For example, miniboxing uses the static type information that all values in an array are of the same type: in such a case, keeping a tag for each element, as would be done with tagged unions, becomes redundant.

we consider miniboxing to be an encoding applicable to strongly typed languages, which reduces the bytecode size of heterogeneous translations, whereas .xnums and tagged unions are encodings best applied to dynamically typed languages and homogeneous translations.


Consequently, code changes   travelling from development   branches to the trunk branch have to pass multiple of these quality test suites at least once on every branch level.

quality test suites are executed multiple times in the daily development process and have a direct impact on product development.


This function must be called main and receives the players types and names as its parameters.

for example, the Auction program above, speci.es 5 participants: a single Seller and 4 Bidder s. Each of the participants has its input and output formats de.ned by its type, and one of them may be empty (e.g.


ACC-dep is higher than 70% for every benchmark.

2D-pro.ling is actually accurate at identifying input-dependent branches; it just takes many input sets to trigger the input-dependent behavior.


Nonetheless, bogus implementations which simply discard all events should be ruled out.

the following complementary liveness properties are proposed: Conjunction Validity: .multicast(ek),k .


There are revisions that no source .les were modi.ed.

the purpose of STEP1 is eliminating revisions to be ignored.


All checks will occur internally, comparing the result in the program s memory between the original code and the mutated one.

it encapsulates the mutation testing exercise in each schematic function while making it transparent for the succeeding nodes.


We assume that the set T of tokens that can be returned by the tokenization function is .nite.

all token variables tokeni have a .nite range T, and satis.ability of any constraint on a .nite set of token variables is decidable.


Although JavaScript is an object-oriented language, objects instead of classes are bases of the JavaScript object-oriented system.

objects are able to inherit properties from others or to add and delete some methods.


For other data set classes we observe Sun UltraSparc III (2M) 1.1e+09 the reverse situation.

the approach of today s gener ators is useful to optimize the parameter values of a sorting 1e+09 algorithm, but not to select the best sorting algorithm for 9e+08 Execution Time (Cycles)Execution Time (Cycles) a given input.


Even di.erent, main approaches to build SPL, such as Software Engineering Institute s Product Line Practice Framework [4], Pohl s approach [2], and PuLSE (Product Line Software Engineering) [5], have not explored the use of existing reference architectures.

new approaches or evolution of the existing ones, considering the use of existing reference architectures, in particular, supporting the development of the PLA, are quite interesting.


It is also to be noted that if the adversary performs the maximum number of disruptive actions permitted, the average cost of causing disruptions is e(nc + ns ) per faulty node.

in our algorithms, non-faulty nodes are required to send more messages than faulty nodes are assumed able to send!


On those rounds, there's a good chance of success.)

the probability that k repeated invocations of the procedure will fail to wake up the system is at most 1/2 k .


Even for multi-threaded programs, more than 75% of the lock operations were performed by the initial lockers in the .rst repetitions.

we can draw the conclusion that a signi.cant number of objects exhibit exploitable thread locality.


We found these tools in a number of recent projects quite beneficial.

we set out to gather code coverage information from one of these projects.


On both systems, Harmonia s performance compared to native binaries was quite similar.

we only present results on the Atom system.


Because they are live through almost the entire program and they involve file output due to the write operations, they cannot be discarded during migration.


For example, the run-time predicate s(X)= s(Y ) is always true when the Rhodium metavariables X and Y are instantiated to the same IL variable.


CONCLUSION A spoiled pattern is a generic micro-architecture that produces non-optimal solutions to a design problem.

by comparisons with best solutions instantiated with design patterns, spoiled patterns allow to enforce the good properties of design patterns.


The set of potential next hops is computed at the routing layer and can be used to determine the set of routing alternatives any node has to reach one of the sink station.

any node whose passivity would not empty the set of alternatives of its neighbors could get Sensing-Only, its monitoring duty remaining essential to k-coverage.


Instances of the events discussed above are automatically generated by the SBB library and collected at a central location.

integration into a corresponding business activity monitoring becomes feasibly without any side-effects for the implementation of business applications using the service infrastructure.


INTRODUCTION Reuse has always been considered the main approach to achieve major improvements in productivity and quality in software engineering.

much work, both from academia and industry, has been undertaken with reuse as target.


That is, depending on the context, the events from a newly created channel might be secret or public, and what s more, the security level of an existing channel might change during execution.

in order to model more realistic reactive systems, a way of dealing with dynamic channels is needed.


The nodes in P never have contact to nodes outside P during the .rst t(n) steps.

they will stop and output the wrong count n after t(n) steps, a contradiction to the correctness of the count.


Being rateless, there is potentially no limit with respect to the number of uniquely encoded blocks generated for each segment, and a suf.cient number of encoded blocks from any set of upstream peers may be used to recover the original segment.

by recoding the received blocks at the receivers with rateless codes before their further transmission, our scheme guarantees the uniqueness and usefulness of all the delivered contents, and thus completely eliminates the needs for set reconciliation and content assignment.


Verilog models concurrent executions by using constructs such as non-blocking assignments, processes, and continuous assignments.

ordering-sensitive di.erencing algorithms designed for sequential execution semantics will report many false positive di.erences.


The parameter graph GA contains all the ser- P vices available in the service zone of A.


In the case of the ALOHA, an event is generated as soon as a pixel gathers a certain amount of light.

one way to process the events is to check whether the x, y coordinates of each incoming event are present in any of the templates in a database.


Umpire does not misidentify the code in Figure 13 as having a leak since we track opaque handles even after they are apparently lost.

we remove the request from the list of leaked objects when we process the second wait.


The history of Distributed Version Control Systems (DVCS) contains the results that the user corrected.

in the histories, the merge result is correct.


Slotted programs support such interactions as the software modules are scheduled simultaneously on all nodes.

it is su.cient for a module to set a timer to be waken up at the arranged time.


An intraprocedural live variable analysis for a call graph node terminates, and the number of nodes in a call graph is .nite.


Its transitions representing the time constraints have the guards of the form x> d(e)(where x is a clock variable) and clock resets.

using timed automata, one could address the scheduling problem for more complex real-time systems.


In hybrid mapping FTLs, the garbage collection performance may be degraded due to the block associativity of the selected victim block.

to improve the I/O performance, we propose an e.cient garbage collection scheme that considers the associativity of blocks when selecting a victim block.


We take a slightly di.erent view on the impact, as strictly speaking it is not just a function of the mutant itself, but also of the test case.

we use the impact as part of the .tness function, and quantify the impact of a mutation as the unique number of methods for which the coverage changed and the number of observable di.erences.


Example s unit: if (AbstractDoc.hasOnlySpaces(pre.x)) We generate: /* If pre.x has only spaces */ When the call begins with a base verb, the return value indicates success or failure of the operation.

we transform the verb phrase into a propositional sentence by appending succeeds to the end of the phrase.


Especially, thread-local access to layer composition is expensive even when caching mechanisms are used.

we investigated the applicability of Java s new dedicated support for dynamic invocation to our JCop compiler implementation.


That slot is then evaluated, and a coordinate is returned.

the message send {rcvr: stack1}.push(100) results in the push method slot of Figure 1 being evaluated, because rcvr: stack1 matches rcvr = stackParent from the slot guard by virtue of the fact that stack1 extends stackParent (it was created by copying stack), as well as the fact that the selectors are the same and the arguments (100) match the parameters (x).


Nowadays, web/P2P download has become the major way in which people obtain video content, so it is reasonable for Cloud Transcoder to require its users to upload their video requests rather than the video content.

the mobile user only consumes energy in the last step fast retrieving the transcoded video from the cloud.


The type system also requires that the lock expressions in a requires clause be .nal for similar reasons.

the core of our type system is a set of rules for reasoning about the type judgment P; E; ls f e: t. Here, P (the program being checked) is included in the judgment to provide information about class de.nitions in the program; E is an environment providing types for the free variables of e; ls is a set of .nal expressions describing the locks that are held when the expression e is evaluated; and t is thetypeof e.the type rules track the set of locks held each program point.


However, using local lag [13] by adding a certain o.set to the event timestamp after the player generated it, delays the event processing time.

the player will not get immediate response after triggering an event.


In our model, failure occurs as a Poisson process.

we compute the expected running time of a failed job (denoted TF ) as follows: T MTTF dt TF =t · 1 e - t MTTF 0 t=T - t - t MTTF MTTF = -te - MTTF · e t=0 MTTF = MTTF - (T + MTTF )e - T (3) if the job duration T is much larger than the MTTF of the cluster (T » MTTF ), Equation 3 implies that TF MTTF , and we expect the job to fail.


Generic Control Effects Rather than add a speci.c control effect, such as exceptions or delimited continuations, to .URAL, we aim to design a substructural type system with a general notion of control effect.

in this section, we de.ne a new calculus, .URAL(C), parameterized by an unspeci.ed control effect.


We prioritize regression test cases according to the complexity of the interactions between the system and the target component that are triggered by the test.

after executing the compatibility test suite to guarantee adequate coverage of the data values involved in the communication, we sort the remaining test cases according to the complexity of the interactions of the system with the target component.


In the HRTJ pro.le, programmers are not allowed to extend directly from BoundAsyncEventHandler.

periodicEventHandler and SporadicEventHandler are proposed [14].


Our experiment sessions were 2.5 hours long, a duration that pushed these limits.

we had to make design decisions about what we asked subjects to do in the time available.


Recallthatthedirectgoalofoptimal co-scheduling is to .nd the upper limit of co-scheduling for facilitating the evaluation of practical co-scheduling systems, rather than to produce a co-scheduler directly applicable in real runtime systems.

o.ine pro.ling adopted in this work isusually a.ordable.


First, modules can export static bindings, such as macros, as well as value bindings, such as procedures, without requiring clients to distinguish between them.

value bindings can be replaced with static bindings without breaking clients.


Possible improvements of the software infrastructure remained rather vague.

we tried to come up with alternative ways for adapting a contextual technique.


This procedure is more convenient because the cross-validation procedure has to be performed anyway when selecting the classification model and it has a comparable computational cost with respect to the bootstrap or MCMC procedures.

the proposed procedure would be more convenient from a practical point of view avoiding any specific assumptions.


Accordingly, most of our transformation compositions are at runtime because this simpli.es the process to deliver working transformation assets, since runtime adaptations are quicker than to generate a model transformation chain.

we prefer the use of runtime compositions.


Hence, u must be unlocked after pcni as well.


The transactor model guarantees safety but not progress.

to help develop realistic transactor programs that make progress, we introduce the Consistent Distributed State Protocol and Ping Director that improve upon the Universal Checkpointing Protocol to aid transactor programs in reaching globally consistent distributed states.


As suggested by their names, these packages are related to security concerns, implemented using the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) framework.

the packages are conceptually related and their spread should not be regarded as a design problem.


Twitter, Facebook, and many other services are manifestations of the promise of the web as an instrument for instant worldwide sharing of information.

given the communication problems that software engineers are commonly claimed to have, the web has the power to liberate developers to solving the actual problems in cooperation instead of detailing the practicalities and tools that are needed for basic communication.


To reduce the log .le growth, the context sensitivity information must be compressed.

we would like to build an adaptive method, which requires less work from users and can adjust the encodings according to program s execution behavior.


In addition, it makes sense to assume, that the relays with the highest available bandwidth of each class are either operated by the Tor developers or another well known honest provider.

when choosing the appropriate relays for this attack, following the naive approach, the topmost relays of each class will be ignored.


We investigated the performance of both random grouping and average traversal length grouping and found that because stream compaction ef.ciently removes trees when their traversal is over, the random grouping was just as good as a more sophisticated one.

we advocate the simpler approach: random allocation of trees to tiles.


Obviously, no physical computer with a .nite amount of memory can be truly Turing complete.

we will instead show that the IBCM computational model is Turing complete.


Obviously, since reading and writing elements of these two types require different instruction sequences, we must be able to distinguish which type an array is.

we logically introduce a new .eld into the object (as shown in Figure 6) that holds this type.


Another possibility that our middleware needs to consider is that the available data may be spread across multiple clusters.

we need to develop schedules for data movement and processing, which minimize the overheads and achieve load balancing.


The typical cause for blind requirements is, as indicated earlier, the low contribution from the business-oriented employees at the market-sensing phase.

the level of market sensing capabilities is one of the deciding factors for the success of sense making.


If routers X and Y re-advertise their routes to a peer, then the routes advertised by X and Y will not be equally good.

rcc also checks whether routers that advertise routes to the same peer are in the same iBGP signaling partition (as described in Section 4, rcc checks for all iBGP signaling partitions, but ones that cause inconsistent advertisement are particularly serious).


Procedure frames needs to be allocated contiguously on a stack.

if stack size of blow.sh is underestimated by even 1 byte, it will require a contiguous space of 4608 Bytes across other tasks to continue execution.


Research and development efforts have demonstrated that support for large-scale AOSD must address the full software lifecycle, with all its tasks, activities, artifacts, their interrelationships, and consistency across them.

large-scale AOSD requires tools, paradigms, and methodologies that support: Multiple aspect models: Different aspect models come with different benefits and costs.


Only technical considerations cannot obtain the sufficient security in practice, and the human awareness might be the most cost-effective way for security management [5].

human aspects for managing the security vulnerabilities should be considered as carefully as technical aspects.


Unfortunately, unlike a hardware cache that contains .xed size cache lines, Fix-Cache contains source code entities, such as .les, that can vary greatly in size.

if the .les in the FixCache tend to be large and contain a disproportionately large portion of the project code, then focusing on the .lesin FixCache may not be very helpful for code inspection.


Modal necessity in logic is used to indicate those propositions that are true in all worlds.

these propositions can make use of only those assumptions that are also true in all worlds.


The remote-reference layer speci.es the call semantics of an RMI object.

a RemoteRef interface is de.ned in the RMI speci.cation.


For example, the function converts  string into &lt;script&rt; .

the string is not interpreted by browsers as a tag.


Finally, horizontal fusion combines the operations for each .eld (array in the SoA form) into a single loop.

the program produces the output collection directly from the input with a single loop and no intermediate arrays.


It is also unrealistic to expect that service providers can or should be responsible for performing all required adaptation operations.

there is a need for media processing and adaptation services (which we term MediaPorts, or MP) somewhere in the network, between the sink (MediaClient, or MC) and the source (MediaServer, or MS), that are able to transform the media stream from the MS into a form that is acceptable for the MC.


The overhead of a context switch is generally inversely proportional to the amount of context attributes to be managed.

changing contexts within a process (i.e., between subjects or between a subject/process and the kernel) is faster than changing processes.


)(2A +4 ln(1/e))} .2 = exp- (2A +4 ln(1/e)) 2 1 (A +4 ln(1/e))2 =exp- · 2 2A +4 ln(1/e) 1 1 < exp- ·4ln(1/e) · 2 2 = e. if the number |I|of inef.cient quanta is at least 48T8/(1 -d)L +16 ln(1/e), the number of productive quanta 2 Actually, the number of rounds is j = l(1 - d)L/3J,but we shall ignore the roundoff for simplicity.


In this results, Best-E.ort policy has the shortest wait time on the .rst scenario, since it chooses a site having the least running tasks, that is, it adopts the one having the shortest waiting time.

it seems relatively can gain the shortest waiting time.


This leads to a decentralized implementation of idempotence that does not require any centralized storage or any (distributed) coordination between different stores.

the implementation of idempotance preserves the decentralized nature of the underlying computation.


This is particularly true in cases where only two or three arrays are conflicting.

everything else being equal, we prefer loop conflicts over layout conflicts.


Due to the common interprocedural nature of exception handling, much of this propagation happens along call graph edges, in the reverse direction of execution .ow.

how interprocedural control-.ow is approximated determines the precision of these techniques.


And each partition is assigned to a server if its hash function value is in the range assigned to the server.

the size of each range is one of the factors that determines the load on each server.


The design of the adaptation trades off image resolution and quality against image processing time and size to reduce the Figure 9 The control loop for CPU usage The adaptive engine and the server application share the underlying platform resources (J2EE server, operating system, CPUs, memory).

the overall performance of the resulting application should be taken in to account to prevent CPU saturation and thus performance degradation.


In this case the runtime system could not associate the pointer value with a variable in virtual memory.

pointer variables as well as parameters and return values of functions that refer to a variable in virtual memory have to be tagged with the attribute @vmptr .


As discussed in Section 2, our system requires that share, pure and full permissions be unpacked within an atomic block.

if the unpack expression is type-checked under the wt effect, k is allowed to be a permission of any type.


The latter can easily set a boolean variable to be used in the next if statement.

if the statement terminates with success then a true value is returned (in res); otherwise, the statement terminates with failure and a false value is returned.


As time goes on, new services are chosen and incorporated into the e Governance system.

formation of ICT committees is inevitable for sustainable continuous development and ensured support services.


For the ldoperation in copy 1 of the kernel, offset(j,i)=offset(2,1)=0.

in the .rst copy, the rotating registers used in the load operation are renamed from p18, r42 and r37 in the register-allocated kernel to p17, r41 and r36.


If possible, the compiler generates not only hfunc() but also additional instructions for masking and shifting in order to split registers into two portions.

even when such a pattern matching method is successfully applied to generate hfunc(), the code size would be still increased.


ContextPhone is designed to provide the context information via short messages (SMS) and multimedia messages (MMS).

it is not very appropriate for today s highly connected and real-time demanding applications.


Note that, because of the way in which we replay events, instances will always be created in the same order.

we can use object IDs to correctly identify corresponding instances in the capture and replay phases, and to correctly reproduce events during replay.


Users write all their DRs in a similar way and probably copy texts sometimes.

when searching for duplicates to a DR of theirs, other DRs written by the same user will fill up the list.


We justify this by noting that high-level optimizations of this kind generally take place on already working programs.

some understanding of the problem likely exists before any large-scale optimization is applied.


The compression code only cached normal pages and transmitted pagetable pages as is, without updating the cache.

when a normal page became a pagetable page, the cache ended up having a stale version of the page with the valid bit still set.


The idea behind this concept is that the system will be processing data items that are classi.ed at different levels of security, and the security requirements that prevent the transfer of high-level classi.ed information into low-level objects must be preserved.

we de.ne an MLS system as one that must be certi.ed to process and output co-mingled data at multiple classi.cation levels.


PerfCenter facilitates this process by allowing speci.cation in terms that are natural to a data center architect.

perfCenter takes, as input, the number and specs of hosts available in a data center, the network architecture of geographically diverse data centers, the deployment of software on hosts, hosts on data centers, and the usage information of the application (scenarios, resource consumption), and provides various performance measures such as scenario response times, and resource utilizations.


It is easyto see in Figure 1(b) that the blocks marked by(1), (2), and (3) span, respectively, 2, 2, and 4 pages.

assuming the existence of a local memory(that can keep at least one block of data), we need to incur only1, 1, and 3 page breaks, respectively.


These pairs are used as an index pair and the corresponding count in the matrix is incremented.

if two instructions are isomorphic except for one register field, where the first instruction contains register rA and the second instruction contains register rB, then the corresponding matrix index rA, rB is incremented.


If request is defined to consist of the atomic action performed by a process to transit from its noncritical sec- tion to its entry section, then it is impossible for different processes to determine the order in which their request ac-tions are executed.

request surely must be defined to consist of a sequence of atomic actions.


INTRODUCTION Abstract State Machines (ASM) are well-suited to specify state transition systems.

they are frequently used to specify programming language semantics, machine semantics, technical systems, and algorithms.


The implementation of CurryBrowser is based on an intermediate language to which functional, logic, and also integrated functional logic programs can be compiled (e.g., see [2, 4, 13]).

it is also adaptable to other declarative languages.


The residual reduction here is itself a scan, and we may recurse the algorithm to obtain Yi = Yi-1 + Zi and Zi = Zi-1 + Xi-1 initialized with Z2 = X1.

our equation can be computed in linear time.


One of the main reason is that package managers are aware only of package meta-information (and in particular on interpackage relationships), which are not expressive enough.

package managers are not enough to detect and manage several upgrade failure scenarios.


The rationale behind this decision is that U-blocks tend to have hot pages, while D-blocks cold pages.

putting cold pages stored in D-blocks together into a free block is desirable for future garbage collection.


This analysis revealed that most of the memory-bandwidth induced throttling was occurring in GC functions thus pointing at our original GC (call it JGC, a block-based, stop-the-world mark-sweep-compact GC heavily in.uenced by [13, 14] that was originally optimized for Java and relatively low numbers of threads) as a target for replacement.

the primary goal for our new GC was to maximize cache re-use in order to minimize memory traf.c across the bus, thus increasing the number of threads that could run simultaneously without memoryinduced throttling.


However, this is just a weak conjecture since the proof of suf.ciency heavily relies (in the case for product types) on the well-foundedness property.

there may even exist nonwell-founded models (non-well-founded models exist in the ground case: see [8, 10]) that are with in.nite support but not convex.


Millstein and Chambers show in [28] that open-methods cannot be modularly type checked if the language (like C++) supports multiple implementation inheritance.

we split our call resolution mechanism into three distinct stages: Overload resolution  Ambiguity resolution  Runtime dispatch  The goal of overload resolution is to .nd at compile time a unique base-method, through which the call can be dispatched.


Running such applications in a Grid environment with limited connectivity is di.cult.


Depending on the relative cost of permutation and arithmetic operations, one may choose to distribute or un-distribute in the presence of .. On the other hand, it is generally unsafe to distribute in the presence of .. 2.3 Reduction and Replication Reduction operations involve a type of data movement that cannot be expressed with general permutations.


Due to Proposition 3.4 the heap also stays unchanged.

we can omit evaluating the binding of x in G and the claim directly stems from the inductive hypothesis.


It is O(logB) in ideal situations, which indicates that the while loop will end in constant times ideally.

the while loop involves a complexity factor of O(n 3logB) for the worst case.


Or, the relation implicitly exists as ~he control flow within the run-time environment, as seen in the network program- ming.

we define idioms a.s the common structures in the dependency relation.


We would like to make assertions about an object and the meaning of any of its properties inside speci.cations.

there is implicitly a CycL variable of the same name that stands for the actual program variable.


For instance, networks capabilities of each telecom operator may create non homogeneous behaviors.

adaptations for the deployed software are expected accordingly.


Data Exchange Standards iDASH accommodates various datasets supporting researchers from multiple fields, including medical imaging, natural language processing, genomic research, etc.

we found that no existing standard is expressive enough to support such diversi-ty and the best solution is to allow multiple standards to coexist in support for these communities.


Also, flash memory does not support in-place update, so that a page to be updated cannot be directly overwritten.

in order to update a certain page, a block containing the page to be updated should be erased first, and then all pages (including the updated page) are re-written to a new block.


Moreover, we use simulations to derive an average over- head of 52 cycles for a collapse step.


Through the planning and platform framework, and the common service meta-model, mechanisms from the service interface layer and the application layer can be integrated, in order to bridge the two layers, while preserving the SOA principles.

we ensure that web services managed by the QUA middleware can still be accessed by any web service client, also clients that are unaware of the QUA middleware.


We are currently working on de.ning a JTL sub-language, restricting the use of quanti.ers, which assures decidability of concept containment.

8 concepts may be regarded as the generic-programming equivalence of the Design by Contract [58] philosophy 5.4 Micro Patterns A µ-pattern is just like a design pattern, except that it is mechanically recognizable.


The refusal or validation of an alert is also done directly on the web server.

alerts can be seen like .rst-class citizen resources in a WoT ecosystem.


Many hardware and software techniques are based on this work in some way [6, 16, 17, 19, 34, 8, 9, 25, 29, 10, 24, 18, 31], but all have a variety of drawbacks such as insuf .cient protections in real-world threat models, unreasonable performance overhead, or excessive hardware requirements.

researchers have started using virtualization to improve program protections.


When the request rate to a data center equals its service rate, we have full utilization of each server and the power consumed is the sum of active power pro.les of all servers.

let us assume that a data center is loaded to x% of its full capacity and let y h% of that load to be assigned to server type h. utilization of server type h can be given as h NCh Un (t)= xny (2) Shµh And the power consumption of each server type h can be given as the sum of active idle power.


(for instance, by means ofproofengines).

it is dif icult to estimate the complexityofthe test data generation proces as ociated with these criteria.


#define New(p) p.Allocate (_LI~___, FILE) #define Delete (p) p.Deallocate (___LI~___,  __FILE ) template <class T> class Pointer { public: Pointer (); Pointer (void* a); Pointer& operator= (const void* a); bool operator== (const Pointer& a); bool operator== (const void* a); bool operator!= (const Pointer& a); bool operator!= (const void* a); void Allocate (long i, char* f); void Deallocate (long I, char* f); T* operator-> (); T& operator* (); ); void Report_Storage_Allocation (); Pointer does not supply member functions for arithmetic manipulations or array access.

any imple- mentation of the Pointer class rules out problems #2 and #3 above by design.


Since the lifetimes LTi directly affect the register depth, minimiz- PN-1 ing lifetimes is important.

i=0 BWi × LTi is used as the objective function in the formulation.


For each project, it lists the number of clone groups detected by Deckard, the total number of lines of cloned code, and Deckard s time on clone detection.

the 358331 lines of clones in the 7852 clone groups in the Linux kernel and the 70455 lines of clones in the 2246 clone groups in Eclipse form the main code base where we search for bugs in our following experiments.


In general, the operating system de.nes a driver model and an I/O subsystem that a device driver must conform to [17].

devC language offers some resources to facilitate the integration of the driver with the operating system which leaves the programmer free of speci.c interface details of the systemkernel.


However, parallel composition gives rise to a number of transitions which are not compatible with the expected behaviour for Reo connectors, as discussed below.

we further de.ne a synchronisation operator which eliminates such transitions.


PCi denotes the fraction of direct payment PCi generated by Bj requesting content q.

each content ISP Ci, however, only keeps 1/(dq + Bj Bj ,q 1) of its direct payment PCi for every content q provided to Bj .


Besides that, we also aim to use a data mining algorithm implemented in mobile devices.

the device allows the trajectory analysis, compar- Figure 4: Near points among users X and Y .


Also, for no subject was max-SBD more effective than the best individual coverage per subject.

max-SBD was not useful it was better to use du-pairs.


The second one suggests modifying the  element in line 19 as follows SET 1.4.2.2.type TO dependent However,because 1.4.2.2.type is used to generate Spouse Details, applying this repair action would change the part of output that is assumed to be correct.

this recommendation is classi.ed as invalid and .ltered out.


This technique will not work in the presence of a protective PVM, as code is repositioned continually.

to effectively analyze the application under a debugger, the PVM has to be replaced.


Imprecision poses a major obstacle to the successful adoption of a static analysis tool because .guring out spurious results manually is very costly in engineering resources.

path feasibility analysis is essential to make a tool practical.


The optimality for level two approach barely reaches 30%.

at this level the mechanism is not appropriate to provide acceptable service concurrency bindings, since many second best solutions are extremely cognitively taxing to the user.


Unfortunately, no support tool with enough functionality still exists.

the examinations must be performed manually in general.


In this case, we can consider that the method getTextEditor is de.ned in either TextEditorAction or its parent classes.

class TextEditorAction can be considered as receivertypeforthe method getTextEditor.


For the .rst observation, since the original interaction test sequences (constructedbyACTSorPICT)aredeterminedinthegreedy way, both ACTS and PICT perform casually some prioritization during the process of interaction test suite generation.

the Reve are likely to perform least among all prioritization methods.


Furthermore, this download bandwidth is always limited.

for simplicity, we alsoquantize thebandwidth as the number of sub-streams that canbedownloaded simultaneously,denotedby C.thewholeproblemcanbeformulated as .nding theoptimal solutionfor thefollowinglinearprogram LLk L min a n sch(s h)+ß n (pi,sj ) h=1 i=1 j=1 Lk L n (9) s.t.


This complication can be turned to an advantage, though, because threads that are waiting are not executing and it is safe to examine their stacks.

such threads withdraw their active membership before waiting and regain it just after their wait is complete, but before doing anything that would modify their stack.


Note that the link was not created until the version v9.1.1.1.

the earlier versions on the top window are disabled .


Older objects in the mark-compact collector are compacted toward one end of the heap after GC.

around this end of the heap, the live objects are expected to be denser because live objects successively exist there.


Moreover, detecting a discontinuity provide analysts a reference point to retrain their forecasting models and make necessary adjustments.

analysts require automated techniques that can identify discontinuities among thousands of performance counters collected across hundreds of machines.


The concept of transactions is very useful, but it is hard to express this coordination pattern in basic Linda.

several Linda- like systems (such as FT-Linda [4] and Sun's JavaSpaces [13]) offer primitives to support transactions: typically 'start transaction', 'end transaction' and 'abort transaction'.


Of course, such a bene.t has a price, to be paid in terms of interest calculated over the period and amount the account is below zero.

when such an account is created, or when an existing normal account becomes a salary account, the customer must explicitly state how much credit s/he wants.


Figure 1: Adaptation of a component structure Wede.netheself-adaptation of acomponent structureas the property of a component to update its structure itself according to its current context.

a component having such a property must be able to acquire data related to its context in order to generate an adapted structure.


made it clear that the most relevant category is howto/bodybuilding.

our analysis on a subset of three unrelated categories demonstrates that the video comment stream should not be neglected as a feature source.


In this paper we consider a program part to be a statement.

the output of the fault diagnosis technique is a ranked list of statements in order of likelihood to be at fault.


However, evaluating 4/3*pi*pow(r,3) yields an incorrect answer because 4/3 is an operation on two ints, which evaluates to 1.

c programmers must be careful to distinguish ints and floats in expressions that involve the / operator.


4.2 Process Guidance Knowledge Service The workbench architecture needs to be flexible enough to allow the C&A process definition to evolve independent of the components/tools and services that assist process activities.

to reduce the impact of C&A process variability on the workbench architecture, we move towards an ontological definition of the workbench supported process activities.


The vast majority of the non-redundant loads are to temporary local structures that the program re-initializes in function calls that depend on highly static data.

they are not recorded by our tools as redundant, but in fact are unnecessary when the global data does not change.


This demonstrates the bene.ts of reservation: Zeta prevents earlier requests to starve later requests by reserving processing time for the later ones.

zeta reduces the number of starved requests.


[w1,...,wn ]: F. This allows us to parameterize a formula by two list of size variables, denoting the input and output size variables respectively.

the size of the choose function can be re-written as: [n] .


a role at the tail of the arrow inherits the privileges of the one at head.

in the example of Figure 2 the role Admin inherits permissions from Employee, which in turn will inherit permissions from User.


[20], several researchers have used Bayesian networks to model uncertainties on software projects and had succeeded.

we decided to model a Scrum-based software development project using a Bayesian network, which was never done before.


At restart, some nodes will be restarted before others, leading to problems with packet delays and in-.ight packets.

a primary design principle of our checkpointing solution is to minimize the number of in-.ight packets.


It is intuitively uninteresting to put statements for different computations in a same code fragment and consider it a candidate for functionally equivalent ones.

utilizing program dependency information and generating code fragments based on program slices may help to exclude uninteresting candidates and leave with us more semantic-relevant ones for further consideration; also, since program slices are often smaller than a whole function body, the number of code fragments generated by our code chopping will be smaller and help scale up EQMINER.


As the number of analysis steps increases, the likelihood that an analysis approximation made a mistake and the manual inspection e.ort both increase.

these error reports are more likely to be false positives and more di.cult to diagnose.


Such a waste of resources can only be justi.ed for critical systems in which a single missed deadline may cause catastrophic consequences.

over the last years, there is a new perspective towards being able to provide signi.cant real-time support within the context of general-purpose operating systems with the understanding that not all applications need the same degree of real-time support.


With the core Java AWT classes implemented, building a Swing package for the µKVM is relatively easy.

our focus is to refactor the core Java AWT classes into the µKVM GUI model: all platform-dependent code such as calls to native methods to create windows in those classes needed to be moved to the kernel, and a framework supporting the interactions between the kernel and the new library.awt classes on services/connectors has to be introduced.


However, PNF requires apriori knowledge of all objects accessed by each transaction, whereas FBLT does not.

retry cost under PNF is a little shorter than that under FBLT.


To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission all the available CPU cores).

any of the resources cores, memory, disk or network can become fully used on a machine and prevent further tasks from being scheduled there.


In addition, in PlanetLab, machine loads can vary across experiments because users share machines.

for our large scale scenarios, we had to use simulations.


The properties of Opis enabled us to developed an abstraction on top of the network that lets us manipulate a complete network of peers as an automaton.

we can e.ciently compute the signature corresponding to a unique network state.


When control arrives at an activity, that activity will be instantiated.

if there are multiple paths converging on an activity without any control, it is possible the activity will be instantiated one time for each of the paths that are merged.


The names of the various operators have been chosen to maximize both backward-and forward-compatibility (with Common Lisp as standardized, and with potential related extensions to Common Lisp such as a collections protocol); we specify operators corresponding to standardized functions such as find to be named like sequence:find, so that an implementation of Common Lisp natively implementing this proposal can simply import the relevant symbols from the sequence package5 .

we specify sequence:adjust- According to some interpretations of the standard, the imsequence rather than (setf sequence:length), so that an implementation can import sequence:length into the standard common-lisp package without inadvertantly causing there to be a setf function for length, in contravention of the constraints on implementations (Pitman and Chapman, 1994, Section 11.1.2.1.1).


We wondered if there was an opportunity in this more lucrative space for collaborative IM and work.ow tracking technology that could mediate between organizations with incompatible infrastructures.

in this phase of our project, the search for a business model for our technology, rather than implications from .eldwork, began to drive the agenda.


Incomplete classes, besides standard method de.nitions, can declare some methods as incomplete (either abstract or rede.ning); these missing methods must be provided during object composition by complete objects.

incomplete objects represent the runtime version of inheritance and dynamic binding mechanisms.


In the source code of all the sub jects, we found implementations of asynchronous communications and page load event handlers.

10ctrlq.org/beautifier  Table 2: Sub ject Ajax applications Subject URL HTML CSS JS #states #trans.


1996]) follows the fail stop seman 0-7695-2700-0/06 $20.00 c @2006 IEEE tic (speci.cation and implementations do not provide mechanisms for fault detection and recovery).

mPI applications may be stopped at any time during their execution due to an unpredictable failure.


Nevertheless, this detection can come after all processes have completed (c, i).

we must show that the inconsistency cannot cause problems.


Furthermore, the needs of update and guidance dissemination are di.erent, primarily since update receiver sets are far more dynamic.

we address them separately by allocating a fraction of aggregate capacity to each message type.


While Java does not go beyond offering idioms, there has been discussion to introduce support for object life-cycle allowing larval mutable objects which can later mature into immutable ones.5 Another option would be to treat immutable objects as owned by a special domain which does not allow any mutation.

mechanisms to provide different semantics for concurrency models could be general enough to support the notion of generally immutable objects, too.


However, in spite of the tool being highly e.ective in identifying bugs, it may be ine.cient if it reports too many false warnings thereby o.setting the e.ectiveness.

we also measured the e.ciency of the tool for a more informed comparison.


The complexity of bridging the gap could be tackled through developing control systems based on the models that describes the architecture of the cloud and through the automated support for transforming the changes on the architectural models to the ones on the running systems and vice versa.

this paper presents a runtime model based approach for integrated management of Cloud resources.


The one responsible for applying the process decides what should be automated.

business processes ignore how the activity is accomplished, focusing only on what should be accomplished.


If clocksstart r = {v}, then there are n - f correct nodes at the beginning of beat r with clock = v; when they execute Line 1, they all send the same value v. Since v .

{0, 1}, each correct node receives at least n-f messages with the same value v (see Observation 3.1), therefore maj = v and #maj = n - f. in Line 5, all correct nodes set clock := 1 - maj =1 - v. Definition 3.4.


This node may also deal with other jobs, thus this node may very busy.

some resource competition may happen in our reduce all task and other tasks.


The purely functional data structures also make it di.cult to imagine how it can be useful for parallel execution without potentially signi.cant duplication and communication overhead.

an interesting byproduct of writing this semantics is that it shows that writing a program in a purely functional style does not automatically mean that we are able to avoid all unnecessary sequencing constraints.


{2,..., 20}stability of all ancestors except the parent.

given the results of (Note that each replica may be an erasure-coded fragment of the this paper, it should not be surprising that random selection (which, .le, so k =20 is reasonable; in fact, Pond uses k =32.)


Namely: (i) the typing rules infer a set of class constraints (one for each class de.nition in the program); (ii) each class constraint consists of the name of the respective class C and of a set of method constraints inferred for the methods de.ned in the class; and (iii) each method constraint consists of the name of the respective method and of the set of .at constraints inferred for the body of the method.

a set of class The method eval introduced in class Add by the delta module DAddEval in Listing 2 can be encoded in IFJ as follows: Int eval() { return this.expr1.eval().sum(this.expr2.eval()); } where Int is class for integers.


To assist the verification process, we employ valid PAs (called the assumption PAs) for library routines used by proc.

pAs can be seen both as conclusions and as as- sumptions of the verification process.


SPMV input statistics which enables maximal concurrency level.

the difference between naive atomics and reduced-collision atomics is not that large.


However, it is dif.cult for developers to capture the order of executions.

we need to support weaving aspects into a chain of method calls.


Now that we know the types of implications we need to look for in the lattice or the context table, we can realize this algorithm by looking for these implications directly in the context table rather than constructing the concept lattice.

we derive a new test suite minimization algorithm with worst case polynomial time complexity in terms of the size of the context table.


is isomorphic to the space of D-algebras.

mendler-style folds are in one-to-one correspondence with standard folds of the form x · in = b · D x .


All invocations that are made along this reference prior to disconnection are handed over to the remote core for execution.

from the source complet viewpoint, this is an asyn- chronous invocation that does not require the link to be alive constantly.


It is our belief that a wiki speci.cally enhanced to document software, easy to integrate in open development environments, provides incentives for developers to document what they need, when they need, be it before, while, or after implementation.

we claim that wikis are a very promising tool to support software documentation.


A violation at an instruction i indicates that an unserializable interleaving is encountered in the current correct run (labeled by the testing oracle).


This whole process may have to be repeated as new data are obtained, or if uncertainty thresholds change.

it is essential to automate end-to-end processing for this complex, composite application with many tasks that are executed in a speci.c order.


After .nding answers to these questions, the focus is shifted towards the development of functions.

communications-oriented development process is used for the systems and constitutes the state of the practice.


For instance (in the current study), when a word is displayed by fading, an individual needs to devote more attention in monitoring as compared to the display by non-fading of a word (characterized by PA and CA respectively).

there is a concern of a detrimental effect on ProM performance if the situation is characterized by PA considering that the intended action must be retrieved at a time when the individual is busy with the current task.


The decision maker would want to know which requirement will create the most signi.cant change in the .nal solution if there is an error in the estimation of its development cost.

the scenarios in this case will be di.erent versions of the data, each containing a requirement with modi.ed development cost.


In a service-oriented environment, the provider of a service needs information about the user of a service and by that which software is made available through that service.

accounting data has to store for example the software used, the amount of time of the software usage, and the number of CPU cores used during execution.


They base their design on the assumption that relationships between files are caused by program and programs access almost the same files in roughly the same order every time they execute.

consecutive accesses of different files can be more accurately predicted given knowledge about which programs are accessing them [7].


If this is not the case, the operation has to be executed.

automated operations are delegated to the corresponding technology adapter.


The composed application should support the virtual environment rendering and the application logic, including the user interactions.

new approaches are required for supporting DVE application composition from coarse-grained components.


A developer accesses a concern every time it is studied.

the usage frequency of the category increases.


The NPTL provides a 1:1 implementation of threads in Linux i.e., each thread is a kernel-schedulable entity.

each thread is represented by a task struct in the kernel and is scheduled using the kernel s scheduling mechanism.


We then show that dynamic concepts embedded in active databases may engender information .ows not taken into account in previous studies.

we present an extended MLS security model for Active Databases and de.ne security requirements that this model must support.


A request set is generated that satis.es all possible combinations of truth values for each independent clause.

a predicate with m independent clauses has 2m possible assignments and so at most 2m requests are generated for each rule.


Nonetheless, workloads of many embedded systems cannot be fully predicted at design-time due to dynamic usage scenarios and unexpected unavailability of hardware resources caused by aging or temperature effects.


5.2 Dynamic interface negotiation The most noticeable discrepancy between .COM and the general COM model is that we require complete knowledge of the components under consideration.

we can handle any component we create, as the construction will force the type to reveal the available interfaces.


With the help of a central pro- cess (Manager) that menages a database containing the ida  # assumption type sssB resB assA resA C exists assC resC 1 super/basic PB QB PA QA yes/no PAAPB QAAQB 2 super/basic --p P no pA--p 3 super/basic --p p no pA--p 4 sup er --p p no pA--p 5 super/basic p p yes P P 6 super --p P no pA -~p 4B basic --p p yes -~p p 6B basic ~p P yes p --p Table 3: Feasibility check for the merging of B with A. of all the processes, roletype P/N/H is now able to initial- ize its Neigltbors set at runtime.

when an augmented process P starts to run it sends a message to Manager, which adds P to its database accordingly and sends bark a meseage with its neighbors.


Since ti and tk are not allowed to consume more than Ctt and Ct time ik units respectively on Px, they must be preempted by using timers.when they exhaust Ctt and Ct time units.

ik the information of the remaining execution times is required by the scheduler.


In case of a lazy primary copy approach, a transaction/operation returns when it has committed/executed on the primary copy, and the secondary copies apply the changes in the same order.

the updates on the secondary copies lead to the same ww-edges as in the primary copy.


If a function is called from multiple sites, we clone multiple copies of the function, one for each call site.

a return in each clone will have only one predicted target on the chain in most cases, as illustrated by the example in Figure 3(b).


Whenever a static WCET analyzer is uncertain about the classi.cation of a memory access, it must assume the worst case and usually consider the access to be a cache miss.

wCET estimates computed during static WCET analysis may be heavily overestimated in the presence of caches.


First, in the Parallel Scavenge fragmented spaces, each fragment is 1/N th of the size of the space (where N is the number of nodes).

an allocation might fail prematurely when a single fragment is full, even though there is still space in other fragment(s).


The security goal Message Integrity is in turn assigned to the category Integrity .

the md5-hashed security tag is also indirectly assigned to the Integrity category.


Client-side input validation can be bypassed by attackers [7].

we only measure the coverage of server-side code.


In the traditional four-layer architecture, a model is obtained by .rst instantiating the metametamodel into a metamodel and then instantiating the metamodel into a model.


Accurate ASAP/ALAP times are not easily obtained in CGRA scheduling because they depend on routing latency which is not known a priori.

we take an alternative approach: placed operations can be lowered or hoisted along the time axis by reassigning the stage.


The numbering of item versions and the mechanism for determining dominance between versions is assumed to be a property of the replication framework, as in Cimbiosys [24].

item version numbers do not appear in access control policy (except for revocation as discussed in Section 3.6.2).


The foundation of the prototype implementation includes the data that the prototype implementation is built upon.

.rst, the Core Component metamodel is de.ned based on EMF utilizing Ecore.


However, depending on the authoring scenario, pre-defined licenses may not be able to handle all of the authoring scenarios.

special rights expression needs to be considered for an automatic rights processing system.


In the memory dominated case, the computation is broken into two parts, the overlapped and the dependent part, each with its own time constraint.

the optimal operating point arises when two frequencies are chosen: one for the overlapped computation, and a different one for the dependent computation.


[14] studied the effect of latency in direct-touch point ing tasks and showed how task performance signi.cantly decrease and error rates increase as latency increase.

reinforcing an earlier Fitt s law study of MacKenzie [16] who identi.ed latency as a major bottleneck for usability.


Each ontology has multiple versions and a tremendous number of elements that may change frequently, either added or deleted.

identifying the right version is very critical and important.


Effectiveness can be defineed as the adeqquacy of a givven solution to acccomplish a purppose.

effe ctiveness rates the adequacy of a solution for a certain purposee.


Since a function s local memory is instantiated at the time of its invocation, we assume thatpointers to this memory cannot initiallybepresent anywhere except the stackpointerregister.

in order for any register or memory location to contain pointers to local memory, it must propagate from the stack pointer.


The concept of this mechanism is based on the Thomas the Apostle principle : we only rely on the observation of the developers actions to evaluate them.

instead of computing the expertise level which is subjective and hard to de.ne, we compute the experience level which is ob jective.


We regard each concern declaration as an annotation declaration in Java extended with hierarchies.

it should be easy for Java programmers to declare for each method the implemented concerns.


In order to avoid a lock to be deallocated while it is held (see the quotation from [9] in Section 1), we also use ownerships to express obligation to release locks.


This nice feature gets con.rmed from localization results shown in Figures 25(g), 25(h) and 25(i) where the overall shape of the networkis correctforallRSD-applied methods.

rSD provides the important feature that it is robust for unevenpathlossfactors across the area.


The Buyer agent is characterized to be a simple product line, which relies only on one framework.

it required small number of elements in the con.guration knowledge speci.cation.


However, users of the local peer always have priority over those from remote peers.

whenever tasks from local users are submitted, any tasks from remote users are aborted.


We mitigate false fail-overs by using lights-out management a feature available in typical data centers, which allows remote software to power on and off a machine regardless of its CPU state.

sinfonia powers down the primary when it fails over to the replica.


Further, the cost of normalising a quoted term is low compared to the cost of evaluating the resulting SQL query against the database, as demonstrated in Section 9.

we believe closed quotation and normalisation provide a practical alternative to more elaborate systems that support open quotation.


However, these technologies require that system dynamics be handled by the developers in the application logic itself, and thus are not su.cient for implementing complex scenarios.

we argue that UbiComp applications require development support using custom code generation as well as infrastructure support for the basic application needs (e.g., adaptivity, migratability, dynamic code loading, context, security).


Meanwhile, the user may not want to kill the application.

wakeScope interacts with the user concerning the WakeLock anomaly through dialog, as shown in Figure 3 (b).


For instance, GNU Fortran (gf) version 4.0 did not yet exist when the .rst version of InterComm (ic) was released.

the CDG for that build does not contain the Fortran component and all its related dependencies (shaded nodes in the .gure).


During the constraint solving phase, this reference is written by the solver, so that, when the continuation is invoked, we may read the reference and decode the list of types that it contains.

the transmission of information from the solver to the client via writeonce references has been made transparent.


And the second case: if Lr(r = n) is just observed, no more potentially illegality will exist between the rest instructions and loops.


This is because these graphs are sparse and do not have a skewed degree distribution (Figure 5e and Figure 5f); hence, partitioning them over the DSM leads to very few edge cuts.

sCP does not suffer much from remote fetch latencies that are tolerated by RCP.


As far as the analysis is concerned, we consider function types the same way as type variables.

the following expression is not allowed, as a function is matched against a unit pattern.


In this process, more consideration is given to how the code would be interpreted by clients without these technologies, providing alternative decoration or behavior where necessary.

older and lessercapable browsers are allowed degraded experiences that still function.


f S  (a)A .ow-sensitive node(b)Acomposite .ow graph Figure 5: Flow graphs for .ow-sensitive 0CFA tice of an environment is theCartesian product of the lattice for each variable, so the lattice height of an environment is linear in the number of variables.

the .ow graph has a linear number of edges with linear height lattices and consequently takes quadratic time to converge in the worst case.


Research and development efforts have demonstrated that support for large-scale AOSD must address the full software lifecycle, with all its tasks, activities, artifacts, their interrelationships, and consistency across them.

large-scale AOSD requires tool, paradigm, and methodology support for: Multiple aspect models: Different aspect models come with different benefits and different costs.


There are considerable interactions and ongoing collaboration with Campus Champions [41].

one way to be involved is to become a Campus Champion or to work with your campus s Champion if you already have one.


A function de.nition in PL/pgSQL begins with a declaration of the function s name and the names and types of its arguments.

lines 1 2 of Figure 3 de.nes a UDF called access that takes three arguments.


1.1 Space-RMR tradeoff For DSM machines, the space complexity of mutual exclusion is O(n)1 and there exist algorithms that achieve O(n) space complexity and O(1) RMR complexity [5, 15].

optimal space and optimal RMR are simultaneously achievable for DSM.


string being capable of replacing variables by content, not all strings remain untouched.


However, we cannot expect node i to voluntarily enforce the constraint Dwi not exceed Dwmaxi, because it would be limiting its own benefit (e.g., node i might want to download more descriptions for higher quality video).

download rate limitations must be enforced by some other means, which is the motivation for our kantoku framework.


TACKLING A SCHEDULING PROBLEM WITH µCRL 4.1 Modelling scheduling problems Scheduling problems are about time; given a machine or combination ofmachines, which are able to perform tasks, thequestioningeneral is in whichorder thesetasks should be performed in order to achieve the highest possible e.ciency.

if we want to create a model of a system in order to solve a scheduling problem, at least we should be able to work with time.


In fact, AspectJ designers made a decision to make join points as context-insensitive as possible so as to make pointcuts more predictable to the programmer.

there are two things that are not well supported.


The sparse matrix vector multiplication program has an inherent clustered collision pattern.

we apply a combination of the atomic scan/reduce algorithm (atomicSR) and the atomic scattering algorithm (atomicSS).


The .rst two objectives may seem contradictory, since a very .exible system can be produced by requiring the user to specify every detail, while an automatic system offering no choices requires little from the user.

one of the challenges was to .nd a reasonable compromise between these two extremes.


Since there are both incoming and outgoing control packets, the traf.c classi.er works at both the AP and the client sides.Because(1) thecurrentdesign ofBlueStreaming aimstobe application transparent, (2) both control traf.c and data traf.c in typicalP2P streaming servicesuse asameport, and(3) theclassi.cation mustbe real time,BlueStreaminghas to avoiddeeppacket inspectionfor any application speci.cinformation.

in BlueStreaming, we leverage a feature that we have found via our measurementfor runtimepacketdecoupling.


Each leaf node represents a point of control for accessing the disk.

each leaf-node is associated with an individual client of the disk; in our implementation a leaf node corresponds to a Linux process.


In (let), the result of e0 (that will be substituted into x at runtime) is forwarded to e1.

the typing environments follow the same .ow.


Vendor2 notices that the @compass behavioral adaptation fails from time to time, but the reason for this failure is unknown.

activation of the @compass context should only happen when it is safe.


we focus exclusively on the novel aspects of runtime systems: invariants and di.erentiable objects.


However, compression can also potentially increase performance by reducing bandwidth requirements, and reduce power dissipation.

we believe that this technology is now getting mature for adoption.


Even in the absence of a central server, notification of a failure is typically communicated, by the first member to detect it, to the entire group via a (possibly unreliable) broadcast [3].

although achiev- ing completeness is important, efficient detection of a failure is more often related with the time to the first detection, by another non-faulty member, of the failure.


Additionally, eager collection can result in removing instances from some data structures that will never be used again.

we use a lazy garbage collection scheme.


The experiment requires a comparison of the different quality assurance techniques and a comparison of the different variants.

we performed a 2*2 factorial design (see Figure 1) where the two factors are 1) the quality assurance technique (functional testing, code-inspection, and 2) the variant of the component (Variant 1 and Variant 2) Testing Inspection Variant1 Variant1 Variant2 Variant2 G1 G2  G2 G1  First run Second run Figure 1.


The proof of this theorem is quite straightforward because the deviance after the division equals the original deviance divided by square of the constant.

for any two splits, suppose that the deviance of split one is less than that of split two, the same occurs after the division.


Because our sample size is adequately large, their distribution approximates a normal distribution.

we compute a two-sided t-interval with a con.dence level of 99%.


A SOA provides the .exible composition of existing functionality and is the basis for realizing programming-in-the-large in enterprise IT systems.

the key to success is to integrate IoT devices into such an architecture to realize programming-in-the-large also for IoT applications and allow for an interaction of these devices with enterprise IT systems.


Note that our system can transition to a newly compiled version of a method at any backward branch.

even long-running meth- ods can be upgraded.


It is easy to use and extend, w3af has more than 130 plugins, like SQL injection test and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) test, because w3af is a kind of free tools, so tester always uses it to detect the vulnerabilities of web, w3af its core and plugins are written in Python.

w3af can work in all operating system platforms, which have to install Python.


Besides that, it is also interesting to investigate how these architectures impact other artifacts in both family engineering and application engineering.

we intend this work to open new perspectives of research, contributing to facilitate the building of SPLs, reducing development time and e.orts, and improving quality.


The number of nodes that a peer can invite is limited by the number of node IDs in its chunk.

there is an incentive for peers to only invite other peers based on actual social connections and to limit the size of each chunk that it gives out so that it does not run out of node IDs.


Additionally, any network that is connected in the usual multi-hop sense satis.es this communication requirement.

for connected networks in the absence of o.set errors,Moreau sTheorem2 of[3] applies and the system[...] is uniformlyglobally attractive with respect to the collection of equilibrium solutions.


Besides, admitting that you do not understand something makes you appear more human.

the author is more likely to listen to your suggestions because he or she sees that also you are not infallible -so you both are in the same boat .


The core problem of using traces is that the size of the complete trace of a program is typically too large and time consuming to generate.

rather than saving the trace in a .le and analyzing it, we stream the trace to code that does the analysis on the .y.


This is possible here, but certainly not in general.

a technique based on the set DS seems superior because it can handle more programs (even parameterized ones) and because it gives more freedom to compute the mapping as the program analysis is decoupled from the computation of the strictly admissible integer lattice.


If the contestant lose the question each time a clue is ambiguous or unknown, it would swiftly discourage her and deliver only poor data about whether the person would have been known.

we decided to enable the contestants to ask for more clues, each clue costing some of the contestant s prize.


In the memorybased con.guration, heap usage reaches 500MB, which was the maximum memory available to the JVM at the time.

the JVM runs out of memory at just a little over 4 million distinct entities in memory, bringing the system to a halt.


It can be seen that, on average, the total size of the generated TFs is bigger than the total size of the executed target machine code by the factor of 16.5 and the total size of the generated CFGs is bigger by the factor of 1.5.

per 1 MB of ARMv4 machine code executed, one can expect an average total amount of 16.5 MB of Java classes to be generated when superblock compilation is disabled and an average total amount of 18 MB when superblock compilation is enabled.


The minimum resolution of KLASY is a line since the symbol information does not include the exact memory address that corresponds to an expression such as member accesses.

for example, a before advice is executed not just before a join point such as a member access but before the line including the join point (shadow [20]) is executed.


Since a foreground request arrives randomly according to a Poisson distribution, the average additional delay in the worse case is Exp(ti j)/2.

conservatively, the average response time during this period for accesses to disk i is calculated as below: a2 i (Exp2(ti j)+ Var(ti j )) Exp(ti j) = aiExp(ti j)+ + RIII ij 2(1 - aiExp(ti j)) 2 Let TR represent the length of this recon.guration phase.


However, the naive approach suffers from high overhead.

we introduce our optimized approach, which requires special program transformations in addition to aspect weaving.


In this case, the coordination of multiple organ-systems is required.

the anesthetic controller then has to request the consistent view of the cardiac controller, C Vcard .


In our work, we aim at mapping discussion archives to the source code changes.

each .le is treated as a textual document.


The weight related to the type of resources corresponds to their average memory size expressed in byte and noted Tsr(Si,Sj ).

the value of cohesion between two services Si and Sj are obtained as follows: Ccohesion(Si,Sj)= .


From Lemma 3.6, we know that at any future iteration, the output produced by Anchor 1 will be equal to or greater than the output produced by Anchor O.

any future computation of Anchor 0's output is redundant.


Data reference profiling at this sampling rate adds very little additional overhead, which ranges from almost nothing for mcf to 1.6% overhead for vortex.

we can collect sampled temporal data reference profiles for all our benchmarks with a maximal overhead of only 6.5%, in the case of twolf and parser.


Similarly, since ei represents local information, one can verify that it can be constructed out the constraints in the tell operators of some local process in P via conjunction and existential quanti.cation, hence ei .C(.).


Parallel programs are notoriously di.cult to debug and reason about.

parallelism is a promising approach for obfuscation.


mal; the operand stack and values associated with local variables are usually a few bytes in size.

the stack-Frame data-structure has little to no impact on memory when we consider a managed runtime system.


The remaining bits of code(Z) are then recursively de.ned on each of the four quadrants of R. This de.nition of the zone code matches the de.nition of zones given above, encoding divisions of the sensor .eld geography by bit strings.

in Figure 2, the zone in the top-right corner of the rectangle R has a zone code of 1111.


8 Future Work The tool described here, much like the Play-Engine tool [Harel and Marelly 2003], is an academic prototype, aimed at exploring novel ideas and techniques.

better evaluation of the ideas depicted here is rather di.cult to gather at this point.


This is accomplished by another job, whose mapper breaks the list of non-zeros and output tuples that are now keyed by column index, and the reducer aggregates on the column index to produce AT .

the MapReduce version of the operation R×RT ×R used by our CF takes four MapReduce jobs.


The data variable located at memory address ThisPtr plus 0xC is transferred to EAX at 0x40110A.

we determine that there is a data member at offset twelve in this class layout.


the original Lustre program, because our tool exploits a lower-level representation of the Lustre program that looses its structure.

we plan to connect our tool directly to the Lustre language in order to implement more sophisticated re.nement techniques and to identify more easily performance bottlenecks.


Since the two lifelines in the aspect have no names, they are MATA variables and can match any lifeline.

the aspect matches against a single message p between any two lifelines and creates a par fragment around p with two new messages, r and s, inserted into the second operand.


For example, using a library access system to view all books on software engineering would return a significant number of results that cannot all be retrieved or displayed.

this problem may be addressed in several ways: paging (splitting the results into pages of a set size) the results of the query either locally on the system which is viewing the results, or remotely on the system which is providing the results,  limiting the number of results returned.


Furthermore, the ASCC Private has been omitted leaving the ASBIE Work in the customized domain model.

a variety of di.erent business document model variants are the result.


Despite these two useful properties of the quadrilateral, global rigidity is not su.cient to guarantee a unique graph realization when distance measurements are noisy.

we further restrict our quadrilateral to be robust as follows.


Among his findings he also reported that individuals who possess premium quality in one respect are often lacking in others, and that combining individuals with similar personality traits reduces performance.

successful teams tend to be heterogeneous; normally possessing a balance of team members occupying all roles.


This is a potential performance concern because Pin must often compile a new trace in these situations, unless the user happens to be stepping over code that he had previously stepped over.

the speed for singlestepping is often limited by the speed of Pin s JIT compiler.


When the execution exits from a region boundary, we have to recompile not only the current method but those caller methods that used the summary information as well.

we check whether arguments are included in the list of live variables at any region exit point within the method, and suppress generating summary information if that is the case.


Standard interface components (or widgets) are designed to recognize and respond to actions of a single user only.

they may have ambiguous semantics in a multi-user setting, they may not allow simultaneous interaction over them, or they may not present feedback in a way that is appropriate to the group.


This allows the developer to obtain goal-oriented behavior quickly providing fertile ground for discussion, understanding and re.nement in the following iterations of the project.

the approach is well-suited for use in early phases when problem understanding is limited and stakeholder requirements are uncertain.


Note however that, even in so called cache optimized programs, many data accesses miss in the cache and go to main memory.

cache locality however is not the only factor that determines the memory behavior of an application.


When the .eld Parent.c is changed, the inlineLen of the inlined array is set to 0, but the length is unchanged.

the array access other.f[m] is still possible.


As Figure 2 shows this distribution also needs support on the network layer.

we extended and reworked the handling of network connections in COSCA.


The set of stakeholders may change as well as a stakeholder s objectives and associated con.gurations.

our proposed con.guration management is dynamic.


4 SOA design decisions in the literature Since the aspects we identi.ed are extracted from our observations and the relevant information is deduced from the aspects, we need to verify whether this information is indeed used in SOA design decision making in practice.

we studied two types of SOA design decisions: Knowledge entities Alternative A Alternative B Related service P&L variance analysis The type of the architecture composite service E nterprise resources and their ownership Financial database owned by the financial dept.


This feature of the calculation model opens the possibility of specifying the metamodel-speci.c con.gurations that are used to in.uence the calculation process of models related to the speci.c metamodel.

for all models that conform to a speci.c metamodel, only one calculation con.guration needs to be set.


In our experiments, often the values of m and n do not exceed 100.

to assess the performance impact of limiting the simulation time, we manually add a 10 milliseconds overhead for each of the scheduling policies.


2.5 Performance of China Mobile ETL Application China Mobile s traditional Business Analysis Support System (BASS) based on the Data Warehouse, and the ETL applications occupy more IT resources than other tasks.

the ETL applications become a significant factor for increasing the IT cost of BASS.


These queries can select context-specific join points using the information available in other related models.

user does not have to explicitly and manually enumerate the join points.


Our analysis of the problem had revealed, that this degraded performance results from the cases, where several elements are processed multiple times when the synchronization processing of several changes overlap.

we developed a solution, where, due to the coordinated processing of the changes, the multiple processing of elements can be prevented.


Any software platform imposes requirements on the hosting hardware components.

there will always be hardware components which do not meet these requirements, especially components that do not incorporate a microprocessor at all, e.g.


Using multimethods, the de.nition of the Rectangle class can be changed to the following: public class Rectangle extends Shape { /* ... */ public boolean intersect(Shape@Rectangle r) { /* efficient code for two Rectangles */ } } This code is identical to the .rst solution attempt presented in Subsection 3.1, except that the type declaration of the formal parameter r is Shape@Rectangle instead of simply Rectangle.

the Shape part denotes the static type of the argument r. the revised Rectangle intersect method belongs to the same generic function as the Shape intersectmethod, because the name, number of arguments, and (static) argument types match.


As a result, pattern parsers usually implement a limited pattern grammar, allowing meta-variables to occur only in certain positions.

abstract syntax patterns are easy to implement but dif.cult to use, while concrete syntax patterns are easy to use but dif.cult to implement.


This method is simple to implement, but can be unnecessarily expensive, especially when changes affect only a small part of the system.

an alternative approach, regression test selection (RTS) technique, has been proposed [e.g., 1,2,5,6,10,14].


Further problems are the understanding of the game code (program comprehension) and the cost of component adaptation.

the minimization of external dependencies of the candidate components is expected to reduce its adaptation cost.


Even if one measurement is taken once for each phase instance, there is still no guarantee of correlation if we cannot measure at the same stage of each phase instance.

we need the phase information to monitor the long-term memory usage.


Updates to reference data is also a rather simple situation, as here no changes by the customer may occur.

updates replace the existing data with new data that use the same object identi.ers.


However, in our example, the CRS format in which A is stored allows efficient access to the i index before the j index.

our compiler will pick the second strategy, which performs the join on i first.


These four OpenSSL applications had been released for more than three years and used by many users.

they were relatively stable and could serve as known good programs.


MG is the only kernel where loop level OpenMP implementations perform explicit communication.

the speedup e.ciency of all versions decreases due to increasing communication cost.


Rendering alternatives provided by the process reduce the development effort and enable her to satisfy non-functional requirements like layout, design or usability issues.

the resulting UIs will be more satisfying for the end user than automatically generated ones.


The proposed approach re-arranges data layout for global area and stack area in the similar fashion.

only data layout for stack area is discussed in detail in the rest of this paper.


With this variant the total number of sparks generated is not cumulative from the root, but only at speci.ed (or marked) node within the tree.

the number closely corresponds to the amount of fuel distributed, assuming we allocate one unit of fuel per node.


If the system is globally very underprovisioned, rather than requiring perfect video quality on each source, we only require tolerable video quality.

this can be done by tuning the parameter k. the actual Ds is equal to (ds - k) ×|Ps|.


In particular, both accelerator and preconditioner are encapsulated into one solver component, which is a fundamental HI unit for SpLA packages.

the choice of accelerator and preconditioner may be declared in the parameter list passed to the solver component.


Therefore [29] (and implicitly [18]) assume that all loops are terminating, but this is not checked in their work.

petri-Net tools analyzing  Figure 1: Example: A business process work.ow including an external and internal loops.


The MapReduce runtime will automatically distribute and execute the task on multiple machines [9] or multiple processors in a single machine [27].

this framework reduces the complexity of parallel programming so that the developer can easily exploit the parallelism in the underlying computing resources for complex tasks.


In this program, the subregion R2 needs data from R1 andR3 needs data fromR2.

we  error=0; i=0; #pragma SpiceC doacross { while(i<n) { #pragma SpiceC subregion R1 order after(ITER-1, R1) { string = read .le(.le[i++]); #pragma SpiceC commit } #pragma SpiceC subregion R2 no order { ret = calculate crc(string); if (ret != 0) error |= ret; #pragma SpiceC commit  atomicity check order after(ITER-1, R2) } } } Figure 5.


Crisis with abrupt appearance are unpredictable.

the crisis response could not be construct before the appearance and so some weakness has underline as sharing and exchange of information between actors.


DESIGN AND CONTROL OF BIMORPH PIEZO BASED MICRO GRIPPER FOR ROBOTIC MICRO ASSEMBLY 2.1 Design of piezo actuator based micro gripper with manipulation system In order to execute the sequential pick & place and peg-in-hole assembly operation of robotic assembly in 3-D environment, a manipulator needs at least 3-DOF and a micro gripper which can adjust the orientation of peg, rotational motions and to execute the assembly.

a novel 3-DOF based micro manipulator is designed and the schematic CAD model is shown in Figure 1.


If one is found, the rule engine waits to see if there isn t a landing event timestamped within two seconds of the jump event.

this rule detects if Mario doesn t come down within two seconds, meaning he has been in .ight for too long.


Each selected change was counted as a bug.

improvements and new features were not counted as bugs.


Our goal was not just to build one experimental checking compiler, but to de.ne a method to integrate user checking into any existing compiler.

the implementation had to be easily ported to any language without the need to develop complex language-speci.c front-ends.


Similarly, the between-subjects effect (generic versus raw) was not signi.cant (p=.273).

we see in both cases, that a task-by-task analysis (or at least the consideration of different kinds of tasks) is necessary, due to the signi.cant, and very large, interaction between the variables programming task and kind of used types.


The sensor/agent only sends the suspicious information to the central part of WS-IDS, but not all the audit trials it gathers.

it causes less processing overhead in the central part and decreases the traffic, so avoids DoS attacks to WS-IDS.


Furthermore the design and implementation of ecommerce workplaces are not able to evolve consistently to support changing requirements in business processes.

e-commerce workplaces suffer from design and usability problems and may not conform to updated and constantly changing business processes.


We encounter the following problems: (i) We assume fields are up to 4-bytes long.

reordering part of a 8-byte field is not feasible.


Furthermore, any non-local transfer of control in the .nally block takes precedence over non-local transfer of control in the try or catch blocks; i.e., if there is a transfer of control in both places, it is the one in the .nally block that is actually executed.


This con.rms our intuition that the bug is due to concurrency.

we need to allow threads to interleave with each other to trigger the bug.


In our approach, all stakeholders are treated equally.

it is interesting to consider weights for stakeholder con.gurations (e.g.


Existing approaches are be grouped as follows: Compensation approach aims to teach or train the person to use other means, objects or tools without any help, for instance, agendas, lists, alarms, electronic devices such as cell phones.

they assist the patient so that they do not have to constantly rely on their cognitive deficits.


Assume that an average of K policies can be simulated in the given time constraint ..


In the ClueWeb dataset, the URLs are stored in alphabetical order and the web pages that belong to the same domain are likely to be saved in one AM file.

the intermediate data transfer in the hash partition stage can be greatly reduced by applying the pre-aggregation to each AM file.


import Prelude qualified as P The type of the main function of our program is IO now instead of P.IO.

we rename the original main function of the program to stepperMain.


On the other hand, it has a hub weight of one, indicating clearly that this class initiates any activity in the system.

the authority and hub weights for the classes of an OO system provide a natural way for quantifying their importance in the design, according to the responsibilities that they hold.


The precondition associated with the procedure body is de.ned as the intersection of a collection of sets, each of which represents the speci.cations extant at a speci.c (distinct) call point to the procedure.

the speci.cations de.ning the entry to a procedure re.ect the common preconditions extant at every call point to the procedure.


This issue is especially true with devices that can not assure synchronous communications due to communication channel availability issues or simply because they do not have hardware and software capable of supporting all these primitives.

we have designed our AOPAmI platform to provide support only for those communication primitives actually supported by each specific device.


They considered matrices that are inherently sparse.

no sparsi.cation is used, all the entries are exploited at every iteration, and their algorithm eventually computes the optimal low-rank approximation exactly.


So (as discussed in Section 4.2.1), this means the past rate discounting aspect must be expressed as two pointcuts and advices.

while Alpha is more expressive than HALO in terms of providing a richer join point model and the use of full Prolog to reason about the past history of join points, it is also less expressive in allowing hybrid pointcuts to interact with the base program.


To prepare for reporting the entire mixed-language stack, the agent must track all the seams.

the agent must capture all environment transitions, whether they are debuggee-or user-initiated.


Now we can repeat de.nition of approximately log log t layers of supernodes, such that in the limit of large t, a node in layer k has asymptotically almost surely an uplink to the next upper laying layer k -1.

in such a way one can show the log log t distance scaling to be hold.


Since fj is a stronglineariza ()() tion function for Oj, fjH(k-1)|Ojis a pre.x of fjH(k)|Oj.


In a con.guration it is stated which features are selected, which are deselected, which have been left open.

a con.guration is not necessarily complete, i.e.


Inthefuture, we wantto analyzehowthis approach canbegeneralizedtothefullself-embeddingofF * by.ndingan encodingthat en compasses the representation of universal quanti.cation.

it should representation is too limited in this regard, as they cannot de.ne be noted, however, that this is still concerned with the representatypefunctions whichdestruct orinspecttheir argument.Inthis reptionof termsand .nding anappropriatemappingforthetypesthat resentation, they cannot express a partial evaluation or a transforre.ectsthis representation.wedo not require a represenmation to continuation-passing style(CPS).To overcome this,they tation ofdependentkinds, asthey are not containedinthelanguage propose an ad-hoc solution involving adding an additional type arinterface.Furthermore,theinterpretationsthemselves stillareparagument toRfor everydifferent typefunction whichis tobeimplemetric.For example,theinterpretation of lamcannotdepend onthe mented.


However, in almost all multi-threaded applications, threads interact with each other via synchronizations and shared memory.

different interleavings can lead to different variable values and consequently different execution paths as shown in the example below.


We .nd that, on average, the heuristic solutions achieve performance that is over 22% worse than the GA-tuned solution, and 14.7% worse than the baseline HotSpot server compiler.

6.4 Discussion we .nd that existing state-of-the-art online feature-vector based algorithms are not able to .nd optimization sequences that improve code quality over the default baseline.


Layout-sensitive Language Extensibility with SugarHaskell Sebastian Erdweg Felix Rieger Tillmann Rendel Klaus Ostermann University of Marburg, Germany Abstract Programmers need convenient syntax to write elegant and concise programs.

the Haskell standard provides syntactic sugar for some scenarios (e.g., do notation for monadic code), authors of Haskell compilers provide syntactic sugar for more scenarios (e.g., arrow notation in GHC), and some Haskell programmers implement preprocessors for their individual needs (e.g., idiom brackets in SHE).


The cost of the periodic method is proportional to 1/p, where p is link recovery periods.

the cost of the periodic method is largely increased when link recovery period becomes smaller.


We compare this model to a centralized overload pro tection approach whereby the system is protected against congestion through an admission controller.The admission controller decides the admission ratio, a(t), of new threads using a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller.A PI con troller is one whose control signal is proportional to the error signal and its integral, where the error signal is computed as the di.erence between p(t) and some target level, PT .Thus the change in the admission ratio, a(t), can be described by the equation: a.

(t)= K2 × (PT - p(t)) (8) where a(t) is bounded from above by 1 and from below by 0and K2 is the PI constant that controls how fast the con 13In a real setting, VMs may not have started at the same time.this initial value should be viewed as re.ecting an unbalanced allocation of resources (threads) across VMs at some arbitrary point in time.


Option (1) requires invasive changes to earlier features (violates the principle of stepwise re.nement), (2) requires additional effort in re.ning clientsofthe class,and(3)wouldbe possiblebut change the FJ core calculus signi.cantly.

we choose the fourth option: providing default values for uninitialized.elds.


Foradynamic web page, user-visible strings appear as constant strings in the codeforgeneratingthedynamicpage.

itisinfeasible toidentify themin the code with anHTMLparser.


Moreover, the fact that a program may get stuck with a .ltered input does not imply that the (un.ltered) input is insecure for that program.

in order to be able to use the notion of securerun we need to account for incompatible input events in the evaluation relation.


Physical blocks boosttheir erase recency only when the FTL erases them for garbage collection.

if the FTL notifies lazy wear leveling of its decisionon the next victim block, lazy wear leveling can check this victimblock s seniority.


The search delay itself is dominated by the DHT lookup process; i.e., log(N).

especially in cases where log(N) is large and a small delay is required, we recommend operator instances to avoid DANS lookups for each and every new object; instead, once a suitable operator instance is found for a pair of sources through the .rst lookup, this pair should maintain contact with each other through the same suitable fusion operator instance for the future pairs of ob jects.


P isaninoutedgeofP ife isneitheranentry-onlynoranexit-onlyedgeofP.


This is not however suf.cient: because of the disequations, it might be not so easy to decide the equivalence of such sets (or matrices) of constraint systems (see Example 8).

we further apply some transformation rules, that allow to simplify the disequalities.


The probability of two inputs to SHA-1 producing the same out- put is far lower than the probability of hardware bit errors.

lBFS follows the widely-accepted practice of assum- ing no hash collisions.


2.1 Design Rationale At the heart of Spot s design is the very practical consideration that, for better or for worse, we are stuck with the C programming language for .ight code at JPL.

2 Other examples include a control mode or position estimate.


This makes the type alias cell.T = int known to code accessing the cell value.

operations speci.c to type T are legal, e.g.


A na¨ive instruction scheduler that does not respect resource limitations may present the hardware with data-independent operations unable to execute concurrently due to structural hazards, the over-subscription of limited machine resources.

to be effective, an instruction scheduler must not only be aware of data dependences but also of the processor s resource limitations [19, 25].


This means, for example, that operation typing is adapted in order to better .t in a functional language.

signatures of the BLAS operations implemented in the framework do not necessarily conform exactly to those of their original counterparts.


For general Boolean expressions, the proposed ideas lead to NPhard problems.

we also need to design routing optimizations working on arbitrary Boolean subscriptions to support large-scale distributed event .ltering.


If parallelism in an application varies based on input, a programmer would not be able to determine the optimal number of threads to achieve the best performance.

it is important for a runtime system to observe these above effects and control the number of concurrently executed threads to achieve higher performance.


The databases or/and the input set may not .t in GPU memory, however.

the decision of which database to load and when must be done at runtime depending on the outcome of prior matching attempts.