Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia. COUNT 5
QSN1 The annexation of what two regions resulted in large groups of Muslim refugees coming into the empire? ANS1 the Crimean and Balkan regions QSN2 Muslims representing 200,000 of what group fled to Dobruja? ANS2 Crimean Tartars QSN3 How many refugees fled Russia to the Ottoman Empire from 1783 to 1913? ANS3 3.8 million QSN4 What are the people from the Balkans who emigrated to Turkey called? ANS4 Muhacir QSN5 In what year did the Ottoman Empire end? ANS5 1922