Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart. Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar. Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran. Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten. In August 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman, as well as the first-ever Iranian, to receive the Fields Medal, the highest prize in mathematics. COUNT 5
QSN1 Which Iranian scientist co-invented the first gas laser? ANS1 Ali Javan QSN2 Which Iranian cardiologist developed and invented the first artificial cardiac pump? ANS2 Tofy Mussivand QSN3 In 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first women ever and first Iranian to win what prestigious mathematics award?  ANS3 the Fields Medal QSN4 Which Iranian scientist discovered HbA1c to further treatment and research of diabetes? ANS4 Samuel Rahbar QSN5 When did Ali Javan, an Iranian scientist, co-invent the first gas laser? ANS5 1960