The 2nd edition (1787) contained a Refutation of Idealism to distinguish his transcendental idealism from Descartes's Sceptical Idealism and Berkeley's anti-realist strain of Subjective Idealism. The section Paralogisms of Pure Reason is an implicit critique of Descartes' idealism. Kant says that it is not possible to infer the 'I' as an object (Descartes' cogito ergo sum) purely from "the spontaneity of thought". Kant focused on ideas drawn from British philosophers such as Locke, Berkeley and Hume but distinguished his transcendental or critical idealism from previous varieties; COUNT 5
QSN1 What school of thought did Berkeley belong to? ANS1 Subjective Idealism QSN2 What sort of idealist was Descartes? ANS2 Sceptical QSN3 In what section was Descartes criticized? ANS3 Paralogisms of Pure Reason QSN4 In what edition was there a Refutation of Idealism? ANS4 2nd QSN5 When was the second edition published? ANS5 1787