The phase of reflection of electromagnetic waves depends on the polarization of the incident wave. Given the larger refractive index of the ground (typically n=2) compared to air (n=1), the phase of horizontally polarized radiation is reversed upon reflection (a phase shift of  radians or 180°). On the other hand, the vertical component of the wave's electric field is reflected at grazing angles of incidence approximately in phase. These phase shifts apply as well to a ground modelled as a good electrical conductor. COUNT 4
QSN1 What is the refractive index of the ground? ANS1 n=2 QSN2 When is polarized radiation reversed? ANS2 reflection QSN3 What is the refractive index of air? ANS3 n=1 QSN4 Besides a ground, what has these phases apply well to? ANS4 electrical conductor