First, we generalize the construction Q|(G,t) to Q|(G,G),where G is a subgoal such that every tuple compatible with G is also compatible with all the subgoals in G. We then show that this construction can also be used to reason about critical tuples.

chekuri and Rajaram [7] relate the hardness of query containment to the cyclicity of the query graph.


Unlike availability policies, resiliency policies such as the ones we consider in this paper do not specify a permission requirement on any individual user; rather, they specify requirements about tolerating absent users and the overall ability of groups of users to perform critical tasks.

for example, there may be requirement that no user is authorized for permissions pi and pj at the same time.


Distraction status: A simple CRT task may appear with 1/3 probability each time when a participant presses a response key.


The PID is assigned sequentially according to the order that the application is running.

when Private Keys Are Public: Results From the 2008 Debian OpenSSL Vulnerability.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.

itisimportanttonotethatifinheritancebetweentwo rolesisdefnedjustbyusingoneoftheunrestrictedtypes, theinheritancesemanticsappliesevenwhentherolesarenot enabled.Thebeneftofsuchacaseisinthepropagationof theinheritancesemanticsalongthehierarchy,asillustrated inFigure3.Assumethatthehierarchyisanunrestricted A-hierarchyandconsideranintervalTinwhichonlyroles r1andr4areenabled.Wecanseethatdefnition2appliestoeachpairandtheresultisthatanyuserassigned  r1 enabled in t r2 disabled in t r3 disabled in t enabled in t r4 Figure3:Inheritancethroughdisabledroles  tor1canalsoactivater4.NowsupposethatitisanAw hierarchyasdefnedin5.Asr2andr3arebothdisabled, theactivation-inheritancesemanticsdoesnotapplybetween them.Andhence,itblockstheactivation-inheritancesemanticsbetweenr1andr4also.nouserassignedto r1willbeabletoactivateroler4.


Then,Alice sendstoBob thevector c =( c1,c 2,··· ,c m)and h. A similar phase is also found in the protocol of Bussard and Bagga[11].

thisclaimis moreexplicit when we deal with res-adv and rd-adv in Section 5.


[7] Snyder, R. Ethical hacking and password cracking: A pattern for individualized security exercises.

a news report  may go out that hackers are exploiting a specific vulnerability.


Proof Trees have been used in previous work for authorization purposes.

in the remainder of this paper, with the exception of Section 3.3 where managing revocation is discussed, we omit this parameter from example clauses.


4.1 First Contact As the name suggests, a first contact message is the message of first contact with the protected user from a given sender.

these facilities are as follows: Outbound Message Insertion,  An AJAX Web Service, and  Manual Key Issuing Facility  9.2 How Message Keys Reduce Reply Lost Messages Replies are the most common form of email message and fortunately ReplyLost Messages are the easiest to avoid.


Moreover, they used asynchronous communication for the interaction between IPsec and SEND.

the security must be considered at the initial stage when the host gets its address.


Since administrative roles may be hierarchical, senior administrative roles get the permissions on junior administrative roles.

attribute involvedprj is a set-valued attribute returning the list of projects the user participates in.


Con.dentiality is the prevention of unauthorized disclosure of information, integrity is the prevention of unauthorized modi.cation of information, and Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.

when we actually have de.ned and agreed on such attributes, like in the common criteria [2], the measures are often qualitative, i.e., based on experience, and do not carry enough information about its values to allow formal analysis.


§2.3)  All of these are important questions.

herein we present a technical overview of one proposal to address this problem a hybrid text and graphical password scheme called gridWord but rather than focus on evaluation of the proposal itself, use it as a concrete case study to explore how to best carry out such evaluations, and broader questions involving how the security research community referees (evaluates) work in security and usability.


It runs the Snapgear Linux [15] which is an embedded Linux customized for the processor and runs kernel version of 2.6.21.1.

more ideas based on hypervisor has been proposed and implemented on popular hypervisors such as Xen [22, 23].


The MAC in CKD was implemented using HMAC with SHA1.

with a backup, the user can copy sensitive .les to a new laptop and use the new TPM and a new location-independent key.


Hence, we obfuscated OSS projects and found that the resulting bogus programs of even these projects were not easily detected as bogus programs, but rather, adversaries were likely to be confounded and fail to distinguish between real and bogus source code.

the software-based decoy system prevents insiders that illegally obtain proprietary software through deceptive mechanisms.


For example, inline scripts are not entity decoded but inline event handlers are.

for example, many web sites provide a user-to-user messaging facility (e.g., YouTube, Flickr, and Facebook all provide in-site messaging).


GB Criterion 3 A ~S B if GA = GB Proposition 1 If any attacker which can compromise A can compromise B as well, then A .S B.

cost of reduction gives information for those who are responsible for a security budget (e.g., security managers and .nancial managers).


Current anomaly detection systems employ feature classes for detection that do not vary throughout the operational life of the ADS.

rEFERENCES [1] D. Wagner and P. Soto, Mimicry attacks on host-based intrusion detection systems, ACM CCS 2002.


The paper describing them took longer to write than the properties themselves.

the optimization in question is based on a correspondence between two trees of di.erent arity in which the second tree (the mapping table hierarchy) is a lazily generated partial projection of the .rst (the node tree) [13].


Packet Sent Packet sent by the server per sec.

time spends in executing protection method must be carefully considered.


[50] K. Suzuki, K. Kobayashi, and H. Morita.

such manipulation is mostly limited (§5) to endowing a colluding bidder with a right of .rst refusal.2 Last, a malevolent publisher can deliver the auctioned ad to the wrong user; this issue concerns the authenticity of what is being auctioned and is a different problem from auction integrity, but we can limit abuse by publishers (§5).


It may receive a transcript to be deanonymized from any out-of-band communication channel, and may be operating in batch or asynchronous mode.

this means that U can show C to OV (or any other veri.er) an unlimited number of times, without these credential shows becoming linkable to each other or to a pseudonym.


Ideally we would like GT4 to be modified in order to integrate our coordination aware authorization infrastructure directly into the PEP.

the grid job will almost certainly run on different machines under different administrative control, will probably run under different account names on each machine, and the access control mechanism of one machine is typically unable to communicate with those of the other machines.


Benchmarks are run on three separated machines running our Etch services: CE device, proxy and HU.

even when forwarded by a multicast address by mistake, messages from A containing sensitive information will never been processed and sent out by the proxy or by another service without the tag as.


Since a system state contains lots of information that is irrelevant to the classi.cation, this irrelevant information must be .ltered out.

these terms re.ect the viewpoint of the monitored VM.internal refers to a function or process that occurs within the monitored VM, while external refers to a function or process that occurs within the VMM or a privileged VM.


REFERENCES [1] K. Altun, B. Barshan, and O. Tun¸cel.

32 or 64 bits may be insucient to be used directly as a symmetric session key.


Assumption 5 Protocol of devices: Devices have only a simple network stack.

to show the practicality of CapaCon, we conducted our experiments in the following three situations: CapaCon 1: A client application in a non-resident device communicates with a server application in a resident device using CapaCon.


There were no clicks on the control ads on networkC, whichfurther supports ourhigh estimate.

note that 26% covers only the traf.c we actually investigated; we expect the disparity in discounts vs. fraudulent traf.ctogrow as weinvestigate more clicks.


Likewise, agent-based approaches like InterCloud [22] also needed to solve the problem of delegation and distributed trust and security federations.

it is essential to support multi-technology, different levels of assurance (LoA), and different policies.


the details  (a) Using unicast (b) Using the HT functionality Figure 5: Disseminating per node MACs: Naive method and HT method are shown on Figure 5(b).


4.1 Detection Accuracy To provide a systematic analysis, we use standard 10-fold cross validation technique to determine classi.cation accuracies of all algorithms.

the value of smoothing factor a determines the e.ect of goodness values of last ngrams in calculating the overall impression of the process.


One highly conservative response would be always to deny requests that would incur obligations that the obligated user might not be able to ful.ll.

we also thank our anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.


All the above discussed attacks cannot be prevented by protecting the data and control tra.c, i.e., through the use of digital signatures as the malicious nodes can generate valid signatures.

iEEE formed a separate task group s to address various issues in 802.11 LAN based WMN.


Our framework can prevent recently published privilege escalation attacks [6, 4, 10, 7, 11].

applications can also communicate through other channels that bypass the middleware, e.g., by sharing .les or by establishing a local network connection [4].


Furthermore, the authority can revoke the credentials of a limited number of users by not allowing them to recover the new session key from this public update message.

moreover, if the anonymous credentials are stolen rather than deliberately shared, the thief will have access to a valuable secret, or all of the user s other credentials in the system.


leads to a type of statistical inference which is called the maximum entropy estimate.

the notion of believability, discussed in this paper, is essential to Web 3.0.


WPES 03 October 30, 2003, Washington, DC, USA.

furthermore only a fraction of the tra.c could be attacked at any time.


Perspectives [34] multi-path probing system that provides enhanced privacy and performance.

in total, there were 3,922,967 .ows in the trace.


As described below, we use concept analysis to identify a set of candidate .ngerprints.

candidate .ngerprints must be re.ned using precision constraints.


|R| = O(.s(log .s)2) for all major skpk relations.

he picks Ri .R Zp * for 1 = i = n. He .nds w .


The Merkle-Damgård (MD) construction [12, 26] is an approach for building a collision resistant hash function from a collision resistant compression function.

[30] Wang, Xiaoyun, Hongbo Yu, and Yiqun Lisa Yin.


To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.

it has the potential to change the current state of smartphone authentications.


Let sm be the mth genuine signature of user tk(id) id in task tk, and let fsm be the mth skilled forged signature of user id in task tk, where m =1, 2, ..., 20, id = 2(id) 1, 2, ..., 40, and tk = {1, 2}.

we can not have found such a characteristic yet.


5.1 Future Work The actual SMMDumper implementation does not address Multi-Processor (MP) systems.

the snippet of code iteratively reads 4KB of memory starting from the address 0xdeadbeef.


This correlation decays in time and eventually drops down to a negligible value.

[k] = 1 means perfect correlation at lag k (which is obviously true for k = 0) and .


1We limit our consideration to friendOf relation.

a general drawback of this solution is the usability issue, as it could be very hard for ordinary OSN users to comprehend the Clarke-Tax mechanism and specify appropriate bid values for auctions.


The classi.cation accuracy achieved using one-vs-one strategy is 63.18% and 57.28% using one-vs-all stratergy.

the cycle-based feature extraction technique deployed in this paper does not su.er from the challenges faced by the .x-length segmentation based feature extraction approach, such as .nding suitable window size and search of appropriate feature extraction methods from .x-length segments.


A major limitations of existing similarity measurement methods used in XML database querying [6] is that they usually compare the values of two XML documents that have the same template (the same path from a node to the root).

the second di.erence between messages (a) and (b) is given by the nodes  and  that appear only in one message and not in the other.


To have a thorough understanding of the philosophies behind malware design, we have spent considerable amount of time analyzing the behaviors of malware programs.

our performance studies in Section 4.2 have demonstrated that these behaviors are helpful to defend against unknown malware programs.


The ideas that authenticating system calls to prevent code injectioin attacks are proposed in [6, 7].

the return address is easily identi.ed once ebp is located.


Besides isolation, the controlled communication and resource sharing between stakeholders is another security requirement in mobile devices.

[34] R. Sailer, X. Zhang, T. Jaeger, and L. van Doorn.


[22] K. Seamons, M. Winslett, and T. Yu.

suppose there exists a minimal safe disclosure sequence G according to the covering policies.


Note that in the ideal world, when Sim receives a key request with s ', he generates a fake garbled circuit (GC) as opposed to a real circuit (if Sim creates a real GC, Adv would evaluate it to recover f(0|x|), and distinguish the two worlds).

(and pattern information), allows the client to do so, where (x; .)


ATTACKER Our main observation is that, for f0 > f1 and any s, Pr( Ax = s | F(x) = f0) > Pr( Ax = s | F(x) = f1).

for clarity, we now describe two subtle di.erences of our model from the model proposed by Clancy et al.


Generating a self-signed certi.cate requires the private key of the user, whereas a CA-signed certi.cate only claims the user is owning the private key.

the hybrid generation mode relies on native support by the Web browsers, which is not provided or planned to provide by all Web browser vendors5 .


Nonetheless, anomaly detection is the learning scheme of choice if little or no data is available for the attack class, as for example, when learning a server-side detection of attacks.

we study the performance of n-gram models for web intrusion detection.


DISCUSSION 6.1 Eavesdropping Attacks Eavesdropping attacks such as vision-based eavesdropping may require the physical presence of an adversary, which limits the scale of their threat.

step 3: The user clicks on response element ei, where ei = Ti(ai)=(ai + ri mod w), where ri is a random number drawn from a uniform distribution.


To this end, we consider datasets of practical size and complexity and explore advantages and limitations of different automata representations and of various GPU implementation techniques.

we allow compressed states to consist of either 4 or 8 labeled transitions.


As a result, the compromise of almost any application on a platform often compromises the entire platform.

an attacker wishing to exploit the application must .rst either exploit its peer or .nd some means of impersonating its peer, in order to provide a vector for attack.


In Advances in Cryptology CRYPTO 02, volume 2442 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 31 46.


4.2.2 Other Potential Attestation Solutions Other features of communication channels, such as communication latency variance, packet loss, and throughput, may also be viable tools to detect a proxy attack when verifying the integrity of peripherals .rmware.

the practical bound for minimal proxy overhead is a function of the application scenario.


Note that the IdP is unable to read the RP address, hence protecting user privacy, since it is encrypted using a key known only to the browser extension.

4.4 Token Forwarding The means by which the security token is forwarded to the RP needs to be chosen carefully.


If a patient attempted to start the MedInfo application, an error message such as the one shown in Figure 4 would pop up and reject the execution request.


In addition to these statutory duties, the Privacy Commissioner has role to promote privacy in the wider community and provide information about privacy and related legislation.

introduce political campaigning, health insurance assessments and criminal intent as potential uses and suddenly the very existence of these databases can provoke anger, distrust and fear.


As a result, GPMC(pearlharbor) was computed using the Markov chain s probability tables, and GP(pearlharbor1) calculated to 2.5 × 10-17, and therefore not in need of strengthening.

additionally, the algorithm used to strengthen passwords is described.


For example, PIO overlapping is similar to the PIO con.guration space attack, but in this case the attacker can only recon.gure the con.guration space of a speci.c device she controls.

don t care .elds should never in.uence the behavior of the hardware if manipulated.


In either case, the decryption oracle does not provide any additional information with overwhelming probability.

we also pioneered a perfect monotonic secret splitting scheme where the relevant shares and the corresponding Boolean expression are only revealed as relevant pairs of shares are discovered.


In the future, we plan to integrate account linking with the TeraGrid allocations process, giving TeraGrid researchers the option of never using a TeraGrid-speci.c password.

if the username and password verify (via the TeraGrid Kerberos service), the federated login site creates a new entry in the account-link database linking the TeraGrid account with the campus identity.


Analysis of the worm would enable the defense to discover the subspace mapping algorithm and authentication hash algorithm, and thus to test for infection.

without a head start in testing systems for infection, prospective intruders will be able to enter fewer infected systems before the back doors are closed.


The magnetic .eld intensity was measured close to the power pin of the microcontroller of the transponder to serve as an indicator of its current consumption.


we design an MCMC method to iteratively learn a reasonably good HRG from the entire HRG space.


Thus an ordinary user can obtain a root shell via this exploit.

aCKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Steve Gribble, Michael Hicks, Jesse Rothstein, and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts.


Most of today s popular software solutions support plugins, such as IE s Adobe Flash Player, MS Office and Adobe Reader s translation plugin.

it may also introduce susceptibility to new security issues.


7.4 Interference from background noises Although our proposed scheme has a special design on frequency combinations at about seventy discrete frequency points, it could still fail to extract unique device IDs under environments saturated with high power noise signals, like train station, crowding restaurant, etc.


It should be noted here that EyePassShapes is fully resistant against shoulder sur.ng attacks.


Unlike standard LDPC which is assumed that the channel parameters are identical for all the symbols of a codeword, non-uniform LDPC allows different parameters and by breaking the variable node degree distribution into sub-degree distributions, realizes independent error protection for separate parts of the code.

the design parameters are and rate optimization is equivalent to maximize , which is a linear function of the design parameters.


Therefore, the optimal mean 5 Suppression can be eliminated only if µ = 8.

then, in Sections 6.2 and 6.3, we present the evaluation of blocking and SMC steps of the proposed scheme.


Illustrating one important application of system agility, moving target defenses change the environment to ensure survivability, mitigate or deceive adversaries, or increase detection capabilities.

any approach must be (a) unpredictable in its use, (b)varying widely enough to prevent the adversary from successfully guessing its activities, and (c) transparent to the adversary in its execution.


Categories and Sub ject Descriptors: K.6.5 [Security and Protection]:Authentication.

similar to the withdrawal protocol of e-cash, the protocol through which a participant obtains these e-tokens does not reveal any information to the server about what these etokens actually look like.


Statistic analysis engine analyzes the historical data, draws the x -R control charts and determines the detection threshold.

the selection of detection probability should synthetically consider the balance relationship between detection accuracy and detection time.


Community users and customers maybecharged di.erent fees to access the WMCN services.

for example, the global trust can be used to de.ne a new routing metric in order to select the most trustworthy among multiple paths with the same hop count or create a cluster whose route paths will include only safe nodes [18].


If unauthorised readers can also get a tag identi.er, then they may be able to determine the additionalinformation related to the tag.

the eavesdropper can neither link tag responses toprevious responsesfrom the same tag, nor distinguish one tag s responses from another s. It is thus di.cult to track the location of a tag.


[9] S. Cabuk, C. Dalton, H. Ramasamy, and M. Schunter.

those aspects need further investigation.


If a pure node broadcasts its neighbor list before the elapse of its initial Tmin , we can accept the list as veri.able.

then, how do we verify the neighbors neighbors?


[21] 2008 Key Agreement protocol for smart card based on zero- knowledge proof.

it offers more security and is ideal for use in applications like electronic payments, electronic voting etc.


To see this, consider the recurrence 1 (a - 1 2 a factor better than 1 +) using p(t) space.

s represents the characterization vector of some subset of [t].


K(K - 1) N = (7) 2 There are various approaches to aggregate classi.cation decisions of binary classi.ers.

), we train models with 5-fold LOOCV policy, and in every fold data is shu.ed.


our approachcanbe appliedtolanguages other thanXACML.


We choose the North Carolina Voter Dataset [21] as our second real dataset.

in controlled settings where an adversary is guaranteed not to possess signi.cant amount of prior knowledge about the plaintext data distribution, a user may prefer to use sophisticated and ef.cient protocols.


It is important to note that we do not propose yet another model on multimedia metadata.

common to them is that they assign some metadata to some media.


Advantages of authentication by ownership include the generation of secure passwords by an owned item.

in Proceedings of the 10thInternational Conference on Information Integration andWeb-based Applications & Services (Linz, Austria, November 24 - 26, 2008).


In our analysis, we assume that the split value is the noisy median (calculated from noisy counts) for categorical attributes and the noisy mean for numerical attributes.

this work has opened the way to many other related protocols [12, 1].


[12] D. M. Monro, S. Rakshit, and D. Zhang.

unlike other areas such as communication systems or data storage where there is only one class of data, biometric systems need to deal with two classes of data, that is intraclass data and interclass data.


The context of the query posed by the user is matched with the set of contexts stored and the corresponding location information is returned to the user.

such a model will not scale well when there are a verylarge number of users.


So, all Effects are not greater than the maximum change in brightness the traditional LSB algorithm brings about: 20 × 0.59 = 0.59, which cannot be perceived by human eyes.

by taking advantage of the less eyesight relevance to the lower bits, the data to be hidden are embedded into the lower (first few least) bits of each pixel.


Forinstance,accesses to objects in the operating systems bu.er cache will always trigger a check of the memory module s watchlist.

speci.cally, we subjected our design to a series of tests (using IOMeter)7 to study resource utilization under heavy usage, and used a scripting framework for Windows (called AutoIt) to automate concurrent use of a variety of applications.


Then there exists exactly one codeword, the zero codeword, which matches a pattern consisting of k zeros.

communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 22(11):612 613, Nov. 1979.


l,SM.LL b)WesaySys1?tt Sys2(statistiallyatleastas seureas)foralassSMALLifthesameasina) holdswithstatistialindistinguishabilityofallfamilies viewonf1,l(H)andviewonf2,l(H)oflroundprefxesof theviewsforpolynomialsl.

o Step4:Wehaveshownthatonf *EConf(Sys * ).Wealso have(M * ,S * )Ef#(M# ,S#)bytheonstrutionoff# .


We will refer to this modi.ed guessing entropy estimate simply as entropy from here on.

we have focused on the actual entropy, in contrast to theoretical values such as the size of the key space, that do not provide a reasonable estimate for the strength.


that indicate the type of research activities for which the patient has consented to participate.

the design of the application is, however, general enough to be used by other similar research groups and it is hoped that the system will eventually be used in other areas of medicine.


This requires very careful design, and may not always be possible, as some stakeholders may already have embraced the new technology.

information about the role to play in the experiment should be made available to stakeholders, in combination with associated attributes, e.g.


Technology and information security have become part of our everyday lives.

the user can take one device in each of his hands and randomly move them one around the other according to the horizontal and vertical axes.


Indeed, since users formulate queries according to the structure of the original document, this choice makes query processing easier.

an XPath expression exp given in input by a user u 2.


All the databases need time and expertise to administer.

there are some grants issued to people who are in prison and their procurators continue receiving the grants on behalf of these people.


If F asks for a signature on message m,then Dattempts in the standard way to simulate a proof that (g,h,y1,y2) is a DDH tuple.

assume we have an algorithm F, running in time at most t and making at most qh hash queries and at most qh signing queries, which forges a new message/signature pair with probability at least e.We use F to construct an algorithm Drunning in time t ' which solves the DDH problem with probability e ' .


If security against non-adaptive attacks is suf.cient in some scenarios, then one round in EK (·) could be reduced.

eurocrypt 92, LNCS 658, pages 239 255, Springer-Verlag, 1992.


These are32bitidenti.erswhere each set bitreferstoanallowdecisionforaspeci.coperationrequest.

this functionality is veri.ed by viewing the kernel log messages.


It should also be possible to populate the system and to create musical passwords in other ways so as to enhance these properties.

http://course1.winona.edu/cschmidt/MS298/Why Do Humans Value Music.pdf [44] K Renaud.


In SP 02: Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, page 273, Washington, DC, USA, 2002.

an analysis using our method can be customized to re.ect the attack behavior of di.erent types of adversaries with di.erent attack objectives, attack preferences, resource levels, attack skill levels, system access, and system knowledge.


For example, in a healthcare setting a doctor may have the permission to prescribe certain medications.

there are mutually exclusive roles and teams, e.g.


It takes much longer for a boundary node to detect jamming since the sensor networks in general will be experiencing a lot of topological changes and therefore neighbor probing must allow for the possibility of such temporarily changes before declaring a neighbor as bing missing (or jammed).

the network scenarios and parameters considered in all simulation experiments are identical when evaluating the di.erent protocols.


The design will include appropriate data structures for the exchange of information among the various analysis stages, and it will allow for each of the identified processes to operate in an appropriate subset of three modes: manual, partially automatic, and fully automatic.

for example, port scans and the use of unusual ports are immediately apparent at this stage.


these heterogeneous and dynamic sensor-rich environments characterized by frequent and unpredictable changes on user s, resource s, and environment situations, call for access control solutions that allow dynamically adjust access permissions based on information describing the conditions of these entities (context), such as location and time.


Mathematically, this is written as max,(1 -P1(6)) subject to Po(~) _< ak.

[4] G.Langelaar, R. Lagendijk, and J. Biemond.


Up until now, trusted systems have at best been a small niche market.


As mentioned in the previous paragraph, all attacks that compromise our system s TCB are out of scope.

we show how to leverage ARM Trust-Zone to provide a lightweight trusted sensor stack with a small trusted computing base (TCB).


One caveat, however, is that it would be impossible to manually determine that two ad requests are part of a reselling chain if there is no referrer, body URL, or redirection to indicate that an impression was resold, without reverse engineering ad library logic.

given the prevalence of NAT in our network and that we run no more than 70 apps concurrently, we believe that this is unlikely.


The binary search takes time logarithmic in getLength.

our supposition was wrong, and such an adversary Adv does not exist.


Hence, it is the responsibility of the application to encrypt system call parameters before making a system call if they need privacy protection.

the .gure shows that in the worst case (at the smallest 2%granularity), ReadBench, WriteBench, and CopyBench in-0%cur execution time overheads of 35%, 19%, and 15%, which are signi.cant but relatively low considering that there is astarbzipgcclbm AVG18 no computation performed other than those of the system (a)calls and page copying.


In our future work, we intend to propose a new usage control model that will incorporate all the aforementioned capabilities in order to support the access control needs of modern computing and communication paradigms.

attribute mutability in UCON may also introduce di.culties into the policy administrator tasks.


The Authorization phase Auth will simply consist of the central authority signing S, and the user s check phase Check-Auth will consist of checking this signature.

with overwhelming probability C * is not a valid encryption of the underlying message and C is not valid.


Hide runs in its own processes, and all .ne-grained permission checking is done within these processes.

hide permissions can do the same but additionally employ Re.neDroid to .rst identify the required .ne-grained permissions.


Hence, many cloud computing platforms use virtualization to encapsulate services inside virtual machines (VMs), including Amazon EC2 [1] and Microsoft Azure [2].This approach allows CIP to better utilize resources, while still providing adequate isolation.The adoption of virtualization also enables other bene.ts including the ease of service deployment and the .exibility of VM migration to provide fault tolerance and improved consolidation.

goodput of service QoS attribute Float Service speci.c QoS metric.This can be used in lieu of specifying low level resource allocation, such as CPU share, RAM size, storage capacity, and network bandwidth [wood 2008, choi 2008].


an empirical study [2] measuring the impact of browser antiphishing techniques on attack success rates shows that overall EV does not provide a significant advantage in detecting phishing attacks.


smartphones and PDAs) as interfaces to access services and applications: the dynamic authentication of users and the environmental restrictions of mobile devices.

mobile Business, International Conference on, 0:137 143, 2005.


In this paper we focus on proving safety properties, which models properties that fail in .nite time (availability is not a safety speci.cation, typically).

dispatching a system call to ExpressOS services.


If these conditions hold, we introduce placeholders in the loop body.

there is an emerging consensus in the software industry that using PREPARE statements, a facility provided by many database platforms, to construct SQL queries constitutes a robust defense against SQL injections.


Though more network-than host-based, worthy of note are Autograph [12] and Polygraph [18], signature-generation systems for novel and polymorphic worms, respectively.

to mitigate Of course, the more peers in a network, the more likely we this threat, we could consider order but allow for transposi-are to discover correlations, even in the face of randomness.


However, new governmental regulations (e.g., Sarbanes-Oxley [22]) assume data encryption for publicly-traded companies, health and government organizations.

we describe secure deletion myths in Section 2 and related issues in Section 3.


On the contrary, automated attacks such as worms, ignoring sophisticated ones that have information from prior reconnaissance, try to make connections indiscriminately.

we notice that the number of infections before worm-detection increases with decreasing quality of end-node detectors.


All overhead results are relative to a UML guest on ReVirt running the same workload without predicates or the predicate engine.

we would prefer a solution that needs no extra or custom hardware.


In addition, to establish the identity of genuine with high trust, the biometric matching need to produce a large number of mutual information between two biometrics to indicate that the two actual biometrics are from a same individual.

treating the iris template as a single message and using single decoding function will give too high error tolerance for example, BCH (8191,1470,822) gives 56% error tolerance, or too low for example BCH (4095,1460,297) gives 20% error tolerance.


The delivery service delivers the goods to the client.

such a course will help students understand and apply principles of security, contribute to solve security problems both independently and in a team, express their ideas clearly and continue life-long learning.


A 128 bit key with key error probability < 10-6 is derived from an SRAM PUF with average bit error probability 15%.

many u have similar probabilities which results in a high entropy.


By mandating (in the collection) the matching of the command parameter in the request to the invoked function set, this threat is eliminated.

in this manner, every local and remote party has the possibility of ensuring the integrity and con.dentiality of their own data on the mobile device.


Our approach is also closely related to techniques for static vulnerability analysis (e.g., [1, 19, 33, 35]).


Rcosf < r. the condition is that a perpendicular line from the E1 to E2 not going outside the line r, and f not exceeding 90°.

in this method, coordinates of the occluders are extracted from feature points of a character.


CryptoLint [11] is another static analysis tool for Android applications that catches common cryptographic errors: hard-coded seeds, keys, and IVs, using AES in ECB mode, and using too few iterations for password-based encryption.

workshop on Real-World Cryptography, Jan. 2013. https://www.imperialviolet.org/ 2013/01/13/rwc03.html.


A requester/verifier can download the latest valid version of the CRL from a server and can use the CRL offline to check the validity status of a certificate.


In order to prevent re-routing attacks we have to detect those attacks .rst and then to deny authentication for that node.

on the physical layer the entire spectrum could be forwarded.


Since a forensic examiner performs the analysis on the system that was attacked or is being attacked, he can easily obtain information by executing applications that use APIs provided by the operating system being analyzed.


As long as the name of the file is unknown to the intruder, in spite of his gaining the super user privileges, he cannot access the file.

we make the LOG file invisible to the user.


[11] C. Ozturk, Y. Zhang, and W. Trappe.

we only compare the greedy and probabilistic algorithms here.


The malware programs might simply decide to stay dormant in this case, which undermines the malware detection capability.

if the raw behaviors in a RBP are carefully selected, the FPR of the RBP-based detection will be as low as that of the detection based on the featured behaviors.


The purpose of these infrastructures is to provide acceptable assurance to the participants that the business transactions facilitated by UDDI are what they appear to be.

the trust parameters of the service must be made available to all interested participants prior to service invocation, and trust must be assured during service execution.


To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.

in that study 69.73% of the sample used a randomized allocation scheme and 7.72% used the EUI-64 scheme.


It was originally proposed to represent complex attacks, and the authors envisaged to apply it to correlate intrusion alerts.

third, we perform a series of experiments to validate our method using 2000 DARPA intrusion detection scenario speci.c datasets [10].


Although their protocol supports aggregation primitives such as min, max, median, and count-elements, it also requires several rounds of communication between the aggregator and the veri.er.

in ACM Sigmobile Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2004.


[25] Walsh, K., and Sirer, E. G. Experience with an object reputation system for peer-to-peer .lesharing.

in a web of nodes with high connectivity and mutual-attestation frequency, corrupted nodes can be identi.ed e.ectively.


The idea is to put necessary mechanisms on the helper node, which then conveys the authentication information to the secondary users.

in our analysis, we assume that MD5 is used, i.e., each tag has 128 bits.


It not only allows the overriding of its basic functionality, including compilation, execution, and error handling, but also allows developers to add new functionalities through a set of well-de.ned hooks [16].

the not-fully-trusted client-side extensions will be limited to access the less sensitive server-side programs,  (a) A Page in Collabtive (b) Alert Extension (c) FindMe Extension (d) AddEvent Extension Figure 7: Collabtive and Its Client-Side Extensions such as displaying and viewing functions.


This is useful to recognize the con.ict between the provided network services and the attack.

3.2 Visualization Figure 1 shows a snapshot of SnortView.


This motivates us to investigate sybil defense based schemes [20, 4, 18] to detect spam, given such studies have not been conducted before.

the sharing intensity of a host is de.ned as the number of users that ever posted link(s) pointing to the host, which captures the intensity of advertising activities of aspam host.


The added instructions are executed by custom hardware, which is tightly integrated into the processor execution pipeline.

in this paper, we focus on the requirements imposed by security protocols on system architectures for wireless handsets.


Similarly, resources often incur asymmetric costs when they are in limited supply for a defender or attacker.

3.4 CASTLES WITHIN CASTLES Traditionally, most castle defenses have been focused at the perimeter.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is very grateful to Leonid Levin and Drue Coles for useful discussions.

the monotone signatures were de.ned by Naccache, Pointcheval and Tymen in [26].


3. the randomizer computes e~ = e~ -/~j mod N and u~ I = v~ajse~t rood fla.

3.3.2 Proof that an encrypted message lies in a given set of messages.


[8] S. Delaune, S. Kremer, and G. Steel.

the rule can be .red if all terms in T are in the intruder knowledge and if all the facts in L hold in the current state.


in unknown situations or for unknown trustees when there is no information available.

in Proceedings of the Trust, Security, and Reputation on the Semantic Web workshop, held in conjunction with the 3rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2004), Hiroshima, Japan, volume 127, 2004.


When a correct userid-password pair is received, processing is handed over to the transaction center and a legitimate session is established.

special care must be taken to sanitize data to avoid exposure of sensitive data (see e.g., [30, 5]).


A well-known approach is identifying individual devices by using a public key infrastructure.

after the partitioning, a new MKB is constructed and the tracing continues with the new partitioning.


Password leakage is a classic problem in password-based authentication.

it is necessary to rely on certain protected environment to achieve this security objective.


The ScramblePad suffers from the disadvantage that terminals must be retro.tted with it whereas our solution merely requires a software patch and may even coexist with the current procedure.

otherwise, our model corresponds closely to what is typically found in the ATM world.


Often, certain out-of-the-box security mechanisms are applied at the cost of ensuring timeliness while arguing that security is improved [23, 29].

the table then reports the WCET in cycles for the return sequence as reported by timing analysis (WCET in column 3) and the number of slack cycles that would remain undetected (sensitivity in column 4), both without considering caches, while the next two columns show the corresponding results for a 4KB instruction cache.


User u Attribute Authority .1 .R Zq, 2PC x := (ß + u).1,t .R Zq .--------.

interaction with our simulator is indistinguishable from interaction with an honest user.


the difficulty of selecting an access control mechanism is compounded by the fact that historically, nearly all operating systems have incorporated only one access control mechanism, with only a small number of specialty operating systems having a second access control feature.


INTRODUCTION Wireless networks such as Wi-Fi and Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) give users convenience and .exibility by allowing users to be connected to the network whenever and wherever they desire.

4.2 Cryptographic Hash Functions H1 ,H2 The cryptographic hash function Hi : {0, 1} * .


We specially use this case in our experiments in Section 4 to compare the differences of our two schemes of profile similarity.

even if a victim s public information is little, it cannot prevent an adversary from implementing ICAs.


Besides the problems discussed above, all credit-based schemes are based on the assumption that each node moves inside the network and thus has the opportunity to be selected as relaying node.

if N1 does not hear the retransmission of the acknowledged packet sent by N4 before the timeout expires, it will conclude that N2 has dropped it and it will update only the number of packets transmitted to N2.


Alice s doctors could disclose her personal information in a fashion that violates her privacy policy, as pointed out by a reviewer of this paper).

the web service applications for the approach proposed in this work are many, including B2C e-commerce (data observers are service providers, data sharers are service consumers), B2B ecommerce (data observers can also be data sharers), and ecollaboration (every user is both a data sharer and a data observer).


Those false positives that have really shown a benign behavior often contained features similar to malicious features, e.g.

it is open how these methods can really operate autonomously and update detection models without manual intervention.


Many defense techniques [13, 32, 14, 12] have been developed to protect return addresses.

a previously infected sensor may broadcast the mal-packet again,becauseit maybere-infected whenits neighboring nodes broadcast the mal-packet.


Unlike in the common Java world, Android app does not have a unique program entry such as main().

anzhuoduanxin [3] is an SMS management app that provides a set of SMS-related functions such as creating new messages or forwarding a cached message to another user.


White Paper, 1996. www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hal/Papers/privacy.html [39] What is Fair Trade Coffee All About.

as an explicitly half-baked idea, obviously there are a number of questions and issues regarding the structure and feasibility of this proposal.


As a proof-of-concept example of the accuracy advantages that can be provided by adaptive thresholding, Fig.

most of these studies do not cater for the Table 3: Endpoint Attack Tra.c for Two High-and Two Low-rate Worms   Malware Avg.


We introduce several novel applications of this side channel: robust co-residence detection (agnostic to network con.guration), surreptitious detection of the rate of web tra.c a co-resident site receives, and even timing keystrokes by an honest user (via SSH) of a co-resident instance.

dETERMINING CO-RESIDENCE Given a set of targets, the EC2 map from the previous section educates choice of instance launch parameters for attempting to achieve placement on the same physical machine.


This phenomenon appears directly related to network saturation, as additional copies of Slammer sharing the same access link are unable to contribute to the worm s aggregate scanning rate.

we have shown that we cannot assume a homogeneous distribution of infectible machines, and we cannot treat the access links as identical.


Short-term Forecasting of Behavior Vectors Since behavior vectors of clients change frequently in most messaging networks, logs collected at different time intervals may indicate different behavioral patterns.

the second component of a behavior vector is calculated by analyzing messages exchanged among the clients, and therefore, it is a temporal feature.


In EuroSys 06: 1st European Conference on Computer Systems, 2006.


In the second round of communication, whoever speaks will (i) send the secret if she owns it and (ii) send a random bit otherwise.

let µ be a distribution and let (µt)t.R be a line in a plr1-allowed plane through µ (let us say we get µ at t = 0).


The features (a)-(d) together reduce the number of decisions a user needs to make; they also make the safe option the least-resistant path, and the unsafe option requires the user s active attention and a moderate amount of extra work.

this decision is not related to any speci.c program or resource, and is only related to the user s purpose of using the computer.


more blocks increase the total CRC This material is supported in part by USARO award W911-NF-0710287, NSF award CNS 06-26825 and NSF award CNS-0953600 overhead paid by the sender and thus reduce the net data bytesinsidethepacket.


If the stack is pushed, a new element is generated with the old secure side reference value constituting the link value, and the new element s unique counter value, taken from the updated SRR counter, will be put as the SRR s reference value.

the protection against slice re-ordering attacks demands tight state-control.


In fact, a recent thorough analysis [21] on 25 Linux rootkits indicates that 24 (96%)ofthemmake control-.ow modi.cations.

in NDSS 08: Proceedings of the 16th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, 2008.


Furthermore, in most cases, our system s overhead for compute-bound applications is essentially zero even when the application does contain vulnerabilities.

furthermore, most hardwarebased systems only defend against memory and control .ow errors.


college, or grad school Friend of a friend .


J. Intercultural Information Management, 1(1), 2007.

[21] Lieven Desmet, Wouter Joosen, Fabio Massacci, Katsiaryna Naliuka, Pieter Philippaerts, Frank Piessens, and Dries Vanoverberghe.


Since a Class A network contains 1/256th of all possible IP addresses, we expect that most noise sources will probe at least one address within this network during their lifetime, but to be conservative, we doubled this value to 1,000,000 noise sources observed over a 24 hour period.

signature-based systems (such as Earlybird [19] and Autograph [12]) borrow local scanning techniques to identify suspicious tra.c, but they then sift through the payload of this tra.c to identify commonly reoccurring signatures.


The Cipher Value contains the actual encrypted data.

in web  services we may want to encrypt specific elements of a message.


We observed our damage assessment successfully identi.ed all the damaged memory cells shown as shadowed regions in Figure 7.

the checkpoint taken before that point is the most recently healthy checkpoint of that process.


studying the organisation from a subcultural perspective will yield a set of norms held by management, subcultures, as well as individuals.


A previous study showed that native libraries are found in less than 10% of the total applications inspected [6].

we identi.ed 200 native libraries in total, showing an average of 4 native libraries per application.


HTHs have a huge impact on and pose a signi.cant threat to the IC industry.

we use equation (3) to calculate the switching power (i.e.


A state content label contains several fields: a state discriminator, the list of characters for which a labeled transition is defined, and an identifier for the default transition state.

there has been a considerable amount of recent work on implementing regular expressions for use in high-speed networking applications, particularly with representations based on deterministic finite automata (DFA).


Cryptographic solution to a problem of access control in a hierarchy.

we found an e.ciency issue in Wang et al.


That is, on average a resident of London is likely to have friendships spanning a wider spectrum of communities rather than a resident of Swansea4, due to the substantial mixture of ethnic groups living in London.

it finds the edge lam$ that matches with the remaining characters of the surname (i.e., lam$) and hence returns the surname.


Here, a d-lattice is a labelled, unweighted, simple graph that is similar to a Euclidean cubic lattice of dimension d in that any vertex v is joined to its lattice neighbors, u~ and wi, as specified by ui = [(v - i d') + n](mod n); w~ = (v + ia')(mod n) where 1  2d.

in our model, we use a different substrate.


This criteria ensures that the commit operation is atomic and equivalent to an object being accessed and modi.ed at commit time [30].

next, we describe our implementation of these components.


This correlation was statistically signi.cant (f = -0.589, p < 0.007).

6.4 Limitations Like all human subjects experiments, our participants were limited to those willing to participate.


It is loaded into every Android app, and thus accessible to all the running apps.


8, the victim is equivalent to a capacitance connected to the ground : A Ca Ra Cva Cv The effect of the victim on the aggressor can be seen as an additional delay during the transition of this one.

modeling Crosstalk Noise for Deep Submicron Verification Tools Pirouz Bazargan Sabet § Fabrice Ilponse § § LIP6 University of Paris 6 ST-Microelectronics 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France 850 Rue Jean Monnet 38926 Crolles France Pirouz.Bazargan-Sabet@lip6.fr Fabrice.Ilponse@lip6.fr Abstract1 In deep submicron technologies, the verification task has to cover some new issues to certify the correctness of a design.


actions (e.g., creating Internet sockets, accessing sensitive information stored on external storage).


CPU registers of a thread are assumed not writable directly by the attacker thread.

jIT spraying attacks inject malicious instruction sequences in seemingly benign JITted code and jump to the malicious code by hijacking the control-.ow.


2.3 Some Technicalities The employed commitment schemes allow only integer values to be involved.

com d (aopb) =cmod d We denote a run of this protocol as POK((Ca,Cb,Cc,Cd); (a, b,c,d),skcom :(aopb) =c mod d), where op is either +, *, exp and refer to [9] for the details of these protocols.


PREVIOUS WORK Existing literature contains a number of di.ering propos als for performing implicit authentication on smartphones [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16].These proposed IA schemes use sensors on the device to pro.le behavioural features including touchscreen input, typing input, accelerometer readings, GPS positioning, call and text logs histories, and device application contexts.

research into ordinary lock screens is consistently .nding that simple password protection schemes impose signi.cant usability issues upon their users [1, 10], and in the smartphone domain these issues result in more than half of users choosing to forego any sort of PIN or passlock on their phones whatsoever [13].


In order to reduce the overhead of key management, an alternative is to use a public key cryptosystem.


This meaning is used to de.ne an access-control reasoner capable to analyze architectural changes to drive the adaptation when required.

[11] B. Morin, T. Mouelhi, F. Fleurey, Y.


ARMlock leverages the structure of position-independent shared libraries to seamlessly integrate those stubs into a domain.

calls to external functions will be conveniently replaced by inter-module calls.


7 The Hasse diagram of a lattice is the graph of the re.exive, transitive reduction of the partial order relation [5].

each SDP contains a copy of the security lattice.


The most anticipated error is improper setting of page table entry.

all modi.cations are made to the memory region where the location is in the view of the external monitor.


trans-organizational roles are valid roles within and across di.erent RBAC systems.


by isolated, we mean that a process acting for one user cannot gain inappropriate access to other users data.


In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual PKI Research and Development Workshop, 2004.

if thereis only a single administratorin charge ofpolicy,the questionofwhich usertocontactbecomestrivial.


This countermeasure is very e.ective and by far the most secure.

cryptanalysis of Microsoft s PPTP Authentication Extensions.


This first ring continues to show the color of the person who has most recently interacted with the file.

so, one user s activity initially activates the fist ring bordering the file dot icon, but subsequently ripples towards the outside before disappearing altogether.


As wellas object-users, subject-users can alsobegrouped, asthere may besomegenericclassesof users(likerepresentatives of the law, security professionals, regular employees,...), withdefaultpro.les anddi.erentprivileges.

given this de.nition of processing of personal data , it is straightforward to see that videosurveillance systems are one of the many scenarios covered by the broad scope of this directive.


if there is any change in the access rights due to the updated d, then Alice will generate the new tokens corresponding to those changes and send them to the cloud for an update in Td .


The click graph C may contain a node Rj = (null, null, qrj) (or more than one) related to a request qrj that may have been issued directly, without clicking on a page element.

unfortunately, the modern web is becoming increasingly complex, serving highly dynamic pages that make heavy use of scripting languages, a variety of browser plugins, and asynchronous content requests.


From an end user s perspective, controllers must act to ensure certain levels of end-to-end trust across the entire set of services (and their machines) used by a distributed application.

next, the data protection policy is mapped into ProtectIT instances created for each of the channels.


In addition, the high values of Dominant Family Rate and Average Hit in Table 3 also demonstrate the effectiveness of SMIT in helping human analysts identify the malware family of incoming samples.

increasing N inevitably increases computational overhead because more second-level OVPT trees are searched.


Analysis of an equal-cost multi-path algorithm.

one cannot use well-known polynomial-time mincut algorithms of graph theory [53] for our purpose.


However, their trapdoor encryption scheme is vulnerable to inference attacks.

it is less e.cient and does not support arbitrary updates with new words.


Although these tools allow end-user configuration, after this configuration step they essentially become fully automated.

), Human factors in hazardous situations (pp.


For this reason, we can eliminate any conditionallogic that reduces to a constantboolean value.

our approach must be general enough to handle any suchimplementation.


According to RFC 6434, IPsec should be supported by all IPv6 nodes [8].

[16] W. A. S. Thomas Narten, Erik Nordmark and H. Soliman.


An account can be deleted if it displays malicious behaviors against user terms, or if there are no activities for a long period of time.

in our study, we experimented with linear, radial basis function, and polynomial kernel functions.


Implementing OS in safe languages has several bene.ts, such as avoiding memory errors, and isolating control and data .ows in a .ner granularity [4, 11, 15, 17, 25].

a pre-condition (post-condition) speci.es certain assertions that have to hold before (after) executing a function.


It is expected that users do not choose patterns uniformly, and we will quantify this in the remainder of this work.


We also .nd that iTrustPage resorts to its user-assisted validation scheme on 32.6% of the pages that users type into; the remaining pages are validated by iTrustPage s whitelist and cache.

it is easier for people to interpret and understand human readable content.


Several different kinds of mandatory access controls might be integrated into an operating system.


2We address two formally di.erent operations with the sameoperator in favor for intuitive notation, as proposed in [8].This may appear mathematically inconsistent, however, itis formally feasible, as we prove in [2, Chapter 5].

we use disjoint object sets G.i = {i}×Gi and have, therefore, also to adapt the incidence relations Ii before the union: (G1,M1,I1) · (G2,M2,I2)=( G.1 .


The encrypted bit-stream is inserted in the LSBs of the original block.

it is important to achieve graceful degradation in the presence of node compromise or benign node failure [4].


mappings between the landmark nodes; using a goodness-of-.t test on the thus derived mappings we select the most likely mapping between the nodes in the contact graph and the social network.

we note that this approach is more effective in lowering the ef.cacy of our algorithm than adding IID location noise to user mobility traces.


With clickbased graphical passwords, a password consists of user-selected click-points on the images presented.

in our study, click-based graphical passwords were signi.cantly less susceptible to multiple password interference in the short-term, while having comparable usability to text passwords in most other respects.


Since there is no policies for the records, the database only signs a part of the ciphertext c1 that is related to the index of the record.


His research interests include public key cryptography; cryptographic protocols, in particular those supporting privacy and anonymity; practical secure distributed computation; and privacy-enhancing technologies.

if the result is to be practical, special cryptographic primitives and proof protocols are needed.


1 builds a CDG from the authorization scheme of a model.

due to its semi-decidable nature, our algorithm im 2Where a subclass for a concrete heuristic algorithm may hold its individual state, such as the CDG described in section 3.1. plementation has to decide when to terminate without result based on a certain criterion.


s society-oriented DCS scheme [18], which is a new concept for sharing the signer and con.rmer s capability among two groups of individuals respectively, constructed from two threshold cryptosystems [10] and [16].

there is a signing combiner whose task is to choose and encrypt some random values, compute the commitments, and collect all partial results during the signing phase.


Since we are interested in the actual access type, we track all of the operations on a resource, and only when the resource is released (on NtClose), we compute the access type as a union of all operations at all on the resource.

they build models based on speci.c behaviors of individual applications.


The Gmail Inbox page contains 171.1 KB code (including HTML, CSS, JS), while only 1.7 KB of it needs to access email content.

the results show that the CRY P TO N -KER N E L strengthens their security against a broad range of client-side vulnerabilities, with a small (around 3-5 days of) adoption effort.


[17] show that malware is frequently repacked to avoid detection by static analysis environments.

our Isohunt.com crawler collected and retrieved torrent .les for downloads with a size of at most 10MB and with at least 5 seeders.


These agents may be replicated in order to provide scalability.

there is a lack of works focusing on security issues during the extraction, manipulation and disclosure of those informations.


This type of structuring helps to localize role-target relationships in small manageable sets that are easier to understand, interpret and modify.

each organizational unit has a set of generic responses, as discussed above, which may be the targets of permission for roles functioning with in the scope of the unit.


The weak properties are investigated on the cracked passwords, whereas the strong properties are understood via examining the passwords not cracked at all.

yan suggests a rule for proactive checkers to reject any password if it is within the set of those low entropy ranges.


Once authenticated, each user gets a unique key to decrypt the encrypted .le downloaded from the cloud server to his/her mobile devices.


Using a FSS-enabled CA, certi.cates are signed using the (possibly one-time) private key, and only released after the private key is updated.

[16] Y. Dodis, J. Katz, S. Xu, and M. Yung.


the use ofVISsdoes notprecludedevicesfrom operating in this adhoc manner when necessary.


A TPM hash chain is an integrity measurement for an individual machine and represents a sequence of files loaded into the system.

in order to create a trusted application one must also create a notion of a trusted environment.


We use the max.ow-mincut theorem [15] stating that given a directed graph G with source s, sink t, and capacities cuv on the edges (u, v) .

these two accesses can be unrolled into an O(n)-sized circuit and therefore the circuit s asymptotic size is not affected.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrusion_detection [28] D. Whyte, P. Oorschot, E. Kranakis.

for example, a malicious kernel driver is more powerful and capable of evading detection than a malicious usermode application.


IDSs typically use thresholdbased approaches in detection of scan attacks.

in Bro which is a network IDS, it is defined based on the number of failed connection requests [12].


We partly address this issue by putting newcomers in a unfavorable position, such that they have di.culties obtaining helpful recommendations, until they accumulate enough good behavior.

a recommendation that deviates from the majority is considered a lie.


This data may include anything from financial spreadsheets, student information as well as alumni and donor information.

but, what about other types of confidential data that do not fall into these categories?


The obstacle comes from the setting that in CP-ABE the decryption privilege of a user is determined by his attributes rather than by his index as in broadcast encryption.


In Nymbler and Nymble, the NM has to compute a series of linking tokens for each blacklisted nymble, in addition to issuing nymbles.

an alternative approach is let the CM issue only one CL-credential to any IP address, similar to the treatment in Nymbler [20].


Using Facebook allowed us to leverage the familiarity of users with its app.


The host passes an unforgeable token [11] to the kernel and only then the sandbox can issue a memory copy command.

first, the attacker may try to call a dangerous function in the host (e.g., system() in libc) or pass malicious parameters to an exported function.


Security typically means that under some given assumptions about the system in consideration, no attack of certain forms will be able to destroy the specified properties of the system.

understanding a penetrator and the knowledge of different attack strategies that a penetrator can apply are among the most important issues that affect the design of security protocols.


Data contained within a WebID pro.le describes attributes of the identity owner in a machine-readable way through FOAF.

for creating a CA-signed certi.cate it is su.cient to provide a valid challenge to the CA.


In table 4, P (DA,si) is the largest value in the ratio that occupies it in the attack string, so it seems to be most effective character for the attack detection.

figure 1: Relation between the weight ß of normal strings (against attack strings) and the weighted average µ (of normal and attack) detecting rates with two thresholds (Weighted ratio 1:5, Set of character : S5)  3.3 Discussions In Figure 4, the value of µ is around 0.92 with almost all interval of 0 = ß = 1.


An evaluation involving all signi.cant x86-32 Linux security patches from May 2005 to May 2008 .nds that most security patches 56 of 64 require no new code to be performed as a Ksplice update.

the vanilla kernels were only introduced into the evaluation in order to test patches that are not applicable to any released Debian kernel.


What distinguishes a phishing site from most other sites is that the phisher requires victims to type a password.

we explain the scheme in detail, analyze its performance, and examine a number of anticipated attacks.


This makes them comparatively easy to parse: there are no explicit compiler directives such as #ifdef that would need to be handled.

cIDE forbids so-called undisciplined annotations, i.e., forbids users from marking code regions that do not span entire nodes in the abstract syntax tree.


In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & Communications Security (2013), CCS 13, ACM, pp.

modern JIT engines implement mechanisms to interrupt JITted code execution (e.g., V8 inserts extra code to each function s prologue and each loop to interrupt the execution to support optimization and deoptimization).


The proposed scheme is not blind, in the sense that the original signal is needed by the mark reconstruction process.

[6] J. Domingo-Ferrer and J. Herrera-Joancomart´i.


Support for the Witty Worm dataset and the UCSD Network Telescope are provided by Cisco Systems, Limelight Networks, DHS, NSF, CAIDA, DARPA, Digital Envoy, and CAIDA Members.

as the number of scanners increases, the time to infect a new host decreases and in doing so increases the likelihood of detecting more than one infected host within Td.


[5], given a possibilistic knowledge base F, there always exists a highest possibility distribution, noted pF, that satis.es F and being the highest possibility distribution means it is the least speci.c one.

given a log transformation t, and a logging protocol model g LP , we have: g g Val(.t,LP )= min Val(pti,LP ) i.


[19] Y.-C. Hu, D. B. Johnson, and A. Perrig, SEAD: Secure E.cient Distance Vector Routing for Mobile Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pp.

in the simulations, those compromised nodes drop all the relaying packets.


5.2 Security Analysis The .nding in previous work [12] was that click-points in PCCP is nearly indistinguishable from those of a randomly generated simulation dataset, thanks to the persuasion through the use of viewport.

adoption of alternatives to text passwords has been slow due to cost and usability factors.


The adver- sary wins the game if b = b'.

the public key M is only used to encrypt a message key k which is then used to encrypt P. Open.


With a total turnaround time of about 5 seconds between GPRS Attach commands (3 second response time + 2 second command interval), GPRS Attach has a output rate of roughly 0.2 commands per second.

targets including DNS roots [18, 45], software vendors [24, 27], news services [47], search engines [44] and online casinos [7] have all been overwhelmed by malicious traf.c.


Studying the results in table 2, we .nd that the storage and update of the t-degree polynomials explains most of the additional storage and communication overhead.

h(·)represents a hash function that is known to all nodes in the network and H(msg) is a hash result.


We propose to use probabilistic generative models for risk scoring schemes, and identify several such models, ranging from the simple Naive Bayes, to advanced hierarchical mixture models.

[18] V. Metsis, I. Androutsopoulos, and G. Paliouras.


As a result, it is not possible to di.erentiate between the two traces.

we train our system on one set of processes and test it on another set that does not contain any process from the training set.


Then, for each movie, the operator can manage the attack by picking which variation the attackers should pirate, amongst the variations the attackers know.

the algorithm is based on the Set Cover Problem, which is known to be NP hard.


[3] LBNL/ICSI Enterprise Tracing Project, http://www.icir.org/enterprise-tracing/index.html .

its use of dynamic memory allocation causes poor cache performance.


Thus, when an application is downloaded, it is imperative that the application fall under the administration of these stakeholders.

traditional access controlislimited to a closed system with a server-side reference monitor where all the users are known.


Each point is obtained as the mean of the results of 507 simulations executed for each speci.c protocol and a .xed ..

the simple idea we start from is to dedicate: (i) part of the node s memory slot to be managed according to the Booking protocol; (ii) the remaining portion of the node s memory to managed according to the Adaptive protocol.


The goal is to modify the workload of a victim VM in a way that frees up resources for the attacker s VM.


2.3 Message Flows within the Liberty ID-FFLEC Pro.le and the CardSpace Framework Before describing the proposed integration model, we brie.y describe the message .ows within both the Liberty ID-FF LEC pro.le and the CardSpace framework.

convert the formats of four types of message.


Analyzing inter-application communication in Android.

in our attack, the adversary uses the 3 URL arguments collected from his own device to build a URL: db-://1/connect?oauth_token &oauth_token_ secret & uid , where oauth_token , oauth_token _secret , and uid are the adversary s Dropbox credentials, and APP_ID identifies the PlainText app.


On the other hand, for Bagle.k and Bagle.n uniform crossover with rank selection has provided the best .tness.

therefore, date, application and port number constitute the .rst three members of the chromosome representation (see Table 1).


Copy and paste is undesirable because it provides a channel through which bits of sensitive files can be leaked.

the cached rights policies can be updated regularly by polling the server at a configurable time interval.


The algorithm scans the input for the presence of a Proof element.

clients can now verify the authenticity of data using standard cryptographic APIs, without regard to how the data was distributed.


"Bradford Campus Manager s NAC OS (Network Access Control Operating System)."

the centralization had to be abandoned on the student machines in favor of configuring their machines via a registry patch.


Advances in Cryptology, Crypto '90, Springer-Verlag, 1991.

the measured tinfings are good approximations for the sieve procedures overhead.


To increase their view of these threats, researchers and network operators are instrumenting unused address space.

policies applied at a router/appliance between the traf.c source and the sensor can affect the visibility of the traf.c at the sensor.


For example, consider two AJAX lists with 10 elements each; if the user s selections on these lists are independent from each other, we can evaluate them separately, which reruns the widget 20 times; on the other hand, if the selections are correlated, then we have to perform the test for 100 times.

her action here, i.e., choiceofthebuttons,is con.dential.no singlevariable and function inside the program actually hosts this piece of sensitive information: it is just described by different execution paths being triggered.


Contemporary movies, books, recent events in the news, and high school culture as a whole have all helped in producing an interest in and enthusiasm for information security topics among high school students.

in addition, when asked for any other general comments and suggestions about the Cyber Cave camp as a whole, 23% of responses indicated that students wished to learn more about security topics in general.


It is clear that users in di.erent countries and user classes may exhibit di.erent distributions.

in addition, the simulation provides measures for the accuracy of our estimates.


.t .x We now assume that the adversary can in.uence withdrawal of water through one or more of the Ji o.takes located along the length of each canal pool i.


TW is represented as a time interval [t0, t1] (t1 = t0) that captures a large fraction of dynamic power for a test vector pair, and satis.es min t1 - t0 t1 (5) s.t.IDDT (t)dt = .VDD CL,t t0 where CL,t is the overall capacitance of Gi,j and Gi ,j ; .

existing design solutions based on aging sensors require additional design/veri.cation e.orts and cannot be applied to legacy chips.


The resolution of this system requires the calculation of the n roots of an n-degree equation.

fig 4: Simplified flow chart The input is an extracted layout that includes parasitic capacitances.


To avoid consistency checking, Desc is defined as a relative expression with respect to Anc.

for patients giving their consent, RA3 precludes the inference between the identification information (Name, Address) and the rest of the folder.


States that are at the roots of their default transition trees have content labels for every symbol in the alphabet, so we can use simple indexing to find the appropriate label in this case.

oPTIMIZING CONTENT LABELS In this section, we present optimizations to compactly encode CD2FA content labels.


Nevertheless, Barrier can be still easily portable to the commodity hypervisors.

secondly, the hypervisor itself should be easy to install and use.


[16] D. Ficara, S. Giordano, G. Procissi, F. Vitucci, G. Antichi, and A.

we believe that LaFA is a highly competitive, scalable, and hardware-feasible solution to the RegEx detection problem.


With Eps at 0.60, the accuracy is 98.8% (we visually scanned all of the generated clusters).

we believe a promising solution is to improve the wisdom of crowds by combining manually verified blacklists with computational techniques, to keep false positives extremely low while also reducing the time to verify attacks.


Assume that party 1 is a common competitor of party 2, 3 and 4.

the parties in our new proposal are completely symmetric, ensuring that full-privacy is realized.


Government agencies and international working parties tend to have formal procedures they have to follow before they can send representatives to meetings or offer official comments.

while P3P was focused on negotiating agreements about web site privacy practices, if was often suggested that P3P should also include mechanisms for transferring data according to these agreements.


ACM Workshop on Cloud Computing Security (CCSW), pages 95 100, 2011.

we think of the keys at the beginning of each pass as being in key-sorted order, in N2/3 groups of size N1/3 .


Informally, the KeyDerived, KeyConfirmed states should be interpreted as follows: (1) If Alice reaches the KeyDerived state, then she possesses a uniformly random candidate key, which remains private no matter how the adversary acts during the remainder of the protocol execution.

{0, 1}s}r.{0,1}n is a d-secure (one-time) message authentication code (MAC) if for any µ ' and s, s ' = µ , Pr[MACR(µ)= s | MACR(µ ' )= s ' ] = d where R is uniformly random on {0, 1}n .


The next step in determining the applicability of the lightsensor information regarding side-channel attacks is to test the sensitivity, i.e., whether operating the smartphone actually results in changes of the information provided by the sensor.

[29] J. Han, E. Owusu, L. T. Nguyen, A. Perrig, and J. Zhang.


An obligation model bridging access control policies and privacy policies.

we propose an access control language that combines the bene.ts of both XACML and RBAC while avoiding their drawbacks.


1 The rationale behind this assumption is two-folded: In reality, whether the requested information is relevant to a certain purpose is oftentimes independent of individual patients.

in this paper, we propose to enhance the consent management of medical information with analytical techniques.


Simply using the URL would mean that there is no way to change the salt for an account.

this is a complex issue: users do not want to have to remember their passwords, but they also don t want to trust someone else to remember their passwords!


[4] Moskovitch, R., Feher, C., Tzachar, N., Berger, E., Gitelman, M., Dolev, S., and Elovici, Y.

generalization of the detection methods was crucial in order to detect new versions and types of malware, before their execution.


The number of individuals that can be e.ectively discriminated by the biometric system depends on the capacity of information contains in the biometric.

as we need to work on block mode, we also need to investigate the bit error characteristics within blocks iris templates.


The second correlation curve (red) is almost the same prediction model as before, but this time for the second round, etc.

we assume that these bits store con.guration options, e.g., whether the bitstream is encrypted.


LWFS[23] also assumes a secure transport layer allowing it to ignore potential replay and eavesdropping of capabilities.

extended capabilities limit the number of capabilities needed by allowing a capability to authorize I/O for any number of client-.le pairs.


Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, 1998.

in the static approach the itinerary of an agent, which contains the servers and perhaps the order in which they are to be visited, is created at the home platform of the agent.


The .rst issue is determining the type of intelligence to be added to the data plane, i.e., what sort of statistics should we capture at the switch layer?

this is optional, because the data plane could also simply discard such options during TCP negotiation.


We developed a prototype system for Constroid.

we assume that a security aware user will decide not to use such applications.


The design purpose of Trinity is to examine the robustness of operating systems.

we will be able to implement an event reconstruction system based on process/resource dependency for incident virtualization and replay.


if the bank did not send a message .ag[A] .


Our version has the smallest ROM usage of all our empirically measured code sizes, 5160 bytes.

this comes at the cost of lack of .exibility, e.g., di.erent sized data blocks and di.culty of evolving to patch future security vulnerabilities.


Finally, while we have introduced new approaches to track information .ow in JavaScript, our work needs to be embedded into a security policy enforcement mechanism in a browser environment to increase the security of client-side JavaScript.

the widespread inclusion of third-party scripts into major websites in * This research was conducted at USU supported by NSF grant IIS0850825: REU Site Program in Computer Vision and Multi-Agent Systems.


)from S,then R checks whether Lk matches (Lk,Lkfault u X.

if Lk matches X then from Lemma 1, R worst case, S broadcasts u di.erent con.ict graph -fault identi.es all faulty Q(x,i) s received during Phase I and list pairs.


[7] R. S. Sandhu, V. Bhamidipati, and Q. Munawer, "The ARBAC97 model for role-based administration of roles", ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, Vol.

our current process still needs major manual interventions to make the discovered clusters plausible from a business perspective and adjust them properly.


For our example (x.com) this yields an ampli.cation of response size = 512 22.3. query size 23 3.3 Query types We selected a number of queries to perform for each domain.

rFC 1035 -Domain Names - Implementation and Speci.cation, 1987.


However, this scheme requires the delegatee to possess an additional secret for each delegation from Alice.

by * Note that by the construction given above, if let r a2 , we can see that the challenged ciphertext CT * has the same distribution as the real one, since H2 acts as a random oracle, and u))by * * uby * (a 22 r * A = g= (ga= g1 , * )by * * 2 * * bx * y ax 2 B = g = (g a= Pir * , **'* ' C = C .


vulnerability scores of di.erent vulnerabilities) of a software from the NVD, we must reference the software with the correct name.

one of the main research challenges in the TCG domain is a scalable and dynamic solution to interpret binary hashes for better remote platform assessment.


URI in the near future, IRI/IDN is not used widely at present, and 2.1, Feb. 22, 2006.

the matrix could be very complicated and large.


A similar procedure is proposed in [15].

our approach identi.ed as sets of users with the same job code.


Prof. Al-Shaer also served as a Workshop Chair and Program Co-chair for number of well-established conferences/workshops in his area.


was well hidden and probably just available in an intranet environment.

services Category Risk Ratings Services and their opened ports targeted by malicious hackers Web server services Low HTTP port(80/tcp, 8000/tcp, 8080/tcp,8888/tcp) Naming services Medium DNS (53/udp) to all machines which are not DNS servers DNS zone transfers (53/tcp) LDAP (389/tcp and 389/udp) Mail Medium SMTP (25/tcp) POP(109/tcp and 110/tcp), IMAP (143/tcp) Login Services High  Login services-telnet (23/tcp) FTP (21/tcp) NetBIOS (139/tcp) rlogin et al (512/tcp ~ 514/tcp) RPC and NFS High Portmap/rpcbind (111/tcp and 111/udp), NFS (2049/tcp cM 2049/udp) , lockd (4045/tcp and 4045/udp)  NetBIOS in Windows NT and XP High  135 (tcp and udp), 137 (udp), 138 (udp), 139 (tcp).


[2] R. Battiti, M. Brunato, R. Lo Cigno, A. Villani, G. Lazzari, and R. Flor.

it tries to maintain the Open Access nature of StockholmOpen while allowing less stringent policy coordination requirements; moreover, the initial authentication system, based on the captive portal approach, mimics and extends the NoCat architecture.


The mapping Business Administrator w.r.t.

it is usually the case that a missing value in an attribute referred in an access control policy results in the not applicable or not available evaluation for the policy.


4.4 SMC belief tracking: ideal world Now we present an alternative to the belief set method, in which the decision to participate or not, involving checking thresholds after belief revision, takes place within the SMC itself.

suppose that x1 was 8instead of 3, in which case answering the query with True would cause P2 s revised belief to ascribe probability 1/3to {x1 =8,out =True}, which exceeds the threshold t1 =1/5.


The information release policies that we consider can contain third-party assertions that themselves have release conditions that must be satis.ed; we show that our system functions correctly even when these dependencies form cycles.

reusing cj would not be indistinguishable from using a fresh element of the message space chosen uniformly at random.


In realworld scenarios, it is infeasible to impose any such restrictions on third-party code providers.

this e.ectively changes the architectural model of client-side script inclusion to server-side script inclusion.


It is urgent for current IdPs and RPs to adopt those protection mechanisms in order to prevent large-scale security breaches that could compromise millions of web users accounts on their websites.

acronyms: FB=Facebook; GL=Google, MS=Microsoft; Y=Yes; N=No; MU=Multiple Use; SU=Single Use; MD=Multiple Domain; WL=Whitelist; SD=Single Domain.


Furthermore, we will incorporate the static analysis approach proposed in [14] into the future implementation of Panorama to prevent this potential evasion.

furthermore, if the special con.guration setting Search Across Computers is enabled, Google Desktop will securely transmit copies of the user s index .les to Google servers.


HVERead: For a HVERead, we read the block just like in our regular ORAM by querying the recursive map for the address and then reading that block from the disk.

the stash does not impact security at all.


Then a node that corresponds to assignment is not permitted to be composed of a public variable and private expression.

we build on an open-source OpenMP compiler OMPi [23].


The test is based on the proportion of zeroes and ones.

and none of the template matched with the original one or the imposter templates.


when clearances and levels are part of a model the .............. relation which is defined in terms of label categories and actions can be expressed in terms of level and clearance categories.


Similar example The query similarw, depicted at the bottom of Figure 12, determines whether each principal s secret is within w of the average.

it is impossible for P2 and P3 to learn each other s values to any con.dence.


abc = P[µ = µ|Z = e(g, g)] - P[forge|Z = e(g, g) abc + .

x1 and x2 are internal nodes, and Cx1 is included in the ciphertext.


They use sand-boxing techniques to automatically generate localized patches to prevent worms from infecting production systems.

iEEE Security and Privacy, 4(3):34 43, May 2005.


Assuming that the probability of each state transition is dependent only on the current state and not on any previous states5 , we calculate state transition probability matrix P (S).

asterisk crashes when receiving malformed RTP packets, 2004. http://www.mail-archive.com/asterisk-dev@ lists.digium.com/msg03417.html.


Firewall shouldn t block ICMP messages that related with established UDP connection [3].

the information security specialists must keep pace with the times and keep up with the progress, they need to create new testing systems or use existing.


This makes sense since the more details shown, the greater the number of places seen where vulnerabilities may crop up.

categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.0 [General]: Security and Protection (e.g., Firewalls)  General Terms Security  Keywords privacy, compliance, visualization, privacy legislation, e-services 1.


In the latter case, the victim will be redirected to the exploit page only in case her operating system and/or browser are vulnerable to the exploits that the malicious web page is serving.

in the end, we picked 2,466 redirection chains, redirecting to 510 legitimate URLs.


fIREWALL IMPACT ON OBJECT PROTOCOLS Mostorganizationsinsertfrewallsbetweentheirpublily aessibleWebserversandtheremotelientswhoanaess thoseservers,blokinginomingtraÆaordingtovarious riteria.FirewallspartitiontheInternetinseurityells, whoseboundariesarediÆulttopenetrateforremoteservieinvoations.Asasimpleexample,onsidertheTCPlIP arhiteture,whereeahwell-knownservieisassigneda portnumberandeahservierequestarriesthatnumber.


During initialization, the sink generates a random master key and randomly splits it into as many parts as it has direct children.

an implementation of such an approach also has to consider the legal and regulatory situation.


It outputs the ciphertext E. Key Generation.

our construction can handle any access structure that can be represented by a boolean formula involving AND, OR, NOT, and threshold operations.


2.2 Object classes Objects are partitioned into classes: for each object class (file, process, socket, ) an access vector is defined, specifying possible access modalities to the objects belonging to that class.

a security context transition for an object can take place when a new object is created and it is based on the security context of the creating process and on the security context of some other related object (for example the parent directory, for a file).


One reason for the high complexity is that a verifying entity has to ensure freshness of the integrity information, which is achieved by a challenge-response authentication involving the TPM.

the result is then written back to the same are of the bu.er and the ring bu.er is rotated.


As noted above, in symmetric key cryptographic applications, the PC issues the command Enc(m), where m indicates the message to be encrypted.

we customized the code by removing this unused functionality and were able to make the code .t within the con.nes of the device.


He also served as a member in the technical program and organization committees for many IEEE and ACM conferences.

there is a pressing need for models and tools that allow for global end-toend analysis of access control by integrating network and application-level access control in a single framework from design, verification and optimization to evaluation and deployment.


4.2, there are contradictoryfactorsin sizing thetraining windowand correlation radius.

thatbeing said, there is no use in generating weak rules.


I3FS [14] improves on Tripwire by running an integrity checker in the kernel.

to access a .le, a program .rst gets the root directory entry and .nds the corresponding directory entry of sub directories, if necessary.


pX1| X2 (·|x" ) 3: if x"" is inside this con.dence interval then 4: D =0(* no attack detected *) 5: else 6: D =1(* attack detected *)  7: end if one of the two elements from the sample and computes the (1-a)% condifence interval for the remaining one conditioned on the chosen one.

we believe that with sample .ltering we will be able to further reduce the distortion of the aggregate considering any kind of attacks.


Furthermore, circuits that contain a lot of gates which can be executed in parallel by the STC framework also carry the potential of lowering the overall STC execution time.

the keys corresponding to the sender s input and the garbled circuit are handed over to the second party (receiver), who retrieves the keys corresponding to his inputs by the sender using oblivious transfer.


We then tried to understand how bots choose their victims.

the purpose of these accounts was to log the tra.c (e.g., friend requests, messages, invitations) they receive from other users of the network.


In Table 9, the similarities are below unity, even though the same source code is involved.

reducing the cost of malware analysis to prevent infection and enable the development of removal tools is therefore an important issue.


BACKGROUND ON PROPERTY-BASED BOOTSTRAP ARCHITECTURES Our work is mainly based on [17, 12], hence we .rst recall the main aspects of property-based bootstrap architectures.

the general idea is to use a bootstrap architecture translating binary measurements (e.g., the hash values of binary codes) into properties.


Then, we perform similarity measurements to determine the reliability of detecting that devices were actually shaken together.

summarizing, our novel contributions are: In contrast to previous research we focus on a di.erent use case with the implications on usability, security, and data analysis parameters discussed above.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies st specific permission and/or a fee.

similar to route discovery phase in reactive routing in MANET, a reverse path is established while the query packets are forwarded.


Or, she could assume full control, and decide whether or not to grant access each time she is contacted by a doctor, family member, device, etc.


Also lifetime studies in social sciences suggest that these contexts are the most important contexts in average users lives [37].

we apply our framework to two important smartphone use cases: protecting against device misuse, and defending against sensory malware.


Following that, there have been various efforts in designing access control systems in which simple safety analysis is decidable or ef.ciently decidable, e.g., the take-grant model [17], the schematic protection model [22], and the typed access matrix model [24].


Alternative solutions to avoid the routing table vulnerability is discussed in Section 6.

figure 2: Routing table initialization process of memory-mapped routing table.


2.1.5.2 SUBJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION Experts, both using ACE-V, can match most print-features, but still differ on identification.

the low F- and higher F+ make the Immigration and Naturalization Service's choice of hand-geometry for another potentially high-volume application, INSPASS for frequent air travelers [11], questionable, unless it was subjected to rigorous testing and analysis comparable to DisneyWorld's.


The comparisons aregenerated once thepagehas reached a steady state and after the interactive session has completed.

the test for basic functionality at CNN involves accessing news articles by following a link on the main page.


For example, there exist classes of functions that cannot be computed in the universally composably secure fashion [3].

exactly because hyperproperties capture that the veri.cation procedure must examine across multiple traces, which may accommodate interactions between the component systems, we say that hyperproperties exhibit the emergent behavior.


Intuitively, L represents low security (public or trusted) information, and H represents high security (secret or untrusted) information.

command c is guaranteed to terminate for any execution of program c0 that starts with an initial memory that is low equivalent to m0 and reaches castp[c], after producing an output trace o' that is low equivalent to o, in memory m' that is low-equivalent to m. Formally, if O(p, m, o)= TERMINATE, then '''''' .m0,m,o.m0 L m0 .


Also for features obtained from a facial image [24] it is possible to generate a similar hash value.

a lower result can be expected compared to Table 3.3.3.


In this way the service provider can refine its behavior and the data it has to provide; x XML representation: access capabilities (Capability Tokens) are represented by digitally signed XML files; x SAML/XACML based: we use/extend SAML/XACML for capability token s elements.

the IoT@Work project focuses on harnessing IoT technologies in industrial and automation environments.


Requirement 1: High Integrity Code Loaded in Trusted Subjects.

iMA is implemented as a Linux Security Module (LSM) like SELinux.


Decomposition is a broad class of techniques in program analysis and veri.cation, but most previous decomposition techniques are symmetric in the sense that each of the sub-components of the program are analyzed similarly, while a key aspect of our approach is that different components are analyzed differently.

it presents the malware bugs we .nd and shows that these bugs have persisted in the malware families for long periods of time, sometimes years.


If there is a correlation between vendors and antivirus naming the table will display the similarities.

despite the Widespread Use of Antivirus Software, Malware Remains Pervasive.


Distributed, low and slow scans can be di.cult to detect if the observation is made only within a small time window.

with the primary graph, the simple distributed scan that directly scans all port numbers or sweeps all IP addresses can easily be detected.


The persistent presence of the watermark means that the co-resident watermarking attack is not distance bounded relative to the location of the cloud provider.

in co-resident watermarking the attacker has the built-in advantage of being expected to create some reasonable amount of delay for his fellow customers.


{0, 1}l for i =1, 2 used in the proposed protocol is secure.

the proposed password-based GKA protocol is presented Section 5.


The comparison of two composite values is made by comparing the sub-attribute values separately.

the root-trigger security analysis allows us to identify network events linked to malicious hosts or due to miscon.guration of web servers.


This considerably increases the total proof size to 3000 bytes.

xb) is of the form (j, v), and updates a (b) by adding v to a[j](b[j]).


A cut between the fast and slow path is also shown which divides the states so that the cumulative probability of the slow path states is less than 5%.

[18] R. W. Floyd, and J. D. Ullman, The Compilation of Regular Expressions into Integrated Circuits , Journal of ACM, vol.


The objective of this paper is to raise the awareness about the security issues related to the adoption of such technologies in power grids.

synchronized phasor measurements in power systems.


In our experiments, we noticed that even if the actual start time is underestimated by about 10,000 seconds (~2.8 hours), we needed to inspect atmost5%of the total node population.

e2 u2,u1,t = Description Setting Number of domains 626 Number of mobile nodes 6101 Flow Inter-arrival Model Lognormal Flow Duration Model Bi-Pareto Mean Domain Residence Time (TR) 67 min Mean OFF Time 315 min Moonwalk Window Size (.t) 300 min Maximum Moonwalk Hop Count (d) 50 Table 1: Simulation Parameters.


Hence, using our scheme, deployment can be executed in a shorter duration and at a lower cost.

iNTRODUCTION Sensor networks consist of a large number of resourceconstrained sensor nodes.