The main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually divide in less than an hour. Mycobacteria have an outer membrane lipid bilayer. If a Gram stain is performed, MTB either stains very weakly "Gram-positive" or does not retain dye as a result of the high lipid and mycolic acid content of its cell wall. MTB can withstand weak disinfectants and survive in a dry state for weeks. In nature, the bacterium can grow only within the cells of a host organism, but M. tuberculosis can be cultured in the laboratory. COUNT 5
QSN1 The uniqueness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to its high level of what type of molecule? ANS1 lipid QSN2 Is the division rate of the TB bacterium fast or slow relative to other bacteria? ANS2 slow QSN3 In nature, what "helper" does the MTB bacterium require to grow? ANS3 a host organism QSN4 How long is the period between division of MTB cells? ANS4 16 to 20 hours QSN5 How much time does it take most bacteria to divide? ANS5 less than an hour