Romanesque architecture in Germany, Poland, the Czech Lands and Austria is characterised by its massive and modular nature. This is expressed in the Gothic architecture of Central Europe in the huge size of the towers and spires, often projected, but not always completed. The west front generally follows the French formula, but the towers are very much taller and, if complete, are surmounted by enormous openwork spires that are a regional feature. Because of the size of the towers, the section of the façade between them may appear narrow and compressed. The eastern end follows the French form. The distinctive character of the interior of German Gothic cathedrals is their breadth and openness. This is the case even when, as at Cologne, they have been modelled upon a French cathedral. German cathedrals, like the French, tend not to have strongly projecting transepts. There are also many hall churches (Hallenkirchen) without clerestory windows. COUNT 5
QSN1 In Germany, Poland and Austria Romanesque architecture is defined by its massive size and what other design element? ANS1 modular nature QSN2 What design style does Romanesque architecture in Germany, Poland, and Austria normally follow? ANS2 the French formula QSN3 What does the eastern end of German Romanesque cathedrals typically emulate? ANS3 follows the French form QSN4 What is the distinguishing design element in German Gothic cathedrals? ANS4 their breadth and openness QSN5 What are hall churches in German cathedrals known as? ANS5 Hallenkirchen