there exists a set of sets of dynamically-bound methods in ComponentHrc  To reveal more about the classes and methods in the ComponentHrc hierarchy, we apply the Enumeration and Partition concretization operators, resulting in Chart 3, discovering that  class Container aggregates (has at least one array field holding instances of [subtypes of]) Component  classes Component, Button and Scrollbar define a set of dynamically-bound methods, sharing the same set of method signatures (ComponentOps2)  each method in class Container whose signature is in ComponentOps2 forwards the call to the respective method in class Component  In fact, Chart 3 completely matches the description of the Composite [3] pattern in LePUS3 [2], convincing us that classes Button, Component, Container and Scrollbar participate in an instance of the Composite pattern.


Therefore the functionality will naturally evolve to become distributed across other components and ECUs.

this indirectly also defined the architecture of the new project, manifesting inconsistent architecture principles and strategies rather than making them the result of an active design decision based on given attributes and prerequisites .


Gaia s authors suggest the application of object-oriented techniques to the generated design in order to obtain a more concrete one [5].

representing the Overall Protocol Taking as example the ReceivePaper protocol ([5], p 348), we have represented that protocol from the point of view of Gaia and AUML (see Figure 2).


3.3 Scalability of using CRQ This paper assumes that the future many-core OS will divide the cores into clusters and provide a set of OS services for each individual cluster in parallel [11].

such a scheduling decision ensures equal-priority tasks to get equivalent amounts of processing resources.


To attack the polluted, semi-structured bug data problem, DebugAdvisor judiciously adds structure, such as constructing bags of terms from documents, and they de.ne a new sort of query, a fat query, that unites structured and unstructured query data [1].

these three query languages are designed for analyzing a single, property-speci.c trace; OSCILLOSCOPE collects raw, un.ltered traces and tackles the bug similarity problem in the form of trace similarity.


The advantage of using an OR is that a gateway can get behind a more restrictive filter.

since this is done in a distributed manner in the presence of failure, random timing issues, and each gateway only has partial knowledge about the system, the resulting hierarchy may be suboptimal.


1Pr 1 (18) If an event is detected in the ith cycle, an additional latency of (i1)tcycle is introduced.

providing soft bound for event detection is also very valuable for users.


In some patterns, the roles are defining: the participants have no 4 There is a misalignment in Java in that methods on a functionality outside the pattern.

no code outside the aspect and extensions needs to handle objects in terms of these roles.


In this case the type of the candidates must be int since the function xf takes as its argument an expression (-xx 1) of type int.

we generate terms of M that additionally have as its constructs the dummy node and cursor node.


Here we count the total of 16 tokens, 8 for each statement.

such absence, they argue, complicates the task of evaluating usability and usefulness of existing solutions.


C.Ghaoui, Information Science Publishing, ISBN 1-59140-292-1, 2004.

external context changes are handled by an inter-level adaptation, because they trigger modi.cations at several levels.


the need for such an adaptive strategy did not arise frequently.


This should provide a friendlier notation for programming with functional dependencies in many applications.

and, of course, there are many places where this notation cannot be used.


sid , because otherwise we need f sid ~ sid .

abstraction In our system, the environment G contains only vanilla types, not boxy types.


While this creates an imbalance of operations on the shaded cluster, it actually has a better performance because the cluster resources can execute the extra operations in the same number of cycles.

each cluster consists of a tightly connected set of register .les (RFs) and function units (FUs).


In the privacy enhanced system, additional overhead to convey keying information, {pi,Di; i =0,1,...,I}, is introduced in a secure package.

the highly connected nature of the Internet makes it easy to automatically collect information from many di.erent sources and compile a dossier on an individual -his/her likes and dislikes, shopping patterns, whereabouts and so on.


For many models, we calculate potential memory savings after examining each heap dump, i.e., after each collection.

compression transformations for dynamically allocateddata structures.


This can be considered time-critical, so it is done in the prologue.

proOSEK does not provide similar means to split an IRQ handler into prologue and epilogue, so the numbers can be compared only with those of the hard synchronization strategy in CiAO.


Ifwork continues, thentherecursiondepthiskepttrackof and a transaction may be started.

logTM-SE: Decoupling hardware transactional memory from caches.


There is no way to represent disjunctions explicitly in any of these elements, which eliminates a possible source of exponential explosion in the size of the element.

5.2 Results We applied our techniques to automatically generate invariants for some standard sorting routines and other similar problems that have been studied as challenge problems for generation of quanti.ed invariants in the literature.


PRFJ detects this race condition by checking that the requires clause on setValue is satis.ed at all its invocation sites.

users might want to use both run-time and type-based atomicity analysis and give higher priority to the investigation of warnings from the run-time checker.


The obtained CA1 and CA2 values guarantee the I/O latencynumbersspeci.ed as SLO and also improve theoverall performance.

[5] J. Czyzyk, S. Mehrotra, M. Wagner, and S. J. Wright.


The resulting test sequences were executed on a hardware in the loop (HiL) and showed its applicability in an industrial setting.

furthermore, many modeling elements are provided, which enable an e.cient modeling.


However, because checking the state of the test database after each test run can be prohibitively expensive, we propose to re-engineer the tradition testing frameworks as well as to improve the OPTIMISTIC test execution strategy so that a test trace is able to check the state of the test database with minimal overhead.

in terms of test quality, we point out that the OPTIMISTIC execution strategy in [9] indeed trades test quality for ef.ciency.


It has several integrated circuits on the  (b) Back side Figure 4: Power management module.

6.2 Energy Harvesting and Power Supplying To observe the interactions between the energy harvester and the energy consumer (power management module + sensor node), we use NI9229 and LabVIEW to monitor the current and voltage at the three points marked in Figure 2.


Meanwhile the AIS represents an antibody as a test data and maintains a memory set to save good test data which be able to kill mutants.


The analysis is carefully done and the results always accompanied by implications for the service provider.

greater than 95% of video playback is continuous and the vast majority of startup delays are within 10 seconds.


These applications can be written in C or standard Java and are running on more powerful systems.

in this case, the orders received by the old version of the service are put on hold, they cannot be processed.


The main idea behind K9 is to determine relations (i.e., dataflow links) between API calls in retrieved applications.

other tools, such as Mica [14] also use external search engines (e.g., Google) for finding relevant applications.


The cause (context + problem) cannot be fully understood and the limited interpretation of the cause is already not part of pure reason since the interpretation includes values that are outside the reach of pure reason.

[47] Schümmer, T. & Lukosch, S. Patterns for Computer-Mediated Interaction.


24 C CONSOLIDATED CUSTOMER VIEW How do you manage inconsistencies in customers data among various systems?

they may look into the details of any project and find some peculiarities which may supplement their knowledge.


To support these programs,wedevelopedasmall utility, patchelf,that can change the dynamic linker and RPATH (runtime library search path) .elds embedded in executables.

future work We are investigating how to extend the Nix expression language with a type system.


We performed three measurement runs for such positions of SU transmitter.

the corresponding block diagram is depicted in Figure 5.


The algorithm terminates when all facts have been either selected or eliminated.

deduction rules are applied to the newly selected facts and the loop continues.


Moreover, albeit our ontology focus on the CM s change control subprocess, we decided to name it a CM task ontology, because we also consider some activities and concepts that are part of the version control subprocess.

for instance, the change control process starts with a requester requesting changes in a set of versions.


In order to compute the marginalprobability,MSP needs to enumeratethelocations of the predecessor node and the successor node.

if the shape of the area is not regular, adaptive MSP helps to choose the appropriate localization events to compensate.


This approach works very well on vector architectures as it creates large vectors on which the vector processors can operate.

generally, the Java versions perform quite well, with the O-O versions running within 6% of the performance of native code on the PowerPC using the Jalapefio JVM and within 33% on the Pen- tium with the IBM JVM.


many State Vars Transaction stages in Darkstar; Server names in Hadoop; HTTP status code (200, 404); POSIX process return values.

these two systems are di.erent in nature.


The three important kinds of axioms are class axioms, object property axioms and data property axioms.

current approaches are either verbose or do not represent every OWL construct visually.


We see that the attributes in that class are heavily accessed by the subclasses.

7.3 Limits of the Approach The approach presented here is limited in the following ways: Cognitive Science.


Since the state of the original .le system at execution time is also not captured in the heap dump, an exception would normally be thrown when this mechanism attempts to access the .le system.

for each sample application, we used the JDI to connect to and pause the live process, captured a single heap dump, and then ran the benchmark against both the live process and the snapshot.


parsingexpression; the language of parsing expressions is shown in Table 1.

expressions like (OR (OR (APPLY x) (APPLY y)) (APPLY z)) are also needlessly inef.cient.


Dependent types in practical programming.


In International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS), LNCS, volume 2, 2004.


It has been shown that Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.

the dominator analysis, ADom, is de.ned in Figure 6.


With a depth bound of 1 and the set of main calls {f(x)}, the least .xpoint of our abstract .


Any threat a.ecting this node is potentially harmful to the customer and/or operator.

security engineering for embedded systems is a discipline 2.


We discuss how UI views (extra-UI, mega-UI) can be useful for multistakeholder engineering, and how MDE acts as the backbone that supports them.

the preview is computed at runtime and updated according to stakeholders actions.


TrueErase embeds a monotonically increasing globally unique page ID in each memory page structure accessible throughout the data path.

our experiments reflect a flash device operating at steady state.


Assigning the related pair of data objects into the same memory block can improve the program locality and thus reduce cache misses.

third, currently only pair-wise proximity relationships between data objects are considered, which also limits the effectiveness of data layout.


1.2.1 Why iterative, incremental approaches are perceived as being better than waterfall methods The waterfall approach is frequently described as having disadvantages, which helps explain the push to move from waterfall to iterative approaches when designing software.

iterative methods call for simultaneously (a) gathering and defining requirements and (b) designing and coding from requirements.


Based on this theory, we challenge software engineering research to become more scientific and cohesive by working as a community to define benchmarks.

these evaluations have not been standardized in any way.


This figure captures the flow of control as messages are passed through the namespace hierarchy.

the formal specification of programming lan- guage semantics has proven more elusive.


A memory balloon is a paravirtual pseudo-driver installed in the guest.


These analysis algorithms are the next set of components in my framework.

in subsections that follow I discuss the different kind of analyses goals that different classes of users would need.


Perform project cost/benefit analysis Estimate project budget Develop results chain to identify success-critical stakeholders and their top-level value propositions 3.

it allowed project managers to inherit a NULL activity from each step in the SN (i.e., VBSQA process framework).


There always exist some smarter schedulers that do not need to preserve the granting order of resource requests for a given system con.guration.

the technical problem should be on the reasons behind the anomaly and the way to avoid it.


Start, Stop, Create, Destroy, Clone These suggestions are directed at application entities.

as the design of an autopoietic programming language is not within the scope of this paper, Prolog is a suitable substitute for simulation purposes, because it is declarative and it is not easy to write a Prolog program that crashes.


Furthermore, because of the nature of communication we are able to pick a style for which formal performance analyses exist in this case M/M/m-based queuing theory.

we describe how we have instantiated the general paradigm outlined above.


This is followed by packet header parsing and classi.cation, after which the packet type is known and based on this type either the right or the left hand side of the task graph is executed.

=0, 1 and 3 with slopes 30, 15 and 5 respectively.


Our choice is to model the PC and the IMR in their entirety.

the extra space and time requirement is trivial.


[17] Gray, S. Data Structures in Java: From Abstract Data Types to the Java Collections Framework, Adedison-Wesley, 2007.

the nodes used in the structure mappings need not be actual node objects in the structure.


COLLECTRA: A TRACE COLLECTION MODULE FOR DSMW We implemented the architecture described in the previous section in a collection module named Collectra.

transformations can be applied on any existing M-Trace, called source trace.


CloudSuite) behave differently from traditional workloads (e.g.

the performance predictability is negatively affected, posing critical challenges for guaranteeing that user-facing latency-sensitive workloads such as web search can meet their strict quality of service (QoS) targets.


Note that these experiments illustrate the user s actual experience.

after applying the guideline, we are able to cache more than 90% of the content in the PetStore and scale up the Web site more than 20 times.


We will also show how this data model enables document navigation that interweaves electronic documents and handwriting on paper.

our system allows handwritten information to be shared quickly and easily.


Architectural solutions to feature-interaction problems in telecommunications.

for the data plane, e.cient computation is the most important goal.


The wrapper object consists of two maps: pred maps a Block to its predecessors and succ maps it to its successors.

the visual editor cannot change the reference attributes directly, but needs to transform visual editing operations to corresponding tree changes.


Aswell,product line engineersusing multi-objective optimization need to identify strategies for selecting optimally con.gured products, given the various trade-o.s among optimal con.gurations in the presence of multiple con.ictingdesigngoals.

the selected models describe real-world software of su.cient complexity such that tool support is needed to reason about their variants.


In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (Heidelberg, Germany, June 1999).

mTRSC(ap) = MTRSC(ap-1) -[Rcd(ap) -D(ap)] and MTRWC(ap)=MTRWC(ap-1)-[Rcd(ap)-M(ap)].


In Pro- ceedings of the 26th Technical Symposium on Com- puter Science Education (New York, NY, USA, Mar.

the compiler project described in [1] is intended for com- piler courses.


The use of team coding has also proved helpful.

the goal of the CartaBlanca project is to produce a modem flexible software environment for prototyping physical models, discretization schemes and solution methods for non-linear physics problems on unstructured grids.


The pairs collected by running a prorogued program can also be used to generate unit tests automatically (Section 6).

extending the idea of proroguing concerns from methods to an entire type, potentially with mutable state, enables the programmer to prorogue the design of a module or component while writing the client code that consumes it.


Critical systems typically foresee a quite intensive testing activity, from which the detection framework has the possibility to learn the system behavior under different perspectives.

other solutions, such as [11], are based on statistical learning approaches.


0 M1M2 M3M4M5M6M7M8  Figure 4: New Bottleneck Detection Approach: Average Duration of Active Period In comparison, the conventional method was unable to detect the bottleneck with sufficient accuracy.

in order to improve the throughput of the bottlenecks, it is necessary to first find the bottlenecks.


Local governments -represented in governorates -manage their operations based on rules, regulations and legal requirements created by the central government.

for the top management it provides them with trends of the land usage and its growth and the types and varieties of investments attracted and potential future trends.


We believe that most bug reports refer to actions, based on our extensive reading of bug reports for this project, our own experience submitting bug reports, and our intuition.

the user chooses to accept or omit these added words for Verb-Query and Direct-Object-Query.


So they had a noticeable bene.t after the application of the STRAT E G Y pattern.

this requires the constant reminding of the students what a good object-oriented design is based on.


Instead, input operations are not automatically rollbackable (since this would entail, in principle, facilities for management of input data from, e.g., an interactive user, which are still not present in ROOT-Sim).

as such, the events triggered by CC can be re-mapped onto actual simulation events to be exchanged across di.erent simulation objects.


they can either contact the WS owner and discuss the changes, so that the business process is adapted to changes, or may look for a different WS or another solution that delivers the functionality of a given WS.


We shall write our code in a syntax inspired by the Epigram [McBride and McKinna 2004] programming language.

in doing so, we have introduced the concept of a deletion ornament, using the indexing to remove duplicated information in the datatypes.


In Proceedings of SVG Open 2007, Tokyo, Japan, September 2007.

each element of the markup language gives rise to a Scheme function a so-called mirror function (see Section 3).


Examples of such domains are that of streaming data models, .oating-point arithmetic, and designs that interact with external hardware.

unlike the horizontal object model, inheritance is not encoded within the struct itself.


This improvement can be mainly attributed to the 52% to 94% reduction of server load) by exploiting the locality of cached writes, which was not considered in the related work [20].

[8] Fio -Flexible I/O Tester Synthetic Benchmark.


In this paper, we propose AFRO (Automatic Failure Recovery for OpenFlow), a system that provides automatic failure recovery on behalf of simpler, failure-agnostic controller modules.

as with traditional networks, SDNs necessitate failure recovery adapting to failures by directing tra.c over functioning alternate paths.


In these approaches, requirements are treated as informal generic entities, and the focus is on formalizing the relationships and interactions between them.

of Computer Science, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada  shiva@cs.toronto.edu ABSTRACT Model merging is an important activity in software development.


We should here note that in order to actually call the behaviour_info/1 function, it is required that the relevant behaviour be already compiled and accessible by the Erlang code loader .

when it comes to ensuring that behaviours are properly used and callbacks are as expected, the current Erlang/OTP compiler performs only minimal checks.


Figure 10 illustrates the speedup obtained over the optimized Racer thanks to buffering and parallelization.

the columns Racer Corrected correspond to the original Racer implementation with the four corrections described in Section 6.


This means that data structure and constraints of the system are no longer .xed but will be parameters to the generic RC.

within the checker, P may be called several times to make comparisons to other computations.


The signature di.erentiates between sorts for speci.c transformations for intensity and pan/tilt itrafo and pttrafo and general transformations trafo.

intersection does not have clear intuitive meaning when applied to lighting.


We focus on the CPU and memory related parameters shown in Table 2.

it is a challenge to systematically explore the parameter space and select a near-optimal con.guration.


This paper provides a range of options towards the selection of an MBT approach to a test practitioner for a given project.

[E] Papers collected during the search, but unrelated to MBT and therefore excluded.


However, accessing the owner s personal data is also a very common purpose of phone sharing.

borrower Data Reconciliation: When exiting from Shared Mode, xShare prompts the owner to manage changes made to files and settings in Shared Mode.


It is clear that unlike batteries, solar panels behave as voltage-limited current sources with the operating point (i.e., output voltage and current) determined by the electrical impedance imposed by the load.

the additional capabilities for energy tracking capabilities and the integrated storage methods discussed in section 2 are essential to power management in harvesting systems.


productions over N × (N .T)*, and S is the start symbol.

we did select representative grammars and the ambiguities we seeded are typical extensions or tryouts made by language engineers.


For efficient utilization of memory, we align our scalars and structure to the 16-byte boundary.

we show the results of various time restricted GAs, with different mutation rates.


If it is, the information of this write is inserted into the table.

the state explosion problem still exists.


Automated Software Engineering, 19(1):5 63, 2012.

3.4 Discussion The method presented in this section checks the consistency between design artefacts to .ag potential defects.


For example, Jdiff [3] cannot match control .ow graph nodes if function names are very different.

general Chair-Stephan Diehl and Harald Gall and Ahmed E. Hassan.


In a heterogeneous environment, di.erent processors execute di.erent instruction sets.

among the typical challenges faced by developers of such systems are the following: 1.


Until the end of simulation is reached, the coordinates of the participating nodes are updated according to the mobility model applied.

to make protocols scale some form of hierarchy must be introduced.


The edges are the topological links (Table 1) plus the edges that connect cues to the location(s) in which the cue occurred.


As a result, operating systems are inherently architecture-dependent.

all the code produced will run on a real Intel machine, starting up from DOS mode.


But we prefer not to do so, because this allows us to state more general results.

(s)) (11) tracts for input-complete interfaces, and preserves input-In that case, the shared re.nement of I and I ' , denoted InI ' , completeness: is the interface: Theorem 18.


Aikido: accelerating shared data dynamic analyses.

lemma 1 leads directly to the proof of Theorem 1. begin access end begin Proof.


The implementation of the preprocessor is basically the inspection of the token stream and substitution of those segments that match the format of a compiler directive.

semantic analysis Obviously, the syntactic analysis does not extract that level of information that would be suf.cient.


KDDI and VODAFONE have shown interests in utilizing the technology into their businesses.

feliCa s service is application-based and it is being built into limited terminals , therefore, it is not universal across different applications with most RFID tags.


Figures 1(a) and 1(b) show the breakdown of power consumption of a randomly chosen PARSEC [10] benchmark .uidanimate on two typical modern multicore systems with eight and sixteen cores respectively.

the power virus has to strike the right balance between stressing different power consuming components in the system to be able to maximize the overall power.


In Internation Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution, Vienna, Austria, September 2001.

self-organized development in libre software: a model based on the stigmergy concept.


Method GetVector starts out without any owned blocks (it has no tracked parameters).

the lack of read-only sharing in our system is one of its main drawbacks at the moment.


Thus, incremental recovery does not provide anybene.t.


GluonJ allows applying and removing re.nement to/from a class on demand.

it is not effective while the getBookTitle method is executed.


REFERENCES [1] R. K. Ahuja, T. L. Magnanti, and J.

for instance, visualization classes usually experience very high clustering, while clustering is almost zero for I/O classes [43, 40].


Cus- tomization in ADR is currently achieved through class in- heritance.

4 Java Extensions for Data Intensive Computing In this section we describe a dialect of Java that we have chosen for expressing data intensive computations.


Each architecture recovery session lasted a bit more than an hour and included a number of iterations, where the participants focused on increasing the depth or scope of their architectural models.

results and Discussion PA and PC iterated through the Reflexion Modeling process 4 times, and PB did so 3 times.


Concerning behaviour composition we did not investigate how to model the composition of interactions.

a survey of agentoriented methodologies.


Without pointers, there would be no polymorphism in C++.

cONCLUSION Object-oriented programming with C++ is very important in today s engineering education curriculum.


Becauseofpartialfailure,itisvery di.cult to make RMI work correctly.

we have made these decisions based on the needs of buildingBeernet.


For example, by specifying a large area as partofthetop-levelpredicate,quickdeployment canbe ensuredfor criticalqueriesinthe citizenjournalist application(Section7.1), albeit at the cost ofdeployment to alarge number ofphones.

[23] B.Hoh,M.Gruteser,H.Xiong,andA.Alrabady.Preserving privacyingps traces viadensity-awarepath cloaking.In ACMCCS,2007.


6.3.1 The Effectiveness of Trinity Synchronization We apply our two synchronization strategies separately on an arbitrarily link in our Trinity WSN, and we run the  (a) The current at testing point A (b) The voltage at testing point B (c) The voltage at testing point C tests for more than 8 hours with CSMA enabled.

only shutting down the radio during Tsleep is not enough, we have to shutdown everything except the oscillator, which leads to the sleeping mode shown in Table 2.


A cluster CA is composed of Cx and Cy and a cluster CB contains Cz.

we can apply the clustering algorithm to the higher levels, thus building a hierarchical clustering algorithm.


We therefore developed a Yes/No program using three turn mazes.

doherty, E, Bloor, C., Cock-ton, G., Engel, W., Rizzo, J., Berg, C., (1999) Cyberlink-An Interface for Quadriplegic and Non -Verbal People, Pages 237- 249, Conference Proceedings, CT99 3 ra International Cognitive Technology, Procs at www.cogtech.org/CT99 7.


In P. Blackburn and M. de Rijke, editors, Specifying Syntactic Structures, chapter 7, pages 185 211.

suppose we check the assertion that cons is deterministic: assert ConsDeterministic { all e: Element, l: List, c, c : Cons | (cons (e, l, c) and cons(e, l, c )) => c = c } Thisisinvalid, and theAlloyAnalyzer willgive a counterexample such as: List = {L0, L1, L2}; Cons = {L1, L2}; Nil = {L0}; Element = {E0}; elt = {(L1, E0), (L2, E0)}; rest = {(L1, L0), (L2, L0)}; e = {E0}; l = {L0}; c = {L1}; c = {L2} in which the two applications of cons produce distinct lists L1 and L2 that are structurally identical.


Scaling Step-Wise Refinement , IEEE TSE, June 2004.

the same program P has multiple decompositions, e.g., P=A B C and P=C B A , where corresponding feature modules (A and A , B and B , and C and C ) are different but seem natural as they captured similar concerns.


OMG s (Object Management Group) Model Driven Architecture (MDA) [6] has been adopted as a standard for Model Driven Development.

specification of context scope is necessary to provide context reasoning for applications.


Automated software testing using model-checking.

when executed for .nite time against programs with in.nitely many paths, they generate massive test suites but cover only small regions of the program state space.


It should also be noted that the problem here is not related to labelled trees, which remain the preferred structures for a variety of computational tasks: document manipulation, semistructured data management (cf.

embedded in mainstream languages via language-speci.c bindings, they also promise full integration with existing computational facilities (e.g.


we generate all possible local data structure invariants), and relevance (i.e.

if we take their disjunction M.color = R .


Tool composition in ROADRUNNER has also played a major role in how we design, implement, test, and validate dynamic analyses.

it is important to design tools to avoid concurrency errors in the event handlers, such as race conditions on a tool s data structures.


Then an additional control flow if (i<150) is added in the loop body to skip the padding data, where i is the loop iterator.

as the loop bound checking remains in the transformed code, this transformation is valid if the loop bound is determined at the runtime.


This separation requires the extension of some existing kernel data structures in order for them to: a) become aware to which VM they belong, and b) di.erentiate between identical UIDs used by di.erent VMs.

the port space on each IP address is also shared between all VMs.


The average pause time for threads under the concurrent GC is less than 10us.

pN-collections move objects to the correct public heap block based on the object s current mutability status.


No plug-in approach is known which specifically targets enterprise applications.

research Approach Our approach is to adopt the concept of plug-in component architectures in the domain of enterprise software in order to improve extensibility and customizability there.


In fact, if we happen to instantiate the ambiguous type variable to another candidate type T_AppendList Int in the above example, length (cons 1 (cons 2 nil) :: T_AppendList Int) the meaning remains identical since the both codes use essentially the same branches for length.

s nil :: s  Later, we can add constructors in subclasses: class List s x .


3.1 The computational model CommUnity is independent of the actual data types that can be used for modelling the exchange of data and, hence, we take them in the general form of a first-order algebraic specification.

that is to say, formalisms where the functionalities provided by a component are described in terms of guarded multiple assignments.


A solution to this problem is safe speculative code motion (Bod´ik et al.

the compiler pass itself does not need to be proved correct.


For example, a prop- erty specifying that on all executions of a system, events a and b alternate (but not specifying whether a finite or in- finite number of such events must be observed) is in class (both, all).

with our proposed classification scheme the analyst explic- itly indicates whether the property is specifying finite, infi- nite, or both finite and infinite sequences, as well as indicates whether the property is to be checked on finite, infinite, or all executions of the system.


In principle, arbitrary user-de.ned method combinations can be supported in SBCL, as long as they correctly recognize and handle the :filter quali.er.

the boolean false value nil to indicate that methods associated with this .lter should not be used.


Similarly, the approach will have to identify and understand programming language mechanisms that do not apply for modeling and the other way around.

the aim of this workshop is to investigate requirements for combined modeling and programming languages, by identifying candidate elements that should be supported by such languages, propose potential new combined language mechanisms, and by investigating implementation techniques for such languages.


3.1.2 Pathological Cases Unfortunately, variable-sized chunks can lead to some patho- logical behavior.

network latency can be overlapped with transmission and disk I/O.


Indeed, because Surveyor is strongly typed, we can more precisely say that 1-dimensional analysis, in this case, is examining the values of one data type as it appears in the survey.

text :: Prompt -> Survey String text p = Respond p id  Another common thing is the use of an Item prompt as its value.


The four formal methods student's elevator projects were subjected to a test suite and all of them passed all test cases.

the formal methods students claimed to hardly study for these examinations due to their small contribution to the final grade (final examination weight for the control group was equal to the final examination weight plus in and out of class quiz weight for the formal methods students), A detailed comparison was made between the formal methods student's elevator projects and the elevator projects written by the teams of non-formal method students (see [1] for a complete analysis).


Based on the results, the decision is supported whether defects that are common in the different component variants can and should already be addressed on generic components.

we can conclude that the students were on a quite uniform degree of experience.


In the rest of this paper, we assume that each key occurs only once in a type de.nition.

call stacks and image names are just two examples of features in bug descriptions.


Note that, this encoding of the scheduler admits one impossible schedule where no runnable threads are selected to run.

rEFERENCES [1] IEEE 1666: SystemC language Reference Manual, 2005.


memoing, theoretical sensitivity, theoretical pacing).

when problems are constrained by the nature of the research questions from the outset (e.g., specific concepts and approaches) data collection will be constrained by how the researcher has defined the problem and the nature of the specific questions which reduced sensitivity and openness to emerging theory that may be meaningful to software developers [27].


The results show that model-checking with exhaustive search always produces schedules with equal or shorter length than heuristic algorithms in [2].

we developed a small utility tool to generate Promela code from a task graph speci.cation, and used TGFF [6] to generate random task graphs as input to the tool.


Unfortunately, despite introducing many important components, GHC RTS did not scale on multicores, leading to poor performance of many network applications that try to use lightweight Haskell threads.

in the experiments, we turn off hyper-threading to prevent the system scheduler from scheduling multiple native threads that should run in parallel to a single physical CPU core.


It generates several candidate solutions, and by using ELECTRE (which is a multi-criteria decision aid method); the decision maker can select the final solution.

|Rt ¥ | and |Rt¥| is the cardinality ¥¥¥ of the set Rti.


2.1 Type Specialization Dynamic languages are dynamically typed, i.e., a variable can refer to values of different types at different points during a program s execution.

if the types used for specialization change during execution, the runtime performs deoptimization by initiating long jumps to deoptimization routines in the compiled machine code.


These activities are linked, in a second phase, with arcs that correspond to the transitions of the related activity diagram.

workflow process definition interface XML process definition language, 2002.


Since SeSCo maintains a list of services that directly interact with the users, the time taken to recon.gure the session in progress is reduced.

through the hierarchical service overlay, we have the inherent capability to support the locality of service property.


E f c/ e:TE f c ok E f c [e]T / :T c The coloured brackets are typed in colour c, while the internal expression is typed in colour c ' .

in the .rst stage, section 2, we de.ne our core calculus, which closely follows our previous work in [7], with two main changes: a subtype check replaces the equality check at unmarshall time and the system is extended to include simple records and structural subtyping.


In our work, we assume that nodes can be heterogeneous since they belong to different data centers or locales.

the default block replication scheme assumes tightly-coupled nodes, either across racks (even with rackawareness) in the same datacenter, or in a single cluster.


The second part goes into the more technical aspects and provides a hands-on experience in EBCS development by means of DEECo/jDEECo.

an ensemble defines an interaction frame in which different components take well-defined roles to achieve a particular goal (e.g.


[5] L. Chen, O. Villa, S. Krishnamoorthy, and G. R. Gao.

none of those works has attempted to map applications automatically, nor to provide an execution model for streaming languages onto multiple GPUs in an integrated approach.


10 [5] Clarke, S. Describing and Measuring API Usability with the Cognitive Dimensions.

instead, the Options class referenced the Authenticator class, and the WebRequestclass implicitly used the Options class.


C(v) .nd out their distance to v. If u .

with this setting of E, every two points are E-far from each other, and thus the stretch bound of O(log 1 )= O(log n) holds for all pairs.


For example, several SCM systems were constructed by wrapping around RCS with additional functionality such as CVS [15], Ragnarok [6].

figure 6 shows the top level of a Data Flow Diagram (DFD), which is implemented as a composite component.


Again, basic blocks with more that 6 static dependences are the rare case.

in AADEBUG 05: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Automated Debugging, pages 33 42, Monterey, California, 2005.


The early experience has been very encouraging, but more work is needed.

fmp and fmp2rsm are available at http:gp.uwaterloo.


in case of a faulty master, the application might have received an erroneous result, leading to the decision to rollback the transaction.


In accordance with the principle of modular checking, when ESC/Java produces the guarded command for a routine R, it translates each routine call in R according to the speci.cation, rather than the implementation, of the called routine.

iNTRODUCTION Over the last decade, our group at the Systems Research Center has built and experimented with two realizations of a new program checking technology that we call extended * Current address: Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052.


Outlier elimination methods were applied to the 10 training set on the two data sets.

the performance of outlier elimination by LTS is decreased.


ECOOP 2010 - http://ecoop2010.uni-mb.si/tutorials.html  16.

mODELS 2011 - http://ecs.victoria.ac.nz/Events/MODELS2011/Tutorials#TuT4 9.


present applications of this algorithm [11] and Chan et.

in summary, the use of a content addressable caches provide signi.cant bene.ts over a non-CAS based cache.


the declaration of first above should be interpreted as if it were the formula: all this: Trace | with this | first: ticks which is equivalent to all this: Trace | this.first: this.ticks and should be typed accordingly.


Typically, a multimedia web service realizes only a speci.c algorithmic processing step, such as video decoding.

the interface is described more or less formally in a human-readable manner on a web page (cf., http://www.flickr.com/services/api/).


It can capture class invariants and supports pre- and post-conditions of methods.

rather, its value can only be set by the set statement ([2], p.11) in method bodies.


Besides, we de.ne additional terms related to live transactions, which are used for specifying opacity.

in Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, pages 289 300.


Except for Degani [16], no one explored the automatic generation of mental models, focusing on analysis methods helping the design of interfaces.

matching pairs of active and inactive system states, allowing di.erent observable transitions cyco.


RC Immix uses these statistics to select defragmentation sources and targets.

every new block of allocation requires a block for the copy reserve.


In [22] D2HT describes a discovery framework built on top of DHT.

bamboo, like all DHTs, specifies algorithms to be followed when a node joins the overlay network, or when a node fails or leaves the network The geometry must be maintained even when this rate is high.


Thus the evaluation of guards and computation of successor symbolic states is done symbolically.

note that we are not suggesting that the product was implemented without a clear understanding of the intended behavior, only that it was not clear from its documentation.


returns true, as illustrated in column 3.

despite this correctness guarantee, neither semantics provides an ideal foundation for JavaScript security since both suffer from the same weakness: in the presence of subtle implicit .ows that are hard to track, the semantics halts execution in order to avoid any (potential) information leak.


Pentium4 Speedups (SSE2): While the SSE2 architecture supports 128-bit vectors, the Pentium4 implementation can only operate on 64-bit simultaneously.


It is evident that such bugs are prevalent in microcontrollers codes.

the idea is to automatically classify such sentences into different categories.


of the Int l Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1985.

the random-proportional algorithm uses many service providers, but because business processes are proportionally assigned with more assignments going to the better providers, there is a tendency for a smaller percenta ge of providers to become saturated.


Security, dependability and trust metrics for products, systems and services L1  Product/system/service Product/system/service Product/system/service L2 life cycle management security rating or assurance security engineering L3 Conceive Design Realize Service Evaluation Testing Verification Certification System-level System-level technical security technical risk solution management DL: L4 Design-level technical security solution: IL: L5 Implementation-level technical security solution: SW/HW platform Application Network security, DL security, DL security, DL SW/HW platform Application Network security, IL security, IL security, IL  Figure 3.

we do not detail categories below Level 3 in order to leave more room for future refinement and structuring.


Moreover, the e.ort to implement the automatic generation of programs and validating properties of programs are usually minimized within the theoretical framework.

pUC must capture the fact that Silva is a professor and properly map this information into the ontology of UFF.


Note also that the number of violations of a variable v is given by vi[v] <-max(0,o[v]-1); The e.ect of assigning value val to variable var is given by the expression if (var == val) then 0 else o[val] + max(0,o[var]-2) -(vi[val] + vi[var]) The overall implementation is rather simple in this case.

each time a better solution is found, the instruction solution = new Solution(m); makes sure that solution now maintains the best solution found so far.


In contrast to CLOUDSCAPE, these frameworks provide a restricted form of coordinating tasks in a distributed application through the scatter-gather idiom; i.e., they provide a mechanism to map tasks over a number of machines and subsequently gather a result from the machines.

in the example, the two behaviors are spawned to run independently in parallel, resulting in: H ' ; L ' :object[!L ' .created | L '' .removed]{create : ...; remove : ...}|L '' :object[L ' .created]{create : ...; ...} -.


One recent study found that programmers spent 50 percent of their time foraging for information [28].

navigation decisions may be tied to the programmer s evolving information goals during information foraging.


In [1] this approach is enhanced by a highlighting technique called night view to point out elements involved in a given execution trace.

for this purpose, that street usually must be extended.


Privacy policy about sharing personal unidentifiable information:  PDS-U= {(s, o, pui) | s. S, o. O, pui.

studies [13] have shown that the privacy policies are very difficult to read, most of them needing at least two years of college education to understand them.


we used both the Windows and Linux versions of DynamoRIO release 0.93.


Hand-Held (4 KB) Clock And Reset Controller Bus Interface General Purpose Registers I2C EPD Speech Software block BRIDGE AHB/APB Buffer Hardware block Preproc ACF Figure 2.

availability of RTOS models is becoming strategic inside hardware/software co-design environments.


This rule is used to change the prototype of an export.

it is possible to import a whole package (and use all its exports) or to restrict the import to some bindings.


In many cases, components involved in a trace are related to each other by a rich set of semantics and hierarchical relationships.

throughout the project we used a rapid iterative design methodology.


Proofs from Tests Nels E. Beckman Carnegie Mellon University nbeckman@cs.cmu.edu Aditya V. NoriMicrosoft Research India adityan@microsoft.com Sriram K. RajamaniMicrosoft Research India sriram@microsoft.com Robert J. Simmons Carnegie Mellon University rjsimmon@cs.cmu.edu ABSTRACT We present an algorithm Dash to check if a program P satis.es a safety property ..

in each iteration of the main loop, the algorithm either expands the forest F to include more reachable states (with the hope that this expansion will help produce a fail answer), or re.nes the partition S. (with the hope that this re.nement will help produce a pass answer).


decreased: 0.9 to 0.4 Acceleration coe.cient c 1.49445 Velocity bound V d (ubd - lbd)/2 max Refreshing gap m 7 Boundary condition Damping walls Termination 1200 iterations Table 1: PSO settings tioned modi.cations concern the ability to both handle discrete variables and a changed search bounds condition.

more experiments with further test objects taken from various application domains must be carried out in order to be able to make more general statements about the relative performance of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms when applied to software testing.


This is easier from a software engineering point of view, but often leads to suboptimal results because the strong interdependences between the subproblems are ignored [7].

7.2 Optimal approaches Integer linear programming.


2.4 Decentralized Aggregation to Resist Auxiliary Information Attacks The goal of the P3 middleware is to compute the popular items in an interest-group.

such an ap 2 LSH is conventionally used for doing scalable nearestneighbor-search (NNS) in a centralized setting, including its usage in scalable recommender systems [10].


Automatically validating temporal safety properties of interfaces.

case 2: A new entry (tb, tb) is added to B.


Dram-level prefetching for fully-bu.ered dimm: Design, performance and power saving.

each SM is also deeply multithreaded, supporting at least 512 concurrent threads, with .ne-grained, zero-cycle context-switching among warps to hide memory latency and other sources of stalls.


In order to enter the critical section, a process tries to capture the locks of all the nodes along the path from a leaf to the root.

+ 3)-process mutex object), playing in if ¬ v.lock.CAS(., p) then this algorithm the role of the process with ID i.


For the sake of convenience, we use EQS(P) to denote the a.ne equality part, and ITV(P)to denote the interval part from the domain representation.

for each program, #pvars indicates the total number of pointer variables in the program.


To check whether a block has been modi.ed, the library compares the new contents of the block against its original contents.


Currently, we have implemented a fairly low-level interface that provides no guarantees about correct usage of I/O devices, but does enforce memory safety in almost all circumstances.

under this approach, many of the state-based assertions given in this section are not really true because another thread may execute in between two apparently consecutive operations.


Section 7 concludes the paper with future scope.

eu-rent business model, know gravity inc. Http://www.knowgravity.com.


Time-bounded adaptation for automotive system software.

the results of the analysis are used to guide adaptation in ways that guarantee that the software continues to satisfy its requirements despite changes in environment, workload and internal state.


A uni.ed approach to global program optimization.

a static call graph cannot be computed at compile time.


For example, the constraint called CapabilityConsistency,which is depicted in Figure 4, states that only available capabilities can be assigned to an agent.

these .xed variables of odpstate, e.g., the current agents and their available capabilities cannot be changed during recon.guration as the controller does not have in.uence on that.


The comparison engine compares each entry for a single input text in the predicted output with each entry for the same input text in the expected output file for determining the correctness.

a GUI based approach to heuristic modeling eliminates the need of writing rules in a programming language.


J. Ovlinger and M. Wand, A Language for Specifying Recursive Traversals of Object Structures, Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA 99), Denver, CO, 1999.

p. Tarr, H. Ossher, W. Harrison, and S. Sutton, N Degrees of Separation: Multi-Dimensional Separation of Concerns, International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 99), Los Angeles, CA, 1999.


As an opposite example, in the case of the husband who engineered the behavior of her wife, his pre-existing and continuing dominance in the family had actually helped him manage his wife s life with less resistance.

[Computer and Society]: Computer-related health issues.


3.The result is displayed in a ListView.

servFace Builder [2] (also see below) introduces the concept of service annotations to ease service integration and composition.


This platform is attractive for developing, running, and testing HPC and Grid applications.

the motivation of our work lies in contributing to the research communitywiththestudyofa .ne-grain self-adjusting mechanism in VM-based resource providers.


In 3rd International Workshop on Predictor Models in Software Engineering, page 9, 2007.

the algorithm operates in two phases: First Phase: a nearest-neighbor graph is extracted and a min-cut graph partitioning algorithm is used to partition the data items (classes in our case) into a pre-de.ned number of subclusters M. The number of clusters after this phase is M plus C, where C is the number of connected components in the graph.


We found that while both falsi.ers are expected to exhibit run-times linear in the size of the traces and the for- Pressure di.

this negative result does not provide further insight into the model.


The disadvantage of this approach is that model refactorings can only be executed on particular designs, obeying very strict conditions.

these rules are not to be interpreted as rules in a rule-based system.


Hence, any adaptivesystemshouldhavethreekey elementsnamely monitoring, decision making and recon.guring.

this form of recon.guration is called Internal Recon.guration or Programmed Recon.guration.


Server s2 .rst generates view (2, {a, b, c, d, e}), which has a wrong view identi.er; then, when s2 receives the last proposal from s1, it generates the correct view (3, {a, b, c, d, e}).

note that ns memb is just a membership set, not a view.


REFERENCES [1] R. Buyya, M. Pathan, and A. Vakali, Content Delivery Networks: Principles and Paradigms, Lecture Notes Electrical Engineering, Vol.

if the rate of addition of new content is slow this does not introduce significant overhead.


The correct measurement of software parameters on client computers can improve software development decisions, resulting in optimal choices for platforms and versions and to powerful applications increasing user satisfaction in the Internet community.

to obtain information also for those cases in which Java is non-functional or absent, and to ensure that measurements can be obtained from most user computers, we developed and tested a combination of PHP, HTML, Javascript, and Java.


In this case T4 interferes with T0 because T0 is writing .eld b and T4 is reading .eld b, resulting in a true data dependence.

prior to the incorporation of structure slicing, mapping a task t in Legion required a mapper to respond to the following queries from the Legion runtime: Select the target processor for the task t  For each logical region r that t has privileges, select a target memory in which to create or reuse a physical instance of r   Array-of-Structs (AOS), C-array ordering over 3-D space    Struct-of-Arrays (SOA) , C-array ordering over 3-D space     Fortran-array layout of 2-D Slices of 3-D space, with interleaved SOA slices of fields Fig.


USN Service Integration and Provision tier includes Open API Processor, Platform Manager, USN metadata directory service and Security.

real world) while SWE designs the framework for sensor data (observations) access and processing (virtual world .


In this case, both the component that provides the interface and the component that requires the interface have to be modified the former to realize the new functionality, and the latter to request it.

a component that needs to be replaced has to stop being active and become quiescent, the components that it communicates with need to stop communicating with it; the component then needs to be unlinked, removed and replaced by the new component, after which the configuration needs to be relinked and restarted.


For example, given the standard structure in which a list is either empty or is made with cons, students correctly identi.ed insertion sort as structural and selection sort as generative.


Padding is inserted between the members as necessary to satisfy the alignment constraints of the machine.

holes arising from inter-.eld padding cannot be detected and reused, as in the following example: struct A0 {} struct A: A0 { char x; int y; }; struct B: A { char z; }; There is some alignment padding between A::x and A::y, but in the layout of B, our formalization does not allow z to be stored in this unused space, as the data of A is considered to be contiguous.


2.3 Scheduling Parallel Applications In the previous section, we have shown that resource contention among coscheduled processes can cause slowdowns and that such slowdowns can be largely mitigated by symbiotic space-sharing.

including a limiting resource .ag alongside the others that users already declare in their submit scripts is practical and familiar.


Section 4 describes the analyses required to eliminate redundant data transfer between the GPU and host processor across specializer calls, which increases performance up to 20× on various problems.

embedded DSLs (DSELs) have the additional advantage [7] that programs can take advantage of most or all features of the embedding language, and that complete programs in the embedding language can include subprograms in multiple distinct embedded languages.


Seventh European Workshop on Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World, (LNAI Vol.

as noted earlier, the conditions in these constructs may contain belief, desire, and intention modalities.


For example, a system may have ..... ....... ... as the set of inputs while only inputs ..... ... ... ... signi.cantly affect resource .. .

the value of , according to our experiments, will range from 5 to 10. on the system).


This work is the closest to our proposition in that the mechanisms to get observation information correspond to aspect weawing.

as we will see, we use Fractal for its .exibility and its extensibility: one of the main features of this component model is that it is dynamic and re.exive.


Thus, direct links between application objects are actual instances of designlevel single-valued associations.

note that the semantics of destroy does not prevent a destroyed object from being accessed by objects from within the detached sub-tree.


Generics are handled on an instantiation by instantiation basis.

2.1 Current Drawbacks in Code-Based Software Testing Software complexity and accelerated development schedules make avoiding defects difficult.


The advantage of both of these solutions is that they operate based only on local knowledge.

hence, detecting these cases and allocating the appropriate collection object may be more advantageous than sticking to a single implementation for all cases.


if k represents the number of type errors we get if we assign type A to f:i, we denote the corresponding p-value as p(A).


Since every .rst-class program entity is an object, and all interaction among objects takes place through message passing, the model is purely object-based.

a simple and unifying approach to subjective objects.


Now, when implementing the resulting transformation, it may seem natural to consider an analogous adaptation of the standard Algorithm W [7] or any othero.-the-shelf algorithmfor reconstructing typesinMLlike languages.

mathematical Structures in Computer Science, 13(1):157 197, 2003.


For collecting this information, it is important to know that the employees operating a business application might not always be aware of its architecture.

such a solution might be the singleton instance of the NoArchitecturalSolution, thereby indicating, that no standard solution has been used.


while not treating a message, processes keep: a colored P-token -sometimes- For every process, upon reception of a message: If the process has two P-tokens /* one was carried by the message, */ /* one was already at the process */ Then the process merges them into one.

tokens also move randomly (the coin flips determine they stay or move) and merge when they meet in the J. Beauqnier, S. Cordier and S. Dela~t [1] (1995) solution for uniform unidirectional rings.


(a)RMSE v. training time(b)RMSE Evolution Figure 2: (a) RMSE as a function of the training period.

these approachesyield stronger resultsthan[22] as gradient descent does not always converge to the original matrix,orevena minimizerof theRMSE.Nevertheless,gradient descent methods reduce the RMSE even when entries are not removed uniformly at random whichistrueforthe system we study.


For example, if one peer adapts to a suspected security threat by starting to encrypt messages, it is obvious that its peers must also adapt so they can decrypt the message body using the correct key.

a model for adaptive fault-tolerant systems.


A product con.guration de.nes which variants have been selected for this product.

we have demonstrated the bene.ts for evolution of UI families: Modi.cations need to be performed just once on the abstract product family model and can be automatically propagated to numerous individually customized products without loss of customizations.


The profiles now mainly are used the content adaptation and the customer relationship management.

client-side components are classified into static information and dynamic information according to change frequency while a user use contents adaptation services.


These applications are very small and therefore an arti.cially large portion of their methods are involved in communication.

the result yields a clean interface for the bounded buffer and the intuitive speci.cation for the pipeline: Mp =({produce, consume}, {GPipe }, Ø) GPipe =({produce}, {consume}) Mb =({enqueue, dequeue}, {GBu.er }, {IBu.erClient }) GBu.er =({enqueue, dequeue}, {enqueue, dequeue}) IBu.erClient =({enqueue}, {dequeue}) At the pipeline level, we can now regard the bounded buffer just as we do memory.


One important indicator for the clustering is the coupling of two elements.

a calls the method m3() from B.Because m3() is not provided by the interface IB, A downcasts the object ib to the concrete type B in order to access m3().


Today however we see that commodity hardware is being used as well, resulting in ever more diverse hardware resources that shouldbe taken advantageofbythe software.

other research interests include OO language design, object versioning, aspectoriented programming, and logic meta programming.


This was fairly analogous to defining events for logging purposes (as described in section 2.1).

switching implementation is a simple build time decision of which implementation aspect to include.


2.3 Terms in Haskell In Haskell, we represent signatures as (regular) functors.


{0,...,k} there is a probability of at least d for all processes that run sharedCoink+1 to output values in {v1,...,vk}.

this can only happen for one value of j at any given time, by ensuring that a process participates only in one multi-valued consensus algorithm at a time.


The optimization drives these decisions, and the resulting target response times are conveyed to the request policers.

our abstraction of a single replica of a service is a G/G/1 queuing system for which the following bound is known [13]: » -1 sa 2 + sb 2 .


(Q +D))where D is the depth at which the subtree replacement occurred.

in ACM Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, pages 220 231, 2003.


We also show that residual edge pro.ling is inadequate as a signi.cant number of untested paths include no new untested edges.

ball-Larus numbering: Assign Ball-Larus numbers to all paths in each supergraph.


In Section 2, the basic features of Tsunami Modeling Software are discussed including analysis the information environment needed to adapt the software to a SOA platform.

the original MVC pattern works like a closed loop wherein the View talks to the Controller, this as well connects to the Model, which in turns talks to the View.


These students are using a modi.ed Caml compiler that saves a copy of every .le that is passed to the compiler whether the .le type-checks or not.

section 6 extends our approach with dependent modi.cations, which lead to a more elegant and ef.cient interaction between the enumerator and the searcher.


Compute L(H) for each component H, where L(H) is the shortest path from H s source to H s sink, with buffer lengths as edge weights.

if b does not .lter 12, no dummy message is needed and b simply updates bd s LT N to 12.


In this narrow context, we see some of the only evidence that prior experience in the project ecosystem may allow an individual to sidestep some of the standard learning processes and begin to commit directly to core elements of the project.

one of the authors worked with members of the community, and utilized information from norms and practices, such as referencing bug numbers in source code commit messages, to link together all the elements.


This accounts for the ease with which we have implemented otherwise complicated analysis and transformations: Reasoning about a single execution path is inherently simpler than reasoning about an entire .owgraph.

the macros reverse, member, use and def compute, respectively, list reversal, list membership, the list of variables referenced in an assignment and the variable de.ned by an assignment.


Problems from the OIE contests: This course gathers all problems used in the Spanish Olympiads (see Section 5).

if the checking is as expected, then the verdict is Accepted: Test cases passed .


Section 4.1.2 discusses the interprocedural analysis for a procedure by considering the side-effects of its callsites and performing context-sensitive heap cloning at its callsites.

then, the points-to information obtained is used to answer the alias queries generated by the compiler.


FIELD STUDY DESCRIPTION The field study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of the SEMAT Essence s approach.

agile retrospectives tend to focus on known issues while Essence reflections tend to make unknown issues apparent by covering the project holistically and reminding participants of critical areas that are sometimes neglected.


If the IonMonkey compiler infers that a numeric variable is an integer, then this type is used to compile that variable, instead of the more expensive .oating point type.


The tool has limited flexibility, and automates the process only for the initial introduction of error handling logic.

the initial process involved two weeks of remote collaboration, including code reviews, preliminary design, and other preparation.


there has been renewed interest in the use of more realistic environmental settings for the evaluation of agent control architectures.


The list includes at least workflows, collaboration templates (a collection of services connected by a set of workflows), architecture, application templates (i.e., a family of related applications that can be substantiated by a variety of published services and workflows), test cases and test scripts, test evaluation results, policies (commonly used in SOC), and various social ranking.

for example, Hadoop, an open-source cloud computing program, has a machine-learning component Mahout [Mahout 2009] that can learn and adjust the software system behavior.


the identity check used by SmartSockets also allows the use of partial identi.ers.


tween tasks, and it can be said that the propagating task handles the exception on behalf of the raising task.

rephrasing the above design goal formally, the control .ow resulting from an exception detected at t shall appeartobeidenticaltothat resultingfromanexceptiondetected at t- .


This difference is due to the fact that SCP can turn the sender s radio off after sending a short preamble and a single payload packet.

2 Power-Ef.cient MAC Protocols In this section, we provide an overview of existing poweref.cient MAC protocols.


Figure 14 shows, for the 8 and 16 CPU cases, the performance improvements under different shared storage cache capacities.

to add adaptability to changing access patterns, several researchers studied enhancements to the classical CLOCK algorithm, such as 2Q [18] and LRFU [9].


We also measure similarity for di.erent software by using k-gram and Smith-Waterman algorithm, and the result from k-gram is generally higher than Smith-Waterman algorithm, maximum of 21%.

thick edges connect between two blocks which are expected to be executed more often within the CFG in the Figure 1-4.


The reduced processor speed then bene.ts from a second trend: CPU power consumption grows super-linearly with speed.

this improved ef.ciency came at the cost of considerable implementation effort.


if processor run queues become unbalanced, the load balancing mechanism migrates processes between processors.


The National Weather Sensor Grid * Hock Beng Lim, Keck Voon Ling, Wenqiang Wang, Yuxia Yao, Mudasser Iqbal, Boyang Li, Xiaonan Yin, Tarun Sharma Intelligent Systems Centre Nanyang Technological University  limhb@ntu.edu.sg http://nwsp.ntu.edu.sg/nwsp Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.4 [Distributed Systems]: Distributed applications General Terms Design, Experimentation, Measurement  Keywords Sensor Networks, Grid Computing, Sensor Grid, Sensor Data Management, Data Visualization, Web Integration 1 Introduction With the rapid advances in technologies such as MEMS sensors, low-power embedded processing and wireless networking, sensor networks are becoming more powerful in terms of data acquisition and processing capabilities.

sensor networks often operate as separate information silos, and the sensor resources and data cannot be easily shared.


Empirical Software Engineering, 16, 3 (June 2011), 396-423.

it became, by comparison, less polished .


The sum of the marginal entropies can be greater, smaller or equal to the entropy of the whole catalog.

the separation power of the catalog is equivalent to that of a partitioning into 19 39 equal and disjoint sets.


This concept offers several advantages, as we observed that: In multi-target systems, many transformation rules share some common parts either in the NAC, LHS or RHS and only slightly differ from one rule to another one.

colored transformation rules based on these colored model elements can be therefore specified and applied in order to produce various user interfaces with different modalities of interaction, depending on the context of use.


When applying the rule, a logged edge to the selector and the argument is created.

the aspect consists of a .lter module named Log-Module, which contains one input-.lter.


It means not only gathering information from third parties but also setting basic elements that categorize COTS components, allowing us to assess quality properties perhaps by using metrics or some testing mechanisms.

additionally, legal aspects behind the portal should support or at least clarify implications on the portal use differently from the COTS component use itself.


When the prefetching range is determined at compile time, it is called static prefetching range.

experiments show that the policy optimization has to be balanced with the runtime overhead due to implementing these policies in software.


Acknowledgments We thank all participants of the Shonan Meeting for their contribution and discussion of the challenge problems.

v: Rep[Array[Int]] is the code type, for an integer array.


In this model, run-time information of I/O operations is collected when the guest domains (domainUs) run, and scheduling decision is then made when the preset conditions are satis.ed.

when the tick timer frequency keeps increasing after the network bandwidth reaches the peak value, the average bandwidth start to decrease.


Using Dynamic Execution Traces and Program Invariants to Enhance Behavioral Model Inference Ivo Krka , Yuriy Brun§, Daniel Popescu , Joshua Garcia , and Nenad Medvidovic Computer Science Department §Computer Science & Engineering University of Southern California University of Washington Los Angeles, CA 90089-0781, USA Seattle, WA 98195-2350, USA { krka,dpopescu,joshuaga,neno}@usc.edu brun@cs.washington.edu ABSTRACT Software behavioral models have proven useful for design, validation, veri.cation, and maintenance.

the beginning of Trace 3 is captured in the re.ned automaton with the following FSA sequence: StackArisF ullisEmpty S0 .


Component interaction is enabled through events to loosely couple widgets as in Sqwelch.

in the first stage of the process we selected the LOINC vocabulary [16] as a taxonomy that can be extracted and modified for use in a Sqwelch relational database table.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.

by the end of the day we hope to reach some kind of consensus which will advance this last issue of adoption.


This allows a transactor to recognize reliance on other transactors and how they directly in.uence its own current state.

it may be entirely possible to create a protocol that allows for dynamic addition of participants in an open distributed system where knowing all involved participants ahead of time is not possible.


Some .ow graphs, in particular the ones equivalent to the complete .ow graph, have no equivalent reducible .ow graph that is not exponential in size.

let Sn be the minimal number of leaves in a S-complete tree with |S| = n.Then Sn = 2n-1 .


The ANSI standard for RBAC is specified in the Z language.


Spoon allows for the definition of program processors and annotation processors that use Compile-Time reflection, which is achieved with an extension of Sun s APT.

compared to other frameworks (such as JAC [7], Spring-AOP [4], and JBoss AOP [1]), Spoon is by far more efficient since it avoids reflection or proxying when unneeded.


The latter include features to infer types from instances or identify inheritance relationships between model elements based on their properties (i.e.

the textual DSL support allows the default textual rendering of multi-level models to be augmented with a custom notation.


The style is informal in that strong relationships between the elements have not been worked out in detail yet.

moreover, the response to the gauge is really quite separable from the detection of the problem, which really constitutes the essence of the pattern.


For instance, if L is the list '(1 2 3 4 5), students of both conceptions will say correctly that (first L) returns the number 1.

nevertheless, a number of factors may be offered to explain the emergence of this conception.


Recovery causes a little more disruption, because the amount of state that needs to be synchronized doubles.

newTimestamp() // Slow recovery path begins send [Order&ReadLog, ts] to bricks in the seggroup ts .


Like models, ontologies may provide a foundation for MDE.

in Intelligent Information Integration,volume 23 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1999.


In this paper, we present an automated technique for solving safety problems for ATRBAC policies that goes beyond the limitations of available approaches by reusing the symbolic model checking technique in [19].

if an action is not useful, it is guaranteed not to contribute to the computation of the set of backward reachable states and can thus be discarded without degrading the precision of the analysis.


Introduction tion, manipulation, and veri.cation of intensionally de.ned Quality is an important goal in development process of all sets of source code entities.

metrics cannot express and recurring problems in program design.


These are (i) displaying a posted comment by using a PHP variable $msg, (ii) showing an error message, if a given file name is not found by using a PHP variable $_GET( fname ), and (iii) greeting a user with his name by using a JavaScript variable name.

table 12 shows a summary of the characteristics of these applications that include vulnerability ID, Lines of Code (LOC), and analyzed file names.


When an XACML PDP cannot evaluate a request, the XACML PDP should produce NotApplicable or Indeterminate decisions instead of producing no decision.

bai and Dong [7] propose an approach of WSDL-based test-case generation forWeb-service testing.


Introduction Understanding and evolving large software systems is one of the most pressing challenges confronting software engineers today.

during reduction, these parameters may be replaced with locations £, indicating the object that corresponds to that actual alias parameter.


2.2 Compressing Traces Using Control FlowGraph Knowledge The purpose of call trace logging is to provide a detailed view of runtime program .ow.

dISCUSSION This poster introduces a technique to compress trace logs using static CFG information.


This language can then be used to describe the delta shown in Listing 3.

we need to provide an implementation of the interface ModelElementIdentifier for all nonterminals N .


Measuring the performance of interactive applications with listener latency pro.ling.

itisofparamountimportancethat LLPcoversthe Javaclasslibrary,becauseitincludes manyimplementations of the EventListener interface.


(a) Property 1 is upheld since there are no renames performed by this transformation.

the following condition must be ful.lled both for C and recursively for any subclasses of C in T: If there is one or more methods named m in C or any of its superclasses, then the signature of m must be such that it will represent a legal overload, according to Java rules, with respect to the existing methods named m .


Note that even when no errors are encountered, some instructions in the optimized version are nevertheless reported.

during the forward pass, for a given instruction in dDDG of one version, potential matching candidates from the dDDG of the other version are identi.ed by considering the matching relationships of parent nodes of .


Mechanisms for handling diversity in a product population.

this is not an issue with a graphical approaches to modelling, which explicitly separate the two concepts.


This is a consequence of working in a purely abstract setting.

4.5 Example Product Lines In order to illustrate the highly formal theory in my thesis, I will use several example product lines.


[16] S. A. McIlraith, T. C. Zeng, and H. Zeng.

the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm is very suitable for this kind of environment since, in this architectural model, the applications and devices that support them are abstracted like loosely-coupled services that can be integrated into bigger systems.


Then, delete the record from the bucket.

table 3 shows the estimated results for execution time in a smallscale system(N =210,M =25,Mmax =29).


In Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS) (March 2009), pp.

while forward recovery and loose replay are often successful in reducing rollbacks and preservingwork done duringafailed epoch, theyappear to be most bene.cial forCPU-bound applications with longer epoch durations.


Although so far we use PREFAIL primarily to .nd reliability bugs, we envision PREFAIL will empower many more program analyses under failures .


During the portal call, a complex routine that copies the referenced object and all transitively reachable objects to the heap of the target domain is invoked.

oSEK/VDX resourcescouldalsobeusedtosynchronize access toashared memory area used by tasks of di.erent domains.


Di.erent feature combinations result in Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.

using the JML statements assert and assume, we were able to provide an intermediate goal with which Simplify is able complete the proof: //@ assert(forall int k; 0<=k && k (exists int z; 0<=z && z<tmp.length; tmp[z]==data[k])); //@ assume(forall int k; 0 (exists int z; 0<=z && z<tmp.length; tmp[z]==data[k])); 2Average duration of the automated veri.cation of product Sorted Stack Snoc Cons ListBase over .ve runs: standard parameters 2.3s, one additional loop step 3.1s.


Scenario 2: In this scenario, we deploy a CPU intensive application on the two VMs.

most solutions make use of consolidation and are based on migration of VM among computers.


On the other hand, the number of particle Nmax does not depend on the altitude of .rst collision.

a counterexample would be a test which would choose the .rst n jobs issued by the system as its sample, when the saboteurs are faster than the honest collaborators.


We use odd-numbered benchmarks from SPEC as the training set and even-numbered benchmarks as the testing set.

on average, contention in each dimension can cause signi.cant interference and thus all these dimensions need to be considered in our interference model.


Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.4: Distributed Systems - Distributed applications  General Terms Management, Economics, Theory  Keywords Cloud Resource Management, Virtual Machine Allocation, Workflow Scheduling  1.

the efficient delay is occurred becomes the new critical path in the workflow.


Finally, resB/A will contain QAAQs, the conjunction of the results of A and B.

in Proceedings ECOOP'97, LNCS 1241, pages 220-242, Jun 1997.


The process stops when all the needed groups are resolved, therefore with the full list of implementations.

the state model provided by SAM is sometimes complete, but it is the most complete, faithful and consistent representation of the reality.


For for all loop-nests s in procedure do transpose TLB MISSES for all memory references r in s do 140 I .

making a smart allocation decision essentially boils down to estimating two parameters: threshold and spread.


our work takes the model-mapping approach, respectful with node order, that allows mapping all XPath axis.


Hence we have EIt|wt-1 DfIt (w*, wt-1) = Df(w*; wt-1).

but generally it could be solved by the Newton method.


Given a gene, biologists wish to know the cellular function of the protein the gene codes for.

we didn t understand the Arbitrary class very well, perhaps because the overloaded arbitrary value is not a function.


That will reduce the complexity of implementing MPEG-7 description data.

few of them have supplied with media fine-grained synchronization.


We next brie.y describe these two example approaches.

these threats could be reduced by using more subjects in our evaluation.


As a limiting case, when a server is always running requested work, the batchactive model does not help performance.

when the system is aware of speculative tasks, the traditional response time metric should be re.ned.


The RCX is an autonomous programmable microcomputer, using a Hitachi H8/3932 micro-controller.

these test specifications are then translated to program code for executing tests against an implemented system.


Evolutionary detection of Lorenz solution seem to be an appealing one.

three criteria are considered: response time, cost and availability.


The cases that previously occurred are recorded in knowledge repository, and can be contrasted with current situation to decide which action should be taken.

an emerging software paradigm named Internetware was proposed to handle openness, dynamism of software systems in the context of Internet.


2.3 Distributed Computation of Correlation Graph In this subsection, we brie.y describe how the correlation graph of a sensor network is constructed by piggybacking additional messages over the normal data-gathering messages, and adding correlation hyperedges.

each sensor has a unique ID, and a radio interface, which is used to communicate directly with some of the sensors around it.


Xdelta detects 77% of the .le as new and CDC even classi.es 84% of the .le as new.

this is illustrated in Figure 14 For a second experiment, we modi.ed a short Call for Papers document with Adobe Acrobat 5.0 and Apple s Preview application by adding a circle symbol as review comment.


Providing a functionality to securely archive a once recorded and signed voice conversation is a task that can be easily ful.lled by either party of the conversation.

furthermore, the consumption of battery power through the proposed implementation could be examined, and the results could help to further optimize the signatures approach for use on mobile devices.


3.1.4 Information Collection Problem: pattern identification can be driven by domain experts who capture their experience.

we argue that the diversity of the domains in which this methodology has been applied ensures the generality of the presented approach to a significant extend  after which it may then be applied to other domains by researchers of the pattern community.


c) self-optimizing: Automatic monitoring and control of resources to ensure the optimal functioning with re spect to the de.ned requirements.

the functionality of dynamically con.guring, initializing, suspending, resuming, and terminating a Service created using the Manager Pattern must be added to fully implement the Service Administration Pattern.


The process of Developing Software Product Line Architectures can be a complex task.

eclipseCon 2008 - http://www.eclipsecon.org/2008/?page=sub/&id=282  23.


A dynamic slice [8], computed with respect to the execution trace of a failing execution E, excludes statements, and NPAs, that do not execute in E. Thus, it could exclude some of the possible NPAs identi.ed by our stack-traceguided approach.

exception-chain analysis: Revealing exception handling architectureinJavaserver applications.In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Software Engineering, pages 230 239, May 2007.


Fu n c t i o n 4 recursePropagation(setOfCPS:Set, cont:Context):void 1: for all cps 2 setOfCPS do 2: deTarget := cps.getDE() 3: multTgt := deTarget.getMultiplicity() 4: if (multTgt.upperBound() = 1) or (cont = GC) then 5: propagate(cps, GC) 6: if not multTgt.upperBound() = 1 then 7: for all locCtx 2 SetOfLocalContexts do 8: localCPS := locCtx.mergeWithCPS(cps) 9: propagate(localCPS, locCtx) 10: else 11: propagate(cps, cont) Function 4 then performs the propagation recursively.

if we select in a speci.c Room sub-con.guration a Locking actuator, then only the associated (but all of them) Opening sub-con.gurations should have a Lock feature.


The results showed that users require significantly more time (p = 0.005) to construct an object with a factory than with a constructorwhile performing both context-sensitive and contextfree tasks.

we feel that our results show significant negative impacts on programmers real ability to use APIs.


The tree-hash for a subtree at height h is computed from the n compound tree-hashes at level h - 1.

speci.cally, for our distance measures we show how to .nd an approximate nearest neighbor of a query tree.


A downcall occurs when a superclass method calls a method that is overridden in the subclass.

furthermore, in general it is unsound to allow non-re.ning public methods in subtypes, since this breaks behavioral subtyping [1, 4, 21, 20].


It does not extend the artifact language, Java, and is independent of any particular compiler or environment.

adding a new feature to a system typically involves invasive changes to many classes, because the feature code is scattered across multiple classes, and tangled with other code within those classes.


5 Other Uses The presented methodology for locality analysis has many potential uses for helping us understand application performance.

bunt has produced a host of publications studying both kinds of locality ranging from his seminal papers [11, 24, 23] to various investigations of metrics and measurement techniques.


The output will be current location of a particular person which is nothing but a co-ordinate in form of (x,y) and consumes 8 bytes in total.

since LIVE uses di.erent version number associated with each relation, we cannot retrieve the overall database state given a single version number.


Feedback that supports the children in achieving their task should preferably be provided in an optimal orientation.

[11] published some guidelines for tabletop applications and the implications for orientation management.


Recently, a constraint definition by example technique has been partially developed.

the current inference engine uses rules for inference.


It should be clear that the variables in the procedures in this chain do not overlap, on the stack, and all of these have fixed locations on the stack.

the result of this must be to reset B in such a way that the displacements u+x and v+y will still be valid.


By default, arling a credential prevents that credential from ever being attached to any HTTP request.

since the Origin header is null for all requests originating from anchor tags, these sites would be forced into using forms instead if they wish to leverage the Origin header.


To implement this, we use the kernel s own reference count primitives for these objects and piggyback on them by calling the corresponding kernel subroutines to modify the reference count.

there is a brief period in time in which the child process can resume execution without informing the virtualization module of its existence.


The x86 64-bit ABI reserves this register for its intended purpose, as stack register.

the JIT extensions adds an API to the sandbox that a JIT compiler uses to generate new code; before executing that code, the sandbox veri.es that the new code respects all restrictions imposed by Native Client, and therefore cannot break out of the sandbox.


We now formally de.ne an expose function that works along the DP dimension: expose rc(P )= expose r(P ) .expose c(P ) The following theorem shows that moving along the DP dimension is a precision reducing transformation.

the paper effectively contained two very complex abstract algorithms, and a few discontinuous transformations where their application was only described informally.


Analysis shows that Tachyon can reduce replication caused network traf.c up to 50%.

tachyon eliminates this bottleneck by pushing lineage, a well-known technique, into the storage layer.


Ideal participants are active software developers who are .uent with software architecture concepts.

hard mechanisms are machine checkable (e.g., the type system) while soft mechanisms rely on humans (e.g., method naming patterns).


As can be seen, M is an atom and the call to length/1 will always fail in this case.

the resulting code is cleaner, easier to understand and maintain, more robust, and much better documented.


On these smaller traces, the basic algorithm outperforms our symbolic algorithm.

rELATED WORK The literature on speci.cation mining is varied, but many tools and techniques share similar characterizations of properties: .nite automata that describe correct behavior.


Given a linear control design problem, we set up a non-convex optimization problem to minimize a weighted combination of the LQR-LQG cost function and the implementation error.

(b(eq1)+ b(eq2)), (5.7) PM GM where PM and GM are phase and gain margins, w1,w2,w3 are weighting factors, .


For large problems, we design and evaluate two approximation algorithms, A*-cluster and local-matching algorithms, to e.ectively approximate the optimal schedules with good accuracy and high scalability.

if the co-runners of a job are all pseudojobs, that job has no performance degradation at all.


In most of the solutions mentioned above, there is an implicit assumption that the observer of an event is unique and global, which is the system, or the program.


support variability of nodes and edges, while we support only variability of nodes to conform to the snippet model.

a document snippet linked from multiple element snippets represents the multiple appearance of a VP across a document (or documents).


When Java is proposed by Sun, it mainly targets client applications running in the browser, so it uses a stack-based bytecode which is more compact, minimizing the consumption of network bandwidth.

after the trace is compiled, JITC-Droid will mark the start point of the trace so that the interpreter could immediately invoke the compiled code when the control .ow transfers to this trace.


We .rst used our of.ine execution behavior characterization to generate the ECG for all benchmarks.

in order to estimate the dynamic execution time, we need pro.le information of regions of code that correspond to edges in the ECG H. We acquire this by generating a collapsed control .ow graph G. =(V ,E) from the control-.ow graph G =(V, E) of the program.


as said above, 71 instructions are needed to read the clock and the clock must be read to obtain the relative down-count that should be loaded in the hardware register.


In this setup, we control the PR2 and the human avatar via ROS [6] middleware.

ros: an open-source robot operating system.


They may be composed of other software components and may use other software components or resources.

resolving the variation points, we create the application variants, each of which consists of selecting one realizing Plan for every appearing Component Type.


In most cases, one needs selection criteria on the set of all traces of the model.

a yields the highest coverage which is unmatched by the second best suite B.


The Deliverable interface is implemented by the application programmer in order to receive events matching the issued .lters.


In contrast to [29], our protocol always guarantees that the consequence of a failure is limited to a subset of processes.

communications of the ACM, 21(7):558 565, 1978.


Note also that in the initial document, the text that appears below the image (This is a black pen on a table ...

commitment to the provision of equal opportunities for accessing resources for people with special needs; the meeting of user needs.


In the above example the web application can request this behavior by including: <field type="hidden" name="rdc-onClick-0submittype" value="automatic"> Automatic submission is ideal for scenarios such as phonebased login: as soon as a username and password are entered and confirmed on the phone's keypad the web-application proceeds to the next page.

the RDC agent detects the presence of this tag and sends an HTTP Request (R1 in Figure 5) to the personal device requesting its first key exchange message.


We also thank the anonymous reviewers, who helped improve this paper a lot.

sometimes it is necessary to be able to compute and store the array as data in memory, for example to facilitate sharing of computed results.


Using students as experimental subjects -an analysis of graduate and freshmen student data.


Iterative generation and mutation phases.

besides the future work discussed in Section 5, we plan to explore other types of techniques in evolving captured object instances beyond random testing.


SEMANTIC FAULT DIAGNOSIS Semantic Fault Diagnosis (SFD) is the process of automatically providing natural-language fault descriptions to developers based upon source code and dynamic information.

aCKNOWLEDGMENTS This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation, through Award CCF-1116943 and through Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No.


Dynamic sources of repetition In this case, the generation of repeated markings is due to the search method employed.

the order relations among the markings must be stored.


It is beneficial to use as much slack as possible.

in ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, Volume 2, Number 3, pages 277-324, 2003.


Every single mission has to be identified by a MIC.

in practice the user is allowed to annotate the maps by defining areas and specifying their properties.


Energy-e.cient soft real-time cpu scheduling for mobile multimedia systems.

when wcc increases beyond 20 × 106 , DET chooses the frequency (f = U)tominimize the system energy under the wcc case, while OPT can still use fee to achieve better expected energy savings by considering the probabilistic workload information.


Five approaches to delay estimation of such systems are proposed.

considering the CPG G1 in Figure 2, it is easy to observe that process P3 on the one hand and processes P2 and P4 on the other hand will not be activated during the same period of G1.


We wish to avoid any additional pro.ling runs or exhaustive search over different data sets, so our decision is based on static compiler analysis of the program structure and runtime parameters.

we achieved average (up to) speedups of 4.51x and 4.20x (143x and 67x) respectively over a sequential baseline.


extends to the right as much as possible: for example, let box u =i M in xy means let box u =i M in (xy).

the resulting systems handle both mobility of code and locality of resources in a single framework.


If, as usual, the model constrains the information and its structure, constraints show through in the visual layer, limiting freedom: the visual layer is limited to what the underlying model can represent.

analysts themselves are typically business people with deep understanding of business issues and varying degrees of technical expertise.


No LoCCAM, cada subscrição recebe apenas um filtro e um reaction.

use of this language allows the developer a greater abstraction in the access to middleware.


We .rst review basic Telex concepts, then detail how we leverage them to e.ciently support CME.

unique Identi.ers : Two model elements may not share the same unique identi.er.


RELATED WORK While software repositorieshavebeen analyzedextensively during the last years, only few researchers have tried to exploit the information provided by email archives.

patches that are connected in this sense should be marked at least.


Immigrant Manager s Status in Offshore Country The same theory and findings on the importance of within group status discussed in the above proposition suggests that immigrant managers will be more inclined to identify with their home country if they perceive themselves to fair well in within-group comparisons.

it was often that we could not get the requirements to them as quickly as we would like.


For instance, only top-level classes are related to database tables or a table related to a class always contains a primary key column.

we enrich our background knowledge and negative facts.