Muslim sects regarded as heretical, such as the Druze, Ismailis, Alevis, and Alawites, ranked below Jews and Christians. In 1514, Sultan Selim I, nicknamed "the Grim" because of his cruelty, ordered the massacre of 40,000 Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash), whom he considered heretics, reportedly proclaiming that "the killing of one Alevi had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians."[page needed] Selim was also responsible for an unprecedented and rapid expansion of the Ottoman Empire into the Middle East, especially through his conquest of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, which included much of the region. With these conquests, Selim further solidified the Ottoman claim for being an Islamic caliphate, although Ottoman sultans had been claiming the title of caliph since the 14th century starting with Murad I (reigned 1362 to 1389). The caliphate would remain held by Ottoman sultans for the rest of the office's duration, which ended with its abolition on 3 March 1924 by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the exile of the last caliph, Abdülmecid II, to France. COUNT 5
QSN1 The Muslim sect known as the Druze is considered what? ANS1 heretical QSN2 What was Sultan Selim I's nickname? ANS2 the Grim QSN3 In what year did Sultan Selim I order the massacre of 40,000 people whom he considered heretics? ANS3 1514 QSN4 What group did Sultan Selim I consider heretics and subsequently slaughter? ANS4 Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash) QSN5 Under Sultan Selim I the empire swallowed what sultanate in Egypt? ANS5 Mamluk Sultanate