most advanced software rather than consider drivers monolithically, we can partiengineering tools available today apply only to user-mode code, tion them as a high-performance component that handles the data anddebuggingkernelcode often requires remotedebuggingona pathandalow-performance component that handlesthe control second machine.Alargesteptoward addressingthisproblemisto path.Onlythe performance critical data-pathcodeneedruninthe movedriversoutofthekernel[8,11,20,25,37].


Again, there is no (Ants large di.erence in the performance of (Aprev) and ) for BRUSS2D.

the impact of warm-up steps is only small.


Unlike other nodes used in our experiment, Madrid s is currently part of our commercial deployment with a load largely induced by a TV broadcaster.

asexpectedit exhibitsaperiodicdiurnal behavior, allowing ustouseitforamorefaithful evaluation.


Since service engineering has not reached a high level of maturity, both industry and academia are working on the development process for service oriented systems.

the role of process decisions that are generated in methodologies and life cycle models for service engineering becomes increasingly important.


The superblock scheme does not have such a problem, since several adjacent logical blocks in a superblock always share a U-block.

we can see that the proposed superblock scheme is a more e.ective and more robust way of exploiting the block-level spatial locality.


Being a dynamic language, Ruby o.ers no type support to detect program errors before being executed.

the product line model is used to guard against invalid feature combinations for which the resulting functionality could produce runtime errors.


Bank-Level Partition Mechanism (BPM) 3.1 Overview of BPM The key idea of BPM is that OS memory management system uses a page-coloring mechanism to partition banks into several groups and maps each thread (process) to a specific bank group.

memory controllers can passively schedule memory requests in a thread-cluster (or core-cluster) way, i.e., scheduling one thread s memory requests to pre-specific banks.


The ASD method required a learning curve because it was new to the development team.

time, investments and experience were required before developers became skilled in the technology.


This may be the case, for example, for page faults in a shared-memory multiproces- sor environment.

we limit the number of instructions that the processor executes in non-Cherry mode before returning to Cherry mode.


In AO setting we address the test purpose in terms of aspects and aspect related properties.

the test casesfor a test purpose should be derived from the aspect model(s) of concern abstracting from the rest of SUT specification.


To help the tester managing the .rst class of problems (P4.2.a), we create a correspondence between the Inputs (and Outputs) we can observe in the source code and the LTS actions.

we classify the LTS alphabet in Input, Output and Internal Labels, with the following semantics: if the component C1 receives a message labeled by L Input, (it means that) C1 receives an input from the system, computes the value and issues a message to some other components; when L is an Output label, the component produces an Output; if the action is labeled as an Internal one, the system performs internal operations (e.g., forwarding messages between components).


The directed edges indicate services that can achieve a transformation from the parameter in the source node to that in the destination node.

by generating the shortest path from the node matching the input parameter pin of the requested service in vi .


We claim, that this approach can improve developers modeling e.ciency.

we assessed our approach based on a catalog of common modeling activities for structural UML models and found that e.ort for conducting de.ned modeling activities can be reduced signi.cantly.


This disparity hinders the realization of pervasive, seamless access, but imposing uniformity on this diversity would sti.e experimentation and innovation ultimately leading to inferior results.

we suggest planning for, and even encouraging, heterogeneity by adopting software infrastructures that dynamically integrate multiple protocols within one client1.


3.1 References in Java Class Files Our tables of incompatible changes present the conditions under which classes should be recompiled in a technically precise form.

we use some special terms, .rst introduced in the speci.cation of binary class format in JVMS, plus our own terms direct and indirect references from one binary Java class to another.


Error detection involves checking the state of a program against a certain predicate when its control .ow graph reaches a certain node, at runtime [7].

in many cases, error detection code is very strongly coupled with the code that implements a system s normal behavior.


At every inter- mediate hit the gt_counter is copied over to the It_register so at any point in time the It_register trails the gLcounter by one ac- cess.

when a generation ends, the value of the It_register is the time from the start of the generation to the last access, i.e., the live time.


w1 ' = out(W, S,w(x)) · end(R) · loc(W, ok) w2 ' = out(R, S,r(x)) · end(W) However, since any instance may terminate only when it may do so in both S1 and S2, the acceptance sets corresponding to these other possibilities will be the same as T[S1](w1) N T[S2 ](w2),so we do not show them here.


Therefore, we designed a new gossip protocol, which exploits the fact that we have full presence information.

we can disseminate the slot information according to a directed graph overlay of the worker node network.


The unit of spatialization is an RTP packet containing 20 ms of sound data.

the interval ofspatialization is 20 ms, and ti ti 1 is 20 ms on average, but there isfluctuation because the packet arrival time varies.


Mutual exclusion ensure that critical region is being access or enter by a single process and makes other processes wait or busy who want to access or enter that same critical region while one process is already in that critical region.

mutual exclusion requires some communication between processes to avoid race condition.


For this student, accessing the memory, manipulating bits, and in general doing low level operations, are the most fundamental aspects of programming.

knowing how to program means knowing to use these operations.


CONCLUSIONS Even though good performance can be achieved with the defaultparameterpair for thenumberof computeunitsand the number of processing elements per compute unit [15], it is shown in this work that the automated optimization framework scheduled for ViennaCL 1.1.0 leads to signi.cantly improved execution performance ranging from a few percent to up to a factor of seven on a low-end GPU.

even though ViennaCL is designed to be a general purpose linear algebra library, it now automatically adopts to the available targethardwaretoobtain thebestpossibleperformance for a bearable tuning time frame.


Even if all parameters such as the complete communication structure and all relative timings are known, modeling the interactions analytically is challenging.

we choose to use discrete event simulation to assess the overheads of uCR for real applications via their message traces.


Part of exploration is making mistakes and learning from them.

errors should be seen in a positive light and as a mechanism for the user to gain insight into her process, by providing feedback on the status of the design.


5.3.2 Resource mobility When a resource being used in a composition is mobile, or is no longer available due to resource restrictions, we need to identify an alternative service to ful.ll the part that was being played by the missing service.

when a resource either moves or is no longer available, all the services that were available through that particular device become unavailable.


However, in order for a certain inconsistency resolution to be applicable, some model elements typically need to be present or in a particular con.guration.

this is also checked in the condition of the rule, after checking the occurrence of the inconsistency.


These include the modeling of nonfunctional requirements affecting the RA architecture, customization constraints regarding product deployment, as well as means to provide inner integrations with wrapped products.

based on the modular structure of C3A, its evaluation and evolution process, and the ability to adapt its lean C3A artifacts, the teams can effectively implement an agile architecture without being derailed by changing strategic needs.


As kernel rootkits subvert the kernel, we can no longer trust the kernel to detect such rootkits.

copilot uses special trusted hardware (a PCI add-on card) to detect kernel rootkits.


The manufacturer-reported maximum mean seek time of this drive is 15 ms and the mean latency is 5 ms, including controller overhead.

the resulting total average service time for a random access to a single disk block is 20 ms, which has been empirically verified.


Sazzad Hasan University of Technology, Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007 +61-2-9588 2591 shasan@it.uts.edu.au  One of the important characteristics of Software Process Improvement (SPI) is to help the software organization evaluate their current practices and guide them towards improving their performance.

sPI is largely dependent on the active participation of the all key people and employees in improvement program.


Since MADBench2 uses an out-of-core algorithm, each matrix has to be written to disk when it is .rst calculated, and read back whenever it is required, both read and write operations are needed.

both ReadFile and WriteFile parameters are set as true.


The equation above can then be reduced to D= (i + 2) 3 .

mss the total time to recover after i movements is the sum of the following components: Time spent on recovery information requests as given by: Trec _ req = (Nmss _ log s +1) * Dmss * r *Tlog_ w Here we assume that the size of a request packet is not more than the size of a log entry packet.


To take the effect of an abstraction on the next saving estimation stage, the proposed approach aims to estimate not only the saving of the abstraction itself but also the reduction of the savings of other abstractions due to pattern overlap.

the saving estimation stage is called as a global saving estimation and decomposed into four steps as shown in Figure 2.


Contemporary embedded processors must provide very high processing performance at low power and at low costs along with programmability and .exibility.

system designers employ more and more Application Speci.c Instruction Set Processors (ASIPs) [1, 2, 3] as building blocks in such systems, since they tend to meet these constraints well.


Complex software modeling requires features as explicit representation of hierarchy and parallel activities.

a higher-level technique based on state-transitions diagrams is recommended.


Its footprint is negligible compared to automatic binary instrumentation of event-based tools.

piC O Q L incurs zero performance overhead in idle state, because PiC O Q L s probes are actually part of the loadable module and not part of the kernel.


People avoided congregation because students and businessperson were told that young people who assembled had been killed decades ago.

this distrust threatened the security of local communities.


To record the .elds accessed by a method s callees, as motivated in section 3, the abstract machine merges the access informa tion of popped stack frames into the frame beneath.

access to a .eld can be observed as a combination of direct or indirect, and atomic or interleaved access.


First, although APE supports the construction of custom O-MaSE-based process, the addition of new userdefined tasks into the O-MaSE method fragment repository would likely require additional tool support.

aPE requires a robust approach for creating, maintaining, and transforming non aT3-based work products.


In the failing run (c), a write to race from another thread between the execution of statement 2 and 3 changes the thread s control-.ow such that x acquires the value 1, causing the branch outcome at statement 5 to yield false.


In two of the three projects, this documentation had been built by vendors whose products were .nal candidates for purchase.

the design documents contained a variety of models ranging from detailed designs to interface de.nitions to architectural models.


This new situation requires new ways to deal with increasing complexity, growing verification effort and pressure of time to market while keeping cost efficiency and development time affordable.

design implementation and test strategy have to be steadily adapted to new requirements.


And after deploying the proposed compilation .ow, the temperature is reduced.

all performance metrics obtain their best values using -O3 with the proposed compilation .ow.


Consequently, the alternative .ows are speci.ed in dedicated sequence diagrams and not within the basic .ow with alternative combined fragments.


ASSUMPTION 3 In a non-transactional datastore, if two units of work Ui and Uj both update the same entity e, and the datastore executes Ui s write before Uj s write, then the version of e created by Ui is ordered before the version created by Uj .

in datastores not supporting transactions, we can determine ww-dependency edges if we can determine the order of execution of individual operations.


Their meaning will depend on the context of the exchange, including any rules governing the interaction and the prior dialogue itself.

according to this de.nition, the two features distinguishing e-commerce from ordinary commerce is the use of electronic media for communications and the explicit presence of performative statements with a jointly-and incrementally-created semantics.


The following theorem provides this accuracy constraint: 1 Given estimated location x(t), the maximum location error, er(t) that may be tolerated while preserving the correctness of searched entity list, with respect to true location x(t), is given by: 1 1 er(t) = max{(rk)/2, V(t)} k+1 - r 1 , where rn represents the radius of the smallest circle centered at enclosing the nearest n entities, and V(t) is a threshold on the smallest error that may ever be requested.

if after obtaining the location estimate, the estimation error is known to be within er(t), then the list produced is same as that produced by a mobile device which knows the true location.


Due to the recursive nature of these benchmarks, their performance is dominated by the behavior of virtual calls and returns.

mapping these operations to native calls and returns has an enormous impact.


A fresh location l ' is created as a placeholder to hold the result of evaluating this future.

t ' [e] l, ' denotes a thread with identi.er t that evaluates expression e and stores the result of this evaluation into l ' .


Additionally, in these architectures, there is an impedance mismatch between the runtime call stack (generally C++) and the call stack of the executing generated code in the target language (JavaScript).

communication between the executing JITed code and the runtime is complex and has high overhead.


The def-use edges established along this path can now be statically introduced within the statically created node representing this path.

the timestamp labels for these def-use edges are no longer required.


Second, we explore if non-expert annotations are reliable enough to provide ground-truth annotations for a benchmarking campaign.

four experiments on inter-annotator agreement are conducted applied to the annotation of an image corpus with multiple labels.


For some scenarios, dependency chains of length greater than two are also possible.

we also enforce acyclicity for such dependency chains via aborting a transaction if necessary.


Hence, we have RdSh.T3.hb rT2, estab  c c lishing wT1 .hb rT2 transitively.

oC T E T establishes a happens-before relationship between the accesses of every cross-thread dependence.


Identically named FST elements of di.erent features are merged to a single element in the composed program [3].

the composition of features relies on classes and members with di.erent concerns being named di.erently.


The handle .op-rule is the most involved of the reduction rules.

a handled operation application handle op V (.x.M) with H reduces to the body of the operation clause Hop = .p k .N with the parameter V substituted for p and the continuation .x.M substituted for k. Any further operation applications should be handled by the same handler H. we wrap H around M. The frame -rule allows reduction to take place within any stack of computation frames, that is, inside any evaluation context.


Our prefetching is done using a one entry line buffer[1].

many lookups in D-cache reduce to incremental ones.


The SMW user interface is suited to collaboratively editdocumentsbutlacksalot offeaturesprovidedby enterprise authoringenvironments.

a userinterface streamlining the authoring process and leveraging semantic annotations will be implemented.


LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY The most common limitations that may occur in a mapping study are limited coverage, possible biases introduced in the selection process, and inaccuracies during data extraction.

these are also the main possible limitations of this study.


This model proposed is built upon a hierarchical POMDP.

by the analyzing of the data from sensors (mostly RFID readings) or by the querying of the user, the system can interpret the ongoing activity or user s state and then, take a decision on whether it prompts him to start, resume or end tasks.


However, only a single window can be active simultaneously in an X3DUI-powered virtual desktop.

by actuating an inactive window, the user causes all other windows to become inactive, as follows from Figure 6.


(29) In the following, let us abbreviate g(i, j)simply as g. ag(i,j) is same as ag ,and ßg(i,j) is same as ßg .From (24) and (27), focussing on just the operations on l-th ele-Subtracting (32) from (31), we get ments, we obtain m vil[t]= ak vkl[t - 1] k=1 = ag vgl[t - 1] + (1 - ag)Ol[t - 1] (30) because vkl[t - 1] = Ol[t - 1], .k = .


We use explicit advice and pointcut signatures that allow for typed context information.

the information provided by selected joinpoints can be statically validated regarding the parameters expected by advice.


AspectJ requires that an after advice end its execution in the same way as the join point to which it is associated.

if the code of an after advice is executed following the raising of an exception, the runtime system of AspectJ assumes that the advice ends its execution by raising an exception (either the original or a new one), even if that does not happen explicitly.


However, for most security requirements available from DITSCAP-oriented regulatory documents these concepts are either missing or dispersed in multiple sources.

the need to systematically capture and organize DITSCAP problem domain concepts related to security requirements is apparent for effective decision-making activities regarding their interpretation, applicability, and implementation effectiveness.


The update of error depends on the value of error from previous iterations.

the subregion R2 has a cross-iteration dependence on itself.


From our computation,the Pearson s correlation between number of months and number of topics is 0.8517.

we may regard that more time of version evolution increases the amount of discussions in developers mailing list.


24 4 We weigh Correlation and matching (Sensitivity and FalsePositives) equally and split the matching weight evenly between Sensitivity and FalsePositives.

correlation accounts for 50%, Sensitivity accounts for 25%, and FalsePositives accounts for 25% of the score.


As we know, the multiple integral can be very inef.cient when its condition is complex and there are many variables in the condition.

we give an approximated solution by treating each variable independently.


Further, we are more concerned about the performance of network links connecting different clusters, since high-speed networks are generally available within a cluster.

we view inter-cluster bandwidth as the most critical resource.


many schools offer a CS0 course that stresses programming and problem solving in order to expose students to computer science along deeper (albeit narrower) avenues, e.g., Web design [11], spreadsheets [7] [8], or graphics [6].


No additional radio packets need to be sent when collecting memory traces as all debugging operations are using the debug port of the microcontroller only.

debugging with Minerva does not change the behavior of CTP by increasing the tra.c load.


It was agreed that, although a score (described in Section 4.3.3) is generated by the tool, its calculation process does not reflect the proper procedure for quality assessment in an SR.


The new semantics will reject some programs that would previously execute in the old semantics, and it changes the meaning of some programs, particularly those that make use of other dynamic features such as eval and assignin .

to properly understand the meaning of a MATLAB program, and to correctly implement compilers for modern versions of MATLAB such as MATLAB 7, it is important to have a clear de.nition and implementation of kind analysis.


For example, it has been shown [26] that under practical settings, the failure probability of the TPC benchmark [23] can vary by four orders of magnitude under different assignments used in these previous system.

a thorough understanding of the subject is critical to guide system design.


That is, start(a) + i * I I = end(b) + (i + d) * I I or end(a) + i * I I = start(b) + (i + d) * I I where start(o) and end(o) are the start and end time of lifetime o(0), for o = a, b.

lstart(a) - end(b) J = d I I or .end(a) - start(b) I I l = d 1In this paper, d is always 0.


There are many examples of muqarnas that have lost their geometric consistency after restoration [Tak10].

it is important that artists and architects attempting to reconstruct historical muqarnas have access to a virtual model prior to any restoration.


With evolutionary testing, the number of inconvertible individuals decreased constantly over the generations.

the optimum could be found due to the high number of candidate solutions.


For this purpose, we do not store type information in the serialized data, it contains tag-value pairs only.

the proper data types are recovered right before accessing the data.


Each composition operator is commutative.

the order of the input fragments does not matter.


When A2 is performed Agent A has to assume that it he does not know whether the tuple has been removed.

even if the tuple was destructively removed they have to assume that this has not happened.


Cross-layer transformation approaches, however, are limited to transforming XML documents into object models, which have to conform to a UML model.

while in our approach we are still able to rely on linguistic instantiations between layers, cross-layer transformation approaches have to rely on ontological instantiations at M1 [1].


However, it turns out that only the rules for value let s do the letd marking just as they did in WL and the rules for non-value let s are responsible for the de.nien type limitation as they were in W.V.

for value let s, the let depth is incremented only while inside the de.nien ([lv-letvdef])anditis decremented oncewe startthebody([lv-letv-body]) just as it is in WL.


We have also scheduled the sld in cycle 9.

the value produced by A++ does not need to be in a register from cycle 3 to cycle 9, saving 6 lifetimes, 2 per cycle of the modulo schedule.


In the experiments, the blocks in each .le are accessed in the same order by grep and diff, though .les are accessed in different orders.

to some degree, the sequences detected during grep warming up OS buffer can help reducing the cache pollution incurred the .le-intensive applications loading the data set into OS buffer, and the names outside of brackets indicate the .leintensive applications co-running with VM-intensive applications.


Consequently~ gray marks appear on the sub-cycle, and will not disappear~ even af- ter removal of generator G2.

the basic scheme of detection is not complete.


In this paper, we talk about an architecture that is able to deliver services to the user without having the user to care about how services are delivered.

we position our service delivery cloud in the SaaS concept.


However, if the Ethernet driver in host kernel or the hardware doesn t support stream DMA, another copy will take place when the packet is transmitted to the hard device.


(This is especially true in Intel s IA32 ISA which features variable length instructions.)

the cold pipeline is fed with instructions fetched from an instruction cache, while the hot pipeline is fed with traces fetched from a trace cache.


The second register of all other processes is locked by another process.

process pi has to wait until process pi+1 releases its lock on ri+1.


We then detect the validator under test as defective if it accepts an invalid input or rejects a valid input.

in our example, we detect that isValid1 is a defective validator.


RELATED WORK As for our programming model, related work has already been discussed in [3].


LS ' (state(x)) holds, the branches used for computing h(x+ z)from h(x)is the same as that for h(y+ z)from h(y).

h(x+ z) = h(y+ z)holds from the construction of h, as similar to the proof of Lemma A.4.


An e.cient implementation of MPI s one-sided communication (MPI -Put, MPI Get, MPI Accumulate), when implemented over In.niBand, will typically employ the RDMA model [18].

step 9 of Section 2.1.1 does not appear in the RDMA model.


This step is indicated by the edge la- beled 3, going from n2 to a3.

figure 3(b) corresponds to a solution that starts with the loop nest nl.


For this paper, we built a compiler that translates Jeannie code intofairly straightforward JNI code.

code generated by our Jeannie compiler has the same portability properties as handwritten JNI code: it makes no assumptions about the implementation of the Java virtual machine.


Consider a PME for the operation, C = AAT + C ,given below: ( ) T + * CTL =ATAT CTL T + B + CBL =ABAT CBL CBR =ABAT CBR Notice that in order to compute CTL,onlydata from CTL and AT are needed.

we can conclude that CTL does not depend on any other submatrices of C being computed .rst.


The drawback of this approach is that PROSPECT would need to be aware of operating system speci.cs (such as architecture, kernel version, kernel con.guration, etc.).

it would be hard to use PROSPECT on a wide range of different systems without major modi.cations.


Speci.cally, we evict the elements that are used less than M times during the iterations between Ifk and Ifk+1, where M (M< N)is the SPM eviction threshold.

the set of elements that can be evicted is: o Evict(k)=Sk -RA(X, M, Iok, Ik+1).


2.4 Task Throttling In grids, overload conditions may occur due to the bursty nature of task arrivals, as in the case of executing large work.ows.

the execution performance of the applications may deteriorate to unacceptable levels; response times may grow signi.cantly, and throughput may degrade.


between the high speedup of pipeline parallelism andless energy consumption of task-levelparallelism.

the results have shown that the multi-objective aware extraction ofpipelineparallelismhighly improvesthe quality of the solutions returned by the existing framework.


We note that our notion of con.gurations and execution semantics permits unboundedly many objects in a system speci.cation.

in the above de.nition we could have Np = .


ParseResult a We translate using the uu-parsinglib (or any other) parser combinator library [14], that has both an Applicative and Alternative interface.

compile translates a Productions list as a sequence of parsers combined by .


From Lemma 6, we know that the peer subject q.s0 in DX 0 eats only for .nite time.

by the wait-freedom property of DX 0, p.w0 eventually eats at time (say) t1.


For our replication of the code ownership study, we choose seven Java FLOSS projects, shown in Table 1, as we believe that the development process of an commercial closed-source project and that of an open-source project is rather di.erent.

being able to generalize the results of the Bird et al.


The BNB algorithm requires a single metric to determine whether Hardware Cost Modeler a given schedule is better or worse than previously explored schedules.

when the objective is to decrease overall hardware Figure 5: Cost sensitive scheduling framework used for greedy cost, the combined metric used is the sum of wires, storage bits, and and branch-and-bound schedulers.


This result comes from the functional test strategy, which e.ciently facesthe combinatorial explosionproblembylimiting the number of tests issued from one abstract sequence.

the functional test strategy produces only one test by target behavior of EA, i.e.


The theory Tbag is recursively enumerable.


Also, we believe thatbybuildinga jitter-eliminating scheduler on a real-time supported platform, jitter can be reduced until the system control is no longer affected.

we complement the works such as [6, 1] by adding timed semantics to the system model, and use this addition to reduce the jitter as observed in the environment.


However, sometimes the interpreter forgoes these type checks as well as some null checks for performance reasons.

if a program passes a mistyped value to a Python/C call, the program may crash or exhibit unde.ned behavior.


the relation change to r2 is considered more possible than relation change to r1.v updates local knowledge with the most possible topological relation.


In our example, supposing that we can ask the model for all the inheritance de.nitions between the classes in the model, and that each inheritance is represented as an object, the addition of the edges is illustrated in the example below:  Like in the case of the nodes, when specifying the shape, we made reference to methods that are de.ned in the inheritance object.

given an inheritance object, we will create an edge between the node holding the superclass and the node holding the subclass.


However, an inspection of a set of regular applica- tions, the SPEC floating point benchmark suite, shows that loop bounds, although not compile-time constant, are rela- tively constant at runtime (see Figure 2).

code generated using the current loop bounds will likely be valid for at least a portion of the program execution that follows.


For instance, software coupling is believed to be related to software maintainability and software size to lifecycle e.ort.

techniques and decisions are often introduced and used with the idea that they a.ect internal software attributes, which, in turn, a.ect external software attributes or process attributes.


As the deadlines of all the applications were satis.ed the revenues with Meryn and the static approach were equal.

the platform provider pro.t was higher with Meryn compared to the static approach.


In the case of the above example, we would train three binary classi.ers, each of which would use the binary partition induced by the codewords.

classi.er h1 would learn to discriminate examples in class one from examples in classes two and three.


The primary approach of the cross-case analysis was grounded in the second strategy with some influence of the third, since this study exploits two cases that were selected because of their similarities.

the cross-case comparison aimed to illuminate interrelated issues that were both supportive and contradictory.


By the monotonicity SLPP , the strongest postcondition that holds for P under any possible precondition, is SLPP (.).

note that, equivalently, this unique strongest postcondition is the meet over all true postconditions: n {.post |..pre..pre =.P .post} in particular, postcondition SLPP (.)


With the exception of rand(20), no other prioritization techniques did that.

lru(n) might be most especially cost-effective when the cost of failures is high.


It also shows a very simple threading model; the application uses a single periodic thread that acquires the equipment state (including buttons), determines the new alerts, manages the actions of the crew and generates messages to be displayed.

extrapolations of evaluation results to other applications more complex ones, especially shall be done with extreme care.


Procedure cleanUsedFiltersChainpreserves mutual exclusion, because the chain is busy as long as the last filter of tiffs round is not cleaned yet.

it is not possible that one process enters the critical section via prornotedEnter, and the other via regular enter.


However, they either focus on a di.erent perspective (e.g., encoding, cross-stream optimization), or are based on di.erent assumptions (e.g., scalable coded video source, statistically stationary source/channel models).

it is not possible to directly compare our scheme with them.


Third and most important, the commercial success of spreadsheets is largely due to the fact that many people .nd them more usable than programming languages for programming-like tasks.

our third objective (with resulting constraints) was to maintain this usability advantage.


In dijkstra, instead, the branch probabilities of the control constructs are almost equiprobable.

the approach based on equiprobable branches accurately models such situation.


However, these messages typically appear at the initialization or termination phase of a system (or a subsystem), when the state of the system is dumped to the console.

we did not see any impact of missing these messages on our detection results.


In other words, the application that has generated the WakeLock anomaly is not currently used by the user.

it is reasonable to handle the WakeLock anomaly by killing the application.


While it may seem reasonable to enforce the condition la = lr , this class loading constraint prevents a valid use case: An aspect in a library de.ned by an ancestor class loader can selectively be enabled by declaring its use in an aop.xml .le.

la .lr may be an alternative constraint well worthconsidering.


Figure 4 shows an example Bloom .lter with three hash functions containing three records: a, b and c. Figure 4: Bloom .lter: record d is not a member of the .lter since the second bit location is set to 0.

a query for record d will result in a FALSE return value.


Since most functions of NVRAM (e.g., non-volatile write cache during both high and low utilizations) can be satis.ed by the .ash cache, cost-effective storage designs may reduce the size of NVRAM signi.cantly (e.g., by 10X).

we use only a small amount of NVRAM in our design mainly as a staging area to reduce wasteful .ash writes.


It is based on the Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF) [1] that provides the Ecore metamodelling language which is used to specify the abstract syntax for arbitrary modelling languages.

the modelling of the solution space is not bound to any concrete language and existing EMF-based modelling tools (e.g.


By checking if the fault can still occur, we mean testing if at least one of these lines is still vulnerable.


These operations not only change simple content objects of the underlying web application but also add and modify relations between objects and extend the user interface by creating new pages that can be navigated to.

present-day web applications have to provide at least operations for  adding content objects or new relationships between content objects,  altering existing content objects or existing relationships between content objects,  deleting existing content objects or existing relationships between content objects,  filtering and sorting content objects according to specified criteria.


We note that, while the translation, arbitration, and aggregation functions presented above are implemented by the SLM as a whole, each of the SLM layers implement some, if not all, of these functions themselves.

the behavior of the whole SLM is obtained by composing the functionalities of its layers.


5.6 Identical Authors Risk A potential threat in snowballing is that we might .nd several papers from the same authors since their previous research is usually relevant and is cited.

the results of snowballing approach, might be biased by over presenting speci.c authors research.


The basic background for .le processing (primitive data representation, disk and .le system architecture, memory hierarchy, caching and bu.ering) does appear in the CC 2001 body of knowledge, but is scattered among di.erent content subcategories and much of the most fundamental material does not appear in any of the suggested required courses.

it seems likely that in the future, students will receive even less instruction in these topics than they do now.


With the aid of these interpreters, developers do not have to handle the low-level DMS transformation rules.

the corresponding source code (bottom-left of figure), along with the generated transformation rules (middle of figure), serves as input to the DMS engine.


By capturing behavior of participants observed during their participating, formal behavioral speci.cations are automatically derived.

after several simulation sessions, the underlying model contains a process speci.cation including the process artifacts and behavior as commonly agreed upon by the stakeholders.


(dec)(where eachmi is a number), MSU applies XOR to each mi using key Ki.

the rulebecomes(m1 .K1,m2 .K2 , ··· ,m5 .K5 ).


The main memory is partitioned into memory blocks such that each memory block is mapped to exactly one cache line.

each basic block of a task is mapped to one or more sets of the I-cache.


However, a pipeline often lacks performance due to a stage that is signi.cantly slower than the others.

a suitable heuristic would be to adjust the running time of the fastest and the slowest data parallel stage only.


Similar to .xed-priority resource access protocols (e.g., priority inheritance, priority ceiling) [24] and that for UA algorithms [7, 15], we consider a single-unit resource model.

only a single instance of a resource is present and a job must explicitly specify the resource that it wants to access.


For the book shop, 3-tier AT s completion obtains analysis results that accurately re.ect the scalability and the elasticity of the shop.

the 3-tier AT allows the architect to analyze his scalability/elasticity requirements at design time.


The CUDA runtime and device drivers are installed on the host machine where the GPU is located.

a communication mechanism to redirect CUDA calls originating from the guest machines to the host machine is necessary.


Each scope can be entered by many schedulable objects which allocate objects inside the scope and objects created in scoped memory areas cannot be de-allocated individually - the whole scope is de-allocated when no active threads run inside that scope [3].

defining similar object lifetimes and assign-ing them into associated scoped memory areas is important for saving memory space and reducing the number of dead objects waiting for all objects in the same scope to die.


The WSDL standard operates at the syntactic level and there is no way to represent the requirements or operational constraints of the web service just using WSDL information.

in order to add semantic information to web service description, the WSDL description must be completed with semantic annotations expressing preconditions, postconditions, and the effect that a given request produces.


That means it can not be possible to view full contents of web pages in the internet with such a terminal as we can do with PC.

we have presented a system, called Pocket News that transforms web contents in the internet automatically and directly to the contents dedicated to a mobile terminal, especially PDA.


Thus, on line 1 of the Andrew role, a new channel is instantiated to accept a connection.

the runtime environment extended with these new bindings is the result of successfully guaranteeing F. on line 1 of the Andrew role, the identi.er chana is bound.


In the web application, once the request for the page with two frames is sent to the server, the display is considered unstable until both frames are active, or the two frames are canceled and replaced by another page in the browser window.

the stable states of the model are (s0,u0,v0), (s1,u1,v1), (s1,u2,v1), and (s2,u0,v0), while the remaining states are transient (unstable).


Distributed aspects can disseminate pointcuts to a single host or a group of them.

distributed aspects can work together without being tightly linked, thanks to the use of the connection model mechanisms.


This analysis assumes a unitary evaluation algebra with score functions that compute in O(1).

the contribution of search space construction to overall runtime it determined.


We decided that with the resources we had available, it would not be possible to conduct a survey, not to mention an interview series, in a whole country or a group of countries.

we limited the study to a well-defined geographical area which was the region of Northern Jutland in Denmark.


The rule Sub2Imp explicitly gives the type for the primitive coercion.

the subtyping declaration c : a = P :.x1:A1...xn:An.


attacking when a minimum range is maintained or .eeing when wounded, the transitions are rather straightforward and predictable for the player.

variations are required on top of this basic behavior that originate from other variations in the game world.


Since the branch in Y is backwards, any following RISA entries will be executed only when the branch is taken.

we can move instructions 1 and 2 (along with its parameter 2 ) into both the loop preheader (a, b, c) and the tail of the loop (d, e, f), as shown in Figure 10B.


.ag is accessible only from the implementation of the simple-type language, it is simple to verify that the .ag is only set to #t in the #%modulebegin form.

the implementation can rely on this .ag as an indicator, without the possibility that untyped code might be able to deceive the typechecker.


Whenever there is an ambiguous impredicative application, HMF always prefers the predicativeinstantiation, and always introducesthe least inner polymorphism possible.

hMFisby construction fully compatible with Hindley-Milner and the type of single id is also .a.


There are no labeled break or continue statements  (a) Break handling (b) Continue handling in Python.

a control .ow exception does not go beyond its enclosing loop.


This difference between the mathematical domain of integers(Z) and Java s primitive int type needs to be taken to account during integer range analysis to ensure the soundness of the array bounds check elimination.

linear inequality constraints must be expressed in the domain of integer numbers.


Also, since we focus on large scienti.c programs that consist of multiple loop nests, it is possible that the determined disk speed for a particular array in one loop nest may not be appropriate for another loop nest that manipulates the same array (by accessing the same set of disks).

selecting prefetching distance and disk speeds depends on the disk layout of data as well as the data access patterns exhibited by the application code being optimized.


Second, declaring an export on a connector simply shows a classage s willingness to contribute to the outside world.

as long as A and B do not compete to contribute the same method, the merged connector should have all export method from A and from B.


For a subject, di.erent operator-based mutant-selection techniques select di.erent numbers of mutants.

it is di.cult for us to compare all the three techniques with random mutant selection on the same ground.


Then, in order to allow a more e.cient process, concurrent development is controlled in an optimistic way; each developer has a local workspace on which her/him performs modi.cations that later on are committed to the repository in order to update the current version and advertise it to the other developers.

locking mechanisms can be avoided (even if still allowed when necessary), while the eventuality of con.icts is left open.


Application code is enhanced to be able to interact with a framework, and the enhancements cannot be simply turned off to facilitate debugging.

tracing, analyzing, and .xing .awed programs whose bytecode has been enhanced with a standard debugger is misleading the debugger will show all the enhanced program s code faithfully, both the original logic and the transparently introduced enhancements.


Since the expression that computes the original array size might have side e.ects or be quite complicated, we .rst introduce a new local variable to hold the value of this expression so we do not repeat its computation.

we need to construct three new vertices to replace InitVert one to initialise the local variable, and two to initialise the new arrays.


We argue that existing models are not sufficient to express complex operations that access or modify web application content.

we propose an additional Operation Model defining operations for dataintensive web applications.


With that said, a possible negative impact of the time limit was that we were not able to consider 8 subjects in the analysis, because they have solved too few tasks.

the timing issue did cause a reduction in the statistical power of the results.


Recall that command queuing reorders the outstanding requests to minimize disk head seek movement using a Shortest Seek First (SSF) [15] like scheduler.

if we continuously .ll the device queue and the incoming requests are for sectors closer to the current head position, then requests that require larger seeks or rotations will be delayed indefinitely.


A better duplicate bug retrieval method should allow users to identify more duplicate bug reports by examining less number of bug reports.

the higher the metric value, the better the retrieval performance.


For example, joinpoint descriptors (pointcuts), advice and aspects are all objects in AspectS, while pointcuts are functions in AspectML.

our approach will differ from the existing work in [5] by providing appropriate extensions to the Class meta-class for advice and pointcuts, as well as aspects (Figure 2 and Figure 3).


Therefore, the generator should also have a fallback mechanism for efficiently reverting to a device s full GUI if a history-based one is incomplete.

history-based userinterfaces further aggravate the problem of user-interface implementation.


Since PCM cells wear out much faster, using the same approach would quickly disable all PCM pages.

to make PCM a viable alternative for main memory, lifetime-extending mechanisms are crucial for both singlelevel cell (SLC) and multi-level cell (MLC) PCMs.


Collection classes were a significant part of the design motivation for Flexible Alias Protection.

collection classes are an important test of any alias annotation system.


Changing a parameter in a method or modifying an input parameter therefore requires a new execution of the application in order to get the new energy consumption and the impact of this change.

what if developers had tools to empirically measure the energy consumption of their software code, and get empirical data about the energy variation trends in their code?


1) Memory Access Mapping: As highlighted in Section II, memory accesses are handled differently in OpenCL, Renderscript, and Filterscript.

the introduced back ends map reads and writes to an Image to corresponding API calls and memory array accesses.


We opt not to focus on Byzantine writers because they can always obliterate the storage by constantly overwriting data with garbage, even in spite of (expensive) techniques that ensure that each individual write leaves a consistent state (e.g., [10, 19, 22, 31].

with Byzantine writ ers and asynchronous message schedule, the adversary can make a correct reader return arbitrary data at will.


However, Kmeans su.ers from the drawback that it converges to di.erent local minima with di.erent selections of initial centroids.

the result quality greatly depends on the selection of the initial centroids.


Although the compilation can start directly from source code, in most cases the code has already been compiled by BEAM, the bytecode compiler of Erlang/OTP.

the compilation to native code starts by disassembling the bytecode and representing it in a symbolic form.


Also, a fast response means that the controller rejects disturbances rapidly.

the controller parameter must be chosen after considering the trade-offs between controller speed and stability.


Step 1 Create a sequence from the growth trajectory It is necessary to determine each learner s sequence in any learn-ing order prior to determining the sequential pattern.

each learner s sequence is created using the growth trajectory of Ci and Cj.


8.3 Inference Unlike Scheme, where the base types are partitioned by a set of well-de.ned predicates, JavaScript s prototype-based object system supports subtyping.

we cannot rely on a partition of values as we can in Scheme.


By part (2) of the hypothesis, all input tokens at sare the ' same in the executions of P and Q.

sperforms ' exactly the same computation in both: if sis an I/O spec, it puts exactly the same data tokens on its output ports; if it is a test, it transfers the control token to the same side (and in languages where tests can also have data output, computes the same values for them); if it is a join, it produces the same values for the common outputs.


Name LocalAccessCount Metric Type InvocationCountType Parameters Scope={LocalAccess} Table 2: Metric for Measuring Number of Local Access Figure 5: Credit Check Process To measure the percentage of remote accesses, it is necessary to measure the number of invocations of both local and remote accesses.


Example of Activity Diagram in Guideline 4.1.3 Establishing a Core Asset Management Environment As time passes, the reusability and need to reuse core assets may decrease.

we developed an asset management tool that analyzes reusability and the need to reuse of both core assets and individual assets continually to support rebuilding core assets.


For a simple Java program, the analysis time was reduced from 15 hours to 19 seconds without loss of precision in WCET.

we conclude that the optimisations improve the feasibility of model checking for estimating WCET.


Korz generalizes object-oriented programming from one (usually implicit) receiver to many (usually implicit) receivers, each playing a named role when a slot is looked up for a message send.

rather than a Korz system being a collection of objects, at the most fundamental level it consists of a collection of slots, each bound to some set of coordinates.


Also it is instructive to re.ect on the time required for every peer to get a good copy which is an order of magnitude more than the same time required in the Copy Centric Model.

a version selection behavior wherein peers completely ignore relative popularity of versions will work to the attacker s advantage.


poor performance compared to native code.

many important systems, such as Sun s HotSpot [13] and IBM s production Java virtual machine [21] run in mixed mode, compiling and executing some parts of a program while interpreting others.


The idea is to separate the two aforementioned aspects of parametricity.

we are going to have a pair of separate relations, E+ and E-.The former enforces parametric usage, the latter parametric behavior.


The number of memory blocks for each partition is .

the cache miss rate within a thread warp is estimated in Eq.


Compression poses no direct challenges in black-box forensics acquisitions, whereas it makes white-box analysis useless, as the data read directly from the chips would be unusable, unless the compression algorithm were known or reverse engineered.

in our methodology we included a step that can verify whether compression is active.


This property ensures that each application of arewrite rulewilleliminate one occurrence of a speci.c trigger.

moreover, none of the rules trigger the application of any other rulefromthesameset,northeapplicationofarulefromanyofthe previous steps.therewritingprocess,foreach ofthe four steps, must terminate.


3.5 Pragmatics Naturally, no one would actually write down the strand semantics of a protocol initially.

we provide a domain-speci.c language, an extension of cppl [6], to specify protocols in a more natural style.


Finally, the execution of the application family is coordinated via an orchestration strategy that will involve complex state synchronization across the variants.

three research challenges of speculative execution are: (1) generating large application families automatically; (2) managing the resources allocated to an application family; and (3) coordinating the execution of an application family.


Otherwise only a fraction of peak performance can be achieved.

we add vector type support to HIPAcc, which is compatible with the syntax in OpenCL and Renderscript.


This can be a simple string, or a more elaborate description.

although the generated view is certainly good enough for rapid prototyping, more .ne-grained control is sometimesdesirable.theEnterOpt,UpdateOpt and ViewOpt argumentsprovidehooksfor .ne-tuninginteractions.


When a query needs to be forwarded to a popular key, neighbouring nodes can now pick peers in a round-robin fashion from the list of available peers holding the key.

the queries for the hot key are now partitioned among the multiple peers storing the key.


Developers will quickly lose the motivation to exploit coverage visualization if  in their opinion the cognitive overhead to get the necessary information is too high.

adopt tools that integrate tightly with the development environment through visualization and annotations directly in the code editors.


Controlling the amount of procrastination There may be many possible ways to procrastinate a given schedule.

for a given test case QuickCheck might spend a considerable amount of time repeating the test case, trying various procrastinations for that test case.


Java, however, is founded on dynamic class loading, and that implies that new classes may introduce new ambiguities or con.icts at a later stage, according to the rules of each particular dispatching policy.

some of the checks could require a lazy approach, done after the main dispatcher construction.


One is to utilize the concurrency, the other is to reduce the critical path.

to get a lower time-budget, we have to resort to the platform of Combination 2 and pay a large energy penalty.


Atomic change 9 depends on atomic change 5 and 6.

testFees.testTaxFee is affected by atomic change 5,6, 8 and 9.


Plan schemas are developed while solving programming problems in the context of speci.c programming languages.

it is reasonable to believe that di.erent languages and paradigms will lead to the creation of di.erent programming schemas, and that this will signi.cantly a.ect the learning and usage of new programming languages.


In Figure 4(b), on the 32-core AMD, although incurring max power consumption has resulted in signi.cantly better performance by employing a larger number of threads, the performance di.erence is insigni.cant for a number of benchmarks (e.g., 20, 24, 27, 29), and min average power has resulted in the best performance for 2 of the benchmarks (30, 31).

when the inherit amount of concurrency within an application is limited, there seems to be little direct correlation between the performance levels attained and the power consumptions incurred by application-level optimizations.


Currently, this data is gathered in large volumes from the meters along the day, and analyzed off-line in time-constrained periods (quarterly, hourly, daily and monthly).

electricity companies are demanding IT solutions to deal with the smart monitoring of power networks.


One of these is motivated by the wide-scale and social nature of Web application themselves: it is only natural to see the formulation and deployment of workarounds as yet another Web application.

it is natural to study how automatic workarounds could be developed, enhanced, and shared more e.ectively.


On the other hand, Lemma 2 and (17) hold for all network topologies.

the same argument used in the proof of Theorem 2 may be used for the case of switching topologies.


When random generation is used for S-boxes, the resulting S-boxes have reduced nonlinearity when compared to many specially constructed S-boxes.

random generation does not present a viable choice in the generation of S-boxes with good transparency order.


This effect has been previously noted by others, including [25].

we treat these cases as warnings unless directed otherwise by the user.


An example for the second case is that one MM comprises an EAttribute amount encoding pricing information in Dollar, whereas the other MM also exhibits an EAttribute amount but encoding the pricing information in Euro.

semantic heterogeneities can not be derived from the syntax (since in both cases the MMs can be represented syntactically equal) but only by incorporating interpretation, i.e., an assignment of a meaning to each piece of data [8].


In our experience, this practice is not natural for CSE developers, who are more used to sitting by themselves to carefully write source code.

we do not advocate pair programming for all development.


The linear logic we use does not allow for unused linear resources.

if there are extra permissions created during the course of the method body, those permissions can legally be ignored by using them to prove ..  P-PROG: A program type-checks if all of its classes are well-formed and the single, top-level expression typechecks outside of a transaction.


Even if at application level the data provider writes a few triples, this set can be expanded with inferred information and other nodes can perform queries on that information.

the amount of requests that can be answered is increased, even if they were not considered in the producer s design phase.


Theproofsketchofthewait-freedom propertyin Section4.2shows that these parameters govern the bound on the worst-case time required to complete each operation on the queue.

theycontrol the tradeoffbetween the practical performance and the theoretical bound on the worst-case completion time of each operation.


In that respect, the evaluation of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in cloud computing environments become challenging.

there is a need for the systematization of knowledge on benchmarking IDS and the design of an architecture for IDS evaluation in cloud environments [13].


This is because all i,j i,j the items packed into bi before I- wouldhavedepartedby i,j time I- +µ.since µ.isthe maximumitemintervallength.

i,j if no new item is packed into bi during [I- ,I- i,j i,j +µ.


It also works with software which employs self-modifying code and other malware techniques to defend against virtual machines, debuggers and code instrumentation such as 2 9  Figure 4: DLL dependency graph of wget without grouping Skype.

it can handle many more cases than with a more detailed instruction instrumentation or interpretation approach, as is done with PIN below.


The evolvability of an approach is limited when it causes scattering and tangling of event instrumentation or obfuscation of protocols in implementing the event parser.

the evolvability of the Java approach is poorest, and that of AspectJ and the EAOPTool is intermediate.


Also, these studies do not have as much of a white-box view as we were able to provide in our measurements.

they provide limited measurements on time-of-day e.ects, .ash crowds, or how video access concentrations change over short time scales.


In this .gure, X-axis presents the time scale normalized against the .nishing time of the last threads of Heterogeneous, and Y -axis is for the number of threads that have .nished their tasks.

if the line hits the ceiling earlier, better performance was achieved.


From this perspective, developing scientific understandings and explanations is not simply a matter of stringing together the logical entailments of information; rather, it involves struggling with posing questions, arranging conditions for seeing, developing measures, structuring data, and understanding the entailments of that data.

in order to integrate programming in K12 science classrooms, we need to rethink the design of programming languages and modeling platforms such that the essential components of the learning environment i.e., the programming primitives, software scaffolds, learning activities and teacher-led scaffolding are designed in order to support not just the learning of programming or scientific concepts, but also the learning of representational practices that are central to the science domain.


conceptually, our anysolution to each of them is necessarily unsound or algorithm considers every tuple (t a,l a 1 ,l b 2 ),where incomplete.


Without type-argument inference, a programmer would have to provide type arguments each time a generic method is used.

to make generic methods convenient, Java infers type arguments at methodinvocation sites.


2.2 Executing JPDDs at the design level With the emerging of model-driven techniques [3, 13], models have become fist-class citizens of the software development process.

model verification and testability has been identified as a key factor for a successful adoption of Model-Driven Development techniques [12].


In particular, we see that thread 18 on HEC 1 attempts to wait on its socket (the dashed, gray bar), but fails due to the callback table variable already being taken, in this case by thread 2, which is the dispatcher thread of the GHC IO manager.

thread 18 enqueues itself on the callback table variable wait queue and is removed from the run queue, after which HEC 1 becomes idle.


Components move into subsequent scenarios in an unsynchronised fashion.

an edge in the hMSC can be regarded as concatenating syntactically (or composing sequentially) the two bMSCs it links.


ever they do not spend signi.cant fraction of total execution time 5% of their execution time in the memory allocation and dealloca in dynamic memory management routines.

they are not tion library functions, respectively.


As was argued by Cataldo and colleagues [6], the number of past modi.cations incorporates many factors that a.ect quality because .les that are more complex, less well designed, have logical or other dependencies, or are more fault prone for other reasons, are more likely to be modi.ed.

even though past changes can predict fault proneness [10, 17], including past changes in the model may make it impossible to separate individual contributions made by code, developer, or organizational factors.


Since we are at a JET point and no more answers for the pruned tables are currently needed, choice points in the scope of the pruning operator must be taken out of the CP stack so that we avoid exploring these alternatives unnecessarily.

the JET action is to run through the choice point stack from its top to the choice point associated with the JET point (the test generator in this case), and preserve through copying choice points of computations originating from incomplete tables that are JET pruned.


One possible reason was that the environment separated the mashup s output from its logic so when running the mashup, its logic was no longer available for reference.

participants had to memorize one screen before switching to the other.


For example, in Figure 4, the clock object is added to the graph, and its edges were selected to be visible yet not layout-able.

the graph layout did not change from Figure 2, even though the edges connecting the clock to the relevant LSCs are now visible.


Visitors will watch these screens to look for di.erent information.

we can think at sort of user agents exe- Figure 2: Food web for the ecosystem of displays case study.


2.1 Implementation for JADE Interactions in JADE consist of actions that include message transmission and reception.

we implement agent actions of each agent that would participate in the interaction.


The reason is that in wkld-d, small WC and ST jobs, which have the same runtimes (see Figure 2), prevail.

the weights assigned with the performance-based policies are similar and do not re.ect the actual imbalance between the workloads.


Automatic generation of code that implements the semanticsofamodelisusefulindifferentcontexts:thecodecan be usedfor simulation;butit canalsobe embeddedina real-time digital control system(X-by-wire).Infact, usagesof the latter type are increasingly adopted by the industry.

these tools can be seen as programming languages, debuggers and compilers for the embedded software domain.


Others authors have argued the paucity of valid accom- panying information, often reduced to just the component 0-7695-1877-X/03 $17.00 &#169; 2003 IEEE 221 interfaces, which anyhow provide syntactic information, in- sufficient for many analysis purposes.

they [18] [20] suggest approaches to augment the components with additional information (or metadata) aimed at increasing the customer understanding and analysis capability of the com- ponent behaviour.


Mathematically the cost of an experiment is a function of the module s complexity.

If N represents the total complexity of a system, then ni, the complexity of the ith module would be given as, mi/N , where mi is the ith module s contribution to N. (Zi) is the visibility cost, the cost to replace the ith module.


But none of us want to squander resources by investing more than is strictly necessary.

it is important to find out what documentation and interaction is sufficient to achieve successful replications.


RELATEDWORK Domain-speci.c languages built on top of MapReduce, such as PigLatin[8],arefrequently compiled toHadoop code.

itis possible to integrate static type checks in the compilation process.


Aspect state machines additionally require applying stereotypes, which is not the case for flat state machines.

more modeling effort is required to apply AspectSM and actually for this specific set of crosscutting behaviors, more states were required to be modeled in aspect state machines than flat state machines.


Although these errors will be detected at compile-time of the generated program, this is at least as late as the run-time of the generator.

static legality checking for generators is analogous to static typing for regular programs.


The city of Vienna is maintaining and updating this data-set due to the fact that planting and logging trees is regulated and controlled by the administration.

the data on Vienna s stock of trees is very extraordinary and thus not observable in the OGD provided by the US or the UK.


(6) From (5), (6) and the induction hypothesis, we have e sp)[i])e sp)[i ' ])+1 t(t(p=t(t(pe sp)[i ' ]))+1 :s(ß(t(pe sp)[i])) :s(ß(t(p .

we have e sp)[k]):s(ß(t(pe sp)[k])) t(t(p =dpd where k is the largest integer such that t(pe sp)[k]is an effective node instance.


First, checking for realizability is sometimes much faster and scales better than generating an implementation.

we recommend the frequent use of realizability checking, without implementation generation (in the plug-in these features are intentionally separated).


Their language of types is richer than System F or our language.

their language includes principal types for terms that have no principal type in System F. Furthermore, we are aware of some situations that require fewer annotations in MLF than in our language.


4.1 Landmarks & Components Studyinhumanvisionsystem[6]showsthathumansfnd itnaturaltodesribepatternsbasedontheiranhorpoints.


LiteOS implements a natural boundary between the kernel and user applications, which is a suite of system calls.

the application binary consists of instructions that are either application specific or references to system calls, which simplifies recording and analyzing application behavior, an observation that motivates us to design and implement the event logger and its translator to help reconstruct application life cycle after its execution.


However, a fully cloud-based home controller will be disabled when there is a network or cloud outage and may also not be cost e.cient for all usage scenarios.

we propose a hybrid architecture, the Programmable Cloud-Enabled Home Controller where the home automation applications are executed both on the home and cloud elements.


This ensures that at least  1 nonfaulty replicas can vouch for the authenticity of every view-change message whose digest is in .

if the original sender of a view-change is uncooperative, the primary retransmits that sender s view-change message and the non-faulty backups retransmit their view-changeacks.


For our benchmarks, the total code size for a steady state ranges from 2 Kb to over 135 Kb (and commonly exceeds 16 Kb).

while individual actors may have a small instruction footprint, the total footprint of the actors in a steady state exceeds a typical instruction cache size.


It also demands an understanding of and appreciation for systematic design processes, non-functional properties, and large integrated systems.

when developing complex systems, it is necessary to apply sound engineering principles in order to economically obtain reliable and e.cient software.


On the other hand, the mail service expresses a positive af.nity with the .le system, and the SMTP service expresses no preference with regards to the networking stack.

while many components are involved in the mail server application, there are few af.nity values that must be expressed to maximize performance.


However, a reserved primary block may permanently hold cold data, and its corresponding replacement block may be erased frequently due to update operations.

the wear-leveling of their scheme can not be guaranteed and the lifetime of a primary block should be further enhanced.


The course is specifically not a hardware-based course.

the students are not required to design or build any pieces of hardware.


The ways in which these proactive activities are to be initiated and the ways in which their results are to be presented to participants will undoubtedly have an impact upon the acceptance of process guidance.

these issues need to be studied in cooperation with experts in dealing with human behavior, perhaps drawing upon research in such areas as human factors, human computer interface design, industrial engineering, and psychology.


Therefore, to obtain comparable bene.ts from compiler-directed prefetching in single core as well as multiple core environments, we need to modify the multi-core version to make it aware of data sharings across processor cores, as shownin thispaper.Itis tobe noted that scienti.c applications and embedded image/video codes are maybe the .rst set of applications that cantake advantage offuture many-core architectures due to inherent parallelism they contain.

it is important to enhance their CMP performance using compiler techniques that are scalable, and our scheme is an effortin thisdirection.


However, parallelizing an application for SSP may still produce enough slack between the main thread and the speculative thread when there is no parallelism.

instead of the degree of parallelism, we use the number of reduced miss cycles and the slack as our optimization targets.


The reason is that, in general, polling at this level will occupy too much CPU time on the client (the database server) and can only be used in collaboration with the application.

besides the typical message packaging overhead and wire latency, the VI numbers shown in Figure 3 also include reg- istration/deregistration cost (5--10 microseconds each) and interrupt cost on the client (5-10 microseconds).


Internally, it represents required resources using a resource graph, playing the role of a manager for a collection of components.

a proxy is a specialized type of a group.


As NXTalk s GC only collects objects in RAM and to speed up the marking phase, traversal is stopped when encountering Flash memory objects.

it is necessary to add objects that were copied from Flash to RAM to the root set.


Much work has been done so far in order to solve such interferences, but most approaches rely on global predicates or variables that are de.ned by one aspect and then referred to by other aspects.

an aspect has to be somehow aware of all other aspects in order to detect possible con.icts.


Each sample set begins as interesting,but a classi.cation .lter may change the set s annotation to uninteresting.

a sample set is marked interesting at the end of a .lter bank if and only if every intervening classi.cation .lter thought it was interesting.


Bubbles can be placed within this view, but when extra space is needed, the view can be panned in 2-D by right-clicking and dragging on the background to reveal additional space (accelerated by a gain factor of 1.5).

rather than deciding to close bubbles to make room, we expect users may choose to work left to right as they add new bubbles and pan or push older bubbles off screen to the left.


Unfortunately, exhaustive enumeration does not capture observable behavior produced by the inputs on the program under test.

a large set of redundant tests may be generated, each of which has exactly the same execution behavior on the program.


All the characters in L have their previous and their next characters outside .

each of them is between the previous S ' and the next characters of each other.


Unfortunately, at the present time there is no tool in existence which satis.es both requirements at the same time.

to validate our results, we had to use a chain of tools, each one meeting our requirements partially.


In the previous year, these lectures had discussed graph transformation mainly based on our transformation engine (VMTS transformation engine), thus the knowledge we provided was not general enough.

we decided to widen the scope and talk about graph transformations in general.


Of course, it might be di.cult to construct an experimental network which has same size, same facilities, and / or same characteristics of the real Internet.

we had proposed to out.t subgraphs of the Internet [5] and also proposed using Virtual Machines to increase the number of routers in the emulated Internet [7].


The classbox ColorCB extends the class Point from OriginalCB by adding a protected instance variable c and a corresponding accessor method getColor.

all instances of Point in ColorCB as well as the instances of any of its subclasses posses this additional behaviour.


best option is to use a two-level strategy, combining the inter and intra block parallelism.


We observed that the use of NLP and WSD requires almost no extra information manually entered by the analyst.

the aspect identification can be automated to a larger degree than in existing approaches.


the process model used or the effort estimated for different project tasks.

there was no learning effect that helped to avoid mistakes in the next software project.


A simple experiment connecting panels in serial or parallel con.rms this behavior.

enlarging the panel does not necessarily increase the power output in speckled light.


Two parameters are used to control the outgoing flow, namely rate r and maximum burst size b.

b determines the depth of the bucket, while r is the rate at which the bucket is filled with tokens.


For data exploration in virtual environments, usually not all but a subset of time levels is applied.

a stride of 10 time levels for the shock dataset results in a highly satisfying processing time of only 35 seconds.


If a pre.x is incorrect, no suf.x will yield a correct schedule.

the only pre.xes that get expanded are those that succeed (lines 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 18).


for the .rst type of peers, called low bandwidth peers, the playback delay is inevitable, and we call the others as high bandwidth peers.


The API reuse information helps application developers correctly extend the target software.

application developers must con.rm the valid API document version.


The deletion of items from the contact list is more expensive, since the element removed might be the one achieving minimum value on one or more of the hash functions.

in the case of deletions sk(A) has to be recomputed from scratch and the cost becomes O(m|L(A)|).


Since m s receiver is owned by o, it can reach o only by a reference chain that contains at least one any reference.

this reference chain cannot be used to call a non-pure method on o.


Since we disjunct disjunctions of linear inequalities derived for E1 and E2, the derived constraint for E1 nE2 is a disjunction of linear inequalities.

derivation of a constraint from E1 nE2 (among other ordinary event orders) does not destruct the conjunction-of-disjunctions structure of the .nal constraint.


Instead of trying just to improve the code written by the programmer, we try to automatically transform as many dynamic objects to static ones, in the goal to reduce execution time, while maintaining memory costs as low as possible.

it provides a large design space exploration for a given application.


By itself, negative af.nity provides no guidance other than to attempt to avoid certain satellite kernels.

negative af.nity may be combined with a positive platform af.nity to guarantee a performance threshold.


Furthermore, the bit error rate of MLC flash memory becomes higher compared to SLC flash memory.

in order to guarantee the same level of reliability, MLC flash memory requires increased amount of error correction codes and an efficient FTL algorithm to compensate for inferior characteristics.


Indeed, the elements of the domain(free) occurrences of a in the subtree rooted at this node, whose poof f are levels, and the maximum level, which is bounded by thesitions have been determined during the .rst pass, and recorded as depth of the tree, can easily be computed ahead of time.

p. before moving on to the current node s children, we update F with the mapping (p .b), which stands for {(p .b)/p .


Structured (DHT-based) multicast designs [8, 9] allow nodes to join quickly and minimizes control overhead.


Since the correlation between devices and groups is many-to-many, this correlation is saved in its own table.

when a dynamic object s device-group .eld needs to be loaded, the previous suggested method fails.


The principal assumption is that cyberphysical systems operate in a 24/7 mode and are desirable to run even in cases of security breaches, unless the breach is very severe.

when security of the system is compromised, there must be some means embedded in the design to continue with downgraded or limited operation.


This duality means that the very same syntax can be usedto monitor the interaction between designs and to inject or drive inputs to a design fragment.

the generators for a DUVcan be .ipped to become monitors when a DUV is integrated withits true environment.


In JTL however, the comma is optional; patterns separated by whitespace are conjuncted.

(2.1) can also be written as public int.


For closed terms, capturing can only happen when a binder shadows a variable in scope.

to check for absence of capturing, it is enough to check for absence of shadowing: safe :: Exp .


Audris Mockus Avaya Labs Research 233 Mt Airy Rd, Basking Ridge, NJ audris@avaya.com shore locations.

in such scenarios it makes economic sense to replace the developers as fast as possible.


However, all this is very context-speci.c and thus the chances for reuse are very small.

we consider the major results to be the experience, the lessons learned.


The @-translations were extended to add a prime, as in [1..n, 2..n] A := A + A'@west; The prime at indicates that the referenced elements refer to the updated values from earlier iterations in the evaluation of this statement.

in the illustrated statement, the first column of A would be unchanged (note region), the second column would be the sum of the first two, the third would be the sum of the first three, because it combines the third column (A) and the newly updated second column A'@west, etc.


We prove the results from Koprowski and Binsztok that the peg eval relation always has a value when the PEG is well-formed, and that it is deterministic.

on well-formed PEGs (we prove the CakeML PEG is one such), peg eval speci.es a function.


Since KCCA provides two projection vectors that maximizes correlation between the control and observational variables, most normal processes would have a relatively high correlation between the two sets of variables.

we can set a threshold on the deviation of correlation from1(which correspondstoperfectly correlated) to decide whether a process is normal or abnormal.


One limitation is that the creativity workshops are expensive and time-consuming, so fostering and guiding creative thinking within other sub-processes involving fewer stakeholders is desirable.

we are currently exploring how to extend the ART-SCENE scenario walkthrough tool [14], designed to ensure requirements correctness and completeness, to support creative thinking.


However, Side-Track also predicted an additional 11 atomicity violations that did not occur on the observed trace, but which could occur on other feasible traces.

the ability to soundly generalize from the observed trace increased the number of atomicity violations detected by SideTrack by 40%.


Such pages become available to the waiting hosts only after they are forwarded by the carrying host.

instead of searching forsuchpagesintothetargethash table immediately upon reception ofan identi.er, the identi.er, and the address of the page are inserted into a per-host waiting list.


Unfortunately, analogous to the stateless nature of HTTP, MVC-based web application frameworks lack mechanisms for tracking state.

each request is routed completely independentlyofhistory,basedpurelyon thecontentof the current request.whiletheMVCframework vastly improves web application organization and control .ow management,itis lefttothedevelopertoimplement any stateful behavior that may be desired.


DUSC [9], our approach allows co-existent distinct class versions in the running system by using a reflective mechanism and type correspondence handling.

the type hierarchy of classes can be successfully changed at runtime.


1. context Department inv: self.employee -> forAll (e| e.salary>self.minSalary) 2. context Employee inv: self.salary>self.employer.minSalary 3. context Department inv: self.employee -> select(e| e.salarysize()=0  D epart ment 1 WorksIn * Em ployee nam e : str ing minSalary: M oney nam e : str in g salar y: Mo n ey employer employ ee Figure 1.1 Example Conceptual Schema only when designers are aware of all these different alternatives, they can choose the best definition for the IC.


This function is satis.able for the variable assignments that correspond to valid behaviors of the CPP.

the checker function is #» able to verify if a speci.c block selection bu represents the resulting #» preprocessing when given a con.guration f and a compilation unit u. the term variability is de.ned as follows: DEFINITION 5.


The ML metric for the rate-one full-diversity 8 antenna QOSTBC in [3] can be decoupled into two independent terms: f1278(x1, x2, x7, x8) + f3456(x3, x4, x5, x6).


For example, the method addAll: in Collection sends self add: for each element of the argument.

it appears that every collection understands addAll:, although an attempt to use this method on, say, an Array, will always cause a runtime error.


2.1.1 Reliable Node Update Stage Because each reliable node has an accurate measurement of its parameter, the reliable nodes do not need to participate in the update stage of the algorithm.

the estimate update is trivially xj(r +1) = xj(r)= pj, .j .


Shared memory implementations are further based on work-sharing, tasking or a combination of these two.


If this is the case, the contributions to the dynamic slice when these edges are traversed is also known statically and always the same.

to speed up traversal of these edges, we introduce a shortcut edge that replaces the traversal of multiple static dependence edges by the traversal of a single shortcut edge.


log otherwise pi It is interesting to note that the number c of colluders is not (j) involved at the calculation of the score S.It is because i  we assume yi = ./c with 0 = .

= c. if the pirated codeword is produced only by the averaging attack, the optimal tracing algorithm is easily performed without the knowledge of c. In a noisy case, the score Si (j) is calculated from the distorted codeword yi * .


4.2 BPEL engine We have built a BPEL engine as an interpretor based on a SmartTools semantic analyser.

it has the same join points but the requirements for its DSAL are slightly di.erent: the pointcut language should be .ner grain as well as independant from the implementation, and aspects may need to share information, though this means that they are interdependent.


In such a case, multiple inequalities can be derived, and the given event order appears in no system execution if at least one of the inequalities is satis.ed.

the tool derives a disjunction of linear inequalities for one given event order.


The performance of HyperSQL with the TPC-C benchmark con.guration we used was much lower than that of PostgreSQL.

in our evaluation, we only report the performance with PostgreSQL.


However, they found each one of the proposed dependencies essential.

we believe that this will improve with more practice of the technique.


dk = E(i) + d + pk =1 dp Then, for each instrumental event j = i, we compute the subsequence sj of seq such that the date of electronic actions is between the date of j and the date of j + 1: sj = [(dj0 xj0 ) ... (dj1 xj1 )] where dj0-1 < E(j) = dj0 = dj1 < E(j + 1) = dj1+1 Each subsequence sj is associated to the corresponding event j instead of i.

we need to update delays such that the dates of the electronic actions remain the same: dj' l = djl - E (j).


If the instrumentation were performed, the UP.ROFile class would be a subclass of UP.File and not of File.

uP.ROFile would not be able to access non-public members of File.


is the logical conjunction symbol, and A0, , An are atomic formulas (logic facts) of the form: predicate_symbol(Var_1, Var_2, , Var_N) (form 2) where the positional parameters Var_1, ,Var_N of the above predicate predicate_symbol are either variable names (in the case of the back-end inference rules), or constants (in the case of the ITF table statements) [3].

the input programs are formally transformed, into a set of provably-correct hardware accelerators (or coprocessors ).


When presenting an evidence graph for a formula, we can eliminate potentially in.nite paths by curtailing them after the .rst cycle.

using the above Lemma, we can obtain the following theorem.


However, our experience with the case studies showed that we identified symptoms for all of the documented design shifts and even some undocumented ones.

we can safely assert that the heuristics may have missed some of the  refactorings, but they usually have identified the important design changes.


Load instructions may incur stalls due to cache misses.

a reduced number of load instruction executions may even amortize the performance overhead of additional extraction and merging code.


As described in Section 4.2, tm19 and tm20 have the same size and complexity as tm1, but the maximum search time values for tm19 and tm20 are 5 and 150 time units, respectively, instead of 50 in tm1.

comparing GA results for these three TMs should reveal the impact of variations in maximum search time.


Unlike Homer however, PKI policy passages are identi.ed not just by passage reference (e.g., (9) ) but also by headers that describe the purpose of the section (e.g., Other Business and Legal Matters ).

passage reference does not necessarily correlate with section semantics.


Thus, by using the (2 + 1)-Tensor-CUR algorithm, we make the following approximation: A A = C.3 UR.


To avoid recording the intended referent for each pointer (this is the key to backwards compatibility), they check property (2) strictly on every pointer arithmetic operation, which ensures that a computed pointer value always points within the range of its intended referent.

the intended referent can be found by searching the table of allocated objects.


On a deprived quantum, we have by de.nition that aq <dq, and since aq =min {pq,dq},wehave aq = pq.

we have uq = aq = pq, and quantum q is accounted.


Accordingly, performance enhancement was instead achieved by increasing the number of processor cores rather than the speed of the processor clock.

the utilization of multiple cores in a desktop PC environment has been the biggest issue in computing for a long time and much research on this topic has been carried out.


For another example, the SmokeDetector entities should be considered as critical to the safety of the building occupants.

the software architect should be able to require the developer of the SmokedDetected component to implement code to compensate for errors at the application level.


Since both prices and quantity are the same as in the two-sided Cournot game, payoffs are also unchanged.


The Least Squares technique is not robust in the face of outliers, such as those in heavy tailed distributions, while Least Absolute Deviations is.

the Least Absolute Deviations is more applicable for use with software metrics data.


This is due to the fact that this systematic mapping focus is on investigation of tools and models that utilize ontologies as a support to distributed software development activities.

it is important to take under consideration that most of the resources allocated in this branch have also been included in other knowledge branches.


Additionally, the class that becomes a subclass in an inheritance relationship can only be tested in the presence of itssuperclass or a driver.

in an example as the onepresented in Figure 7 the ORD generated consists of twointertype relationships and an inheritance relationship.


Since the functions in a declarative program are typically very small and consist of a few lines only, it is not suf.cient in practice to cover only the branches of the function to be tested.

we will aim at covering the branches of all the directly and indirectly called functions, too.


Despite the above observations, the early activities in AD, like deciding on the coarse-grained architecture, are currently mostly guided by the intuition and the experience of the software architects.

those activities tend to be unsystematic, hard to predict or plan and difficult to perform by novices in architectural design.


*/) { state_ = 4; 29 30 } else { state_ = 5; 31 32 } break; 33 case 4: 34 35 /* send message m3 */ 36 // recv message m4 37 ACLMessage msg = myAgent.receive(); 38 Object content = msg.getContent(); 39 40 /* handle the content */ 41 state_ = 3; 42 break; 43 case 5: 44 /* send message m5 */ 45 break; 46 case 6: 47 state_ = 0; 48 break; 49 case 7: 50 /* send message m7 */ 51 isTerminate_ = true; 52 break; 53 54 55 } } public boolean done() { 56 return isTerminate_; 57 585 } } Figure 2: An implementation of Role1 in JADE to modify both of them if some changes to the message exchanges are to be applied.

maintainability of interactions decreases.


On the other hand, removing the element from the subsystem again does not decrease its streets length.

even currently small subsystems might be represented by long streets which have negative impact on the layout compactness.


Participants 1Twitter (http://twitter.com) has been designed as a pub lic communication service.

users do not assume their conversations private.


In addition, a series of small changes from version 3 and 6 might contain fixes to the defects made in version 3, so comparing 3 and 6 can help identifying defects.

4 and 5 might be excluded from the initial inspection.


Such an approach might be an example were the diversity in the versions to be true diversity.28 What we are concerned about is keeping the autopoietic part of the overall system working.

it is not correctness of result that is important but survivability.


With static scheduling, where every thread must perform the same amount of work, performance varies from 11.4x speedup with the high tax rate to 8.8x speedup with a low tax rate, because of load imbalance while the N-Queen is running.

the use of tax must consider both the bene.t to sequential programs and the cost to the parallel programs that are preempted.


Because of the network delay between the sending and receiving players, when a DR vector is received and rendered at a player, the original trajectory of the player/entity may have already changed.

in physical time, there is a deviation at the receiving player between the exported path and the rendered trajectory (which we refer to as placed path).


We normalized the drift and volatility to set T = 1.

a time frame of 5 years or 20 quarters yielded a drift rate of µT = -0.572, and a voliatility svT= 0.746.


4.1 Basic WUIs In order to support the construction of WUIs for a large class of applications, we only require that the application program supplies the WUI with the current state of the data and an operation to store the data modi.ed by the user.

the main operation to construct a WUI could have the type signature (remember that dynamic web pages are of type IO HtmlForm) mainWUI :: a -> (a -> IO HtmlForm) -> IO HtmlForm so that an expression of the form (mainWUI dstore) evaluates to a web page containing an editor that shows the current data d and executes (store d') when the user submits the modi.ed data d'.


Taking into account these assumptions, the probability that all n assignments in the sample are contained in the lower (100 - P )% of the population is computed as: P (AI)=( 100-P )n. As A and 100 AI are opposite events, the sum of probabilities that they occur is equal to 1: P (A)+ P (AI)=1.

the probability of the event A can be computed as: I 100-P n P (A)=1 - P (A)=1 - 100 We observe that the probability that a sample of random task assignments contains at least one of the P % of the best-performing assignment is independent of the population size (i.e.


Unfortunately, the community has not yet developed a multiprocessor scheduling algorithm with .nite speed competitive ratio for tasks that share resources on uniform multiprocessors.

in this paper, we present one and prove its performance.


The .elds() method of the View feature uses its parameter as the types of the .elds that will be returned.

it is possible to use the method in both ArrayList and LinkedList generators by passing the appropriate type as the argument.


When d =3, the 3-0, 1-2, and 0-3 cases all entail recursive calls, but only the 2-1 case causes a defective item to be deferred.

3p2q 2 D3 = p3D3 +3pq +q3D3 = = p. 1 - p3 - q3 For d = 4, the 4-0 and 0-4 cases both entail recursive calls, the 3-1 case entails a 3-defective recursive call and 1 deferral, the 22 case entails 2 deferrals, and the 1-3 case entails a 3-defective recursive call.


At a particular program statement s, the predicate transparent(E)should be true iff the value of the program expression in the meta-variable E cannot be affected by s.We take the obvious (but slightly conservative) approach of de.ning this to mean that none of the program variables occurring in the expression are changed by s, so for example a :=3 is transparent to b +c, but not to a +c (ignoring aliasing effects).

for the predicate transparent(E)and the statement a :=3, we need to generate a constraint for E that allows it to take on all possible program expressions that do not contain a.


Since LDPC code can e.ectively correct errors, the length of watermarks or codewords can be minimized.

images can retain high levels of quality.


Each execution of repOk re-initializes the state of the structure.

the structure is constructed with every repair action, which adds a quadratic effect on the runtime of STARC.


Therefore, the open-ended structure of the system was of paramount importance.

the front end was to provide information about the program that would be sufficient to support a wide class of SAT methods.


Their travel patterns are highly predicable and regular.

there is an opportunity to form recurring virtual mobile communication networks and social communities between these travelers or their vehicles in the form of vehicular social networks (VSNs) [1].


2.2 Nonuniform Quantization Schemes The .nite word-length of the soft information directly decides the size of memory, which plays a role to store the intrinsic and extrinsic messages and dominantly determines the overall implementation area in the partially parallel LDPC decoder.

the reduction of .nite word-length without signi.cant performance loss can decrease the hardware size which includes the computation logic and the memory banks.


Similarly, the introduction of a networking abstraction such as a low power listening MAC introduces a rather unpredictable use of the CPU and the radio device, possibly delaying other tasks.

the developer does not have complete control over the application, which makes it harder to ensure a bug-free program.


A generalpurpose VMcould embrace any workloads including multimedia, while the hypervisor regards the VM as a resource allocation unit without any knowledge about the tasks running on the VM.

it is hard for the hypervisor to decide how much CPU is allocated to a VM even when a user knows the exact demands for the desired multimedia quality.


or can be used as well within dynamic .nders.


Such optimizations are applied (in some cases) to enable vectorization.

the dynamic loop count of a run with and without vectorization are di.erent (refer to Table 8).


creating business document models, based on feature models it is necessary to perform a mapping between feature models and Core Components.

we discuss the mapping between CBFM and Core Components.


what conditions are being changed (variables, context, materials, etc.).

these three axes must be included in any set of terms used to characterize replications.


This broadcast is essential due to inherent nature of paralleliza tion of the programs, for example, since only one process is reading the data; all other processes must wait until they receive their data portions.

the communication overhead dominated the running time in multi-computers and the gain due to parallelization was limited.


However, deep expects input in a special .gen format.

we converted points-to constraints from LLVM IR into .gen format using a simple LLVM pass.