Try exchanging your files like so:

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, getcwd().'ipm.pem');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSLCERT, getcwd().'ipm.crt');


I suspect you have them the wrong way round.

cURL is unable to use client certificate , in local server
It was suggesting to use explicit template instantiation to reduce compilation time. I am wondering how to do it. For example

// a.h
template&lt;typename T&gt; class A {...};
template class A&lt;int&gt;; // explicit template instantiation  to reduce compilation time


But in every translation unit that a.h is included, it seems A&lt;int&gt; will be compiled. The compilation time is not reduced. How to use the explicit template instantiation  to reduce compilation time?
