Note that we have ignored one source of overhead at this point: The cost for relocating and copying the contents of the debug sections to the event log.

annotation on costs coming from f or g. However implementing this would be expensive, as there is no cheap way for h to update the annotation of the closure as it gets passed through.


Their work might also be used for precision tuning purposes, by .rst computing a dynamic range for each instruction of interest and then tuning the precision based on the computed range, similar to FloatWatch.

for example, if two variables are often used as operands to the same arithmetic operators, it might be worth grouping them as a single change.


The merge is performed so that the parent s rollback information supersedes the child; if both the parent and the child have rollback information for the same object, the child s rollback information for that object is discarded, otherwise the child s rollback information for the object is added to the parent s rollback log.

if A2 (and its whole subtree of assemblies and .nish scopes, including A7) .nishes its execution before A3 tries acquiring O again while executing the code for A5, then A3 will be able to acquire O and proceed with the execution.


In systems with poor documentation, the code is the only reliable source of information about the system.

their investigations focused on the abstraction and visualization of system components and interactions.


The team was so proud of this that one edition of the APLSV User's Manual had as high level headers: 1. data  2.

if you plan on catching a DOMALN ERROR with this mechanism, you might end up getting a WS FULL, which your left argmnent interprets as a DOMAIN ERROR.


This is not surprising since these tools are indeed built to be flexible and usable in different settings.

software developers were the ones who actually talked to their colleagues and negotiated the exposition and/or implementation of new services in an API.


executing the exact algorithm on the Apache Ant trace, however, produces an enormous amount of potential speci.cations.


We strongly believe a complete evaluation of our work also requires feedback from other members of the research community.

we have established that music beats are useful units of semantic time for music.


Using the GMA interfaces, we can provide a coherent framework for the series of interactions necessary to activate, archive, and retrieve event data.

the monitoring events CPU.user and TCP.throughput are parsed and stored identically.


third-party developers have come to rely on cloud computing platforms to provide high quality services to their end-users.


This kind of work-organisation is just being started but it will take a couple of years to get thorough information of how successful the development of the product lines has been.

the other possibility is to continue as a domain architect in the asset engineering team and act as a mentor in a mentor-apprentice couple.


In our approach we never package proofs together with terms and hence this problem never appears.

instantiating the MTC interface amounts to roughly 40 LoC per feature while our approach requires about 100 LoC per feature for the instances.


While this decision enables us to derive a simplemonadi.cationfunctionfortransformingthewoven codein a lazy context, itprohibits us from being able to monadify only selected functions, as was done by the above two approaches.

it is bound to the function that represents the rest of the computation at the advised join point.


(u,8)corresponding to the last 8 bits of the map image.

with the natural ordering where all bits of x are ordered before all bits of y and all bits of z, the BDDs are exponential in the number of bits.


Further, the degree of impact is roughly speci.ed: CR1 and CR2 are expected to a.ect CheckIn only low , as only the order of steps have to be changed.

this leads to a more e.ective implementation since it avoids redundant solutions and the destruction of existing solutions by accident.


the call sites at the .rst topological level of the call graph.

first, either all calls to a procedure are inlined or none are.This is an acceptable simpli.cation for our purposes.


Moreover, services may have af.nity to particular locations, therefore, controlling the overhead of coordination such as latency can be less .exible.

using message-oriented middleware for reliable web services messaging.


Now, suppose (11) is true for 1 = n = m,and let n = m+1, with x,x0,.,.0 .

the restriction on continuity of the trajectory and the requirement to share true state information make our model more limited than the Byzantine fault model.


Quorum placement in networks to minimize delays.

(this is the probability that the element u is accessed when using the access strategy p.) Given a placement f : U .V , we can extend this notion of load to any node v by de.ning load f (v) = .u.U: f (u)=v load(u).


With these protectionsin place, integratingaSTREAM-FLEX .lter graph into a Java application is simply a matter of having plain Java code invoke public methods of a .lter.

in the plain Java variant, huge deadline misses are observed (2 peaks of 67 milliseconds) due to thegarbage collection.


The operations performed by the parser for a particular pattern can be thus changed by suitably modifying the code speci.ed in the semantic rules.

implementation of Stack-Based Languages on Register Machines, PhD thesis, Technische Universitat Wien, 1996.


(2) What are the constraints on or normal values of this variable?

questions about whatcode does were often scoped to a situation e.g., what happens when an exception occurs or an operation times out.our results suggest that a key design goal for tools orlanguages is to better use the situations described in developers questions to focus and filter the information theyprovide to developers.


ADDITIONALAUTHORS Additional author: Yvonne Coady (Computer Science, University of Victoria, email: ycoady@cs.uvic.ca) 7.

the .rst is of sorting algorithms on the IBM CBE4 and on the NVIDIA/CUDA GPGPUs5 to identify which characteristics of the algorithms match the architectures needs.


This set, which we call the BenchSuite, includes the programs shown in Table 1.

for the BenchSuite, the binary size reduction is very significant; 30% on average and 67.5% for the best case.


We compared the proposed approach equivalent performance for other benchmarks.

v before discussing the related work in Sec.


of superclasses System Internal DIT Depth of Inheritance of a class Class Nested Outward NOC Number of Children is the number of immediate subclasses subordinated to a class Class Nested Inward Fandown Number of subclasses of a class Class Nested Inward Fanup Number of super classes of a class Class Nested Outward NIA Number of Inherited Attributes in a class Class Nested Outward NIM Number of Inherited Methods in a class Class Nested Outward NoVM Number of Overridden Methods in a class Class Nested Gross Table 3: Metrics with their Viewpoint and Projections Property Description L1 The length of a system is nonnegative (Nonnegativity) L2 The length of a system is 0 if the set of elements which constitute the system is empty.

the property based evaluation also requires an analysis of di.erent kinds of mergers.


Treating the set of unknown pipes as actual results boosts the recall to 1.00 when maxT = 300 while maintaining precision at 1.00.

if two records exist in the filter module s input and output, then their ordering is the same in both lists.


Figure 3: Park-Miller random numbers per second (excluding host-GPU transfer time) on nVidia pre-release Tesla.

especially in Tesla double precision, it is faster to multiply by m -1 rather than to divide by m.  3.


ARCHITECTURE Most OC-systems can be split up into two layers (see Figure 1): One layer which consists of the productive system and provides the functional properties of the system.

.rst the data structure, serving as a container for the state of the system, is derived from the formal speci.cation (5).


This information will eventually be used to detect system thrashing and ultimately adjust the agents conflict resolution strategies.

aOP languages have not yet been able to use metadata to capture certain kinds of crosscutting object references that are found in template advice.


Figure 1: Code example for a contrived distributed accumulator composed of a client C, a primary server P, and a secondary server S.  2.

tn = substc(tg,tb) .tb is a valid trace.


Second, we assumed that the m embedding locationswhich convey the payload (presumably of m bits, though other bases could be used), were uniformly selected from all possibilities.

we now prove a useful lemma about its variance.


5.2.1 Methodology We perform context-sensitive inter-procedural property simulation of the downwards closure (~140,000 LOC) of compile file in the call graph of gcc.

the cost of path-sensitivity has limited the applicability of these methods to large programs.


SEAMS workshop brings together researchers and practitioners from many of these diverse areas to discuss the fundamental principles, state-of-the-art, and critical challenges of self-adaptive and self-managing systems.

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This action also made it clear that Dialyzer s analysis was not really going into an in.nite loop.

this only explained one of the problems, namely why it was impossible to use io:format-based debugging to compare the intermediate states of the analyses in the sequential and parallel version.


All visualization forms are realized in a uniform way using the concept of visualizers.

it makes this possible for text editors to utilize the same underlying model as graphics-oriented tools.


early nineties [32, 34, 35, 15], and the intersection type discipline (ITD), as .rst developed in the early 1980s [17, 18, 10, 4] are two good examples of systems which, while undecidable in principle, have found practical application.

this method body refers to the .eld f in the receiver (this), and thus any predicate which we derive must also mention f. since f is not visible in the type Aany such predicate will not be in the language of A.


The authors propose eight usability features and 15 derived mechanisms that have resulted from extensive research on the impact of a variety of usability issues on software architecture and design.

one of these is the Go Back mechanism we have partly shown in previous sections.


Resuhs for the Mediabench benchmark suite dem- onstrate the effectiveness of such techniques.

this heuristic tries to reduce remote accesses and stall time.


PC CC Nim Game DT OOP Version CBSE Version 4 2 4 2 1 0 Simpli.cation OOP Version CBSE Version 7 1 7 1 4 0 MineSweeper OOP Version CBSE Version 7 1 7 1 1 0 Javacalc OOP Version CBSE Version 8 2 8 1 0 0 REGEXP OOP Version CBSE Version 12 4 11 5 6 5 JavaCompExt OOP Version CBSE Version 51 8 51 8 47 40 Metrics Plugin OOP Version CBSE Version 124 19 124 18 109 102  (from 96=93+3 to 120=112+8), SoMoX observes few changes in the number of component types (it decreases from 143=124+19 to 142=124+18).

it usually produces a huge quantity of information that one must .lter.


3.3 Intermediate Representation After the AST transformations, the AST is translated into the IR.

an e.cient method of computing static single assignment form.


They consider privacy and security restrictions in the planning process and argue for the automatic derivation and selection of design alternatives early in the system development process, as a means to produce a secure system.

the items we identify as syntax (softgoals, contribution links, and dependencies) are used in several different analysis techniques and often have a common graphical representation.


Finally, in order to query the ABox behind a provided semantic template, a tuple centre has to exploit Jena API by means of a query language called SPARQL.

we have chosen such an ontology language since it represents a good compromise between expressiveness and complexity [7], and .ts well the TuCSoN openness requirement, since it is a standard ontology language introduced for the Semantic Web, by the W3C Consortium.


Regression techniques always imply some type of impact analysis to determine the coverage needed by the selected regression tests.

we can informally define scenarios to be functional dependent when the following holds: two or more scenarios represent the same functional features, or  two or more scenario contain the same subscenarios Scenarios are functional dependent if one of these conditions holds.


At each iteration of the algorithm, a composition operation will be performed among all legitimate pairs of a.ne graphs, including self-composition.

the counter extension enhances the analysis in two ways.


This implies a service selection process that never ends as long as any context factor can change.


In fact, reference architectures have presented a considerable, valuable body of knowledge about how to structure systems of a domain and, therefore, they can be considered as important elements to be reused.

as reference architectures and PLA are sometimes considered as similar architectures, in a previous work, we have clearly di.ered them and established the relationship between them [17].


6.1 Memory Allocation Research on memory allocation in a multiprogramming system can be grouped into three categories: global replace ments, local replacements, and demand-based replacements.

page replacement in linux 2.4memory management.


Some automatic performance tuning algorithms, such as the critical path analysis [30], can not be supported byFACT either.

the computation granularity of the pipeline is determined by a kplane blockingfactor(mk)and an angle blockingfactor(mmi).


Each new transaction creates a new copy of each object, either upon .rst access [18], or upon the .rst update to that object.

if that is the case, a reference count .eld of the page data structure is incremented.


INTRODUCTION OneSwarm [8,9] is a peer-to-peer (p2p) system for anonymous .le sharing that is actively used by thousands of peers and has been downloaded by hundreds of thousands of users.

in general the simplicity of the model in Eq.


Speci.c actions the agent may have been able to deploy previously may suddenly be forbidden the social or normative position of the agent changes.

if that plan involves picking up a delivery from a factory at the start of the day, but the factory agent does not plan to produce the products until later, the global plan will fail, and thus the obligations of the Virtual Organisation will not be satis.ed.


The increased initial delay for these users as a result of random losses in the network is tabulated below.

|S(si)| and setting it to zero for minimal cost gives the recurrence: w + |S(si)| = (w + |S(si-1)|)(w + |S(si+1)|), or (4) |si| = |si-1 ||si+1| the segmentation that minimizes total bandwidth consumption divides the movie into segments of geometrically increasing size.


Hence, there are essentially no precondition and postcondition the method and caller can rely on, but we may have de.ned precondition and postcondition for mi in feature module f. Thus, it is also necessary to specify the contract if a certain feature is not selected.

first, most methods are only introduced and not re.ned at all [35].


.-slicing and explain [7] are two techniques for fault localization that exploit differences between passing and failing abstract programexecutions traces foundbya model checker.Table1 compares our results to the published individual results for all .ve versions of TCAS reportedin[7].We conclude thatD EPUTO isfar superior to explain (which requires to explore 24 64% of a program) and performs competitive with respect to Delta slicing (within 5%), yet at reduced complexity.

the (cardinality-) minimal fault assumptions that are consistent with our test speci.cation are: {¬h1}, {¬h7}, {¬h9 }, and {¬h12}.


From a theoretical view point, the work on session types for inter-process communication by Gay et al.

in contrast to the present work, none of the above cited work attempts to statically verify that exchanged data blocks are unshared without the need to copy memory.


The design change index is the modi.cation as listed in section 3.

programmable systems are characterized by resource sharing.


Allowing applications to specify their own policies about when and how to speculate enables them to use speculative execution in ways that are dif.cult to implement using generic policies provided by lower layers.

lower layers exercise more control over the entire system, enabling them to to propagate or coordinate speculations between applications.


(a) ValueSpeci.cationAction (a) Action with control (b) Action with object .ow to two targets; no .ow to two targets; comcompetition petition results Figure 5: Two similar activities, with vastly di.erent token passing both B and C will execute.

type names can be composed into record types.


At any instant in the evolution of ModAPI, there will always be expert users for whom the supported mods may not suf.ce; these users will need low-level access to individual engine parameters provided by existing commercial tuning software.

each of our trips uses a public thoroughfare along which it is dif.cult to conduct a controlled experiment.


<rdf:RDF xml:lang="en" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:serv="http://localhost/RDF/servizio.rdfs#">  <serv:ServiceProvider rdf:about="provider ...">   IDFP1SOM   TRANSPORT     Check_Hotel_Availability   SM01   Service providing a check for hotel availability     arrival    IN  STRING      departure   IN  STRING      category   IN  STRING   <serv:Parameter rdf:about="result parameter">   Ris   OUTPUT  STRING     Figure 5: SDL specification for the check_hotel_availability service Our future research will be focused on the implementation of all the components of the framework.

the literature also presents some work in service composition focused on using workflow management systems, either as an engine for distributed activity coordination or as a tool to model and define service composition.


Applications are the agents, and the good they are competing for is the application of the policy they value most, among a set of alternatives that correspond to the policies that can be applied in a particular context to deliver a service.

as the application instances involved are running on the same host (i.e., on the same middleware instance), no communication overhead is required, and the solution set P * can be computed locally.


() declares [ sensorSet : Set ; sensor1, ... , sensor10 : Sensor ; proxySensor1, ... , proxySensor10 : ProxySensor ; recordingDevice : RecordingDevice ; alarm : Alarm ; sensorManager : SensorManager ; ] does [ // create and initialize the components sensorSet := new Set ; sensorSet() ; sensor1 := new Sensor ; sensor1() ; proxySensor1 := new ProxySensor ; proxySensor1() ; proxySensor1.setSensor(sensor1) ; sensorSet.add(proxySensor1) ; .

we have shown in the process control example how connectors can be speci.ed explicitly to abstract away from communication peculiarities between components.


In this paper we explore the possibility of enhancing purely functional measures with measures of complexity that are derived from the UML description of use cases.

have shown that the measurement of both FP and CFP can be based on suitable UML models [22][23][24][25].


We decided to go ahead because we thought that it could help to study what happens when subjects are applying the techniques under time pressure.

we propose adding a third type of replication to the two types that Basili et al.


Bridging agents can also change the content of the tuple being moved, for example to provide format conversion between tuple spaces.

before to proceed, a caveat is needed: the following considerations and performances refers only to the classes in hierarchy.


For such a task the IP Multicast protocol seems to be the best solution, allowing routers to duplicate packets on their paths to their destination, thus relieving the bottleneck at the server [17, 6].

likewise the complexity of Tree Coding for k> 1 trees was stated as an open problem, which is solved in this paper.


Replicas communicate with each other through a Paxos-speci.c protocol.

the simple way to implement this is to repeatedly execute the Paxos algorithm.


For instance, we can specify that every object of type Person has to be dominated by the combination of data structures males and females.

deAL instructs this garbage collector to perform the traversals described in the proof for assertion and assertDisjoint.


Contrary to the mode - , the mode last is useful for recording the last answer from a solution set.

we come to a major result of the theory as shown in the next theorem.


The results show that the predicted values derived (8) by this method has higher precision than the traditional method.

hydrological frequency the average as the prediction results after dozens of Calculation, calculation principle of inconsistent annual runoff series under and the error is 7.1%.


Note that using a less precise wavefront resulted with additional objects exposed by the algorithm.

in Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics, 11th International Conference (1998), LNCS, Springer-Verlag, pp.


An illustration of live programming with tracing alone.

directness and liveness in the Morphic user interface construction environment.


DISCUSSION The main contribution of this paper is the formulation of choices for managing MPL.

fast time to market, to get first mover advantage, outweighs the need to build a product with more features than required .


In particular, a graph transformation rule consists of a precondition and a postcondition describing a generic transformation example.

we present a descriptive approach to de.ne language-speci.c operations and refactorings by macro recording which allows an easy integration in generic con.ict detection components.


[10] B. Awerbuch, Y. Azar, and S. Plotkin.

we introduce the following heuristics to improve path quality for such heterogeneous networks.


2.2 Software Process Improvement (SPI) According to Pitterman [16] and Yamamura [20], a software development process improvement has been raising the quality of the information systems produced, reducing costs and effort spent in the projects, while increasing the productivity of the activities performed.

the existing software quality models, such as the CMMI-SW, don t provide proper guidance on how organizations should define their processes based on their strategies [5, 15].


Use of complex, pointer intensive data structures makes the dynamic recovery of information about such data structures more complicated.

the execution is monitored for security errors and information leakage.


Thus, certi.er soundness and completeness together imply that P ' = P. However, for this to be true, policy P ' must be statically decidable (because P is decidable).

we discuss this challenge in the next section.


Likewise, ) satis.es the conditions we have set.

an alternative approach would have been to add a literal insertion production for the quote and comment terminator literals.


In that sense, we model this intraspeci.c interaction as a struggle to catch developers.

github by itself is an OSS environment, but the amount of data generated everyday makes it di.cult to perform a complete analysis.


An event includes a main action which is a key action to generate post-condition of the event.

manual design of game content has limitation in the quantitative aspect.


The most frequently used are order line, orders and credit info, which contain information about the orders placed, and item and author, which contain information about the books.

failure handling is beyond the scope of this paper.


Such scenarios often occur in research labs where multiple wireless private networks for dedicated projects or applications coexist.

finally, format conversion is a requirement for the H.264 encoding process.


COMPARATIVE STUDY Since fault-prone prediction is a traditional research theme in software engineering, many works has been done so far.

the value of recall in our approach, 0.845, is still higher than studies such as Denaro02, Briand02, and Bellini05.


if (p, o) .G,or p canobtainan SLA (q, (p, o)) from a second party q, or if these conditions can be satis.ed for all observations in any set of observations upon which o depends.

if the absolute di.erence between the two logs is greater than 2e then the probability that Xi lies further than efrom thetruevalue µi is related to the con.dence we have that Yi lies within the error interval of the true value, which in the worst case will be given by c. The test statistic chosen for our hypothesis test is therefore d ' , the number of cases where |Xi - Yi| >2e.


Here, the style-to-framelet mapping is achieved by means of what is called correspondence bindings.

in Section 4, we describe the ArchMatE infrastructure, and then summarize in Section 5 our experiences with this tool in a number of case-studies.


To the best of our knowledge, this is the .rst work which considers a combined strategy of exploiting both the energy market price variability and heterogeneity of data center server hardware towards minimizing the electricity cost.

each server type has a power pro.le composed of an active power consumption hactive and idle power consumption hidle, and a capability pro.le µ h; µ h is the service rate of server type h. the total capability of a data center can be given as NC = t Shh µ .


Different diagram types of UML can be used to view a system from different perspectives or at different levels of abstraction.

in object-oriented design, dynamic modeling typically aims at the description of the dynamic behavior of objects using statechart diagrams.


Like ours, their notion of merge is based on common re.nement.

the implementation can merge 3-valued state-machines if they are consistent.


[3] S. Ratnasamy, P. Francis, M. Handley, R. Karp, and S. Shenker.

this approach has the lower latency than the approach using a lock on the writing time like a token ring.


in order to communicate character traits.

these patterns describe what should be done after the initial drafting of a pattern document.


For example, expressing requirements for class members, including constructors and destructors, must refer to parameters in contrast to the declarations in classes where members implicitly refer to the class being de.ned4: 1 concept Container { 2 X::X(int n); 3 X::~X(); 4 bool X::empty() const; 5 } Many other adaptations of syntax are necessary for concepts, but pseudo signatures are similar to the usual C++ signatures.

the constraints check procedure is re-used to check that a concept map satis.es its associated requirements and re.nements when type-checking the map.


As mentioned above, it is widely assumed that satisfaction of the highest CMMI levels is directly related to improvements of the quality of the software developed and user s satisfaction [5].

this team is in charge of fully developing those requirements by the end of the Sprint.


DES and AES are concrete SBBs that implement Cipher.

there are some overlapping concepts in our work compared to the dimensions elaborated for security patterns.


The building blocks are presented in an abstract manner to merely show that an IsS is a non-atomic unit, and that the building blocks can exist independently of each other, hence promoting loosecoupling as supported in Web services [9].

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Request permissions from permissions@acm.org.

if a constructor writes to a memory address, that corresponds to a ThisPtr passed to another constructor, with a pointer to a new virtual table, we can label the other constructor as a parent.


Such techniques can find potential issues with buffer overflow, user privileges, and array indexing [5, 34].

they work well for novice programmers; however, an expert can do a better job at manually evaluating the potential security vulnerabilities in the source code.


There are also issues in using instru- mentation to update the profile data structure correctly in the context of multiple threads --either synchronization or thread-local copies must be used.

there is a possible race condition during sampling as threads are added or removed from the queue.


The final column shows the number of length-4 DCF paths within the profile trace.

the third column represents the potential number of length-4 paths, measured from an inter-procedure cyclomatic complexity measure.


Consumer Trust in an Internet Store: A Cross-Cultural Validation.

and for software providers, this tendency gives opportunities for penetrating remote markets and developing value-adding software services and systems through the composition of existing distributed services [31].


The ability to mark a class or method as deprecated solves the problem...

currently, the names of the refactorings in the 6http://dev.eclipse.org/viewcvs/index.cgi/ 5Yes, the very same library that we also use as a running ~checkout~/jdt-ui-home/r3 0/proposals/ example.


Our work to date has focused on narrative requirements, i.e., requirements that describe interactions between the system under development and external actors, similar to use cases, user stories, or scenarios.

in summary, our approach supports a balance of precision and usability by o.ering a formal language for specifying requirements as well as visual interaction that alleviates some of the burdens and challenges of formal speci.cations.


The SkechiXML Architecture in joint-venture.

the major tools for interfaces prototyping based on handsketch without shapes recognition are DENIM [11] and DEMAIS [1].


Since k2 = a+1 and l2 = b- 1, the BRV between them can be calculated as Ir= II2 -II1 = (a+1 b-1)T -(ab)T = (1 -1)T .

the algorithm terminates when all values that can be taken on by tIi are iterated.


Another limitation relative to MDSOC, and especially AOP, is that its support for pointcuts (specifying in one place code that is to be executed at multiple sites, or join points) is limited to what can be done with inheritance.

additional dimensions trump inheritance, which is why line 3 below does not test for specificity: dcs .dcs' = 1.


Accuracy and drifting of the clock over time were found to be modest in modern microprocessor architectures [3].

tools are available for estimating CPU/memory consumption of SW on target HW in run-time.


Moreover, Pirated software is more vulnerable to attacks since such software is less likely to be supported with critical security patches and updates.

it is necessary to employ an efficient software asset management technique in order to control the distribution and consumption of software on desktop computers and servers, and also in cloud environments.


We have shown that our record/replay mechanism signi.cantly reduces log-sizes, resulting in log savings of 70% in some cases, although at a cost of an order-of-magnitude slowdown in application performance.

due to timing variations (Section 3.2), a connection that succeeded during record may fail during replay (for example, the connector may call connect before the remote node has had a chance to invoke listen).


The rest of the changes were realised through concern addition.

for instance, the lexicon entries used in the RDL are essential to convey the speci.c terms used in a project domain, or to demonstrate the relations between such elements.


Tools read the xADL 2.0 schemas and automatically generate a data binding library that provides a foundation for other tools.

figure 1 shows the relationships between the primary ArchStudio tools.


INTRODUCTION People often interact with functionalities provided by modern Internet-based systems by invoking web services.

the coded version of the PMM requires extensive coding and design e.ort to be adapted to new requirements.


When carefully managed, variability models support the organization of design knowledge, facilitate interactive system con.guration and variant derivation, and foster an overview understanding of large codebases.

making such models accessible to analyses, or conduct ing cross-language analyses, often requires detailed understanding of the underlying languages.


By using SMT-based state optimization, DGAs in state {w2,w1}can be simpli.ed.

http:// www-sop.inria.fr/esterel.org/, July 1999.


ak post(_, p2, t) (NO P R E ) ai st aj ai st ak ak st aj (TR A N S -S T ) ai st aj Figure 6.

flash: An ef.cient and portable web server.


Acknowledgements We are grateful to Jim Wright, Yit Phang Khoo and Mithun Acharya for their work on the ISE project.

it identifies relationships between existing artifacts not just when artifacts are created so it makes no unrealistic greenfield assumptions.


Perhaps we should seek loopholes for TM other than open nesting.

serializability Serializability [22] is the standard correctness condition for transactional systems.


So that the invocation to one of its callees, the GUI message processing method CRepositoryTree::OnTvnItemexpanding that is responsible to expand a directory view, should be responsive.

evaluating blocking conditions for some conditional blocking patterns relies on computing sets like mayremote.


4.3 Querying Once the factbase is extracted from both the before and after snapshots, a subset based on the changes between the snapshots can be assembled.

this information is available to help the developer understand how the query can be re.ned.


Since we are interested in a schedule which minimizes the makespan, it is even possible to simply adopt the schedule of Greedy without violating the optimality of the schedule.

for the case of unit length jobs, we give (almost) matching lower and upper bounds.


Once the content is copied into the clipboard, it can be pasted into any application.

two issues render the use of Mimic less attractive in the downstream direction when compared to the upstream direction: (i) The downstream bandwidths are typically much larger than the upstream bandwidths in most WWAN environments, rendering the savings in bandwidth the Mimic delivers less critical; and (ii) The computational and latency overheads of Mimic might be less tolerable when the replaying is performed by the client itself.


Combining the ratio with the power consumption of each node we will further estimate the energy consumed by public key cryptography for all sensor nodes given more detailed energy consumption measurements for one type of node.


This makes direct reachability using separate domains not feasible for active messages.

the second condition, separability, requires restructuring the runtime to avoid having shared resources between threads and also the creation of multiple communication domains on top of the messaging library.


Some previous analyses have integrated ad hoc handling of certain web framework features [6, 20], but none provide a general solution for handling the large number of frameworks in common use today.

furthermore, manual inspection of a subset of the new issues showed that many were exploitable or re.ected bad security practice.


For example, Cartoonist [22] displays animated help showing the steps required, but it must explicitly be given the name of a command or task.

most of the participants preferred using the F1 key to have more control over the questions they could ask.


This clearly suggests shared memory contention for some data structures shared among the capabilities.

timer management has been reported as a bottleneck when handling massive number of connections, each with a timeout.


For some deep algorithmic errors few sophisticated test cases are able to expose them.

the extended argument values are constructed from the original argument values and corresponding coverage information that is stored with the matched value.


on Objects, Models, Components,Patterns (TOOLS 12), volume 7304 of LNCS, pages 353 368.

unfortunately, mainstream AOP languages such as AspectJ lack join points at the level of e.g.


As a conclusion, we can state that modeling has a significant impact on our students ability to think abstractly.

upon recognizing these difficulties, we decided to focus on published materials instead.


Computer Music Journal, 30(2):8 18, 2006.

all students successfully acquired basic 21 Emacs typically stores a history of modi.cations in a ring buffer.


Read the detail of patterns in which you are interested.

for example, when you are writing something, draw pictures of what you express by words.


A new round of interviews were conducted in January 2009 for an update on the company s situation and practices.

kM as a field is highly interdisciplinary and KM research is known as relying on a broad set of different theories and research methods.


Hence, we limit our comparison to the work that we judge most relevant, or whose contrasts with our proposal is the most revealing.

finally, one can use the binders of the host language (in our case HA S K E LL) to represent binders of the object language.


[9] CATRENE, Working Group on Energy Autonomous Systems.

the Unified Information Model should integrate the most commonly used standards available in this domain, such as the Common Information Model (CIM) [25] standard or the IEC 61850 [26], in order to guarantee interoperability to the different actors that conform the Smart Grid.


One recent attempt in this general direction is worth pointing out [Dwy99].

the most important function that the software builder performs for the client is the iterative extraction and re.nement of the Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.


Parallelizing Across GPUs in the Cloud As demonstrated in Section 3, Solvency II calculations can be ef.ciently performed on GPUs by parallelizing with respect to interest rate paths.

for example, a multiprocessor can multiply the 32 numbers a[0] to a[31] by 7, computing a[0] · 7, a[1] · 7, .


does not seem to offer much and may therefore be regarded as irrelevant even in the initial document.

the sole provision of equivalent forms does not guarantee the retention of desirable aspects such as effectiveness and efficiency.


If a developer defines a set of model elements to form a perspective then every model element of the perspective represents something unique about the system: () unique(m) =(" $ included( fe) = me /.isShared( fe) Lme.m fe.f l This implies that every model element within a perspective has some unique code elements not shared with any other model element.

the VOD plays selected movies on demand.


The values we obtained without the low-level network emulation are very close to the requested ones since the lost is around 3%.

this project focuses only on the full recon.guration of the network stack.


It is the first to support transactions in a production-quality optimizing C compiler.


An instance of data disclosure condition matrix is shown in Fig.3.

the repository cloud only checks four possible allocations and decides that the previous allocation result (0,0,1,1) should be replaced by the new one (0,1,1,0) since the penalty of (0,1,1,0) is lower than the cost of (0,0,1,1) while the cost of both allocations are less than $250.


We simulate a P2P media streaming environment based on the model introduced in Section 2.

the possibility is low because they are sel.sh and none of them would like to fake a collaborative peer by sacri.cing its own local resources.


Scenarios, depicted using variants of sequence diagrams, are a popular means to specify the inter-object behavior of systems (see, e.g., [5]), are included in the UML standard, and are supported by many modeling tools.

multiple Instances and Symbolic Variables in Executable Sequence Charts.


Finally, each of the two storage nodes maintains a cache (denoted using L3), shared by two I/O nodes.

chunk size also increases overall compilation time.


software-only solutions su.er a lot from not considering runtime information.


CMM from SEI as a software process improvement framework has become very influential in software development world.

introduction In this era of rapid technological innovation and changes, the key to the survival of a software company relies on the continuous improvement of its process.


The schema of the events produced by the embedded PC is shown in Listing 1.

the DEBS 2012 Grand Challenge can be scaled both in terms of number of data and queries which need to be processed.


All technology and source code provided to and developed by the Eclipse community is made available royalty-free via the Eclipse Public License [10].

one can observe the following aspects as foundatio or a wor aspects as foundation f or a worki ng e c os ys t e m b ot h i n bi ol og y a nd s of t w a r e : Technology.


We realize modularity as a second-class module system.

in the body of a mapping, the target object s features can be initialized.


De.nition 2 (Con.icting events) Two events e, e l .

changing the values .owing into such an instruction can change the control-.ow by causing or preventing an exception from being thrown.


It can be seen from the .gure that as memory decreases from 4.5GB to 3.5GB, BOPS for the hard disk drops very rapidly.

we partition the entire device into odd number of zones and exercise alternate zones.


6.2.5 Impact of network-based aggregation The improvementsin the reduce phaseofexecution with Sailfish come at the expense of an additional network transfer.

the difference between the two systems is in the ef.ciencywith which the reduce task obtains its input, namely, the amount of data read per seek which effectively determines the disk throughput that can be achieved.


Even though Keshmesh extends FindBugs to report bug patterns and suggest .xes to the user, it does not use the analysis engine of FindBugs.

such reusable objects cannot be safely used as locks.


Every problem has a weakest failure detector.

for a crash-problem P, an AFD D, and an environment E, if P CE D, then for any other environment E ' with the same external signature as E, P CE' D. when we refer to an AFD D being solvable using a crash problem (or an AFD) P, we generally omit the reference to the environment automaton and simply say that P is su.cient to solve D;wedenotethis relationship by P CD.


Typestates are FSMs with anonymous states and transitions labeled with method names that encode the legal usage of a class under test.

the proposed approach infers models with a higher level of abstraction granularity.


A queue is eligible to .re if and only if it is non-empty and has a consumer.

at the same time, we did not want to make the IL source-language speci.c, which would jeopardize the reusability of optimizations and the generality of River.


Despite of its accuracy, this class of systems reveals an important degree of intrusiveness as a result of the installation of the standard sensors and the necessity for the user to wear items with a RFID reader (e.g.

when the assistive service determines that it is essential to guide the patient through prompts, the algorithm, which is programmed in C#, evaluates the appropriate prompt to send and finds the pathway to route the hint which must be executed by designated multimedia.


INTRODUCTION In recent years, component-oriented software technology has become increasingly popular to develop modern, large-scale software systems [17].

the class C may depend on some behaviour for which an extended de.nition is given in classbox a (or the activation classbox .


Quantifying the energy cost of dynamic compilation of codelets vs. the use of CRS.

the InfoFabric middleware platform is based on the ECho [5] publish/subscribe middleware which presents a distributed source/sink view for the whole system.


Finally, while we cannot eliminate essential clones from programs, we can still manage some clones with macros [3].

the presence of such clones signifies program parts that often are more difficult to maintain than clone-free parts.


Because the initial states in each system are a subset of the reachable states, i.e., 8i)Ri,it is always true that 81 ^82)p^q.

in our model, the transform Tis a function that maps a monitored event e2Em and the current state s2Sto the next state s 02S.Further, a state is a function that maps each state variable, i.e., each monitored or controlled variable, mode class, or term, to a type-correct value; a condition is a predicate de.ned on a system state, and an event is a predicate requiring that two system states differ in the value of at least one state variable.


The function epoch(t) is shorthand for c@t where c = Ct[t].

our evaluation (which currently evaluates only frequently occurring races due to experimental resource limitations) suggests that PACER achieves its theoretical guarantees, .nding each dynamic data race with a probability equal to the sampling rate.


mTurnpike combines the specialized DSM and DSC to generate compilable source code (Fig.

modelers do not have to involve programming details, and programmers do not have to possess detailed domain knowledge and UML modeling expertise.


In most cases, a SIP server should be enough to serve the requests for a domain.

using different port numbers will obviously allow malicious nodes to have multiple identities on the same machine.


Figure 3 gives the pseudocode for our spies.

killing is a last resort and is surgical: Falcon aims to kill the smallest possible layer.


An active superblock contains one or more blocks available for reservation that are guaranteed to be available to threads that reach them through the header of the processor heap.

by leveraging some high-level structures from Hoard [3], a scalable lock-based allocator, we achieve concurrency between operations on multiple processors, avoid inducing false sharing, and limit space blowup to a constant factor.


SPECjbb is throughput oriented: it measures the amount of work (i.e., number of transactions ) done during a given time.

the Web Performance Tool (WPT) was used to generate the workload.


MOLSR (Multicast extension for the Optimized Link State Routing protocol) [19] is a multicast routing protocol for MANETs designed to work in top of OLSR nodes.

our objective is not to show performance simulations of the application layer routing protocols showing improvements over other protocols.


as well as CES and led by Skysoft, Portugal.

this divergence is actually a problem in the general case.


The function call is legal since type B[3] is a subtype of Object[] (an array of objects).

a common theme to Cohen s algorithm, PE, BPE and our algorithm is slicing, in which the set Tis partitioned into disjoint slices (sometimes called buckets) 8,b,b b,81a.


A layered architecture framework is useful in order to reduce complexity and represent different aspects in different models as long as overall consistency is preserved by appropriately modeling the frameworks metamodel [4].

the implementation of SOA strongly affects the design of IT services.


It allows connections of services deployed on different layers.

the tools could work well also on SOA, if they test an orchestration of services involved in connections between Business Services and Application Services.


TAPESTREA manipulates sound in several phases (see MM 09, October 19 24, 2009, Beijing, China.

tAPESTREA introduces a new paradigm for sound design, composition and sonic sculpting tasks.


The communication load is determined by the migration policy, and the migration topology is of special interest since it is known that dense topologies are known to .nd good solutions faster [2].

experiments on benchmark problems show that the optimized topology outperforms static or random topologies of the same degree of connectivity.


OPC DA servers provide one or several OPC DA clients with transparent access to di.erent data sources, e.g., temperature sensors, and data sinks, e.g., controllers.

an example of conventional communication architecture between three di.erent software applications and three different process control devices used in the manufacturing industry is shown in Fig.


For example, FIPA ACL message [10] enable a designer to express the communicative interactions between agents independently of the applied communication technology.

depending on the speci.c application requirements, the communication service may provide speci.c communication services to enable the exchange of messages in a distributed setting, such as white and yellow page services.


This technique has been used to derive programs to solve a variety of maximum-sum programs.

in [SHT00] have a comparison with related work of Bird and de Moor [BM97], Jeuring [JP93], and others.


Definition 4 The credibility distribution F: .

generate randomly each uij from the .-level sets of ..,.., ,.. for i = 1, 2, , mThis generates the matrix .. ... .....,..., ,.... the ith row vector in U. and j = 1, 2, , n. .


The type name set is a globally bound name that refers to a single hidden representation.

the two different parts of the program cannot interoperate.


In proceedings of the First International Symposium on Object Technologies for Advanced Software, Springer LNCS Vol.

once supported, virtually any designed adaptation scenario is implementable.


we believe that it does o.er several important long-term bene.ts.


[12] M. Steinberger, M. Kenzel, B. Kainz, and D. Schmalstieg.

the example demonstrates usage of the tidyUp() function, which implements the .rst strategy for garbage collection.


We also investigated the context in which SORS have been applied.

it is important to highlight that some studies address more than one category.


However, ACTA does not concern itself with the application s execution, but solely with the resulting history.

recall that a compensating transaction implements a semantic undo action for the transaction it is associated with.


Including every cost of VAST system, VAST achieves 155 GFlops for 20,480×20,480 matrices, while hand-modi.ed code reached 171 GFlops.

3.2 VAST Execution Timeline Figure 3 visualizes the timeline of VAST execution.


Note that this is different than propagating an operation s results: it may simply be that version 1 of component A needs to invoke an operation in component B, while version 2 needs to invoke an operation in component C. We are currently supporting this type of authority specification by assuming that the component designated as authoritative for performing a given non-terminal operation will also be authoritative for invoking any other operation.

furthermore, the framework s explicit, flexible connectors with polymorphic interfaces have been used as the foundation of our support for architecture-based runtime evolution of applications [22].


This prediction can also be made by substituting this assumption with the assumption that output processing costs are large enough to guarantee that a program component is always ready to accept the next input command when it arrives.

we have generalized the result from previous work that low network latencies, high processing power difference, and high input processing costs together favor a centralized architecture.


Randomization in Privacy-Preserving Data Mining.

obviously this is no longer an adjacency matrix and the miner immediately realizes that there has been some tampering with the data and thus may make attempts to obtain the original data (for example at the very least he can try and remove the ones from the diagonal of the perturbed matrix).


Section 6 presents experimental results on a set of large programs.

for the assignment p = q , new edges are added from p to all current successors of q; for the statement p = *q , new edges are added from p to the successors of all successors of q;and so on for other statements.


The function unlock(x) unlocks the argument x by setting *x to 0; error() is called if x is already unlocked.

in addition, there are situations, such as analyzing x86 binaries directly, where global alias information is di.cult to obtain.


Since the %Achievable MC/DC for the non-inlined model is always at 100, %Achievable inlined MC/DC can only be lower than %Achievable non-inlined.

table 7 gives the sizes of test suites generated to provide MC/DC over the non-inlined implementations versus the inlined implementations.


Growing solver-aided languages with Rosette.

the WE B SY N TH interpreter is self-.nitizing with respect to the structure of the input tree.


The ranking of refactorings is updated automatically after every feedback (interaction) from the developer.

the refactoring solutions will be quickly updated.


tion of an application which is about to complete could be counter productive, especially when application execution time is longer.

the aggregated resource utilities), and (b) an applicationideal that maximizes application utility.


Further, since the bandwidth required by voice com-16 14 radius (a) Uniform distribution munication will compete with bandwidth for the rest of the NVE, 12 10 8 6 the Gabriel graph has the advantage of fewer neighbors to replicate packets to.

unique to their design, they separate the control network, which administers memberships to various voice conferences, and the media .ow network, which is solely for disseminating and mixing voice packets.


XMIDDLE: A Data-Sharing Middleware for Mobile Computing.

in the context of MIDAS a software component usually provides anumber of services, which are typically made available to other components via the component's public interfaces.


Since the status of each line is known, the lines can be visually marked according to their status to enable better understanding of variability distribution (Figure 7 top).

we are only aware of their use in a single-system context.


The new smaller graph is shown in Figure 9(c).

faces and Presentation]: Group and Organization Interfaces Collaborative Computing General Terms Design, Experimentation, Measurement, Algorithms Keywords Localization, Mobile Phones, Sensors, Navigation 1.


In fact, we .nd that the performance of a query for k MAX RESPONSES at a replication factor of r is equivalent to that of a query for a single response  at a correspondingly lower replication factor of rk .

the current use of P2P .le-sharing systems, which revolves around sharing music and video, requires such keyword matching.


Since an isolated driver s write operations are examined by its ACT, in order to rapidly check write operations correctness and guarantee the stability of the system, the ACT s query time should not be too long.


[16] A. Villazón, W. Binder, D. Ansaloni, and P. Moret.

unlike .nal .elds, stationary .elds can be initialized by multiple writes spanning multiple methods as long as all the writes to the .eld happen before all the reads.


The other contribution is the portability of SW simulation model.

when building fast timed SW models, we need to solve two problems: (1) how to enable timing synchronization between the native execution and HW simulation and (2) how to obtain the portability of native execution (that needs multi-tasking from simulation environments to emulate its multi-tasking operation) on different simulation environments (that give different types of multi-tasking).


It focuses on the correction of Java source code and supports an explicitly de.ned subset of the language, with multiple hard coded aspects (e.g., variable names and numeric constants used in the program had to be explicitly added to the language used in JAFF).

srcML is an XML representation of source code containing both the code text and selective abstract syntax tree information.


The SCP plays the role of a brain that controls execution flows of composite services.

request permissions from Permissions@acm.org.


For example, the initial version of our PEC execution engine did not always correctly instantiate fresh nodes for the RHS of a PCFG.

although both execution engines apply PEC rewrite rules to perform optimizations, they work in very different settings.


The parts of such a system that are particularly popular are those related to advisory services [13], market information [15, 8, 17], and farming and planning practices [6, 1].

a focused group discussion was organized to identify how the system could support the critical situations identi.ed and hence develop technological scenarios to be further evaluated with domain experts and stakeholders.


When considering test case prioritisation, the ideal clustering criterion would be the similarity between the faults detected by each test case.

table 8 shows the results from the multiple-hierarchy model approaches, ICPM .


They analyzed around 400 C++ and 300 Java classes, concluding that CK metrics were signi.cantly associated with faults counts, but they found that e.ectiveness of these metrics vary in the two programming languages investigated.

that was not the case for every Eclipse version, since the level of signi.cance of some of the regressors varies from version to version.


In others, such as in exploiting concrete heap state or per-execution runtime behavior, they are less powerful.

we discuss our solution to these two 2This technique is generally employed for security (malicious users cannot alter the structure of the query) and e.ciency (the query does not need to be re-parsed each time).


[2] Katherine Barabash, Ori Ben-Yitzhak, Irit Goft, Elliot K.Kolodner, Victor Leikehman,Yoav Ossia,Avi Owshanko, and Erez Petrank.

we attempted to .nd the middle way between simplicity andef.ciency,in orderto enableveri.cationwhile maintainingthe practicability of the collector.


The dilemma of this groundless and strong division between the domain of persistence and the .eld of programming could be abandoned by institutionalizing persistence in the programming language.

with all of these methods, a programmer has to endure the considerable work of eventually facilitating persistence, be it by programming the necessary interaction with an external system or designing the software for a special persistence framework.


This conversion is not cheap: in the worst case the difference list consists of a leftassociated expression of the following form, which is visualized in Figure 2: ((((a1++) .

of the 14th Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pages 307 313, 1987.


The precision of the models is characterized by MMRE between 14.8% and 15.57%, and Pred(25) between 85% and 83.3%.


This con.icts with the expectation that all peers should share the forwarding load.

deep trees are not practical because they are more fault prone and they introduce larger delays, which is a problem for some applications.


Nevertheless, insiders that administer the software systems at the provider backend ultimately still possess the technical means to access customer s VMs.

a Comparison of Software and Hardware Techniques for x86 Virtualization.


Annotations enrich statements with metadata and are put in the base code.

the implementation is performed in the Linglet Transformation Systems (LTS).


HOW AMPLE WORKS AMPLE works on a hypothesis .rst stated by Reps et al.


By following the MDE vision, which encourages to use a speci.c language for each concern, attribute values would de.ne the system s characteristics using di.erent models expressed in di.erent languages.

the experiments consisted of performing the whole WCET computation and comparing it to our validity checking analysis.


INTRODUCTION each other by the operating system.

at the end of restart, this file is unlinked.


Third, report the alarms AS , as we know they are d-regressions.

abstraction In practice, we need to instantiate our VMV framework with a real static analysis/veri.cation tool and an effective method for semantic condition inference.


In current version, the publishers in the StreamMine system need to be able to dynamically change the type of published events and subscribers should be able to react quickly to the changing environment, without the need to wait for the advertisement propagation.

a subscription-based routing branch of the XSiena project.


In requirement-based selective testing, requirement information is first mapped to corresponding transitions of the EFSM model [18, 19].

an extra effort has to be made to ensure that the system model is complete and correct.


For example, a unique variable is unaliased, and so the type system can easily track changes to its typestate through that variable.

the open() method is provided only in the Closed state.


The first is an Introduction to Computing and the students may choose their second from Digital Media and Introduction to Programming.

this collection of case studies illustrates how the concurrent editing, shared environment awareness and other features of JavaWIDE can be used to promote active learning and collaboration within a heterogeneous set of teaching and learning environments.


With this policy, a task is dispatched randomly to processors with equal probability.

the difference in performance between SQFCFS and PrSTF is much higher than the difference between PrSTF and each one of PrSNUTF and PrLSTF.


We make a slightly more precise abstraction of the global error in M0.

by Lemma 12, there exists a .nite synchronous execution pre.x S that is compatible with T and satis.es T .p S .p for all p .


brief announcement: Consistency and complexity tradeoffs for highly-available multi-cloud store.


For instance, our VMM successfully virtualizes a Blue Gene version of Linux with support for Ethernet-based communication, allowing virtually any general-purpose Linux application or service to run on BG/P.

lightweight Linux for High-performance Computing.


In this paper, we identify the challenges in deploying CachePortal to real world e-commerce J2EE-based Web applications.

for a common network condition in which the round trip time is around 400 ms, the system with 90% hit rate is scaled up to for more than 20 times as pointed out in Figure 16 and in the second row of Table 1.


Under normal lazy evaluation, the scrutinee is often unevaluated, so while semi-tagging is a win on average, the average speedup is only 2%.

we found it extremely helpful to write a formal operational semantics to explain exactly what happens during speculative evaluation, abortion, and adaption.


In our scenario, the observation of CPU degradation was even more than that since the tasks assigned to the VMs were more complex than Fixed-point or Floating point benchmark.

the current thin client technologies cannot be directly applicable to our scenario for the following reasons.


To realize the goals of our VC Management System, we have used the JaCaMo1 platform that combines three separate open source technologies, i.e., Jason, CArtAgO and Moise for programming MAS.

agents bring the appropriate people having common goals or interests together and to share their knowledge with each other at ease.


A lot has happened in Linguistics and in Programming Languages since then.

we make the argument that the primitive abstractions in programming languages should be drawn from the study of Natural Languages, rather than from Computer Engineering or Mathematics or ad-hoc metaphors such as Objects.


YinYang differs in the same way from previous debuggers that support time travel [2, 13, 14, 23, 28].

yinYang substitutes visualized execution for programmer-con.gured tracing and probing, providing programmers with feedback that is more focused and visible.


Experimental evaluations suggest that our methods are effective for a Java PEG and a JSON PEG but are unfortunately ineffective for an XML PEG.

the same parsing function called at the same position returns the same result.


On one hand, we analyze the recommendations and needs from specialized SE conferences like Model Driven Development, Requirements engineering, XP, etc.

one way to have access to contemporary equipment and software is the strong cooperation with the ICT industry.


This constant need to re-create the context of the task reduces the programmer s productivity.

based on these goals, we defined criteria for a participant to be included in our analysis.


The rule seen at the bottom of the screenshot, for example, indicates what happens when the event b pressed occurs, Display is either date or time, Update has one of the values listed, and so on for the other variables ( * being don t care ): In this case, the variable Update changes to none but most of the other variables stay the same ( = ).

the shaded cells progress diagonally down a constraint table.


The identi.ers are ordered with a lexicographic order.

the number of simulated replica is much lower than reality were each developer works on its own (or even several own) replica e.g.


The currently popular choices Scala, Clojure, Kotlin, Groovy all are explicitly languages for programming the Java platform, and the platform shines through in day-to-day programming.

while there is some overlap between the monadic combinators and CML s combinators, providing both paradigms in a single language provides some useful synergies: The Concurrent ML substrate is implemented on top of the monadic substrate.


Figure 6 shows an example of a feasible merge and the new stamps.

extending the stamp rules for ESM is not hard.


The trace-speci.cation tree T is built from the IDS rules.

iEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2:308 320, 1976.


Developers compare this prototype with other classes to decide if they are belonging to the persistency category.


For example, if programmers use very general types such as Object in Java (very rare in practice), our type resolution step fails because there are too many possibilities.

we stack all n-dimensional y s from m time windows to construct the m × n state ratio matrix Ys .


In C2, architectural descriptions are converted to lower-level object models on the basis of the framework infrastructure plus a set of C2-specific rules that serve to maintain consistency.

this allows the developer to specify concrete architectural descriptions at the programming level.


After analyzing the characteristics of Erlang variables, we have found that any variable in Erlang can be translated to a name in p calculus with the same spelling and context.

a receive expression code segment in Erlang case Status of true -> work; false -> rest; Y-> Y end.


The topology of the surface passing through such a component can be determined with a few point samples.

for a polygonization to accurately represent the topology of an implicit surface the number of components and the genus of each component of the polygonization need to agree with that of the implicit surface.


Here, extension E2 may be speci.cally built to work on top of E1.

such integration can not only be achieved with pure-embedding-like techniques but also using language extension in an extensible compiler, for example, where the embedding is described as a compiler plugin.


We have integrated the Kenya language as a perspective in Eclipse.

in eclipse 03: Proceedings of the 2003 OOPSLA workshop on eclipse technology eXchange, pages 35 39, New York, NY, USA, 2003.


In order to preserve this Write Once, Run Anywhere approach to software development, we need to avoid tightly coupling applications to their execution environment, whether that environment be an operating system or middleware.

to copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.


However, we believe that our approach breaks new ground by the integration of MAC into use case, class, and sequence diagrams, and by providing design-time.

use cases uci and ucj, ucj securely (MAC) inherits uci (the generalization arrow from ucj to uci) .


Error Handling Note that OOMatch introduces the potential for new kinds of errors.

it cannot be said that either of these methods overrides the other, because there are cases where the second applies and the third does not, and vice versa.


Smart sensors thus lead to network centric system model.

respectively, if the blind robot comes too close it reduces its speed.


Thus when St1 executes in processor A, it results in a cache miss for the shadow block.

first, let us consider the VAL:ser implementation.


Developed initially by Ferraiolo and Kuhn [8], this approach was later extended by Sandhu et al.

the focus of our product is on limiting administrator access and on crossplatform user provisioning based on business requirements.


In Aztec, a large number of small messages are used for the communication.

but partitioning time alone is not suf.cient to rate the performance of a partitioner; one needs to investigate partitioning quality as well.


The most important parts of PL engineering are framework engineering and application engineering with their sub steps, but KobrA also defines implementation, releasing, inspection and testing aspects of product line engineering process.

[49] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software Architecture in Practice.


The upper numbers of the x-axis represent time.

mapping the torrent .le into pub/sub system poses challenges, since pub/sub events carry di.erent data in each event.


It can, however, become a source for false alarms, when di.erent threads access nonoverlapping regions of the array.

it is a good idea to .rst locate all elements of some array on one minipage; only if alarms are reported, should one try splitting it into several units.


High think-time impact: In all of the equations we created for realistic scenarios shown above, think times were not a factor.

next animation (right), start presentation (center), and show slide (right) response times Thus our measurements showed no significant response time differences but confirmed the trend predicted by the equations, thereby validating them.


It is then surprising that little support has emerged for these often-used patterns, collection and dissemination.

we also provide a templated interface, ProducerSimple that achieves this goal when the ADU is known in advance at compile time and does not vary in size from one invocation of give() to another: interface ProducerSimple { command result_t get(Adu_t* buf, bool first, bool last); event Adu_t* give(Adu_t* buf, bool first, bool last); } Here, the interface ProducerSimple takes a type parameter Adu t de.ned at compile time.


To address this problem, AOP allows a crosscutting concern to be isolated and encapsulated into a separate module: an aspect.

without AOP such kinds of concerns are scattered and tangled in the implementation, making it hard to maintain.


This works perfectly well when it is enough to just generate the picture, or the animation without further inspection of the data.

the scripts presented are complete, except for the implementation of the data model.


Hence, more reasoning is needed to reach a goal sooner.

these systems are designed for speci.c application domains, and are evaluated only on those targeted domains, making general comparison dif.cult.


The dotted edges highlight this bottom-up process.

in general, the condition is not loop-invariant, so the sequence of values of i cannot be expressed as a function of the loop index variable h. The scalar tmp represents temporary computations that do not introduce loop-carried dependences at run-time.


Our results show that execution omission errors can be easily captured with the proposed techniques.

since x@4, the reaching de.nition of use x@6, occurs after predicate p@1, de.nition x@2 would get killed even if p@1 were evaluated to T. p@1T is not in PD(x@6).


This improvement is found in both use case 2 or 3 (except for Facebook and Youtube ).

we do not know this when we enter the web application, so we still try to speculate aggressively.


In the context of this paper, we refer to mashup of various data sources into a larger information set.

mashup is one of the most interesting technologies within the framework of Web 2.0 and its usage is growing rapidly.


To maintain a high throughput for a work-stealing application, the cost of having steal attempts must be paid in order to quickly distribute dynamically generated tasks.

but, which thread the core will be granted to is still determined by OS scheduling policies.


3.10 Threats to validity As in any experiment, there is a number of threats to validity.

introduction For decades, type systems (cf.


Previous languages supporting these forms of extensibility either restrict their usage to a limited set of programming idioms that can be modularly typechecked (and modularly compiled) or simply forego modular typechecking altogether.

second, the RMJ compiler must record information in the resulting class .les to tell the RMJ class loader what checks to perform when each class is loaded.


SIGSOFT 12/FSE-20, November 11 16, 2012, Cary, North Carolina, USA.

we show a manual test that shares some steps with two previously automated tests.


a same type constraint may imply many other type equalities.


Ideally, the visualizations should be updated after each JIVE event.


Within each task, variables can be overwritten as many times as desired.

future work will focus on developing more complete program analysis tools, providing compile-time analysis of data usage for runtime garbage collection, and coalescing of tasks to enable greater instructionlevel parallelism and SIMD vectorization on modern architectures.


Considernextallagents,andtheommonrefnementof alliequivalenelasses,i1n.Thatis,twoprie vetorsareequivalentiftheyareiequivalentforalli;in Z otherwords,thesetofoptimainZ+forthesevetorsare thesameforallagents.Theselassesareinturnpolytopal subdivisionsofthedorthantbyhyperplanesnormaltothe Z vetors{ei-Z:i1n;ZEZ+},nMhyperplanesin toto.HenethereareO(nM)suhsubdivisions,andin fattheyanbeonstrutedinNC[6].


To cope with this aspect we decided to exploit literature results, in particular all those results (e.g., [10, 27]) that have shown how the overhead directly imputable to log/restore can signi.cantly vary for variations of the log interval around small values (e.g., a few units).

an Evolutionary Algorithm to Optimize Log/Restore Operations within Optimistic Simulation Platforms  Alessandro Pellegrini Roberto Vitali Francesco Quaglia pellegrini@dis.uniroma1.it vitali@dis.uniroma1.it quaglia@dis.uniroma1.it DIS, Sapienza, Università di Roma ABSTRACT In this work we address state recoverability in advanced optimistic simulation systems by proposing an evolutionary algorithm to optimize at run-time the parameters associated with state log/restore activities.


stealCount[t.level]: markStolen(t); else if wsh[myrank].childCount[t.level] == current wpi.

a continuation represents the remainder of the execution that begins with the given continuation step.


in open STDIN, "words"; let count = ref 0 in while () { if (/.aaa*./o and not /.ooo*./o) { Shtream.iter {| incr count |} (run_source begin ++$count; from_file "words" -| } grep (fun str -> } Str.string_match aaastar str 0) -| grep (fun str -> print " $countn"; not (Str.string_match ooostar str 0)) end); print_endline (" " ^ string_of_int (!count)) (a) perl-int (b) shcaml-int stringbuf buf; (define .aaa*.

shcaml s Proc module, for example, provides easier management of subprocesses.


Because the iteration number is not defined they cannot be visualized without LCCM.

of 5th International Conference on Aspect-Orien Marted Software Development (AOSD 2006).


It shows that it permits the realization of reusable software components and that the Devices Virtualization layer is still valid even when the hierarchy is extended for including new devices, independently from their complexity.

a way to adjust these values can be using a regulation service.


In contrast to other tools such as Plural [4], JFTA does not require the programmer to provide annotations of the program code.

in our setting we are interested on the e.ect of using enriched speci.cations rather than on absolute precision; and our results thus are likely to generalize to all sorts of typestate veri.ers.


Technical report, Keele University/National ICT Australia Ltd., 2004.

each study takes into account a di.erent number of layers in the proposed solutions, whereas some approaches (the ones presented in studies S2 and S5) use a set of integrated modules that interact with each other to provide their services and applications, instead of using a layered architectural model.


We have identi.ed three programming language abstractions that enable such liftings.

scala supports a mechanism for specifying the type of this explicitly.


((h) Throughoutthispaper,weusetodenotethelooptrip ountofloopLiatlevelh,whihisonstantorsymbolilyonstantw.r.t.theprogramsegmentunderonsid (((1) eration.Denote(v=VV((n)).Weleti(n)=l i(h)i(h+1)((h+1)i(h) and=Vl:h:n-l.Intuitively,equalstothenumberofaumulatedlevelnloopiterations whihwillbeexeutedinonelevelhloopiteration.Let i(1)(2) vi=(ViVVi(n)).Inthispaper,wealsodenote7i asthenumberofstatiwritereferenesduetoloalarray regions2inloopLi.Wearbitrarilyassigneahstatiwrite refereneinLianumberl:k:7iinordertodistinguish them.TakeloopsinFigure3(b)asanexample,wehave v (=(N-lV[N-l),vi=([N-lVl),71=72=land 73=74=0.

basedonequation(l3),givenalegalnetworkfow,wehave l1llE1l E(Vi)qv& =Ef(ek)(qv-qv&)(l4) i=1wk=1 whereek =ViVVj>EE1.


Unfortunately, memory graph comparison requires the extraction of memory graphs which usually causes heavy performance overhead when the program states are huge in number and complex in structure.


We have done some preliminary experiments in this setting, with XSUL and Apache Axis, and have observed promising performance improvements.

porting to a new implementation (e.g., another ORB) is much easier.


v is a singleton heap consisting solely of the pointer x, storing the value v. The disjoint union may be unde.ned if h1 and h2 overlap, so we need a predicate def h, declaring that h is not unde.ned.

in both cases, the task of searching and extending the context is performed by the polymorphic structure x.nd (Figure 3), which recurses over the context lists in search of an element, relying on uni.cation to make syntactic comparisons between expressions.


For instance, many taint analysespropagatetaintsthrough only data dependences.

a purely value-based LCS algorithm may be confused and draw a wrong conclusion that the outputs are still present.


There are 7 SI units, and they are ordered as metre, kg, second, Ampere, Kelvin,candelaand mol.

figure 8: Overall structure of the amc AspectMatlab compiler Thefront-endofAspectMatlab wasimplemented as an extensiontotheNatlabfront-end(Natlabisa neat version of Matlab, developed by the Sable Research Group).


This immediately leads us to the worst-case complexity of FISCH as O(l · k + m · o), where l is the number of tasks scheduled on the data center, o is the number of objects in the abstract job, k is the number of blocks in the abstract job, and m is the number of groups in the abstract cloud.

their performance can vary signi.cantly in practice and there is no single heuristic that performs best in all situations (Braun [1999], Munir [2008]).


[9] K Kang, S Kohen, J Hess, W Novak and A Peterson, Feature-orientation domain analysis feasibility study, Technical Report, CMU/SEI-90TR-21, November 1990.

feature diagram is just a declarative specification in terms of labels, and needs support for tracing a feature (i.e.


CONCLUSIONS VM consolidation overbooking is a promising solution to address the resource utilization problems that arise due to the elastic nature of cloud applications and current infrastructure management practices.

the case for energy-proportional computing.


2.6 Common Tag (CTAG) The idea of linking tags with well-de.ned concepts from the Semantic Web is also adopted by the Common Tag (CTAG) ontology that was released in 2009 [3].

we decided to develop a uni.ed ontology that takes the best parts of the reviewed tagging ontologies and combines them in one consistent conceptualization.


often this .le is very large; there are several reasons for making it as small as possible.


Our design overtakes signi.cant restrictions of the standard analyses provided by compilers.

if the values of variables speci.ed at runtime a.ect the memory access behavior of the kernel, we consider their values as context related information.


Featherweight Java: A minimal core calculus for Java and GJ.

join-points can also have a dynamic nature, e.g., based on the dynamic type of objects referred to in the point-cuts, or based on the control-.ow of the program, such as the .rst execution instance of a recursive method.


[33] Ratnasamy, S., Francis, P., Handley, M., Karp, R., and Shenker, S. A Scalable Content-addressable Network.

we used techniques similar to those presented in [16, 25].


It is quite typical for programmers to work in pairs on complex tasks or when learning a new tool.

refactoring is a simpler problem for participants to conceptualize, because they only needed to consider two versions, the before and after.


Variants of this technique have recently been adopted in several bug detection tools, including our whitebox fuzzer SAGE, which has found dozens of new expensive security-related bugs in many Windows applications and is now routinely used in various Microsoft groups.

our memory model is very precise and is used in conjunction with a symbolic execution of a speci.c program path and concrete execution.


Since completely prohibiting escaping arrays severely restricts the programs that can use miniboxing, this solution becomes unusable in practice.

in our case, on the Java Virtual Machine, miniboxing reduces the number of code variants from 10 per type parameter to just 2: reference types and the largest value type in the language, the long integer.


BUILDING MFERIO We next describe the implementation of mFerio, and relate it to the design considerations presented in Section 2.

proceedings of the ThirdInternational Conference on E-Commerce andWebTechnologies (EC-Web), Prague, Czech Republic, Sept. 2002.


This shift results in an end-to-end view of the business transaction where the purpose and the usage rules of each message can be make much more precise than with EDI.


Web effort estimation papers per year With regard to the methods and techniques that have been used for Web effort estimation, Figure 2 shows that CBR and Stepwise regression were the two techniques used the most, followed closely by Linear regression.

the relations between codes can be defined by the very researcher.


Quincy performs better for this policy, under all our metrics, than the queue-based approach.

workloads for systems such as Dryad and MapReduce tend to be dominated by jobs that process very large datasets stored on the cluster computers themselves.


(b) Apply Multiple Protection Mechanisms without Incurring Cumulative Overheads.

the documentation pointed us to pam_authenticate, which performs authentication by calling pam_sm_authenticate.


We now present the results (completion times) when the on-chip memory capacity is varied.

we use notation Mui ,nj ,pk ,al to denote the data transformation matrix needed for implementing the preferable memory layout (i.e., for achieving the best data locality) for array Ui in loop nest nj of procedure pk of application al, where 1 = i = Z, 1 = j = X, 1 = k = C, and 1 = l = V .


Data was only collected from homes with communicating thermostats, and thus are not a representative sample of all homes in the service territory.

the longer the time duration since the set point change, the greater the magnitude of the prediction errors.


To evaluate how accurately our technique can identify the calling context of each HPM event, we show the number of L1 cache miss events for which we can track their calling contexts accurately against the total cache miss events occurring in the JIT-compiled code in the last two columns of Table 1.

our extended version also captures a data address from the SDAR register (for memory-related events) and the value of the stack frame pointer.


Our main quantitative .ndings are that: 1. with large idempotent regions, performance overheads quickly approach 0% as regions grow beyond roughly 50 instructions; 2. small idempotent regions of 10-25 instructions typically entail performance overheads of roughly 10%; 3. for small regions ISA effects typically in.uence performance by 2-3% (up to 15%); and 4. a code generation algorithm that allows possible control .ow side-effects performs only slightly worse less than 1% worse on average than a more speci.c code generation algorithm that allows them.

if it is not pro.table, the compiler can choose to checkpoint the livein variable to the stack by spilling it before region entry and then re-loading it as needed, as in the latter approach.


These algorithms use ParentSeedQuery and ChildSeedQuery to extract domain ontology.

this system is using boundary classes to define the depth limit; this approach is very useful to minimize the depth of targeted ontology but system must be knows about the chain of links that creates a list of classes to include in extract or segment.


Thus, our approach requires distinguishing a phase that has a good energy-time tradeoff from one that does not.

in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low-Power Electronics and Design ISPLED 01, August 2001.


As the number of recent vulnerabilities in SSL libraries and the severity of bugs where a single line change can introduce a vulnerability 1 show, building secure systems is harder still.

we show how to build secure web applications with high-level data-security policies and describe how LIO automatically enforces these policies.


The semantics of FACPL policies is given in a denotational style, i.e.

mODELING ACCESS CONTROL In this section, we outline UML-based Web Engineering (UWE) [5, 6], an engineering approach for modeling web applications.


employee was granted at least 90 minutes interview time for an appraisal.

applied in the right context with the appropriate adjustments, it showed to be apt and fairly flexible for the organization of a software process improvement endeavor in a small enterprise; it supported the project and provided a framework for a smooth performance of all respective activities.


user id, email, timestamp of authentication, remote IP) that are able to individually identify users.

to copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.


HMAC uses a single key k , and essentially calls NMAC with k = gc(k + ipad) and k ' = gc(k + opad), where c, ipad, opad are speci.c constants hardwired into the design of HMAC.

pre.x-freeness gives the simplest provably-secure counter-measure to various forms of extension attacks on hash functions, message authentication codes and pseudorandom functions, as discussed in Appendix A.


The transformation between them has been implemented using QvT [27].

our solution could be still used in this case if only to flag incorrect deployments.


In the HK implementations, the state transitions are located in Java classes that play the State role, which is usually defining (Section 2.1).


Fast Planning Through Planning Graph Analysis.

interesting approaches might include AI planning algorithms that make use of domain-specific knowledge encoded as control rules [1] or some form of HTN planning [11, 10], as well as approaches beyond AI planning such as simulated annealing [12].


If the body satis.es the synchronization correctness requirement described in § 4, then all threads will always be in the same iteration.

constraint e1 + e2 e1 + e2 e1 < 2n - 1 .


As soon as a user logs in the BT System a thread of BookSeller service and a thread of BookBuyer service are created.

tHE PATTERN 2.1 Example Consider a system for Book Trading, which is from herein referred to as Book Trading (BT) system.


An important facilitator of the Singapore-Ontario project were mutual visits between Canadian and Singaporean partners.

sTEE and NUS collaboration journey started in 1998 when a Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) was established between the two institutions.


The AIT provides the melting pot in which data from social and content-based sources are mixed and then used in smarter searches.

the framework is designed to be extensible to other domains and we are also particularly interested in certain scienti.c applications e.g.


We maintain the invariant that at any given linearization point, at most one of the underlying subcontainers is nonempty.

scalable producer-consumer pools based on elimination-diffraction trees.


(a) Rebuffering Ratio (b) Video Startup Time (c) Average Bitrate Figure 1: Distribution of three standard video quality metrics computed over > 200 million user views across 91 providers.

figure 1 shows the distribution of rebuffering ratio, video start up time, and average bitrate from views that have started the video playing.


It can be seen from Figure 5 that PROPHET has the most consistent results with the mobile sink case; it is interesting to observe that although PROPHET starts collecting encounter information only after the start of the sensing activity, it still achieves a high delivery ratio.

when the sink locations are unknown, regular DTN routing protocols may be used, if the sink IDs are known.


[14] R. Jones and S. Blackburn, editors.

this may not be the case for a concurrent collector in which both mutator and collector threads are active simultaneously.


In The 26th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, September 2013.

this component consists of points, rectangular domains, and general domains.


This is a non-trivial task, as such allocations should be automatically freed when the function returns, even when exceptions occur or functions like setjmp and longjmp are used.

cONTROL FLOW OPTIMIZATION OF POINTER-BASED CODE Pointer-based code often uses control .ow structures that are not easy to analyze.


OMG MOF targets automating the management and interchange of metadata whereas knowledge representation focuses on semantics of the content and on automated reasoning over that content [20].

for example, OCL can be used as a query language with lexical notation over an UML object data model.


Several works have been published on the identi.cation of aspects in requirements speci.cations prior to entering implementation stages [2, 8, 9].

lotosphere: Software development with LOTOS.


Indeed, any TIA can be expressed as a TIOA as well.

we enumerate bounds on a pair of events in the event order that are immediately derivable from the bound map b of an underlying TIA and the bound conditions in De.nition 3.


Because, our method is ag-to the ith CW interval of v, then its active interval is shifted by i= j nostic to how the service-service calls are made, we don t allow (1-.-1) ×.i=1ci.

table 1 shows top-k (k=2) hotspots in .ve SCG instances of a functionality F. Based on the frequency of occurrence in top-k lists, the services {x2, x3}are the best candidates to optimize F. optimizing these services together might not have a huge impact on requests to F in general, because they co-occur only once in the .ve top-k lists.


Consequent domain specific visualization helps to understand the models for domain specialists.

cONCLUSIONS By the increasing complexity of software systems, the model-based software development became essential.


They are similar to benchmarks used in previous STM papers [15, 23].

unlike for the micro benchmarks, the STM overhead remains signi.cant for large p. We believe that this result occurs for two reasons.


In the latter case, should both type hierarchies be merged or should they be kept separate?

a program may fail, if it did not establish that the required properties are present.


Approximately 70% of the PCs are managed and updated by use of Microsoft s Active Directory.

windows 7 media was ordered and made available for purchase at the bookstore for a small fee to cover duplication costs.


In our implementation, we track which properties are being queried and throw an exception when a cycle is found.

kryo: Fast, ef.cient Java serialization and cloning.


Indeed, a range of power variation (P and Q) is set for each appliance and when the difference detected between two consecutive data readings can be associated to at least one appliance in the database, the algorithm adds it in the monitoring report with the time of ON / OFF events [6] and the appliances in operation.

when an erratic behavior occurs, it computes, through a probabilistic method, the most reasonable solution to guide properly the person.


From the implementation point of view, it fully relied on Smalltalk re.ective capabilities.

this will help developers in better designing their systems by making more precise architecture descriptions.


The authors employ a custom model checker and various heuristics to reduce the state space.

this is interesting because they use the same state size, namely a bit per .eld.


For example, if we need another advice for checking the dirty region in Listing 2, we may prepare an aspect CheckDirty containing this advice as shown in Figure 6 (a).

they can be invoked by an unicast or broadcast way.


We introduced a USN middleware platform defined with standardized interfaces between wireless infrastructure and application services.

the infrastructure provider should deploy not only sensor network(s) but also adaptors responsible for providing transparency between USN middleware and various sensor networks.


This is because the greedy contention manager does not maintain costly data structures for assigning priority to transactions.

obstruction-free synchronization: Double-ended queues as an example.


Thus, "static" and "dy- namic" refer to the inputs of analysis.

[5] K. Cremer, A. Marburger, and B. Westfechtel.


We implemented the observer pattern using .NET events.

as the pair of systems evolves, not only did the complexity of TBSExport grew out of control, the gateway also led TBS knowledge into the SPOT domain layer, burdening it with responsibilities beyond its own sphere.


Figure 4 shows the evaluation of an image enhancement step (Dewarping) on the OCR results.

a new mashup often brings about the need to develop a new conversion service, which is then also added to the architecture as a service.


The category includes the following metrics:  Reporter experience (ExpR) of a reporter repj at time t1 is measured by the number of previous issues reported by the reporter prior to time t1:  r rep ) = count iss ): t iss 1 ( exp j ,t1( created _ < t Assignee experience (ExpA) of an assignee assj at time t1 is measured by the number of previous issues resolved by the assignee prior to time t1: exp ( ,t ) = count iss ): a dev ( t < t j 1 resolved _ iss 1 Average past issue lead time (Apit) of a developer assj at time tk is calculated as an average of the lead time of k 1 previous issues resolved by a developer: k -1 t .

stakeholder past performance, issue description features, and submission cooperation represent the three input variable dimensions used in this study.


If one wants to compute several statis tics, which is quite typical, it su.ces to additionally send when high accuracy is required ( 1 large).

practically speaking, it s un clear how much of an advantage this is.


This leads to better users experience and acceptance of the software.

it would mean some bias and subjectivity.


We use MIXY to look for null pointer errors in a reasonably-sized benchmark vsftpd; we found several examples where adding symbolic blocks can eliminate false positives compared to pure type quali.er inference (Section 4).

our type quali.er inference system ensures pointers that may be null cannot be used where non-null pointers are required.


hD video needs to be clipped by subject, renamed, then transcoded to MPEG format.


Both types of requirements (development ef.ciency, and dependability) can be achieved using the component-based development approach based upon formally analyzable component-models and complemented with adequate analysis tools.

at the same time the growing complexity of embedded systems requires methods that increase the abstraction level, improve reusability, and enable concurrency in the development process.


It is easy to see that A1 = 0 if we assume neither and it is non-zero otherwise.

we also attempted to recognize saturating multiplication using this method, but ran out of memory while forming the BDD for the initial multiply.


Finally,we consider the Jeannie compiler itself.

figure 12 shows the complete translation of Figure 7 s return i statement.


These generic approaches propose means to extend the notion of aspect to any kind of models withawell-de.ned metamodel.


The professor would be allowed to set the grade of a student if the professor has a role ProfessorOf with the student s id number.

we have .nished a parser and will work on an interpreter and dynamic checker.


Our model also provides for incrementability -supporting on demand usage of communication and storage resources and adaptability and extensibility -supporting evolution triggered by user needs.

iCSE 2000, Limerick, Ireland &#169; ACM 23000 1-58113-206-9/00/06 $5.00 bandwidth utilization.


Below the trace, we s show the result of segmentation.

if we compare events that start at 100 and 125, thee relative difference is 0.2, which is a match even though there i is a difference of 25 time units.


Hence, this paper proposes using COCOMO II, which is a standard algorithmic cost estimation model that consists of many relevant factors in practice.

categories and Subject Descriptors D.2 [Software]: Software Engineering D.2.9 [Software Engineering]: Management General Terms Management Keywords Portfolio Management, COCOMO II, Software Project Risk, Software Project, Software Development  1.


These techniques aim to facilitate a P2P node to choose neighbours independently based on a certain criteria.

by doing this they agree on lower streaming quality (determined in the price model for higher level customers) and contract the .rst (or higher level) customers instead of the provider.


In Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, eds.

although most PhD students undertake reviews of the State of the Art in their topic of interest, the quality of such reviews is variable, and they do not as a rule lead to published papers.