This approach was shown ef.cient and addressed the non-repudiation problems.

= = .. .. |.k||.b| w2 w2 j i,j j b,j Here .k × .b is the vector product of .k and .b, calculated by multiplying corresponding weights together.


The resulting target area contains 1-hour movement pattern of 1000 vehicles that travel inside the area.


Examples of such measures are k-Anonymity [4], l-Diversity [5] and (a,k)-Anonymity [6].

the simulated system stores over 35,000 customer records and allows submitting different kinds of queries for retrieving customer related data.


INTRODUCTION It is evident that the health of an individual signi.cantly a.ects her quality of life.

in SPA the servers might decide to reject a contribution from a particular user if that user submits too many ratings (above a reasonable number of conditions that an individual or family might have).


We implemented the ALUPUF in FPGA and demonstrated its good statistical properties and low hardware overhead.

since PUFs are physical structures that exploitside-e.ects in chip manufacturing, they typically possess alimited resilience against operational and environmental in.uences such as temperature, power supply variations or silicon aging e.ects.


After detection the entire packet plus m-1 subsequent packets is jammed.

a protection method working alongside the already de.ned and deployed communication primitives must be found.


5.3 RQ2:Accuracy ofACPExtraction In this section, we address the researchquestionRQ2ofhow effectively Text2Policy extracts ACP rules from ACP sentences.

our approach adapts NLP techniques and provides new analysis techniques to automate the process ofACPextraction, while their approach is manual.


As stated above, it is unclear that there is any bene.t to expressiveness beyond expressive enough, but past work does not even provide us with a method for ensuring that a scheme is expressive enough for an application.

furthermore, an implementation provides a recipe that describes how to use the scheme to satisfy the requirements of the workload.


Also available as an arXiv e-print at http://arxiv.org/abs/0803.3230.

s label to be either raised or lowered withoutfalling below S. In(Typ read), the effect of a value read from .


In this simulation the adversary has physical presence in at most 20% of the clusters.

where and how should the adversary hit, or equivalently how should the adversary allocate her resources in order to distort the most of the data collected by the victim network?


An ngram is any substring of length n. [4] Here the gram (which will be the composite of the substring) is a byte in hexadecimal form.

a truth table, also known as a confusion matrix, provides the actual and predicted classifications from the predictor.


DNSBL query results, S25R results verified by DNS reverse lookup, and the organization names for the corporation of each host from Whois query are collected.

we tested four techniques: content filter, SPF, DNSBL, and S25R.


A key cache is included to improve performance.

many .le systems place all .les in a directory in the same cylinder group to reduce seek time between them [18].


Because of this buffering problem, we will not use a signature amortization scheme.

for efficiency, the base station may distribute the next public key by authenticated broadcast using the old private key.


At the discretion of the EPC manufacturer, this value may be factory programmed and locked, thereby ensuring that tags have permanent unique identities and (theoretically) cannot be cross-copied.

we then re.ne our focus on how to apply these general results to EDLs and Passport Cards in particular.


LIMITATIONS Our CFCs are essentially linear checks against whitelists of allowed target addresses.

preventing Memory Error Exploits with WIT.


This is mainly due to the appearance of random edges or weak connections which connect di.erent communities, thereby forming large subgraphs mixed with di.erent fraud activities.

when receiving a phone call from a foreign party, the exit code is already contained in the incoming foreign number.


http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacysummary.pdf [26] Toahchoodee, M., Ray, I., Anastasakis, K., Georg, G., and Bordbar, B.: Ensuring Spatio-Temporal Access Control for Real World Applications, in Proc.

finger is less powerful than our system: Finger does not allow for the expression or evaluation of complex logical expressions and the access control language and engine are much less efficient, e.g., their engine requires 15.62 KB of Flash.


Choosing the appropriate alternative approach depends on the AMI network technology under consideration.

lastly, WAN is mainly responsible for the backhaul connectivity of the NAN to the headend system.


If |s|  1/2lk same length equals s with probability .Thus, > 1/2kl Prob[ C[l]((t,s;))] , which contradicts Lemma 3.

1We say that a secret is exposed when it becomes known to the adversary.


The setup server divides the n-bit key into r pieces of l-bit segments, where l = Llog2 q 'J and r = lnl l. For simplicity, we assume n = l · r. The setup server randomly generates rt-degree bivariate polynomials {fv(x, y)}v=1,··· ,r over Fq ' such that fv(x, y)= fv(y, x) for v =1, ··· ,r. The setup server then gives the corresponding polynomial shares on these r polynomials to each sensor node.

then the probability that exactly k shares on a particular bivariate polynomial have been disclosed is m!


There may be many DSMs that would correct a divergence, but we have several reasons to prefer one DSM over another.

our approach diagnoses the source of antiemulation behavior by comparing an execution of a sample on an emulation-based analysis tool to its execution on a more transparent reference system that would be impractical to use directly for analysis.


is vulnerable to redirection, and (2) the attacker-supplied shell code is executable.

rOPdefender: A detection tool to defend against return-oriented programming attacks.


Backwardsecrecy means that when a new user joins a group, he should not be able to read data created in the past.

steps 1 and 2 are member join operations.


Sellers are publishers who operate Web sites where ads can be displayed.

private and veri.able interdomain routing decisions.


The basic idea is analogous to the accent in human languages, in which the accent is essentially an identifier of a person s origin that is carried in communications.

the incomprehensiveness would not cause a security compromise, but a compatibility problem only cause a fail-stop, but not a security bug.


The longer a malicious code runs before it is detected, the more harm it can cause to the underlying system.

the norm parameters p and q regulate the sparseness of the weights.


If it detects an attempt to open the casing, it triggers zeroization of the DRAM (computation state), and battery-backed RAM (long-lived secret keys).

power Generation Scheduling by Lagrangian Relaxation.


AuthorKeywords Access control, policycreation  ACM Classi.cationKeywords D.4.6 Security and protection, K.4.3 Organizational Impacts, K.6.5Authentication   INTRODUCTION Effectively controlling access to resources within an organization is a challenging problem for access-control policy professionals.

if an incident occurs (e.g.,a.re)he trustsamuchlarger numberofpeopleto enter the lab (e.g., in order to shut down expensive equipment).


For example, t m ng-cr t cal codes are not good targets for obfuscat on, and obfuscat ng a publ cly ava lable funct on may not be necessary.

for any g ven source program, we can parse the source program and der ve two sets of code blocks and branches together w th the r relat onsh p. To obscure a program, a set of transforms Perm ss on to make d g tal or hard cop es of all or part of th s work for personal or classroom use s granted w thout fee prov ded that cop es are not made or d str buted for prof t or commerc al advantage and that cop es bear th s not ce and the full c tat on on the f rst page.


The mean of the latency distribution is 103ms, corresponding to an average of 277 packets issued (at 2700 pps) before the .rst one arrives.


It shows that PGP certificate graphs exhibit small-world characteristics.

this is not surprising, as these solutions are devised mainly for the traditional wireline networks.


Current operating system technologies provide better tools than previously available at measuring and governing software [34], but none can make the system impervious to rootkits without placing unreasonable restrictions on their operation.

with all of these rootkits, a successful compromise means that data is susceptible to exposure.


The encryption algorithm takes as input mpk, an n-length vector xx, a threshold value t and a message M. It outputs a ciphertext C T = Enc[xx, t, M ].


Opportunities and limits of remote timing attacks.

less expensive error-detection codes are proposed to be used as a countermeasure where parity bits are used to detect a fault.


We brie.y sketch how to calculate the cwnd for a .ow and how to handle packet loss and reordering.

it still requires some level of deployment.


Journal of Cryptology, 4(3):161-174, 1991.

since the simulator uniformly picks z in [(3, 2s[ and not in [me,2 ~ + me[, only a statistical indis- tinguishability can be achieved.


Result of the number with matching is sent to a client terminal.

2.2 Analyzing Personal Information Using Morphological Analysis Kataoka et al [7]-[10] researches whether personal information in user s diary which has already appeared on social network flows out or not by resolving each word with morphological analysis and by analyzing the diary and words in it with Wikipedia API that easily utilizes Wikipedia from the server as a database Though this method it becomes possible to judge whether a place name or landmark is written or not in the diary making use of enormous database of Wikipedia [3].


based on the unique device key and the TRS, the secure OS builds the root of trust for both secure services and the rich OS: the seal/unseal primitives providing implicit attestation mechanism and secure storage for secure services in the TEE, and the TPM service which provides rich trusted computing functionalities for the normal world.


We also embed watermark directly in signal domain but not necessarily in LSB bit-plane; it can be embedded in multiple contiguous bit-planes which make it more resilient to estimation attacks and increases it data-carrying capacity.

in the past few years, many new techniques based on encryption have been proposed including end-to-end authentication along the path towards the aggregator node or hierarchical peer-to-peer authentication with complicated dynamic key management schemes [10].


Fuzzy interference system is a competitive candidate to reduce the interferences.

each mission has its features respectively.


One can use such an approach to implement an expressive collusion-resistant AB-GKM scheme.

note that such a nonzero Y always exists as the nullspace of matrix A is nontrivial by construction.


Our focus has been on executable code that might be inserted into legitimate application binaries.

while we can observe the existence of this code, we cannot easily be sure that the code is a legitimately compiled version of an acceptable program, and not malicious code hiding in the data section of the JIT compiler.


Generally, image-based authentication can be divided into three categories based on their input methods: namely clickbased graphical passwords, choice-based graphical passwords and draw-based graphical passwords.

in the step of image selection, users are required to choose images in a story-sequence, while in the step of secret drawing, users are required to click-draw their secrets by using a series of clicks.


Results of experimental studies Scrambling Kñò pW yµ Classical 0,81 0,132 0,211 Virtual 0,89 0,094 0,164 Adaptive virtual 0,94 0,027 0,081 Table 1 shows that the value of K is exactly consistent with ñò the generally accepted parameters, such as legibility W and p redundancy µ , as the results of evaluating the effectiveness of y the methods of scrambling.

the situation is complicated by the fact that the natural unsteadiness of initial speech signal can not fully assess the effectiveness of the protection of audio information, as well as the importance of Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.


Finally, we refer to any key that is used just once as a nonce.

these enable the clients to verify the correctness of the streaming results they receive from the server, i.e., that they are untampered with (integrity)and up-to-date (freshness).


[10, 13] set up a 3-D hand database with the Minolta 900/910 sensor and they extracted 3-D features from .nger surface to identify a person s identity.

in the advanced mode, we plot a Radon graph and peak points are identi.ed.


[25] A. Sunyaev, A. Kaletsch, C. Mauro, and H. Krcmar.

they also bear new risks and raise challenges with respect to security and privacy aspects.


In our design, the browser s OpenIDemail support is indicated in the user-agent HTTP header by appending special text such as OpenIDemail/0.2.1 to this header.

the message format of the response from an IdP is identical to the one for the original checkid_immediate operation.


First, one would need to remove relatively few images to skew the statistics of the classi.er towards randomness, so doing this could have little e.ect on high success rate of humans found in Section 3.3.

2.2 Database To generate images for the captcha, we randomly select models from a large database of models, using randomly chosen viewing parameters.


The user itself can then be considered as an out-of-band chan 3In the literature, perfect forward secrecy is used, but note that perfect secrecy refers to information theoretic security, which is not achieved here.

performing such computations is not a problem.


ABE is typically described in two formulations.

the ABE-encrypted CCR can be written in the application s local .lesystem and remain self-protected due to the ABE encryption.


Thus, these systems operate under the assumption that derived data will be textually similar to a corpus of strings being protected.1 These approaches have the bene.t of detecting violations independent of how they were generated (thus even data manually entered from paper documents can be detected).

our aim is to show the general applicability of our approach rather than to demonstrate the best method for implementing it.


since the attack is based on stack smashing and is detected by RAS.

we only need to record the base address of the code section and the offset to the base address to identify a branch target.


CGP passwords were created more quickly with larger tolerance squares (T-51).

when the space bar is released, CGP uses the gaze density method to calculate the user s gaze-point (as above).


DFA is always fast, on the contrary, but it often exhibits an exponentially growing size (i.e., state explosion) compared to NFA, leading to prohibitive memory usage.

next for another input mn , segment 5 is matched correctly this time because segment 3 has been matched before.


Techniques associated with improving data anonymity in relatively static datasets have been successful.

references [1] Camenisch, J. and Groß, T. Efficient attributes for anonymous credentials.


REFERENCES [1] Brykczynski, B, and Small, S. Reducing Internet-Based Intrusions: Effective Security Patch Management.

in addition, the implementation of the wireless patch management and antivirus protection system assists in preventing the proliferation of viruses and worms to campus and internet systems.


In the .eld of disk benchmarking, Ganger [6] observed that interleaved workloads provided the most accurate approximation of recorded traces.

states(M), the transition function   If Y = (M, L, next), we use Labels(Y) to denote Labels(M), States(Y) to denote States(M), and Queries(Y) to denote Queries(M).


Efficient Certificateless Strong Designated Verifier Signature Scheme.

the proposed CL-SDVMS scheme is useful where a single document needs to be authenticated by a set of persons and applicable in various applications like decision making processes, petitions, workflow systems etc.


Key words: k-ary tree, revocation, hash function, vehicular ad-hoc network.

an efficient management of certificate revocation is crucial for the robust and reliable operation of VANETs.


The violation of privacy caused by the disclosed personal data, which means, the less data disclosure, the less risky of privacy threats.

in Proceedings of the 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS '09).


There is no user interaction in reading the tag, and no authentication of the reader takes place.

some social engineering attacks take place when someone takes a low paying job that permits access to a target system.


"Towards digital rights protection in BitTorrent-like P2P system", The 15th Multimedia Computing and Networking, vol.

in this paper, we propose a DRM system that is suitable for the Bit-Torrent environment to protect copyrights, and also improve Chen et al.


To achieve this, a PaaS architect needs to be able to easily create a runtime environment, and easily de.ne new accessible resources.

process separation and request delegation introduces additional data structures and memory overhead.


Brent Waters SRI International Menlo Park, CA bwaters@csl.sri.com get together and build a pirate decoder D. Then there is a tracing algorithm Trace that takes the public key PK as input and interacts with Das a black-box oracle.


We can prevent this evasion at the time to commit a VM, which will be presented in Section 2.4.

discarding the malicious clusters will not affect the internal inconsistency of benign working results.


Moreover, many native system libraries are mapped by default to the program memory space.

the Firewall Manager and the kernel-level MAC Manager are instructed by the Policy Manager to apply the corresponding rules to enforce the isolation on the network layer and the kernel layer.


Figure 1: Beta Distribution values 3.2 Beta Reputation As reputation is essentially an a posteriori estimation based on historic experiences (either direct or indirect), beta distribution has been recognized as a useful model to model reputation [21, 9, 3].

if the requester is considered inactive, a gives back its recommendation with a probability depending on di.


Despite this system consistently running a comparison on the different antiviruses, it does not provide detailed information on the exact response times to a specific piece of malware.

if the malware names are unrecognizable between vendors, the table will be able to provide a universal connections database for virus definitions across vendors.


At this point, a simple approach for correlation is to search for the occurrence of M within recent inputs.

our system successfully identi.ed the vulnerable buffer near the stack top.


While all participants had owned a smartphone for over six months, the length of ownership for their current devices ranged from 2 months to 3.5 years (µ = 16 months, s = 9.1).

: User attitudes towards smartphone sharing.


In this manner we obtain an automatic implementation of the permanent active cycle of security management and ACS applicable to practical IE (see Figure 5 for schema of the SICS).

existence of two areas V ±.V and .. TT V ±.V.


The client outputs the claimed result of Pi.

in a setting where messages between the players are digitally signed, the client can obtain a publicly veri.able proof that a server is cheating.


This mapping is ... ..GG .. as anelement of signs the certificate via the message authentication code, a hash of , yielding: .... using the regulator s private key ... ...... ..... ,.. .

owner s current certificate request and the regulator, the  5.


in our scheme, the controller can periodically broadcast an a message gets authenticated repeatedly in a hop-byhop fashion if it traverses multiple hops.


So there is a trace that can be produced by the system as follows: from the empty state we do state changes to enter the state in which we have auth(ui, pj ) .

we adopt the following rule with regards to the above predicates.


In this paper, we describe an e.cient method for detecting the replacement of access points (APs) by passive remote physical device .ngerprinting.

the accuracy degradation is very slight: using only 50 training samples, on average the accuracy is as high as 80% for true positives and 10% for false positives.


Finally, these strong association rules are returned to the data consumer in response to his request (line 14).

these approaches are mostly interested in increasing the ef.ciency of the mining process; ignoring thus the privacy concerns that may arise from building such global mining model.


[17] DA N N E R , N., KR I Z A N C , D., A N D LI B E R ATO R E , M. Detecting Denial of Service Attacks in Tor.

with ., dominating the reputation score responds very swiftly to sudden changes in the behavior of a relay.


The Dom0 kernel may, in effect, access any page of physical memory, because it controls devices that may perform DMA from any address.


(U -(assigned users(r))) ..ai .as(i) | as(i) (ai : vi) is an attribute of uj }.

there is more to the process than simply performing semantic matches.


,.1Phase We now describe the executions .2Phaseand the and A1Phase adversary strategies A2tPhase t .

so assume that there exists a two phase PSMT protocol with 0 <u = t wires in the bottom band and n =3t - u wires in the top band, tolerating At.Let .2Phase be an execution of the two phase PSMT protocol where S sends mes sage m.Let A2Phase t be an adversarial strategy in .2Phase .


Upon receiving this request, the Server chooses at random a value y, and calculates Y using the generator g. Meanwhile, it decrypts X with the password passwd from X*.

in practice, it takes two full round trips, as the client s call to the service has to be returned, even with an empty envelope for the last message.


In this case, he/she only needs his/her version of the content.

our simulations shows even the probabilistic approach works to trace traitors without harming innocent users.


The shorter the slots (shorter packets), the better the protection against responsive jamming, but more packets need to be successfully transmitted.

in Advances in Cryptology EUROCRYPT, volume 765/1994 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 274 285.


DISCUSSION We now discuss some of the relevant points that were not addressed in the above sections.

in many products, manufacturers are not careful in their implementations, and cause potential security vulnerabilities.


These may be dynamically constructed by the web application.

this technique also allows taint tracking to be performed on strings that use Java re.ection, unlike bytecode translation techniques.


INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Role-based access control (RBAC) has established itself as a solid base for today s security administration needs, as documented in the RBAC96 model [14] and the subsequent NIST standard proposal [2].

control Principles and Role Hierarchies.


CONCLUSION In the case of large organizations, the management of thousands of datasets is very common.

the user can perform the known access by querying the materialized view in the same manner as querying a database table: Selection, Projection, Join with other tables or materialized views.


At least a partial redesign of the role concept is necessary.

it is based on RBAC96 [4] and the NIST role standard draft [17].


Mockdroid [3] proposes modifying the Android OS so as to substitute private data with mock data such as constant values or null values when apps request it.

in response to this an alternative distribution channel has become popular -known as the Cydia Store -which also supports the distribution of apps that function outside of Apple s guidelines, for example those that use lower level capabilities than the public SDK o.ers in addition to OS tweaks and customizations.


Suppose we have the following users with corresponding attributes in table 6.

section 4 discusses the limitations of the proposed approach and section 5 concludes the paper.


For example, the temperature (T ) impacts leakage power exponentially, which means that the leakage power would have a large variation when the temperature varies due to IC activities or environmental factors.

scalable Segmentation-Based Malicious Circuitry Detection and Diagnosis.


the contents one wants to access and for that reason are called .ltering preferences.

we then create another subclass of each of these as PAll.


Skipping one frame seems sufficient for Windows Media Player 11, but not for Winamp 5, so there is some uncertainty about how many frames should really be skipped.

these methods all require access to the source audio file from which the MP3 is created.


fscommand is a bit different, it is used to communicate with the Flash projector or browser, not only JavaScript code but also command or shell code get executed under some certain circumstances.

copyright is held by the owner/author(s).


Checking the return address in a register avoids a potential timeof-check/time-of-use race if it were checked on the stack.

the main source of overhead results from the change in representation described in Section 4.3: our V8-64 port uses the representation of small integers from V8-32, and therefore stores integers larger than 231 as heap objects.


Algorithm for hoisting protection points.

protection points selection Func: SelectPP Input: AllWR write ranges set Threshold performance degradation constraint Output: Optimized write ranges set CompCostBenefit // WR.AllWR performance_degradation = .


4.1.2 Detection Methodology In our experiments, we run detection tests on samples of covert and legitimate tra.c.

we implement the corrected conditional entropy in the C programming language.


Allow luminance to change for about ±10%.


Building a MAC-based security architecture for the xen opensource hypervisor.

noHype still relies on a thin software layer to achieve the required protection and manage the hardware resources (e.g., page tables).


Therefore, even if an attacker manages to manipulate some pointers, these injected errors would likely be corrected by the remaining pointers in the memory during this global evaluation process.

in the cloud computing scenario, the virtual machine state has been loaded in memory, so scanning through the virtual machine memory is very fast.


If the updated ActivatedRoles list continues to satisfy RsM s policy, the access is allowed to continue.

our assumption is that the RsMs are behaving properly.


Other threats to be considered when introducing visual differences in the image filtering procedure include observation attack and description [9].

table 3: The number of key images correctly identified (out of four) in study two.


In Figure 4, all the subject type-permission assignments have real impact values of 0.

a constraint con.ict is an inconsistency between the access control policy and the constraints speci.ed to limit that policy.


This signi.cantly improved the traditional one-by-one detection approaches in the literature.

filter out the innocent players from the suspect coalition and identify the actual guilty players  The .rst step is equivalent to the well-known set-cover problem in theoretical computer science.


The second type of address space switching is due to the control transitions within NCKMS.

the evaluation results show that Barrier can well protect the kernel integrity without bringing una.ordable performance overheads.


For example,VMProtect eliminates thebranch statements and moves the valueof the .agsregistertoothergeneralpurposeregistersformanipulation.

categories andSubject Descriptors D.4.6[OperatingSystems]:SecurityandProtection InvasiveSoftware GeneralTerms Security  Keywords virtualization,deobfuscation, dynamic analysis 1.


This likelihood information can be used to improve the mapping process of the signature string to the WM objective function, thus increasing the WM strength.

to ensure solution correctness, almost all such techniques manipulate the original set of ILP constraints such that the new resulting constraints are more restrictive.


Remark: As stated in [12], the outputs of two surjective functions H1 and H2 are expected to be uniformly distributed, so that the entire elements of xi and yj could be used.


We suspect that a too narrow view on privacy might be the reason for the limited success of current privacy protection means.


hile this example ismainly intended to clarify the proposals of the previous section, we also make some substantive suggestions for trustbutverify implementations in general, particularly advocacyof role keys, carrier authority, and logging.

thatsystem comprises a general framework for webpage access control, so expressible policies are potentially more complicated than those we propose for web services.


61272012, Innovation Project (No.12ZZ013) of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, and Joint Project of SKLOLS.

sIGMA: The sign-and-mac approach to authenticated Di.e-Hellman and its use in the IKE-protocols.


Similarly, we reran all of the malicious inputs and measured which queries were blocked and reported.

in practice, techniques such as defensive programming have been less than e.ective in addressing the problem (e.g., [16, 17, 20]).


Combine opinions on different evidences of te together,  .

a recommendation can be expressed as rn =(rr, re,te,.,ct) , where it asserts that rr recommends re that rr holds the trust value .


In Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (May 1991).

based on this observation, we utilized the .ne-binned entropy estimation and the coarse-binned corrected conditional entropy estimation for covert timing channel detection.


In this scenario, an input device is compromised, and the attacker is able to leak typed information over the network.

the previous methods fail for detecting most of the tested covert timing channels.


The integrated strategies support C (compliance) with best practices and regulations, PSE (pure security effectiveness), and SET (security effectiveness tradeoffs).

[25] Weiss, S., Weissmann, O., and Dressler, F. 2010.


When a compiler compiles a C++ program, it emits suf.cient information for stack unwinding, since every stack frame needs to be searched to .nd a matching catch clause for a thrown exception object.

none of them is modular, meaning that dynamically linked libraries cannot be instrumented once and reused across programs.


[10] Z. Liu, J. Lee, J. Zeng, Y. Wen, Z. Lin, and W. Shi, Cpu transparent protection of os kernel and hypervisor integrity with programmable dram, in Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, ser.

if we launch ATRA without .ushing the TLB (although the attack may not be e.ective), the performance degradation becomes negligible.


It is necessary to allow genuine uses to utilize anonymous communication while having a mechanism to ensure their accountability.

however, if the user wants to add new segments from a new SP to the VSD, credentials can be generated dynamically as per the requirements that satisfy the SP s policies.


New ideas are not simply given credence for being clever, but must be supported with scientific evidence.

many experimental tests take a developed prototype or demonstration system and provides a narrow set of performance characteristics.


Authors proposed the effect of location on RBAC components and defined their model using Z specification language.

[20] provides a GEO-RBAC profile to X-GTRBAC [10], which is the policy specification language, based upon elaborate and consistent specifications of GTRBAC.


Node i should not get access to the multicast tra.c in G2 after it leaves the group.

[36] P. Bjorklund, P. Varbrand, and D. Yuan.


THE PROPOSED PROTOCOL In this section, we present our new probabilistic SBD protocol (denoted as SBDp) based on the standard binary conversion algorithm.

for 1024-bit key size (i.e., K = 1024), the probability for SBDp to produce correct output in the .rst run is approxi - 100 2924 mately e 1.


We constructed an inter-organizational WFMS, called SALSA [4], by implementing new design-time tools and extending an existing distributed CORBA-compliant workflow runtime engine, OrbWork[6] from University of Georgia.

the workflow security server (WSS) is a tool for achieving this goal.


Thus, in [6] they provide a makeup solution called vtPath to detect certain attacks missed previously by considering more program information.

in our experiments, we use 5 different input data sets in training runs to gather the basic block profile Table 1.


Still, roughly 1% of the strengthened passwords remain vulnerable to a PCFG-based attack even with the stronger initial password.

the di.erential in the percent of recoverable passwords is slight, particularly if two edits are used.


Measuring the similarity between two sets of roles is a signi.cantly more complex task than measuring the similarity between two roles.

our approach does not consider separation of duty constraints and it is not clear what e.ects this migration will have on the existing separation of duty constraints.


By the construction of the chase, we know that () ('yodod do is a tuple of the relation of J, since ()is a tuple of ( the relation of J.

jis such that IJis the result Aon of chasing Iwith Est.


The speci.cation of the policy in a separate .le simpli.es the process of changing the policy even while the API functionalities are invoked (it is su.cient to reload the .le) without the need of re-compiling the code.

third-party service providers (such as the operators in the Operations and Market domains) can access data according to the policies of consumers and the CDC, while constraining access to the data derived from their elaboration of smart metering data according to the contracts stipulated with users.


As an example, if a program is found attempting to violate a security setting, the user will not be prompted to permit the action: the action will simply be denied.

the NAND .ash has a limited number of write/erase cycles before it ceases to function and requires replacement, meaning a piece of malicious code that wears down the chip can cause the laptop to be unusable until trained hardware intervention in this case, part replacement is performed.


Under the RCS model, the number of infected hosts I(t) at time t after the worm is released is very closely approximated by the exponential function I(t) = a t , for some constant a, up until the population saturates.


2.1 Specifying Flow Policies The set of all flow policies between labels of (generic) type L is defined by ~[L], the set of all reflexive re- lations.

to their first character: abacus is given as a, and so forth.


This information is then used in the second step of the protocol in Figure 2 to validate POST requests.

bayawak does not address cross-origin requests or URLs that are dynamically created on the client-side.


The results show that of 70% distinct source /24s are within 20% pre.xes and that 80% of distinct source /24s are located in 18% ASes.

the top tier providers are tier-1 or tier-2 ISPs.


The virtual counter ID and value, which are assigned to an MTM state, are used to derive the encryption key KState for this particular state.

we used the open-source SLOCCount1 tool for the measurement of the lines of code.


Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 118:179 188, 2012.

of Computer Science NC State University NC State University NC State University aadavis@ncsu.edu ashdharan@ncsu.edu qliu10@ncsu.edu William Enck Anne McLaughlin Benjamin Watson Dept.


Each set of tasks included one training task which gave participants experience with the module used, and four other tasks (Task1, Task2, Task3, and Task4).

tools designed to reduce the workload of users should not only make access control systems easier to use but also reduce the occurrence of these user errors.


When we .nd that an active loop has been previously whitelisted, but no progress has been made, the system extends the whitelist to include the next enclosing loop.

as a result, the call edge between f and g is no longer live.


The data rates typical of current and emerging cellular (128 kbps -2 Mbps) and wireless LAN (2 Mbps -60 Mbps) technologies are indicated in the .gure.

[29] D. W. Carman, P. S. Krus, and B. J. Matt, Constraints and approaches for distributed sensor network security, Tech.


Presentation at CanSecWest, french article also published in the proceedings of SSTIC 2005 Vuln´erabilit´es applicatives li´ees `a la gestion des limites de m´emoire .

it is often avoided on low cost embedded systems for the following reasons: .rst it is usually di.cult to predict the worst case memory usage, which can quickly lead to memory exhaustion on these systems; second, memory fragmentation is a serious problem for architectures without Memory Management Unit.


An application example of using the notation to identify privacy vulnerabilities is given.

such linking may facilitate compiling the PDFC to obtain an aggregate picture of privacy risks.


Consequently, in order to provide e.ective resource management, it is inevitable to adopt various cryptographic capabilities for managing resources in RBAC systems.

this label labi,j can be used to realize special functions such as designation, revocation, and tracing.


designed to explore some of the issues related to designing such a policy using intent-based rules.

it generally only includes files that contain user-generated data.


In the worst case, this algorithm does not decrease the blowup in the size of the obfuscated database.

the ith record of the obfuscated database (1 = i = N)has the form (vi1 , wi1 , vi2 , wi2 , .


Assuming ngerprints are equiprobable, this corresponds to log2(1 × 10 80 ) * 265 bits of entropy.

by using a Reed-Solomon decoder, a valid user can now unlock the vault in 1 or 2 tries, while an attacker can still do no better than a brute-force attack.


However, access conditions certainly cannot represent arbitrary path conditions.

we de.ne three con.ict resolution strategies: FirstMatch, Deny-Override and AllowOverride.


These applications provide useful features to the user and can sometimes be downloaded for free from the market.

the next rule allows information to .ow between this application and the www.myphr.com repository only if the sensitivity level of the data is con.dential or lower and between 08:00 and 17:00 hours.


We do not consider in-network aggregation; in our model, trusted base stations are the only aggregation points.

a related primitive is the count, which is like the sum, except that each node contributes 0 or 1 to the total.


Author Keywords Security; CAPTCHA; World Wide Web; Empirical Methods; Quantitative Usability Testing and Evaluation; User Studies; ACM Classi.cation Keywords K.6.5.

white space represents feature interactions that are meaningless as they create impossible to solve captchas, for example, black text on black background.


In Proceedings of the 13th ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies, pages 155 164.

platform access control mechanisms need to be used to control the behavior of the information .ows.


This policy is offered at a ten percent discount with respect to policy 1.

such use of information can be desirable.


A reasonable trust model might be: CA= {Alice:} Ia = {?

bob does not want Alice to learn which of the two values was requested.


This is analogous to what happens with related-key attacks (RKAs) and thus, as with the formalization ofRKA securityfrom[4],Halevi andKrawczyk[13] parameterize the advantage and de.nition of KDM security for tweakable blockciphers by a class F of functions.

e.cient instantiations of tweakable blockciphers and re.nements to modes OCB and PMAC.


We begin with a one-time preparation step.

2.2 AH AH, as speci.ed in [14], provides an integrity protection service and,in combinationwith sequencenumberchecking, a replayprotectionserviceforIPpackets.


Since large subsets of URL tokens are likely to reappear in future URLs, and since the overlap is small, it is possible to detect phishing URLs by lexically analyzing previously seen phishing URLs as future phishing URLs are likely to re-use previously seen tokens that appeared in older phishing URLs.

the process is repeated until the Phishiness is calculated for each token in a given suspect URL.


Even so, Table 5 shows that the certifying algorithm for maximum .ow outperforms the lower bound by orders of magnitude.

we note here that, contrary to BFS, the certifying approach can be naturally applied for weighted graphs see Relation 1.


Our framework fails to encompass cheater detection or identi.cation [11, 34], where the adversary is capable of obstructing recovery but incapable of forcing the recovery of a bogus secret.

tHEN IF (x= K[i] C[i]) THEN Hash[x] .H[i] ELSE IF (c,i)=(g1,g2) THEN Ki Ci .x; Yx .Y ; Yx[i] .Ki ; L.RecoverPSS (Yx) RETURN Hash [x] when (c,i) is equal to (g1,g2),adversary B2 records the candidate key as L.When A has terminated, adversary B2 returns Land halts.


For a non-participant we de.ne the view to be the output of the distributed protocol.

i=0 it follows from an averaging argument that .i, 1 = i = k : ** * b * (k)-b(l-1) B({a1,...,al-1}.


However, it should not be possible for any app on a device to mark standalone binary .les as executable, as this opens up the possibility to download any .le from the Internet and execute it.

to mark a binary as executable, the chmod utility, i.e.


Our tool will retrieve relevant attack patterns of a certain threat categories, sorted from most relevant and useful to least relevant and useful.

cIA STRIDE weight assignment (1 = Low, 2 = High) STRIDE CIA Weight table (WMot)  WC WI WA  S 2 1 1 T 1 2 1 R 1 2 1 I 2 1 1 D 1 1 2 E 2 1 1  4.4 Retrieving Relevant Attack Patterns Using Keywords We are also implementing a feature to allow users to search for relevant attack patterns using one or more keywords.


Each of our privacy notions is de.ned in two variants, re.ecting that adversaries might of might not have a copy of the signing key.

= 1 CONF[-FKE],b is negligible in ., where Exp(.


[7] Eskin E, Arnold A, Prerau M, Portnoy L and Stolfo L (2002) A geometric framework for unsupervised anomaly detection: Detecting intrusions in unlabeled data.

4th Workshop on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID).


Since .2J pg(i) =0, pg(i)is the optimal static importance-scanning strategy that minimize Y .

(21) L N- 1 i=1 P P ` P ´2 m 2 m m Since pg(i)· 12 = pg(i) by Cauchy-Schwarz i=1 i=1 i=1 P m 2 1 (i) = Inequality, i=1 p g .


Assuming this web application is hosted at http://www.domxss.com, a URL such as http://www.domxss.com/#name=Alice would work as developer intended and print Hi Alice in the web page.

wehavetestedourtaint-tracking policy against publicly disclosed attacks and examples of DOMbased XSS attacks.


In 2nd ACM Workshop on Scalable Trusted Computing (STC), 2007.

the veri.cation of the RIM certi.cate during the installation of new packages required on average 869.750ms with a standard deviation of 645.313ms.


new VMs can be instantiated until one is placed co-resident with the target VM.


Hence, in the rest of the section we propose an alternate characterization for perfect privacy where we eliminate the universal quanti.cation over the domain of tuples.

nevertheless, we are only interested in speci.c containments.


With forward safety below we express that unless a is already authorized to c, authorizing b to c after a is authorized to b does not grant a authorization to c. From the standpoint of intuitive appeal, we see forward safety as the natural counterpart of forward availability.

, xk) is true, where we assume that p s arity is k. For example, in an authorization system that has the auth, dAuth and dUnauth predicates only, a state is a collection of auth(x, y), dAuth(x, y) and dUnauth(x, y) that are true.


3.2.2 EnhancementstoHigh-orderMimicFunction The high-order mimic function is a powerful evasion technique against statistical anomaly detection, because it ensures the transformation of any data into legitimate symbol sequences with ap 1In theory, the constant RM can be very large.

in the byte frequency distribution test and entropy test, the mimicry output produced by the mimimorphic engine falls within the ranges of normal executable .les.


The running times from our experiments are shown in the following table, where times are cumulative times given in seconds.

it can be seen that the SecureFnPrivate interface provides exactly those methods that allow the originator to perform operations that no remote host should be allowed to do.


The proposed metric relies on RBAC entities,userattributes(e.g.which organizationalunitthey belong to),permissions(e.g.frequencyofuse) and otherhigh level information (e.g.

algorithm 1 provides the following steps: Lines 3 6: Among the users assigned to level-(k -1) roles, those assigned to level k children are removed from UA, thus updating the actual support.


Sections 2.1 2.3) provides a basis for this alignment:  Identify relevant event sources The customer needs to identify possible approaches to detect and analyze security incidents.

because of the wide range of possible incident scenarios, it is unlikely that standard mechanisms will be su.cient in all cases.


All participants tried hard to increase both individual password scores and overall score.


this shows our approach is useful in practice.


Thus, if enb(tn) |= au AUx holds, then enb(tn+1) |= au AUx also holds.

we conjecture that, such a transformation framework will help service providers specify their behavior expectations in the form of a concrete policy.


The most effective transformation was version M7 that used all of the transformation rules and NOP as the NFI instruction.

the current to data dependencies, and as a result the DPA attacks, are not efficiently supported by the software technique.


Copilot aCoprocessor-basedKernelRuntimeIntegrity Monitor.In Proceedings of the13thUSENIXSecurity Symposium,2004.

we cannot measure KOP s coverage based on the fraction of correctly identi.ed objects.


P0 and hence, by Constraint 8, RE (p)= R(p).

it has been observed that these assumptions have a number of inconvenient consequences [7, 11].


Thus, they do not provide a fully distributed key management.

at this point, we assume that the physical locations of the mesh routers are selected in such a way that physical capture of these nodes becomes hard.


This eases the attribution of business meaning to roles elicited by any existing role mining algorithm, and reduces the problem complexity.

a new role mining framework to elicit business roles and to mitigate enterprise risk.


The rest of this paper is organized as follows.

if a memory page concurrently exists in two page lists, legitimate Xen code will violate memory isolation by concurrently mapping the same memory page to two di.erent guest VMs.


The above formula says that a subject is authorized to access an object if and only if both are still part of the group since the object was added (indicatedby S temporal operator).

the DCP is concerned with the challenges involved when a coalition is dynamically formed, for example, in response to a crisis.


File System by replacing the directory listing handler routines with its own ones.

our current prototype continuously monitors those kernellevel memory-writing instructions and checks whether they are attempting to modify protected kernel objects.


4.2 Procedure Before the study, the participants were given reading materials and papers describing the tasks to be completed.

suppose a new application with complex operations is to be installed, administrators would face the same problem.


Our veri.er is robust in the sense it can verify many more optimizations, including those we have not implemented.

in our implementation for data con.dentiality, esp is sandboxed to stay in the data region and ecx is sandboxed to stay in the code region.


Contrary to popular belief, SVG .les should thus not be considered to be plain images or animations, and it is necessary to treat them as fully functional, one-.le web applications capable of potentially containing HTML, Java-Script, Flash and other interactive code structures.

with the integration of SVG capabilities into modern browsers, this strict parsing approach got amalgamated with their more tolerant way of processing HTML, CSS, JavaScript and the like.


This implementation achieved the best performance for a number of secure computations, such as private set intersection [18] and biometric identi.cation [20].

a This means if Alice knows both inputs, then she also knows the output.


The goal of the experiments is to demonstrate the e.cacy of the two attacks described in Section 3.

consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 53(2):653 660, may 2007.


For example, by containing an ACE granting a group access to a file followed by an ace denying the group all other accesses, the ACL ensures that a member of that group receives just the granted accesses and no more.

6 RELATED WORK The work presented here is an evolutionary step from the access control model in Windows NT 4.0.


Because the proposed framework requires additional information to be transmitted by the Owner to both Publishers and users, we store all such information into a directory server (which can also be shared among different Owners belonging to the same domain or to federated ones), to limit the overhead that these operations require.

by using the information in qt and r, u can verify that he/she receives all the portions of Vd(u)answering query q.


Data extraction: The LinkedIn pro.le contains rich information about one s educational history that is useful in identifying a target.

our simulation also shows that it does not require extensive resources or e.orts to successfully conduct attributed-based attacks to hurt user s privacy online.


Without the added rules, the answer of authorization (john, file2, read) and.authorization(john, file2, read) are both no according to the semantics of GCLP [5], which actually means the answer is unknown.

based on GCLP and DLP, our language can specify access control policies supporting positive and negative authorization, privilege delegation and revocation, prioritized authorization conflict handling and mutual authorization exclusions.


INTRODUCTION Science can be seen as a cycle of hypothesis, collection of experimental results, and analysis to re.ne or refute the original hypothesis.

most any study that can be done in the traditional way can be translated to the model proposed by demons.


6.3 Impact of memory access locality on performance To obtain a more clear relationship between the runtime footprint and the PTE invalidation penalty, we performed a microbenchmark with a varying runtime footprint size.

on the right side is the virtualized page table which the operating system can modify.


V (x1, x2) = ej }, where ej = sup ß(x, x ' , t).

an n-dimensional pipe is a sequence of segments .


CONSTRAINTS AND COMBINATIONS 4.1 Constraint Formulation We now describe the method used to extract constraints of the various types, out of a given key-similarities matrix Mi,j obtained in previous stages of the attack.

if rank(i, j)= N and rank(j, i)= N then they are very dis-similar and we infer a DIST constraint Ki Kj .


This gives us con.dence that, by being able to observe enough people sur.ng the web, SpiderWeb could reliably detect any malicious redirection graph.

other parts of these URLs will be the same.


Therefore, we analyse the average pattern length, the number of direction changes when drawing patterns, the start points, end points and sub-patterns with length one to four nodes.

if random characters have been set as password, it is highly likely that the user will fail to fully remember the sequence [8].


Moreover, DBI platforms such as Pin [19], DynamoRIO [8] and Valgrind  [22]provide a convenient API that greatly simpli.es the development of new instrumentations (also called tools).

our runtime checks on indirect targets will stop any attempts to jump to such instructions.


2.3.1 Partial private key extraction The ancestor Et-1 (including the PKG) of each entity Et at the level t = 1, extracts the partial private key Dt using his partial private key Dt-1 (previously acquired from his corresponding ancestor) and his secret value xt-1 as follows: Qt = H1(ID1 ID2 ... IDt) t X Dt = Dt-1 + xt-1Qt = xi-1Qi (1) i=1 Then, Et-1 sends to each entity Et its partial private key Dt over a secure and authenticated channel.


The desire to increase the rigor of largescale computer and network security studies extends to all three of these steps: an improved understanding of the situation leads to better hypotheses, improved collection and sharing of data increases the scope of the studies that can be done, and improved analysis techniques lead to deeper insights and more useful results.

new blocks can be dynamically added to nodes, as well, though we rely on access control, trusted peers and signed code to secure the implementation of the blocks.


Performance study with our implemented prototype system was conducted in a closed 100Base-TX network, which consists of a Linux server hosting an RP and an AR, and a Windows client machine as a user platform.

pre-updates are triggered by an access request based on a policy.


[15] Apple Inc. iPhone User Guide for iOS 5.1 software, 2012.

it Figure 6: Apps receive di.erent treatment by users.


How could an adversary deploy her forces in order to have the highest possible impact?

in every simulation, the attacker was provided with a number of compromised nodes and a number of cryptographic resources.


Finally permissions must be assigned to the UID.

many OS and security properties are inherited from the underlying Linux architecture.


When the Algorithm stops set EXP s is equal to {Enc(tg1,K1)/Enc(tg2,K2)/Enc(tg3,K1)[/Sec- Info Node-Info[@Name=Enc(Att,K1)]/Query-Info/id[@Value= PI(IT) ]]; Enc(tg1,K1)/Enc(tg2,K2)/Enc(tg3,K3)[/Sec-Info//Node- Info[@Name= Enc(Att,K3)]/Query-Info/id[@Value= PI(IT) ]].

then, 1) P is not able to read information in P S. 2) there does not exist a node n in d such that n .


: Pr(m|attack) · Pr(attack) Pr(attack|m) = (1) Pr(m) Observe that Pr(m) can be desregarded because we only care about the ratio of Pr(attack|m) and Pr(nonattack|m).

they can estimated from the training data, locally to each node.


To prevent such code injection attacks, researchers have proposed a large number of techniques, such as vulnerability-based signature (e.g., [1] ), exploit-based signature [2, 3], and nonexecutable memory (e.g, PAX [4]); and they all rely on the fact that malicious executable code will be received from outside.

based on this fact, several defense mechanisms have been proposed to detect the ROP malicious code.


Provos created the idea of a personality engine for honeyd [10].

an administrator could choose some less sensitive numbers that would be representative of numbers that would belong in the phonebook of the CEO.


4.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Frederick Sheldon for organizing this workshop and being so patient about our submission!

cOTS software like Linux or Windows is far too large and complex to make rigorous validation practical.


In that case, the code will need to be encrypted, as the numbers must remain secret.

the treatment of sessions is important for web application integrity.


Section 7 discusses the robustness of DBSpam against potential evasions.

it has been proved that SPRT minimizes the average number of required observations to reach a decision among all sequential and nonsequential tests, which do not have larger error probabilities than SPRT.


AFS went one step ahead of NFS by enabling cross-cell .le sharing.

if a CA is not present, EFS self signs the public keys.


Breakable-by-subject override rules are used in cases where only certain members of a role have all necessary competencies to perform the breakable task.

bound tasks must be assigned to the same subject or role in order to ensure the satis.ability of the corresponding business processes (see, e.g.


Compatibility: our system should not impose restrictions on untrusted modules.

[17] V. Kiriansky, D. Bruening, and S. Amarasinghe.


a certain node v, and the labeling function L; the output is a yes-or-no answer that indicates whether AG, L, v |= f holds.

1.1.2 Formal Framework We develop formal tools for expressing and verifying purposebased policies.


The link between the used parameters in each model was described in the preceding sections, thus any fuzzy extractor is also a cs-fuzzy extractor.

the ability to track users across multiple databases is an example of this threat.


This allows us to signi.cantly reduce the amount of tra.c on which .ne-grained analysis such as DPI is applied.

first, if one of these two handshake packets is sampled, we can easily identify the .ow direction.


Introduction to di.erential power analysis and related attacks, 1998.

this involves an exponential time complexity and is computationally prohibited.


[20] P. Payet, A. Doup´e, C. Kruegel, and G. Vigna.

we enhance Crawljax with two important functions, which are elaborated below.


The di.erence is that we do not directly execute the PDP s code and instead work with its speci.cation.

the policy grants access to a subject X if X is an owner or has a (transitive) delegation chain from an owner.


By taking advantage of this intrinsic nature of packed executables, one could potentially extract the hidden binary code or its equivalent as a raw memory dump.

in Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Security Symposium, August 2003.


Exhaustive search of 2c×k values is equivalent to searching for all possible keys in a symmetric-key cryptosystem (for example DES, AES or Blow.sh).

furthermore, adding such a small number of bits in the SSL handshake does not have a signi.cant impact on performance.


The number of automata in M2 is 37% smaller than the number of automata in M. M3 has 7 permissions automata, 5 objects automata, and the observer automata, thereby in total 13 automata.

syntactically, timed-automaton T A is a 6-tuple < L, l0 , C, A, E, I > where: L is a set of nodes, l0 is the initial node, C is a set of clock variables, A is a set of synchronized actions, E is a .nite set of directed edges depicting transitions between nodes.


[19] D.J.Pearce,P.H.J.Kelly,andC.Hankin.Ef.cient Field-SensitivePointerAnalysisforC.In Proceedings of the 5thACMSIGPLAN-SIGSOFTWorkshop onProgram AnalysisforSoftwareTools and Engineering(PASTE),2004.

an edge from pointer x to pointer y means that any object pointers that can be derived from y are also derivablefromx.


Coordination of international and national security standards and regulatory documents can be implemented in the same way.

both information extracted from a domain as a modeling result and expenses are turned to be lost for other tasks.


For example, depending on the personality we want to assume, we can easily con.gure the value of HTTP headers that are transmitted with each request (e.g., the User-Agent header), the settings of JavaScript attributes (such as the navigator object and its properties), and the handling of certain HTML and Java-Script features and capabilities that are implemented differently in different browsers (e.g., event handlers are registered using the addEventListener() function in Firefox and the attach-Event() function in Internet Explorer).

without the contribution of useful features, the anomaly score of seven samples would be below the threshold (i.e., they would be false negatives).


A Note on Two Problems in Connexion with Graph Theory.

the set of labeled edges translate into a set of linear constraints on the cost: b(e) - c(e) =-1 if e is to be kept, (11) b(e) - c(e) = 1 if e is to be cut.


For =Xi N (a, d2), it is well-known that rms(f ) 1.253 · d/ n. We have calculated that, for k 8 n, rms * (f , k) = a · rms(f ) where = a 1 + 0.101k2 .

note that the median corresponds to behave as follows: x(pn) -N a + zp d = , n p(1 - p)d2 n <(zp)2 as n -=, -1 = the case p = 1/2.


This subsequently led to the idea that an intensive risk assessment experience could help these school corporations approach security in a more systematic and sustainable fashion.

risk determination is clearly tied to magnitude of impact .


Here we omitted the technical details of proving the equality or inequality of two discrete logarithms, which is proposed in Section 3.2 [11].

note this step and step 4 are actually the generation of a (t, n) threshold signature [16].


It is often argued that the news media plays the role of watchdog over government operations.

the Media and Privacy: Friend, Foe or Folly?


To achieve this we use a trivial padding by attaching a required number of 0 s to make the last message block 1024 bits, and always introduce an addition message block at the end that contains the length of M only.

merkle-Damgård (MD), based on iterating a compression function.


The code writers can acquire protection software and try (locally) the e.ectiveness of their malicious code.

a reasoable approach would be to use the good characterstics of each of these approaches into a more elaborate distribution system.


Most watermark- ing algorithms have this property.

for example, in proof-of-ownership applications, it is common for large artistic works such as feature films and music recordings to have several creators, and several lay- ers of distributors and retailers.


In crowded public areas it is strongly recommendable to use strong phone locking, since the risk of the device getting stolen or lost is rather high.

iNTRODUCTION Modern mobile computers incorporate more and more functionalities merging the roles of traditional cellphones and personal computers.


ARCHITECTURE In this section we describe our architecture.

they have introduced a distinction between policy goals, which are traditionally high-level and abstract, and enforcement mechanisms, which de.ne a usable structure for creating an implementation.


The key idea is to generate and use public keys based on publicly available information which can be used to uniquely identify users.


To implement this system, we modi.ed the permission management component of Android operating system.

iEEE Security & Privacy, 7(1):50 57, 2009.


AmazonIA: When Elasticity Snaps Back Sven Bugiel*, Stefan Nürnberger*, Thomas Pöppelmann , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi* , Thomas Schneider* *System Security Lab / CASED, Fraunhofer SIT, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Darmstadt, Germany ABSTRACT Cloud Computing is an emerging technology promising new business opportunities and easy deployment of web services.

our attacks can be used to completely compromise several real web services offered by companies (including IT-security companies), e.g., for website statistics/user tracking, two-factor authentication, or price comparison.


Finally, some approaches leverage recent browser security extensions to contain scripts.

we describe the design and implementation of JSand, and we show that it is secure, backwards compatible, and that it performs su.ciently well.


Because the number of computational parties is independent of the number of input owners and output recipients, in cases of both single client computation outsourcing and secure collaborative computation it is possible to .nd three independent computational parties which are unlikely to collude with each other.

including smcoutput(x,1) for private x will instruct the compiled program to output shares of x into a .le which at the end of the computation is sent to output party 1.


It s likely that they are also using their proprietary mechanism to verify the integrity of these .les; however, CodeShield is unable to tell and will block these .les.

in ACMCCS 10, pages 440 450, New York, NY, USA, 2010.


Unfortunately, none of the available deniable .le systems provide a solution for the scenario proposed earlier in this section, where an adversary obtains access to a laptop and also records communication.

dropbox is a very powerful tool for collaboration: users do not suffer delays introduced by the network, since they always access a local copy; updates are sent and received in background and users are quickly noti.ed when the content of a shared .le changes.


Thus, our 7.2 Parameter Generation scheme remains the same security properties as of BSW s The security of CBE scheme is based on the RSA and scheme, i.e., semantically secure against chosen plaintext CDH assumptions.

weneglect theoperations in Z.. ,the hash function .. : {0, 1} * .


To merge BNF rules of matched record sequences, Tupni simply creates a new alternation rule that includes all record types in the old rules.

for example, there are 127 virtual .elds in the PNG test.


[18] S. Sumpf, J. Brakensiek, Device Driver Isolation within Virtualized Embedded Platforms, In Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications & Networking Conference, USA, January 2009.

[8] G. Coker, Xen Security Modules (XSM), 3rd Xen Summit, , IBM T.J. Watson, 2006.


There was no statistically signi.cant di.erence in initial behavior when considering only the strongest friendship.

similar to Figure 4, none of the groups describing screen locking follow a pattern as data usage increases.


The most straightforward approach consists in providing the sandbox with full Internet access.

in this paper we are interested in evaluating the e.ciency of our method at correctly leveraging useful traces to generate usable models, and thus we choose to clean the dataset from these spurious traces.


Such knowledge can contribute to the decision whether a branch is of interest and its nodes should be expanded or not.

if this server is unavailable, Virut s activity is limited to spreading.


j. M. Orset, B. Alcalde, and A. Cavalli [13] proposed an EFSM-based IDS that uses specifications of routing protocol OLSR to detect anomalies in Ad Hoc networks.


We found that exedit distance provided a useful balance between these two approaches: it is general enough that it ignores instancespeci.c variations due to constants and other non-executable bytes, but detailed enough that it can capture the subtle functional variations.

this paper develops and demonstrates a methodology for automatically identifying and quantifying shellcode similarity, and for using this data to create a shellcode phylogeny for a given vulnerability.


Thus, they cannot in.uence the behavior of the interrupted handler (e.g., hypercall).

interrupt Remapping Fault Evaluation This case is very similar to the NMI injection attack in the sense that the attacker can spawn a partially controllable host-side hardware fault by fabricating unexpected conditions.


Hence, the attacker can enter the of.ce and take the resource.

in section 2, we discuss related approaches, and the differences with the present framework.


6.1 The Model preA0 As presented in [18, 19], most traditional access control models can be expressed in preA0 model, in which an authorization decision is determined by the system before the access happens, and there is no update for subject or object attributes.

a behavior is a state sequence:  Based on this, we can de.ne past temporal operators similar to the future ones: (Has-always-been), + (Once), 8 (Previous), S ( Since).


The runtime adds additional entries to the writer set map as the module executes and gains additional capabilities.

loki relies on tagged memory, and also relies on HiStar s simple kernel design, which has no complex subsystems like network protocols or sound drivers in Linux that LXFI supports.


n result for the value of a,suchas0 = a = 10.

dI method is basically an Intrusion detection system(IDS) based on feature based data clustering followed by identi.cation of normal and anomalous clusters.


Also credential expressions are modeled as Boolean formulae in disjunctive normal form, where each clause is contained into the cred-exp element, and then wrapped into the cred-exps element.

let us consider, for instance, an XML document containing 100 instances of an item element.


sealedHash The cryptographic hash of the .le as it was when it was last closed, kept sealed in the protection group s public key.

oVERVIEW Computing systems are designed to manipulate data.


Characterization of Receiver Response to a Spoo.ng Attacks.

airworthiness depends not only on the component itself, but also on the severity of the overall outcome taking into account crew actions.


For example, in a certain scenario, a policeman might need to know the identity and other attributes of a suspect from the holder that would enable him to make more accurate decisions in the .eld.

iNHERENT PRIVACY ISSUES OF LTE Although the LTE architecture announced improved privacy, there are still three main issues [4, 13, 14].


ThePCIe  16 14 12 10 8 6  Throughput (Gbit/s) Throughput (Gbit/s) 0 1248 1248 Number of Processes Number of Processes (a) Aggregate (b)Per-process Figure9: GPUthroughput with anincreasing number ofCPU-processes up to the number of cores.

each processing thread handles a speci.c .ow in isolation.


A highly privacy-preserving table would make misusing the data much harder.

a novel intrusion detection system model for securing web-based database systems.


Research suggests that building a response team should involve many different organizational departments such as legal and public relations [14].

a skilled attacker can sometimes aware of the same tools.


The OS could grant the same lock to two different threads at the same time, introducing data races with unpredictable (and potentially harmful) results.

for example, to protect data con.dentiality, an application can encrypt data with its public key before asking the OS to write the data to disk.


We measure and analyze the costs of our approach in Section 7.

we extended Morcos Principal class to support SPKI threshold (conjunction) principals and Lampson s quoting principals.


InProceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp.

in: Proceedings of the 12th ACM international conference on Ubiquitous computing, Ubicomp 10, pp.


4.2 16BPerformance Analysis We conduct performance analysis through our implementation which is developed based on [8].

the method of proving security is described in [7].


For example, if a user is logged into Facebook in the Web browser, whenever the users visits a Website with a Facebook like button, Facebook is noti.ed.

clearly, a standalone third party application is more desirable and will reach a wider audience.


Assume that the supplier follows a lot-for-lot production policy; he cannot accommodate lot streaming and delivers the entire production batch after its completion.

for the supplier we have fA = 1000 $/unit, hA = 3 $/unit and c = 150.000 units.


The human body has ten times more microbes than human cells.

modules cannot be prevented from writing into their own allocated memory areas, which requires the hypervisor to keep track of them.


(8), the LQR action u(t) is given by T -1 T u(t) = -(BSB + P)BSAx (t), (9) where x (t) is the estimation of the system state, and the matrix S satis.es the Algebraic Riccati Equation, which is given by S = AT (S - SB(BT SB + P)-1BT S)A + Q.

the discrete-time state space equation is given by x(t + 1) = (I - .tA)x(t) + .tBu(t).


These roles typically represent organizational roles such as secretary, manager, employee etc.

parking in Barcelona is very restricted, and many parking tickets are frequently issued to hired cars.


The sorted list is essential for the agglomerative single linkage clustering.

winnowing, the algorithm used by the MOSS plagiarism detection tool, is a fuzzing hashing technique that selects a subset of features from a sample for analysis [34].


The result is a race between the two competing factors.

this functionality does not have to be provided by the hypervisor.


We observe that there are short and long sequences for both malicious and benign web sites with up to 106 events.

figure 5 shows the results of this experiment.


Namely, there are - 1 possible faults resulting in the same pattern and the probability that the injected 4·255 1 fault is a single-byte fault is 232 -1 .

each experiment provides 232 log2 -1 ~ 22 bits of information about four bytes of the 4·255 key, which allows to reduce in average the set of candidates from 232 to 210 .


The main challenge of memory protection lies in double mapping.

translation table updates are normal memory writes that can only be controlled by memory access permissions.


5.5 Buffer overreads in other areas of memory We focussed mostly on a stack-based buffer overread for our example, since canaries are currently only widely used to protect the stack and not the heap.

since these memory allocators will often store pointers in the management information, they provide a reliable and portable way (i.e., not-application dependent) of performing an indirect pointer overwrite.


[2] B. Blobel, R. Nordberg, and P. Pharow.

the execution of the access decision function is highly time-critical because decision time has an impact on the execution time of the business function.


Meeting critical security objectives with security-enhanced linux.

in a network of several .rewalls with thousands of rules, it is not trivial to determine whether a machine can communicate with another machine using speci.c protocol and ports.


8.1 Large scale evaluation To show the ability of running WAP with a large set of PHP applications, we run it with 35 open source packages.

all the vulnerabilities detected were corrected (right-hand column of the table).


[22] Using and Understanding APIs for Terminal Server.

this value is totally acceptable compared with the normal startup latency in Windows environment.


Due to the questionable security of cloud storage services, organizations such as IBM have outlawed the use of Dropbox by their employees.

when a client needs to read a particular version of a block from a DE, the client queries the server, which returns a list of clients who currently hold copies of that block-version.


Fewer participants reported dissatisfaction due to noti.cation abuse or resource consumption.

we also asked users about past negative experiences with applications to measure the frequency of risks.


2.5 Effectiveness For a whole host of reasons, it may never be possible to attain 100% effectiveness in any enterprise patch management process.

scanning and monitoring the network specifically after deployment of patches is a significant step to ensure that patches have been effectively applied.


Enforcing security properties at the access control state level can be conducted much more simply than can policyanalysis, though it must be done more frequently.

in manysituations, a system will perform such compensatory actions.


Most of thegeneral access controllogics can be encapsulated in the form of secure tags.

secTag: A Multi-Policy Supported Secure Web Tag Framework Ruixuan Li, Meng Dong, Bin Liu, Jianfeng Lu, Xiaopu Ma, Kai Li School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China rxli@hust.edu.cn, {mengdong, bliu9, lujianfeng, xpma}@smail.hust.edu.cn, likai@hust.edu.cn  ABSTRACT Traditional web application development often encounters tight couplingproblembetween access controllogic andbusiness logic.


Because all TPMs use the same key, they are indistinguishable.

gradual and veri.able release of a secret.


The middleware extracts the value-added content of the message, partially decrypts the ciphertext using the private key share corresponding to the pseudonym mum@atm.nder@orientplatform1.com and forwards it to the Subject, who is left with the decryption using her private key share.

this scheme is not identity-based which means that using it would complicate key management and defeat the purpose of using the identity-based encryption algorithm detailed in this section.


On the parameterized complexity and kernelization of the work.ow satis.ability problem.

we use Auth(s) (a subset of Th(s)) to denote the set of all auth(r) .


Targetdo /* Insert the local credential in the list of possible critical ones if it will expire before the resume */ if Credbelongs to the local party && Cred.expireDate < timethen PCC = PCC .

throughout the paper, we focus on protocols for those two phases.


Epidemic Algorithms for Replicated Database Maintenance.

trust it not immutable and trusted users once they gained access to the log can always misbehave.


Inparticular, the server neitherlearns the exact values ofthe attributes occurringin thepolicy s where clause nor the number of theinsurancepolicy.

for using their service, the server requires the user to authenticate w.r.t.


Similar considerations apply to other federated identity management frameworks, such as OpenId [10], Higgins [13] and Shibboleth [4].

.,polk be Sk the policies protecting C1 ,...,Ck, respectively.


6.3 Replay of Requests After the model enforcer detects an attack, it stops the application.

most of these arguments contain handles like .le descriptors or sockets.


We show how these visualizations can be used to assist a human operator to recognize application protocols in unidenti.ed tra.c and to verify the results of an automated classi.er via visual inspection.

in the SMTP graph, this highlighted region around the xaxis is more di.use, including packets up to about 100 bytes in both directions, because in SMTP, the two sides exchange several messages ( MAIL FROM ... , RCPT TO ... , etc.)


We show that the problem can be modelled as a 2-party secure function evaluation (SFE) problem, and propose a scheme called oblivious signature-based envelope (OSBE) for ef- ficiently solving the SIrE problem.

they are stuck and cannot establish the session.


In particular, we need a protocolthat allows onetoproveinzero-knowledgethat,for some n> 1 and for all i =1 to n, x .logbi ti, where ti .

in Public Key Cryptography, volume 3958 of LNCS, pages 525 542.


For example, one could use clear-text authentication cookies or irregular JSON strings.

if an attacker had stolen the cookies via JavaScript then the set of cookies they would have access to would not allow authenticated requests.


aTTR, SCOPEatt is a .nite set of atomic values which determines the range of att as follows.


In this case this level (a, TGS, KDC ) becomes unusable.

public generation The generation command for public (level 0) data (e.g a fresh public nonce), which possibly takes an argument m .M, is de.ned as follows.


Note that when t = 11, the price does converge and the average value of h is 1.455335, which falls in the stable region (h < 1.522) according to the Jury test.

to study the impact of integrity attacks on the RTP systems, we should start with RTP schemes that are stable in the absence of attacks.


Android An Open Handset Alliance Project, 2011.

this new change in the smartphone usage paradigm and requirements for real time synchronized data introduce a number of security issues that need to be addressed [20].


for example, a malicious auditor may share the secret key with the service provider so that both can produce correct POR without having to store the .le at all.


In deep submicron processes, interconnections contributes to the propagation delay of signals.

some of these are making a rising transition, some others a falling.


Then, each area is divided into three color channels of R, G and B.

calculate the difference between the state code S and the watermark value of w to insert in A by equation 4:  E =mod ((W -S ), B) 4 4.


Also, researchers have explored a variety of attacks that leverage covert or side channels on co-located processing [47, 63, 55].

if an adversary compromises such a process, the permissions available to propagate the attack (e.g., install a rootkit) are limited.


With the simple username and password scheme, as described above, the server must keep the secret and the user has to type in the password in a browser.

public key must be distributed as digital certificates.


[7] E. Brier, C. Clavier, and F. Olivier.

we show how our attack can successfully recover the encryption key even when the attacker has extremely limited access to the device under test only 200 traces in the o.ine phase and as little as a single trace in the online phase.


The problem is complicated by the fact that record sequences may be nested.

we used WMF, the DNS response message, and the HTTP request message to guide our design.


Consider the following be the policies John and Jane want to apply to protect access on their resources: JANE Policy: Users are not authorized to perform any action on any resource from 10a.m.

in our work, we simply adopt syntactical analysis to identify policies specifying the same attribute.


The values provided by the accelerometer sensor are the following: rotation around z-axis, yaw (0°= yaw = 360°,0°= North, 90°= East, 180°= South, 270°=West);  rotation around x-axis, pitch (-180°= pitch = 180°, with positive values when z-axis moves toward y-axis);  rotation around y-axis, roll (-90° = roll = 90°,with positive values when z-axis moves toward x-axis).

we argue that it is possible to use the values obtained from the accelerometer and orientation sensors (whilethe user answers,or places,acall)asa biometric measurein order to authenticate the user.


If the other client devices can be of.ine at different times or do not have any secure means of communicating directly with each other (except through storing and retrieving data on the untrusted server itself), then the user s data can be vulnerable to a replay attack by a malicious third-party server.

https://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/groups/tpm/ TPM 1 2 Changes .nal.pdf, 2003.


Any indirect access that may lead to violation of the user-speci.c SoD constraint ac will fall into one of the two cases shown in Figure 6.

let user ui be assigned to role rj or any role rk such   Category No.


Hashing all the certificates from the root to the Xth means that all important context is covered by the  signature, so there's no possibility of certificate chain manipulations like those that X.509 is susceptible to.

we'd also like to streamline the conveyance of this information, so that Alice doesn't have to acquire it manually, or depend on any global infrastructure.


Allocating .xed hardware resources for a RS decoder would be wasteful for standards not using this decoder.

as expected, the number of cycles for EVP isonly half as compared to the rest since only half the syndromes are computed.


We compare our solution with Nprotect and X-trap in section 5.

to achieve the hiding purpose, our framework proposes to hook into this Native API by injecting new code to ntdll.dll.


Network restriction is achieved by using the iptables .rewall to constrain network connections by IP address, and SSL with client-side veri.cation to authenticate remote servers (without allowing any user-end override options if certi.cate errors are detected).

[2] A. M. Azab, P. Ning, Z. Wang, X. Jiang, X. Zhang, and N. C. Skalsky.


Additionally, it requires programmers to provide a summary for each library function to allow the information .ow through library calls, which can be an error-prone and tedious task as many library calls are fairly complex, causing many side-effects in addition to simple return values.

this is because LIFT aggressively applies dynamic optimization to eliminate unnecessary information .ow tracking and provide a fast switch between the instrumented code and the original code.


RELATED WORK In the following we explore countermeasures against return address attacks and discuss their shortcomings.

to avoid that one thread accesses the shadow stack of another thread, we use the thread local storage (TLS) from the Pin API, whereas each thread must provide a key (created at thread creation) to access its TL- S. Elements can be pushed onto and popped o. the shadow stack as for the usual stack in program memory.


DMER constraints specify that D2 two or more mutual exclusive roles must never be, activated by the same sub ject simultaneously.

we also provided a path discovery algorithm that enables users to enumerate paths to a certain role in a target domain.


In our hardware design, we extensively use three types of memory: registers, scratchpad RAM, and content addressable (associative) memory (CAM).


The first agent uses only macro features of the entry, while the second agent uses both macro and micro features.

they are realized as generic reflex agents and become operable when their parameter values are defined.


Combined with its standalone design, we believe that these features make MDScan an e.ectivedetectioncomponent for largernetwork orhost-levelattackdetectionsystems.

any parts of the code that have been concealed into other non-code PDF objects are not relevant atthisstage, since theywillberetrievedat runtime through the appropriate API calls.


This intrinsic ambiguity in semantics makes it difficult to generate CAPTCHA challenges using image semantics.

if n is empty or the nearest distance exceeds a threshold s, a new cluster nN-1 is generated.


First we investigate related work on XML web services security and GSI, certificate validation.

[26] R. Housley and T. Polk, Planning for PKI , John Wiley & Sons, 2001.


Instructions for how to modify xpdf so as to ignore usage policies in PDF .les can be easily found on the Web [3].

eDRM typically a.ects information .ows that are subject to NDAs and/or privacy laws and regulations, such as HIPAA or GLBA.


The correct and secure execution of a module only depends on (1) the hardware, (2) the Fides architecture and (3) the module itself and any other module that it calls.

alternatively, modifying hardware, an approach taken by related research [37, 38, 9], has serious drawbacks.


Given the high impact that control .ow attacks had on commodity systems, many countermeasure techniques have been proposed to defend against such attacks, such as: binary randomisation[14], memory layout randomisation[20, 21], stack canaries[9],tainting of suspectdata[19] enforcing pagestobe writableorexecutable[3,21],ControlFlowIntegrity enforcement[1].

modifying the program counter or its saved value 4 .


Shethenuploadstheauthorizationtokensalongwiththe correspondingencrypted data records to thecloudasa single large chunk, thereby reducing thecommunication cost to alarge extent.

during the data access stage, initially Bob sends the data request to the primary cloud.


Experts sometimes frown upon users who write down their passwords.

rESULTS A total of 290 individuals completed our survey, with 146 respondents in the control condition and 144 respondents in the mnemonic condition.


These attacks form a major threat to users who intend to run their workloads beside other potentially malicious ones inside the cloud.

1.4 Summary of Contributions We make several technical contributions in this paper: We provide a complete and feasible solution to share hardware resources with an isolated execution environment that does not rely on any host software.


In these systems, the simulator always possesses one of the two keys, and is thus able to decrypt all well-formed ciphertexts by decrypting one or the other component.

, yn), whose elements are ' chosen at random from Zp.


These attributes include the actual content of an event and also the choice of communication medium (e.g., different networks, or even visual displays or sound) over which it can be conveyed.

3.1 Mitigation The mitigator is oblivious to the content of the events and does not alter their content.


They develop pow erful analysis and optimization techniques that provide excellent performance.

4.4 Shadow stack Shadow stack [27] is a well-known technique for defending against return address corruption.


Their systems are unbounded, since the size of the public parameters is constant and does not impose any limitations on the size of the attribute universe.

n. The phases of the game are the following: Initialization: In this phase the attacker declares the challenge access structure A* , which he will try to attack, and sends it to the challenger.


This richer authentication of e-mail can be enabled by eliminating the server in favor of a peer-to-peer e-mail paradigm because a sysadmin for a central mail service cannot possibly take the time to assess the rich authentication inputs for every single email routed through the system, even in relatively lowvolume environments.

those humans should ultimately make authentication decisions, not computers.


We develop an active, on-line probing methodology to ef.ciently (2 to 6 packets per target) detect a variety of different tarpits in real-time.

we found this to be a poor selection criterion as many of these subnets belong to well known Content Distribution Networks and web hosting services.


For Nmax = *, the process will always terminate at either -D or D. However, the average number of steps should be smaller when qi = 0, because of the fact highlighted in equation (10).

the remaining bits upto 256th bit of q can be determined by either using the former equation or searching exhaustively.


finally, we present applications of our transformation in Section 5. turns the corresponding plaintext m or a special symbol .


In order to capture the statistical behavior of the sensing time, we calculate the corresponding cumulative distribution for several scenarios involving di.erent levels of background tra.c loads.

the MAC protocols employed by the network also play a role.


As long as the MLE and its page tables are not mapped into one of these pages, they are protected against unauthorized modi.cation by malicious peripheral devices (Ap).

each primary core then issues another IPI to other cores of its VM to signal that they can continue execution at the resumption point.


Elevation In order to determine the minimum and maximum elevation of a given region, typically the intersection of discs centered at the AP locations (as required in our solution to compute lower-bounds of the elevation gains), we rely on the Google Elevation API: We pick, uniformly at random, 20 locations inside the region of interest, we query their elevation, and we compute the minimum and maximum values.

it certi.es that the user is in a disc of radius R, centered at the point of coordinate (x,y).


Finally, we have argued that the vulnerability ftp_rhosts may be easier to exploit for the second time than a different vulnerability due to accumulated experiences or tools.

topological analysis of network attack vulnerability.


Endhosts and ISPs desire to validate service level agreement compliance regarding data delivery in the network: Did the packet truly originate from the claimed client?

retroactive key setup OPT with path tracing (which only enables the destination to verify the path) can mitigate the coward attack, which ICING fails to mitigate.


Clemens Kolbitsch , Paolo Milani Comparetti , Christopher Kruegel , Engin Kirda , Xiaoyong Zhou , XiaoFeng Wang, Effective and efficient malware detection at the end host, In Proceedings of the 18th conference on USENIX security symposium, p.351-366, August 10-14, 2009, Montreal, Canada.

moreover, it filters malware objects more thoroughly than that of commercial anti-virus software.


This algorithm computes all possible state sets in which the automaton can be situated (i.e., the powerset).

state transitions need to be implemented with no more than one memory access per instruction (to keep up with the network processor core) and be as compact as possible (to minimize the implementation overhead of the monitor).


Here we seek to prove that there exists an edge between two secret vertices, that is, the edge predicate.

gV contains exactly one vertex identi.er ei .


We want to simulate a public cloud in real life, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), which uses Xen hypervisor and runs VMs in the para-virtualization mode [3].

4.1.1 Cloud API OpenStack is a popular solution for hosting private clouds developed by Rackspace and NASA [22].


hence, the server learns the number of queries made so far simply by counting the number of interactions with the user.


Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. [37] J. Jorgensen.

for example, in order to determine the level of variation of a speci.c gene in the population, a DC may request to compare a query gene sequence from a reference genome with its homologous gene sequences from all individual genomes in a personal genome database.


all such communications can easily be prevented by following network-level best practices (segregating printers into their own VLANs without direct internet connectivity).


This abstract security policy is represented in our framework CatBAC as a model that is re.ned from our meta-model using the UML extension [9] as seen in Figure 6.

a company may instantiate the meta-model so that it represents its structure and its management of access control.


However, the request may contain additional values not yet known.

the problem is that the processing time of SUN and Tree growth linearly with the number of policies-rules.


MANET auto-con.guration, emergency warning in VANET systems, conference room group communication, multi-party gaming, etc.

the RREQ and RREP packet are in the following formats: < RREQ, seq#, global - trap, onion, OneT imeP K >  In which Kseed is the route pseudonym, which acts also as a secret key shared between two consecutive RREP forwarders.


the user may obtain the required rights through a chain of authorization certificates.

massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998.


The instruction decoding engine of LLVM-MC consumes about 60% of the veri.cation time.

in the following sections, we report overhead numbers only for the case of instruction chunks.


In a subsequent section, we present a practical method to achieve this goal.

in our case, the least favorable operating point corresponds to the worst-case instance of an attack and the optimal strategy amounts to the optimal detection rule.


To accomplish this, we collected received data volume from /proc/net/dev per second in the servers.

after a few seconds, the tra.c was moved directly to the decoy server.


The higher frequency of making such emergency calls, the higher possibility of wiping the data before the adversary peeks at or transfers the user data.


Most solutions to preserve security and privacy in the cloud proposed so far consider potentially faulty/malicious cloud providers or technical savvy/rogue customers.

1, the Cloud App Store involves a Provider and typically two kinds of users, Publisher and Consumer.


Similarly, if e1 then e2 evaluates to e2 if e1 evaluates to a nonempty list and to [] otherwise.

constructors with values as arguments are themselves values and cannot be evaluated further.


The proposed method can be comb ned w th other secur ty technolog es l ke watermark ng or f ngerpr nt ng and thus help d scourag ng software p racy by mak ng watermarked nformat on embedded n software codes d ff cult to be reverse eng neered or tampered.

an arb trary transform can be mplemented arb trar ly.


Seamless connectivity and ease of use are becoming the motto of network managers.

in this work the only context information that we use is time, location, and identity of users.


Moreover many protocols have been proposed to classify ECG between Normal Sinus Rhythm and some arrhythmias.

s can send the obfuscated SNR mean [µ SNR + rµ] (where rµ .


ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC), 8(1):3 40, 2005.

a booby trap is the fastest possible reaction to an attack, since it runs during the attack itself.


For each common cryptographic function F, we have a source code for a reference implementation PF .

we created a synthetic example by compiling a reference RC4 source code [34] with MSVC without any optimization, that we denote as B3 in Table 2.


Our solution to thermal conditioning is shown in Figure 2.

we change the objective function to maximize one single variable which is suspected to be the leading gate in some correlated subparts, such as gates x69 and x70 in Figure 1(a).


We thank all the subjects who participated in our user study.

all subjects in the average to below average group, answered more than 95% correctly on Section I.


The proactive scheme also detects transient wormholes, but incurs additional traf.c and prolongs neighbor discovery.

sCREWED fo cusses on hidden wormholes and avoids the problems of Wallgren et al.


Hence the signature based mitigation may be effective for real-time forgery detection.

the second usage case concerns local road hazards.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my colleagues at Pima Community College IT for providing me much help in gathering information for this paper as well as supporting my efforts.

sIGUCCS 11, November 12 17, 2011, San Diego, California, USA.


More comparable to our approach are scalablebug-.nding tools[20,45].

for instance, anSPSE-baseddiagnosis of theweb serverinFigure 1could capturesomegeneralityinthecontentsof theinput .elds,butit would restrict theirlengths to theparticular values seen in the sample exploit.


In all our experiments, a single password is used.

certain users are shown to be unsuitable for keystroke biometrics.


Trinius, P. Holz, T. Gobel, J. and Freiling, F.C.

dynamic analysis works by executing the code in a virtual environment and a behavioral report characterizing the executable is generated based on the execution trace.


That is, Centered Discretization leaks much more click-point information than Robust Discretization does, and thus the former suffers more from our dictionary attacks.

mean shift: A robust approach toward feature space analysis.


Since our honeypot pages are not very highly ranked, we would not be returned by the search engines for such generic queries.

we also develop simple techniques to distinguish legitimate requests from attack requests.


We introduce a modeling framework to investigate the possibilities of mitigating cyber risks in large scale networks.

then, we can n.8 ignore the terms non-linear in q, and re-write (2) as: n t Bi(s1,...sn) = 1 - si + siq(n) (1 - sj ), (3) jj =i from which we can express as: (1 - si) Bi = 1 - si + siqn(1 - s¯) - , (4) n where qn := q(n)n and ¯s denotes average network security: t 1 n s¯= sj .