CRM EXAMPLE A bank wishes to outsource its credit scoring capabilities and contract credit scoring E-services available in the marketplace.

if the goals and requirements from multiple dimensions such as social and technical are analyzed, IT goals and requirements are one step closer to business IT alignment accomplishment.


In order to eliminate them, combinations should be performed on these PPSes.

[31] improved the throughput in accessing application data structures with a pipelined memory subsystem.


Each of these elements plays a key role during the replay of the architectural process as part of a derivational analogy approach.

architectural Knowledge Elements At the end of the architectural evaluation stage, the architectural knowledge comprises three complementary elements: architectural drivers, design decisions, and analysis results (Figure 4).


Using a simple syntactic sugar this nearly always results in quite readable, SystemF-looking types.

solve all uni.cation edges by uni.cation.


Note that the ajc scanner does not add tokens to the JDT scanner, except for some keywords, so the pointcuts are tokenized as anyother partof the source .le.Forexample, the pointcutofthe caching aspectin Figure3is scannedtothe following list of tokens: execution ( * Fib .

types will be very dif.cult to identify by a scanner in the input .le, so this approach is rather unlikely to work.


Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.2 [Software Engineering]: Design Tools and Techniques State Diagrams; D.2.1 [Software Engineering]: Requirements/Speci.cations General Terms Languages, Design, Theory, Algorithms  Keywords Scenarios, State Machines, Message Sequence Charts, UML 1.

pROGRAM COMMITTEE The SCESM 06 program committee consisted of: Yves Bontemps (University of Namur), Alexander Egyed (Teknowledge Corp.), Holger Giese (University of Paderborn), Martin Glinz (University of Zurich), Jean-Marc J´ez´equel (IRISA, France), Joy Chakraborty (Motorola India), Ingolf Kr¨uger (University of California, San Diego), Hillel Kugler (New York University), Stefan Leue (University of Konstanz), Wilhelm Sch¨afer (University of Paderborn), St´ephane Som´e (University of Ottawa), Tarja Syst¨a (Tampere University of Technology), Sebastian Uchitel (Imperial College, London), Albert Z¨undorf (University of Kassel) and the organizers   5.


In this paper, we conduct an empirical evaluation of the bene.ts offered by CAS to a variety of real-world data-intensive applications.

the bene.ts that CAS has to offer are intimately dependent on the data-set.


The possibility that consensus power alone may not completely characterize the relation between shared objects was already raised by Herlihy with the introduction of the wait-free hierarchy [13].

for other objects like Jayanti s weak-sticky object [15] the implementation depends on a known concurrency bound n. It is thus plausible that the unbounded concurrency model exposes a gap in the strength of in.nite power consensus objects: some may not be strong enough to solve consensus in the unbounded concurrency model.


For example, several RTS techniques collect coverage data, such as statement, branch, or method coverage, to use in selecting test cases to include in Ti/ for testing Pi+1 (e.g., [2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14]).

in this case, each of these modules will have different regression test suites, and they need to be integrated together to provide fewer false positives in the retesting.


The -= operator removes function closures calling the method slot at the right-hand side from the method slot at the lefthand side.

the predecessor objects of s and o are di.erent.


Given a set of test cases, the second and the third step of the above presented process can be automated using existing tools such as JUnit framework and Ant tool [9].

le Traon, B. Baudry, and J.-M. Jézéquel.


2This is more subtle than you might think.

this would still suffer from particularity of orders of interactions.


ActionScript (AS) is an object-oriented language and each class is kept in separate AS .le.

still the class Car has the .nal control over the inner structure.


Although  Integration integration was performed using web services, there are strong dependencies at business logic it means the component independence is level.

included in the institutional environment component.


We presented a signature scheme that is existential forgery secure against known message attacks with respect to the distribution of the commitments.

2-party schemes are possible in the CRS model, and all the schemes mentioned above work in this scenario.


Feature Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA) Feasibility Study.

[4] addressed the problem of unnecessary code existing inside concrete classes in several instances of a given framework.


As opposed to a distributed approach, a centralized search allows for faster queries.

from initial installation of the software to periodic upgrades and everyday operations, the application is low maintenance.


INTRODUCTION The evergrowing number of services on the WWW provides enormous business opportunities.

http://www.istcascom.org [3] Cáceres, C., Fernández, A., Ossowski, S. CASCOM Contextaware HealthCare Service Coordination in Mobile Computing Environments.


The dark grey ellipse marked Domain Object indicates a placeholder which can be .lled by concepts from a real world domain ontology.

a framework for rapid integration of presentation components.


Our programming model is implemented in C language and uses MPICH2 (version 1.4.1p1) as the underlying communication library.

if dynamic differences arise, repartitioning needs to be performed periodically.


We build upon this study by refactoring three of the four applications using EJPs to implement exception handling, starting from source code provided by the authors of the AspectJ study.

a very recent study [12] compares pure OOP and AOP with respect to software evolvability.


Smoothing Schedules for Real-Time Streams* EXTENDED ABSTRACT Yishay Mansour Boaz Patt-Shamir Ofer Lapid mansourOmath, tau.


This is due to the fact that a client which is not receiving new clients and which is being underloaded is very unlikely to become overloaded.

each of the hardware servers in the cluster run OpenStack [4].


in the combined setting, the result of applying region inference to the binding of h yields the following region-annotated version of the binding: val h = g[r1] (2,3)at r1 In this region-annotated version of the binding, the pair (2,3) is allocated in the global region r1, which happens to be the same region in which the closure returned by g is allocated.


Our approach providesa clean policy/mechanism separation and subsumes most of the approaches used previously, including time-, work-, and slack-based schedulers.

average case performance on Metronome is 3x lower, but worse case behavior is 1-2 orders of magnitude better than the other collectors.


Cs; or that the changes H are composable.

d is a strict partial order over C. In addition to the well-formedness constraints on Sub, we require that each feature must have sub-features, changes or both.


Given the dimensions considered, parallel processing is essential.

with 5 machines the experiments took on average 4.70 seconds to .nish while with 13 they took on average 3.48 seconds.


Value =(TyPrim × prim) Location Subs : µ, .


The compiler for this mixed base language normalizes an input program in the combined language to a program in the bytecode core language.

addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA, second edition, 1999.


Investigat-ing the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configu- ration Management and Software Deployment.

a run-time model of the same system might contain information such as the current state of a component or connector (e.g., 'not started,' 'running,' 'suspended,' 'blocked,' 'error state'), where a component is running in a distributed sys- tem (e.g., which machine, what processor, its process ID), and its communication status (e.g., events or calls waiting to be proc- essed, a history of recently processed requests).


The software architecture allows stakeholders to make design decisions about quality requirements after a preceding in-depth analysis that considers design alternatives and predicts outcomes w.r.t quality.

the general selfadaptive architecture tactics and general upgradability tactics.


These operations are repeated many times until the reverse execution is completed.

in this case, instructions 2, 3,and 4 are translated twice and appear in two di.erent translated fragments.


For variations of up to 10% of the original value the 3-power mean decision function is close to perfect stability.

such relatively quick conversion would be very expensive if done in-house.


Pearson Educational, Upper Saddle River, NY, 2006.

e.ective STL: 50 Speci.c Ways to Improve Your Use of the Standard Template Library .


When the MAC unit is present, however, a lower runtime is predicted for basic blocks that use the MAC unit.

predicting Performance Potential of Modem DSPs.


3.3 Study Execution We solicited 15 projects between April and September, 2011.

we designed a very open-ended focus group study that was intended to capture, from the developers point of view, any kind of potential indicator of volatility.


This is a more moderate result than the frequently referred to 80/20 or 90/10 rule.

to copy otherwise, torepublish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.cpermission and/or a fee.


CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK In this paper we presented the reference architecture and technical realization of Semantic Web Spaces, a middleware for coordinating knowledge processes on the Semantic Web based on Linda and tuplespace systems.

recent work has drawn up requirements for its application in open distributed systems [10].


For these situations, one needs escape hatches to get around the strictness of the static checking system.

we do not consider the subroutines called by a routine to be part of the same operation; this means that the routine must restore any invariants it has broken before it may call any subroutines.


For instance, Figure 12 shows the application where all entities which are not related to the type Movie are filtered out.

this is an example of Moody s Principle of Complexity Management, which advocates such a hierarchical decomposition of notational views [17].


SoftMon parses an MCML .le and extracts the code in the Declaration and Property sections, placing them into a thread function.

if programmers decide that some instrumentation overhead is acceptable or negligible during runtime, they may want to insert some code to assist monitoring.


[19] Je.rey S. Foster, Manuel F¨ahndrich, and Alexander Aiken.

we did not count parameters with a primitive, boxed primitive, or String type, nor parameters declared in external or JDK libraries.


Most Google Base form fields accept unvalidated text.

yet what constitutes a real company and, therefore, a valid input?


An accessible user interface is one where all the perceptible and interactive tasks of a Web application can be understood, perceived and utilized successfully by PWDs.

content accessibility set (A) has the least members (|A|=8) and also has one unique member (|A-B-C|= 1).


85.71 Support the visualization of the history of the collaboration through log files and/or timelines 71.42 Support the tracking of each collaborator s individual contribution 71.42  Support collaborators communication; integrate instant messaging features in the application 57.14 Visualize what others are doing in real time 57.14 Adapt application to several devices; make sure collaborators using different devices can work together in real time 42.85 Support collaborators in providing feedback, comments, annotations, rankings 42.85 Design the application for the web; web-based collaboration 42.85  Table 2 List of the most considered design issues in the applications considered As expected, most of the issues in the two tables are common.

users should have available a straightforward and user friendly way to track their own contribution to the collaboration.


Each EPC has an associated value (from [9]) that indicates the predicted effect and the extent to which unreliability will change due to the EPC.

the first refinement is after the initial application of the de- scriptive method.


The usual behaviour of an activity receiving a nested array is to .re once for each scalar value embedded in the nested structure.

in International Conference on Services Computing (SCC 2007), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, July 2007.


The on-demand deployment of TEs keeps the debugging code base small, thus minimizing the resource consumption of the debugging process.

none of these tools implement languages specialized for debugging that can express existing techniques.


It seems their drawbacks are signi.cant enough to constitute a true incentive for change, that may actually be su.cient to overcome conservative opposition (recall that this is a 30 years old design decision that a.ects all modern OSs).

it is nevertheless possible dependent noise sources will require a di.erent model that should somehow be combined with ours.


Popular mainstream IDEs (and the BlueJ Edition of NetBeans) scale poorly with large bodies of source code.

despite promoting the use of NetBeans, it was still a common sight to see students (and educators) using Jenuity.


A closer inspection of their behavior expressed by sequence diagrams displayed in Fig.

such subjective classes can be conveniently stored in separate .les.


In this paper, we consider all these generalizations and solve the scheduling problem with two goals: (i) accommodate as many reservation requests as possible (all the requests in best case), and (ii) minimize the sum of total times that is required to transfer data for all accommodated requests.

the worst case running time of this phase comes out to be O(N · (N + M)).


Also, as systems and decisions evolve over time, we have put emphasis on attributes more closely to evolution activities.

a particular organization or architect may decide with of these attributes could be more relevant to be stored as part of their AK.


The state allows identifying if the update is published or not.

we suggest a pragmatic balance between flexible and rigid approaches with a process rather than product orientation as the underlining objective of the development.


The example processor can fetch and execute up to three operations per cycle has three fully pipelined function units as detailed in Table 1 l The mnemonics for the various operations, binding of operations to units, and latency of operations are shown in the table.

the term reservation table (RT) is used in a generic sense to represent either an SRT for LS or an MRT for IMS.


The DPR model might not be knowledgeable enough to completely cover the semantic patterns related to the permission.

[33] Y. Zhou, Z. Wang, W. Zhou, and X. Jiang.


We can, therefore, construct a matching path of length 1 'k+1 'k+1 from t to t where 0 1 ' 'k+1 .st k 'k+1 .st k+1 .st m1 = m and t P = t1.P and t1 P = t P 11 1 ' 'k+1 .st i k .st Induction Step.

the receiver peers must be capable of consuming these messages in.nitely often ensuring that the receive queues do not have to hold unbounded number of messages.


Last column on table 1 shows the proportions between the blocks.

the speci.cation does not provide the necessary implementation hints to e.ciently exploit nested parallelism.


is read until , and W is read weak until .


The cloud services should have a Quality of Service (QoS) that would include Quality of Protection (QoP) in addition to maintain privacy, security, reliability, availability, and management.

cLOUD SERVICE SECURITY ISSUES Nowadays fingerprints are being used to authenticate users to gain access to different types of services on the internet, such as access to courses online, banks, etc [5].


Xiong and colleagues [14] present a language that can be used for writing both consistency relations and .xing behavior.

because 2[1] is a loop node, the analysis explores all its child nodes except for 6[3] becauseit occurs on thefault path.


The example processor, which can fetch and execute up to three operations per cycle, has three fully pipelined function units as detailed in Table 1.

twice as many PRF read ports are required, but they are only 1-bit wide.


Dynamic purity analysis for java programs.

it infers several type quali.ers, including pos and neg for integers, nonnull for pointers, and tainted and untainted for strings.


On a related note, while our results failed to prove that our method scales better than Hasse diagrams, we .rmly believe that Growing Squares does indeed perform better than traditional diagrams for large system traces.

this, on the other hand, causes problems when considering the asymmetric nature of causal relations.


In the same iteration, sim(ptdby(w), ptdby(x)) = 1.0 = ß.

the for-loop is a nested loop running over each uniquepair of variables(x, y).Lines 6 and 7 compute similarities for pointer-and location-equivalence using function sim().Thesimilaritiesarecheckedagainsttheinputthresholds to identify APEs and ALEs.


Unlike the .le-based SCM approach, Molhado allows an SCM system to model and capture the structure of logical entities within a .le and the operations on them.

given the current trend that disk space is getting cheaper, we believe that the bene.ts gained by being able to track structural changes far outweigh the extra space.


According to this model, the applications are usually decomposed into independent tasks that are solved concurrently by the servers (the so called Data Grid applications).

permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.


On the one hand, this provides a significant advantage of openness and flexibility.

on Intelligent User Interfaces IUI 2001 (Santa Fe, 14-17 January 2001).


It is discarded upon Macro Step completion.

all of the status and control processes for LRUs on a specific bundle are allocated to that bundle s server computer, as are the subsystem shot supervisors and bundle collaboration supervisor (Figure 8).


explored a partitioning hypervisor architecture for PowerPC and x86 based HPC systems [32].

before resuming the VM, L4 installs the updated context transparently into the VM, while the VMM waits for the next message to arrive.


It is possible to review a speci.cation at a later time of development, but with the validity of earlier de.ned properties at stake.

as Sorted is the last feature to be composed, the sorting is always done as last statement in push, regardless of any previous re.nements.


Additional thanks to the Facebook users who contributed their pro.le data for analysis.


Organizational federation may adopt a range of coordination mechanisms, ranging from a classical central control system to a decentralized structure, relying on mechanisms such as service markets and contracts.

we introduce software service engineering as an emerging discipline that entails a departure from traditional software engineering disciplines, embracing the open world assumption .


To reduce the write traffic to PCM as well, LDFNRU checks the dirty bits of these candidate blocks and selects the block with the minimum number of dirty lines as a victim block.

we design a novel cache replacement policy for the last level cache (LLC) by making use of the fine-grained dirtiness management of a cache block.


Recent measurements on PPTV[9] revealed that a noticeable number ofLANs accommodated multiplepeers watching the same TV channel.

when m or more adjacent peers leave together, the peers at the two opposite sides of the gap cannot contact each other.


We could observe that, despite far from 100% accuracy, real-time machine translation was not disruptive of the conversation flow and, therefore, accepted with favor by participants.

as such, every participant came up with a priority list, from which they eventually built a shared solution.


Results based on a simple comparison of these potential points of failure against the actual points of failure present in a given page are potentially unreliable and possibly misleading.

four-Tiered Accessibility Ranking of Popular Web Sites (All sites in Tier 1 are identically accessible, and are therefore listed alphabetically.)


In the next few paragraphs, we shall use tuple notation to denote edges only when a distinction between use and de.nition edges is warranted.

the register allocator must preserve safety by ensuring that interfering live ranges are allocated to different registers.


The reported results use this weighted subset of checkpoints for all con.gurations.

fMA extensions can be very useful on FP applications that require higher precision results where the compiler is able to fuse FPMul and FPAdd pairs and that do not require such a strict validation procedure.


The size of the sampling period binds the distance by which a helper thread can run ahead of or behind the main thread.

in this section, we illustrate the interesting tradeoffs and the insights.


It is possible, however, that E has left the IFQ by this time.

the number of useless precomputations also increases because of the increase in branch mispredictions.


In the case of the failure, the process sends one message to the currently residing process in the critical region, and if reply from the that residing process comes positive then that process simply updates its duration of time in the queue and if it fails to reply then the next process removes currently residing process entry from the queue as it is assumed that process is dead within the critical region.

then and then next process can enter that critical region.


For instance, the decrease in the required support staff allowed tool administrators, who used to solely manage the commercial traceability tool, to assist teams with project specific tasks.

of the 23e ICSE p. 123-132, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 12-19, 2001.


We controlled this learning effect by first performing the functional test case creation and in the second run the code inspection.

furthermore, it discusses threats to validity to be considered during the interpretation of the results.


If for example, there are analysts at a remote site but they all report to and are managed by one organization, then the requirements elicitation may be distributed but the organization is not.

core staff unskilled in handling distributed projects.


To generate anticipating edges, we detect anticipated in relations between task posting units.

an important component of a testing framework is a program representation that can model all possible execution behaviors of the software.


Based on [10], we can say that the relation between the parameters can be given as a set of equations: 1 p = (1 - (1 - )kn)k (10) m m k = ln2 (11) n The value k is chosen so as to minimize the probability p of false positives.

both .exibility and decoupling do not come without a price.


The Network Layer provides a message-passing interface for communicating with the entire cluster.

in order to recreate a true roller coaster experience, the roller coaster ride is designed following a realistic physics model describedin[33].


Unfortunately, however, the constraint graph G is not static; new edges keep getting added to it (Line 5 of Algorithm 1).

a node d dominates node n if all the paths from a start node s to n go through d. When multiple start nodes s1,s2, ..., si, ... exist, a usual trick is to create an extra start node s and add edges from s to all si.


In the last part of this paper, we focus on what we have learned and future directions.

this allows for an administrator to use a policy manager to map unmodi.ed, legacy applications to selected STP protocols.


This expresses the fact that a static pickler can only be applied to objects of a precise statically-known type C, but not a subtype thereof.

the above IR combinators have direct Scala implementations in scala/pickling.


cuses on creating a reliable low bandwidth communications channel using SMS.

for the evaluation of reliability and consistency protocol we simulated our protocol over a range of loss rates from 0 to 20%.


Finally we present an optimization that is used to speed up the traversal of the dyDG by the above slicing algorithm.

once having identi.ed these uses we statically introduce use-use edges from and u is established along path p, then that dependence would be represented by an unlabeled edge local to node for path p. if the dependence is established along some path other than p,it is represented using a labeled non-local edge between bd and bu.


To identify the faults, the faulty version of the program is compared with the correct version.

their studies do not include a comparison of the Tarantula technique another existing technique [5] that also computes a ranking of statements in terms of their suspiciousness.


Other feeds use variable length presumably to cope with the bursts of entries generated.

at the same time, new entries may become available from a neighbor.


The proposed approach relies on annotating the template used for instantiating models from the overall template.

expressing Feature-Based Variability in Structural Models.


The computational overhead includes the time to partition the grids at the top level, rebuild the internal data structures, and update boundary conditions.

the communicational overhead includes the time to migrate workload among processors.


INTRODUCTION Statistical model checking techniques ([19, 11, 16]) based on Monte Carlo simulations have been proposed and de- Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.

we have established that our method requires simulation length O(N) and the sample size in the worst case is KB.


User Goals The construction of a transaction model that describes a service domain consists of 3 steps: the identification of common services in each domain, the identification of sequences of abstract tasks that a user must accomplish to obtain these services, and the identification of the concrete steps that a user must take to accomplish these tasks.

it maintains one rule for each type of Web page in a Web site.


Off-line variable substitution for scaling points-to analysis.

indeed, there is evidence that .ow-sensitivity and context-sensitivity conspire to improve the behavior of client analyses [20].


The de.nition of role functionality is speci.ed using Java s method de.nition notation.

existing languages lack the ability to express message sequences.


Conference on Information Fusion, pages 1158 1165, Stockholm, Sweden, 2004.

the forwarding hosts re-broadcast packet they have received until they reach the corresponding users and establish mesh-based routes [6].


We have not systematically measured the performance overhead of using Forest.

the automatically generated auxiliary support includes: (1) a set of type declarations to represent the .lestore in memory; (2) a set of type declarations that capture errors and .le system attributes for the .lestore; (3) a loading function to populate these in-memory structures; (4) a storing function to push possibly updated structures back out to disk; (5) type class instance declarations that make it possible for programmers to query, analyze, and transform .lestore data using generic functions; and (6) a set of useful generic functions/scripts that operate over instances of these type classes.


Additionally, there will be quantitative analysis of a library or framework to determine opportunities where structural subtyping would be advantageous.

* Combining Structural Subtyping and External Dispatch Donna Malayeri Carnegie Mellon University donna@cs.cmu.edu Abstract By-name subtyping (or user-de.ned subtyping) and structural subtyping each have their own strengths and weaknesses.


One such simpler formula is the intersection of the context and the output constraint, .X.

there are scenarios in which specialized program is expected to accept only those inputs leading to desired output (for example, the specialized program will be used to accept data from yet another components.)


The study indicated that new systems designed and constructed to interoperate with existing and other new systems, and adhering to common standards, still fail to interoperate as expected.

all of the problems were collected from interviews and workshops with personnel from the DoD.


Craigslist apartment listing imported into MashMaker Wepropose several changes to the standard functional paradigm, in order to make such languages more suitable for this domain.

2003) then this does not affect the behavior of non-dependent parts of the program.


On the other hand, virtually all processors today need to run multimedia applications that offer easy to use parallelism.

these orderings can be propagated into the isolated nodes behind the P-node.


Note that in the de.nition of f#, we assume the postcondition holds for each recursive call.

unfailing Haskell: A static checker for pattern matching.


In the applications we present in this section 3, tk(n)and qk(n)are both O(1).

for the L2 cache we select n2 = C2/2and can therefore .t the L2 supernode in half the cache.


2.1 Statement of the Problem Our purpose is to construct a planning system based on agents, which resolves the strategic planning problem in a way different from the Prospective procedure does.

the analysts submit a questionnaire to the expert group.


We also restricted the number of brokers that are considered for the time-graphas possible target, by only selecting nearby brokers that manage ranges that are no more than 0, 2500, or 5000 meters away.

note, that even not performing a migration imposes a cost by streaming events over the in-and outgoing streams.


A closer look at the mt-daap example reveals that there is barely any reduction in themaximum cluster size, i.e., from 89 for Steensgaard to 83 for Andersen clusters.


Regarding the aspectization approach, the pattern of extending GenericRole was also used as in the case of version 0.3.


VERIFICATION OF THE PROGRAM MS UNDER OTG In this section, we show that the problem described in section 2 can be resolved under OTG typing/subtyping.

<: P by using the de.nition of object subtyping (De.nition 10).


The students most experienced with programming tend to struggle the most to create good object models.

the design is language independent and other target platforms, such as Android and Google Web Toolkit (GWT), are anticipated.


We can see the performance superiority of AS more clearly than Figures 7 and 8.

marking phase that marks all live objects.


Although ESP can be translated into these languages, additional state would have to be introduced to implement features like the rendezvous channels using primitives provided in the speci.cation language.

the only other approach that we are aware of that provides safety while allowing dangling pointers is region-based memory management [19].


There is no reason why we must use a SAT solver or a Java program for that matter to computes the values of keys.

kato enables the use of a variety of solvers in conjunction, and we plan to explore this further.


Because garbage-collection activities could delay the processing of host requests, .ashtranslation layers adopt two strategies to reduce this impact: 1) data separation, which identi.es frequently updated data (i.e., hot data) and writes data having similar update frequencies to nearby .ash space, and 2) victim selection, which prevents garbage collection from copying valid data that will get invalidated in the near future.

the page lifetimes contributed by hot data are much shorter than that contributed by non-hot data.


Strathcona [12] extracts the structural context of the code under editing and .nds its relevant examples.

then, the sequences of symbols for all sub-groums are put together to form a sequence for the whole method, called the sentence.


A typical lock-free transaction fetches data, computes a provisional value and attempts to commit the update.

breakdown of free() Requests Benchmark Threads %local %remote %offline Larson 16 37% 17% 49% Larson 64 11% 16% 73% Larson 256 6% 9% 85% mmicro 16 100% 0% 0% mmicro 64 100% 0% 0% mmicro 256 100% 0% 0% Linux-scalability 16 100% 0% 0% Linux-scalability 64 100% 0% 0% Linux-scalability 256 100% 0% 0% threadtest 16 13% 3% 84% threadtest 64 70% 0% 30% threadtest 256 93% 0% 7%  5.


DMTracker: Finding Bugs in Large-scale Parallel Programs by Detecting Anomaly in Data Movements.

the .rst probability determines the dependence.


), (6) where N is the number of executions of the transfer, S is the size of the data transferred, and .

we can use more advanced copy candidate extraction methods to support multiple references to one array [8], imperfectly nested loops [10], or indirectly accessed arrays [2].


While it is possible to decorate any kind of declarations with metadata (e.g., classes and .elds declarations), it is impossible to decorate a generic statement, an expression or a code block.

section 3 shows how @Java annotations can represent the change.


the .rst technique and is only invoked once at the begin ning of execution.

we compare the performance of our programming model with Charm++ under different execution scenarios.


In our optimized mapping, the perfect square meshes, 22x22 and 45x45, are compressed onto 32x16 and 64x32, then they are folded into 3D grids (Section 3.2) and dilation 4 is realized.

uRL: http:// www.research.ibm.com/ actc/ projects/ mpitracer.shtml.


Grammars as such allow in a declarative and highly convenient manner to describe the protocol structure of the communication events.

java Jr: Fully abstract trace semantics for a core Java language.


These mechanisms range from generating random inputs for methods (JCrasher [6]), to using symbolic execution [12] to create a symbolic representation of a program s execution (Symstra [16]), to many more.

during symbolic execution, concrete conditions, i.e., conditions composed of only concrete values, are handled normally, since the truth-value of the condition can be calculated and the correct execution path can be followed.


In ACM International conference on Supercomputing (ICS), pages 249 258, 2006.

if the heuristic fails to .nd a solution, we perform an extra step and .nd all directed cycles to identify the implied fusion requirements.


It can be used to test the communication performance of a system because it is very message intensive.

3.3 Runtime System: Dynamic Array Section Data Flow Analysis The role of the RTS is to evaluate global use (GUSE) sections, schedule and execute communications.


Note that, t > o, o is 16 bits in our case.

abstractingwith creditis premitted.Tocopyotherwise,to republish, toposton serversorto redistributeto lists, requiresprior speci.c permission and/ora fee.


We picked a faulty version of the program and one test input that reveals the bug.

we have experimentally validated that automatic suggestions for .xes is ef.cient when we additionally restrict the search to common classes of programmer errors, such as replacement of comparison operators (e.g., < by =) or off-by-one arithmetic errors.


Note that method m of class F calls method n of class H. Figure 7c shows the result of one more refinement.

if a singly-linked list has both insert and delete operations, when the structure becomes doubly-linked, both operations must be updated to work on doubly-linked lists.


In Proceedings of the 9th international Software Metrics Symposium, pages 40 49.

maintenance cost of systemsduring thepastdecadesincreased to more than 70 % of the overall cost of systems [21] because of many factors such as changes in software environment, new users requirements, and quality of systems[2].


The results for other four data sets(PC1, PC4, KC1, JM1) are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.

in Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Predictor models in software engineering, PROMISE 08, pages 11 18, New York, NY, USA, 2008.


This is useful in the case of a dynamic disassembler: running with stronger consistency models mayleave uncovered(i.e., non-disassembled) code.Instead, RC-CC forcesthedisassembly of the missing code.

third,S2 E usesdynamicbinary translationtodirectlyinterpret x86 machine code, soit can analyze a wide range of software,including proprietary systems, even if self-modifying or JITed, as well as obfuscated andpackedbinaries.


Visual Basic was the programming language we used to develop our front end user interface, while Microsoft Access 7.0 was used to store, data processing, analysis, retrieve, and update our education database.

if the developer is able to reuse design, model or code form common software architecture as a whole, a new application can be constructed with significantly few modification and adoptions, instead of developing an entire system, when only individual components can be reused, therefore lots of resources will be saved [2].


Moreover, these applications also allocate many large objects (the average object sizes of crypto.aes and crypto.svf are 48KB and 1.2KB, respectively).

the FR approach yields the highest MMU throughout execution.


Performance property theories for predictable assembly from certi.able components (PACC).

the PSK s reasoning frameworks also provide some measure of con.dence for their results, though the means di.er.


Furthermore, there are some global O-Constraints such as m = (left + right)~2; to-gether with formal/actual ¢-constraints we obtain mid = m = 2,1ast = right = 4 (condition 1 and 3).

slices can be quite imprecise for realistic languages and programs, even if the best known algorithms are used.


To protect adjoining values from interference, writing a sub-register is typically implemented using a read-modify-write pattern, e.ectively doubling the number of load and store operations necessary to perform a single write.

categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Constructs and Features domain-speci.c languages; D.1.2 [Programming Techniques]: Automatic Programming program synthesis; D.2.3 [Software Engineering]: Coding Tools and Techniques General Terms Design,Languages,Reliability  Keywords Device drivers, systems programming, domain-speci.c languages 1.


A telecommunication system is modeled as a set of active components which communicate by sending and receiving signals.

in Object-Oriented Technology ECOOP'97, LNCS 1357, Jyv~iskyl~i, Finland, 1997.


The potential aliasing between the access paths in a static topology, however, complicates keeping track of what is reachable from the pointer component.

when an iterator of a composite object is passed into a procedure as a parameter, we assume that the objects accessed via this iterator are not parts of composite objects.


the Android library custom implementations of core Java library classes (including collections) that we analyze.


All unmarked dependencies are removed from the dynamic dependence graph.

the number of test cases may still be very large especially for large systems.


this candidate might not .t control/block structures of the method body.


For the correlation analysis we used the Spearman rank correlation ..

15% of all developers are responsible for almost 80% of all revisions.


We found that using SMN resulted in better performance than rarest-.rst, which in turn performed better than deadline.

peers already longer in the system have good piece distribution in terms of how much those are needed.


[13] Birrell A. D., Nelson B. J., Implementing Remote Procedure Calls, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, Vol.

an agent mediated message passing model is proposed in [9].


All runs in paths have been constructed by evaluating differently branch instances in dif f w.r.t.

dif f ; 20. pr = generatePaths(newpaths, br, dif f 1); 21. if (pr != Null) 22. return pr; 23. else 24. for each p in paths do 25. p3 = sub-path of p from br to eop; 26. if (p3 is infeasible) 27. remove p from paths; 28. if (paths is empty set) 29. return Null; 30. br= branch instance just prior to br in pf ; 31. return Null;  Figure 3: Algorithm to generate a successful run from the failing run before proceeding to construct any other runs, since these two runs will lead to the same bug reports.


The suggestions for tool enhancements indicate that the relationship between dashboards and feeds is not clear-cut.

it allows for early insights into the role that these tools can play in collaborative software development.


124, University of Geneva, Oct. 2000. ftp: //cui.unige.ch/pub/tios/papers/TR-124-2000.pdf.

with the aid of setLimit, the parent is able to adjust the resource limits for the children domains.


Then, we can make the rewriting below:      <xsl:call-template name="T0"/>       If the select attribute is missing, an xsl:apply-templates instruction processes all the children of the current node.

the precision of this resolution determines the effects of the optimizations discussed later in this paper.


To de.ne con.icts formally, we have to begin with some informal understanding of the term policy con.ict .

multiple execution of an action can cause to different subsequent states, e.g.


In this work, we focused on business process modelling and chose UML activity diagrams for their representation.

an examination of the publicly available activity diagrams shows that the large majority of the modellers are completely undisciplined and produce activity diagrams without following any style.


In our case, we are interested in a solution that is fault-tolerant with respect to failing and restarting processes and failing and restarting nodes.

due to the differences in the implemented algorithms the interface functions that return all alive nodes and the one returning all dead nodes, could not be provided.


s PNUTS [9], and MySQL) through an extensible benchmark framework.


At the conclusion of this panel, each panelist will be asked to answer the question: XP Customer Role: Fad or Fashion?

our research involves studying the XP customer by conducting extensive interviews with members of XP teams, including the customer, and even people in the messy world where software matters.


We also considered scenarios where the transfer size is increased by 1-10GB per migration.

at the end of each epoch, it searches for job migrations that would lower the overall cost to complete the set of running jobs.


k., Zhu, L., Wang, Q., Zhang, H. and Xu, X.


However, this adaptive process has a negative side effect, namely that sensory accuracy decreases, leading to impaired discrimination abilities.

speech sound perception training aims at refining representational features and will focus on (a) brief sounds such as stop consonants; (b) sustained spectrally confusable sounds such as certain fricatives; and (c) distinction among vowels.


For a systolic problem, the memory processors feed the input streams into the compute processors, and the decoupling procedure is almost trivial.

instruction-Level Parallel Processing: History, Overview and Perspective.


Once we walk the student through its use and show how the solution to a problem comes from following the methodology s steps, the student leaves and does not need further help.

teaching students to build parameterized container classes in CS-2 will not diminish our ability to introduce them to OOD in CS-1.


Recursion by tying a knot in the heap Recall the restricted idiom of jumping that avoids recursion, as given in Figure 3 and discussed in Section 3.1.

in this idiom, all that the code does is overwrite p, so it can assume pto point to any type.


Input language transformation has been demonstrated for Matlab/Simulink [11 ].

core execution times (the time process execution or communication would take if the resource was exclusive) also have to be known.


They provide a description of system states before and after the execution of use cases as conditions.

there is no indication to how these use cases would execute.


Work is ongoing to extend our model to make the DUC model more applicable from engineering s perspective.

dUC can be decomposed into several building blocks, and some of them will play the aforementioned three roles, i.e.


Statistical mechanics of complex networks.

there is a need for resilient consensus algorithms that are low complexity and operate using only local information.


in order to save space, only the OUTSi sets of some statements are displayed since these statements pass the INSi set directly to the OUTSi set.


A research type facet is an abstract description of the activity stage in the engineering cycle that is in scope of a contribution.

it remained unclear if measurements supported activity-oriented or artefact-oriented REPI.


As the primary author of the EROS system [18] and its successor Coyotos [20], both of which are high-performance microkernels, it seems fair to characterize myself primarily as a hardcore systems programmer and security architect.

for comparison, the corresponding context switch on a 90Mhz Pentium was between 1.35 and 2.4 µs, and even at that speed was very slow in proportion to the surrounding machine.


This approach simpli.es the development cycle, as well as our veri.cation of fault-tolerance.

we can check that the action htsis always enabled using Aalwda yyshPno s s i bplcea(htsm .


The ratios were computed by running the Dhrystone 2.1 benchmark on the two systems.

in Proceedings of Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference,March 2002.


In the case of SDI, as shown figure 7, SCA always keeps free spaces being contiguous and compact.

based on these metrics, we can evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed allocation method.


With the growing heterogeneity of workload and resources, this solution became 1This TORQUE can be obtained at: https://github.com/CESNET/torque.

money cannot be used to de.ne the order in which users and their (pending) workload will use the resources [3].


Case B: Here, a tuple of V1 and a tuple of V3 are considered (see Figure 2.B).

the storage cost for .ne grained data provenance is linear with the number of data tuples and the re-use of data tuples which is expensive.


MetaCentrum serves the scienti.c community and provides its resources for free.

for example, DRF assumes that users tasks and resources are in.nitely divisible [5], [7], which is rather unrealistic for scienti.c applications.


Our study points out that the source code of applications does not always evolve in sync with changes to the database schema, or it makes assumptions about schemas that can easily be violated.

if the database schema is older than the application schema, i.e., X >Y , the routine brings it up to date using step-wise migration (lines 12 31) consisting of a suite of transformations Y .


Clearly we cannot allocate the whole X10 heap with the CUDA allocation function.

each thread block in the kernel lasts for a short time, the running time of the kernel is due to the very large number of blocks.


§2.1), the encryptions/garblings here cannot be operated on directly, but require helper information which is generated and sent to C in the setup phase in form of a garbled table for each gate.

technical report, Certicom Research, 2000.


For example, in addition to the class dependencies and call graphs, we would like to see this class in the context of its enclosing package, along with dependencies on other packages.

scoping should go hand in hand with the inspection of high level design metrics and identification of anti-patterns.


First, we assume that for each query symbol q there is a .xed tuple v of variables with the corresponding length and that each query with the symbol q is of the form q(v).

the development efforts may need to be repeated to a large extent once a different proof rule is employed, or programs in a different programming language are considered as input.


6 The current implementation of the WebFormulate system uses the Orion EJB application server (www.orionserver.com).

if errors are found, the client connection is notified; otherwise, the continual query is persisted to a CQBean that represents the continual query as a whole, and a ScheduleBean that represents the scheduling aspects of the continual query such as the time-based trigger, termination, and notification conditions.


: S0 P .A-LTL/LTL, we use the following algorithm to mark the states of P with su.cient/necessary conditions in order for P to satisfy .. A product automaton is de.ned to be a tuple: Q =(SQ , S0 Q , T Q ), where SQ is a set of states with two .elds: (pstate, nextform).

we mark received1 with obligations inv and !ready U sent.


In the direct execution mode, instructions from the user-space of virtual machine are executed directly on the physical CPU.

as Xen employs paravirtualization, the virtual machine is aware of its address space and directly handles the physical address, improving the memory access performance.


Pre-eminent works on energyaware operating systems are ECOSystem [16], Odyssey/Power-Scope [5] and Quanto [6].

we also need to modify Android s framework to intercept the system calls to monitor resources usage by applications and changes in contextual data, while also enabling communication between Android components and ErdOS ones: ActivitiesManager.


Xoc decides the meaning of syntax patterns in two di.erent ways.

these attributes can be used to de.ne any traversal order, which is expanded lazily as it is used.


Removing unnecessary semicolon does not a.ect the semantics of program.

3.1 Syntactically Detectable Non-.x Hunks 1.


Section 4 presents our experience in using these ideas in YinYang, while interesting semantic and implementation details are discussed in Section 5.

observe that D(p, World, World.world) = 0 is derived from a binding relationship; by weakening this relationship to prevent its use in deriving other B relationships, our problem is solved.


average utilization rate on distributed servers).


It can also identify situations where in one clone a simple variable is used and in another clone a method call is used instead.

this work assumes that the determination of the parameterized elements is already provided.


For the initial execution replicas, the bft fopen() call is identical to fopen().

how does replica k begin to execute requests without any application state?


[7] report the successful use of the elementary pragmatic model from communication theory in a controlled environment to trigger combinatorial creativity during requirements acquisition.

most current brainstorming work refers back to Osborn s text [9] on principles and procedures of creative problem solving (CPS).


INTRODUCTION In group communication GC systems, causal message ordering [2] is an essential tool to ensure interaction among group members in a consistent way with respect to the happens before relationship [1].

bMobi Causal outperforms its counterparts with respect to communication overhead.


For example, if two applications are simultaneously polling a temperature sensor at different rates, then the framework must maintain data until both applications receive their copy.

to make driver implementation simple, driver developers can use a base class provided by the framework development team to handle the communication between the driver and the framework.


From a geometrical point of view correspondence analysis provides a method for representing data in a Euclidian space so that the results can be visually examined for structure.

what is truly valuable is the knowledge that can be extracted from the stored data.


QIM / re-ADA provides the explicit loci around which designers are able to stress and evaluate the non-functional properties (such as dependability and interoperability) during architectural design.

a group of legacy subsystems or components are to be incorporated to work together without needing to replace all subsystems at the same time.


Since Java prohibits transforming some built-in classes,our implementation does not allow revising a class if it isinstantiated within those built-in classes.


The smallest cells have side length 2¯r, they are the atomic units of re.nement.

our experience with the PAFT even for simple 3D geometries suggests that generic domain decompositions obtained from state-of-theart partitioning libraries can not always be meshed by stateof-the-art sequential AFT meshers like Jmesh [27]1 .simple block domain decompositions can create, for the subdomains, arti.cial and arbitrarily small features between the external boundary of the domain and the interfaces of the subdomains that deteriorate the quality of the elements.


Furthermore, and once again analogous to the enterprise space, Clouds can democratize access to computational and data resources.

the proposers will aim to convey the idea that some of these variables are often dif.cult to manage manually and their choice needs to be supported through autonomic techniques.


When a programmer clicks on a rectangle in BoxView, the corresponding statement is selected in the program code.

phD thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 1992.


Figure 10 plots the results of required communications (e.g., number of hops).

furthermore, because of their synchronized iterations, these approaches generate an important number of packets collisions which may decrease the overall network performances (query responsiveness).


Better service may also reduce the number of users who "balk" and abandon the service.

[9] Mohit Aron, Peter Druschel, and Willy Zwaenepoel.


In addition, inconsistencies and mismatches among components can be detected.

the real situation is often quite different.


Many authors have proposed to draw stronger boundaries between components [12, 17, 29].

the policies presented in this section have a different quality than those summarized in [25].


since the result is guarded by a, the function is expected to return a wrapped number.const-.ve returns an unwrapped number, so applications such as (const-.ve 7)violate the contract.


ARROWS We brie.y recall Hughes s de.nitions from [12].

the sliding rule can move only pure computations on the recursively de.ned value from the end of the loop to the start; moving general computations would change the order of computational e.ects.


If the frequency of messages is low, failure to check the send-busy flag may not cause lost messages because the buffer is more likely to be free anyway.

tracing operations, which record run-time events for diagnosis, are inserted in the given C program before the cross compiler converts it to the machine code.


3.2 Discussion Our approach to online hardware/software partitioning is derived from two strategies.

next, the computational node c1 fails in Fig.


[7] R. Kumar, D. M. Tullsen, P. Ranganathan, N. P. Jouppi, and K. I. Farkas.

moreover, migrations, enabled by binary rewriting, reduce signi.cantly the ANTT in multiprogram workloads where applications exhibit varying speedup potential from PE instructions.


The user can then interact with the simulation results using the visualization applet shown in Figure 7, this experiment plan to result visualization by distributing kidney modeling simulations over grid resources that have largely reduced the complexity of the usage and the computation time for batch experiments.

we are able leverage various existing Grid technologies and build on our experience in the development of Grid-based platforms for e-Science applications in life sciences area.


We distinguish computational design from other realms of programming in that decisions in computational design primarily determine the aesthetics of an object rather than its behavior.

to use the library, a user imports it into the Processing environment and then writes and compiles code using the Processing editor.


WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database.

the schema of the e-node relation has source and target esd objects.


two otherprinciples,fault tolerance and avoidance of unnecessary synchronization,in.uenced ourde.nition.Forfault tolerance, wedo not rely onjust one clientpassing a single switch value.For ef.ciency reasons, we avoid the requirement that all clients switch with the same value because it would imply solving a potentially expensive agreement problem.


For initialization, we used the scan with the maximal frequ(1, 1,j).

we investigated further strategies additionally to the elimination of outliers.


is assigned to function pointer fp, RacerX automatically propagates its annotation to all other functions assigned to the same function pointer.

it may lead to a lower ranking for errors that involve such pointers than would otherwise be warranted.


An intuitive interpretation of the model in terms of processor balance [6, 8, 11, 33, 35] is given in § 4.

as the problem size increases the computation time grows faster than communication time.


Abstraction level: colours Output Modality Orientation sizing policies Aspect-ratio Screen resolution Figure 3: Re-using attributes for 640x480 screen This makes it much easier to add support for new/different devices.

in the form of a style-sheet, a presentation model, or a tailor-made adaptation engine).


(c) againstTheGrain (Algorithm 4) performs queries to discover edges between components with decreasing position.

none of the algorithms will ever perform the same query more than once.


When it reads the value ., it knows the previous read value was the .rst to be written, hence it is the decision value.

the idea behind Algorithm 2 is that participating processes write to the iterator stack, with the .rst process to write winning and its value becoming the decision value.


To improve the e.ectiveness of the optical system we use a Fraen acrylic concentrator on the LED to create a cone of light with an internal angle of 30 degrees.

the algorithms for docking and navigation can be instatiated to other hardware systems with di.erent architecture but similar capabilities.


In fact, to guarantee termination, it is suf.cient to have C := T in line [5].

to make abstraction-based testing as powerful as abstract interpretation, our method creates fabricated states,intermediate program states that are not necessarily reachable states of the program.


Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).

counters measure execution frequencies and AST stability.


recovery: ld x=[y] br next (a) original program (b) speculative version Figure 1.

in our algorithm, if p does not point to a (either by alias profile and/or heuristic rules), the .


In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, pages 125 135, 2003.

there is much less support for informal artifacts, especially those in natural langauge, and the broad range of traceability required across the life-cycle of a system [16].


In the case of a high-speed railway system we would have to select and compose: the triple redundancy to provide a safety level while assuring a high availability, a black channel for ensuring safe communications, and others.

those patterns typically need to be slightly adapted in order to be integrated into the target embedded system.


A software fault detection mechanism inserts instructions to compare the original and redundant values of these two operands just before branches, and if the values differ an error is signaled.

in these experiments, SWIFT demonstrates exceptional fault-coverage with a reasonable performance cost.


Once a component assembly has been made, the reasoning engine must select which global non-functional properties need to be measured, before proceeding to generation of the CPN model of the system derived from the component model.


On average, our analysis removes more than twice as many targets as RTA; this improved precision is bene.cial for reducing the cost and improving the precision of subsequent interprocedural analyses.


annotated rules for the right-recursive version contains the rule (R ).


The .gure shows what happens when BAMBOO receives events such as application join requests, network messages, or timers causing reattempted joins.

for best performance it may be necessary to register handlers for such upcalls.


SemDiff[8] could suggest the replacement of the old constructor call, however, it does not suggest the setter method-call deletions because it does not consider the usage context when recommending adaptations.

an algorithm for differential .le comparison.


Introduction Software visualization is the use of the crafts of typography, graphic design, animation, and cinematography with modern humancomputer interaction and computer graphics technology to facilitate both the human understanding and effective use of computer software [7].

figure 1 shows the overall architecture of VET3D.


The resulting effect is that the underlying physical computing infrastructure is virtualized into service containers that are capable of delivering applicationspecific service levels, in this case ten RUBiS requests per second.

even with these facilities, application developers must still provide some metadata about the interfaces to their components to support dynamic placement.


[5] D. Beyer, A. J. Chlipala, T. A. Henzinger, R. Jhala, and R. Ma jumdar.

the numerical decision procedure will have no di.culty in deciding that the constraints are not satis.able.


The chair has more explicit information such as that it has four legs and that it has space for a single person to sit on.

we then generalise C1 and C2 to Cg that has a parameter p which can process t1, t2, and anything of type T .


A test case can be developed by specifying a set of inputs leading to a given execution path in the inter-procedural CFG.

when an anticipated event is triggered, its task posting units will be interleaved with the execution chain of existing events.


There may be cases where the assistant does not have updated information, where it lacks information or where it makes the wrong deductions.

successively, such information can be presented on an I feel lucky display, inspired by the I m feeling lucky interface proposed by Google, but, on your smartphone, in many cases without any need for input.


We discuss the technical aspects to be considered and show that Cuckoo can bring good incentives of adoption for both service providers and end users.

we can expect a much higher performance when the expensive external storage facilities are available.


Neither FAs nor VPAs actually emit anything (except a yes/no answer); what we mean is that agivenstring isacceptedbytheproducer sautomaton.

the VPA s constraints on the return transitions from the exit node of outputInt to each of the two return sites restricts thedata .ow, thus theproducer s language is inferred tobe .


In this paper, we focused on reducing unexpected performance degradation in multi-threaded applications that can arise from interthread cache contention and sub-optimal placement of correlated threads across multiple cores.

otherwise, it is caused by false sharing.


For example, instead of declaring h as above, we could have the following de.nition: h::a. IOa hx= returnx The idea here is just that we anticipate the use of IO byanypossible advice.

languages such as AspectML or Aspectual Caml, where pointcuts are de.ned separately from advices, offers better support for pointcut programming .


GEMS supports constraints on metamodels that are expressed in Java only, but the GEMS Intelligence extension supports OCL and other constraint languages.

in terms of complexity, most rules are in fact more similar to the non_empty_desc constraint described in the previous section.


CONCLUDING REMARKS Contention managers were .rst proposed in [10], and a comprehensive survey on the subject is due to Scherer and Scott [23].

contention managers, by contrast, are highly decentralized :one transaction decides whether to abort another based only on a comparison of the two transactions states.


Observe that the executions of such a program can be arbitrarily long.

recall that the grammar Gt for a thread t is constructed in two steps: in a .rst step, a grammar G ' t is constructed that matches the behaviour of the thread is de.ned; in a second step, loop productions of the form X .


Accurate estimation of test e.ort is an extremely complex task that must be based on many factors [9].

the development of Model 4 did lead to several noteworthy di.erences.


However, those approaches often have parameters that need to be speci.ed or tuned of.ine, and need some time to converge to the optimal(or nearoptimal) decisions.

40 20 0 In System S, the SLO violation rate is the fraction of data tuples thathaveprocessing delay larger than thepre-de.ned SLO threshold(20 ms).


To explore the impact of seek characteristics on performance isolation behavior, we again use Program 1 and Program 2,the microbenchmarks described in Section 5.1.2.

the last request was dispatched when Ti k <Qi, but the time to service the request was larger than the remaining time in the quantum.


Software tools that support them often require a user to specify the diagram type in advance, and only allow the use of the appropriate primitives.

other critics, focused on creative modeling, argue that UML is too strict, and suggested that investment in creating complete models is not cost-effective [1].


Notice that 0 cannot bypass the current step location 5 (node 5 postdominates node 0).

this is done by changing the else condition on the line 12 of PathSlice (Figure 1) to be: if ¬tk & ¬WrBt.


Some of the most useful queries include: Why was a particular .le rebuilt?

as an example, if foo.c includes bar.h,and bar.h in turn includes baz.h, then foo.c should be recompiled if either bar.h or baz.h changes.


This lifts transactions to the method call level, and nested transactions represent nested method calls.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci£c permission and/or a fee.

we then scan the rows of P ' from top to bottom, appending them at the end of C, O or R.given row number j in P ' : 'j (a) If p 1 is a variable, then append row j at the end of R. 'j (b) If p 1 is a constructor pattern, then.


Again, it s often not typicalend users who fol ow the blog and manyof these people we also hearfrom inothervenues (such as otherforums and conferences).

participating inthe discussionforums was useful because it validated issues we were seeing elsewhere, raised awareness fordevelopers (who tookforum feedbackveryseriouslyand oftenused it to escalate the process of resolving a problem), and general ygave us broad input that wasn't limited to the areas we focused oninusabilitytesting.


The code snippets to check this obviously belong to the security concern.

desert is an IDE in which developers can create a virtual .le to make navigation among code snippets ef.cient.


The amount of CPU and e.ectiveness of the CPU dictates relative performance.


Since the kernels only operate on a section of the input keys, the results outputted by Kernel 3 are intermediate, and are used as the input for the next iteration.

the AMD Radeon HD7970, hereafter referred to as the HD7970, is used as the reference GPU when explaining the general GPU processing and memory model.


In Proceedings of the Network and Distributed Systems Security Symposium, Feb. 2004.

softBound sets these bounds without requiring writing the metadata to memory.


[1]l.sp [7] :Else [8] sp[3 ~,]~-o 1+2xI [9] tree~-tree,[1]1.sp [i0] Cj por)~-sp[1 2]  [11] left~-(data[;]]Compare por)gdata [12] rlg]~t~-(-data[;]]Compare por)gdata [13] tree~-tree.

the tree of that reduced size is shown in Figure 6 (a plot was created in the R statistical system): V71 < O.,OO321J23 V31111BK O.g14041S3 L4 LB VSB < O.L, .1 SB7 VBI < 0 .L8 4.


In the future, more research work will be carried out based on the framework proposed in this paper.

although some errors can be handled by specific BPEL fault handlers with the deployed BPEL code, most errors are too complex to be handled locally.


Moreover, single products can be built independ- ently, each with a different architecture.

d. Garlan, M. Shaw, C. Okasaki, C. Scott, and R. Swonger.


In order to take advantage of the state-effect pattern, the game developer must design effects that appropriately delay the update until the end of the simulation loop.

much of this work has focused on tools that make design accessible to inexperienced programmers.


The de-serialized object instances are used as seeds for Randoop to generate more object instances.

this method can be dif.cult or time-consuming to implement.


For each benchmark, we use Pin [15] to pro.le the memory instructions that frequently incur redundant loads, as in prior work [16].

we lose the gains of the original parallelism.


In this work, we use mutation coverage in order to generate test data for designs in Simulink by using metaheuristic algorithms including genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and artificial immune system.


Hard QoS requirements should be met by the underlying system at all times, whereas soft QoS requirements can be missed occasionally.2 For our case study, we treat QoS requirements such as latency and jitter as harder QoS requirements and strive to meet these requirements at all times.

feddback Performance Control in Software Services.


Full proofs can be downloaded from http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/ ncameron/papers/ cameron ftfjp09 proofs.pdf 3.

variant Parametric Types: A Flexible Subtyping Scheme for Generics.


Once a node is found to be in dispute with f + 1 distinct nodes, it can be identi.ed as faulty, and excluded from the algorithm s execution.

by the construction of G,there must be at least one set F .V that explains W and does not contain the source node 1.


As TaRGeT has many features implemented, due to limited space it is not possible to show everything here.

it goes beyond source code and other kinds of reusable assets, and might transform FM and CK as well.


Another popular P2P system, Tarzan, o.ers sender anonymity through message relay [11].

suppose that Peer S sends a query with TTL value 0 to peer A.


A possible implementation strategy has the tool travers- ing the reflected information, building a temporary do- clet structure, and then passing its root (necessar-ily of type sun.

concepts and experiments in computational reflec- tion.


ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE Weapplied theproposed approach totheEnterpriseStorageManagementSystem(ESMS)case study 4 .

the class diagram of the system contains no association relationship between the EBTs and the BOs of the concept.


Second, DFA learning requires both positive and negative examples.

method call instruction, one of the most frequently used instructions, is in this category.


In order to fully define the real-world object, TableCode extends the metadata that define the OO units, ad hoc, according to each realworld object and domain needs.

tableCode defines the object in databases, then extends this definition (1) vertically by relating the object to the application model and the domain model that the object is a part of; and (2) horizontally by adding more definition and description to the object model (as well as to the application and the domain model) in order to fully define the object and the environment which surrounds it.


The times for task execution, message passing and packing are shown in different colors.

the network topology of Mira is well balanced and shows excellent weak scalability out to 128K cores.


In order to increase clarity and facilitate this placing, the Project may have a drawing of the facility associated with it.


The components described in this section and the next are being integrated into a resilient MOM system and the full system is being constructed and tested as part of the EU FP7 GEMOM project using a wide range of case studies [6].

this   mechanism exploits the correlation between different items using the variances and covariances of the workload components.


An additional register contains the SRAM address of the flow-specific state.

one queue contains pointers to empty buffers in Pentium memory, and the other contains pointers to full buffers in Pentium memory.


Additionally, it o.ers a simple way to assess results and to compare di.erent prediction models and systems.

[12] A. Marcus, D. Poshyvanyk, and R. Ferenc.


The framework also outputs the distances of these boundary joinpoints from the matched joinpoints, being measured to quantify aspect NonNegativeArg { pointcut checkarg() : execution(public boolean *.

aOP focuses on the modularization of concerns as appropriate for the host language and provides a mechanism for describing concerns that crosscut each other.


In this article, we begin exploring these conjectures.

for every testing session i, in which test case tc passed, hi takes the value 0.


The organization of this paper is as follows: a review of literature is given in the next section; the third section presents the two clustering algorithms that are used for this research; in the fourth section the experiment and its results are addressed; and finally, the last section discusses the conclusion of this study.

two issues have been tested in this research: a) does this method (the use of clustering algorithms) of data summarization work for this kind of research (i.e.


It is well-known and widely used in industry and academic research settings.

nothing is said in the literature about the impact of making available UML design models that show different kinds of composition details, which allow us to express the nuances of its properties (e.g., composition scope).


Historically, transistor densities have doubled at roughly eighteenmonth intervals; a trend allowing processor speeds to grow at a phenomenal rate.

stopless: a real-time garbage collector for multiprocessors.


Using and Operating Wireless Wensor Network Testbeds with WISEBED.

tdma based cooperative sensing using sdr platform for cognitive radio.


[9] R. Hall, A. L. Rosenberg, and A. Venkataramani.

little e.ort has been invested in comparing and .nding a common root for existing approaches.


it has been well perceived and applied in the last two years in roughly a dozen projects, both research and product development.


IEEE International Conference on Web Services, (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 2006), IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USAI, 401-410.

their approach can be viewed as orchestration, and ConGolog procedures can be seen as workflows as they can encode various control flow elements.


The expected latency depends at least on the HW/SW platform, real-time requirements and use case related to the event(s).

design of a clock synchronization subsystem for parallel embedded systems.


To provide reproducible results, the traces must be run on a single .le-system image.

iMovie stores its data in a library that contains directories for raw footage and projects, and .les containing video footage thumbnails.


Loop dimensions that are assigned to a block or thread should be made implicit.

can also be generated from the same sequential C source, and automatically rendered in the corresponding target-speci.c source (OpenMP, etc.).


First, we use it to create a fast FIFO wait-free queue.

operations almost always complete using thefast path only, and the execution is fast.


The domain model represents certain facts about the environment with logical propositions.

for instance, consider a single requirement where there are two candidates.


had responsibility for installing and con.guring the IO node.

there were a few feature of Gordon that were well suited to hosting this project, namely: High-performance GridFTP servers attached to Data Oasis [5], which were critical to getting data to Gordon at a faster pace than the analysis could be completed.


In practice, however, it is common to simply select a small constant value for e, which is used throughout the learning period.

the theoretically correct decay sequences typically lead to impractically slow learning.


We were lucky with our choice of Haskell and GHC and, in light of our experience, we would make the same choice again.

categories and Subject Descriptors D.1.1 [Programming Techniques]: Applicative (Functional) Programming; D.2.3 [General]: Coding Tools and Techniques; D.3.2 [Programming Languages]: Language Classi.cations Applicative (functional) Languages General Terms Experimentation, Human Factors, Languages, Performance Keywords functional programming, Haskell, commercial programming, .nancial systems 1.


d 5.3 Result Summary The current implementation is Python-based and does not meet high standards for ef.ciency, but still, the running time is in the order of minutes rather than hours.


The second heuristic applied, the cost-only heuristic, derives an ordering from the costs incurred by the variables evaluation.

4.1 Redundancy Elimination Since a BDD representation corresponds to an evaluation strategy, redundant evaluations of atomic pointcuts can be characterized by a simple syntactic property: the existence of paths from source to sink on which more than one split is labeled with the same variable or, equivalently, the existence of paths which are not taken for any state x [24]; BDDs without such inconsistent paths are called free or read-once.


Second, the model checker can verify that, while in a particular context, an event adheres to the strictures of that context.

a series of transitions that ultimately handle a message is called a transition chain, and though it was triggered by an event, as a shorthand we will call the transition chain itself an event.


If the assignments Vj:=7(Vi)and Vk:=7(Vi)were translated into constraints Vj=Viand Vk=ViV rather than into Vj<Viand Vk<Vi, as it is done by ABCD, the constraint system would imply Vj=Vk.


Strict.nal is an attribute of type (We will explain about strict.nal later).

our translator enables those applications to be written in Java and run on GPGPUs while exploiting a rich modularization mechanism in Java.


active transitions since a phase has to be active to be disabled.

cRCs are commonly used to check the validity of data transmitted over a network and have an advantage over conventional checksums in that the order of the bytes of data does affect the result [18].


([21], p. 39)  In his book, Meyrowitz argued that new media have an extraordinary potential for creating new types of social spaces.

but Lessig largely argues at the societal level, as do most writers about social control, online privacy, cyber-crime, and the like.


In [18], the user behaviour is studied for di.erent categories of media.

a backup parent without redundant bandwidth is not e.ective, either.


¯b ' 1, ¯¯' '' b2 =(a,f+ f ' ).b2,and ¯b1 =¯b2.Intuitively, ¯b1 =¯b2 if for each i such that ¯b2 has a break at position i,it is the case that ¯b1 also has a break at that position, and moreover, if the block of ¯b2 at that position is (a,f)then at that position, ¯b1 has a sequence of zero blocks followed by a block (a,f ' )such that the length of the entire sequence is f. To get an intuitive understanding of our subtyping relation, note that if f=f ' then N -£ N -£ ' ' 0(a,f)=0(a,f ) as the LHS corresponds to integers less than 2£ which are a subset of integers less than 2£ ' which is what the type on the RHS corresponds to.

these types are used in a translation phase to remove bitwise operations from the program, thereby allowing veri.cation engines to avoid the expensive low-level reasoning required for analyzing bitvector operations.


Each transaction also appends a history record to an audit trail.

in the general case where a failure does not occur during diff propagation, recovery is fast and only consists of recon.guration action, reassigning new page and lock homes where necessary, and resuming the failed threads on the backup node.


Some of these techniques have been integrated in developer toolsets (e.g., [13, 5]).

we advocate that, analogous to the case of framework support for automatic output sanitization, web development languages and frameworks should support the automatic validation of web application inputs as an additional security measure against both XSS and SQL injection vulnerabilities, as well as other security-relevant application logic .aws.


Speci.cally, our algorithm is an iterative process andworks as follows.We .rst sort all the scalar superwords  Input: A sequence of statements of a basic block, S =< Input: A set of decided statement groups D Input: A set of superwords, P S1 ,S2 ,S3 , ..., Sn > Output: The ordering of thegroupsin D and the sequence Output: Data layout for P ' .P Output: A set of decided statement groups D Q of the statements in each group D .D 1: Initialize C;//C: set of scalar superwords; 1: Identify candidate statement group set G; 2: Initialize Y;//Y: set of array reference superwords; 1: Initialize DG;//DG:groupdependencegraph DG.

packing of  in  can be saved by reusing it in .


Another case study also found support for high efficiency of ET in defect detection, but highlighted difficulties in test coverage management [9].

it might have been confusing that the items describing test context were not necessarily mutually exclusive.


4.3 Implementation Issues In a .rst approach, we decided for model simulation.

most work presented in the literature can not deal properly with some issues related to application management.


Simple designs that consistently use a small number of general mechanisms [18] such as our e-mail client and web server should be more secure than conventional systems.

initially we programmed a set of simple AOs.


Problems with uracam not reduce register pressure suf.ciently, then back-tracking is used and selected instructions are un-scheduled in order to reduce register pressure.

[14] B. Rau, M. Lee, P. P. Tirumalai, and M. S. Schlansker.


Demonstration of Model-driven Performance Prediction of Distributed Real-time Embedded Systems of Systems* Marianne Rieckmann Daniel Fraser Vanea ChiprianovSchool of Computer Science School of Computer Science LIUPPA The University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide University Pau & Pays Adour Adelaide, Australia 5005Adelaide, Australia 5005France marianne.rieckmann@daniel.fraser@vanea.chiprianov@univadelaide.edu.au adelaide.edu.au pau.fr Claudia Szabo School of Computer Science The University of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia 5005 claudia.szabo@ adelaide.edu.au Katrina Falkner School of Computer Science The University of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia 5005 katrina.falkner@ adelaide.edu.au ABSTRACT Investigating the performance of system of systems raises signi.cant challenges due to their distributed and interconnected nature.

tools used in the execution phase are o. the shelf applications, with domain speci.c add-ons and scripts used to integrate Jenkins and the CUTS tool suite.


[13] T. Gawlitza, J. Leroux, J. Reineke, H. Seidl, G. Sutre, and R. Wilhelm.


In this case, blocks in the ghost LFU buffer are ordered by their frequency.

references observed at the system level are actually a mixed form of the unique reference patterns of in- dividual applications.


Sharing mobile code securely with information .ow control.

complex trust relationships can thus be expressed, enabling enforcement of complex information security controls.


PL-detective: A system for teaching programming language concepts.

given the growing user base, it is particularly important for us to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the PL-Detective.


At the introductory level, students should be given patterns to help solve real-world problems and experience the full lifecycle of a pattern.

the Visitor Pattern in the Game of Life   5.


We can possibly adopt a method based on a knowledge engineering approach.

the building blocks in the first group, which include organization, society, platform, rule, role, user, protocol, belief, desire, fact, goal, intention, and service, are modeled as OPM objects.


In this case study, only one subject was selected, since the size of the domain chosen was simple, e.g., due to time restrictions.

iMCS =0 meansthatthestability of theservice is very high.


Some even extend the term to include the Network Management business functions such as service provisioning, service level agreements (SLAs), and customer care functions.

[16] Knowing the probable network contribution to QOE when deployed in a live network can make for a more successful technology transfer program for a team of first responders.


3.5 Team Management Between waterfall and agile, there is a clear difference on how the project teams are constituted and managed.

most of the study has been from the perspective of the organization which is offshoring the work and not from the perspective of the organization which is undertaking the engagement.


They proposed a model: a re.nement mapping is considered legal if the image of the concrete theory under the mapping is exactly equivalent to the abstract theory.


built JavaGI, adding conditional inheritance to the type system [29], and incorporating Kennedy and Pierece s results to achieve the decidability missing from cJ [9].

moment for simplicity, any type t is essentially of the form i ti where each ti is an instantiation of some material and iranges over .


While randomness can be important in the design of experiments, assuming randomness again increases a location privacy protection strategy s vulnerability to adversarial attack.

adversaries monitoring continuous queries can also re.ne their knowledge of an individual s location by examining the spatial and temporal relationships embedded in information about movement over time.


Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 2002.

we can use attributes appropriately in the expression !a (see line 2 of postcondition checking method de.ned previously).


CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 9Note that there is no technical reason why the atype speci.cations couldn t be given separately and woven after the .rst de.nition of a speci.ed variable" or before returning from a speci.ed function".

[10] L. D. Rose, K. Gallivan, E. Gallopoulos, B.


INTRODUCTION In rural regions around the world, especially underdeveloped areas, it is often di.cult to gain access to basic healthcare.


The approach defines how the product variants are compared, how the resulting difference information is structured, and how the computed and aggregated variability information is made available to the user.


A main concern of these approaches lies on the needs of a common description model.

lNCS of Springer-Verlag, number 2959, 221-231.


Our solution to this problem is to use a boolean method s speci.cation to calculate .tness values.

in object-oriented programs, the state of an ob ject is hidden and is accessible only through a set of exported or public methods, called an interface.


[32] can be integrated into the environment in order to automate the collection and analysis of data.

experience with the Ace editor shows that different browsers and platforms are still a moving target, and require an ongoing effort to keep up.


It is always preferable to have values as high as possible for mean throughput, whereas as low as possible for delay, jitter, and BER/FER.

architecture of the decision algorithm At this stage, suitable limit values (upper and lower) for the four QoS parameters related directly to objectives 3-6 are mapped at the backend for each of the three service types.


[12] Krafzig, D.; Banke K., Slama D. Enterprise SOA Service Oriented Architecture Best Practices.

a metamodel is a model that describes the structure of models.


Eventually, the speculation con.guration will either settle to one that is faster than lazy evaluation, or in the worst case, all speculation will be disabled, and execution reverts back to lazy evaluation.

its basic premise is identical: use eager evaluation by default, together with an abortion mechanism to back out when eagerness turns out to be overoptimistic.


To rollback to a checkpoint, a programmer may call the following function: boolean restore_ckpt(Ckpt ckpt); This function takes a previously created checkpoint as an argument and restores the state at each node (again, consistently) to that at the speci.ed checkpoint.

cRR on its own is not suf.cient to properly handle network partitions.


these techniques fall short of MorphJ (and static re.ection work in general [14, 6, 7, 13]) in this respect.


The resulting report is stored in the previous service.

institutions could buy this additional infrastructure so that students enjoy reduced simulation times.


These are the most fundamental primitives to compose traversal specifications S: [A, t3] --the set of paths from class A to class B; this form corresponds to from A to/3.

the strategy adhoc(s, a) behaves like s except for data of a's input type; here it dispatches to a.


Related Work One of the .rst systems to use the .ush when full [25] approach to manage code cache or translation cache is Shade an instruction set simulator for execution pro.ling [7, 8].

the current cache size is approximately the same as the current cache usage.


This type of interaction, which we call Around-Device Interaction (ADI) has the potential to help to solve occlusion problems on small-screen mobile devices and scales well to small device sizes.

around-device interactions are independent of the physical size Figure 3.


Random number generators for massively parallel simulations on GPU.

remark 2: On the GPU there is no support for per-thread SIMD operations as the programming model addresses SIMD operations on the level of the warps.


V × V × Nat contains only edges between two vertices in di.erent partitions.

the de.nition of a similarity between stacks is very particular and The customer experiences some deadlocks on a server.


The parting of the ways: divergence, data management and collaborative work.

our web client has to be loaded from the same server on which the MongoDB is hosted, a small yet important limitation.


We correlate the topology of a region and the execution traces of the state machine by relating two levels of properties: transition properties and step properties.

there is no guarantee that j1 or j2 will be generated by region R2.


File Remove Performance on Jazz/Ethernet Additionally, as the number of servers increases, the probability of a long running interrupt occurring on one of the servers also increases [13].

the increasing range between the minimum and maximum recorded run times shown on the range bars demonstrates this phenomena.


A thread reaches a preemption point if it has finished ex- ecuting the current Java instruction and has not fetched the subsequent Java instruction.

every thread that reaches the preemption point, increments the counter by one.


RMJ still reports all actual and potential errors as each .le is modularly compiled.

cLOS and Dylan are dynamically typed, and Cecil requires global typechecking to ensure type safety of message sends [31].


The .gure on the left (b) represents a 2nd level Haar decomposition.

we report results obtained with the program defaults.


[35] R. Vall´ee-Rai, L. Hendren, V. Sundaresan, P. Lam, E. Gagnon, and P. Co. Soot -a Java optimization framework.

to make the notation less crowded, we omit the tildes on all domain operators.


In this case we use a limit test based on going past the end of an aligned block of size 2 k bytes.

after the br: We have committed the sequence.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.


WavePropagationExample So far, the description of MSP has been solely in the context of straight-line scan.

as shown inFigure12(c),because node2 and node3 aretoo closeto each other along the scan direction, they detect the scan almost simultaneously.


Updating the infrastructure When designing in the real world, the surrounding infrastructure holds a manifold of possible obstacles, especially for hardware.

when dealing with prototypes in complex environments, system failures are unavoidable.


In all of the FFIs we are aware of, there is little or no consistency checking between foreign and native code [4, 8, 15, 16, 17].

to enhance readability we omit labels and jumps, and instead show control-.ow with indentation.


Let eCndhebe the number of class names present in the constant pool at the end of a program run, andeLehaebe the number of classes loaded at time r. Figure 1 shows eLhe as a percentage of eCdeusing the default non-preloading (NP) classloader.

in Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2000 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, 2000.


The user wants to get some debugging relevant facts and the information how to repair the model.

the expressiveness available for DSL designers is limited to MOF/OCL.


We distinguish between product purchases where the quantity discount is Granted and those where it is Not Granted.

the latter are caused by wrong con.guration settings.


Current AOP frameworks can instrument method/function calls, but do not support loop instrumentation; our extension adds this capability.

from the perspective of monitoring instrumentation, the MOP work in some sense skipped the hard part, by simply implementing their ideas on top of AspectJ.


AHE does not manage resource availability; if a resource is down for maintenance for example, a user will be able to attempt to launch his application on the that resource, but the job will fail, and an error message will be passed back to the user.

current development is being funded by EU FP7 VPH-NoE (223920) and ContraCancrum (223979) projects.


Using the physical reality as a background to software architecture design can be regarded generic background, but is usually not discussed as an important principle.

this figure shows the percentage of software functions (per package), which have a higher than average number of feature variants.


INTRODUCTION The ability to overlay and to register digital information on the user s workspace in a spatially meaningful way allows Mixed Reality (MR) to be a more effective operational medium.

benford, S., Greenhalt, C. Reynard, G., Brown, C. and Koleva, B.


Players have to register at the supernodes of the subspaces of their interest.

[9] Jiang, J.-R., Chiou, J.-S., and Hu, S.-Y.


To .x the bug, an engineer reads the bug report, test case and requirement speci.cation.

users can choose to display and to work on any component appeared in the window.


The jmle animator [11, 25] works by generating a prototype implementation in Java, as does OCLexec, and throws an exception at runtime for certain constraints it cannot handle.

using this test, we can form the set of available employees and apply the built-in operation size to it.


(3) anonymous restricts the data point to only be considered in overall statistics derived from the data points in the feed, e.g., average values for an area or timespan.

the second component is the selected processing module.


to compute an access formula, we traverse CFG edges backward from the target memory reference.


ICT empowered learning innovation is likely going to come from the side of the digital natives users.

the specification allows an externally hosted tool to support many different LMS s with a single instance of the tool.


Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC 05), LNCS vol.

[31] R. Thakur, R. Rabenseifner, and W. Gropp.


Finally, in the second policy in the second require statement, we use the ForChild option.

our design constrains resources to be granted only from parent thread to child thread.


If some person is penalized, other members only know that someone has been penalized (via email), but not who is penalized.

in fact, one of them was fired in January.


[8] H. Chockler, O. Kupferman, and M. Y. Vardi.

rather than correcting the incorrectly vacuous formulas in our property set before proceeding with our experiment, we decided to use the property set as-is as a representative set of requirements that might be provided before a model is constructed.


This aspect is more mature in the field of software process measurement, since some proposals concerning thresholds for well known software engineering measures already exist.

information and Software Technology, 2005.


This is mostly a consequence of the ability to delay the insertion of objects into the database and perform them at a later point in a bulk operation.

the OO7 Benchmark is utilized for performance measure ments.


In Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Variability Modeling of Softwareintensive Systems.

we identify two types of behavioral vectors: action vectors, which are based on verbs and predicates (actions) and potentially combine agents, objects, and instruments, and non-action vectors, which are based on atomic (temporal or adverbial) modifiers.


Additionally, method overloadingrequires subclass types to conform to the types of the superclass.

secondly, we want to ensure the integrity of the system password .le by not allowing it to be taintedby improper data, thereby altering user names and passwords onthe system.


Extensibility -Industrial case studies have shown that the modeling process must be extensible: Software components will be extended with new abstractions,  e.g.

model synthesis tools may have trouble dealing with this constraint, because a transitive closure operator is required.


we could also observe a good amount of reduction in resource-constrained loops.


The architecture of GUMP came into being after the realisation that it would be impossible to provide an automatic conversion from TCP to multicast due to protocol-speci.c behaviour of each protocol.

further, we would like to investigate how much protocols such as NORM impact the reliability of the message delivery compared to the standard multicast approach.


http://media.epfl.ch/Templates/XTiger-XML-spec.html Accessed in 29/05/2013.

<media class="imageC" id=" " src=""> 19.


instead of implementing the feature as in TDD, CodeGenie automatically searches for it based on information available in the tests.