To the best of our knowledge, no current aspect system provides all of the features of #Dyner.

most systems provide only static, rather than dynamic, weaving.


Finally, we make in.nite copies of every edge except high L.j way edges, i.e., those in .i=1E(Hi).


However, soft errors in microprocessor logic will soon also become common [30].

latches, which are used in a variety of internal data structures, make up a large fraction of processor area.


We would like to show that if t is the image of an SDP type, then all terms of type t are equivalent to the encoding of some SDP term.

there is no extra junk of type t. Showing this result would also show that encoding the .-calculus with app and lam is adequate, because the SDP calculus can already adequately encode the .-calculus.


As a proof of concept, we show how the machinery developed can be used to study some metadata management problems in the context of data exchange.

we provide simpler proofs for some fundamental results regarding the inverse operator proposed by Fagin [11], and we also give an effective characterization for the decidability of the well-known schema evolution problem [22, 19].


However, we observed occurrences in our traces where these two consecutive queries (which we can attribute to the same interaction because both embed the same client IP address) came from di.erent LDNS servers.

even though we sent our CNAME response to one LDNS, we got the subsequent sub2 query from a different LDNS.


The algorithm may reply with a yes, in which case learning terminates, or with a no, in which case a counterexample cex is provided that exhibits the fact that the conjectured 3DFA does not provide full-control.

some consistent DFA does not have the full-control property.


This property can be passed on transitively from rule to rule.

the analysis of rules in the presence of assumptions about the usage of target models can be used to eliminate tracing information.


[Drummond and Jefferson 1996] A Quick Guide to Writing a Solid Peer Review The article describes the process of peer review and gives an overview of how to review a paper.

the article suggests how to read a paper and which parts to focus on.


On the other hand, UML participants realized the same tasks changing the pointcut expression and also the advice of the aspect Boardtracing.

this means that the UML participants changed more frequently the existing source code when compared to the UML+ group.


s universal occupancy vectors, and shares some of the same limitations.

their system can at best contract one dimension of an array.


The control input is u(t)= K x(t) + uad (t), (25) where the adaptive input uad (t) partially cancels the uncertainty, and the nominal feedback K x stabilizes the system.

the feedback gain K ensures that Am = A0 + BK is Hurwitz and therefore there must ex- Rn×n ist two positive-de.nite matrices P , Q .


In order to model the list of partial applications as a normal homogeneous list, each partial application must be a generic function.

(we cannot record the types of the kids of x in the types of the partial applications.)


However, browsers do provide the technology needed to solve these problems.

webRTC provides a mechanism for direct communication between untrusted web applications.


While SEMINAL is currently ef.cient for certain large .les with certain errors, it is possible to creates .les that lead to several thousand attempted modi.cations.

(errors nested within large nested matches lead to too much wasted work in our current implementation.)


The plan on how to organize the specialized code can then be viewed as constructing a decision tree.

each internal node of the tree represents the specialization safety test SST~ guarding each specialization.


A user story was considered as being delivered when at least 50% of the acceptance tests that were associated with that user story pass.

the quality of the single user story is: #asserti(Pass) QLT Yi = (2) #asserti(Total) the metric represented the ratio of the passing assert statements from the acceptance test that was associated with that user story over all the assert statements that were associated with the same user story.


These properties are: 1) Customization: Characterizes a tool in terms of its configuration possibilities.

how the tool handles the selection of the available attacks, how they can be combined, or how they can be configured (e.g., to execute for a given amount of time, until a certain amount of invocations); 2) Ease of use: The tool should be intuitive and easy to use, even for users with scarce experience in security testing.


attributes) missing, a unique pair x * and y * can be calculated  Figure 1: Pseudocode for Roweis EM Algorithm such that ||C x - y|| is minimized.

missing values can be imputed by solving the least squares problem for ||C x - y = 0||.


The strong demand for multiprocessor energyef.cient scheduling is not only from server systems but also from the embedded systems, such as System-on-Chip systems.

power saving on the chip multiprocessor architecture received much attention recently, especially due to its applications to embedded systems.


CORE COMPONENT VARIABILITY Managing the commonality as well as the di.erences between distinct products realized through PLE certainly is one of the key challenges within PLE.

commonality refers to the di.erent artifacts shared by all members of the product lines, whereas variability describes how the di.erent products of the product line vary.


To that end, we further analyzed the 52 workarounds that we found in the bug-tracking repositories of Google Maps and YouTube (43 and 9, respectively).

we tried to distinguish between ad-hoc, hardly generalizable workarounds or workarounds that are simply not deployable at runtime, from more general workarounds that are amenable to a runtime deployment.


As a consequence, system failures and performance degradation can suddenly arise, directly impacting the global quality of the system.

the increased complexity will come with many new aspects that may greatly a.ect system quality and health, and will not be addressed by traditional software engineering best-practices: Transient faults: in complex systems, new faults (we refer to these faults as transient faults) can stem from unexpected interactions between independently developed devices and applications, unpredictable stress and interferences of the environment, or hardware aging.


Most interestingly, we found a correlation to structural and functional characteristics of calmodulin.

table 2 shows almost all residues to be either members of the .exible helices C, E, and F or involved in Ca2+ binding.


A solution to the matching problem is complementary and orthogonal to the work presented in this paper.

if a tool able to match send and receive operations is developed, it can be used prior to the optimizations described in this paper regardless of the approach used by the tool to provide the matching.


By implementing R as an object-oriented framework that is extended to support different computing platforms, we allow programmers to write polylingual programs using a uniform language notation without having to bother about peculiarities of each platform.

for Java we have separate extensions of the framework that allows Java pro-grams to manipulate C# objects, another extension to manipulate XML documents, etc.


Ef.ciency: the size of a pickle should be linear in the size of the represented value in memory.

cycles and all sharing have to be maintained.


and interval-based alarms: this library builds on these to support a wider variety of clock-based alarms that can be used in social research applications.

it allows an application to subscribe to an alarm that is instructed to .re N times, selected randomly with particular conditions (i.e., time between and daily bounds on alarms).


Background and Design Space We now explore the design space for reference counting implementations.

we explore strategies for: 1) storing the reference count, 2) maintaining an accurate count, and 3) dealing with cyclic data structures.


We believe that such analy- sis is needed to realistically bound the scalability limit in the next few technology generations.

power dissi- pation must be carefully minimized to avoid design points which on paper promise ever higher performance, yet un- der normal operating conditions, with commodity packag- ing and air cooling, only deliver a fraction of the theoretical peak performance.


The function vslice denotes a sub-vector.

plate classes for vectors and matrices residing on the GPU, which are mapped to Barracuda s VExp and MExp type constructors: template  class gpu_vector; template <class T> class gpu_matrix; the location of arrays in the generated code is explicit in the types, and the caller of the code is responsible for deciding when to copy between device memory and main memory, which is one of the most costly operations of CUDA programming.


In addition, the plugin is designed to include adapters for the integration with external veri.cation tools and with UML 2.0-compatible applications.

the ArchiTRIDENT plugin can be expanded with an array of adapters for the import/export of UML diagrams from/to external UML editors.


For the root scope, this yields an absolute path length from the start node.

we compute one iteration of a scope including all iterations of subscopes, then compute all iterations of the scope itself.


To simplify reasoning about dimension models, we require that any included cardinality constraints be consistent and minimal.

we disallow models with constraints that con.ict with one another, such as |c|= k and |c|= k +1, or that are mutually redundant, such as |c|= k and |c|= k+1.


(assignconcat 1 "(CO, (ALPHA(x!1), (ALPHA(x!1) + OMEGA(x!1))/2))" "(CO, ((ALPHA(x!1) + OMEGA(x!1))/2, OMEGA(x!1)))") Note that the above instantiation is validated by the PVS prover for its correctness.

we are required to show that two speci.ed intervals ful.ll the constraints of a concatenation.


The problem is that as the domain of the taxonomy changes also the taxonomy must be updated accordingly.

as new concepts emerge they must be included into the appropriate taxonomies.


However, new byte-addressable persistent memory technologies (BPRAM) eliminate many of the traditional differences between volatile and non-volatile storage.

technologies such as phase change memory and memristors are byte-addressable like DRAM, persistent like disk and .ash, and up to four orders of magnitude faster than disk or .ash for typical .le system I/O.


Namely, provided that we de.ne the subst{bt; t} operation to compute the result of substituting a closed term t for the .rst outer binder of the bterm bt, we can state that subst{bnd{x.t1[x]} ; t2} = t1[t2] (3) (where t1 and t2 are literal second-order variables).

we can state that the substitution operator subst and the implicit second-order substitution in the meta-meta- language are equivalent.


We limit the construction of conditions to use elements of inputs that are contained in the frame being parsed and all parent frames containing it.

an edge coming out of a node with index x[y] can have conditions that may use nodes x [y ] where x .


No restrictions on mappings were imposed when de.ning the order 1S.

1S can be used to compare mappings containing null values in source and target instances.


This simple transformation fully determines the semantics of components.

it makes obvious how dynamic type checking is performed for imports, and how acquisition of imported component is delegated to the component manager: every component receives the function import for acquiring its imports.


5.3.1 Social-Aware Cache Replacement In PSAR, a peer locally performs the cache replacement using not only the perceived video popularity, but also the local social factors.

the following information is used at peer i: (1) the local popularity which is the number of requests for video v received by peer i, denoted as piv;(2) the fraction of peer i s friends that can join the propagation tree of video v, denoted as fiv .


Sequence Diagram for the Room Rental For this particular domain, we chose two quality characteristics to be considered: Operability and Maintainability.

we used one sub-characteristic of operability: appropriateness recognizability [4].


By keeping their separation, App Server and XUIB Server may adopt different server side technologies without interfering with each other.

any Web application may adopt XUIB/Html as long as it executes Html and JavaScript on its client browser no matter what server technology it adopts.


This level of granularity is needed for our example, as people should be redirected to a WaitHere place before preventing access to the building, in case it is at full capacity.

moveToWaitingLine should always be executed before preventEntrance.


CASE STUDIES The Monaco system has been validated using a set of typical scenarios, starting from simple machines to small manufacturing cells.

we have reimplemented two existing automation solutions from our industrial partner, both currently implemented with the IEC-61131-3 languages Structured Text and Sequential Function Charts.


In this paper, we study the following question: can we ensure strict disjoint-access-parallelism and obstruction freedom if we weaken safety?

is serializability indeed a major factor against strong parallelism?


In this paper, we present an extension of the guided exploration tools proposed in [12].

we describe a method for determining a good camera position for time-invariant scenes.


This CONCURRIT test script expresses the programmer s knowledge about the bug formally and concisely.

the test script describes a set of potentially-problematic thread schedules among which the programmer intends to search for the target, buggy interleaving.


When one page is allocated for an over.owing stack in a task T, the upper limit for that task is reduced by the page size.

in e.ect, the available stack size in task T is reduced by the size of the page, until the over.owing stack remains in task T. To recede the over.ow pointer, run-time checks are inserted by the compiler at the exit of every procedure.


1 One way to avoid introducing forwarding pointers is to delay oper-2 ations that create them until a local garbage collection is triggered.

3 rather than executing a store operation that would 4 trigger lifting a thread local object to the shared heap, we can sim-5 ply procrastinate, thereby stalling the thread that needs to perform  6 the store.


, Y r ' by m routing packets from the source to the destination; nodes outside linearly combining the incoming packets.

yi r = m j=1 hr ij Xj r , the routing pipe simply discard all incoming packets.


States and Transitions: Conceptually, this pa attern is concerned with tying two state machines together by defefining shared transitions.

correspondence is s established between a transition in the state machine repr resenting one participant s process and a related transition tthat should take place simultaneously in the other participant s state machine.


In Figure 1, we use ci to denote the subscription criterion of user i.

user i wants all events and only those events that satisfy ci.


In all other cases, PDVS saves more energy than other DVS techniques.

compared to the uniform and reclamation DVS techniques, PDVS reduces the total energy by 2.6% to 10.4%.


(vi) Visualization The properties determined by the EC system should be shown to users by means of e.ective visualizations techniques.

an EC interface must entail three components: (a) a canvas in which datasets are visualized; (b) widgets where the classi.cation taxonomy and the properties of current sets are shown and through which selections are performed; (c) an operation panel with additional utilities.


Thus, the throughputs of all Web servers are bounded by the disk speed.

the throughput is not scalable as the number of PEs increases.


While in DSL, the requirement for including keywords to .nd a path between the sender and the recipient prevents a spammer from sending messages to other nodes without appropriate knowledge about the possible keyword and path combinations to reach the recipient.

a sender has to choose the correct keywords and links to establish a routable path, which varies from di.erent starting and ending nodes.


This leads to new classes of design errors, since adaptation has become an increasingly complex part of the systems behavior.

as adaptations often continuously trigger further adaptations in other components, inconsistent and unstable con.gurations may be reached.


Both approaches seem potentially useful (and potentially fast enough), perhaps at different points in the design process.

checking SSNI may help .nd invariants that will also be needed for a formal proof.


Our all-query-pattern-uses criterion is significantly better than random testing in all experimented cases.

for the 2nd faulty program suite, the effectiveness of all-chore-query-patternuses is above 75%, whereas that of random testing (max-size) is lower than 25%.


Thus, it allows the same .exibility with respect to derivative seeding to compute selected derivatives, chain derivatives, or exploit derivative sparsity that is described in these references.

we use the forward mode overall at the level of statements but use the reverse mode within an assignment statement.


This complexity can be characterized in terms of the sizes of the collections (e.g., sets of alternatives) involved in the computation.

the complexity is heavily dependent on the kinds of operations and their usage patterns in the expression.


INTRODUCTION Virtual Worlds (VWs) provide a means for learners to engage in experiential learning and inquiry based learning.

when a VW is embedded with instructional content they become a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) that can support a constructivist approach for learning that engages users in active participation and management of the learning process.


o Is the specialization specific enough to be meaningful?


The speci.cations considered in this paper are an intersection of a safety speci.cation and a liveness speci.cation [1,13].

we concentrate on a special case where the speci.cation is the intersection of (1) timing independent safety characterized by a set of bad instantaneous transitions (denoted SPEC bt), (2) timing dependent safety characterized by a set of stable bounded response properties (denoted SPEC br ), and (3) liveness.


However, expanders share the identity of the objects they expand, while dependent classes construct new objects, which can have a many-to-one relationship with their parameter objects.

by using dependent classes one can create multiple adapter instances of the same type for the same adaptee.


2; and L1 becomes: L1 no computation = aI + eI + DI + .i (7) With Cp =0, L0 is guaranteed to be strictly less than L1, as shown by the following equation: L0 no computation = aI + eI + max(DI ,.i) (8) The currently known message scheduling strive to overlap communication with computation; but they don t push the optimizations to the extent of reaching the latency model expressed by L0.

mVAPICH and OpenMPI, which are the two major freely available MPI implementations over commodity RDMA-enabled networks do not o.er a design compatible with Eq.


Afterinserting thesetwo .lters,thetotal numberoffalse positives reported was 27.Of these, 22 are related to unexpectedinteractionsbetween theframeworkand the application.

some requests took a longer amount of time to complete, which in turn caused an execution timeoutin ourframeworkto expire.In other casesfalsepositives were caused by non-determinism in the reply that we had not caught(e.g., calls tothe currenttime or random number generation).


This is due to the annotative approach imposed by AJCSP.

by using AJCSP, we still have the scattering e.ect of the crosscutting concern concurrency.


When direct mappings between event parameters and operation parameters are impossible, additional mappings and transformations can be specified inside event listeners.

inline or external XSLT style sheets may be specified in the event listeners to define data transformation logics for mapping the event parameters to operation parameters.


The number of cGA iterations were roughly halved as the problem size increased.

with 220 variables, we used 6 million cGA iterations for the vectorized implementation, and with 221 variables we used 3 million cGA iterations.


Then SummaryEFopt(1, u, v) holds if and only if u is an entry of a procedure that is reachable in P and v is a state in the same procedure reachable from the entry u using a run that returns from all calls.

summaryEFopt(1, u, v) holds when u is an entry of main iff v is a state of main that is reachable in P .


Additionally, the SLA of each tenant plays significant role in the degree of satisfaction.

if a tenant asks for adding requirements that he/she cannot have due his/her SLA, then the release plan will achieve low level of satisfaction for that particular tenant.


Here the receiver of the packet may or may not be the packet s .nal destination.

it can be a wireless router that is oblivious to how the application will eventually use/recover the partial packet.


UpdateTail may be invoked (by the environment) at any time, so NFQ1 is e.ectively more non-deterministic than NFQ.


In con- trast to [12], our state machines may be non-deterministic.

the side-effect and output value of a specific action may not be the same each time we execute it, even if we execute it in the same initial state.


The last example shows that, even if (., R1) .= and (., R2) .=, the union (., R1 .R2) does not always belong to =.

one should not confuse two di.erent implementations of an abstract type, even if each of them is correct in itself.


CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The tool RTComposer addresses the need of real-time developers to deliver software components that can be safely integrated with other applications.

the tool provides means for developing real-time applications in Java, a programming language commonly used for multi-platform integrated applications.


CAPPLES is designed primarily to predict the performance of the target system.


We describe pattern-matching compilation that turns the case statements in Beluga programs into a decision tree as is usually done with ML patterns.

we extend ML-style pattern matching compilation to the more general case of Beluga s patterns, that can match on contexts, open terms, and .abstractions.


Understanding Java involves a somewhat different set of issues than we had been addressing.

our previous efforts had not tackled the problem of multithreaded computations (the lack of a standard threading model for C++ made this difficult), and they paid a lot of attention to memory allocations; our work for Java has emphasized threading and takes a very different view of how memory is uti- lized.


SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK We will extend our implementation of the Bulk Transfer Service with additional functionality for policy-driven data placement and reliable distribution.

we plan to work with a variety of application communities, to understand their data placement requirements and implement corresponding policies in the data placement service.


7 can be compiled independently of those in 1This recipe has been around for a while.

the .rst author had posted this recipe to haskell.org and comp.compilers previously [33].


A comprehensive review for search-based software engineering (SBSE) is available in [5], where search techniques are well described with applications to a variety of software engineering problems.

harman listed a set of potential objectives used for multi-objective test optimization in regression testing [29], which have been studied in the existing literature (e.g., execution time and fault detection capability) [20].


VM-based slack emulation potentially sacri.ces .exibility in what systems it can evaluate.

emulation works best when the system being emulated is relatively similar to the system on which the emulation is running.


In interval A, the fault-detection rate of every criterion is below 0.2 as a result of the very low failure rate (average 0.0007).

the effectiveness of all-uses drops most rapidly in interval A to become the lowest among all criteria.


Fromtheselines,itisclearthatthe TC+Otechnique outperforms all other techniques.

note that, for any percentage n between 0% and 100%, TC+O localizes more faults than any of the other algorithms when up to n% of all statements are examinedindecreasing order of suspiciousness.


Therefore, we must maximize CRR, but without generating too many clusters.

based on this recommendation, a simple rule of thumb to determine the value of k is the following: (a) run the clustering algorithm with several values of k; (b) plot the respective CRR values, which will result in a monotonically increasing function towards the value 1; (c) supposing the last signi.cant rise in this graph happens from k - 1 to k, the recommended value for the number of clusters is k. after this value, increasing k will not result in signi.cant gains in terms of CRR [16].


This last property is an especially discriminating characteristic of patterns, allowing them to give rise to different implementations of the same design solution.

patterns are an opportunity to bring together a UI design solution and a software implementation solution in the same place.


This transition can result in changing the status of interaction b.

until component B completes its local execution and sends a new o.er, the status of enabled ports and values of variables in B can change.


2.2 Re.nement of design The re.nement relation between designs with the same alpha def bet is de.ned as logical implication.

let D1 = p1 f R1 and def D2 = p2 f R2betwodesignsover the alphabet a, D2 isa re.nement of D1, denoted by D1 .


In KALA, the programmer declaratively states the transactional properties of a Java method in one block of statements, using the constructs provided by the ACTA formalism.

in KALA, dependencies, views, and delegation of a given transaction are de.ned through declarations made for the corresponding method.


The .ve others algorithms also take into account obstacles in the world and attempt to leverage the fact that a player does not need to be updated about objects that are occluded.

we introduce scalable visibility-based and reachability-based interest management algorithms that use a triangulation of the world space as its base structure.


The object type p is < g e t : f l o a t , m o v e : f l o a t -> u n i t > and the object type ap is < g e t : f l o a t , o f f s e t : i n t , m o v e : i n t -> u n i t > OCaml uses structural subtyping to relate object types.

an object type s is a subtype of an object type t iff (1) s has all the methods of t and (2) for each method m of t, the type of m in s is a subtype of the type of m in t. Method subtyping is de.ned as expected.


That is to say, it must ensure that the implemented components do not communicate between themselves in ways that violate the intended control .ow rules of the architecture.

two components can communicate only if a communication channel has been formally de.ned between them, there are no hidden communication channels.


In contrast, we share base code elements that are wrapped by a feature implementation using passages and introduce alternative paths in the AST using passages and their guards.

a passage with corresponding passage guards is always introduced at the beginning of such a wrapper (alternative paths), while a passage that merely shares an AST element (or introduces additional alternative paths) is always introduced at the end of the wrapper.


A rela- This example shows the limit of type inference, which is actually tion R on programs preserves typings whenever it is a sub-relation the strength of our system!

to maintain principal types by rejecting examples where type inference would need to guess second-order types.


Given a set of forbidden tuples F , a given t-set encoded as a boolean formula, s, is F -consistent if ^ ^ ( ft) .

( .f ) .. s t.F f.F act if the conjunction of forbidden tuples and the at least constraints do not imply a t-set, then it is F -consistent.


They unavoidable tangle object and integration concerns, causing major problems for the design, development, and evolution of integrated sy~ms.

they showed that integration is aspect for standard OO languages.


In the following, given an object X of [(SA)op, SetA] and an element a of A, we denote by X a the functor which gives the set of terms of type a for any context.

x a is the functor in [(SA)op, Set] that sends c to (X c)a.


In future work, we plan to investigate this phenomenon in other development contexts.

studying how developers use Google Code s approach with simple labels and key-value labels will lead to new insights with regard to task organization.


The SLP-CF versions of Chroma, Sobel,and EPIC-unquantizeall effectively exploit the parallelism available in these kernels, yielding speedups of more than 6.21X.

the 15.07 speedup on Chroma is because the data type size of the operands is 8 bits, which results in 16 operations on 8-bit objects per superword operation.


Context fusion means that the current context value of an application context dimension depends on the current context values of several implementation context dimensions.

the context value of each implementation context dimension contributes to the context value of the application context dimension.


The behaviors in question are often limited to sequences of system calls or library calls.

dean and Wagner describe an intrusion-detection technique that relies on a program s static CFG to achieve a high degree of automation, protection against a broad class of attacks based on corrupted code, and the elimination of false alarms at the system-call level [58].


Actually, independent of JIR, this is already the case.

java 5 compilers sometimes add extra methods, called bridge methods, to help deal with issues that arise due to type erasure in bytecode.


Furthermore, engines typically are members of a whole engine series, and all members of a certain series share some characteristics such as their maximum speed, so we can again reuse the corresponding transformation rules.

the engine family is a categorization of engines.


Alternatively, the outcome produced by the two different groups could present some differences, and it is possible to assume that the cultural identity of each workgroup has influenced the disparate outcomes.

the similarities could be considered a consequence of the method s consistency and the differences could be classified as cultural weakness.


They use the DR to reduce the complexity contained in a software design.

dR essentially serve the perception and understanding of a given design [8, 11, 12, 15, 20, 25, 33, 39].


In this paper we present a novel approach to the classification of images depicting objects in a category using the odd-man-out principle of visual categorization.

we build a model of an object category by noting discriminative features that are commonly observed across the member images of the class.


The leader election problem is closely related to the mutual exclusion problem [11], and leader election may be regarded as one-shot mutual exclusion [12].

any algorithm that solves mutual exclusion also solves leader election.


The owned assignments are executed while the rest of them are simply skipped.

the reduction/s in the f A init next f A A init n~xt i~t t2 A p i-, (a) (b) Figure 2: Graphical depiction for the irregular data access to the reduction array (a), and the write data affinity-based access to it by usin9 the loop-index prefetchin9 data struc- ture (~ threads are assumed) (b) histogram loop is (are) guarded by a conditional.


For example, within the same class C, one .eld may save most from bit-width reduction, another .eld may save most from dominant-value hashing.

the maximal hybrid uses the technique that saves the maximum amount of memory for each particular .eld f of class C. Savings are: maxFieldSavings(C) = max savings(C, f, o) o.FieldOpts f.Fields(C) we sum the savings from each .eld f when using the optimization o with maximum savings for that .eld.


Since Web applications interact with users behind browsers and act according to user input, such interfaces must have the ability to mimic both the browser and the user.

the interface must process content that is meant to be rendered by browsers and later interpreted by humans.


We do not claim that this encoding will solve all of the problems with programming using higher-order abstract syntax.

algorithms that require the explicit manipulation of the names of bound variables remain outside the scope of this implementation technique.


As we can see, LAT again outperforms Binomial and Flat for both throughput and response time.

the throughput differences between LAT and the other two schemes become more evident than the results in a homogeneous setting (Figure 14).


This is because our analyses detect that parent is a derived .eld.

given any reachable node in a tree, there is exactly one possible value of parent that satis.es the invariant.


(14) Here R must be 1, determined by the structure of the register .le.

the lifetimes of a variable from successive loop iterations appear in successive registers.


Also the domain of a witness type W is not the entire RegIDs set but only some subset of it.

a witness type W is a partial function from RegIDs to rational number variables.


TDE/UML supports the generation of test cases based on UML models such as Activity and Sequence diagrams.

it supports: 1) model design and importing; 2) model verification based on a set of extensible rules; 3) test generation, where a set of abstract test procedures and steps are created; and 4) code generation, where languagespecific plug-ins are used to convert the abstract test model into executable code.


5.2 Space Consumption We also compared NET and path profile based prediction with respect to their space utilization.

we measured the amount of counter space needed by the two schemes.


Due to the generic configuration of those thresholds, the devices fire for the same critical values regardless of patient condition, demographics, and alarm history.

the monitoring middleware typically does not distinguish between: .


We carried out the study reported here in the framework of the QualiPSo project [3], which is funded by the European Union in the 6th Framework Program.

qualiPSo involved the collection of a large amount of subjective user evaluations of OSS products qualities, the measurement of the code of such products, and the analysis of the collected data.


In our case studies, for example, the co-change graphs have densities ranging from 2% (Geronimo and Lucene) to 4% (Eclipse JDT Core).

in traditional clustering algorithms, like K-Means [22], the mapping of data items to clusters is a total function, i.e., each data item is allocated to a speci.c cluster.


While we do not claim that API is the only additional factor needed to improve contention management, we Figure 2: Normalized performance (MPI, API, IPC, and running-time) of use it to demonstrate thatFACT can be effectively used for model mcf with different co-runners Based on this observation, researchers proposed schedulers that separate memory-intensive threads on different core groups[4,5, 6, 25].

these schedulers combine threads in a way that minimizes total contention.


We use the established clone detection tool CCFinder2 [24] to obtain the code clones for the respective product lines.

we make the following contributions: We perform a conceptual analysis of code clones in FOP.


This paper examines an object-oriented, application framework called EXPRESS.

it explores the experiences of the project team presented as 13 lessons learned in the context of software engineering.


We then describe in detail the metrics we have developed which attempt to address some of the limitations of existing metrics.

we consider both the strength and transitivity of dependencies.


Our stance is perhaps the opposite, insofar we consider that the very act of observation to be what distinguishes events from messages.

our concern stems from the realization that on the wire, there is little discernable difference between a messaging protocol and an event-notification protocol.


test a small set of functions at a time and run it from the service layer all the way to the database.


In bag patterns, the stricter rule that all children are disjoint suf.ces even in the face of star patterns.

for example, the pattern #readings[*#info(#temp[int]), *#info(#humidity[int])] is not legal, because the children of #readings overlap on values of type #info(#temp[int],#humidity[int]) if the #readings tree begins with a child with the above type, it is unclear whether this child should be matched against *#info(#id[int]), or instead against #info(#temp[int]).


The con.guration of this logger can be optimized dynamically in order to maximize the satisfaction of the user.

the component Logger Composition is made of three components Receive, Handle,and Store, which have one, three, and two alternativecon.gurations,respectively.


It therefore gives an upper bound on the amount of inlining possible in typical programs, even if a perfectly precise compiler analysis were used.

our aim is to determine the potential usefulness of object inlining optimizations for typical Java programs.


Our results extend some previous .ndings about metrics correlated to bugs, like Loc and Fan-out.

we extended the use of SNA metrics to Java software networks.


The translation of a concept C into a role RC is quite straightforward.

the role kind is determined by the element kind of the objects included in the extent XC of C. we create a class role if the concept describes classes, a method role for methods, and so on.


One last, not very well documented, detail is that when a process terminates due to an exception, and the exception was not caused by a call to exit(Term), this event will be reported by the Erlang runtime system to the error logger service.

(as long as a process terminates normally, or through a call to exit, it is considered a normal event from the runtime system s point of view.)


Each of the three tasks was assigned to an equal number (16) of subjects, and each technique was used on each task in equal numbers i.e., each task was answered with each tool eight times.

every combination of treatment techniques, task, and task order was performed in equal numbers.


While context bounding has been very successful, it also has important limitations.

it restricts the number of communications between threads.


It is a logical computation graph that is automatically mapped onto physical resources by the runtime.

there may be many more vertices in the graph than execution cores in the computing cluster.


The quiescent states of the receiver are identi.ed by the adapt transition of the receiver.

after .ring the decodeInput transition and before .ring the decodeBu.er transition, and when the upcoming input packet is encoded by the target encoder .


We require that each constraint is in quadratic form (§4).

constraint j has the form pj,A(W)·pj,B(W) = pj,C(W), where pj,A, pj,B, and pj,C are degree-1 polynomials over W. Now, for variable Wi (which will be a member of X, Y, or Z), let ai,j be the coef.cient of Wi in pj,A.


However, power may shift to vendor after long term outsourcing work to a particular vendor when the renegotiation is required.

if it is complete information case, vendor will be powerful enough to dominate the renegotiation cycle.


Roberts [23] states that the standard implementation of Java "forces introductory students to assimilate too much information too fast, making it difficult for many students to understand the critical conceptual issues involved in programming and algorithmic design".

the shift of paradigm causes a shift of emphasis, too much technical details instead of programming principles.


The translation process is split into four independent steps such that, in each of the steps, there is no interference between the rules to be applied.

each rule will neither trigger nor block the application of any other rule from the same rewrite set.


Then, because of the faulty statement in line 51 of the program, the content of the database at the end of execution will be: Africa , America , Asia , Antarctica .

the last and second last elements of the program array entries (i.e., entries[2] and entries[3]) are reversed.


A concept is a set of requirements on a type or group of types.

concepts can in general be treated as arbitrary containers of requirements;this paper adds two new kinds of requirements into concepts, as is shown in Section 3.1.Atype (or group of types) is said to model a concept when it satis.es the requirementsin the concept.Ageneric algorithmisa function that can operateonavarietyoftypes.itis parametrically polymorphic: it has slots for input types, and these type parameters are used within the function.Forexample,a generic algorithm sum that computes the sum of a sequence of objects using iterators might have one type parameter Iterator, and two parameters begin and end of type Iterator: template  requires InputIterator // and more InputIterator::value type sum(Iterator begin, Iterator end) { InputIterator::value type s = 0; for (; begin != end; ++begin) { s += *begin; } return s; } Not all types can be used in generic functions, though; thus, concepts are used to constrain the input types.


We found that the values of RuCDep for the different runs were 100% correlated with each other.

ruCDep for run1 had a coefficient value of 1 when correlated with RuCDep for run2.


For instance, when explaining how to perform everyday tasks such as table editing, the designer s message says that: Word now offers drag-and-drop copying of tables.

the designer communicates that the direct manipulation style for table editing is a bonus for (some?


This means that various implementation alternatives can be considered for the roles Logging and Logger.

the alternative implementations of the role Logging can re.ect different AOP technologies to use to weave the concern (e.g., load-time Vs. run-time weaving).


This speci.cation is purely declarative: it does not indicate how the application realizes the intended functionality, but what the functionality is in terms of FracL core entities and primitives.

properties that the update operation must ful.ll constitute its speci.cation.


The expressiveness of protean operators equivalent to Parsing Expression Grammar (PEG) [3].

any syntax extension described in PEG can be expressed by protean operators.


CONCLUDING REMARKS In this paper, we have re.ned our approach for modelbased security engineering.

we present a technique for asset elicitation applied to a system model.


The issues include how a developer starts from a novice and becomes an expert, how she grows her expertise, and what kind of expertise she has to master (and in what order) to become central [29].

it s interesting to investigate how developers proceed from the role of a newcomer to the role of a core team member in the OSS projects, since there is an absence of a hierarchical organization, training plan, and a centralized environment for people to be nurtured.


For example under the following program class D{int f; D(int f){this.f=f;}} class C{D f; C(D f){this.f=f;}} we can write the following expression: C x=new C(new D(80)); C y=x; x.f=new D(y.f.f+8); y.f 1An interesting exception is [16], see Section 6.

2the execution model of most languages rely on concepts that are absent from the source code itself, often called run-time expressions.


4.1 Case description The case study company, NSN, specializes in mobile telecommunication network products.

this case study focuses on IP-BTS, which was a product line for base stations in 3G All-IP radio access networks (Figure 1).


During our experiments, we measured noticeabledi.erencesfor thequality of the .nal results,depending ontheordering inwhich a.nities with equal weights are considered.

we veri.ed that guiding this ordering, using for example the program structure and simple considerations such as a lexicographic order, provides better results in average.


N. Base case: Say, the length of the run is zero.


With the advent of multicore systems, we envision that some cores could be dedicated to performing software quality tasks as part of extended language runtime.

it will enable checking properties that have been traditionally considered too expensive even for debugging scenarios.


In this paper, we extend our work presented in [21] towards applying existing variability modeling techniques for managing variability within Core Components.

we address the following three distinct challenges throughout this paper.


The importance of hot paths arises from the empirical observation that most or all of the execution time of a typical program is spent along a small percentage of program paths.

certain sequences of instructions tend to repeat often.


For that reason, ViMer only stores variable binding information for the nodes in the currently-live branch, discarding this information as execution proceeds.

the only variable bindings whose value is automatically available are those that are currently live (i.e.


our methods do a fairly good job as compared to the manual insertion of cut operators.


P that must be considered is potentially exponential in the size of P , but in practice the space can be signi.cantly pruned through memoizing.

if any subset S has an empty intersection, then no supersets of S need be considered further.


These research efforts can be divided into two main directions: process-centric EUD and data-centric EUD.

two basic sub-domains are addressed: (i) end-user driven business process composition and management as well as (ii) end-user driven composition of datacentric and analytic applications.


How do we extract di.erences between the two?

can we reuse our Pmtbdd representation of a policy for performing this analysis?


When path effect = -1, the object reputation will be maintained.

the e.ect of this path is to make high object reputation become higher and low object reputation become lower.


In order to successfully evolve large-scale systems it is essential to understand their architecture before delving into details of the implementation, which is a time and e.ort consuming activity.

large amounts of data (e.g., several millions lines of code) have to be analysed and abstracted to an architectural level and important information is often hidden among irrelevant data.


An extension that required all this to be re-engineered would be a nonstarter, and it is here that the simplicity of our GADT inference algorithm pays off.

we have successfully extended GHC to support both GADTs and impredicative polymorphism (described in a companion paper in this volume [22]), without undesirable interactions with each other, or with existing features.


Nevertheless this is not enough, in fact compounds with putative pharmacological value have not only to show a good target binding, but also have to reach the target in vivo.

it is necessary that compounds follow the appropriate way into the human body Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.


One way we seek to solve this problem is by using both Parallaxis and MPI, because exclusive use of either results in an incomplete course.

parallaxis lets students experiment with different connection topologies, and mapping parallel algorithms onto specific topologies, but they do not experience the speedup of parallelism.


Furthermore, only de.ned variables can be used, and only used variables can be recursive.

for an arbitrary mdo-expression, we have: Recursive Variables .


The collected results show that plain EJB invocation over RMI/IIOP and EJB invocation mediated by our reconfiguration framework are comparable (constantly above 10ms).

the average overhead of the reconfiguration infrastructure tends to be negligible and constant across a number of subsequent invocations.


At the end of the matching process we have all the possible matchings, found by inverting all the production paths identi.ed as valid.

in the example we can .nd two possible matchings of our blueprint and consequentially of our join points.


The variability determination mechanism is included in such a speci.cation in order to grant con.guration capabilities to the system.

the system assists the application designer in recording decisions and entering directives, such as preparing and putting a feature to use within a page.


For example, t7 involves L = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) in the body of serach, whereas t6 involves L = (1, 2, 1, 2) which is of the same length as L in t2.

the basis of Convergence Debugging is that looking at the di.erences between the test cases in T " is better for isolating the fault in search than T "" .


First, we want to demonstrate that simultaneous scheduling of CPU/link voltages is critical for achieving the maximum energy savings.

.rst scaling voltages of the CPUs and then (considering the remaining slack) scaling voltages of the links (or vice versa) does not lead to maximum savings.


The owners of every object satisfy the owner constraints speci.ed in object s class.

the runtime owners h[o].g1, ..,h[o].gn of an object o satisfy the constraints declared in its class de.nition.


The architecture we deploy in this paper, is very similar to that presented in [11].

to achieve independence from the voting machine we shift the audit mechanism to the VMM level.


In fact, among the objects that have ever been decompressed, an overwhelming majority (82.5%) have been decompressed only once.

after they have been compressed, they have been decompressed only once, and subsequently (after, possibly, several accesses), they have become garbage.


The vulnerabilities of this type are recurring due to the reuse of source code.

a code fragment in one system has some undetected .aws and is reused in another system.


All other access to receiver class members is prohibited.

an external method does not have access to the private members of its receiver class.


3.3.1 Step I: Decoupling the Commonalities from theVariabilities In GReAT, we supported the constraint speci.cation notation by exploiting the C++ code embedding feature (see Attribute Mapping block feature in Figure 5).

we use C++ comments within the embedded code as a means to capture variability.


Researchers have developed several approaches to address these challenges.

much work has focused on test case generation from improved service interfaces (i.e., more precise behavioral speci.cations) [24, 25, 27], and on the detection of inconsistencies between a service interface description and its behavior [13].


Many distributed memory scienti.c applications depend heavily on message passing libraries (MPI or GasNET) for inter-processor communication.

bulk synchronous applications are very sensitive to messaging latency and bandwidth.


A plethora of different mobile devices are available, which operate on different platforms and have support for various application environments.

the smart phone market has grown rapidly resulting in the increased availability of highend mobile phones, of which Nokia holds the greatest share (52.9%) [5].


A device enters into the idle mode when the associated tasks are activated, and consumes the active mode power only when it is accessed.

when a task execution time is lengthened due to a lowered clock speed, associated devices consume more energy in their idle mode but the energy consumption in their active mode is not changed.


Works in [17, 7] present lists of sources of uncertainties.

[17] explains the changes that uncertainties should entail in the development of software systems and it presents an enumeration of current research challenges to deal with these uncertainty.


Second, with respect to the construct of translation adequacy, two of the researchers (one for each side) acted as raters.

the Italian rater evaluated the utterances for the two language pairs IT->EN and PT->IT, whereas the Brazilian researcher rated the utterances from the two language pairs PT>EN and IT->PT.


Our methods are more powerful, however, in that they deduce the stages automatically and have direct knowledge of the resources used by each stage, thus enabling .ner-grained dynamic scheduling decisions.

we use this automated scheduling to provide admission control and to improve response time.


In a sound clustering, all machines in a cluster behave identically with respect to an upgrade, as with ideal clustering, but there may be multiple clusters with the same behavior.

multiple clusters may exhibit correct behavior or the same incorrect behavior.


It would also be helpful to have already seen a .-interpreter written in a functional language [20, 31, 35, 39].

we make use of Strachey s notions of expressible values, i.e., the values obtained by evaluating an expression, and denotable values, i.e., the values denoted by identi.ers [38].


Pf, is called access control function veri.cation.

if we can determine that (M,f) satis.es Pf, it means the access control functional property Pf is held on the access control model speci.cation Sf.


We represent the input sentence and productions as tables in i3QL: val sentence : Table[Token] val terminals : Table[Terminal] val rules : Table[Rule]  Users can add, remove, and update any of the three tables.

they can trigger updates for changes to the input sentence: sentence += Token( ideas , 5) sentence.update(Token( sleep , 3), Token( green , 3)) sentence -= Token( colorless , 0)  5.2 Chart Parsing Before we de.ne the incremental parser, we brie.y describe chart parsing [21], which is the underlying approach our parser uses.


Therefore, b can be changed between such local iterations.

b may modify b after 2 .rings (as speci.ed by the b@2 annotation) and may do so freq (b) = p times during the iteration.


Hence, compiler optimizers work with suf.cient conditions such as that of non-negative dependence components: this was from the pioneering works of Irigoin and Triolet [17] and a large amount of literature on the validity of tiling relates to or derives from it [37, 25, 20, 1, 5].

the condition involves checking if all components corresponding to (yet unsatis.ed) dependences are non-negative for the set of contiguous loop nest dimensions that are being tiled.


Because the compiler optimizations targeting these two patterns have different objectives and requirements, we have designed two distinct cache structures that best respond to these distinct access patterns and optimization requirements.

our design includes: (1) a high-locality cache with a variable configuration, lines that can be pinned, and a sophisticated eager write-back mechanism; and (2) a transaction cache with fast, fully associative lookup, short lines, and an efficient write-through policy.


Equation 4 accounts for the unsuccessful CCA1.

asconsideredinequation4,when anunsuccessful CCA1 occurs withprobability a, the backo.


Static AOP mechanism: Although AOP mechanism similar to the inter-type declarations in AspectJ would be useful, they should be carefully designed because functional programs usually represent structured data by using variant types, whereas objectoriented programs do by using classes.

the intertype declarations in AspectJ relies on the type compatibility of classes with additional instance variables and methods, which is not guaranteed for the variant types.


To be able to extract meaningful information about the program behavior from the raw data and exploit their potential, we need suitable data-mining and visualization techniques.

visualization techniques can be very effective in transforming program-execution data into visual information that can be explored and easily understood [6, 8].


However, we need to identify syntactic characteristics of a program before detection predicates can be identi.ed.

since a detector is used to ensure that the execution of an action is safe, its witness predicate must be used by the fault-tolerant program.


2.2 Extension inside Group As discussed elsewhere [13, 25], it is reasonable to expect members of a class to extend another class.

it would be useful to allow a member class to extend from another in the same group to express the so-called expression example [25, 31], as in Figure 1.


The bulk of these changes, almost 1600 lines, relate to checkpoint management and generation.

we add about 730 lines to include additional state in checkpoints.


We demonstrate the performance and scalability of this scheme by applying it to startup Charm++ applications.

starting up a Charm++ program on 16,384 cores ofRanger(atTACC) withEthernet as the underlying communication layer takes only 25 seconds and attains a speedup of over 400% compared to MPICH2 startup (using hydra as process manager) and over 800% compared to Open MPI startup on Ranger.


Papers [6, 7] present a practical approach for the dependability benchmarking and evaluation of the robustness of Web Services.

the authors of paper [7] describe a set 1 W3C, Web Services Description Language.


The block distance between two accesses ax and ay, where t(ay) < t(ax), is the number of distinct memory blocks that can be mapped to the same set of cache blocks as x and accessed during time period [t(ay),t(ax)-1].

when t(ay) = t(a-), x dis(ay, ax) is referred to as the block reuse distance of ax.


Inspired by recent work [13, 14], we answer Question 1 by analyzing 43 software product lines taken from different domains, size, and languages (C and Java).

we built a tool based on [13] to compute data with respect to preprocessor usage and feature dependencies.


Finally, when ti has tried to help all other threads with a phase number not larger than it has, it can safely return the execution to the caller of the (dequeue or enqueue) operation.

ti can be con.dent that its own operation on the queue has been completed either by ti or by some other concurrently running and helping thread.


A model (speci.cation) is inconsistent, if it is contradictory in itself and, thus, no valid 978-3-9810801-8-6/DATE12/ c @2012 EDAA system state (instantiation) can be generated.


For all applications we examined, our new algorithm achieves real-time behavior with less memory than the copying algorithm.

our algorithm shows real-time behavior with relative heap sizes as little as 200% for some applications, whereas the copying algorithm hardly allowstoexecute applications within this size.


Although there are large amount of work on embeddings for various topologies, we found relatively few techniques for ef.cient/scalable embeddings among three-dimensional grids/tori.

techniques based on graphpartitioning and/or searching would .nd fairly good embeddings for different topologies, they are hard to be parallelized and scalable [12; 20; 6].


being [12] J. M. Hellerstein, M. J. Franklin, S. Chandrasekaran, able to customize the scheduler such that it can take account A. Deshpande, K. Hildrum, S. Madden, V. Raman, of synopses of the content of messages allows the application and M. A. Shah.


Software: Design tools and techniques: UIs  INTRODUCTION This paper advances the optimization of text entry methods for human performance.

we look at the letter assignment problem, or the problem of keyboard layouts.


illustrate the benefit in terms of improvement in probability of success.

projects with high uncertainty should gain more benefit (in terms of probability of success: p) from portfolio management than projects with low uncertainty, or ratioh should be more than ratiol, as shown in table 1.


We instrumented the transaction component of JBoss-AS using JBoss-AOP and generated traces by running the test suite that comes with the JBoss-AS distribution.

we ran a set of transaction manager regression tests of JBoss-AS.


Strings are almost always implemented as fixed length arrays of characters, which are not ideal for some of the most common string operations.

concatenation and substring selection are common operations that strings perform slowly in traditional implementations because they require that large portions of the array be copied.


However, compared to FTS and our tagged graph representation, the variability in these systems is quite unstructured since there is no corresponding feature model or decision structure.

all variational transitions are considered independent of one another.


PRO B L E M FO R M U L AT I O N Designing complex systems is a nontrivial task where errors can easily arise.

the application of additional constraints for re.nement purposes is crucial.


Instead, the new thread may safely reuse a descriptor root expiring the notexpired and collecting the expired descriptors of the previous thread exactly from where they were left off.

the new thread advances the root s thread-local time from where it was left off.


In deploying Mirage, we made the early decision to base the system on a repeated combinatorial auction known not to be strategyproof.

self-interested users could attempt to increase their personal gain, at the expense of others, by not revealing their true value to the system.


A01-Post => A02-Pre (PO1)  The guard strengthening (PO2) ensures that the concrete guard is stronger than the abstract one.

it is not possible to have the concrete version enabled whereas the abstract one would not.


This allows distinguishing different types of errors from unexpected behavior.

given an invariant .. and its refinement into ..v, ,..n (which means that by definition ..v, ..n ...), we can distinguish 4 different cases: (1) All ..v, ,..n hold and .. holds: Correct operation of the system.


For instance, we may stop when the relative objective improvement is less than a thresholds.

in practice we found it most convenient to use the simplest strategy: limit the maximal iteration number L. the for loop will stop if we pass the mini-batch L times.


Using multiple constraints, the requirements for the G parameter could be written as:         G.{VERTEX LIST GRAPH[V]; INCIDENCE GRAPH[V, E]}  7.2.2 Static Type Safety  Eiffel has been criticized for type-safety problems [8, 12].

type conformance checking is based on the subclass relation, which allows instance variables and parameters of routines to change covariantly.


This behavior corresponds to releasing the access granted to p. The execution of all other behaviors (i.e., accessing to p1) is disallowed.

there is a possible execution of AC3.1 that cannot guarantee the execution of all behaviors speci.ed by C3.


Our approach is predicated upon minimizing the interdependencies of coarse-grained components, such that new component versions may be added to a (running) system more easily.

we employ explicit software connectors as component interaction facilities.


the defined ELDA-based simulation model is subsequently implemented (Code Generation and Simulation Implementation activities) and simulated (Simulation Execution activity) for being evaluated and compared with reference to the identified performance indices.


Concerning the integration of aspect-oriented concepts in the context of OSGi we found two existing efforts: The AOSGi project as well as an approach that aims at a similar solution as we do.

by changing the class loading strategy of OSGi bundles [12].


Overview of the approach API-usage analysis relies on methods and techniques that are commonly used in reverse engineering and program understanding.

we need to set up a corpus of software projects to be used for data mining; we also need to provide a fact-extraction machinery to build a database of program facts.


However, an audit of core classes is still necessary to prevent interference related to using OS services.

the System and Runtime classes of the java.lang package define services, which should be customized on a pertask basis.


Implementation This section describes the non-trivial elements of our implementation.

it includes information on ñ The simulation defining interfaces ñ The hardware model ñ Test script highlights ñ The regression framework ñ Changes in the system software  5.1 Simulation Defining Interfaces The real product architecture can be abstracted as shown in Figure 3: Figure 3: Components of the real system The controller s machine state is the combination of the hardware states (including location and status), the contents of the ODM, and the contents of the RMC objects.


D We assume that all monads T in the paper preserve weakpullbacks, which is a mild assumption often used in coalgebra theory [26, 30].

then T preserves injections and .nite intersections.


While this is reasonably easy for a human to eyeball, thevaluenumbererhas nochanceofdiscoveringthis unless the expressions are shaped so that the subexpressions become apparent.

the algorithm must reshape the operators so that redundancies are explicit in the AST: (+ (*X (+ (+ABC I)H H))) (*Y (+ (+ABC I) (+ABC I) (+DEF G))) (*Z (+ (+DEF G) (+DEF G))) In this way, the redundancies can now be easily discovered by the value numberer.


If H1 and H2 are heaps, then H2 has more aliasing if it identi.es locations that are distinct in H1 and merges the contents of the objects in these locations.

if o ' and o '' are distinct objects in H1 which are merged to object o in H2,then o has all properties from o ' and o '' .


The first step uses a given configuration as parameters and assigns code partitions to sub-buffers based on profile information about the execution frequency of partitions.

this assignment determines the cache blueprint for each code partition.


Several popular AOP frameworks for Java such as AspectJ [19] or abc [3], do not support dynamic AOP.

aspects are woven statically at build time or at load time, but cannot be (re)woven in a running system.


we write Al = (hcl, hol,el) for the result of CPA and A8 = (hc8, ho8,e8) for the result of 8-CFA.


As a result, ideal intra-task DVFS is not practi cal.

application of DVFS to loop bodies con taining conditional branches usually is not feasible as the time/energy overhead of scaling at loop iteration level is greater than the potential saving in energy.


These transformations, however, have some serious drawbacks.

most of them do not seem to support a modular analysis of the termination problem.


Once the ordering among VCs is available, a VC is mapped into a physical cluster (PC) one at each step of the stage.

the first VC is directly assigned to the first PC.


However, a good predictor would provide a narrow estimate of the lifetime range it expects of the object.

it would predict that a fraction p of objects allocated by a site have lifetimes of between l1 and l2 bytes: the better the predictor, the larger p and the smaller the interval [l2,l1].


Figure 1 Example: a large block case 2.2 New Features in Large Block Flash Memory 2.2.1 Multiple Sector Read and Write Differently from small block flash memory, the basic chunk of read/write in large block flash memory is larger than the data sector size used in the file system.

large block flash devices physically read and write data in chunks of 1~4 Kbytes.


We then had a named entity that Eclipse could usetobuilda listof entity references.

we reviewed this list to determine if anyof those uses of contains were puns: checks for the presence of dots that had nothing to do with quali.ed names one reasonable case would be when the Strings represented numbers,andthe checkwouldbe better written as isFloatingPoint(t).


We formalize this claim in a concurrent calculus with unsafe communication primitives over which we layer our implementation of session types, and we prove that the session types layer is safe.

it enforces that channel-based communication follows consistent protocols.


We tested the performance impact of our extensions within the Xen hypervisor by creating a benchmarking program that accesses context sults indicate that our modi.cations incur only a slight performance penalty over programs running on unmodi.ed guest operating systems in the normal case.

we see that the technique scales well in the number of context sensitive pages within a program, even in pathological cases such as interleaved data and execution accesses.


We now explain how to encode the set of .ows of G(N)= (nodes, [[·)) , m0 ) from 8 to itself as a Presburger formula.

the formula is such that the set of .ows from 8 to itself coincides with the set of its satisfying valuations.


Templates are used to generate the UI views and the navigational bars that allow users to visit the application contents.

« IMPORT data » « DEFINE Root FOR ServiceModel » « EXPAND EmitEntities FOR this » « EXPAND DAOUtilityClass FOR this » « EXPAND TypeConverters FOR this » « EXPAND PersistenceManager FOR this » « ENDDEFINE » « DEFINE EmitEntities FOR Root » « FOREACH this.


The importance of weeks is especially salient, since day-of-week schema are strikingly resilient to the passage of time.

people can locate the exact day of the week for an event, even if they cannot locate the week of the event.


This only improves the analysis either by strengthening or weakening the relationship between individual communication operations and the total communication time.

if two identically configured experiments have the same communication times yet produce drastically different measurements for one call site, then any conclusion about that call site must be interpreted carefully.


For those cases, the mechanisms presented so far are insuf.cient to maintain type safety.

we protect against accident, but not against malice.


dynamic method dispatch) Q4C2 Unique Name.

the basis of the Unique Name analysis proposed in [3] is expressed in [Q1A2]: 0declares M Which classes declare member M?


Our interest in coverage focuses on the actual source statements covered.

we performed hand reviews of the coverage measures for each statement of source code, and established that all statements not covered fell into two categories: Defensive coding: Most non-covered code has the structure shown in Figure 5.


On the other hand, the locality group provides an insight of how to use the block distance for locality oriented optimizations.

while block distance captures current cache performance, locality group captures potential improvement of cache performance.


As we have seen, the HS interpretation elaborates datatype declarations as opaquely sealed structures; datatype speci.cations are translated into speci.cations of structures.

for example, the signature signature S = sig datatype intlist = Nil | Cons of int * intlist end contains a datatype speci.cation, and elaborates as follows: signature S = sig struct Intlist : sig type intlist val intlist in : unit + int * intlist -> intlist val intlist out : intlist -> unit + int * intlist end end A structure M will match S if M contains a structure Intlist of the appropriate signature.1 it is clear that the structure de.nition produced by the HS interpretation for the datatype intlist de.ned in Section 1 has this signature, so that datatype declaration matches the speci.cation above.


Therefore, DVS algorithms try to lower the supply voltage of portable multimedia devices to the lowest possible level while still guaranteeing all deadlines.

the devices only need to satisfy the performance requirements of applications while choosing proper CPU frequencies.


The constraint is imposed on an abstract labelling O. which has implications for the corresponding labelling O. NS .


Even if the receiver has no previous trust in one or more entities in the chain or no knowledge of their public keys, it can verify that they have limited transitive trust to manage the resources for speci.ed time intervals.

the site authority can verify its own limited transitive trust in the ticket holder to control the resources named in the ticket without contacting the agent that issued it.


One important constraint when designing Gibber was to avoid requiring pre-processing of end-user code to make it valid for execution by the JavaScript runtime.

all code written by Gibber end-users must be valid JavaScript.


(including its callees) is no less than .weight T and the average time per invocation no less than .grain T .

the subroutine is signi.cant and does not incur an excessive overhead.


Furthermore, our observations could act as input for further discussions about variability in the context of software architecture.

current software architecture description methods do not provide extensive support for variability.


In this scenario, the main contribution of this study was to propose an approach to represent such variability.

we proposed a new architectural viewpoint the variability viewpoint to support representation of variability in reference architectures.


This paper focuses on correctness issues more than performance issues.

in order to get performance guarantees, there are different insertion patterns (such as adversarial), different process models (such as different speeds and changing speeds), and different models of memory (such as queuing on memory locations for both reads and writes).


A message received by p was sent by some node no more than one beat ago.


However, these recency results may also suggest that the code sought by a programmer evolves as the task progresses.

navigation decisions may be tied to the programmer s evolving information goals during information foraging.


A new population is randomly extracted with replacement from the current population.

each test case has a probability of being selected which is proportional to its .tness with respect to the current target t. test cases that come closer to the target are more likely to be extracted in the formation of the new population.


One simple instance of evolution occurred in the fourth version, when the return value from a query message added .elds describing the number of rows returned and the name of the table from which they were extracted.

the query handler s type evolved roughly from the .rst to the second of the following (for clarity, we elide most of the handler pattern): handler ..., #queryCmd[String], ... returns #results(*#row[*column[]]) { ... } handler ..., #queryCmd[String], ... returns #results(*#row[*column[]], #rowcount[Integer], #tablename[String]) { ... } The new return type is a subtype of the old one.


As a consequence, one of the keys to obtaining high performance is to merge these iterative steps to improve data locality and reuse.

the shuf.e operations should not be performed explicitly, but converted into a reindexing in the subsequent computation.


From Figure 2 we see that the classes have fairly consistent cache behavior across benchmark programs.

the vast majority of cache misses are in six classes: GAN, HSN, HFN, HAN, HFP, and HAP.


Introduction Consider the following task: how would you write a piece of code that, given any class X, returns another class that contains the exact same methods as X, but logs each method s return value?

the code is a modular representation of the functionality logging , and abstracts over the exact methods it may be applied to.


Due to the hierarchical nature of custodians, these charges bubble up to the parents, regardless, so assigning the charge to the child provides more useful accounting information.

since B is responsible for the behavior of A, B eventually becomes charged for A s usage.


Figure 1 represents an iterative incremental model, and this echoes the way that many scientists do their science.

they try something out in the laboratory, reflect on it and possibly modify/extend it.


AIC consists of the following stereotypes for capturing control .ow dependencies and con.icts: match-jp de.nes the relationship between a (core or aspect) scenario and a joinpoint where the scenario is the originator of and matches the joinpoint.

a match-jp relationship is established between a joinpoint and a (aspect or core) scenario if the joinpoint is within a subset of the scenario s execution traces.


Thus, one also needs a way to distinguish between different alternatives.

if schemas are designed together with mappings, it is desirable to use schemas that are optimal in the way theyhandle data.


(P3) Note that the state predicates acc and mgr can change over time and that such changes are accounted for in our MFOTL formalization of this security policy.

at the time point where m approves the report f, the formula (P3) requires that m is a s manager.


environments has prompted the design of new theoretical models of computing.

there are many ongoing active researches on the family of ambient calculi[3, 7].


Agile processes are very useful for creating and evolving AOMs.

since AOMs are similar to frameworks which should be used before they are embellished, it is prudent to only evolve the AOM architecture as the specific business needs evolve.


When we consider the interaction between these optimizations, the problem becomes much harder.

it should be noted that the two objective functions, namely, improving data locality and reducing disk energy consumption can demand different combinations of transformations.


To guarantee termination we only enumerate and explore paths that do not contain loops involving backwards branches.

we only consider paths in which loop bodies are evaluated at most once.


At this point in the semester, we shifted the focus away from the theoretical aspects of systems design, and spent two weeks investigating speci.c examples of real distributed systems.

we studied several Google services that have resulted in research papers, including the Chubby Lock Service [5], MapReduce framework [9], and BigTable database system [6], in addition to di.erent distributed .le and storage system implementations.


One commonly used method for reducing the overhead of GC is to reduce the frequency of collections by increasing the allocation area (aka nursery) used by the program.

in our experience, providing a large allocation area (for example, 32MB) improves multicore performance, con.rming the observations of other researchers [24].


Additionally, we .nd that views from Android phones last longer than the views from  3.2 Video Viewing Time Viewing time is another indicator of workload, which can be also used for cache policy design.

if most of the views last only a few minutes, it would be e.cient to cache the .rst chunks of videos in content delivery networks (CDNs) so as to maximize the e.ectiveness of system storage.


Also worth mentioning that the analysis framework was designed to support incremental updating of the model of the program.

in case if the model needs to be updated due to a change in the source code the model was built from, only those parts of modules are syntactically and semantically analysed that have been actually modi.ed.


We slightly modi.ed the SimIt-ARM cycle-accurate simulator [13] to model such architecture.

since SimIt-ARM does not support multi-core simulation, we modi.ed it to support concurrent tasks execution on different cores with private caches.


Thus, the annotations cannot be made on any of its provided operations as it was the case before.

the needs related to the atomic nature of internal blocks of code in the components have to do with an internal assumption on the guarantees offered by the execution platform in the combined use of the required interfaces of the components.


Applying this to the example of yk the countdown problem, the e.ect is to set e = i=1 vi, and the ball for each site allows each site to receive up to (t/k-e) new updates before triggering another communication.

this scheme is equivalent to the basic scheme in Section 2.1: each site is given a uniform fraction of the current slack , and a global communication is forced whenever any site uses up its slack.


Originally developed as a generic extension to the Embedded C [12] variant of ANSI C, address spaces have recently gained popularity in programming languages for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU).

nvidia s Cuda [21] has support for disjoint address spaces as a type modi.er, while Khronos Open Compute Language (OpenCL) [22] formalizes them as type quali.ers as a variant of Embedded C, shown diagrammatically in Figure 1.


The intuition is that if we have a sequence of environment choices not in NN, then an execution compatible with those choices will de.nitely lead to a bad state.

we want the small- N est such set N , which we can get by abstracting G[P].


EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Some experiments have been conducted to show the applicabil-Our goal was to load test the server by adding clients until we achieved a speci.ed response time (Setpoint).

if the Setpoint was 5ms, our goal was to determine how many clients the server could handle without exceeding the 5ms response time.


To address this issue and Speedup 20 15 10 provide quantitative data in relation to this aspect, we have carried out an experimentation based on simulation models with scaled up size.

we have run experiments with up to 1024 simulation objects where 1/8 of them are cache servers, and the remaining ones are clients.


While our method comes with a mathematical, if asymptotic, guarantee and provides strong evidence of correctness, we stress that this is not the same level of assurance that formal veri.cation provides.

the sig(·)term in Equation 13 has the potential to introduce discontinuities that may be very dif.cult to discover.


when most users only subscribe to a few very popular topics).

a few brokers have to host the majority of users due to high similarity of their subscriptions.


At runtime only a small amount of all possible pairs of values of these variables might be valid.

only a subset of all possible execution paths through this part of the source code might be possible in reality.


v.Tp(¯ x) Note that the compatibility of p with D ensures that INLPATTERN is well de.ned.

(1) every attribute formula of the form e(¯x) only mentions attributes in AD(e), and (2) for all '' nodes v, v .


Additionally, there will be quantitative analysis of a library or framework to determine opportunities where structural subtyping would be advantageous.

an automated analysis would be performed to .nd common methods, then method implementations or javadoc would be manually compared.


Moreover, each abstraction is motivated by some combination of four key ideas: 1) Allow applications to manage cores and threads separately.

have the OS provide the abstraction of a core, rather than a fully executable thread, allowing applications to create and manage their own threads on top of those cores.


A detailed consideration of the particular nearest-neighbor stencil of the problem (i.e., the operator Dw) shows that the smallest overhead and highest e.ciency are obtained when for a given site all components of, e.g., a spinor with its 24 real degrees of freedom, are stored in 24 separate registers and cache-lines (known as structureof-array (SOA) format).

gather and scatter instructions are avoided and there is a 1:1 correspondence between data in memory (cache-lines) and registers.


1 Introduction Research in academia [8][15][20] has demonstrated the attractiveness of visual languages based on formal models of com- putation for specifying modern embedded DSP and communica- tion systems.

various flavors of dataflow have been shown to be good matches for signal processing because of the nat- ural correspondence between discrete-time signals used in DSP and the infinite streams of tokens that characterize the data in data- flow netwod<s.


We have shown, that our improvements have a signi.cant effect on the amount of false positives reported by the lock-set algorithm implemented in Helgrind.

the correct interpretation of the hardware bus lock on the x86-architecture and special marking of objects that are about to be destroyed.


B is a subclass of A 4. a method Dm(A, D) is de.ned or inherited by C.  These conditions, together with with C1 and C2, ensure the absence of ambiguity.

since B must be a strict subclass of A, condition C1 ensures that if method m(A@B.)


This is possible because this SCC is created by dependences carried by the inner loop only, and not by the outer loop to which DSWP is applied.

only dependences carried by the loop being DSWPed prevent the creation of parallel stages.


Suppose that the free list, fs, passed to alloc, contains duplicates.

suppose that the head element p also appears inside the tail fs '.


Instances of the Mathemagix type generic correspond to managed pointers to objects of arbitrary types.

the declaration of cube gives rise to the following code on the C++ side: the overhead is guaranteed to be bounded by a .xed constant.


Prototype Realization We have implemented the complete Reflex design in a modular way for portability.

the DSM and the RPC are fully implemented in the module library that is linked into the module code, as shown in Figure 4.


Further assume that the value of A was 15 and therefore S1 is executed and S2 is not executed before arriving at S3.

the use of X at S3 receives value of X de.ned at S1.


(S, H, L i ' (free(v), S, H, L, Q), Q) we never recycle holes inside H. Finally, function inBlock(L, a) returns true if address a is within a block tracked by L. By de.nition, inBlock(L, .)


For us the main reason of such a delayed adoption is that so far most mash up systems have been technically inspired and aimed at software professionals.

the underlying composition models of services are based on complex technology and logic such as event broadcast models and component introspection, which are more suited to expert programmers rather than general users.


In the context of access control models, defensive programming consists in performing access control checks sooner than later.

given a PHP script that performs security-sensitive operations, defensive programmers will immediately perform an access check and redirect the user to an error page if it fails.


A semantic bug in print tokens2 v7 Program CCI-Prev CCI-Havoc Our investigation shows that most test inputs that take the outer-if Apache1 0.4% 0.5% Apache2 0.0% 0.0% branch end up also taking the inner-if branch.

once Cherokee 0.0% 0.0% the BT predicate is observed at the inner-if site, it is mostly evaluated FFT 96% 102% to be true.


[1] about the design of software for RL.

ipseity uses kernel concepts and components (i.e.


2.4 Stepwise Operational Semantics To de.ne such a strategy, we take a less ad-hoc solution.

we encode nondeterminism as a choice between children instead of productions.


These models improve performance by reducing the scope of the analysis, and in many cases increase precision by eliminating opportunities for data.ow pollution.

a model of native methods is essential when analyzing applications for security since many security functions are implemented as native methods [42].


4.3 Visualizing process statistics Our .nal example shows how to use MONNALISA to visualize global aspects of the resource management of a multiprogrammed system.

we discuss how to visualize statistics about the size distribution of memory blocks allocated by each process.


The .rst of those tools, named Jak, adds support for meta-programming to Java.

jak supports the de.nitions of AST constructors and o.ers hygiene facilities.


Multiple authors may make uncoordinated changes to their local copies of a document without consulting one another.

there are invariably small snags in the seamless fabric of many collaborative activities.


From the graph model of the software system, it computes a layout that has the following property: artifacts that are connectedby manydependencies are placed at close positions, and unrelated artifacts have distant positions.

cohesive parts of the graph aregrouped together and separated from other cohesive parts.


On other examples (such as the examples from Figures 3 and 8 below), where Slam succeeds quickly in .nding a proof, Synergy does so as well, by performing a Slam-like overapproximate analysis.

dart works well for deterministic loops (since there is only one path, which a test can cover easily, but a large number of abstract states along the path, which may take many iterations for iterative re.nement to generate); and Slam works well for sequences of branches (such as Figure 8, since there are a small number of abstract states for Slam to generate, but a large number of paths for Dart to enumerate).


Though it shares some characteristics with both the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma and the Alternating Prisoner's Dilemma, all three models are distinct, and model different sets of real-world situations.

the Turn-Taking Dilemma is a better model of "compromise" situations, in which one must take short-term losses to achieve a high average payoff in the long run.


Primarily, use of Obligations is indicated whenever there is a requirement for a supplementary policy enforcement action that is application-centric, but not application-specific.

the Obligation applies across a domain, and the application would not otherwise have considered the required policy enforcement to be within the scope of its responsibility.


By executing startTimer(T, offset) in round r, a node pi can set its timer T to expire in offset rounds.

the predicate expired(T ) will be true in round r + offset at pi and any following round until some other timer has been started.2 Also, from the call of startTimer(T, offset) on until round r + offset - 1, the predicate running(T ) will hold at pi.


2.2 Path conditions A path condition PC(y, x) is a condition over program variables which is necessary for influence: I(y, x) PC(y,x).

if the path condition cannot be satis- fied (PC(y, x) A false), there is definitely no influence from y to x.


It is then the architect s job to take this model, identify commonalities, and begin sketching core objects and components of the system using tools such as analysis classes and component diagrams.

the architect is solely responsible for translation of a vertical model (the use case model) to a potentially horizontal one (the architecture description).


Second, we show how two classic race detectors (based on happens-before and lockset) can be reimplemented in this architecture.

we show how to partition the work of those race detectors effectively into phases, reduce the amount of deferred work through transitive reduction, and reduce the amount of work needed to deal with unknown initial states through lockset factorization.


This apparent contradiction is resolved by noting that the projection for NOC is nested outward.

the projection of the metric con.rms the fact that the metric requires information from outside the viewpoint entity that plays the role of system as far as property S3 is concerned.


It is often the case that L(Place(p)) is also an upper bound of .(p).

the scheduling of p does not depend on any high-security information.


In order to face this issues, current research [2, 14] has increased the interest in the use of semantic description of information through an ontology language where an ontology is a formal representation of a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts and the use of logical reasoning over such descriptions to support information matching.

by introducing in TuC-SoN tuple centres an ontology language to specify a taxonomical knowledge coupled with a logic reasoning over such knowledge would allow to face: (i) openness problems concerning heterogeneous coordinables that refer to information that is semantically equivalent but has a di.erent syntactic representation, and (ii) dynamism problems concerning the inability of coordinables to have a prior knowledge about all possible information stored in a tuple centre.


However, output ports cannot be read and input ports cannot be written (i.e., appear in an l-value position).

no port can be incremented or decremented.


When the IRTree is built, the last step, the back-end, entails scanning the IRTree and generating the native code; this process is performed by three components of the JVM: the parser, the resource manager and the code emitter.

the parser is a key component that analyzes the tree by searching for pre-de.ned patterns (i.e.


Existing Sybil countermeasures may be applied to mitigate such attacks against Tortoise.

guard relays may require clients to complete periodic cryptopuzzles [18] in order to continuously forward their traf.c.


The URL it carries denotes the requested component, and the nested exception describes the precise cause of the failure.

it signature COMPONENT MANAGER = sig exception Con.ict val acquire : url .


But Theme/Doc is not tailored for use with SPL, therefore missing model elements for managing variability.

although Theme/Doc is a good theoretical fit for our two problems, its adaptation to SPL development is not trivial, as its constructs need to be extended to express SPL concepts and properties.


passages, like a street corner, different form systems collide.

design is not only a social field that deals with the visible (functional, beautiful) forms, but also with its invisible, open, receptive, selfGreflective dimensions.


The HPP is applied to the PG described in Section III-B, with a different de.nition of valid path.

a path Pp = {Entry, BBi,BBi+1,... ,BBj ,Exit} is valid if it starts from Entry and ends in Exit, like in EPP [4], BBi and BBj are connected by a back-edge (i.e., eji .


of the 6,185 Category Number Covered 2, 488 Potentially novel 3, 697 Total 6, 185 Percent 40.2 59.8 100.0 Table 2.


Many heuristics have been proposed for hot spot detection and all of them share a common wisdom, which can be stated informally as follows: a long-running method is likely to be a hot spot.

a method that has been running long so far is likely to be running long in the future, so its compilation is likely to lead to a performance benefit that can offset its compilation overhead.


In this paper we propose an EUDWeb approach and tool for the speci.cation and the generation of Webapps embedding access control mechanisms.

we have added access policy speci.cation mechanisms in a previous mockup-based EUDWeb tool [8], in order to support the speci.cation and implementation of Rolebased Access Control (RBAC) policies [10] within the Webapp logic.


This allows applications to be rapidly prototyped in Smalltalk and performancecritical parts to later be rewritten in C if they are determined to be too slow.

it is possible using LanguageKit for code to begin life as interpreted or JIT-compiled scripting code inside an application, but then be statically compiled and shipped with a future version.


Let weohn taeennta(hbe the candidate vertex that satis.es the three conditions.

the third condition gives us tem}iina(hn, wn,ehu.


As much as possible, we reused the Hackage infrastructure to simplify the mechanics of the survey.

we used and extended GHC and cabal-install [4], a tool to download and install packages (and their dependencies) automatically from Hackage.


It is comprised of all the public model elements, i.e., the structural and behavioural properties that the classes within the design model expose to the outside.

the usage interface presents  Figure 2: Reusing the Observer Design Pattern an abstraction of the functionality encapsulated within the model to the user of such a model.


Corollary 4.5 For any G,d,p, there exists a constant E> 0 such that any E-error algorithm for spanning connected G subgraph veri.cation problem requires O(min(dp , dpB )) time on some T(Gdp)-vertex graph of diameter 2p +2.

if we consider G=dp+1pB then O(min(dp , G/(dpB))) = O(dp) .


(sub) G1, x : t, G2@R x x x (s (s) ' (s = s ) G1, x : t, G2@R x Figure 4: The general coeffect calculus Flat coeffect shape is de.ned as ({*}, star, <, *, *) where star(G) = * and * < * = * where * = {Ø}.

there is a single shape * with a single position and all free-variable The operators x and x combine shaped coeffects associated contexts have the same shape.


Our system has additional 150 rounds to apply adaptations and to reorganize the network.

after interest shifts some avatars will not match their clients requirements, and thus, begin to reject their requests.


They are nice, which means that they cooperate as long as the opponents do.


An issue of program transformation is the parameterization of the transformations.

how does the programmer specify where and when the transformations occur?


However, in some cases, existing simple sampling strategies fail to capture the underlying distribution of the data.

for network traffic, sampling is influenced by heavy traffic from flash crowds and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.


5.2 Realization strategy for performance variability and its motivation The case study identi.ed the software and hardware variability strategies for realizing performance variability.

the results highlighted the importance of the hardware: several factors seemed to favour the hardware strategy, the software strategy was kept simple by downgrading performance, and even the software strategy was dependent on hardware.


The second class, global based methods, is to identify outliers using the robust estimator of a global kriging model which is the best linear unbiased estimator for geostatistical data.


The technique is to prune all of the unnecessary nodes between multiple neighbor nodes connected with a given node by Theorem 1.

to find the shortest path passing an optimal adjacent node, this technique can select the node having minimum cost of distNE(u, wi, v) out of the adjacent nodes w1,w2, ,wi, ,wk emanating from u (i,e., dist(u, w1), dist(u, w2), , dist(u, wi), , dist(u, wk) in the road network.


The next stage in the development of the bytecode gen- erator will be the implementation of a code opti- mization stage to increase the performance of the generated code.

we would like to in- vestigate the impact of various compiler optimiza- tions on the performance of the JLAPACK library routines.


At the same time, he is going further from the right edge since the number of questions per vertical level is increasing as he goes down.

correct answers would make the student move downwards through the test and also increases the number of failures that would make him reach the right edge, which is where the lower rates are placed.