The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise and lead their army. He cut off the Roman army from its base by re-establishing Carthaginian naval supremacy. The Romans then again defeated the Carthaginians in naval battle at the Battle of the Aegates Islands and left Carthage with neither a fleet nor sufficient coin to raise one. For a maritime power the loss of their access to the Mediterranean stung financially and psychologically, and the Carthaginians sued for peace. COUNT 5
QSN1 What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome? ANS1 naval battles QSN2 What type of engine was invented by the Romans? ANS2 grappling engine QSN3 Who did the Carthaginians hire to lead their army after several losses against the Romans? ANS3 Xanthippus QSN4 Who claimed victory at the Battle of Aegates Islands? ANS4 The Romans QSN5 Who lost access to the Mediterranean after numerous naval losses? ANS5 the Carthaginians