English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority. His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773. Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century. COUNT 10
QSN1 When did English Freemasonry arrive in France? ANS1 the 1720s QSN2 Who were the first English Freemasons in France? ANS2 lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites QSN3 When did Freemasonry begin to spread to continental Europe? ANS3 18th century QSN4 Who formed the Grand Loge de France? ANS4 Duke of Clermont QSN5 Who was the successor to the Duke of Clermont? ANS5 Duke of Orléans QSN6 When did English Freemasonry spread to France? ANS6 the 1720s QSN7 When did Freemasonry spread to most of the Continental Europe? ANS7 the 18th century QSN8 The Grand Loge de France formed under who? ANS8 the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont QSN9 Who was the successor to the Grand Mastership of The Duke of Clermont? ANS9 the Duke of Orléans QSN10 When was the central body of the Grand Orient de France reconstituted? ANS10 1773