A study in 2007 by Mark Long, an economics professor at the University of Washington, demonstrated that the alternatives of affirmative action proved ineffective in restoring minority enrollment in public flagship universities in California, Texas, and Washington. More specifically, apparent rebounds of minority enrollment can be explained by increasing minority enrollment in high schools of those states, and the beneficiaries of class-based (not race) affirmative action would be white students. At the same time, affirmative action itself is both morally and materially costly: 52 percent of white populace (compared to 14 percent of black) thought it should be abolished, implying white distaste of using racial identity, and full-file review is expected to cost the universities an additional $1.5 million to $2 million per year, excluding possible cost of litigation. COUNT 5
QSN1 What area of study did professor Mark Long have a degree in? ANS1 economics QSN2 In which year did Long publish his study? ANS2 2007 QSN3 How were rebounds of minority enrollment explained in Long's report? ANS3 increasing minority enrollment in high schools QSN4 Who would supposedly be the beneficiaries of a class-based style affirmative action? ANS4 white students QSN5 What percentage of the black population thought affirmative action should be abolished? ANS5 14