import math 

a,b=list(map(int,input().split()))

print((math.ceil((b-1)/(a-1))))

a,b=list(map(int,input().split()))

ans,num=0,1

while num<b:

    num-=1

    num+=a

    ans+=1

print(ans)
import math

a, b = list(map(int, input().split()))
print((math.ceil((b - 1) / (a - 1))))

a, b = list(map(int, input().split()))
ans, num = 0, 1
while num < b:
    num -= 1
    num += a
    ans += 1
print(ans)

-import math - -print((math.ceil((b - 1) / (a - 1)))) +ans, num = 0, 1 +while num < b: +    num -= 1 +    num += a +    ans += 1 +print(ans)