Prompted by legislation in various countries mandating increased bulb efficiency, new "hybrid" incandescent bulbs have been introduced by Philips. The "Halogena Energy Saver" incandescents can produce about 23 lm/W; about 30 percent more efficient than traditional incandescents, by using a reflective capsule to reflect formerly wasted infrared radiation back to the filament from which it can be re-emitted as visible light. This concept was pioneered by Duro-Test in 1980 with a commercial product that produced 29.8 lm/W. More advanced reflectors based on interference filters or photonic crystals can theoretically result in higher efficiency, up to a limit of about 270 lm/W (40% of the maximum efficacy possible). Laboratory proof-of-concept experiments have produced as much as 45 lm/W, approaching the efficacy of compact fluorescent bulbs. COUNT 5
QSN1 Which company introduced hybrid incandescent bulbs? ANS1 Philips QSN2 How much more efficient are Halogena Energy Saver bulbs compared to incandescents? ANS2 30 percent QSN3 What company first marketed light bulbs using the reflective capsule technique to increase energy efficiency? ANS3 Duro-Test QSN4 What is the theoretical maximum efficiency of reflective capsule bulbs? ANS4 270 lm/W QSN5 What is the maximum efficiency of reflective capsule bulbs as tested in labs? ANS5 45 lm/W