Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents. Aborigines were not allowed to vote and were often confined to reserves and forced into low paid or effectively slave labour. The social position of mixed-race or "half-caste" individuals varied over time. A 1913 report by Sir Baldwin Spencer states that: COUNT 5
QSN1 What was established to control the Indigenous Australians? ANS1 Aboriginal Protection Boards QSN2 What did the Aboriginal Protection Boards control? ANS2 where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents. QSN3 Were Aborigines allowed to vote? ANS3 Aborigines were not allowed to vote QSN4 Who reported how the Aborigines were treated? ANS4 Sir Baldwin Spencer QSN5 What year was his report from? ANS5 1913