The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military advance, Lenin and Trotsky were forced to enter into the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ceded massive western Russian territories to the German Empire. After Germany's collapse, a multinational Allied-led army intervened in the Russian Civil War (1917–22). COUNT 3
QSN1 Lenin acknowledged the independence of which countries? ANS1 Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. QSN2 What agreement gave Germany many regions of Russia in the first world war? ANS2 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk QSN3 When did the russian civil war take place? ANS3 1917–22