a,b = list(map(int,input().split()))

ans = 0

tap = 1



while tap < b:

  tap += a-1

  ans += 1

  

print(ans)
a,b = list(map(int,input().split()))

ans = 0

tap = 1

while tap < b:

  ans += 1

  tap += a-1

print(ans)
a, b = list(map(int, input().split()))
ans = 0
tap = 1
while tap < b:
    tap += a - 1
    ans += 1
print(ans)

a, b = list(map(int, input().split()))
ans = 0
tap = 1
while tap < b:
    ans += 1
    tap += a - 1
print(ans)

+    ans += 1 -    ans += 1