It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law. COUNT 5
QSN1 What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ? ANS1 lawyers, judges QSN2 What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law? ANS2 civilly-binding force QSN3 What does J.C.B. stand for? ANS3 Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus QSN4 What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.? ANS4 Bachelor of Canon Law QSN5 What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law? ANS5 Juris Canonici Licentiatus