With French, Belgian and Portuguese activity in the lower Congo River region undermining orderly incursion of tropical Africa, the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was held to regulate the competition between the European powers in what was called the "Scramble for Africa" by defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of territorial claims. The scramble continued into the 1890s, and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan. A joint force of British and Egyptian troops defeated the Mahdist Army in 1896, and rebuffed a French attempted invasion at Fashoda in 1898. Sudan was nominally made an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, but a British colony in reality. COUNT 5
QSN1 Where did France try to invade in 1898? ANS1 Fashoda QSN2 What army did Britain and Egypt defeat together? ANS2 Mahdist QSN3 When did Britain withdraw from Sudan? ANS3 1885 QSN4 What was the period of European empires competing to control Africa called? ANS4 the "Scramble for Africa" QSN5 Where was a conference held in 1884 to regulate European competition for Africa? ANS5 Berlin