But in private testimony to a grand jury seven months before the 1951 trial, Mrs. Rosenberg’s brother, David Greenglass, never mentioned involvement by his sister in Mr. Rosenberg’s delivery of atomic secrets to Soviet operatives, according to a grand jury transcript released Wednesday. The chief prosecutor, Irving Saypol, used Greenglass’ remarks to implicate Ethel Rosenberg, saying that on the day in question, as “on countless other occasions, [Ethel Rosenberg] sat at that typewriter and struck the keys, blow by blow, against her own country in the interests of the Soviets.” 
 
 Still, other parts of the testimony released Wednesday, if true, indicate that Ethel Rosenberg did indeed know intimate details about her husband’s spying operations and that she was present during a number of key meetings. Asked whether Mrs. Rosenberg, like her husband, had urged him to remain in the Army after World War II so he could continue spying for the Soviets, Mr. Greenglass answered broadly: “I said before, and say it again, honestly, this is a fact: I never spoke to my sister about this at all.” 
 
 The Rosenbergs were convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage — the government claimed they had stolen the secret to the atomic bomb and all but set off the Korean War — and were executed at Sing Sing in 1953. Greenglass told Roberts that he had lied about his sister typing for her husband in order to corroborate testimony his wife, Ruth Greenglass, had given about Ethel Rosenberg typing. The testimony released Wednesday was the result of a court order from May of this year that ordered the release because Greenglass and two others whose testimonies were withheld are now dead. But they maintain that he, much less their mother, did not deserve to be executed and that the government charged her largely as leverage to persuade their father to confess. “It’s not 100 percent proof that the September espionage meeting never took place, but it’s a strong indication that it didn’t,” Robert Meeropol said Wednesday. And she was the mother of my children.” 
 
 Later interviews and reporting have led to a consensus that information about the atomic bomb given to the Soviet Union by Julius Rosenberg and David Greenglass did not, in fact, substantially help it build its own bomb.
– The newly released 1950 grand jury testimony of David Greenglass, who helped cement the executions of his brother-in-law and sister Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, offers new evidence that Ethel was innocent in the most intense spying case of the Cold War. Both Rosenbergs were convicted of conspiring to steal atomic secrets for the Soviet Union in 1951 after Greenglass said he saw Ethel transcribing information he gave the Rosenbergs—gained while serving as an Army machinist at the Manhattan Project HQ—on a typewriter in 1945. Both Rosenbergs were sent to the electric chair in 1953, though Greenglass, who spent almost 10 years in prison as a co-conspirator, later admitted he lied. In the 46-page transcript of testimony given six months before Greenglass implicated Ethel, her brother said he never spoke about the data with Ethel, only with Julius and his own wife, Ruth, reports the Guardian. Greenglass' testimony, ordered released after his death last year and unsealed yesterday, doesn't disprove his later claim, reports the New York Times. He actually noted Ethel was present at key meetings, reports Politico. However, after he described Julius receiving a silver Omega watch from Russian agents and was asked if Ethel ever mentioned commendations, he said, "My sister has never spoken to me about this subject." He said Julius discussed Greenglass staying in the Army to pass on more information, but added, "Honestly, this is a fact: I never spoke to my sister about this at all." "There was never really any solid evidence that she had been involved in any part of espionage," says an author on the subject. "It just confirms this idea that the government was using her, imprisoning her to get at Julius Rosenberg." Some say it was Ruth Greenglass who typed notes for Julius to forward to the Soviets, and her husband lied to protect her.