Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple). COUNT 5
QSN1 What does ACE stand for?  ANS1 Arabic Calligraphic Engine QSN2 Who created ACE? ANS2 DecoType QSN3 When was ACE created?  ANS3 1980s QSN4 Who created OpenType? ANS4 Adobe and Microsoft QSN5 Who created Graphite?  ANS5 SIL International