For the study, the team examined the rhythm of several of Beethoven's compositions and found patterns that Prof. Goldberger says match what they describe as "musical electrocardiograms," like the readout of modern heart rhythm testing equipment. They found them in the Piano Sonata in A-flat major, Opus 110, and the opening of the "Les Adieux" Sonata opus 81a in E-flat major, which Beethoven wrote during Napoleon's attack on Vienna in 1809.  Researchers investigating patterns in Beethoven's music believe the great composer may have suffered from irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, because they can hear what they describe as musical arrhythmias in some of his compositions. But in an article published recently in the journal Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, the authors — a cardiologist, an internal medicine specialist and a musicologist — cite the rhythmic turnabouts in three of the master's compositions to diagnose an irregular heartbeat. This surprising suggestion comes from a team that includes a medical historian, a cardiologist and a musicologist from the University of Michigan (U-M) at Ann Arbor and the University of Washington (UW) School of Medicine in Seattle. The authors note the “distinctive ‘galloping' rhythm” of the Sonata in E flat major's adagio section and hear slow, irregular heartbeats, followed by “racing irregular heartbeats,” in the allegro section that follows. For example, one of the pieces they studied is the "Cavatina" final movement of Beethoven's String Quartet in B-flat Major, Opus 130.
– As Beethoven went deaf, he may have started listening to his heart. In a new study published in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, a cardiologist, an internal medical specialist, and a musicologist point out that three of the German composer's works exhibit "rhythmic shifts and punctuations" that weren't typical of music during his time but that closely resemble various forms of heart arrhythmia. Although the Los Angeles Times notes that Beethoven's heart was found "structurally sound" in an autopsy, no one knows for sure what medical conditions he suffered from. The study analyzed Beethoven's Piano Sonata in E flat major, the String Quartet No. 13 in B flat major, and the Piano Sonata No. 12 in A flat major. In the first sonata, researchers noticed a "distinctive 'galloping' rhythm" in one section, and another section evoking irregular heartbeats both slow and fast; in the string quartet, the "shortness of breath" evoked is like a "short paroxysm of an atrial tachyarrhythmia"; and in the second sonata, a "repetitive run of notes … 'bears some resemblance to rapid tachyarrhythmia.'" In what co-author Zachary Goldberger acknowledges is "entirely speculative," they theorize as Beethoven went deaf, he may have become more "attuned" to his heartbeat, though they admit "similar rhythmic intricacies" are present in other musicians' compositions. "While these musical arrhythmias may simply manifest Beethoven's genius, there is a possibility that in certain pieces his beating heart could literally be at the heart of some of the greatest masterpieces of all time," Goldberger says, per Medical News Today. (A music teacher recreated a Beethoven piece lost for 200 years.)