A floating environment (table, figure, ...) cannot put into an \hbox or \scalebox that internally uses \hbox. However the environment can be redefined locally:

\scalebox{0.5}{%
    \renewenvironment{table}[1][]{\ignorespaces}{\unskip}%
    \input{DS}%
    \unskip
}


\ignorespaces and \unskip remove spaces by line ends in the file DS.tex that does matter in horizontal mode. An alternative is using \endlinechar=-1\relax, but this depends on the contents of the tabular environment, because some line ends might not be unwanted (e.g. space between words).

The floating environment can be inserted afterwards, e.g.:

\begin{table}
  \centering
  \caption{Table caption}
  \scalebox{...}{...}
\end{table}


Resize a table imported from another TeX file
The question was asked about pressure vs. Volume increasing in an ideal gas as temperature is increased. My question then is this. What is the formula to determine how much volume and pressure will increase as temperature is increased?

Let me frame the question this way. PV/T=P2V2/T2 this formula works for a controlled system where more than one of these values can be maintained. If we apply a known amount of heat, say n, to the atmosphere, what formula would be used to calculate volume and pressure as the temperature is increased?
