import math

a,b=list(map(int,input().split()))

print((math.ceil((b-1)/(a-1))))
a,b=list(map(int,input().split()))

print((-(-(b-1)//(a-1))))
import math

a, b = list(map(int, input().split()))
print((math.ceil((b - 1) / (a - 1))))

a, b = list(map(int, input().split()))
print((-(-(b - 1) // (a - 1))))

-import math - -print((math.ceil((b - 1) / (a - 1)))) +print((-(-(b - 1) // (a - 1))))