texts: During the Three Kingdoms period of China, <mask> was a minister and the second Imperial Chancellor of the state of Eastern Wu. <mask> studied under <mask> in his early years and was praised by his mentor. He started his career as a county chief. He performed well in office as an acting commandery administrator after he came to serve the Sun Quan. <mask> rose through the ranks as a minister and eventually became the Imperial Chancellor after Sun Quan became the ruler of the independent state of Eastern Wu in 222. He held office for 19 years. After the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, <mask> was born in the present-day city of Suzhou.His great-grandfather was a former Administrator of Yingchuan Commandery. The Gu clan, which he was from, was one of the four most influential clans in the Jiangdong region at the time. Sometime in the 180s, <mask> <mask> met Cai <mask> and learned calligraphy and music from him. <mask> <mask> showed that he was able to learn quickly and easily while studying under Cai <mask>. He was praised by Cai <mask>, who told him: "You will definitely reach the pinnacle of success." The same as mine, I offer you a new name. <mask> <mask> changed his name to "<mask>", which was similar to Cai <mask>'s name.His courtesy name was "Yuantan", which means "top praise", to reflect the high praise he received from his mentor. <mask> <mask> was recommended to join the civil service by the Administrator of Wu Commandery. He was the chief of Hefei County before he was assigned to Lou County and then to Qu'e County. When the Han central government granted the warlord Sun Quan the nominal appointment of Administrator of Kuaiji Commandery, he in turn appointed <mask> <mask> as his deputy and acting Administrator to help him govern. <mask> <mask> integrated rebels and minorities under his jurisdiction and maintained peace. He was appreciated by his subordinates and the people alike. He was reassigned to be a Left Major after holding office for many years.<mask> <mask> was promoted to the position of Minister of Imperial Ancestral Ceremonies and the Prefect of the Masters of Writing after Sun Quan became the King of Wu. <mask> <mask> was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Yangsui District. When <mask> <mask> returned to his office after his conferment ceremony, his family didn't know that he had been made a marquis, so they were surprised when they found out later. <mask> <mask>'s mother went to live with him in Wuchang, the imperial capital of Eastern Wu, in the early 20th century. When she arrived, Sun Quan greeted and welcomed her in person, and later paid his respects to her in his imperial court in the presence of all his subjects. Sun Deng also greeted her. <mask> <mask> was promoted from a district marquis to a county marquis under the title "Marquis of Liling" in the same year.He took charge of the imperial secretariat after succeeding Sun Shao as the Imperial Chancellor. The appointment of <mask> <mask> and Lu Xun as Chancellor was a compromise between the local Jiangdong nobility and the ruling clique of Eastern Wu, as both <mask> and Lu descended from notable and powerful Jiangdong clans. As long as it enabled the Sun royal family to maintain the overall control, Sun Quan was eager to grant more power shares for the Jiangdong nobility. <mask> <mask> was the Imperial Chancellor and managed the administration well. He allowed his subordinates to put their talents to good use by assigning them to their appointments in a way that suited their preferences. He went on inspection tours to see if policy changes could improve the lives of the people. He secretly proposed his new ideas to Sun Quan.He gave the credit to Sun Quan if his ideas were approved and implemented. He didn't reveal anything if his ideas were rejected. Sun Quan trusted and regarded him very highly. <mask> <mask> was a reticent person, but he was also known for standing by his principles and holding his ground when he had to. On one occasion, when Sun Quan asked for feedback from his subjects, he was able to ask for a review of the laws. He pointed out that the laws were too strict and that the penalties for crimes were too harsh. Sun Quan turned to <mask> <mask> and asked him what he thought.<mask> <mask> said that his observations were in line with what Zhang Zhao had said. Sun Quan gave the go-ahead for a review of the laws. The palace secretaries were often sent to consult with <mask> <mask>. If <mask> <mask> approved, he would have food and drinks prepared for the secretaries. He did not have food or drinks prepared for them if he disapproved. The secretaries scrapped their ideas and went back to work. If Lord Gu is happy, that means he approves your idea.He thinks your idea can be improved if he doesn't say anything. I will think through it again when that happens. Sun Quan had a lot of respect for <mask> <mask>. Many military officers in charge of defending the border along the southern banks of the Yangtze River wanted to gain credit for making contributions in battle, so they often wrote to the imperial court to suggest launching small raids on their rival state. <mask> <mask> said that in warfare one should refrain from trying to make small gains. The officers want to claim some credit and glory for themselves, not for the benefit of the State. They should not be allowed to make such suggestions.If a suggestion doesn't do much harm to the enemy and isn't enough for us to showcase our military prowess, then it shouldn't be taken into consideration. Sun Quan listened to his advice. <mask> <mask> was the Imperial Chancellor and he never shared his opinions on policy issues. L Yi was appointed as the supervisor of the bureau in charge of auditing and reviewing the work of all officials in both the central and regional governments. Along with his colleague, L Yi abused his powers by picking on trivialities and making false accusations. Some officials were wrongly arrested, imprisoned and tortured. L Yi wanted <mask> <mask> dead.The latter was going to ask Sun Quan to remove him from office because he was incompetent. L Yi dropped the case against <mask> <mask> because he knew that Pan Jun resented him, after an official pointed out that Pan Jun would most likely become the next Imperial Chancellor. L Yi's abuses of power came to an end in 238 when Sun Quan learned the truth about him. After removing L Yi from office, Sun Quan ordered <mask> <mask> to conduct an investigation and imprisoned him under the watch of the Ministry of Justice. <mask> <mask> performed his job well while interrogating L Yi. <mask> <mask> asked L Yi if he had anything else to say. L Yi was silent.<mask> <mask> rebuked another official, "As government officials, we should follow the laws." Why do you have to do this? <mask> <mask>'s handling of L Yi's case was disapproved of by the Eastern Jin dynasty historian. He said that L Yi's actions had damaged the integrity of the Eastern Wu government and reduced people's trust in the government. If L Yi pleaded not guilty and <mask> <mask> did the same, there was a chance that Sun Quan would believe that L Yi was innocent and release him. If that happened, the efforts of Sun Deng, Pan Jun, Lu Xun, and others who stood up to L Yi's abuses of power would be in vain. L Yi deserved to be reprimanded by <mask> <mask> because he was the one who did the evil things.One of Sun Quan's nieces married a younger relative of <mask> <mask>. <mask> <mask>, his sons and grandson attended the wedding. <mask> Tan was the Master of Writing in the Selection Bureau, the equivalent of a human resources director in the government at the time. During the celebrations, he became drunk and started dancing wildly in front of his grandfather and other guests. <mask> <mask> was upset with his grandson's behavior but he didn't say anything. <mask> <mask> lectured <mask> Tan that rulers see hardship as a virtue to endure for the sake of fulfilling a greater purpose. Although Xiao He and Wu Han made great contributions to the Han dynasty, the former became tongue-tied in front of Emperor Gao while the latter exercised caution.What contributions have you made? You are in the Emperor's favor because of your family history. How dare you lose control of yourself? Even though you weren't sober, your behavior still shows that you aren't humble enough, and that you think you don't need to be respectful just because the Emperor favors you. It looks like you will bring disgrace to our family one day. <mask> <mask> lay on his couch and rested. <mask> Tan was allowed to leave after about two hours.<mask> <mask>, the Imperial Chancellor for 19 years, died at the end of 243. Sun Quan sent his palace physician to visit <mask> <mask> when he heard about his condition. <mask> <mask>'s youngest son, <mask> Ji, was commissioned as a Cavalry Commandant. When <mask> <mask> heard about it, he sadly remarked, "Zhao is an expert at assessing whether someone will live or die." I know that I won't recover. The Emperor wants me to see him receive his commission. He died between November 29 and December 28 of that year at the age of 76.Sun Quan wore mourning clothes and attended <mask> <mask>'s funeral. <mask> <mask> was honoured with the title "Marquis Su", which means "serious marquis". Appraisal <mask> <mask> was known for being a reserved and quiet person. Even in casual and informal settings, he maintained proper conduct and behavior. Although <mask> <mask> doesn't talk much, he is spot on when he speaks. <mask> <mask> was usually a spoilsport because his mere presence made his colleagues feel uneasy. They were worried that he would see their non-sober states, so they exercised greater self-control while enjoying themselves.When <mask> <mask> is around, no one will have fun. <mask> <mask> relied on his personal integrity and showed great wisdom and tolerance according to Chen Shou, who wrote <mask> <mask>'s biography. He was in a most prestigious position until his death. The Administrator of Lujiang Commandery in the late Eastern Han dynasty was married to a daughter of <mask> <mask>. He was a brother-in-law of Lu Ji, who served as an official under Sun Quan. <mask> <mask> had three sons: <mask> Shao, <mask> Yu and <mask> Ji. The Administrator of Yuzhang Commandery, <mask> Shao, died at the age of 30.His two sons, <mask> Tan and <mask> Cheng, were exiled to the remote Jiao Province after they served as officials under Sun Quan. <mask> Yu was the second son of <mask> <mask>. He was known for being in poor health while he was the Administrator of Yidu Commandery. One of his sons, <mask> Rong, rose to high positions in the Jin government after serving under the Jin dynasty. <mask> Yu was well known in his youth. He was a Regular Mounted Attendant under the Jin dynasty. <mask> <mask>'s third and youngest son, <mask> Ji, was the inheritor of his father's peerage because his older brother died early and his second brother was not in a good state of health.There was no one to inherit <mask> Ji's peerage because he didn't have any children. During the Yong'an era, the third Eastern Wu Sun Xiu issued an imperial emperor edict. The State was supported by his graciousness. I am sad to hear that he doesn't have a descendant to take over. I order the second son of <mask> <mask>, <mask> Yu, to inherit the peerage of the Marquis of Liling in order to honor his father's past contributions. Notable relatives of <mask> <mask> include his brother and sister-in-law. List of people of the Three Kingdoms Notes References.There are records of the Three Kingdoms. Pei was born in the 5th century. There are annotations to the records of the Three Kingdoms. There were 168 births and 243 deaths in Chinese chancellors and politicians.

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Gu Yong
Gu Yong
Cai Yong
Gu Yong
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texts: She is an American stem cell biologist, developmental neurobiologist, and geneticist. She is the founding Director of the Center for Regenerative Medicine. William and <mask> were the parents of education and early life Loring. <mask> is her sister. Her father's job as a uranium and copper prospector made it necessary for the family to move frequently. Loring was raised in mining towns in Arizona, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Wyoming. At home, <mask> filled in the gaps of her small-town education.In 1968, <mask> was selected for a National Merit Scholarship, which allowed her to attend the University of Washington in Seattle, where she completed a bachelor of science degree, magna cum laude, in molecular biology. <mask> became interested in stem cell development through her research on neural crest cells while she was a National Science Foundation Research Fellow at the University of Oregon. She began working as a visiting assistant professor at the University of California Davis in 1979. After completing her PhD, <mask> went to UC Davis to study embryology and neurobiology. <mask>'s work included the development of cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. As a Senior Scientist at GenPharm International, she focused on the intersection of genomics and stem cells. <mask> was involved in the creation of mouse models for human disease.Nine of the human embryonic stem cell preparations that were approved for federal funding by President George W. Bush in 2001 were derived from <mask>'s work on human embryonic stem cells. Because of high patent licensing fees, Arcos merged with another small company, Cythera, which then merged with another stem cell company, Bresagen. The company became Viacyte to focus on the development of stem cell-derived therapies for Type 1 Diabetes. The initiation of federal funding for human embryonic stem cells made Dr. <mask> eligible to receive National Institutes of Health funding, and she was awarded a grant to provide the first West coast training course for hESC research. <mask> became the founding co-director of the Stem Cell Center at the Burnham Institute. The Public Patent Foundation and John Simpson from Consumer Watchdog were involved in the challenge of the WARF patents. The US Patent Office rejected the patents, leading to the WARF to narrow its claims.The modification meant that WARF's patent covered only embryo-derived stem cells and excluded iPSCs, an important victory for the stem cell field. The primary patent expired in 2015, after the Supreme Court declined to take up the case. In 2007, <mask> was recruited to The Scripps Research Institute, where she was the founding director of the Center for Regenerative Medicine. She moved her lab and research projects to Aspen Neuroscience in the year 2019. Aspen was founded to bring more research to the table. She was the Chief Scientific Officer at Aspen. She is an Adjunct Professor in the School of Public Health at San Diego State University and a Research Fellow at the Zoological Society of San Diego.Her research focuses on human pluripotent stem cells, a type of cell that can be used to make all of the cell types in the body. Over 200 peer-reviewed scientific articles have been published by her. She has patents on Alzheimer disease and stem cells. <mask> is an advocate for patient education and against stem cell tourism and has frequently spoken out on these subjects. She commented on the ethics of stem cell research in an article with pro-life advocate Christine Scheller. She frequently guest writes on the stem cell blog, The Niche, describing her experiences, such as attending an FDA public meeting on Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. She received the Stem Cell Person of the Year award in 2015, the Stem Cell Action Advocacy Award in 2015, and the Stem Cell Pioneer award from Xco for her advocacy of stem cell research.The goal of <mask>'s research is to ensure the safety and effectiveness of stem cells in cell therapy. <mask> oversaw the development of an animal-free test of pluripotency that uses gene expression profiling to predict pluripotency of novel cell lines. Aspen Neuroscience received a patent on the test. She has done an analysis of the integrity of the cells in the culture. Parkinson's disease is caused by the death of dopamine neurons in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra. Parkinson's disease therapy is being developed by Aspen Neuroscience. The project was funded by the patient advocacy group Summit For Stem Cell.The goal of the project is to create autologous dopaminergic neurons from iPSCs for use as a cell replacement therapy. The approach of using autologous cells ensures that they won't be rejected. The project is notable for its high level of community involvement. Multiplesclerosis therapy development is one of the projects in Dr. <mask>'s lab. A human neural precursor cell derived from pluripotent stem cells was used to restore motor function in a mouse model of Multiplesclerosis. The recovery process for the transplanted cells in the mouse lasts for several months before stabilizing. The goal of the research is to identify the mechanism by which human cells induce recovery from paralysis in a mouse.<mask>'s laboratory is using iPSCs from patients with a genetic form of autism to understand the causes of the disease. The goal of the research is to understand how the brain develops. The work using iPSCs could lead to the identification of drugs to treat the two disorders. The Stem Cell Zoo <mask> and her colleague, Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun, were the first to report the generation of stem cells from rare species. IPSCs were created from a primate, a drill and a rhinoceros. There are only two northern white rhinos left in the world, and the hope is that iPSCs can be differentiated into sperm and egg cells to generate new animals. According to <mask> in an interview with Nature News, there is a way to generate new animals if everything works out.The project is a collaboration with The Frozen Zoo at the San Diego Zoo Institute forConservation Research, which has collected and frozen samples from thousands of animals, including twelve northern white rhinos. Loring said that when animals die, you can freeze some of their cells and they will last forever. A plan to save the northern white rhino was published in a paper after an expert meeting in Vienna, Austria, in December 2015. The Xconomy Stem Cell Pioneer award, the 2015 Stem Cell Action Advocacy Award, and the 2015 Stem Cell Person of the Year are just some of the awards <mask> has received. She received a fellowship from the National Science Foundation. The prestigious international group of researchers working toward the development of cell replacement therapies for Parkinson's disease, called G-ForcePD, invited <mask> to join them. <mask> is married to David L. Barker, who was the Chief Scientific Officer of Illumina, Inc.<mask> and Barker like to travel and see the best total solar eclipses in the world, including Easter Island, Russia, Turkey, Indonesia and Australia. <mask> has had 17 eclipses. There were 13 in which the moon completely obscured the sun for up to 5 minutes, and 3 in which the moon covered all but the edges of the sun. She spent more than 45 minutes in the darkness of the sun. 1950 births American women biologists American neuroscientists American geneticists University of Washington College of Arts and Sciences alumni University of Oregon alumni

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Elizabeth Loring
Anne Loring
Bill Loring
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texts: The hero of the Venezuela War of Independence was <mask>. He seized power over the new state of Venezuela in 1835 after becoming an important leader of eastern Venezuela. The captain of the "Santiago Mario de Acua" militias was his father. His mother, Atanasia Carige Fitzgerald, was from the island of Trinidad and lived there with his parents when he was a boy. His sister was Concepcin Mario. He was educated because of his parents' wealth. He moved to the island of Margarita after his father's death to take possession of his inheritance.Masonry Mario was one of the greatest figures in the history of Freemasonry in Venezuela. The title of "Serenismo Gran Maestro del Gran Oriente Nacional" is equivalent to the modern Grand Master. The rise of the revolutionary movement in Venezuela was influenced by the confusing and rapidly changing situation in Spain. France declared war on Spain in 1795 after concluding an alliance with Spain and Great Britain. The colonies of Spain were cut off from their rulers by blockading and began to trade with Britain. The first British Governor of Trinidad after the capitulation of the Spanish was a great supporter of the revolutionaries in Venezuela. On 6 June 1797, he issued a proclamation based on suggestions from Britain, which stated: "The object which at present I desire most particularly to bring to your attention is the means which might best be adopted to liberate the people of the continent near to the Island."In order to fulfill this intention with the greater facility, it will be necessary for your Excellency to keep up the communication that he had with the inhabitants of Trinidad prior to the reduction of that Island. The defeat of the British invasions of the River Plate in South America, largely by local militias, encouraged a more independent attitude. After the Battle of Trafalgar, the power of Spain was weakened, paving the way for independence. The opportunity for revolutionaries in South America was opened by the weakened Spain. The Spanish king, Ferdinand VII, was deposed by Napoleon. His father Charles IV abdicated the throne in favor of his son. He was replaced by Joseph Bonaparte, the older brother of Napoleon, who ruled as king of Spain from 6 June 1808 to 11 December 1813.The beginning of Spain's War of Independence from French domination was marked by a "Supreme Central Junta" formed in the name of Ferdinand. Napoleon was forced to allow Ferdinand VII, who ruled Spain until his death in 1833, to return to power after leading a long and bitter war against the British forces under the Duke of Wellington. The city council or cabildo of Venezuela reformed itself as a Junta on 19 April 1810. The Junta of Seville ruled in the name of the king. The setting up of the Junta was seen by Simn Bolvar as a step towards independence. Britain received preferential treatment and paid 25% less tax than other nations. The young Bolvar went to London and Mario in order to get support if Venezuela was attacked.He was given promises of future trade concessions despite being an ally of Britain and Spain. The popular party rebels declared that the province was an enemy territory and its ports were blockaded. The Royalists held the Orinoco Delta, while the rebels held the coast from Maturn to Cape la Pea. Colonel Villapol marched to Guayana with Mario. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He was promoted to the rank of colonel after bravely defending the center of the Royalists' assault. The Spanish were focused on New Granada and Spain when the Venezuela War of Independence occurred.Gran Colombia's independence from Spain was established in 1819. After the Battle of San Mateo, the Republic collapsed and Francisco de Miranda capitulated to Monteverde. They either fled or were imprisoned. Mario retired to a property owned by his sister. The Royalist leader General Monteverde violated the terms of the armistice by imprisoning many Venezuela's and was informed of the ill-treatment that befell Miranda and the other patriotic men. Mario was incensed by the abuse and formed an expeditionary force of 45 people on the small island off the coast of Trinidad. The future Generals were among the small group.The revolutionaries crossed the Gulf of Paria in canoes and landed on the coast of Venezuela on January 11, 1813. Before Mario's force left, the Governor of Trinidad sent a group of soldiers to investigate claims that a military force was on the island. They returned to report that they had not found anything, but that the Government of Trinidad was neutral and Mario had been exiled from Trinidad. Guiria is a small town on the gulf coast of Venezuela. The main body of 500 Royalist troops had recently moved inland and the local militia was quickly overcome. Mario was soon leading a force of 5,000 men armed and equipped with supplies captured at Guiria. They marched against Maturn.Bolvar was happy that the Royalists would have to fight on two fronts, but he wanted to liberate Venezuela before Mario could. Tussles and Simn Bolvar were independence leaders. Bolvar received the approval of the "New Granadan Congress" to lead a force into Venezuela in what became known as the Admirable Campaign. <mask> invaded from the east in an independently organized campaign. The royalist troops were defeated in a number of battles. The restoration of the Venezuela republic, which was not fully recognized by Mario based in Cuman, was proclaimed by Bolvar on 6 August 1813. There was a fight between the two men.Mario set up a separate political entity in the east after he conquered eastern Venezuela. Bolvar's first proposal was for a central government to unite Venezuela and New Granada to ensure their viability. Bolvar and Mario fought in February and March 1814. They regrouped at Valencia and Bolvar handed over command to Mario, "as a sure sign of his high opinion of his person and services, and also in this way to ensure the adhesion of the eastern officers to the common cause of Venezuela." Due to their repeated reverses, they had to retreat from central Venezuela to the port of Carpano. Bolvar and Mario were removed from power by the republicans in Venezuela. Ribas and Piar decided not to try them and instead released them into exile.After the fall of the second republic, Bolvar and Mario set sail for Cartagena de Indias, leaving Piar and Ribas to lead the republicans. They left for Jamaica and Haiti in the 19th century. In 1816, after participating in the first expedition of Les Cayes, arriving at Venezuela was named second of the Liberator. When Bolvar returned from Haiti to Barcelona, Bermdez and Valdéz rebelled against Mario and Bolvar. In 1816 Bolvar used the island of Margarita as his base of operations and in 1817 the Spanish General was driven off the island. The Cariaco Congress was dissolved due to a clash between the Congress and the government of Venezuela. Mario had a license to return to the army after he was a deputy in the second Congress of Venezuela.It won the battle of Cantaura and took part in the movement that displaced the vice-presidency of the Republic from Francisco Antonio Zela. Juan Bautista Arismendi was named the general in chief and Mario was nominated as the commander in chief of the army of the east. Mario was promoted to the General Staff after Bolivar arrived. After more and more of the caudillos joined Bolvar, Piar rebelled against him and was put to death in October 1817. The Royalists were able to dominate Cuman because of the conflict between Bolvar and Mario. The General-in-Chief of the Army of the East was given control over the plains of Barcelona, while Bermdez and Cedeo were given the rest of the eastern districts. Mario was the Chief of Staff during the second Battle of Carabobo, which secured Venezuela's independence on June 24, 1821.In May 1831, a council of 150 residents of the city of Barcelona, General <mask> and José TadeoMonagas were invested as the principal authorities of the "State of the East". President José Antonio Pez persuaded the Monagas brothers to submit to central authority after stopping the attempt. The "Revolucin de las Reformas", headed by Mario, had the objectives of establishing military control, the religion of the State, in 1835. Mario briefly took the power of the country after the expulsion of the President and Vice-president on July 9, 1835. Mario's military rule ended early after José Antonio Pez and his forces entered Venezuela to find that the Reformists had abandoned it. In 1836, Mario was forced into exile and fled to a number of countries. Mario became Army Chief under President José TadeoMonagas and confronted his former leader, General José Antonio Pez, who was also the President of Venezuela.Mario tried to get the presidency of Venezuela in the 1830s and 40s. He led the forces that overthrew Pez at the 'Batalla de Los Araguatos'. Pez was exiled after being imprisoned. According to one source, Mario died in La Victoria on 4 September 1854. Venezuela has a history that includes the Second Republic of Venezuela and the Venezuela War of Independence.

masks:
Santiago Mario Carige Fitzgerald
Santiago Mario
Santiago Mario


texts: <mask> has an interest in climate dynamics, human migration, ice-sheet modeling and sea level. He was a co-author of the Third Assessment Report and a lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report. His research has been cited over 18,000 times. He was the founding Director of the Institute for Basic Science Center for Climate Physics. In December of last year, the Center began to use a 1.43-petaflops Cray XC50 for climate physics research. He received a degree. In physics and M.S.In 1992 and 1995 I received degrees in theoretical physics from the University of Marburg in Germany. After working as a research assistant for several years at the Max Planck Institute of Meteorology, he obtained a PhD in meteorology. <mask> became a principal investigator of the DFG Research Group after working in the Netherlands and Hawaii. He was an Associate Professor in the Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii. He moved to South Korea to head up the new center for climate physics. He was a Highly Cited Researcher in the environment and ecology category in 2020. E. J. brook, A<mask>, T. Blunier, S. Hur, and S.J.Climate, by <mask>, is an article about climate drivers of early human migration. The Physical Science Basis in Climate Change. The contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was made by Mass Von-Delmotte. T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Doschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, and P.M. Midgley, Eds. Cambridge University Press, 383-464.Over the past six centuries, there have been inferred changes in El Nio-Southern Oscillation. A combination mode of the annual cycle and the El Nio/Southern Oscillation. The strength of the Atlantic overturning circulation during the last deglaciation is estimated. Modes of climate variability are simulations by a coupled general circulation model.

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Timmermann
Timmermann
. Timmermann
A Timmermann


texts: <mask> was an American journalist, suffragist newspaper editor, writer, and political activist. The first editor of the influential newspaper, The Suffragist, <mask> was one of the leading female muckraking journalists of the Progressive era. Child was born on November 2, 1866 in Omaha, Nebraska. She was the second child in a family of four daughters and two sons who were born to a New York-born druggist. Child and her sister snuck out of the house against their father's wishes to hear Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton speak. Dorr became committed to the idea of voting as a fundamental right after experiencing the experience. Child studied for two years at the University of Nebraska before moving to New York City to work as a journalist.She met <mask> in New York. The couple moved to Seattle to start a family. After her marriage, <mask> <mask> continued to work as a journalist, interviewing gold miners returning from Alaska writing articles for New York newspapers. She was forced to make her own way financially as a single mother after she and her husband separated in 1898. <mask> worked at the New York Evening Post where she wrote about women's issues. She used to work in factories, mills, and department stores to study labor conditions for women and children. The treatment of women in the workplace was not equal.She said that she had a man's ability to earn a good living despite being a female. My services as a reporter and writer were sought by the most prestigious newspaper in New York. It was a mark of ability to be asked to join the staff, a mark of special ability if you were a woman, because in those days very few women could get a job on a newspaper anywhere. I had to accept a salary less than half that of my male colleagues because of my sex. I was told that I could never hope for a raise. The managing editor told me that women were accidents in the industry. They were allowed to stay because they were temporarily needed, but eventually the status quo ante would be restored and the jobs would go back to the men.When she asked her managing editor what her future was with the paper, she was told she had nothing outside of her current position. 4, nos. In the summer of 1906, <mask> left the Evening Post and traveled to Europe, where she became even more interested in the movement to grant the right to vote to women. After returning to America, she continued this activity. <mask> wrote investigative features about the grim situation faced by urban working women for a reform magazine. In 1910, What Eight Million Women Want, a book which was regarded as influential in its day, was collected in hard covers. <mask> was a member of the Socialist Party of America and lived on the Lower East Side of New York City, where she became aware of the economic plight of the working class.<mask>'s political activity included picketing for striking workers in the garment industry and working with the Women's Trade Union League on behalf of social legislation such as the minimum wage, the 8-hour day, and women's right to vote. The first major investigation by the U.S. Bureau of Labor into the conditions faced by female workers was forced by <mask>'s political efforts. <mask> was the first editor of The Suffragist, the official organ of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. European correspondent <mask> dropped out of the Socialist Party over its opposition to American entry into World War I and her belief that the organization favored the "tyranny" of a German victory in the conflict. <mask> abandoned her faith in socialism in the early 1920s, following her experiences in Russia and Czechoslovakia. <mask> was a European correspondent for the New York Evening Mail. In addition to her journalism, <mask> wrote two popular books on the European situation, including an account of the overthrow of the regime of Nicholas II entitled Inside the Russian Revolution, published in 1917, and The Soldier's Mother in France, published in 1918.After the end of the war, <mask> returned to Washington, DC to conduct research for a series of magazine articles. In the night of November 18, 1919, <mask> was hit by a motorcycle and was hospitalized with a broken arm and other serious injuries. The accident ended the active period of <mask>'s life, leaving a lasting impact on her memory and health. <mask> was a member of the Women's National Republican Club and worked on the presidential campaign of Warren G. Harding. Her personal politics became more conservative as she got older. She wrote several articles for the American press as a foreign correspondent when she traveled to Europe in an effort to regain her health. Anna Vyrubova's memoir, My Memories of the Russian Court, was written in 1922.<mask>'s memoir, A Woman of Fifty, was published in 1924. <mask>'s biography of Susan B. Anthony was published in 1928 and her book on prohibition was published in 1929. One of <mask>'s sons was a United States Consul to Mexico during Herbert Hoover's presidency. The former envoy died in Mexico City. There was a death in New Britain, Pennsylvania, on August 8, 1948. She was 81 years old when she died. There is a list of suffragists and suffragettes.There is a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person with a person Chicago: Stone and Kimball in 1896. The human race is breaking. The National American Woman Suffrage Association was founded in New York in 1910. What about eight million women? Small, Maynard & Co. was founded in Boston in 1910. The Women Did It in Colorado: How the Colorado Women Learned to Vote and the Reforms They Have worked with their Ballots.The Russian Revolution was inside. New York, 1917. The Soldier's mother is in France. Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill Co. A woman is older than 50. The Encyclopedia of New York, 1924. The "A Convert from Socialism" was published in the North American Review.No.224, whole no. In 1927, pp. 837 499–504. In the book. "The Man Who Set Virginia One Years Ahead: An Interview with Governor 60, no. February 2, 1928.Susan B. Anthony changed the mind of a nation. The Frederick A. Stokes Co. was founded in New York. Drink: Coercion or Control? The Frederick A. Stokes Co. was founded in New York. Julia Edwards wrote Women of the World: The Great Foreign Correspondents. Ivy Books was published in 1988. Ladies of the Press, Ishbel Ross.New York:Harper in 1936. The Radical Feminists of Heterodoxy was written by Judith Schwarz. Revised edition. New Victoria Press was published in 1986. The biography of <mask> <mask> <mask> can be found at Swiftpapers.com.

masks:
Dorr
Dorr
John Dorr
Rheta
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Dorr
Rheta
Childe
Dorr


texts: The United States Air Force (USAF) had a lieutenant general named <mask>. He was a member of the Air War Plans Division and the Operations Division of the War Department General Staff during World War II. He commanded the 316th Bombardment Wing and served on the staff of the U.S. Army on Guam, the Pacific Air Command in Manila, and the Far East Air Force in Tokyo. He was the NATO commander from 1957 to 1960. On October 31, 1905, <mask> was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He graduated from West High School in 1924 and then from the University of Minnesota in 1928. He was commissioned as a reserve second lieutenant in the infantry.He joined the United States Army Air Corps on June 28, 1928. He completed the Primary and Basic Flying School at March Field, California, and the Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field, Texas, on June 27, 1929. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the air reserve after graduating from Kelly. <mask> was posted to the 91st Observation Squadron. In April and May 1930, he was on temporary duty at Mather Field. After completing the Air Corps Tactical School Maintenance Engineering course in October 1930, he rejoined the 91st Observation Squadron as assistant squadron engineering officer and then as squadron engineering officer. When the Army was called upon to deliver air mail, the Advanced Aerial navigation was interrupted.He flew air mail between Portland, Oregon, and Kennewick, Washington. He completed the Advanced navigation course after returning to the 91st Observation Squadron. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1935. He served as a navigation officer with the 9th Bombardment Squadron and the 88th Observation Squadron at Hamilton Field. He was a temporary captain from 1935 to 1936. He was sent to the Territory of Hawaii in January 1937, where he served with the 7th Service Squadron at Schofield Barracks, the 50th Observation Squadron at Luke Field, and the 18th Wing at Hickam Field. He was a navigation and operations staff officer and conducted a navigation school for officers in the Hawaiian Department.He was the operations officer and the assistant operations officer of the 18th Wing. He was assigned to the 97th Observation Squadron in New York after returning to the United States. He attended the Air Corps Tactical School in Alabama from January to March 1940 after being promoted to the substantive rank of captain. He conducted a training course for combat observers when he was assigned to the 22nd Observation Squadron. He was promoted to major on March 15, 1941. <mask> joined the War Department General Staff in 1941. He was assigned to the Air War Plans Division as a member and later as the chief of the African-Middle East Section.He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in January 1942. He became a member of the Policy Division of the Strategy and Policy Group in the Operations Division when the War Department was reorganized in 1942. From July 5, 1942 to May 9, 1943, he was the chief of the Policy Division, with the rank of colonel. <mask> was assigned to the Joint War Plans Committee on 10 May 1943 and served as its chief from 1 July 1944 to 27 June 1945. The United States Army Air Force representative on the Joint Staff Planners was involved in the preparation of studies that were used to determine the nature of operations that the Allies of World War II would carry out. He was promoted to brigadier general. He was awarded a medal for his service with the Joint Chiefs of Staff.<mask> was the Assistant Chief of Staff, A-5 (Plans), at Headquarters U.S. Army Strategic Air Forces on Guam. He was the Assistant Chief of Staff, A-5, of the Pacific Air Command in Manila from December 1945 to January 1946. He commanded the 316th Bombardment Wing from January to February 1947. He became the Assistant Chief of Staff, A-2 (Intelligence), for the Far East Air Force in Tokyo from February to June 1947. <mask> returned to the United States and became the Chief of the Policy Division in the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations. He was the Chief of the Policy Division from 30 June 1947 to 18 April 1948, and the deputy director from 19 April 1948 to 2 October 1949, with the rank of major general. He was the Air Force member of the Joint Staff Planners from 3 October 1949 to 20 October 1950 and the deputy director for strategic plans from 1 May 1950 to 30 June 1951.On 1 July 1951 <mask> became the standing group liaison officer to the council deputies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which was located in Washington, D.C., but the council deputies were in London. On 19 July 1952, he became commander of the 3560th Air Force Indoctrination Wing. The basic training of Air Force recruits was supervised by him. He became the assistant deputy chief of staff for operations on February 11, 1957. In May 1957, he was promoted to lieutenant general. His last assignment was as NATO commander of Allied Air Forces Southern Europe, with his headquarters in Naples, Italy. He retired on April 30, 1960.<mask> worked as a consultant for several defense contractors after retiring from the Air Force. He died of heart failure in a hospital in California and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His children were Raylyn and <mask><mask>. His papers are held at Syracuse University. The University of Minnesota alumni who were Commanders of the Order of the British Empire were also recipients of the Legion of Merit.

masks:
Richard Clark Lindsay
Richard Clark Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Lindsay
Richard B
. Lindsay


texts: <mask> was Lebanon's minister of finance from 2005 to 2008 and is an economist. <mask> obtained his PhD in International Finance from the IEP in France in 1996. After completing his PhD, he served as a post-doc at Harvard University's Department of Economics researching the integration of emerging economies in the global economy. <mask> has a post-graduate degree in International Economic and Finance and a Master's degree in Applied Economics. INSEE, the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies, awarded the thesis he wrote in 1987 the best student research. <mask> was the Minister of Finance of Lebanon for three years. The economic and financial program of the Lebanon Government was spearheaded by him.The preparation and implementation of the Paris III International Conference for Lebanon was led by him. A reform agenda was conducted by <mask> <mask> in the Ministry of Finance. The United Nations Public Service Award was given to the reform program. <mask> <mask> is a member of the MEAG. He was appointed in 2012 by the President of the World Bank, member of the Independent Panel of Experts to review a broad range of issues around the Doing Business and Global Competitiveness. The G8-MENA Ministerial Group regroups ministers of Finance and central bank governors of the G8 and MENA countries. <mask> <mask> was the Managing Director of Inventis Partners, a Private Equity and Advisory Firm with investments in Europe and the Middle East.He was a V.P. until the end of 2012 A senior executive advisor at the company is actively involved in consulting governments, public sector organizations, central banks, financial sector and institutions. He held senior positions in the government and private sector. The World Bank and the EU were consulted by him. <mask> has published more than five books and several articles on economic and financial issues in international publications and academic journals. The Chairman of the board of International Advisors and member of the board of Trustees is <mask> <mask>. The Chairman of Mobile Innovation Hub, MiHub, is one of the projects he has pioneered.<mask> <mask> is a member of l'Ordre National de la Legion d'Honneur in France. <mask>'s involvement in government began in 1999 as project director of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Project at the Ministry of Finance, and as senior advisor to the Minister of Finance with Georges Corm and Fuad Siniora. Azour oversaw and managed all the reform projects within the Ministry of Finance, covering income tax modernization, budget and accounting reform, treasury management reform, debt management reform, and the automation of registry and cadastre operation. The Value Added Tax was introduced during this time. Azour helped organize a program of technical assistance from several international and bilateral organizations, managed the Lebanon Government's liability and external borrowing program through the international capital markets, and led an effort at the Ministry of Finance to modernize Lebanon's capital markets through the listing more than 12 Eurobonds Azour introduced measures to improve transparency at the Ministry of Finance through different means, including an increase in the number of reports and publications, workshops, conference, and the development of websites. <mask> <mask> Allen Hamilton. The International Monetary Fund's Fiscal Affairs Department consulted with <mask> on the reform of the tax structure in Qatar. <mask> taught courses on macroeconomic management in Lebanon and modern commercial banks' management at the American University of Beirut. <mask> <mask> was Lebanon's minister of finance from July 2005 to July 2008. He focused on formulating, implementing and monitoring an economic and social reform program that was presented by the government at the International Conference for Support to Lebanon-Paris III, which resulted in support from the international community worth over seven billion dollars. Given the trying political, security and economic challenges in Lebanon, he focused on maintaining financial stability. The ministry witnessed wide-ranging and effective implementation of reforms, which included undertaking revenue-management and administrative reform towards a function-based structure, undertaking budget and financial management reform, strengthening debt management, reforming capital markets, facilitating trade and customs procedures, modernizing.The transparency strategy of the ministry of finance is important to <mask> <mask>. He started the publication of reports, including establishing a quarterly meeting with donors and publishing a quarterly report on the status of pledges made at the Paris III conference, on the use of funds, and on the progress made to the economic and social reform program. For the first time in Lebanon, the fiscal accounts of the government were audited and published. Initiatives spearheaded by <mask> included institutionalizing dialogue with the private sector which resulted in the simplification of several finance, customs and tax procedures. The BADER Young Entrepreneurs Program and the Youth Economic Forum were initiatives spearheaded by Azour. The United Nations Public Service Award was given to the ministry of finance in 2007. The reforms in building a modern tax administration and the introduction of VAT were worked on by <mask> while he was the Finance Minister.<mask> was appointed the Director of the Middle East and Central Asia department by Christine Lagarde. In French: "Délits d'Initiés en Europe" was published by <mask> <mask>. The book on ethics and regulations in finance was written in collaboration with Ms A. Pezard. "Rapport sur l'Argent dans le Monde- 1995 and 1996" was an editor and contributor. The Booklet for the Lebanon Banking Association was written in English. The book was co-authored by Banque du Liban. The UNDP co-authored a report on linking economic growth and social development in Lebanon.There are many articles and research papers on financial issues in different publications. <mask> <mask> contributed as a speaker to several conferences and workshops. Prior to becoming Minister of Finance, <mask> was an active member of La Fassad. He is a founding member of the Lebanon chapter of the Young Arab Leaders. <mask> <mask> is married to Rola Rizk and has two sons. He is related to the former Minister Jean Obeid. References 1966 births Living people Harvard University staff

masks:
Jihad Azour
Azour
Azour
Jihad Azour
Jihad
Azour
Jihad
Azour
Jihad
Azour
Azour
Jihad
Azour
Jihad
Azour
Azour
Jihad
Azouroz
Azour
Azour
Jihad
Azour
Jihad
Azour
Azour
Azour
Azour
Jihad
Azour
Jihad
Azour
Azour
Jihad
Azour


texts: The Prince-Bishop of Warmia and the Archbishop of Gniezno were Poland's leading Enlightenment. His most notable literary works were his fables and parables, satire and poetic letters and religious lyrics, in which the artistry of his poetic language reached its summit. The title of count of the Holy Roman Empire was given to Life Krasicki after he was born in Dubiecko. He spent his childhood surrounded by the love and solicitude of his own family, which was related to the most illustrious families in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He attended a Jesuit school in Lww. He continued his education in Rome after taking holy orders. His brothers entered the priesthood as well.Krasicki developed a friendship with King Stanisaw August Poniatowski after returning to Poland. Krasicki became Poniatowski's chaplain when he was elected king. He co-founded the Monitor, a Polish Enlightenment periodical that was sponsored by the King. Adam Stanisaw Grabowski was elevated to Prince-Bishop of Warmia and ex officio membership in the Senate of the Commonwealth after serving that year as co-adjutor. A sense of independence was given to him by this office. It didn't prove to be a quiet haven. The Warmia cathedral chapter welcomed its superior coolly.Warmia was to be seized in the First Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Krasicki protested against external intervention. Prussia's King Frederick II "the Great" instigated the First Partition in 1772 and Krasicki became a subject. He didn't pay homage to Warmia's new master. He made frequent visits to Berlin, Potsdam and Sanssouci at the request of Frederick. The poet-bishop was a friend of the Polish king and had close relations with the king of Prussia. The nature and direction of Krasicki's subsequent literary productions could not be influenced by these realities.The opening of Berlin's St. Hedwig's Cathedral was presided over by Krasicki after the First Partition. Krasicki was called to the academy in 1786. His residences in the castle of the bishop of Warmia at Lidzbark Warmiski and in the summer palace of the bishop of Warmia at Smolajny became centers of artistic patronage for all sectors of partitioned Poland. Krasicki continued to have relations with Frederick's successor after his death. In 1795, six years before his death, Krasicki was elevated to Archbishop of Gniezno. Krasicki was honored by Poland's King Stanisaw August Poniatowski with the Order of the White Eagle and the Order of Saint Stanisaw, as well as with a special 1780 medal featuring the Latin device. Krasicki was buried at St. Hedwig's Cathedral after he died in Berlin.His remains were moved to Poland in the 19th century. According to Czesaw Miosz, the leading literary representative of the Polish Enlightenment was a prose writer and poet named <mask> <mask>. The reign of Poland's King Stanisaw August Poniatowski was enriched by Krasicki's literary writings. "wita Mioci kochanej ojczyzny" means "O Sacred Love of the Beloved Country" in Polish. He was approaching forty. It was a late debut that brought the extraordinary success of this strophe, which Krasicki would incorporate as part of song IX in his mock-heroic poem, Myszeida. Krasicki's idea of patriotism was expressed in high style and elevated tone.For many years, the strophe served as a national anthem and saw many translations, including three into French. The Prince Bishop of Warmia gave Polish form to many genres of European classicism. He paved the way for new genres. The first modern Polish novel was a synthesis of all the different types of the Enlightenment novel: the social-satirical, the adventure. It is believed that Krasicki's poem was inspired by a conversation he had with Frederick II at the palace of Sanssouci. The public scandal was caused by the poem's publication. The most enduring literary monument of the Polish Enlightenment is Krasicki's fables: Bajki i Przypowieci and Bajki nowe.The poet wrote about the world and human nature in Satyry. Pan Podstoli, published in three parts, 1778, 1784 and 1803, is one of the works by Krasicki. Zbir potrzebniejszych wiadomoci was the second Polish-language encyclopedia after Nowe Ateny. Listy o ogrodach was written by Krasicki, as well as articles in the Monitor and his own newspaper, Co Tydzie. Krasicki translated fragments of Dante's Divine Comedy into Polish, Ossian, and other languages. He wrote "On the Translation of Books" in 1772 and "On Translating Books" in 1803. The major works of Fame Krasicki were translated into Latin, French, German, Italian, Russian, Czech, Croatian, and Hungarian.The reception of his works was broad throughout the 19th century. Konstanty Ildefons Gaczyski wrote a poem about Krasicki in the 20th century. He is the hero of prose works by Wincenty Pol, Adolf Nowaczyski and Henryk Sienkiewicz. Krasicki's Fables and Satires have been viewed as politically charged by scholars. The characterizations were fictional constructs that reflected society's actual values. Poles were governed by greed, folly, and vice. The target audience for this is villagers, congregation, and the commonalty.Major questions of the day were brought to the attention of the fables. The New Fables, the sequel to the Fables and Parables, was published posthumously in 1803, but most of them were published after the First Partition of Poland. The symbology of the tale, rather than a complex presentation of ideology, is how the fables find their meaning in the final line. The publisher of Polish Fables overlooked the importance of the political and social context contributing to the fable's origin, as argued by Katarzyna Zechenter in The Polish Review. It is easy to see Krasicki's influence on his peers and on the early 19th century in the case of Gabriela Puzynina, a Polish princess, poet, and diarist. The establishment of Krasicki's Fables in Poland's suppressed political life was furthered by the establishment of a newspaper for the intelligentsia of Vilnius and Warsaw. Puzynina wrote a commentary on the Partitions of Poland in her Diary of the Years."O Sacred Love of the Beloved Country" is a list of Poles. Polish Literature from the Middle Ages to Positivism is the subject of a ed. 241–54. The Encyclopedia of Poland, Encyklopedia Polski, was published in 1996. Historia literatury polskiej: Alegoryzmpreromantyzm is a history of Polish literature. 437–54. Zbigniew Landowski, Krystyna wo, Sownik cytatw aciskich: wyraenia, sentencje, przysowia.Czesaw Miosz is the author of The History of Polish Literature. 179–181. Biography at monika.univ.gda.pl is one of the External links.

masks: Ignacy Krasicki


texts: The thirty-fourth treasurer of the United States was <mask>. She served from December 17, 1971 to February 14, 1974. Ramona's Mexican Food Products, Inc., located in Gardena, California, is owned by the first Hispanic treasurer of the United States, who was born into a poor family of Mexican-Americans. The Pan American National Bank was founded by her. The daughter of poor Mexican immigrants was born in the mining town of Miami, Arizona, on March 20, 1925. In 1933, during the Great Depression, the U.S. government deported her family and thousands of other Mexican-Americans even though many of them were born in the U.S. The <mask> accepted the government's offer to pay for their moving expenses because they believed the officials' statement that they could return as soon as the economy improved.The family owned a small ranch in the Mexican state of Sonora. Along with her parents, she rose early to tend the crops that her father and other male relatives had planted. She helped her mother make empanadas that she sold to bakeries and restaurants to make extra money. She said her mother was the type of woman who taught them how to live in any place and work with what they have. She said her mother was a strong example of what a woman could do with little. The culture of Mexico at the time had a 16 year old married to a 25 year old. She had two sons by the age of 18.She and her children returned to the United States. Some reports say she worked in a laundromat in El Paso, Texas, while others say she followed an aunt to Los Angeles. <mask> arrived in Los Angeles, California with her children, unable to speak English, and only seven dollars to her name. Ramona's Mexican Food Products made enough money to save some after working as a dishwasher and tortilla maker. She used to start a tortilla factory in downtown Los Angeles after she married Alejandro Bauelos. She made $36 on the first day of business after buying a tortilla machine, a fan, and a corn grinder. She wanted to sell her tortillas to local businesses.Ramona's Mexican Food Products, Inc. was incorporated as sales volume increased. Some say the sign painters made a mistake when spelling "Romana", others say "Ramona" was an early California folk hero, and still others think it was a product of people's unfamiliarity with the name. Ramona's Mexican Food Products, Inc. was established in the mid-1960s and had a daughter named Ramona. The Pan-American National Bank was founded in East Los Angeles, California, in 1963, by a group of businessmen looking for ways to help the Latino community. The men initially approached her husband with the proposal, but he was busy with political work and suggested the men talk to Acosta. The main purpose of the bank was to bankroll Latinos who wanted to start their own businesses. If Hispanics could increase their financial base, they would have more political influence and be able to improve their standard of living.In 1969 she was appointed chairperson of the bank's board of directors and received the city's Outstanding Business Woman of the Year Award. Later that year, Mayor Sam Yorty presented her with a commendation from the County Board of Supervisors, and she established a college scholarship fund for poor Mexican-American students. Pan-American National's success caught the attention of the Richard Nixon's administration. The president wanted to repay the Republican National Hispanic Assembly for their help in his election. When asked if she would consider the office of U.S. treasurer, she agreed to the nomination. Nixon chose her as his candidate. During the nomination process, she was surprised by a raid on her tortilla factory by U.S. Immigration Service agents.The agents, contrary to their usual methods, carried out a loud, disruptive raid through the facility, attracting a lot of press attention. Nixon sided with her and accused the Democrats of inciting the raid. The Senate investigation found that the raid was done to cause embarrassment to the Nixon administration. <mask> became the nation's 34th treasurer and the first Latina treasurer in U.S. history despite the ugly affair. She became the highest-ranking Mexican-American in the government when she took office in 1971. Her daughter said, "My mother's legacy is that she ran the place as a business, not just as another wing of the government." Nixon resigned the presidency in 1974 when he was engulfed in the Watergate scandal and was replaced by Gerald Ford.She returned to her businesses, family and philanthropic endeavors after she resigned as treasurer. She said in a 1979 interview that it was a beautiful experience. I will always be grateful to President Nixon. She was a founding member of Executive Women in Government. Ramona's made and distributed 22 different food products by 1979. It sold $12 million a year and had more than 400 employees. The popularization of Mexican cuisine in the United States was aided by the company's success.As the Hispanic population of the country grew, so did sales of tortillas, empanadas, and many other traditional favorites. The inexpensive, delicious foods of other ethnic groups boosted the company's profits. Ramona's became one of the largest distributors and manufacturers of Mexican food in California in the 1980's. In the 1980s and 1990s, she continued to serve as president of Ramona's and Pan-American National, and by 1992 she had served three terms as chair of the bank's board of directors. She allowed her children to take over daily operations of Ramona's and to play large roles in the bank's operations in the late 1990s. The CEO of Pan-American National and president of Ramona's ran both businesses from her Los Angeles home. The family owned two-thirds of the bank's shares.Pan-American National Bank is credited with helping economically troubled East Los Angeles develop a sense of community and with being a factor in the economic improvement of its Latino population. There was a death in Redondo Beach, California. The Outstanding Business Woman of the Year was presented by the City of Los Angeles. The County of Los Angeles received an award. The East Los Angeles Community Union gave a woman achievement award. The Latino Business Chamber of Greater Los Angeles gave a lifetime achievement award. The text is from the U.S. Department of State.There is an oral history at Penn State University about a few good women.

masks:
Romana Acosta Bauelos
Acostas
Acosta
Acosta


texts: <mask> was an American actress, director and screenwriter. She acted in silent film shorts for 75 years. The First Lady of American Cinema was named <mask>. <mask> was a prominent film star from 1912 into the 1920s and was associated with the films of D. W. Griffith. Her leading role in The Birth of a Nation was the highest-grossing film of the silent era. She appeared in films at the dawn of the sound era, including Duel in the Sun and The Night of the Hunter. She played opposite Bette Davis in the 1987 film The Whales of August and did a lot of television work from the early 1950s into the 1980s.<mask> became an advocate for the preservation of silent film during her later years. She was in the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1972 despite being better known for her film work. Mary Robinson McConnell and JamesLeigh <mask> were the parents of early life <mask>. She was a popular movie star and had a younger sister. Her mother was a Scottish Episcopalian and her father was a German Lutheran. Dunkard ministers were the first several generations of <mask>. <mask>'s mother took up acting because her father was an alcoholic and left the family.The family lived in East St. Louis with Henry and Rose McConnell. The girls helped sell popcorn and candy to patrons of the old Majestic Theater, which is next to their mother's Candy Kitchen. The girls acted in school plays. When James was gravely ill in Oklahoma, the girls were living with their aunt in Ohio. The brother and wife of James's brother, Alfred Grant <mask>, lived in Oklahoma. She was able to see her father for the first time in 35 years after he was released from the Oklahoma Hospital for the Insane. She attended high school there with her aunt and uncle.Her father died in Oklahoma in 1912, but she returned to Ohio a few months later. When the theater next to the candy store burned down, the family moved to New York, where the girls became good friends with a next-door neighbor. Mary Pickford was the stage name of Gladys, who was a child actress. They joined the theatre when they were young and traveled separately in different productions. In exchange for voice lessons, they took modeling jobs and posed for an artist. Mary Pickford helped get the sisters contracts with Biograph Studios. One of America's best-loved actresses, who was 19 years old at the time, lied to casting directors about her age.<mask> made her stage debut at The Little Red School House. She toured in Her First False Step with her mother and sister. She danced in New York City in the following year. After 10 years of acting on the stage, she made her film debut in An Unseen Enemy. She was assured of its merits when thespians considered "the flickers" a rather base form of entertainment. During a performance of A Good Little Devil in 1913, <mask> collapsed from anemia. In her film career, she suffered so much for her art that she became obsessed with it.One of the enduring images of <mask>'s silent film years is the climax of the melodramatic Way Down East, in which <mask>'s character unconscious on an ice floe towards a raging waterfall, her long hair and hand trailing in the water. She had nerve damage in her fingers. <mask> did not eat and drink for three days prior to her death scene in La Bohme, causing the director to fear he would be filming the death of his star as well as of the character. The Birth of a Nation, Intolerance, Broken Blossoms, Way Down East, and Orphans of the Storm were some of the most acclaimed films of the 20th century. He used her talents to their fullest, developing her into a strong hero. She became known as "The First Lady of American Cinema" after appearing in over 25 short films and features in her first two years as a movie actress. She was the most respected actress of Hollywood cinema.She directed her sister in a film called Remodeling Her Husband. He thought the crew would work harder for a girl. At the time, <mask> told reporters that directing was a man's job. The film is thought to have been lost. In 1925, <mask> reluctantly ended her work with Griffith in order to take an offer from the recently formed MGM, which gave her more creative control. She was offered 1 million dollars for six films by MGM in the late 19th century. She asked for a more modest wage and percentage so that the studio could use the funds to increase the quality of her films.<mask>'s contract with MGM ended in 1928, and by the late silent era, Greta Garbo had surpassed her as MGM's leading lady. Three films with MGM gave her total creative control. The Wind, <mask>'s favorite film of her MGM career, was a commercial failure with the rise of talkies, but is now recognized as one of the most distinguished works of the silent period. Though not a box-office hit as before, her work was respected artistically more than ever, and MGM pressed her with offers to appear in the new medium of sound pictures. Her debut in talkies was only moderately successful due to the changing attitudes of the public. Many of the silent era's leading ladies, such as <mask> and Pickford, had been wholesome and innocent, but by the early 1930s these roles were perceived as outdated. The ingenues diametric opposite was at its peak of popularity.<mask> was seen as a silly, sexless antique by those who criticized it. In order to garner public sympathy for <mask>, Louis Mayer wanted to stage a scandal, but <mask> didn't want to act both on screen and off, and returned to her first love, the theater. She appeared in Hamlet with John Gielgud and Judith Anderson, as well as Marguerite in a limited run of La Dame. She said that she played a lewd Ophelia. <mask> was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance in Duel in the Sun. The scenes of her character's illness and death late in the film seemed to evoke some of her silent film performances. She appeared in films for the rest of her life, including The Night of the Hunter, in which she played a rural guardian angel protecting her charges from a murderer.She was considered for a number of roles in Gone with the Wind, including Ellen O'Hara, Scarlett's mother. From the early 1950s to the late 1980s, <mask> appeared on television. She starred in the original production of The Trip to Bountiful. In 1965, she played the role of Maria Feodorovna in a Broadway musical. <mask> became one of the leading advocates of the lost art of the silent film, often giving speeches and touring to screenings of classic works. She hosted The Silent Years in 1975. The documentary series Hollywood: A Celebration of the American Silent Film had an interview with her.The Special Academy Award was given to <mask> for his contributions to the progress of motion pictures. She received the Women in film Crystal Award in Los Angeles in 1979 and the American Film Institute Lifetime Achievement Award in 1984. She has a star on the Walk of Fame. Her last film role was in The Whales of August in 1987 at the age of 93, in which <mask> and Davis starred as elderly sisters in Maine. <mask> won the National Board of Review Award for Best Actress. <mask> received a standing ovation from the audience. Some in the entertainment industry were angry that <mask> didn't get an Oscar nomination for her role in The Whales of August.<mask> remarked, "Well, now I won't have to go and lose to Cher". She had a small part in the 1988 studio recording of Show Boat, in which she spoke a few lines of The Old Lady on the Levee. "Good night" was the last words of her career. Radio Gish was in an episode of the show. "Marry for Murder" was broadcast in 1943. <mask> appeared in an episode of I Was There in 1944. The Birth of a Nation was dramatized in the episode.On May 31, 1951, she starred in a Broadway adaptation of Black Chiffon. <mask> was named one of the greatest female stars of Classic American cinema. She received the George Eastman Award, for distinguished contribution to the art of film, in 1955. She received two awards, one in 1971 and the other in 1984. The Kennedy Center honored <mask> in 1982. At the Wiltern Theatre in Los Angeles, she introduced The Wind. She was a special guest at a film festival.The Gish Film Theatre and Gallery is located in the Department of Theatre and Film at Bowling Green State University. <mask> accepted the honor for herself and her sister, who had died several years earlier, at the dedication on June 11, 1976. The Doctor of Performing Arts degree was awarded to <mask> the next day. A collection of Gish films and photographs were accepted by the University in 1982. The Gish Theatre was renovated and an endowment was created in the 1990s. The University raised funds to enlarge its gallery after <mask>'s death. The University's Black Student Union called for the Gish Theatre to be renamed due to <mask>'s involvement with The Birth of a Nation.The trustees voted unanimously to remove the <mask> name on May 3, 2019. The names of the actresses who starred in The Whales of August were removed from the film theater at Bowling Green State University. The protest was signed by over 50 film industry figures. <mask> never married or had children. Several of their associates were certain that they were at least briefly involved in the relationship between herself and D. W. She referred to him as "Mr. Griffith" for the rest of her life. She was involved with both Charles Duell and George Jean Nathan.<mask>'s association with Duell became something of a tabloid scandal when he sued her and made the details of their relationship public. <mask> was a survivor of the 1918 flu epidemic, having contracted the illness during the filming of Broken Blossoms. She had a close relationship with both her sisters and Mary Pickford. The "First Lady of the American Theatre" was one of her closest friends. <mask> was the mother of James MacArthur and designated him as a beneficiary of her estate. <mask> was an Episcopalian. <mask> was a strong supporter of Ronald Reagan.During the period of political turmoil in the US that lasted from the outbreak of World War II in Europe until the attack on Pearl Harbor, she maintained an outspoken non-interventionist stance. She was an active member of the America First Committee, an anti-intervention organization founded by a group of law students. She said she was blacklisted by the film and theater industries until she signed a contract in which she promised to stop her anti-interventionist activities and never reveal the fact that she had agreed to do so. On February 27, 1993, <mask> died of heart failure at the age of 99. She was about to become a centenarian. She was laid to rest beside her sister at a church in New York City. The majority of her estate's value went to the creation of the Gish Prize Trust.An episode of American Masters featured a retrospective of <mask>'s life and achievements. A street in Massillon, Ohio is named after <mask>, who had lived there during an early period of her life and fondly referred to it as her hometown throughout her career. The movie Day for Night was written and directed by Franois Truffaut. In the 1933 novel Company K, <mask>'s photo is mentioned as an inspiration for a troubled soldier. The sisters converted the mansion into a home for young actresses to live in. They were aware of the comforts that would be missed from home. The Smashing Pumpkins named their debut album <mask> after her.When Billy Corgan's grandmother lived in the middle of nowhere, she used to tell him that one of the biggest things that ever happened was when <mask> rode through town on a train. The movie stars of the 1910s are the subject of a book. The stars acting are <mask>, Garbo, and Davis. Charles Affron. The Historical Journal of Film, Radio, and Television 36 states that "Lilian <mask> as Actress, Star, and Theorist" was written by Annie Berke. Peter Bogdanovich. Stuart Oderman wrote A Moment with Miss Gish.

masks:
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gishes
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
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Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Lillian
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
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Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
Gish
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Gish
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Gish
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Gish
Lillian Gish
Gish
Gish


texts: <mask> was an American photographer, writer and gay rights activist. She was the first lesbian American photographer. Photographs of lesbians appeared on the cover of The Ladder for the first time under Lahusen's art direction. Barbara Gittings was the editor of The Ladders at the time. Lahusen was involved with the founding of the Gay Activists Alliance in 1970 and the removal of homosexuality from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. She contributed writing and photographs to a New York–based Gay Newsweekly, and co-authored two books: The Gay Crusaders in 1972 with Randy Wicker and Love and Resistance: Out of the Closet into the Stonewall Era with Diana Davies. On January 5, 1930, <mask> was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.She was brought up by her grandparents. She was interested in photography as a child. She said she liked using a box camera and pushing it to get something artistic out of it. She graduated from Withrow High School in 1948. She discovered her attraction to women when she was a teenager and went to Ohio State University with a girlfriend. The relationship lasted six years as Lahusen studied English and planned to become a teacher. Lahusen was devastated by the loss of her girlfriend, who left in order to marry and have a normal life.In Boston, Career Lahusen worked in the reference library of The Christian Science Monitor. After seeing a copy of the lesbian magazine The Ladder, she reached out to the organization and met Barbara Brooks Gittings at a Daughters of Bilitis picnic. Lahusen moved to Philadelphia to be with Gittings. When Gittings took over The Ladder in 1963, Lahusen became art director and made it a priority to improve the quality of art on the covers. In September 1964, Lahusen began to add photographs of real lesbians on the cover of the magazine, which had previously been characterized by Lahusen as " pretty bland, little cats, insipid human figures." Two women are looking out to the sea in the first picture. Lahusen wanted to make portraits of lesbians.Lahusen said that if you don't dare show your face, it sends a terrible message. By the mid-1960s, Lahusen was able to convince some women to have their faces shown on the cover, including Lili Vincenz, who had been discharged from the military when she was outed, and Ernest. Lahusen remembered that there was a waiting list of women who wanted to be on the cover of the magazine. She wrote in The Ladder under the name <mask>, a name she picked out of the phone book, which made it easier for people to pronounce. Gittings was photographed by Lahusen while he was picketing federal buildings and Independence Hall. She worked in New York City's Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookstore and contributed photographs and articles to a Manhattan newspaper called Gay Newsweekly. Thousands of activists, marches, and events were photographed by her in the 1960s and 1970s while she worked with Gittings in the gay caucus of the American Library Association.Frank and Jack were among the gay activists that became her subjects. Lahusen was involved in activism as well as art. She held "Annual Reminder" pickets in front of Independence Hall in Philadelphia in the 1960s. In 1970, Lahusen was part of the founding of the Gay Activists Alliance, and in 1972 he worked to remove homosexuality from the American Psychological Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. John E. Fryer wore a disguise to protect his reputation when he addressed the APA convention as a gay psychiatrist. Homosexuality was dropped as a diagnosis. Kevin said, "It is impossible to overstate <mask>'s importance in the struggle for LGBT rights and dignity."Lahusen was involved in real estate and placed ads in gay papers. She arranged for agents to march in the New York City Pride March. Her photographs were used in exhibits at the William Way LGBT Community Center in Philadelphia. The papers and writings of Lahusen and Gittings were donated to the New York Public Library in 2007. <mask> and Gittings were together for 46 years when Gittings died of breast cancer. When Gittings' illness put the plans on hold, Lahusen was working on photographing the history of the gay rights movement. In 2015, she collaborated with Tracy Baim who wrote a biography of Gittings called Barbara Gittings, gay pioneer, illustrated with Lahusen's photographs.Soon after the Supreme Court ruling that legalized same-sex marriage, Lahusen appeared on the podium at a Philadelphia event celebrating the history and future of gay rights. She and Diana Davies published Love and Resistance: Out of the Closet into the Stonewall Era. The collection was described as "priceless pictures of LGBTQ pioneers". Prior to her death, Lahusen resided in an assisted living facility. She died at Chester County Hospital in Pennsylvania after a brief illness. She passed away at the age of 91. The Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C. has a plot of land next to the burial place of Gittings allotted to Lahusen.The stone bench engraved with the motto "Gay is good" will hold the ashes of both of them. There is a historical marker at 21st and Locust Streets in Philadelphia, near the apartment Gittings and Lahusen shared in the 1960s. Two episodes of Making Gay History feature Lahusen and Gittings, as well as a bonus episode about Lahusen's monthly dinner meetings with other gay people. Barbara Gittings and <mask> Lahusen have Gay History Papers and Photographs.

masks:
Katherine Lahusen
Katherine Lahusen
Kay Tobin
Kay
Lahusen
Kay Tobin


texts: <mask> was a historian, philosopher, structuralist literary critic, sociologist and essayist. The author of many books and essays had a significant influence on anthropology, sociology, semiotics, literary theory, intellectual history and culture theory. <mask> was born in March 1939. He received an M.A. In 1963, there was a degree in philology at the University of Sofia. He did his doctorat de troisime cycle at the University of Paris in 1966 and 1970. In 1968 <mask> was appointed as a director of research at the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.He was one of the managing editors of the journal Poétique until 1979. The collection of books on literary theory was edited by Gérard Genette. He taught at Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and the University of California, Berkeley. The Poetics of Prose is one of the books that <mask> published. The conquest of The Americas and the German Nazi concentration camps have been the focus of <mask>'s historical interests. <mask>'s definition of the Fantastic, the fantastic uncanny, and the fantastic marvelous was his greatest contribution to literary theory. The fantastic is an event that seems to be supernatural.We must decide if the event is real or an illusion after it happens. Le Diable amoureux is an example of a fantastic event that <mask> uses. He must decide if the woman he is in love with is a woman or a devil. Todorov says that we enter into the genres of marvelous and uncanny when we choose whether the event was real or imaginary. The event that occurs is an illusion. The rational explanation for the fantastic event is provided by the "laws of reality". Examples of dreams, drugs, and illusions are given by Todorov.There are things that could explain a fantastic event. The "laws of reality" have to be changed because the supernatural event that occurs has actually taken place. If the implied reader can't decide between one or the other, the text is fantastic. Studies of philosophy have also been published by <mask>. Frail Happiness was written about the writings of Jean- Jacques Rousseau. He looks at Rousseau's ideas of attaining human happiness and how we can live in modern times. In Facing the Extreme, <mask> asks if it is true that in extreme situations all moral life is lost as men become beasts locked in a merciless struggle for survival.That opinion is common in accounts of the camps and also in accounts of survivors themselves. According to <mask>, camp life is a constant war of everyone against everyone. All dignity and conscience had to be sacrificed in order to survive. The reports from survivors are similar. In his reading of actual survivor testimonies, <mask> says that there are many examples of inmates helping each other and showing compassion in human relationships despite the inhumane conditions and terror. People who have survived say that survival always depended on the help of others. He concludes that life in the camps did not follow the law of the jungle and that there are many counter-examples in Levi's work.The Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences is one of the honors <mask> has. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences was given to him. The International Society for the Study of Narrative awarded him the Wayne C. Booth Award for lifetime achievement in narrative studies. <mask> <mask> was born in the family of Todor Borov, a famous linguist and intellectualist from the early 20th century. <mask> is a theoretical physicist. <mask> had two marriages.His first wife was the scholar Martine van Woerkens, and his second was Nancy Huston, with whom he had two children. He died at the age of 77. He is survived by a son, Boris, from the first marriage, and a daughter, Léa, and a son, Sacha, from the second marriage. The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre was translated by Richard Howard in 1973. Theories of the Symbol was translated by Catherine Porter in 1982. The Inner Enemies of Democracy was translated by Andrew Brown. Polity Press is located in Cambridge, UK and Malden, MA. The Possibility of Hope References External links <mask> <mask> on the Enlightenment Today and The Tzvetan Todorov Book Interview.French philosophers, French literary theorists, French historians, and French semioticians all died in the spring of 1939.

masks:
Tzvetan Todorov
Tzvetan Todorov
Career Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Tzvetan
Todorov
Ivan Todorov
Todorov
Tzvetan
Todorov


texts: Between 1614 and 1654 Sir <mask> was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons. The outbreak of the English Civil War joined the Parliamentary cause when he was secretary of state for King Charles. Francis Fane was the 1st Earl of Westmorland. <mask> was the oldest son of <mask> or Fane of Hadlow, Kent, by his second wife, Margaret, daughter of Roger Twysden of East Peckham, Kent. He was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1606 after graduating from Brasenose College in 1604. James I knighted him on March 3, 1611. He married the daughter of Thomas Darcy at the age of twenty-three.After his marriage, Vane wrote in an autobiographical sketch, "I put myself into court, and bought a carver's place by means of the friendship of Sir Thomas Overbury, which cost me £5,000." He devoted a portion of his wife's money to buying from Sir Edward Gorges a third part of the subpoena office, and later ingratiated himself with the king, who gave him the whole office for forty years. After Charles became king, Sir David Foulis sold him the post of cofferer and he continued to hold it. In 1629 he became the Comptroller of the Household. He was made the household's treasurer in September of 1639 <mask>'s career at court was interrupted by a quarrel with Buckingham, but he made his peace with Buckingham, and after Buckingham's death was in favour with Lord-treasurer Weston. Vane was elected Member of Parliament in 1614.He was re-elected in 1625 and 1626, and was elected in 1621 again. The debates of the House of Commons of England were not important to him. In February and September of 1629 and 1630, King Charles sent Vane to Holland in order to negotiate a peace between the United Provinces and Spain. Vane was sent to Germany to negotiate with Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. Gustavus rejected the proposed alliance because King Charles only offered the king of Sweden £10,000 per month. Vane's negotiations were hampered by a personal dispute with Gustavus, but he gave great satisfaction to his master. In a letter to Vane, Cottington said that he had saved his majesty's money and honor.Sir Tobie <mask> wrote a letter to Vane about the same time, and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals <mask> was described by Clarendon as a man of ordinary parts by nature, and he had not cultivated them at all by art. He still made himself into some employment despite being of a stirring and boisterous disposition. For the office of controller and similar court offices, Vane was very fit, and if he had never taken other preferment, he might have continued a good subject, for he had no inclination to change, and in the judgment he had liked the government both of church and state. In 1640, Vane was the owner of lands worth thousands of dollars a year. He sold his ancestral estate of Hadlow and bought a place called Fairlawne in Kent. He bought the seignories of Raby, Barnard Castle, and LongNewton in the county of Durham.<mask>'s political importance began in 1630 when he became a member of the council. He was described in a letter to the Queen of Bohemia as a member of the cabinet. He was appointed as a commissioner of the admiralty on November 20, 1632. He entertained the king at Raby. In 1635 he was given the control of all forests and chases within the confines of Barnard Castle. Between 1630 and 1640, <mask> was employed on different administrative commissions after he was appointed one of the commissioners for the colonies. He was one of the peace party in the committee that dealt with Scottish affairs when the unrest began.The king appointed <mask> secretary of state in place of Sir John Coke. The open and visible power of the Queen and the dark contrivance of the Marquis of Hamilton made this possible. The relationship between <mask> and Lord Hamilton dated back to <mask>'s mission to Germany, and increased during the first Scottish war, when Vane was the middleman between Hamilton and the king. The mismanagement of the war against the Scots, as well as differences as to the policy to be pursued towards them in the future, caused a breach as Vane had been for some time on apparently friendly terms with Strafford. It became permanent when Baron Raby was chosen as his second title, and an honour he made, too. Clarendon believes that this was an act of unnecessary provocation on the part of the man and that he lost his head. In April 1640, <mask> was elected to the Parliament.He was told to demand supplies from the commons at the first meeting. He told the house that his master would not be satisfied with less than twelve subsidies in return for surrendering ship-money. The parliament was dissolved on 5 May after the debate showed that the king's demand wouldn't be accepted. Clarendon accuses Vane of misrepresenting the temper of parliament to the king in order to bring all into confusion. There was a rumour that Vane brought about the dissolution to save himself from prosecution. Clarendon didn't mention the dispute about the military charges and the intended vote against the Scottish war which complicated the question at issue, but Vane was acting by the king's instructions. Vane was still employed by the king as a secretary.During the second Scottish war, Vane was with the king, and his letters show that he was full of confidence even after the Battle of Newburn. Vane was an assistant in the debates of the great council and in the negotiations with the Scots. He escaped an attack when he was re-elected for the Long Parliament. He owed it to his son's connection with the opposition leaders that he had not been concerned with the most obnoxious acts of the government. Vane's evidence as to the words used by him in the meeting of the council was of paramount importance. He told the king that he could use the army in Ireland to reduce the kingdom. Vane refused to explain the meaning of the word "this kingdom" in the theory of the prosecution.Vane persisted in his statement, relying on the notes of the discussion which he had taken at the time. The secretary's evidence was confirmed when John Pym produced a copy of the notes which he had obtained from the younger Vane. Vane cursed his son and refused further explanations. Clarendon believes that Vane's anger is a comedy played to deceive the public. There is no evidence to support the theory that Vane was the secret assistant of the prosecution. The King Vane thought that the attainder would reconcile the king and people. He said "god send us a happy end of our troubles and a good peace" after the bill was passed.He didn't see that it ended his chances of remaining in the king's service, as it took a long time to find a suitable successor. He was one of the five commissioners when William Juxon resigned. As no successor to Francis Windebank had yet been appointed, Vane was charged to correspond with the clerk of the council. His letters are printed in the Nicholas Papers. He was confident that he should keep both the secretaryship and the treasurer's post, even though he had already been promised it by Thomas. Vane was dismissed from the secretaryship and all other posts after Charles returned to London. The king was convinced of Vane's treachery and remarked that he had "the very ill luck to be neither loved nor pitied of any man."<mask> joined the opposition. The committee of thirty-two for Irish affairs should have <mask>'s name added to it. The militia bill was drawn up two months later and parliament nominated <mask> as lord lieutenant of Durham. When the civil war broke out, Durham, which was predominantly royalist in feeling, fell under the control of the Royalists, and Vane exercised no real authority there until after its reconquest at the end of 1644. The charge of causing the loss of Durham by negligent and treachery was not believed by parliament. <mask> was a member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms. In April 1645 he was employed by the Scottish auxiliary army.The parliament asked the king to make <mask> a baron, and his favour with the parliament is shown by the ordinances for the payment of his losses during the war. Raby became a parliamentary garrison after being occupied by the Royalists three times. Vane says, "In my losses, plunderings, rents, and destructions of timber in my woods, I have been damnified to the amount of $17,000 at least". The proposal to appoint Vane to the English Council of State in February 1650 was rejected by the house. He was an elected member of the First Protectorate Parliament. Vane died around May 1655. According to royalists, he committed suicide because of his remorse for his part in the death.His widow, lady Vane, died at the age of 72 and was buried at Shipbourne, Kent. The portraits of Vane and his wife were painted by Van Dyck. One of the most significant leaders of the Long Parliament was Sir <mask>, Vane's oldest son, who was a Puritan, sixth colonial governor of Massachusetts, Secretary of the Navy, and President of the Committee on Safety. George, the second son, was knighted on November 22, 1640 He was the parliamentary High Sheriff of Durham in 1645, and the committee's treasurer. The calendar of domestic state papers contains many of his letters to his father. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Lionel Maddison of Rogerly, Durham, and was buried on 1 May 1679.On 17 March 1637, Charles, the fourth son, graduated from Oxford's Magdalen College. On January 16, 1650, the parliament appointed him agent of the Commonwealth at Lisbon, and he was obliged to leave and take refuge on board the Blake's fleet. William and Walter were in the Dutch service. A large number of letters from Walter to friends in England are printed in the 'Thurloe Papers.' Walter, who was knighted, seems to have been royalist in his sympathies, and a large number of letters from Walter to friends in England are printed in the 'Thurloe Papers He was employed as an envoy by Charles II. In 1667, <mask> was appointed colonel of the English service and in 1668, he was appointed colonel of the Holland regiment. He was killed at the Battle of Seneffe in August 1674 and was buried in the Netherlands.Margaret, Anne, and Elizabeth were the daughters of Vane. In the alternate history 1632 Series, Vane appears in a short story. In a book that is sent back in time, King Charles reads about his future execution. After fleeing England, Vane ends up serving in a government-in-exile with Stafford. Even though the circumstances leading to their original enmity have not yet happened, Vane still adopts the same attitude toward Stafford. External links 1589 births 1655 deaths Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford Members of Gray's Inn Secretaries of State of the Kingdom of England.

masks:
Henry Vane
Vane
Henry Vane
Vane
Matthew
Vane
Vane
Vane
Vane
Vane
Vane
Vane
Vane
Vane
Vane
Vane
Vane
Henry
Vane