The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex. For example, it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa. This understanding was shared by most of the significant theorists of sexual orientation from the mid nineteenth to early twentieth century, such as Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud, as well as many gender-variant homosexual people themselves. However, this understanding of homosexuality as sexual inversion was disputed at the time, and, through the second half of the twentieth century, gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation. Transgender and cisgender people may be attracted to men, women, or both, although the prevalence of different sexual orientations is quite different in these two populations. An individual homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual person may be masculine, feminine, or androgynous, and in addition, many members and supporters of lesbian and gay communities now see the "gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual" as negative stereotypes. Nevertheless, studies by J. Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker found a majority of the gay men and lesbians sampled reporting various degrees of gender-nonconformity during their childhood years. COUNT 10
QSN1 Early writers linked orientation to what concept? ANS1 the subject's own sex QSN2 What theorists agreed with this concept? ANS2 Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud, QSN3 What two things became to be seen as distinct from one another? ANS3 gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation QSN4 What negative stereotypes have emerged from this understanding? ANS4 gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual QSN5 What did a majority of gay men and women experience in their childhood? ANS5 gender-nonconformity QSN6 What did gender idenity become to be seen as? ANS6 phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation QSN7 What can be considered to be bad stereotypes to gay communities? ANS7 "gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual" QSN8 Who performed the studies that found most homosexual people having different degrees of gender issues? ANS8 Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker QSN9 What was thought of early lesbians and gay men? ANS9 it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa. QSN10 In these studies when was the gender-noncomformity experienced? ANS10 during their childhood years.