name: Nuclear Fuel Waste Act
unofficial_text: # Nuclear Fuel Waste Act
  
  SC 2002, c 23
  
  An Act respecting the long-term management of nuclear fuel waste
  
  Assented to 2002-6-13
  
  Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows: 
  
  ## Short Title 
  
  ### Short title
  
  1 This Act may be cited as the Nuclear Fuel Waste Act.  
  
  ## Interpretation 
  
  ### Definitions
  
  2 The following definitions apply in this Act.  
  *economic region* means an economic region described by Statistics Canada in its Guide to the Labour Force Survey, published on January 31, 2000. (région économique)   
  *management*, in relation to nuclear fuel waste, means long-term management by means of storage or disposal, including handling, treatment, conditioning or transport for the purpose of storage or disposal. (gestion)   
  *Minister* means the Minister of Natural Resources or such member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada as the Governor in Council may designate as the Minister for the purposes of this Act. (ministre)   
  *nuclear energy corporation* means  
  (a) Ontario Power Generation Inc., Hydro-Québec, New Brunswick Power Corporation, and any other body that owns nuclear fuel waste resulting from the production of electricity by means of a commercial nuclear reactor; 
  (b) any successor or assignee of a corporation mentioned in paragraph (a); and 
  (c) any assignee of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, being the company incorporated or acquired pursuant to subsection 10(2) of the Atomic Energy Control Act, chapter A-19 of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1970. (sociétés d’énergie nucléaire)   
  *nuclear fuel waste* means irradiated fuel bundles removed from a commercial or research nuclear fission reactor. (déchets nucléaires)   
  *prime rate* means, for any day, the rate of interest charged by banks to their most credit-worthy borrowers for short-term business loans, as determined and published by the Bank of Canada for the month in which the day falls. (taux de base)   
  *waste management organization* means the corporation established under section 6, regardless of the actual name of that corporation. (société de gestion)  
  
  ## Purpose of Act 
  
  ### Comprehensive, integrated and economically sound approach
  
  3 The purpose of this Act is to provide a framework to enable the Governor in Council to make, from the proposals of the waste management organization, a decision on the management of nuclear fuel waste that is based on a comprehensive, integrated and economically sound approach for Canada. 
  
  ## Application of Act 
  
  ### Binding on Her Majesty
  
  4 This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province. 
  
  ### Application to nuclear energy corporations and AECL
  
  5 This Act applies to a nuclear energy corporation and to Atomic Energy of Canada Limited only if it is the owner of nuclear fuel waste. 
  
  ## Waste Management Organization 
  
  ### Incorporation and purpose
  
  6 (1) The nuclear energy corporations shall establish a corporation, in this Act referred to as the waste management organization, whose purpose under this Act is to do the following on a non-profit basis: 
  (a) propose to the Government of Canada approaches for the management of nuclear fuel waste; and 
  (b) implement the approach that is selected under section 15 or is approved under subsection 20(5). 
  
  ### Participation in waste management organization
  
  (2) Once the waste management organization has been established, every nuclear energy corporation shall become and remain a member or shareholder of it. 
  
  ### Not an agent of Her Majesty
  
  (3) For all purposes the waste management organization is not an agent of Her Majesty in right of Canada. 
  
  ### Duty toward other owners of nuclear fuel waste
  
  7 The waste management organization shall offer, without discrimination and at a fee that is reasonable in relation to its costs of managing the nuclear fuel waste of its members or shareholders, to 
  (a) Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, and 
  (b) all owners of nuclear fuel waste produced in Canada that are neither members nor shareholders of the waste management organization its nuclear fuel waste management services that are set out in the approach that the Governor in Council selects under section 15 or approves under subsection 20(5). 
  
  ### Advisory Council
  
  8 (1) The waste management organization shall create an Advisory Council, which shall 
  (a) examine the study referred to in subsection 12(1) and the triennial reports referred to in section 18 that are to be submitted to the Minister; and 
  (b) give written comments on that study and those reports to the waste management organization. 
  
  ### Representation on Advisory Council
  
  (2) The members of the Advisory Council shall be appointed by the governing body of the waste management organization. The governing body shall make all reasonable efforts to ensure that the Advisory Council’s membership 
  (a) reflects a broad range of scientific and technical disciplines related to the management of nuclear fuel waste; 
  (b) reflects expertise, in matters of nuclear energy, 
  (i) in public affairs, and 
  (ii) as needed, in other social sciences; 
  (b.1) reflects expertise in traditional aboriginal knowledge; and 
  (c) includes representatives nominated by local and regional governments and aboriginal organizations that are affected because their economic region is specified for the approach that the Governor in Council selects under section 15 or approves under subsection 20(5). 
  
  ## Financing 
  
  ### Trust funds
  
  9 (1) Each nuclear energy corporation and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited shall maintain in Canada, either individually or jointly with one or more of the other nuclear energy corporations or Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, one trust fund with a financial institution incorporated or formed by or under an Act of Parliament or of the legislature of a province, except, in the case of a nuclear energy corporation, a financial institution in relation to which the nuclear energy corporation beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, more than ten per cent of the outstanding shares of any given class of shares. 
  
  ### Documents relating to trust funds
  
  (2) The financial institution that holds a trust fund referred to in this section shall maintain in Canada all documents relating to that trust fund. 
  
  ### Initial deposit to trust funds
  
  10 (1) Each body mentioned in this subsection shall, either directly or through a third party, no later than 10 days after the day on which this Act comes into force, deposit to its trust fund maintained under subsection 9(1) the following respective amounts: 
  (a) Ontario Power Generation Inc., $500,000,000; 
  (b) Hydro-Québec, $20,000,000; 
  (c) New Brunswick Power Corporation, $20,000,000; and 
  (d) Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, $10,000,000. 
  
  ### Subsequent deposits to trust funds
  
  (2) Each body mentioned in this subsection shall in each year, either directly or through a third party, no later than the anniversary of the day on which this Act comes into force, deposit to its trust fund maintained under subsection 9(1) the following respective amounts: 
  (a) Ontario Power Generation Inc., $100,000,000; 
  (b) Hydro-Québec, $4,000,000; 
  (c) New Brunswick Power Corporation, $4,000,000; and 
  (d) Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, $2,000,000. 
  
  ### When obligation ceases to apply
  
  (3) Subsection (2) ceases to apply on the day on which the Minister approves the amount of the deposit under paragraph 16(3)(a). 
  
  ### Calculation of interest
  
  (4) Interest accumulates on any portion of a deposit not paid by the day referred to in subsection (1) or (2), at the prime rate plus two per cent, calculated daily from the day referred to in subsection (1) or (2), as the case may be, to the day before the day of the deposit. 
  
  ### Latest date for deposit
  
  (5) Each body mentioned in subsection (1) or (2) shall, either directly or through a third party, deposit to its trust fund maintained under subsection 9(1), no later than 30 days after the date of the decision of the Governor in Council under section 15, the applicable amount referred to in subsection (1) or (2) plus an amount, if any, equal to the interest. 
  
  ### Withdrawals from trust funds
  
  11 (1) Only the waste management organization may withdraw moneys from a trust fund maintained under subsection 9(1). 
  
  ### Condition for withdrawals
  
  (2) The waste management organization may make withdrawals only for the purpose of implementing the approach that the Governor in Council selects under section 15 or approves under subsection 20(5), including avoiding or minimizing significant socio-economic effects on a community’s way of life or on its social, cultural or economic aspirations. 
  
  ### First withdrawal
  
  (3) The waste management organization may make the first withdrawal only for an activity in respect of which a construction or operating licence has, after the date of the decision of the Governor in Council under section 15, been issued under section 24 of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act.  
  
  ### Ministerial approval
  
  (4) If the Minister is of the view that the waste management organization has withdrawn moneys from a trust fund contrary to subsection (2) or (3), the Minister may require the Minister’s prior approval in respect of any future withdrawal from a trust fund by the waste management organization. 
  
  ## Study by Waste Management Organization 
  
  ### Study within three years
  
  12 (1) Within three years after the coming into force of this Act, the waste management organization shall submit to the Minister a study setting out 
  (a) its proposed approaches for the management of nuclear fuel waste, along with the comments of the Advisory Council on those approaches; and 
  (b) its recommendation as to which of its proposed approaches should be adopted. 
  
  ### Methods to manage nuclear fuel waste
  
  (2) Each of the following methods must be the sole basis of at least one approach: 
  (a) deep geological disposal in the Canadian Shield, based on the concept described by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited in the Environmental Impact Statement on the Concept for Disposal of Canada’s Nuclear Fuel Waste and taking into account the views of the environmental assessment panel set out in the Report of the Nuclear Fuel Waste Management and Disposal Concept Environmental Assessment Panel dated February 1998;  
  (b) storage at nuclear reactor sites; and 
  (c) centralized storage, either above or below ground. 
  
  ### Technical description, region
  
  (3) The study must include a detailed technical description of each proposed approach and must specify an economic region for its implementation. 
  
  ### Comparison of risks, etc.
  
  (4) Each proposed approach must include a comparison of the benefits, risks and costs of that approach with those of the other approaches, taking into account the economic region in which that approach would be implemented, as well as ethical, social and economic considerations associated with that approach. 
  
  ### Services to certain owners of waste
  
  (5) Each proposed approach must include a description of the nuclear fuel waste management services to be offered by the waste management organization under section 7. 
  
  ### Implementation plan
  
  (6) Each proposed approach must include an implementation plan setting out, as a minimum, 
  (a) a description of activities; 
  (b) a timetable for carrying out the approach; 
  (c) the means that the waste management organization plans to use to avoid or minimize significant socio-economic effects on a community’s way of life or on its social, cultural or economic aspirations; and 
  (d) a program for public consultation. 
  
  ### Consultation
  
  (7) The waste management organization shall consult the general public, and in particular aboriginal peoples, on each of the proposed approaches. The study must include a summary of the comments received by the waste management organization as a result of those consultations. 
  
  ### Financial aspects
  
  13 (1) The study must set out, with respect to each proposed approach, a formula to calculate the annual amount required to finance the management of nuclear fuel waste. The report must explain the assumptions behind each term of the formula. The formula must include the following terms: 
  (a) the estimated total cost of management of nuclear fuel waste, which must take into account natural or other events that have a reasonable probability of occurring; 
  (b) the estimated rate of return on the trust funds maintained under subsection 9(1); 
  (c) the life expectancy of the nuclear reactors of each nuclear energy corporation and of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited; and 
  (d) the estimated amounts to be received from owners of nuclear fuel waste, other than nuclear energy corporations and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, in return for services of management of nuclear fuel waste. 
  
  ### Respective percentages
  
  (2) The study must set out, with respect to each proposed approach, the respective percentage of the estimated total cost of management of nuclear fuel waste that is to be paid by each nuclear energy corporation and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, and an explanation of how those respective percentages were determined. 
  
  ### Financial guarantees
  
  (3) The study must set out the form and amount of any financial guarantees for the management of nuclear fuel waste that have been provided by the nuclear energy corporations and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act.  
  
  ### Minister may consult public
  
  14 (1) The Minister may engage in such consultations with the general public on the approaches set out in the study as the Minister considers necessary. 
  
  ### Revision of study
  
  (2) If the Minister is of the opinion that the study fails in a significant way to meet the requirements of sections 12 and 13, the Minister shall direct the waste management organization to revise the relevant portions of it and submit the revised study to the Minister within the period that the Minister specifies. 
  
  ### Decision of Governor in Council
  
  15 The Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister, shall select one of the approaches for the management of nuclear fuel waste from among those set out in the study, and the decision of the Governor in Council shall be published in the Canada Gazette.  
  
  ## Reports by Waste Management Organization 
  
  ### Obligation to submit annual reports
  
  16 (1) The waste management organization shall, within three months after the end of each fiscal year of the organization, submit to the Minister a report of its activities for that fiscal year. 
  
  ### Contents of annual report after section 15 decision
  
  (2) Each annual report after the date of the decision of the Governor in Council under section 15 must include 
  (a) the form and amount of any financial guarantees that have been provided during that fiscal year by the nuclear energy corporations and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act and relate to implementing the approach that the Governor in Council selects under section 15 or approves under subsection 20(5);  
  (b) the updated estimated total cost of the management of nuclear fuel waste; 
  (c) the budget forecast for the next fiscal year; 
  (d) the proposed formula for the next fiscal year to calculate the amount required to finance the management of nuclear fuel waste and an explanation of the assumptions behind each term of the formula; and 
  (e) the amount of the deposit required to be paid during the next fiscal year by each of the nuclear energy corporations and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, and the rationale by which those respective amounts were arrived at. 
  
  ### Minister’s approval of formula and deposits
  
  (3) The formula referred to in paragraph (2)(d) and the amount of each deposit referred to in paragraph (2)(e) are subject to the approval of the Minister when proposed in 
  (a) the first annual report after the date of a decision of the Governor in Council under section 15 or subsection 20(5); and 
  (b) the first annual report after the issuance, under section 24 of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act, of a construction or operating licence for an activity to implement the approach that the Governor in Council selects under section 15 or approves under subsection 20(5).  
  
  ### Grounds for refusing to approve
  
  (4) If the Minister 
  (a) is not satisfied that the formula referred to in paragraph (2)(d) will provide sufficient funds to implement the approach that the Governor in Council selects under section 15 or approves under subsection 20(5), or 
  (b) is not satisfied that the amount of each deposit referred to in paragraph (2)(e) is consistent with the formula referred to in paragraph (2)(d), the Minister shall refuse to give the approval referred to in subsection (3) and shall direct the waste management organization to revise the relevant portions of the annual report and submit the revised annual report to the Minister within 30 days. 
  
  ### Obligation to deposit
  
  17 (1) Each nuclear energy corporation and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited shall, either directly or through a third party, deposit to its trust fund maintained under subsection 9(1) its respective deposit specified in the annual report 
  (a) if the Minister’s approval under subsection 16(3) is not required, within 30 days after the annual report is submitted to the Minister under subsection 16(1); or 
  (b) if the Minister’s approval under subsection 16(3) is required, within 30 days after the date of that approval. 
  
  ### Extension of time
  
  (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Governor in Council may, on request by a nuclear energy corporation made before the expiration of the 30 day period referred to in that subsection, authorize the nuclear energy corporation to defer by one year all or part of its deposit required by that subsection, if the Governor in Council is of the opinion that the public interest requires that that money be used instead to repair the damage caused by an event that is not attributable to the corporation and is extraordinary, unforeseen and irresistible. 
  
  ### Triennial report
  
  18 The annual report of the waste management organization for its third fiscal year after the fiscal year in which a decision is made by the Governor in Council under section 15, and for every third fiscal year after that, in this Act called the “triennial report”, must include 
  (a) a summary of its activities respecting the management of nuclear fuel waste during the last three fiscal years, including an analysis of any significant socio-economic effects of those activities on a community’s way of life or on its social, cultural or economic aspirations; 
  (b) its strategic plan for the next five fiscal years to implement the approach that the Governor in Council selects under section 15 or approves under subsection 20(5); 
  (c) its budget forecast for the next five fiscal years to implement the strategic plan; 
  (d) the results of its public consultations held during the last three fiscal years with respect to the matters set out in paragraphs (a) and (b); and 
  (e) the comments of the Advisory Council on the matters referred to in paragraphs (a) to (d). 
  
  ### Minister’s statement
  
  19 The Minister shall, within 90 days after receiving a report, issue a public statement regarding the report. 
  
  ### Tabling of reports in Parliament
  
  19.1 The Minister shall cause a copy of each report to be laid before each House of Parliament within the first fifteen sitting days of that House after the Minister has received the report. 
  
  ## Change in Approach 
  
  ### New approach — technical difficulty
  
  20 (1) If the waste management organization is unable, for technical reasons beyond its control, to implement the approach that was selected by the Governor in Council under section 15, the waste management organization shall so report in its triennial report and shall, in that report, propose a new approach. 
  
  ### New approach — technical innovation
  
  (2) If a new technological method is developed that has been the subject of a scientific and technical review by experts from international governmental organizations that deal with nuclear matters and has received their support, the waste management organization may propose, in its triennial report, a new approach for the management of nuclear fuel waste that is based on that new method. 
  
  ### Application of other provisions
  
  (3) Subsections 12(3) to (7) and sections 13 and 14 apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require, in respect of an approach proposed under subsection (1) or (2). The approach must be accompanied by the comments of the Advisory Council on that approach. 
  
  ### Submission to Governor in Council
  
  (4) If the Minister is satisfied that the new approach referred to in subsection (1) or (2) is technically and economically feasible in Canada, the Minister shall submit the new approach to the Governor in Council. 
  
  ### Decision of Governor in Council
  
  (5) The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister, approve an approach proposed under subsection (1) or (2), in which case the decision of the Governor in Council shall be published in the Canada Gazette.  
  
  ## Withdrawal by Beneficiary 
  
  ### Withdrawals from trust funds
  
  21 Notwithstanding subsection 11(1), the Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister, authorize a beneficiary of a trust fund to withdraw all or part of the balance in the trust fund if 
  (a) the Governor in Council has approved an approach under subsection 20(5) and the total balance in the trust funds exceeds the estimated total cost of implementing that approach; or 
  (b) the waste management organization has completed the implementation of an approach that the Governor in Council selected under section 15 or approved under subsection 20(5). 
  
  ## Records, Books and Financial Statements 
  
  ### Records and books to be kept
  
  22 (1) The waste management organization, every nuclear energy corporation and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, as well as every financial institution that holds a trust fund, shall keep, at its place of business in Canada, records, books of account and other documents for at least six years after the end of the fiscal year to which they relate, in such form and containing such information as will enable the verification of the accuracy and completeness of the information that is required to be submitted or provided to the Minister under this Act. 
  
  ### False entries, omissions
  
  (2) No person shall make a false entry, or fail to make an entry, in a record, book of account or other document required to be kept under subsection (1). 
  
  ### WMO financial statements
  
  23 (1) The waste management organization shall provide the Minister, within three months after the end of each fiscal year of the organization, with financial statements audited at its own expense by an independent auditor. 
  
  ### Trust fund financial statements
  
  (2) Every financial institution that holds a trust fund shall provide the Minister and the waste management organization, within three months after the end of each fiscal year of the trust fund, with financial statements relating to that trust fund, audited at its own expense by an independent auditor. 
  
  ## Documents To Be Made Public 
  
  ### Documents to be made public
  
  24 The waste management organization shall make available to the public 
  (a) the study, reports and financial statements that it is required to submit to the Minister under this Act, simultaneously with submitting them to the Minister; and 
  (b) financial statements provided to the waste management organization under subsection 23(2), as soon as practicable. 
  
  ## Inspection of Records and Books 
  
  ### Auditors
  
  25 (1) The Minister may designate as an auditor for the purposes of this Act any person that the Minister considers to be qualified. 
  
  ### Powers of auditors
  
  (2) For the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act, an auditor may, during normal business hours, 
  (a) enter any premises of a body referred to in subsection 22(1), after having given reasonable advance notice to the person in charge of the premises; and 
  (b) inspect, make copies of, and take extracts from, any records, books of account and other documents that the auditor believes on reasonable grounds are required by subsection 22(1) to be kept. 
  
  ### Designation to be produced
  
  (3) An auditor shall, if so requested either before or after entering any premises under this section, produce to the person in charge of the premises evidence of the auditor’s designation by the Minister. 
  
  ### Duty to assist auditor
  
  26 (1) Every person shall give all reasonable assistance to an auditor. 
  
  ### Prohibitions
  
  (2) No person shall obstruct or hinder an auditor, or make a false or misleading statement, either orally or in writing, or provide false or misleading information, to an auditor. 
  
  ## Offences and Punishment 
  
  ### Failure to deposit amounts
  
  27 (1) If a nuclear energy corporation or Atomic Energy of Canada Limited fails to comply with subsection 10(5) or section 17, it is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $300,000 for each day on which the offence is committed or is continued. 
  
  ### Court order
  
  (2) If a body is convicted under subsection (1), the court may, in addition to any punishment imposed under that subsection, order the body to deposit to its trust fund, on or before the date fixed by the court, the amount that it failed to deposit as required, plus interest on that amount at the prime rate plus two per cent calculated from the day on which the amount was required to have been deposited. 
  
  ### Failure to comply with court order
  
  (3) If a body fails to comply with an order made under subsection (2), it is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to a fine equal to twenty per cent of the aggregate amount set out in that order. 
  
  ### Failure to submit study
  
  28 (1) If the waste management organization fails to submit the study of its proposed approaches within the period set out in subsection 12(1), it is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $300,000 for each day on which the offence is committed or is continued. 
  
  ### Failure to submit revised study, annual report
  
  (2) If the waste management organization fails to comply with a direction of the Minister made under subsection 14(2), or fails to submit the report of its activities within the period set out in subsection 16(1), it is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $100,000 for each day on which the offence is committed or is continued. 
  
  ### Failure to submit revised annual report
  
  (3) If the waste management organization fails to comply with a direction of the Minister made under subsection 16(4), it is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000 for each day on which the offence is committed or is continued. 
  
  ### Withdrawals, making documents public
  
  (4) If the waste management organization withdraws moneys from a trust fund without the Minister’s approval where that approval is required under subsection 11(4), or fails to comply with section 24, it is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $100,000. 
  
  ### Auditors
  
  (5) Every person who contravenes section 26 is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $100,000. 
  
  ### Other offences
  
  (6) Every person who contravenes any other provision of this Act is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000. 
  
  ### Offence by employee or agent
  
  29 In a prosecution for an offence under this Act, it is sufficient proof of the offence to establish that it was committed by an employee or agent of the accused, whether or not the employee or agent is identified or has been prosecuted for the offence. 
  
  ### Due diligence
  
  30 No person shall be found guilty of an offence under this Act if it is established that the person exercised all due diligence to comply with this Act or to prevent the commission of the offence. 
  
  ### Time limit for prosecution
  
  31 Proceedings in respect of an offence under this Act may be instituted within but not later than two years after the time when the subject matter of the proceedings arose or the Minister became aware of the subject matter of the proceedings. 
  
  ## Coming into Force 
  
  ### Coming into force
  
   * 32  This Act comes into force on a day to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council. 
  * [Note: Act in force November 15, 2002, see SI/2002-139.] 