The term "Enlightenment" emerged in English in the later part of the 19th century, with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term 'Lumières' (used first by Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751). From Immanuel Kant's 1784 essay "Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?" ("Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?") the German term became 'Aufklärung' (aufklären = to illuminate; sich aufklären = to clear up). However, scholars have never agreed on a definition of the Enlightenment, or on its chronological or geographical extent. Terms like "les Lumières" (French), "illuminismo" (Italian), "ilustración" (Spanish) and "Aufklärung" (German) referred to partly overlapping movements. Not until the late nineteenth century did English scholars agree they were talking about "the Enlightenment." COUNT 5
QSN1 In what year was the French term Lumieres first used? ANS1 1733 QSN2 What term became the German equivalent to the French term Lumieres? ANS2 Aufklärung QSN3 In what century did the term Enlightenment emerge in English? ANS3 19th QSN4 What is the Italian equivalent to the French term Lumieres? ANS4 illuminismo QSN5 Did the terms, Enlightenment, Lumieres, Aufklarung and illuminismo refer to distinct or overlapping movements? ANS5 overlapping