UN aerial reconnaissance had difficulty sighting PVA units in daytime, because their march and bivouac discipline minimized aerial detection. The PVA marched "dark-to-dark" (19:00–03:00), and aerial camouflage (concealing soldiers, pack animals, and equipment) was deployed by 05:30. Meanwhile, daylight advance parties scouted for the next bivouac site. During daylight activity or marching, soldiers were to remain motionless if an aircraft appeared, until it flew away; PVA officers were under order to shoot security violators. Such battlefield discipline allowed a three-division army to march the 286 miles (460 km) from An-tung, Manchuria, to the combat zone in some 19 days. Another division night-marched a circuitous mountain route, averaging 18 miles (29 km) daily for 18 days. COUNT 5
QSN1 What made seeing the PVA units difficult during the day? ANS1 their march and bivouac discipline QSN2 What were PVA troops told to do when planes flew by? ANS2 remain motionless QSN3 How many days did it take PVA forces to march 286 miles? ANS3 19 QSN4 What were PVA officers supposed to do if troops disobeyed the security protocol? ANS4 shoot security violators QSN5 When would PVA forces march to minimize the chances of being seen? ANS5 19:00–03:00