it was released. A translation from Editura Paralela 45 in Bucharest was released in November. It was translated by a man. Pop is a well-known poet, political figure, translator, and academic.His Tools For Survival: What You Need to Survive When You're on Your Own is a non-fiction book. The book is described as a guide to the selection, use, and care of tools. It was #1 in Amazon's Survival & Emergency Preparedness books category after it was released by Penguin Books. There is a paperback book with an ISBN. It is also available as an audiobook. The novel Land of Promise was released on December 1, 2015. This science fiction novel is a departure from his previous thrillers.In the late 2130s, Land of Promise depicts the world under the economic and military domination of a Global Islamic Caliphate, brought about by a fictional new branch of Islam, called The Thirdists. The Ilemi Republic is a Christian nation of refuge in East Africa. This is the first book in the series. It is the first release from Liberty Paradigm Publishing, a publishing venture launched by <mask> in partnership with his literary agent Robert Gottlieb. The Ultimate Prepper's Survival Guide was published on October 20, 2020. <mask> is an advocate of family preparedness, especially regarding food storage, and advocates relocating to lightly populated rural "retreat" areas. The value of silver and other tangibles for barter, recognition of moral absolutes, being well-armed, and relocation to rural retreats are all emphasized in his preparedness philosophy.In an interview with The New York Times, <mask> identified himself as a "guns and groceries" survivalist. The 2nd Amendment supports citizens' individual rights to keep and bear arms, according to <mask>. He thinks they should be able to defend themselves. In 2010, <mask> published a defense of his anti-racist views in a blog entry entitled "Race, Religion, and Reason", which has been criticized by the far-right. He supports the abolition of slavery. <mask> does not agree with military interventionism. The American Redoubt movement was formulated in March 2011.The western states of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, eastern Oregon, and eastern Washington are being proposed by <mask> as a safe haven for conservative Christians and Jews. The concept was endorsed by former Presidential candidate Chuck Baldwin, who relocated his entire family to western Montana. John Jacob Schmidt started a weekly show called Radio Free Redoubt to help further the movement. Citizen journalism is advocated by <mask>. The Constitution First Amendment Press Association is a private free press advocacy group that distributes press credentials to any literate adult in the U.S. There is a secret ranch located in San Jose, California; near Orofino, Idaho; near Smartsville and Fremont, California; and near New Washoe City, Nevada. The location of his ranch in the US is kept a secret, but he lives west of the Rockies.The ranch is in northern Idaho according to the newspaper. The "undisclosed location" of the ranch is claimed to be in Nevada, Utah, Wyoming or even in Central America. He lives on a ranch with his wife and their children in an undisclosed location, according to a CNN Europe article written before his first wife died. Their life is almost entirely self-sufficient as they keep livestock, hunt and the children are schooled at home. A three-year supply of food is stored away in the ranch. In an article titled "The Most Dangerous Novel in America", <mask> told The Daily Beast: "I'm not at liberty to discuss where I live." I made an agreement with my wife.I can't tell you the details. There is a very remote area where we live. I like technology. We don't have a cellphone, but I'm always online. If the power grid goes down, we are prepared to live off-grid. I need anonymity because of the nature of my novel, but I don't just want anonymity. In the wake of a crisis, I could look out in my barnyard and see five Winnebagos and some television news crews.I have to be perspicacious because I don't want fans of my books to descend on my property. In 2009, <mask> told an Agence France-Presse reporter that he was surrounded by a national forest. There is no shortage of water or fish on the property because the river runs through the back end. I would have to read about the collapse of Western civilization on the internet. I wouldn't notice. 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 The best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of the best of theLiberators: A Novel of the Coming Global Collapse was published in October. Tools For Survival, Plume, New York, Land of Promise, Liberty Paradigm Publishing, Moyie Springs, Idaho, and The Ultimate Prepper's Survival Guide are some of the books that have been published.

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James Rawles
James Rawles
Rawles
Rawles
Rawles
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Books Rawles
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texts: The Chairman of the Kandahar Provincial Council from 2005 until his death was <mask>. He was a half-brother of <mask> and an elder of the Popalzai tribe. <mask> used to run a restaurant in the United States for his family. He returned to Afghanistan after the removal of the Taliban government. He was accused of being on the CIA payroll. He was killed by one of his bodyguards. <mask> was born in the village of Karz in Afghanistan in 1961.He is the son of Abdul Ahad <mask>. He wasn't able to finish his studies due to the war. He moved to the United States after travelling to Pakistan. The Afghan restaurant in Chicago was owned by <mask>'s family. <mask> returned to Pakistan to help his father. He was a key ally of the US military in the south of Afghanistan after the US occupation of the country in 2001. He used his influence in the province to the extent that he was described as the governor.He was the council's chairman at the time of his death. A few days before his death, <mask> <mask> appeared on a British television programme, "Afghanistan: The Unknown Country," talking about public perception of him. He depended on family and fellow tribesmen to protect him. In June 2009, the U.S. embassy sent a cable saying that much of the business of running the Afghan city of Kandahar takes place out of public sight. James Risen of The New York Times stated that <mask> <mask> may have been involved in the Afghan opium and heroin trade. The charges were denied by the man, who said he was a victim of vicious politics. Ronald Neumann, the CIA's station chief and their British counterparts talked about the rumors in hopes that the president might move his brother out of the country, according to several people.One official said that they thought the concern expressed to Karzai might be enough to get him out of there. Several officials said that the President refused to accept clear-cut evidence of wrongdoing. "We don't have the kind of hard, direct evidence that you need to get a criminal indictment," the White House official said. The allegations were dismissed as politically motivated attacks by rival groups. The former governor of the Helmand Province and a member of the Upper House of the Afghan parliament were accused of vote rigging before the Afghan presidential election in 2009. According to reports after the election, all of the candidates were involved in electoral fraud. In October 2009, The New York Times reported that the CIA paid for a variety of services, including the recruitment of the Kandahar Strike Force.He was paid for allowing the CIA and U.S. special forces to stay at the former Taliban leader's house. <mask> denied taking any money from the CIA. U.S. Senator John Kerry and former Afghan Ambassador to the United States, Said Tayeb Jawad, defended <mask> Karzai in recent years, Kerry saying "We should not condemn him or damage our relations with him on the basis of newspaper articles or rumors." There were at least two attacks on his office in the city of Kandahar in 2009, one in November 2008 and the other in April 2009. According to him, he had survived nine assassination attempts. The head of security, Sardar Mohammad, killed <mask> on July 12th, 2011.According to reports, <mask> was shot twice with a pistol, once in the head and once in the chest, as he was coming out of the bathroom. The Police Chief of Kandahar stated that the attacker was well known to the <mask> family. He was the most trusted security guard for seven years. <mask> came out of his bathroom as he entered his room. There was no conversation between <mask> and Mohammad. <mask> received two bullets, one in the chest and one in the head. The attacker was killed by other bodyguards and then hanged at a city square on public view.The body of Karzai was taken to Mirwais Hospital. Thousands of people turned up for his funeral the next day, led by Afghan President Hamid <mask>, and many more waited in buses for his body to be taken to his hometown of Karz. There was increased security around the funeral procession and the funeral was held in the city of Kandahar. "We know we live in a dangerous country," said Hamid <mask>'s spokesman at the funeral procession. The president knows that security has to be tight all the time. The president isn't worried about his security because he's got good security. The president is grieving the death of his brother.<mask> was the brother of the president. The Governor of Helmand escaped an assassination attempt while he was on his way to the funeral. The head of the Provincial Ulema Council, Hikmatullah Hikmat, died along with three others and 13 others were wounded when a suicide bomber attacked a memorial service. On the day of his brother's death, President Hamid <mask> issued a statement. This is the life of all Afghan people, I hope that one day they will be able to live a normal life. Afghan families have suffered from it, and we hope that our suffering will be over. The White House and many world leaders condemned the assassination.Taliban spokesman Qari Yousef Ahmadi claimed that one of their agents was behind the assassination of Hamid <mask>'s brother. The man was punished for all his wrongdoings. According to The Christian Science Monitor, the Taliban has a dubious record of claiming responsibility for attacks it had nothing to do with. According to the head of the counter-terrorism department at the Interior Ministry, there was nobody from outside involved in the death of <mask> <mask>. The news was confirmed by Zalmai Ayubi, the spokesman for Kandahar province, as well as by a spokesman for the Ministry of Interior. The body of the man was taken to the hospital by helicopter after police were called to the scene of the killing. According to investigators, Sardar Mohammad may have been a Taliban agent or a government defector.In the past three months, a man named Sardar Mohammad traveled to Pakistan to meet with the Shura Council of the Taliban. According to the man, he has been acting erratically in recent weeks, including sleeping poorly, moving from house to house, acting suspiciously toward his men, and demanding to know who they were talking to on their mobile phones. When More Is Less: The International Project in Afghanistan is a reference. There are external links to <mask> <mask>. Time by Dan. October 28, 2009. Afghan politicians were assassinated and Afghan expatriates were killed in the United States.

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Ahmad Wali Karzai
Hamid Karzai
Wali Karzai
Karzai
Karzai
Wali
Ahmad Wali
Ahmad Wali
Karzai
Ahmad Wali
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Ahmad Wali
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Ahmed Wali
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texts: The only two four-star army generals in the history of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam were from South Vietnam. He became the Chairman of the South Vietnamese Joint General Staff. Considered one of the most gifted of South Vietnam's military leaders, he was previously called an "absolute key figure" and one of the most important Vietnamese military leaders in the U.S.-led fighting during the Vietnam War. He was one of only two four-star generals in the history of South Vietnam. In December 1921, Vin was born to parents in Vientiane, Lao. His father was a merchant. He moved to Cochinchina to become a prospector after hearing rumors of a gold rush.Although he became a follower of Ho Chi Minh and fought as a guerrilla against French colonial rule, he concluded that H's movement was more communist than nationalist. He obtained a bachelor's degree in French literature after being captured and released by the French. Lm Quang Thi was his schoolmate. After graduating from the Cap Saint-Jacques Military School, Vin went on to serve as a second lieutenant in the Vietnam National Army. He became a battalion commander in 1953 and a major in 1954. He became friendly with many of South Vietnam's later military leaders after attending the Vietnamese National Military Academy as a lieutenant. He was a military intelligence officer and a military logistics officer.He was appointed chief of military logistics for the ARVN Joint General Staff after the formation of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. He graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College. He earned his American combat helicopter pilot's license, as well as his Vietnamese combat pilot's license, by 1960. The Chief of Staff of the Special Military Staff was appointed in the office of the President of the Republic. He and his family lived in a modest home until 1975, when they moved to a bigger house. The Commander of the Vietnamese Airborne Division was promoted to colonel in 1960. Colonel Nguyn Chnh Thi and Lieutenant Colonel Vng Vn ng fled into exile after leading a failed coup attempt against Diem.In 1961, based on his experiences, Vin concluded that the Viet Cong were being led and reinforced by regular units of the People's Army of Vietnam. The South Vietnamese President was overthrown in a coup in 1963. Several military leaders were unaware of the coup. He refused to go along with the putsch when he was called to a lunchtime meeting with other senior officers. The generals had considered assassinating him because they knew he was a Diem fan. He was moments from being killed when a rifle was thrust into his back. During the planning for the coup, Major General Tn Tht nh talked to General Dng Vn Minh and convinced him to save Vin's life.Minh was convinced that Vien wouldn't oppose the coup after playing mahjong with his wife. The offer to allow the president to take refuge at his home in the event of a coup was not taken up because the rebels surrounded his house after he was taken into custody. He was informed of the coup and accepted it. General Lm Quang Thi said that Vin was a Diem loyalist but neutral during the coup. He was briefly imprisoned and stripped of his command, but was restored a month later. The January 1964 South Vietnamese coup in which President Dng Vn Minh was overthrown by General Nguyn Khnh was supported by Col. Vin. By March 14, he had been promoted to brigadier general.The critical region around Saigon was held by the Commander of the III Corps. In March 1964, while commanding troops in Kin Phong Province, his unit was attacked and surrounded on three sides. The United States decorated him with the Silver Star and the Republic of Vietnam decorated him with the National Order of Vietnam. The Silver Star citation said that while leading his men in an anti-communist assault, he "continued to exercise command vigorously and effectively until the enemy had been routed". The first senior South Vietnamese military officer to be wounded in the field was Vin. His actions were appreciated by American military officers. After General Nguyn Vn Thiu was dismissed by President Khanh in order to win Buddhist support for his government, Vin was appointed Chief of Staff of the Joint General Staff.He was the Chief of Staff of the JGS and was in charge of troop movements around the capital. He helped suppress a counter-coup by Major General Dng Vn c. On September 27 he helped put down a coup. He supported a coup against Prime Minister Vn Hng. In February 1965, he led the biggest helicopter attack of the war. On June 10, 1965, the city of ng Xoi was attacked by the Viet Cong and the U.S. forces were held back. When President Phan Khc Su resigned on June 17, 1965, he was replaced by Air Marshall Nguyn <mask>, who was a member of the military council.On October 1, 1965, the Chief of the JGS was promoted to Joint General Staff. He was promoted to major general on November 1, 1965, during the second anniversary of Diem's assassination, and then to lieutenant general in January 1966. One of the few generals who could not be accused of having cooperated with the French colonial regime, his loyalty to the Diem regime and his role as a coup leader made him acceptable to conservatives and liberals alike. The appointment may not have been as important as it appeared, for the JGS was almost routinely excluded from command decisions, which were often made by South Vietnam's military presidents. The Naval Institute Press was published in 1992. He didn't have the authority to promote colonels to general or generals to higher rank. One historian characterized his tenure as JGS Chief as "ineffectual".An American general later said he believed that Vin used presidential interference in JGS decision-making as a means of avoiding blame and therefore did not challenge presidential decisions as much as he might otherwise have done. Major General Hong Xun Lm (Commander, I Corps) and Lieutenant General L Nguyn Khang (Commander, III Corps) helped the South Vietnamese government retain some degree of political stability. The control of the Corps was further strengthened by the appointment of the Commander of IV Corps in 1966. Nguyn Bo Tr, along with K, Khang, and director of information, were considered to be one of the most powerful people in the government. As JGS Chief, Vin tried to be an active thinker and reformer. The Blood Road: The Ho Chi Minh Trail and the Vietnam War was written by JohnPrados. Indianapolis, Ind.The book was published in 1999. Wiest, Andrew A. Rolling thunder in a gentle land is a Vietnam war re-enactment. Osprey Publishing was published in 2006 He met with Lyndon B. Johnson in Guam in February 1966 to discuss the plan, but Johnson refused to authorize U.S. military support for the campaign. The first time integrated naval plans were integrated into JGS planning, but the arrangement lasted only two months. When a leading general complained that American advisors were interfering in the chain of command, Vin held a meeting of all senior military leaders to smooth over the differences.He was not afraid to criticize units and commanders which he felt did not perform well. He said the 25th Division was the worst division in the army. He fought for and won a harsh new law designed to catch and punish deserters, and instituted modern accounting systems to improve the payment of salaries and benefits. He was still in charge of troops in the field. He personally led troops to Da Nang and Hu during the Buddhist Uprising of April 1966 and helped crush the rebellion of General Nguyn Chnh Thi. New fire control procedures were put in place to reduce air and artillery strikes against civilians. As late as 1968, he was in the field assessing the use of modern weapons by the enemy.Prime Minister K announced on January 26, 1967, that Nguyn Hu C had been replaced as Defense Minister. The New York Times reported on "premier Ky back from trip abroad". The Los Angeles Times reported on "Ky returns to Saigon, OKs General's Ouster". The New York Times reported on January 28, 1967. The Defense Minister usually assumed the post of deputy prime minister. On February 5, 1967, Vin was promoted to full General. General Vin and Lieutenant Gen. Nguyn Vn Vy were appointed to a committee to investigate and root out corruption in the military.In the campaign's first push, more than 50 officers were removed from service. After the war ended, he was accused of refusing to act on accusations of corruption. General William Westmoreland, the senior U.S. military commander in South Vietnam, was criticized in a letter by Vin for an over-pessimistic and derogatory article by the U.S. news media about South Vietnamese troops and combat actions. "military-information advisors" were assigned to the corps and division to smooth over relations. There was a political crisis in the government during the summer of 1967. A new constitution for the Republic of Vietnam was to be written by a Constituent Assembly after South Vietnamese voters elected them in 1966. Local elections were held after the new constitution was promulgated.A presidential election was scheduled for September 3, 1967, but Air Marshall and Prime Minister Nguyn K and Head of State Gen. Nguyn Vn Thiu both sought the presidency. "Ky drops his presidential bid, takes second spot on Thieu Slate", Los Angeles Times July 1, 1967. Back Bay was in Boston. The armed forces council is an informal body of senior army, navy, and air force leaders to discuss military policy. If the military's candidate did not win, it would not be seen as a lack of confidence in the armed forces by the public. The military agreed to support Thiu for president and K for executive vice president after a three-day meeting. According to Ky, Vin was considered for the presidency, but he refused and no majority supported his candidacy."Power Struggle" was published in the Los Angeles Times. The exiled general Dng Vn Minh was warned not to return to South Vietnam in order to seek the presidency. On August 10, 1967, the Chief of the JGS accidentally revealed the existence of a major bombing campaign against the troops of the PAVN in Cambodia. Since 1965, the United States has been bombing suspected Viet Cong and PAVN staging and supply areas in Cambodia. The secret bombings were declared a failure by Gen. Vin in his press conference on August 10. The U.S. government categorically denied that there had been bombings. The first high military official in either South Vietnam or the United States to admit that the U.S. was bombing Cambodia was Gen. Vin.If he won the presidency, Thiu said he would replace Vin as Defense Minister. When Thiu won the presidential election on September 3, he agreed to keep the Defense Minister even though most of the cabinet would be civilians. The National Security Council was created by the new constitution to advise the President and Prime Minister on issues of national importance. He worked with Gen. Westmoreland on the Combined Campaign Plan for 1967. When President Johnson made his second battle-zone trip to Vietnam in December 1967, the Chief of the JGS and Defense Minister was the highest-ranking government official to greet him. The Defense Minister tried to reform the campaign. The failure of the Strategic Hamlet Program led to a re-emphasis on a military solution by 1965, according to The Columbia Guide to the Vietnam War.The South Vietnamese government began to focus on the "Revolutionary Development" program of economic development after the implementation of the Phoenix Program. ARVN troops were trained in "clear and hold" pacification tactics. Although the American and South Vietnamese governments realized the importance of pacification, the program showed few results and was close to collapse. Major General Nguyn c Thng was appointed Minister of Construction and Development in September of 1967. Thng proposed a plan for reform that would require provincial chiefs to report to the Ministry of Construction and Development and the Minister for Pacification. The plan should be implemented according to the advice of Gen. Westmoreland. President Thiu refused to implement the plan because he was afraid of losing political support.Thng became Vin's personal assistant after he resigned as Maj. Gen. Thng was angry at Thiu's action. Nguyn Vn Vy replaced Thiu as Defense Minister. The Los Angeles Times reported on November 9, 1967, that theSaigon Cabinet List won public approval because it was a way for the Defense Minister to focus on prosecuting the war. There was a critical role played in the Tet Offensive of January 31, 1968. Westmoreland advised Vin to limit the traditional Tt cease-fire to just 24 hours. There was no approval for this limitation. The I and II Corps were attacked by the PAVN at about 3 AM local time on January 31.After several hours of not knowing the extent of the battle, Vin was forced to drive through the back streets of Saigon to reach the JGS headquarters at Tn Sn Nht Airport. JGS Headquarters was one of six critical targets for the communist forces, and elements of the C-10 Sapper Battalion were assigned to attack the building. The enemy took control of Gate 4 at the airport shortly after his arrival and were threatening to attack JGS Headquarters. Random House, Inc. was founded in New York. Two armed battalions were at Tn Sn Nht waiting to be taken to I Corps. The dispersal was ordered to prevent a collapse in the city's defense. He threw the two companies back after ordering a counter- attack against the enemy.Due to the lack of personnel, Vien used almost his entire staff as combat personnel and took personal command of them in the field to repel the communist attack on the air base. Majors and colonels were in charge of platoons and captains were in charge of lieutenants. JGS Headquarters was the only secure military location in the city. K and most of the top generals in the city spent the next several days sleeping on the rug in Vin's office. JGS officers and staff were ordered into the streets to personally lead combat divisions throughout the city during the first hours of the Tet Offensive. The fighting in the city ended by dawn the next day, although some communist forces held out until March 7. The counter-offensive began on February 3 and was led by Vin.The Central Highlands of Vietnam were to be occupied by North Vietnam in order to cut South Vietnam in two. The Americans would abandon Khe Sanh by June 1968. Krulak wrote "First to Fight: An Inside View of the U.S. Marine Corps". The End of the Line: The Siege of Khe Sanh was published in 1999. New York: W. W.Norton & Company. Westmoreland and Lieutenant Gen. L Nguyn Khang were among those who attended the meeting on April 1, 1968. Berger made an impromptu speech declaring the Tet Offensive a great


texts: victory for South Vietnam and urging support for President Thiu.But angry at what he perceived as Thiu's lack of aggressive prosecution of the war and exhausted by his duties, Vin attempted to resign on April 3, 1968. "Head of South Vietnam's forces quits amid reports of shake-up", New York Times April 4, 1968 and then denied he had done so, instead saying that he threatened to do so if U.S. and South Vietnamese forces were put under a unified command." He criticized the U.S. and South Vietnam for not pressing home their advantage and going on a large-scale offensive to destroy the communists. In June 1968, Thiu considered replacing Vin as JGS Chair, but kept him in the position. Executive Vice President K was a very powerful figure in the government and had the support of nearly 1 million Roman Catholic refugees in the country. K was opposed to the appointment of Trn Vn Hng as Prime Minister. K told President Thiu that he would not like to see the generals who supported him removed from their positions.Thiu went to Hawaii for another meeting with President Johnson in July 1968, as well as an eight-day state visit to Taiwan and South Korea in May 1969. The political position of Vin remained unstable. In 1969 and 1970, Prime Minister Vn Hng advised Thiu to replace Vien. He was still the chief strategist for the South Vietnamese armed forces. He advocated for the U.S. to resume bombing of North Vietnam. In September 1968, he advocated the invasion and occupation of Cambodia, Laotians and North Vietnam. Disengagement or not?As President Johnson and President Nixon began implementing the policy of Vietnamization, there would be gradual American troop withdrawals and extensive re-arming and training of the ARVN forces. When the U.S. considered an immediate halt to all bombing of North Vietnam in October 1968, only Thiu was consulted. They had to help implement Vietnamization. In January 1969 he held the first JGS discussions on American troop withdrawals. His aides were very pessimistic about the success of the American policy. Ambassador Bunker's "One War" strategy was supported by Vin, as well as the Combined (US/SVN) Strategic Objective Plan of 1969. The plan involved the transfer of hundreds of American military camps.The plan to base ARVN troops in these static positions was criticized by many officers. The two men traveled to Midway Atoll in June 1969 to learn of Nixon's plan to withdraw American troops from South Vietnam within 60 days. The largest transfer of military equipment to South Vietnam took place when 64 river patrol boats from the United States arrived. Lewis A Better War: The Unexamined Victories and Final Tragedy of America's Last Years in Vietnam was published in 1969. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Vietnamization was concerned about the prosecution of the war effort. He told the press and his American military advisors that he expected the United States to maintain a force of at least 250,000 troops on the ground for the next several years, and that if the U.S. did not he did not expect South Vietnam to survive.In 1970, he asked to be relieved as Chief of the JGS and assigned command of the Airborne brigade, but President Thiu refused each time. As Vietnamization continued, the American press was once again restricted. He led JGS staff in exercises to figure out how much territory ARVN could defend with U.S. aid. He began planning independent military operations to deal with the effects of Vietnamization. After meeting with General William B. Rosson in April 1970 to warn against it, Vin began planning for cross-border attacks into Cambodia to strike at Viet Cong and PAVN staging and supply areas. The establishment of a Cambodian military liaison officer to the JGS was one of the changes he made to the ARVN command structure. The plan to send ARVN troops into Laos to cut the Ho Chi Minh Trail was supported at a high-level meeting of cabinet officials and generals in October 1970.The New York Times reported on February 9, 1971 that the plan to cut enemy's lines in Laos was revived three months after it was rejected. The military details were worked out by the two men after Laird's approval. The invasion of Laos was one of the top strategic goals of the man. The invasion was a disaster. Poor roads, rough terrain and a much higher than expected number of PAVN artillery and machine gun positions brought the invasion to a halt halfway to its intended target of the city of Tchepone by the first of March. On March 3, a worried Vin met with Abrams, Thiu and Bunker to discuss a change in tactics and concluded that ARVN airborne forces would make an assault on the abandoned town of Tchepone and occupy it. The withdrawal began after the assault was successful.The withdrawal turned into a panicked retreat which resulted in heavy losses. In an example of what he called "pure psywar", Vin spread rumors that the ARVN might invade the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone and keep three PAVN brigades pinned down there. The New York Times reported on February 28, 1971 that Vin met with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Thomas H. Moorer, and the Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Command, John S. McCain, Jr. The role of Chief of JGS became more advisory after 1971. During the early months of the Easter Offensive in March and April 1972, the city of Qung Tr and the provinces of Bnh nh and Kon Tum were lost to the PAVN. If his military forces were given enough supplies, they would be able to defeat the rebels. The Thiu government might not be able to survive after the Easter offensive ended.If necessary, South Vietnamese and American officials felt that they could form a coalition government with the Viet Cong. The Paris Peace Accords were almost signed in 1973. The United States and North Vietnam had a tentative agreement in October 1972, but Thiu rejected it and demanded 69 changes. ed. Gary America at War Since 1945: Politics and Diplomacy in Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War was published in 1996. Nixon ordered the bombing of North Vietnam in December 1972 because he was worried that the Hanoi government would pull out of the negotiations and try to defeat the South Vietnamese. American losses were light overall and damage in North Vietnam heavy, but American public opinion and Congressional anger ran high against the bombing campaign.Nixon suspended operations against North Vietnam on December 29, 1972 after the Hanoi government agreed to return to the bargaining table. During the first two weeks of January, Nixon offered repeated, private assurances to Thiu, but could not get him to agree to sign the peace document. Nixon told Thiu that he would sign the peace accord with or without South Vietnam's consent, and Thiu capitulated. It was not clear if Thiu would send a delegate to Paris to sign the documents. Nixon vetoed the idea of Vin going to Paris without Thiu's consent. On March 28, 1973, General Frederick C. Weyand and the final contingent of U.S. ground troops left Vietnam. During the 1974 Tt holiday, Vin ordered heightened security, and in April 1974 he traveled to the US to plead for more military aid.He was one of three generals appointed to the Presidential Military Council in 1975. The Commander of the Central Logistics Command was promoted to the position of Chief of Staff of the JGS. Major General Homer D. Smith, the U.S. Defense Attache, believes that the appointment of Khuyn increased operations and personnel operations while diminishing the managerial efficiency of logistics and created jealousy among other military commanders. The fateful meeting in March 1975 led to South Vietnam's collapse. At the end of February 1975, Thiu went to inspect the military situation in South Vietnam's northernmost military zone. At an assembly of top generals on March 11, 1975, Thiu declared he would abandon the Central Highlands, trading land in order to achieve a more defensible concentration of population and troops around Saigon and the Mekong Delta. The United Press International reported on secret Viet talks.March 19, 1975. Although he thought consolidation was necessary for a while, he never voiced his concern. He did it at the meeting. If the Central Highlands were abandoned, the war would be unwinnable. There are differing accounts of this meeting. Some versions have Vin silent about Thieu's decision. The war in Vietnam, the United States, and the Modern Historical Experience is the subject of a book.Pantheon Books was published in New York. The government did not prepare the army, its allies, or the public for the decision, nor did it anticipate how the decision would affect the war effort. Although he met with Smith shortly after the March 11 meeting, Vin did not inform him about Thiu's decision. The collapse of the ARVN as they sought to protect their families was caused by Thiu's decision. As panic set in and ARVN troops refused to fight or deserted in large numbers, Vin tried to rally his nation's troops: "We have only one way and that is to fight for our survival." The historic hour is here. He believed that the Thiu government could no longer prosecute the war effort effectively.On April 1st, Vice President Vn Hng and Prime Minister Gen. Trun Thin Khim consulted with General Weyand. "Weyand's Hard-Nosed Message" was published in the Los Angeles Times. Ambassador Graham Martin. President Gerald Ford sent Weyand a personal message indicating that there were limited supplies coming but that the ARVN had to hold its ground. The new South Vietnamese Defense Minister, General Trn Vn n, was advised by Vin that the ARVN troops would no longer fight. Ted Serong thought this was a sign that Vin was abandoning the fight. Smith believed that the JGS staff was working very hard to reconstitute forces which had fled and wanted to continue to fight.On April 21, he issued a statement that said he would stay and fight. The National Assembly was briefed on what was likely to happen after the city fell. K said he offered to lead a tank column so that they could open the road to the west and help tens of thousands of people flee the city, but he was turned down by Vin. It's not clear what Vin's next actions will be. Dng Vn Minh, who had returned to the country in 1968, would be named President on April 27. The JGS is in turmoil because of other versions of the fall of Vietnam, including one that 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 Rowman and Littlefield were in New York in 2009.PAVN forces took control of Saigon on April 30, 1975. Assessments of the military career of the man are generally positive. General Westmoreland wrote in his memoir, "Never have I known a more admirable man: honest, loyal, reserved, scholarly, diplomatic." Historians said his strategic and command skills were better than those of American generals. Smith was most impressed with this man. Our relationship was complete candor on the matters he chose to discuss. ...He never said an unkind thing about anyone. He was never bitter despite the fact that he was never going to get more support. He was very kind. Colonel John K. Singlaub described the general as a "major factor in getting things done" in a top secret report. Some people are critics. General Lm Quang Thi said he preferred practicing yoga over leading troops. He was called something of a prima donna by a Los Angeles Times reporter.He was described as a mediocre staff officer by Nguyn Tin Hng. On April 28, 1975, <mask>n vin left South Vietnam for the United States. He arrived in the U.S. on April 29, 1975, aboard a C-141 Starlifter aircraft. He was taken to an undisclosed location where he was met by his family. The family's ties to the U.S. go back to 1973, when the oldest son was a student at an American university. The family settled in New Jersey, where the wife ran a dry cleaning business. His wife started an export-import business after moving to Falls Church, Virginia.The U.S. Army paid Vin to write about the Vietnam War. In The Final Collapse, he argued that a lack of U.S. air power led to the defeat of the South Vietnamese government. After retiring from the U.S. Army, he considered teaching French literature, but he was unable to work because of arthritis. A lifelong adherent of Buddhism, Vin never smoked tobacco or drank alcohol and loved birds. He became an American citizen in 1982. He kept bees and allowed them to sting him, but it was only temporarily effective. The wife of Vin died in 1991.His daughter became a professor at the College of William and Mary. His son <mask> Tuan died in 1996, and his son was never found. The last years of <mask>n were spent at an assisted living facility in Virginia. He died of a heart attack on January 22, 2008. His daughter and five grandsons were with him. At the time that he left South Vietnam, the American press believed that he was one of the wealthiest generals in the country. According to the Los Angeles Times, "repeated American complaints" prevented Vin from accumulating wealth or engaging in corruption.One of the largest landholders in the Mekong Delta was the daughter of Vin's wife. Her family's land was taken by the Viet Cong. While her husband was in the military, she built a large number of businesses. She owned and operated bars and hotels that served military personnel and diplomats, as well as a number of other businesses, including a construction company that built up to 30 homes a year. After moving to the US, she ran an import-export business that specialized in handicrafts from Vietnam. Favors, military and political promotions were sold by her. There was almost no evidence to support the claims that Vin's wife enriched the family due to her husband's position.In 1970, a member of the National Assembly accused Vin of corruption. Nguyn Vn Ngi was a former Minister of Rural Development and a Senator in the National Assembly. There was a rumor that the Vins deposited $1 million in a bank in Guam during their flight from South Vietnam. In addition to his National Order of Vietnam, Silver Star, and Legion of Merit, General Vin was awarded eight other medals from the governments of the Philippines, the Republic of China, South Korea, and Thailand. As of 1967, he received the following honors from the Republic of Vietnam: ArmyDistinguished Service Order, 1st class Air Force Order, 1st class NavyDistinguished Service Order, 1st class Gallantry

masks:
Cao V
Cao Anh
Cao V


texts: A British naval officer who served in the War of 1812, the Napoleonic Wars, Syrian War and the Crimean War with the Russians, as well as a period commanding the Royal Navy, died on 6 November 1860. He was the naval officer most well-known to the public in the early Victorian Era because he was an innovator with the development of iron ships and an advocate of humane reform in the Royal Navy. He was a midshipman on the 16-gun sloop when he left her in May 1800. He served on the flagship of Sir John Borlase Warren. In 1802, he was transferred to the frigate by Captain William Hoste. In the following year, he moved to gyptienne to escort a convoy of ships in the English Channel and off the coast of France. In later years, feeling he had been badly treated by her captain, <mask>ming, <mask> challenged that officer to a duel, though they were eventually reconciled by their seconds.He served briefly on Mediator before moving to Boulogne. He was promoted to lieutenant in November 1805. He was in the West Indies at the time of the action in which the squadron under Warren took the French. He was appointed acting commander of the brig of 16 guns, formerly the French privateer Austerlitz, after returning to the West Indies with Warren. He became captain of the brig-sloop in August of 1808, and fought a battle off Antigua with the French sloop Diligente, in which his thigh was smashed by a cannonball. After taking part in the capture of the Caribbean island of Martinique, he distinguished himself in the pursuit of three escaping French ships of the line, handling the small Recruit so well that the British were able to capture the French flagship Hautpoult. He was promoted to acting post captain and given the command of the captured 74-gun ship-of-the-line.His rank was confirmed on May 22, but he was put on half-pay when he came home as a temporary captain. He spent time at the University of Edinburgh while on half-pay. He went to Portugal to visit his cousins, one of whom was <mask> <mask>, the future conqueror of Pakistan. He saved his cousin <mask>'s life and was wounded in the Battle of Buaco. He served in the Mediterranean Fleet under Sir Edward Pellew, disrupting enemy shipping. The capture of the island of Ponza was one of his main accomplishments. He commanded the 36 guns of the frigate off the French and Spanish Mediterranean coast in 1813.The surrender of Napoleon and his first period of exile in 1814 led to the transfer of his ship and crew to the coast of North America, where the War of 1812 with the United States was still in progress. After the Battle of Bladensburg and the Burning of Washington, he took part in the August expedition up the Potomac River to Alexandria. The British squadron took 10 days to travel upriver, with many strandings and damage from a tornado/thunderstorm, but on August 28, 1814, they captured Fort Washington on the north shoreline, which was blown up by the Americans prior to the bombardment. The shipping was seized after the town of Alexandria capitulated. Despite American attacks, the squadron successfully withdrew downriver with their prizes. The man was wounded in the neck. The British Army accompanied by 16 warships attacked the city of Baltimore on 12 September 1814.On the morning of the 13th, the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River was attacked by the British. At. On the 12th, Gen. Ross arrived at North Point to attack the town from the east. He was shot just before his troops met the Maryland Militia. The Battle of North Point took place that afternoon. After pausing for the night to tend to the wounded and now under the command of Col. Arthur Brooke, the regiments waited outside the American fortifications. The naval forces were able to move upriver to attack the eastern land redoubts after taking old Loudenschlager's Hill.The British force in longboats armed with scaling ladders penetrated the Middle or Ferry Branch of the river along the southern shore shortly after midnight. Before they could land, however, they were detected and subjected to a withering fire from the still active guns of Fort McHenry and two smaller forts to the west. Cannon and rockets were used by the British to fight back. While watching the battle from a safe distance, Georgetown lawyer and poet Francis Scott Key, who had been attempting to free William Beanes, arrested earlier for jailing British Army deserters, was inspired to compose the poem, "The Defence of Fort McHenry", which was later set to music On the morning of the 14th, the Americans raised a huge 42 by 30-foot flag, with the firing of the traditional morning gun, after the night had ended. The blockade of the eastern seaboard of the U.S.A. began when Euryalus went to Nova Scotia for refitting. The famous American, Baltimore-built frigate, which had been lying in on the Elizabeth River harbor near the U.S., was challenged by <mask>.Since making her only war cruise during the first year of the War, the Naval base at Norfolk, Virginia, is going to fight a single-ship battle. The challenge was accepted and due arrangements were made 'in the most gentlemanly fashion', but Euryalus was made part of the squadron that Admiral Cochrane took to Florida and Louisiana in December 1814 in the operations that climaxed in the Battle of New Orleans. Euryalus returned to Britain after Napoleon's brief return to power. The last mission of the Napoleonic wars was to land troops at the mouth of the River Scheldt to protect against the French advance into Belgium. The Companion of the Bath was made to Napier at the end of the war. He married the woman he had known and loved in Edinburgh while he was still a teenager. After marrying a Lieutenant Edward Elers, she was widowed.She had four children who were adopted by him. The second son, <mask> <mask>, became a naval officer. Edward El <mask>ers rose to the rank of major-general and wrote books of travel and reminiscence, as well as an authoritative biography of his stepfather. A son was born in Rome and a daughter was born in Lake Geneva. <mask> died as a result of an accident when he was five years old. He spent the first few years of his leisure in Italy, Switzerland and Paris. He spent the wealth he had from his mother's side freely.The steam and iron were used for correspondence with the Admiralty on the need for naval reform, which lasted for the rest of his career. He wanted to convince the civil administrations of the need for innovative ship-design and tactics, the development of steam ships, the proper training of officers, and decent living conditions for ordinary seamen. Seamen should receive proper wages and pensions, and the use of the press gang should be abolished, he held. He was ahead of his time. His advocacy had no effect on the administrators. He invested a lot of money in a steam vessel service that would ply along the River Seine. One of the first iron-hulled vessels ever built, and the first designed to venture into open water, was financed and built by him.The design was formulated by Manby and his son <mask> and was assembled at Rotherhithe on the Thames, where she was named after the master of the Horseley Ironworks. After trials in May 1822, the Aaron Manby crossed the English Channel to Le Havre and proceeded up the Seine to Paris, where she caused a great stir and where she was based for the next decade. It was the first direct passage from London to Paris by steam ship and the first seagoing voyage by an iron ship, but it was not the first passage from France to Britain by steam ship. The family was left in severe financial difficulty when the company that built the steamships went bankrupt. The ships gave 30 more years of service. He was appointed to command the boat at the beginning of the 19th century. He was given permission by the Admiralty to fit her with his own design paddles.He proved that ships could travel on their own. The Admiralty did not adopt this innovation. The Azores were the only part of Portugal still held for Queen Maria II of Portugal at the start of the Liberal Wars. He impressed the constitutional leaders so much that they begged him to take command of their small fleet. After Galatea was paid off, he accepted their proposal in February 1833. Queen Maria's father Dom Pedro, ex-Emperor of Brazil, and the Liberal forces were in Porto when he arrived. He was the new commander of the Liberal fleet.The Liberal army was transported to the Algarve to open a second front in the south of the country. He destroyed the larger Miguelite fleet in the Battle of Cape StVincent on July 5, 1833. The Liberals were able to capture Lisbon because of the two strokes. He was struck off the British navy list. Dom Pedro appointed him admiral of the Portuguese Navy on July 10. The Royal Navy was seen as a credit to the British seamen who manned the fleet. King William IV disliked both <mask> and Dom Pedro.He commanded land forces in the successful defence of Lisbon. He was made Commander of the Tower and Sword and the Count of the Cape of SaintVincent in the Peerage of Portugal. He defended his prize in the Court of Common Pleas after he captured The Lord of the Isles steamer. He reconquered the Minho region in 1834 with a small army made up of British sailors. After the defeat of Miguel and the death of Dom Pedro, <mask> was frustrated in his attempts to reform the naval administration of Portugal and returned to England. His departure was followed by a vote of thanks in both houses of the parliament. The by-election for the parliamentary seat of Portsmouth was held in December of 1834.He wrote a history of the Portuguese War and his own part in it. The author of An Account of the War in Portugal was only an admiral. He was restored to his former rank of captain in the British Navy List by an Order in Council on 9 March 1836, but he was unsuccessful in his attempt to become a Liberal. The ship of the line had 84 guns. When trouble broke out in Syria and Muhammad Ali, ruler of Egypt, invaded it, he ordered the Mediterranean. Powerful was anchored in the Cove of Cork, Ireland when urgent orders came from the Admiralty to go to Malta. The ships of the line were already in England.<mask> set sail for Gibraltar at 2 a.m. on the 30th. Powerful arrived at Gibraltar on 12 June to hear the other two ships were three days ahead of her, but by superior seamanship <mask> overtook them in the Mediterranean and Powerful entered the harbour of La Valletta, Malta on the evening of 24 June, with band playing and under every stitch of canvas. There was a lull for about a year. In the summer of 1840 the Maronite Christians of Lebanon rose in revolt against the

masks:
Charles Flee
Napier
Charles James
Napier
Charles
Napier
Charles Elers
Napier
Napier
Charles
Charles
Napier
Napier
Napier
Napier


texts: Egyptians and Muhammad Ali sent Ibrahim Pasha with 15,000 troops to burn towns and villages along the Lebanon coast. By 1 July 1840, with a detached squadron and the rank of commodore, <mask> was patrolling the coast to protect British interests. In August he called upon Suleiman Pasha, Muhammad Ali's governor, to abandon the town and leave Syria, but there was little he could do until September, when he was joined by the allied fleet under Robert Stopford. There was an open war on 11 September.Due to the illness of the army commander, the land force was ordered to land at D'jounie with 1,500 Turks and marines to destroy Ibrahim, who was prevented by the revolt from doing more than trying. Stopford claimed his flag of truce had been fired on and bombarded Lebanon, killing many people. Sidon, the Egyptian army's southern base, capitulated on 28 September after an attack by land and sea. The Egyptians left Lebanon on 3 October. While preparing to attack Boharsef, <mask> was ordered to give up his command of the army and hand it over to Smith. <mask> disobeyed the order and continued with the attack against Ibrahim's army because it would have meant giving up the tactical initiative. One of the few land battles won by a naval officer was the Battle of Boharsef.At the end of the month, the only coastal position still held by the Egyptians was Acre. The Mediterranean Fleet, with its Turkish and Austrian allies, moved into position against the western and southern sides of the town. The fire of the ships was very accurate. 1,100 men were killed when a shell penetrated the main magazine in the south of the city. Acre was occupied. British losses were 18 men killed and 41 wounded. A space in the fleet's deployment was left by accident and mutual misunderstandings, which did not affect the outcome of the action.Stopford didn't push the issue of court-martialling <mask> for insubordination. The rapid collapse of Muhammad Ali's power, with the prospect of bloody chaos in Egypt, was not part of the Allies' plan. On 25 November, <mask> appeared before the city and enforced a blockade. He personally negotiated a peace with Muhammad Ali. The treaty guaranteed Muhammad Ali and his heirs the sovereignty of Egypt and promised to evacuate Ibrahim's army back to Alexandria if Muhammad Ali gave up all claims to Syria. In a letter to Lord Minto, the First Lord of the Admiralty, <mask> said he didn't know if he had settled the eastern question correctly. The Sultan and the British ambassador were furious after Stopford repudiated the arrangement.On November 27th, the formal treaty concluded and was essentially a re-enactment of <mask>'s original. Muhammad Ali's last heir, King Farouk, ruled Egypt until July 23, 1952, when the Free Officers movement under Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser staged a military coup and forced him to abdicate. He was knighted as a KCB on December 4, 1840, and included in the vote of thanks by the Houses of Parliament. He received the Order of Maria Theresa of Austria, the Order of St. George of Russia, and the Red Eagle of Prussia. In January 1841, <mask> went to Alexandria and Cairo to make sure that the treaty was being followed. At his own request, he was placed on half pay because he was invited to stand as a parliamentary candidate. He was re-elected as a Liberal Party Member of Parliament.Increasing the strength of the navy was one of the topics he spoke about. In April 1842, with 67 other MPs, he voted to form a committee to consider the demands of the People's Charter: votes for working men, protected by secret ballot. In 1841, he was appointed Naval Aide-de-Camp to Queen Victoria. War in Syria was his personal account of the campaign. The Freedom of the City of Edinburgh was invested by him on December 4, 1845. The paddle-frigate was designed by <mask> and was launched in May 1846. He was promoted to rear-admiral of the Blue in November.He was appointed to the command of the Channel Fleet in May 1847. By this time he was perhaps the naval personality most famous to the general public: his level of everyday name-recognition is shown by the passing allusion in William Makepeace Thackeray's famous humorous ballad Little Billee. In the July–August 1847 general election, he did not stand for a seat in the parliament. The Channel Fleet was sometimes a force to be feared, but this was not always the case. Throughout the 20th century, the Western Approaches would be called the fleet's area of operations. The British interests in Portugal needed to be protected during the final stages of the civil war. Ireland was feared to be near insurrection after the Great Famine.The considerations of experiment and training with new ships were made necessary by the rapid technological advances. The political situation in Ireland made it necessary for the fleet to show the flag and train in order to land soldiers on any part of the Irish coast. The purpose of sending the Channel Fleet to Gibraltar was to curb the activities of Riff pirates. The Sultan of Morocco granted compensation for the injuries he had inflicted on British commerce. He was ordered to strike his flag after returning to Britain. His disappointment that his expected three years term had been cut short led to bitter letters to The Times. When he applied for the Mediterranean command, the Government and Admiralty agreed that he could not be trusted and he was rejected.He wrote angry letters to the newspapers and to the Prime Minister, claiming that he had been cheated of his rights. He was unsuccessful in his attempt to become a member of the House of Commons at a by-election in August 1850. He was promoted to vice-admiral of the Blue on May 28, 1854. He received the command of the Baltic Fleet, the largest fleet assembled by the Royal Navy since the Napoleonic Wars, which was destined to act in the Baltic Sea. He was the most senior and experienced officer available to the Admiralty. In February 1854, in the steam ship of the line, he hoisted his flag, with his commanders being the rear-admirals Armar Corry, second in command, and Henry Ducie Chads, third in command, and James Hanway Plumridge, commanding the scouting forces They were all older than him, at most a year or so younger.The French fleet sent in June by Napoleon III and commanded by Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes was impressive on paper, but it was not suited to operations in the Baltic, which was chronically short of men and experienced seamen. He blockaded all the Russian ports and overawed the Russian Baltic Fleet that it never stirred from its moorings. The first ever Victoria Cross was won by midshipman <mask> Lucas of the gunboat, who threw a Russian bomb into the water before it exploded. Commodore Henry Byam Martin replaced Rear-Admiral Corry because of his poor health. The capture and destruction of the Russian fortress of Bomarsund on land, which was temporarily liberated from Russian rule, was the major success of the campaign. He refused to attack the great naval bases at Sveaborg and Kronstadt because he did not have the bomb vessels to do so. In 1855 a better-equipped Anglo-French fleet did bombard Sveaborg, but despite an enormous expenditure of ammunition the fortress only trifling structural damage.The First Lord of the Admiralty, Sir James Graham, was second-guessing him a lot. The Naval Lords were reacting to adverse press coverage and unwilling to accept the assessment of the commander on the spot, and relations between them deteriorated as his ships maintained the blockade in atrocious weather, unable to storm or destroy Russian fortresses into the bargain. <mask>'s disrespectful tone in his despatches, which the Admiralty complained of, sealed his professional fate. Even though there was no dramatic action apart from the capture of Bomarsund, <mask> had achieved a lot. The Russian Navy was bottled up for the entire first summer of the war. The tsar didn't get to reinforce his Black Sea fleet with more ships. The 30,000 Russian troops posted in the Gulf were prevented from joining the army.Not a single ship had been lost and the fleet personnel had been welded into a much more competent force for the next year's campaign. In December 1854, when he returned to Britain from the Baltic, he was told his command had been terminated and that the fleet would be given to the admiral. The Second Sea Lord was Richard Saunders Dundas. The flag officers of the 1854 campaign were not allowed to return to the Baltic in 1855, but Sir Michael Seymour was promoted to rear-admiral and made second-in-command to Dundas. The Admiralty tried to make <mask> a scapegoat for the perceived failure of the campaign and suborned several captains to testify to their lack of confidence in him. Nevertheless, some of the leading seamen in the fleet, such as Captain (later Admiral) Sir Bartholomew Sulivan, maintained along with him that the strategy had been wise and the fault lay with the Admiralty themselves. The Russians testified that their main hope was for him to make a foolish attack on their fleet under the guns of Kronstadt, where they were confident he would come to grief.In February 1854, the Member of Parliament for Southwark carried his dispute with the Admiralty to the floor of the House of Commons. He didn't get another command. He continued to campaign for improvements in the way common seamen were treated until his death in 1860. His tomb is located in the churchyard of All Saints. The Portuguese Navy went into mourning for their former commander. He would have commanded a fleet for the liberation of Italy if he had succeeded. Sir <mask> was a man of great energy and courage, but also of great arrogance.He caused a lot of offence to his brother officers by his behavior in the Syrian War, and was involved in a lot of arguments with the Admiralty. A 14 stone man with wounds on his legs and neck walked with a limp and a stoop. His nickname in the Navy was 'Black Charlie' because of his swarthy appearance and dark side-whiskers. He was also known as'Mad Charlie' because of his eccentric behavior and enthusiasms, and 'Dirty Charlie' because of his habit of wearing the most unsuitable and ill-fitting clothes while insisting that his officers were correctly dressed at all times. There is a memorial in St Paul's Cathedral. Stephen Glover wrote The Retreat from St. Jean d'Acre and dedicated it to <mask>. Further reading is <mask>, Elers.The life and correspondence of an admiral. There is a vol. The first issue of 1 / Vol. "Correspondence between the Admiralty and Vice-Admiral Sir C<mask> respecting Naval Operations in the Baltic 1854" was published in

masks:
Napier
Napier
Napier
Napier
Napier
Napier
Napier
Napier
Napier
Charles Davis
Napier
Napier
Napier
Charles Napier
Commodore Napier
Napier
. Napier


texts: <mask> was an Australian printmaker. The period immediately preceding World War I was when Traill worked in England and France. She served in hospitals during the war. A series of prints depicting the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge was created by Traill. She is one of the great Australian artists of the 20th century. On July 29, 1881, <mask> was born. <mask> was a bank manager in Victoria and the father of her mother.Traill and her sisters were educated at a boarding school in Switzerland where they learned French and German. Two of Traill's sisters joined religious orders later in life, while Margaret became a carver. Traill attended the National Gallery of Victoria Art School from 1906 to 1902, where she was taught by a member of the Heidelberg School. Her fellow students were mostly women. Traill and her sister Minna, along with her father, sailed for England in 1906. George is buried in Rome. Traill studied in London under Frank Brangwyn, as well as taking classes in summer with him in Belgium and the Netherlands.She was the most accomplished student he taught. Traill's first successes were in 1909 when her works were hung at the Paris Salon and the Royal Academy of Arts in London. Her work was hung at the Royal Academy in 1914. Traill joined the Voluntary Aid Detachment when war broke out. She worked at a convalescent facility in May 1915 and later in a military hospital. <mask> and Rae were the only Australian women artists to portray the war. Traill wasn't included when Australia first appointed official war artists in 1918.<mask> was a member of the Australian Painter-Etchers' Society in 1921. Her interest in woodblock printing of Japan was reflected in her works from this period. Traill made a series of seven prints for the Australian Painter-Etchers Society's only exhibition. Six etchings were completed across the period 1927 to 1931, and a coloured aquatint was created after construction was finished in 1932. Traill's best known images have become highly regarded. At the time they were created, the artist Arthur Streeton observed that the city of Melbourne should be proud of Miss <mask>. She has won for herself a high position because of her fine sense of design and her ability to render difficult subjects.She does a large drawing composed of huge curves and angles successfully. She is the only artist in Australia who can compare with her in the fine and varied exhibition of Sydney Bridge and other designs which will open today at the Athenaeum Gallery. Her drawings of the Harbour Bridge from 1927 to 1931 form a triumphant and original record of that mighty masterpiece of steel, and it would be well if the finest of them were acquired and housed as a national collection and an artistic record of the structure. Building the Harbour Bridge VI: Nearly complete, June 1931, was praised by the National Gallery of Australia as "perhaps the finest representations of this genre". Sandy Kirby focused on the fourth print in the series, Building the Harbour Bridge IV: The Ant's Progress, noting how it drew attention to the technical feat of building. The images of the Sydney Harbour Bridge were considered to be Traill's greatest achievement by an art critic. In 1935, Dora Wilson painted a portrait of Traill, which was acquired by the State Library of Victoria.The National Gallery of Victoria has a portrait of Traill. On May 15, 1967, Traill died at Emerald. Traill used zinc plates in etching and aquatint. Traill worked with the largest plates that the press would take and achieved dramatic chiaroscuro, according to her biographer Mary Lee. She was a lithographer as well. One reviewer thought that the rediscovery of an artist previously almost unknown to the public was caused by the collection of works by Legacy Butler. She was described as a key figure in the history of Australian printmaking when the Gallery held a retrospective of her work.The exhibition "reasserts the supremacy of <mask> as one of the great Australian artists of the 20th century", concluded the author and art critic. Traill's etchings were the most poetic and technically refined prints produced in Australia before World War II. External links include the State Library of Victoria and the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

masks:
Traill
Jessie Traill
George Hamilton Traill
Traill
Traill
Jessie Traill
Jessie Traill