Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibacterial antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics affect a wide range of bacteria. Following a 40-year hiatus in discovering new classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibacterial antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and lipiarmycins (such as fidaxomicin). COUNT 9
QSN1 What do anitibiotics mostly target? ANS1 bacterial functions or growth processes QSN2 Which two types of antibiotics target the cell wall? ANS2 penicillins and cephalosporins QSN3 Which type of antibiotic goes after the cell membrane? ANS3 polymyxins QSN4 What 3 types go after protein synthesis? ANS4 (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines QSN5 Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified? ANS5 mechanism of action QSN6 What is another name used for bacterial cell wall? ANS6 penicillins and cephalosporins QSN7 whats another word for cell membrane? ANS7 polymyxins QSN8 How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics was introduced in the late 2000's/ ANS8 four QSN9 What three ways are antibiotics classified? ANS9 mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity