A, B = list(map(int, input().split()))



if B == 1:

    print((0))

    exit()



count = 1

remain = B - A

while True:

    if remain <= 0:

        print(count)

        break

    count += 1

    remain -= (A - 1)

A, B = list(map(int, input().split()))



if B == 1:

    print((0))

    exit()



count = 1

remain = B - A

while remain > 0:

    count += 1

    remain -= (A - 1)



print(count)

A, B = list(map(int, input().split()))
if B == 1:
    print((0))
    exit()
count = 1
remain = B - A
while True:
    if remain <= 0:
        print(count)
        break
    count += 1
    remain -= A - 1

A, B = list(map(int, input().split()))
if B == 1:
    print((0))
    exit()
count = 1
remain = B - A
while remain > 0:
    count += 1
    remain -= A - 1
print(count)

-while True: -    if remain <= 0: -        print(count) -        break +while remain > 0: +print(count)