On Wednesday, Aug. 22, 2018, scientists reported in the journal Nature that they have found the remains of an ancient... (Associated Press) 
 
 BERLIN (AP) — Scientists say they've found the remains of a prehistoric female whose mother was a Neanderthal and whose father belonged to another extinct group of human relatives known as Denisovans. “It’s really great science coupled with a little bit of luck.” 
 
 The team, led by palaeogeneticists Viviane Slon and Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, conducted the genome analysis on a single bone fragment recovered from Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains of Russia. This analysis showed that the specimen’s mitochondrial DNA came from a Neanderthal. By sequencing the sex chromosomes, the researchers also determined that the fragment came from a female, and the thickness of the bone suggested she was at least 13 years old. The fossil could instead have come from a population with roughly an equal mix of Neanderthal and Denisovan ancestry, he said. This raises another interesting question: if Neanderthals and Denisovans mated frequently, why did the two hominin populations remain genetically distinct for several hundred-thousand years? But finding an actual offspring of the two groups — which are more different from each other than any two present-day human groups — seemed like a rare stroke of luck, Paabo said. Most Neanderthal remains have been found across western Eurasia, whereas Denisovans have so far been discovered only in their eponymous Siberian cave. But the new study is the first to identify a first-generation child with Neanderthal and Denisovan parents.
– Scientists say they've found the remains of a prehistoric female whose mother was a Neanderthal and whose father belonged to another extinct group of human relatives known as Denisovans, the AP reports. The 90,000-year-old bone fragment found in southern Siberia marks the first time a direct offspring of these two groups has been discovered, according to a study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. Both groups disappeared by about 40,000 years ago. Neanderthals lived in Europe and Asia, while fossils of Denisovans are known only from the cave where the fragment was found. Past genetic studies have shown interbreeding between the two groups, as well as with our own species, which left a trace in the DNA of today's people. But the new study is the first to identify a first-generation child with Neanderthal and Denisovan parents. "It's fascinating to find direct evidence of this mixing going on," says Svante Paabo, one of the study's lead authors. Paabo says he was surprised by the discovery, given how relatively few remains of our evolutionary relatives have been found around the world. The cave near Mongolia where the bone was found contains some remains attributed to Neanderthals as well as Denisovans. But finding an actual offspring of the two groups—which are more different from each other than any two present-day human groups—seemed like a rare stroke of luck. "The fact that we stumbled across this makes you wonder if the mixing wasn't quite frequent," says Paabo. Click for the full story.