a,b = list(map(int,input().split()))

ans = 1

count = 0

while ans < b:

    ans = (ans-1)+a

    count += 1

print(count)
a,b = list(map(int,input().split()))

ans = 1

count = 0

while ans<b:

    ans += (a-1)

    count += 1

print(count)
a, b = list(map(int, input().split()))
ans = 1
count = 0
while ans < b:
    ans = (ans - 1) + a
    count += 1
print(count)

a, b = list(map(int, input().split()))
ans = 1
count = 0
while ans < b:
    ans += a - 1
    count += 1
print(count)

-    ans = (ans - 1) + a +    ans += a - 1