At the end of the 12th century, Europe was divided into a multitude of city states and kingdoms. The area encompassing modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy (excluding Venice and Papal State) was nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire, but local rulers exercised considerable autonomy. France, Denmark, Poland, Hungary, Portugal, Scotland, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, Sicily and Cyprus were independent kingdoms, as was the Angevin Empire, whose Plantagenet kings ruled England and large domains in what was to become modern France. Norway came under the influence of England, while the other Scandinavian countries and Poland were influenced by trading contacts with the Hanseatic League. Angevin kings brought the Gothic tradition from France to Southern Italy, while Lusignan kings introduced French Gothic architecture to Cyprus. COUNT 5
QSN1 At the end of what century was Europe separated into several city states and kingdoms? ANS1 the end of the 12th century QSN2 What was the region covering modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy known as? ANS2 the Holy Roman Empire QSN3 What modern country contains regions in which Plantagenet kings controlled large domains? ANS3 modern France QSN4 Poland was affected by trade connections with what League? ANS4 the Hanseatic League QSN5 What type of kings brought the Gothic style from France to Southern Italy? ANS5 Angevin kings