This is an important problem that has received considerable attention in the Web community, and remains an active area of research with many open problems.

pointers available from the conference central site http://www.cs.umbc.edu/cikmL [3] Conferences on Information Quality (IQ).


Our framework and implementation is e.cient, since it requires no access to source code, performs CFI enforcement on-the-.y during runtime, and is compatible to memory randomization and code signing/encryption.

modern operating systems (such as iOS) enforce the W .X (Writable xor Executable) security model that prevents an adversary from executing injected code.


We observe that for increased feature space using TF-IDF, TF-IDF-CF, CPD and GSS malware features the accuracy remains constant beyond an increase of small feature length.

(bp, temp[C id]) mq mq 13: end for 14: end for 15: for p .


REFERENCES [1] https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~enron/ the Enron Dataset (redacted) accessed 7th March 2014 [2] http://www.coventry.ac.uk/research/researchdirectory/higher-education/activity-led-learning/ This portal details ALL and some representative publications regarding it.

it became very evident during the formative feedback sessions, which gave teaching staff ample time to correct these misconceptions and gave grounds for expounding on these very important concepts.


Similarly, a node -.ct is compromised before time t with the probability of 1-e, where .c denotes the compromising rate.


A set of policies PL is complete with respect to another set PH if all action sequences allowed by PH are allowed by PL, and all action sequences disallowed by PH are disallowed by PL.


3.2 Features We train a support vector machine with a collection of robust features that discern between good and bad PIPs.

the previous features include account/request volume, account stickiness, and diurnal pattern.


First, the average EER of users in our data set for n = 1 and n = 3 is 4.8% and 1.7%, respectively.

for each consistent training group, we get an ensemble of z classi.ers for modeling the behavior of the legitimate user.


we recommend that future work considers also the Quality of Experience with HLS and RTSP with IPsec transport/tunnel mode with MOBIKE.


that limits o.-line dictionary attacks against password-protected local storage, without the use of any secure hardware or secret storage.

the attacker steals the laptop, mounts the hard drive in his own machine, and launches an o.ine dictionary attack against the secret key.


Our key update protocol doesn t resist downgrading attacks: an adversary can roll back the device key to an old one by copying previous helper data and encrypted blob of the secure OS back to the device.

trustvisor: E.cient tcb reduction and attestation.


This is possible due to the state in routers (i.e., cache or PIT, depending on the technique used).

techniques based on PIT and on common pre.xes are not a.ected by cache hit delays, since they either do not rely on cache or do not consider RTT.


Secondly, the bucket-ids in the queries are sent in plaintext to the server in the bucketization method.

[27] P. Williams, R. Sion, and B. Carbunar.


However, nova-api does not have any sudo invocations.

[47] RIS TENPA RT, T., TRO M E R, E., SH AC HAM , H., AN D SAVAG E, S. Hey, you, get off of my cloud: exploring information leakage in third-party compute clouds.


Finally, our system .nds invariants on the .elds in the data structure and produces a Python script that can be used to .nd instances of the structure in memory images.

to be con.dent that a signature based on a particular .eld will be robust against evasion attacks, we must ensure that the .eld cannot be arbitrarily modi.ed.


This can be accomplished through remote attestation methods [28].

while we have not experimented with other forms of of.ine store such as Gears [14], we believe it can be supported similarly.


pre-computation complexity is still between 2103 and 2110 , which is worse than exhaustive search.

our attack can have both the pre-processing and online attack complexity faster than exhaustive search when applied to Estream ciphers.


Some of these scenarios require position methods in the area of many square kilometers, other scenarios play in a more local environment.

the relationship between threat and design decision is also .gured out.


While this is relatively easy to implement, it has the disadvantage that the application itself cannot securely identify the service provider anymore; to this end, a separate application would be needed to allow the hardware module to check the certi.cates of the service provider and display it to the user.

in Proceedings of the 2006 Workshop on New Security Paradigms (NSPW 06), pages 3 10, New York, NY, USA, 2007.


Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).

the basic idea of clustering-based grouping algorithm is to define the similarity between regular expressions.


1 of part I)", "What if you forget the password?

many parts of the ISMS were processes that we were already doing without any clear rules.


We fully expect security researchers to discover more false negatives in the future, just as these researchers continue to discover arbitrary code execution vulnerabilities in mature code bases.

if the attacker can desynchronize the simulated parser from the actual parser, the attacker can usually bypass the .lter.


PhD thesis, Cornell University, August 2002.

analysis, as mentioned in Sections 4.1 and 3.2.2; on average about 0.25% of our execution time was spent in static analysis.


In this case the organisation can create a dynamic domain consisting of all devices accessed by this department/group of users, and binds the pool of content to this dynamic domain.

the lack of an organised information system and/or a systematic information .ow increases the likelihood of content leakage.


The conversion from an NFA to a DFA does incur a memory overhead of 7.7% on average for the benchmarks.

the presence of monitoring does not slow down NP operation since it is performed outside of the operational paths of the NP.


x0.X0  Figure 3: Discrete-time dynamical system b) Figure 4: a) Nominal system with signal decomposition, and b) the same system under a stealth attack 3.1 Signal partitioning and attacked system To formalize the notion of stealth attack, we .rst divide the measurement and the control vector into their nonsecure and secure parts.

in this paper we focus on networked control systems, a special class of CPSs, where the main components are sensors, actuators, and controllers, all interconnected through, for example, ethernet or WiFi, and operating in a closed loop to maintain desired behavior of a physical plant.


Our solution is based on using s node disjoint paths in an s-connected graph to distribute key shares.

fortunately, a closer look reveals that .nding s node-disjoint paths in a graph is not actually necessary; it suf.ces to make each step of the key establishment protocol resilient to the compromise of s- 1nodes.


Even though more speci.c and detailed information was included in many of the logs that we had access to, we wanted to establish if it was possible to identify which code was run at the most basic level of information gathering.

these case studies did not address a code s identi.ability or disparity from the behavior of other similar computations.While these studies have examined communication patterns and suggested that communication patterns are characteristic to codes, there has been little e.ort to formalize or automate this concept and test a large set of codes and runs made by users.


We use Reed-Solomon encoding to allow the Veri.er to recover from errors during reception of the pair identi.er.

the system can be ported to any mobile phone with a vibration function and accelerometer.


Since the correlation step is performed only when an attack is detected, it does not impact the performance of the server during normal operation.

the probability of mounting a successful attack in one attempt is negligibly small.


In general, tweeting via such devices requires human participation.

[15] Minas Gjoka, Maciej Kurant, Carter T Butts, and Athina Markopoulou.


1.1 Our Results Our main result is the .rst upper bound on the value of C(E): a t C(E) = 1 - O H(E) .

as for the upper bound, while the main ideas of the proof may be valid for the asynchronous case as well, since the details of the proof are complicated in any case, we focus in this work on the synchronous case.


EuroSys 07, March 21-23, 2007, Lisboa, Portugal.

a Domain and Type Enforcement UNIX Prototype.


Also presented in the table is Flume s multipliers for those system calls, extracted from the Flume paper.

a data owner is capable of declassifying data.


Proceedings of theNational Academy ofSciences,108(5),2011.

wedemonstrate viaexperimentsoncommodityhardware thatproposedprotocolsareindeed viableandpractical today.


If we view E as a privacy budget, places that users frequently visit will exhaust part of the budget.

taintDroid: An information-.ow tracking system for realtime privacy monitoring on smartphones.


Entities using encryption for communication are called agents.

pub- lic key cryptography is on the order of ten times slower than corresponding secret-key protocols.


In any case, once released, we can impossibly control the dispersal of this information, let alone remain aware where the information about us is stored and processed.

it was a lot of fun working with you during the last three years and I m very proud of what we have achieved.


In the security model of leakage-resilient cryptography, the leakage is modeled by a leakage function f applied on the secret key and/or the randomness used.

the bit size restriction is later relaxedsuchthat f is restricted to lower the entropy of the secret keybyat most l bits [14].


It is not possible to guess out identity IDi and password Pi correctly at the same time in real polynomial time even after getting the smart card of the legitimate user Ui.

chieu, A User Friendly Remote Authentication Scheme with Smart Cards, Computer & Security, vol.


To achieve this, we consider discrete-time linear systems with bounded measurement noise.

all points in m(RN(t),f ) n RN(t+1),f are contained in n + 1 - f polyhedra in m(SN (t),f ) .


In addition to host-based features, we can also use lexical properties of the URLs themselves as potentially strong features (again, we are not considering theWeb page content).

we ran ourexperiments ona machine with2dual-core 2.33 GHz Xeon processors with 4 GB memory.


from the table, we can see the PTE and the TTE are greatly increased and much higher than that of the improved implementation.


5.2 Analysis of noisy leakages The previous analysis can be easily extended to noisy leakages by de.ning the leakage vector as a sum of its deterministic part and a random noise variable vector: Lq = Lqdet+R.

evaluating the guessing entropy of our construction appears as an interesting open question in order to determine the extent to which combining a side-channel attack against our PRNG with computational power would lead to similar conclusions on the security of the primitive.


When such a restriction is in place, the original subscription is replaced by a more limited version that is then propagated through the pub/sub system.

it may be that the restriction was caused due to a lack of OASIS credentials provided to the local broker, when in fact the client has further quali.cations they would now know to present.


As expected, less training data leads to lower classi.cation accuracy.

[21] analyze .ngerprints based on network parameters such as transmission time and frame inter-arrival time.


[17] Sandhu, R. Role hierarchies and constraints for lattice-based access controls.

in Table 2, the semantics of each hierarchy type is defined by its corresponding implication rule in the last column.


k-fragile permutations may be useful in permitting a limited number (less than k) of input-output message correspondences to be exposed without imposing on the privacy of other messages not being investigated.

in such a decryption mix, the inputs must be encrypted under the mix s public key, leading to a situation in which a message prepared to traverse a mix-net is multiply encrypted and is thus typically of length proportional to the number of hops in the mix-net.


Furthermore, cross validating the detected accounts with other existing Facebook countermeasures is not possible because a large fraction of detected accounts are not caught by other methods (§ 8.2).

fraction of IP addresses  10 0 2Tsim 10 -2 SWi+1 10 -4 10 -6 SWi 10 010 -8 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 U1 U2 Active user population Time Tsim Figure 5: Distribution of user population over IP addresses at Facebook login.


Without lose of j ID pub generality, we assume that the partial signatures are all valid.

z and calculates two values jq u' and r' as follows: u '= k ' P mod l , j j pub r '= k 'Y mod l j ji .


The algorithm .rst makes use of a symbolic representation so that membership in a set de.ned by a regular expression can be encoded as string equations.

kr i=1 E1 ·star(r, n-1)=E2 ·si [si]=csm_tl(s, r) [HT-*-*] star(r1, n1)·E1·star(r3, n3)= star(r2, n2)·E2·star(r4, n4) .


At component download time, the component software system should predict that the component will not intrude the system.

variable py represents a subset of the set ( PY ) of all policies regarding trust management.


Stealth memory induces a weak form of constant-time, called S-constant-time, which encompasses some widely used cryptographic implementations.

note that an instruction like store4(stack(d), [], r, n') will assign the four stack positions d, d + 1, d + 2 and d + 3.


G .compute(yi, ekL), where yi = (duti + dvti , mini) .

the certifying algorithm schemes can run on larger graphs.


SSO avoids the inconvenience of typing passwords many times throughout the day and potentially reduces the risk of typing a password by mistake on an attacker's phishing web site.

the TCS web portal, built using the open source Confusa software, enables National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) in Europe to connect their SAML federations to the CA service.


Table 2 summarizes these campaigns, which for the most part we characterize as large-scale, persistent, and stealthy.

in USENIX Workshop on Large-Scale Exploits and Emergent Threats (LEET), 2008.


People rarely select new passwords, when they tend to use PCs (median=3) instead of mobile devices (median=2).

input times for Device and PasswordCategory based on the respective keystroke models for iPhone, iPad and PC.


These represent about 4.1% and 12.3% of the total infection cycle by time, respectfully.

it did so by estimating an e.ective probing rate, a, of 0.17 probes per hour.


Our theory is based on perceiving an access control system as a state-transition system, and asking whether there exist security-preserving or strongly security-preserving mappings between two schemes.

rT: A role-based trust-management framework.


A continues making queries NewSession, Reveal, Corrupt, Send.

we say authenticated participants are always initiators and unauthenticated are always responders.


Digital library is one of the major application areas of access control in open environments.

the system invokes the function Assigned Roles to determine the roles that the user u can execute.


We identify examples of vulnerabilities by their CVE numbers.

figures 4 and 5 are limited in that they do not illustrate any drawbacks or complications that come with the variant.


A mixed strategy for player A is a distribution .A on protocols.

moreover, except with probability <d2, the protocol errors will behave as if the n evaluations were independent.


(XMLCredential-type).Givenacredentialtypect=hnct,Pcti,anXMLcredential-typeX-ctisatuple (vVct,Vct,Ect,Ect),where:            <!ATTLISTcarrier  employeecredID fname lname #PCDATA #PCDATA #PCDATA #PCDATA ID#REQUIRED>  #PCDATA #PCDATA ]> Figure1:(a)ExampleofXMLcredential-type vVctistherootelementdenotingthewholect.vVthastwo defaultattributes,namelythecredIDattributeoftype ID,specifyingcredentialidentifers,andtheCIssuer attributeoftypeCDATA,identifyingtheissuerofcredentialsoftypect; ea Vct =Vct[Vctisasetofnodesrepresentingelements andattributetypesofct.Inparticular,eachnodein VctewhichisadirectchildofvVctcorrespondstoapropertyofct:ifthechildisaleafnode,thenitrepresents asimplepropertyofct;ifitisanintermediatenode, thenitcorrespondstoacompositeproperty.ThenumberofdirectchildrenofvVctinVcteisequaltothenumber ofproperties(bothsimpleandcomposite)ofct.


i.ed levels of privacy due to rigid pseudonym assignments nor bandwidth e.cient because of the size of keys and certi.cates used.

the .rst practical identity-based encryption scheme was produced by Boneh and Franklin [1] in 2001.


If the address candidate is in use, the node using the address replies to the message.

the onion routing approach provides a way to mask the destination IP address in addition to the source IP address.


To change the secret key of White-Box AES, the large tables should be transferred in secure way.

more efficient method is needed for practical usage.


[2] BELOPOTOSKY, D. Data mining helps uncover fraud in disaster relief.

for data-driven experiments, we manufacture data sets to mirror these conditions.


[28] Weimer, W., and Necula, G. C. Mining temporal speci.cations for error detection.

in the Candid approach, conditionals are always evaluated on the real inputs only, and hence the candidate query is formed using the same control path the realinput exercises.


In absence of prior knowledge, the trust values of partially malicious sources (PaMS) and honest sources drop signi.cantly at the .rst period in which incorrect axioms are stated.


Further, credentials are per-.le; therefore, a user has to get multiple credentials from the administrator to access a .le stored under a hierarchical directory (one per .le and directory) structure.

the reader and writer separation is performed by giving appropriate keys.


ZDMs themselves may be viewed as ethically neutral; what is important is the ethics of the actors involved including the discoverer and the parties willing to pay for information discovered, and how they play out; how does the discoverer choose what o.er to accept?

goods of di.erent value to di.erent actors.


For example, thorough literature searches have led to the development of guidelines for designing multi-media learning tools [19], and for designing sys tems to support co-located collaborative work on a tabletop display [38].

sonia Chiasson, Alain Forget, Julie Thorpe, and Robert Biddle of Carleton helped us to review and brainstorm an early version of the guidelines.


for example, most widely used RFIDs are passive RFIDs that are incapable of performing modular exponentiations[26].


Attacks via the PCI/PCIe con.guration space.

by changing the PIO BAR register of a directly assigned PCI/PCIe device, an attacker can overwrite the BAR value with the one of another device attached to another VM.


INTRODUCTION Malicious code (or malware) has become one of the most pressing security problems on the Internet.

since domain registration comes at a price (currently, from about $5 to $10 per year per .com and .net domain name), botmasters could prevent attacks against domain .ux by making them economically infeasible,forexample,byforcing defenderstoregisteradisproportionate number of names.


we can generally observe that the execution times in the WAN are slightly higher due to the network latency.


This effect is possibly increased by the fact, that the participants in the study have a rather high educational level.

passShapes consisting of seven strokes were chosen because there exist more than 100,000 different PassShapes of this class, which corresponds to the complexity (password space) of five-digit PINs.


Shoulder-surfing attacks are another real threat in banking transactions and there is a rich literature on techniques to counter these attacks (see, for example, [26-28]).

implementing a nonce deletion facility, besides improving security of the scheme, helps alleviate the issue of synchronization by enabling users to keep track of the first unused nonce.


Our experimental evaluation shows the best results when caching a maximum of 4 blocks per DFA and storing the tags in registers (rather than in shared memory).

we support packet-level parallelism by using the different SMs available on the GPU.


A page owner can assure properties of linked page by signing the link, so a link plays the role of a pointer to other information and an assurance of properties of linked page.

request the page to which the UL points.


A randomization tool should be able to re-diversify a program for each execution.

oRP cannot prevent return-into-libc attacks (which have shown to be Turing-complete [34]), since all functions remain at their original position.


if the symmetric encryption scheme in this protocol is instantiated as bitwise XOR, this scheme is not ma.afraud resistant.


Our classi.cation function construction assumes that the malware will behave differently when receiving valid and invalid responses from remote servers.

dynamic taint analysis for automatic detection, analysis, and signature generation of exploits on commodity software.


Fortunately, practical signatures can be cleanly split into simple prefixes and suffixes, such that the prefixes comprise of the entire frequently visited portions of the signature.

once the last character c of the input string arrives, the machine makes a transition from state (0,5) to state (0,3), because the flag is set and counter is 0; thus the string is accepted.


In addition, some re.ection attacks manage to amplify the original attack because the responses sent by the third party are larger or more numerous[6][9] than the original messages sent by the attacker.

the state-setup bit would provide an appropriate signal to issue a puzzle, and the addressing architecture makes it hard to use malicious puzzle requests or spoofed responses as a DoS attack in their own right.


6.3 Maintaining ObjSoD This property differs to the previous properties as it explicitly considers object access.

model checking is a technique for the automated verification of finite state-based (concurrent) systems.


We intend to leverage the GRBAC model of environmental roles in Tethers, as Covington et al.

[36] R. Want, A. Hopper, V. Falc ao, and J. Gibbons.


International Journal of Information Security, pages 105 119, February 2005.

patches may still be incorrect or have unintended side e.ects (in fact, dynamic patches are harder than traditional patches because they must import active state into the updated system), so administrators must still wait for patches to be tested or risk system instability.


We can see that our crawling is e.ective, since the percentage of spammers in our targeted (crawled) dataset is 11%, whereas in the random set, it is 0.25%.

aCKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the ONR under grant N000140911042 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants CNS-0845559 and CNS-0905537.


With this option, an anchor means that the pattern can be matched at the beginning of the packet as well as after any newline (n).

explicit strings generate DFAs of length linear to the number of characters in the pattern.


It period ically queries the dongle based on an authorization protocol.

it is important to develop foolproof devices that disallow unauthorized execution of software.


i then .= e .= e 14: return 0 15: end if 16: if e.f is an o.set then 17: if e ' .f is an o.set then 18: if e.f = e ' .f then 19: return 1 20: end if 21: else .e ' .f is a range of o.sets.

if this technique is further aimed towards a production environment where a diversity of workload could be generated, false alarms may occur due to the foundation of our technique on dynamic execution.


Finally, HyperSentry restores all changes it does as soon as the measurement operation is done.

to guarantee this behavior, HyperSentry .ushes the TLB, including global pages, before returning from the SMM.


The performance evaluation of a dynamic con.guration method over ipsec.

iRQ Denote a request information for tunnel establishment.


When typing for example an , then when the left hand types a , the right hand can already "prepare" to next type the n .

more research is needed to verify the correctness or in-correctness of this idea.


For example key images are user images whereas decoys are stock images.

our setup potentially .ts well to our friend attack threat model as the victim would know they were under observation.


This limitation comes from the fact that the applications installed from di.erent TruStore markets will have di.erent set of signatures (although the developer signature may be the same).

the process of application deletion from a user or developer point of view is not changed by TruStore, so it is not considered.


The Regularity Principle of Self-Management Naftaly Minsky Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA minsky@cs.rutgers.edu ABSTRACT The principle of regularity proposed here for self management of systems, states that foralargesystem tobemanageable it must possess suitable regularities.

certain important regularities, such as the above mentioned cases of HTML and IP, do satisfy all these conditions.


We now have the machinery needed to prove Theorem 5.2.

we assume next that we are given a data exchange setting(SoToEstoE tt)where E tis a set of egds.


Note that, after that event, self-encryptions of tweakable cipher was extensively studied in [26].

quite larger function set than the a.ne function set (i.e.


Combining the whitelist and the cache, iTrustPage can validate 67.4% of pages typed into.

we can compute an upper bound on the number of prevented phishing attacks by investigating the cases when users chose to navigate to a page visually similar to the one they typed into.


This situation will also be available in a wide range of scenarios and should not be overlooked.

2) It uses all descriptions in the dataset as the corpus, and generates keywords from the text information created in Step 1.


Wormboy s average impact on runtime did not exceed 4.1%.

a high rate of recognition (m/n) does not imply  non-worm Figure 5: Average and maximal rates of recognition for non-worms whose average rates of recognition exceed 1%.


4 Another advantage of using Integrity Trees that are relatively infrequently updated means that RSA veri.cations on the client side are amortized, as we envision that many domains will use the same set of ILSs, hence the root of the Integrity Tree will remain the same for numerous sites.

since Bloom Filters have a tunable falsepositive rate, the browser may unnecessarily contact the ILS for a small fraction of legacy domains.


Thus, when the user's query is issued to the search engine, each of the top retrieved documents is treated as if the user attempted to access it.

content-based detection of terrorists browsing the web using an advanced terror detection system (ATDS).


Essentially, the best candidate role is selected from the remaining candidate roles until the original UPA can be completely reconstituted.

4.2 Experimental Evaluation To check the e.ect of weight on the results, we ran some Figure 4: Number of roles vs. weight Figure 5: Similarity vs. weight experiments.


Each of these types is as well subdivided into di.erent subtypes, according to its individual speci.c function.

the physical carrier sensing is the only way for wireless stations to sense the channel.


By notkeeping trackof these irrelevantstates,a systemwouldbe able to reduce the cost of dynamic enforcement.

in Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pages 123 139.


In the sequel, we simply denote it as p(u |(r',t',q')) in cases without any confusion.

it is the probability for user u to issue query qj after having issued query qi (without issuing any other queries in between).


Sample Distribution 1200 1000 800 600 200 0 Value Figure 1: A Stationary State Sample Distribution taken from the WISP s Accelerometer 3.

available at http://www.sparkfun.com/ datasheets/Components/ADXL330_0.pdf, 2006.


As new cases are handled, some attempt is made to find similar prior cases and to use those as a model.

other stakeholders have remained committed to having the data tagged with the more detailed tagging ontology.


If the x-dimension of the block size is set to 32 (to equal the warp size), an iteration of the loop at line 7 is sufficient to process most input characters.

[17] C. R. Clark, and D. E. Schimmel, Efficient Reconfigurable Logic Circuits for Matching Complex Network Intrusion Detection Patterns, in Proc.


e. Define the program management structure.

p. Serve as the basis for enforcement by describing specific consequences resulting from the failure to comply with IT security requirements.


As a measure of the trustterms ontology, we will consider it useful if it answers questions that help define security requirements (and thus, subsequent security metrics).

bACKGROUND This section explains why it is more appropriate to address issues from the perspective of trust ontologies rather than security ontologies; it also provides some general information on ontologies; and, it expands on the inputs used in this work.


on Information and System Security (TISSEC) 4, 3 (Aug. 2001), 224-274. endfor [5] Ni, Q., Bertino, E., Lobo, J., Brodie, C., Karat, C., Karat, J., Figure 1: Algorithm to detect inconsistencies For each maximal overlapping set S, we need to check whether the formula specified in the conditions (1)-(3) as discussed in the previous section is true under every value of the underlying domain.

frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications 185.


Each set contains target hosts whose current state is the name of the respective worm set.

further, by keeping network traffic localized, less traffic must compete for bandwidth through the backbone of the network infrastructure.


The solution for a particular channel is combined with the public key of a server to produce a token solution specialized for that server.

this solution requires explicit distribution of public keys for defending servers, and a client cannot start solving puzzles prior to determining which server to access.


AuthznEngine engine = policy.getAuthznEngine(); //Once the engine is created, you can use it //to evaluate requests as many times as you like.

in the following example, the retention obligation speci.es a parameter days that is used to signal that data shall be deleted after the number of days speci.ed by the parameter.


also, the report may be packaged di.erently depending on the type of stakeholder.


The ease of the attack depends heavily on how we de.ne an active circuit , we can do one of three ways: (1) the number of open circuits that haven t been destroyed; (2) the number of circuits that has sent a minimal number of cells, measured in raw numbers of using an EWMA with a threshold; or (3) using DiffTor we can only consider circuits classi.ed as web or bulk.

once the initiating relay receives the CLOSING_CONN_END, it knows that it has received all data and is then able to proceed closing the socket.


REFERENCES [1] Puketza, N. J., Zhang K. and Chung, M. 1996.

it tries to detect suspected intrusions in the monitored system and sends alarms to the system administrator.


Nonlinear pseudo-boolean optimization: Relaxation or propagation?

in contrast to standard template attacks, it is not simply possible to choose the most value for each state byte and combine them, since not all full state vectors correspond to valid encryptions.


Note that the output targets of StringTemplate need not be xml-based.

rationale for the RBAC96 Family of Access Control Models.


In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pages 321 334, 2007.

ii It outputs the challenge ciphertext as E * = (E1 * , {C.i }i.L,vk * =0, {C.l+i }i.L,vk * =1, C, s * , vk * J ii If (g, A, B, C, Z) .Dbdh and we let s = c, then we have s).i Y s = e(g, g)abc , E ' = C.i =(g = T 's and E ' = C.l+i = (g s).l+i = T 's the ciphertext is a valid random i ii l+i.


Retrieved June 2004, from: http://www.cert.org/present/cert-overview-trends/module1.pdf [3] Cole, E., Newfield, M., Millican, J., GSEC Security Essentials Toolkit , Que Publishing, Indianapolis, IA, 2002.


The use of innerHTML and outerHTML is supported by each and every one of the commonly used browsers in the present landscape.


Adaptive Security Design with Malicious Node Detection in Cluster-based Sensor Networks.

hence, the design or any concern speci.c to IDS are out of the scope of our work.


The server is connected to the L3 switch through the mirror port to monitor the traffic activities to the switch.

if the total weighted vote received by wj is higher than the total vote received by any other class.


It thereby acts as an additional MAC besides the default access control of Android.

the Linux kernel provides basic  Figure 1: Android architecture facilities such as memory management, process scheduling, device drivers, and a .le system.


When this happens, our approach will automatically generate a signature to protect the software using the forensic data gleaned from the exception and fault injection techniques [18].

this seems to be rare in practice, especially for protocols with an uneven distribution of byte values (e.g., text-based protocols such as HTTP).


Aread snapshot ensures that software updates in the base do not affect the isolation environment.

figure5showsthe performanceoverheadof Solitudeforthe.ve benchmarks comparedtoaregularLinuxsystem.They-axisshows the overhead in terms of running time for the .rst four experiments and in terms of network throughput for the CPU-saturated web server benchmark.


We further analyze these vulnerabilities in context of two real RFID deployments.

bar codes for libraries with the Innovative bibliographic database have well-known, geographically unique pre.xes.


CS-BuFLO s congestion-sensitivity likely had little impact in these experiments, which were carried out on a fast local network, so that congestion was rare.

their scheme pads and fragments packets so that n-grams of packet sizes match a target distribution[12].


In addition to passwords, phishing attacks have been known to target social security numbers, addresses, birth dates, and other types of personal information.

we ran SpamAssassin with three different con.gurations: the default; 40% 30% 20% 10% Default More Aggressive Most Aggressive SpamAssassin Configurations   False Negatives 0% SpamAssassin Configurations Figure 1: The trade-off between false positives and false negatives for SpamAssassin.


The goal of these relaxations is to enable the design of usable GOTCHAs.

a CAPTCHA is a program that generates a puzzle which should be easy for a human to solve and di.cult for a computer to solve as well as a solution.


Transparent runtime shadow stack: Protection against malicious return address modi.cations.


The trend holds even when focusing on information relevant permissions only.

pop new indicates a dangerous and INTERNET 77 67 info.


Therefore, they have to spend great e.orts in the isolation of different VMs and the coordination of concurrent hardware accesses.

unfortunately, this approach also su.ers several fatal drawbacks.


Therefore, numbers of pairs are increased in location map to improve the capacity of embedding information into the cover image.

the algorithm not only increases the capacity but also keep the signal to noise ratio constant.


We consider this threshold as reasonably high to conclude that each PDF sample in Mgen is a valid malware instance.

finally, as mentioned in §4.4, Lux0R might be attacked by implementing a gradient descent attack to automatically .nd API reference patterns (see §3) capable of evading de tection [3].


We have adopted the worst case in which every liar reports a credible TDoA measure to its BS, that is to say, that provided measures are bounded to vd p , with d the distance between the liar and the BS, and vp the propagation speed; measures above this bound would be discarded by any BS because they are not possible at all.

spectrum sensing is a crucial task in order to detect vacant bands or white spaces and avoid interfering primary transmissions.


In 0 i-1 g2(g1 (x)),...,g2(g1 (x)) is the empty string for i = 0.

the probability that B outputs 1 is equal to pA in this case.


By contrast, we use a standard operating system kernel, linker and loader, and we do not require changes to the host process.

the shadow process has access to the memory of the host process (seeSubsection 3.2).


Students responded that they enjoyed the videos and responded with enthusiasm to the program, but whether the security messages will have a lasting effect remains an unknown.

communication about the existence of the security awareness training site was done at various student orientation functions held during the summer before they students started classes.


We have#ni,j (x ' , y ' ) = nA - j=1,j=i ni,i(x ' , y ' ).

the source node u .rst tries the bridge involving itself to establish an indirect key with the destination node v. Assume this bridge is (u, v ').


A little thought shows that such a constraint de.nes the following constrained sets: {(u, r), (u, s)}, {(v, r), (v, s)}, {(u, r), (v, s)}and {(u, s), (v, r)}.

we can also specify constraints of the form (R,{p1,p2,p3} ,s), which states that a role can be assigned to any two of the permissions in the constraint set (but not all three).


The intuition in this design is that the ECU will store n error-correcting codes that can be accessed in arbitrary order.

returning the machine to its initial state q0, using the same instructions r, the state traversal will be q0,...,qj ,q j' +1 .qj+1, = because the decryption fails.


A conventional mechanism used to generate a symmetric key between two devices is the Di.e-Hellman (D-H) key agreement protocol.

if there is a peak (detect threshold in the simulation is 0.7) he takes it as case 1, where Alice sends 1, Bob sends 0.


The second problem is what to do when a node runs out of spaceandisnot abletostorethewhole aggregation state.

online data cleaning in wireless sensor networks.


To summarize the above discussion, two metrics needed to estimate the provisioning of security are the cost of security So(n) and the level of security log(p).

size of the message(s) exchanged between a STA/AP pair for the lifetime of the master keys.


To achieve this goal, Ethos forgoes compatibility with existing systems.

even with the existence of two types with the same layout the (i.e., either would pass the other s well-formedness check) the semantic meaning of a given certi.cate is unambiguous; a user cannot substitute a signed certi.cate of one type for another that has the same layout but which he is not allowed to sign.


For DCA, this performance improvement can be attributed to an intelligent signaling model.

at any time instance n, rather than looking at the aggregate session rate, say .n ., we consider its .rst-order derivative: ' .


Section 8 touches on future work before we conclude in section 9.

in psDoom every monster represents a di.erent process in the underlying unix system s process table.


Cryptographic Link Signatures for Spectrum Usage Authentication in Cognitive Radio* Xi Tan, Kapil Borle, Wenliang Du and Biao Chen Dept.

to maintain the same error performance at the receiver we need to increase SNR; if SNR is .xed, the error performance will degrade.


Matrix factorization, unlike the entropy calculations, is impacted by the assignments of other permissions.

finally, we analyze the distribution of user-attributes, which the public datasets lack.


The redundant data appears themselves as aggregated ... .

not all the orthogonal transformations generating various wavefronts for distributed data storages or for propagations via various paths concurrently can be analogized to the RF wave propagation demonstrated by the simple geometry linking arrays and array radiation patterns.


L2 iff L1(h) = L2(h) for all h. With this ordering, the least-upper-bound and greatest-lower-bound operators, .

the system follows the principle of least privilege.


The first complication arises due to multiplexing of packets in the network links.

they can be used to classify not just the anomalous flows but also the well behaving flows.


In Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, ACSAC 11, pages 343 352, New York, NY, USA, 2011.

attacks on webview in the Android system.


iOS 6 was released on 19th September 2012, in the middle of our study.

[4] Egele, M., Kruegel, C., Kirda, E., and Vigna, G. PiOS: Detecting Privacy Leaks in iOS Apllications.


addresses the problem of termi nation channels by spawning background threads for high computations [53].

progress-sensitive security provides stronger guarantees than progress-insensitive security.


Law-Aware Access Control for International Financial Environments Michael Stieghahn University of Luxembourg 6, rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi 1621 Luxembourg, Luxembourg  Michael.Stieghahn@uni.lu ABSTRACT Financial institutions are restricted by legislation and have to ensure that mobile access to data is legal in a de.ned context.


AES-GCM is approved up to Top Secret level in governmental and military use when appropriately implemented [24].

on weak keys and forgery attacks against polynomial-based MAC schemes.


yi ' .i, i.e., extrema indices Both the transformation functions and reduction factors are known to the receiver-side.

1.4 Brief Overview Let s consider a two-party call where two audio streams between caller and callee undergo the encoding and decoding processes at the sender and receiver sides.


Bots used to have more friends than followers [25], and the ratio is less than one in this situation.

our log-based classi.cation follows the principle of the Turing test [36].


For instance, we could apply landmarking such that it allows for dereferences of one level deep, so that while dentry is tainted, a dereference does not propagate taint.

[Ho 2006] A. Ho, M. Fetterman, C. Clark, A. War.eld, and S. Hand.


Neither policy creation method is likely to be sufficient by itself.

proactive policy creation, particularly in RBAC, is too complex a task for the average user.


The mechanism has been prototyped on Internet Explorer.

this is important for the transparency of our mechanism.


Additionally, not relying on a Publisher requires each user be equipped with a query engine able to process queries over encrypted contents.

by contrast, the node test of the second location step, i.e., tg3[@Att= IT ] , indicates two different nodes, which are separately transformed by different iteration of the for cycle.


The signature-based scan method can only be e.ective if it is di.cult for adversaries to evade.

the experiment results show that the rootkit cannot evade DeepScanner without breaking the normal functions of target objects and the system.


The de.nition of Promela speci.cations from transition systems or state machines is a quite consolidated technique, see [27].

the .rst two (lines 7 and 12) say that after an application creates a URL object, the policy checks whether it points at some sensitive data sources (here we identify it with the "agency.gov/" path).


Furthermore, in the cases where there are multiple parallel paths between an input/output pair, it is di.cult to map the delay measurement to one of the paths that are in parallel.

as discussed in Section 4.4, we cannot characterize the delay of a path if there exist parallel reconvergent path from the input to the output.


Many of the challenges are because of the lack of a host OS.

from our experience, this action rarely causes unexpected results.


> > > > current time(T ), > > > > month(T, M )  > > > sales(V, M, widgets) < ., : V = 5000.

for example, depositing funds into an account is a positive action that may initiate an agent s assignment to a status level; in contrast, the dual act of withdrawing money from an account may cause an agent s status to be terminated as a consequence of the agent performing the negative act of withdrawal.


When Du[T ] = 0, the user has improved or maintained his behavior with respect to his historical trust.

then, the matrix is cleaned by removing users that have not misbehaved, as there is no point in trying to .nd patterns of misbehavior for them.


For example, in Table 1, the elements which have CYP2C9 require testing the variants of two SNPs.

because the server s coe.cients are encrypted with the server s public key, the client cannot directly decrypt the linear combination result.


To avoid ambiguity in JavaScript s syntax, it is also recommended that the JSON text be wrapped in parentheses as shown in the statement above.

before HTML5 local storage [38] was introduced, web developers chose to use cookies for storing data in the client.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.

in this paper, we call these dummy messages maintenance messages and the periods maintenance periods.


[10] T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, and M. McCahill.

this process is relatively slow as it involves human coordination.


Structure of IL is as sequence of a pair of values indicating the position of a sub-key in the ParseKey+ file and the sub-key length.

attachment RFID reader / writer devices are mostly equipped with USB port allowing the system to transfer the information of a particular tag to any type of computational unit supporting USB bus.


The inflection point determines where the curve changes from concave upward to concave downward.

he discussed the implications of delayed feedback on systems.


However, in this case, the child s CTC is not currently being used.

additionalkeys could be added to support delegation of administrative tasks; e.g., akeyper RID would allow different parties to package their own sets of encrypted .les outside of the VM.


[4] J. Huang and D. Nicol, A formal-semantics-based calculus of trust, IEEE Internet Computing, vol.

pGP does not consider the transitivity property of trust.


Of course, the above scenario means that it is necessary to protect the private key and ensure it is under the control of its owner.

so the only thing that remains is to send the revoker information h times (h stands for history).


A major feature of our interpreter is tracking information flow in the presence of libraries.

the iframe-based solution is a good fit for isolated services such as contextindependent ads, but it is not adequate for context-sensitive ads, statistics, utility libraries, and other services that require tighter integration.


V alidation-procedure is a designated function which validates the data instances of oti.


Con.guration Average Time(ms) StockAndroid 1.071  MOSES-10 3.134 MOSES-20 3.813 MOSES-30 4.970 MOSES-40 5.615 MOSES-50 6.122 MOSES-60 7.205 MOSES-70 7.613 MOSES-80 7.621 MOSES-90 8.451 MOSES-100 9.658 Table 1: Performance of GPS reading operations with stock Androidand with the Private SP activated.

the PEP collects information about application UID, the resource being accessed and the type of operation.


However, the users of the system are the main source of information security breaches [6] [7] and remain to be the weakest link in the security chain.

a major concern was that the participants did not read important instructions which inhibited them from progressing in the game.


[6] L. Catuogno, H. L¨ohr, M. Manulis, A.-R. Sadeghi, C. St¨ uble, and M. Winandy.


These systems use a pinpad to encrypt a customer s pin number (See Figure 1).

the combination of the course material and the homework assignments engaged the students so that they now have a good understanding of this material.


Laptop and Tablet PCs typically run more resource demanding operating systems to include Windows XP Professional, Mac OS X, and numerous Linux variants.

install and update virus protection on all mobile devices.


Dissecting android malware: Characterization and evolution.

our measures are able to control even dynamically downloaded and executed binaries, which was previously not enforceable in the Android framework.


[5] A. V. Aho, R. Sethi, and J. D. Ullman.

in Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Cyber Security Experimentation and Test (CSET), 2013.


It should be noted that even without encryption, the on-chip one-time pad encryption remains secure since the private key is not revealed.


To allow granting rights to a tree of objects, we considered the dynamic inheritance approach, as used in the Novell Directory Service [21]: if an access right is not granted on an object, then access is checked on all parent containers until the right is granted or the root is reached.

another weakness is that users cannot prevent untrusted code from accessing their data.


Clock cycles of execution CPUID instruction before and after loading VASP hypervisor.

there is no need to modify the original OS kernel.


This tolerance includes the initial calibration tolerance at 25.C, frequency changes over operating temperature, power and load .uctuations, and aging[17].

this is now a well-known and quite a natural protocol.


However, these techniques are not general in that they are based on heuristics that work well for PAYL but not necessarily other anomaly detection systems.

this above process is iterated for the desired number of iterations or until a satisfactory solution is produced.


For more detail, please see the W3C Web Cryptography Working Group Charter.18 The use-cases the group has currently accepted are, as given by the use-case document [4]: Multi-factor Authentication: A web application may wish to extend or replace existing username/password based authentication schemes with authentication methods based on proving that the user has access to some secret keying material.

the key insight of the Web Cryp tography is that the Web Cryptography API is actually not part of the security model of the Web.


Other recommendations include receivers white-listing programs that can run, and implementing modern OS defenses such as ASLR and DEP.

the L1 carrier is a continuous-wave carrier signal broadcast from each satellite at precisely 1575.42 MHz (ignor-Figure 1: An overview of the GPS radio signal production.


To see why sealing is important, consider the voting application example.

on the down side, the Trusted Computing Base (TCB) maintained by the trusted PaaS cloud provider is quite large, since the platform stack and support modules are part of C s TCB.


Also, advances in fault tolerance in particular, replication and load distribution have been very bene.cial to Web servers.

the .rst technique is based on multi-factor RSA moduli.


Moreover, the service provider receives individual user ratings at this stage (for which it issued authorizations beforehand) and could try to break user privacy at this stage.

moreover, the service provider could try to break anonymity of the user requesting reputation information at this stage (i.e.


Also, the client is able to access multiple data sources simultaneously.

real-time visualization of network behaviors for situational awareness.


With the M3O, we aim at providing a model for annotating structured multimedia content and to unlock its semantics for a better archiving, retrieval, and management of the content.

multimedia Vocabularies on the Semantic Web.


3.2 System Overview Our basic idea is to pro.le the user by exploiting the readily available .ne-grained CSI extracted from orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless networks, such as 802.11 a/g/n networks.

we examine the attack detection ratio by varying the threshold t .


It implies environments close to dynamic, partitionable and heterogeneous distributed systems where security is a big problem to resolve.

comanding user activities in ubiquitous environments.


[20], for example, shows how to exploit discrepancies in other circumvention systems that do much more than FTE in terms of attempting to mimic a target protocol [31, 46, 47].

then split partitions C' into C1'and C2'with |C1'| = t and |C2'| = m. The .rst portion C1'is forwarded to unrank, which produces a formatted string X .


There are key-generation schemes which attempt to generate strong and stable keys from biometric traits as discussed in [4].

biometric cryptosystems: issues and challenges.


Overall, participants passwords had a median bit strength of 41.4 and were a median of 8 characters long.

finally, after a month had passed, we emailed participants to inform them that they had taken part in a study on passwords.5 We included a link to an exit survey and o.ered a $2 payment for successful completion.


When a user executes the binary attached to the worm email, the worm infects the machine and searches for more email addresses.

the lower graph shows what happens when instances .agged by an anomaly detection system are prevented from searching.


To accomplish this goal, we extend a subset enumeration framework to search candidate roles for an RBAC model that addresses an objective function which balances administrator beliefs and permission utilization.

roles which consist of users with relatively similar behavior are desirable for detecting and preventing insider threats [14].


It is also naturally observed that the more frames that contain the watermark the easier the steganalysis.

we expect that the di.erence between Fn and Ffto be minimal if interpolation is successful.


Figure2: Normalized outputfor DTW-D. We remind that DTW-D, in its intermediate steps (cfr.

figure 4(a) shows (on y-axis) the correspondingFAR, and Figure 4(b) the corresponding IPR.


This additional information in the ADF approach is used to adapt the calculation by introduced confidence values Vj,t.

scenario 2 Comfort and Security related The second scenario is the voice-operated multimedia system.


In ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), April 2009.

in Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC), December 2005.


All the agents could start operating at a speci.c time, trying to login into accounts in a speci.c server using random passwords (or using a dictionary attack).

rational service providers will only switch to a new technology if the expected bene.ts exceed the switching costs.


[] 4 The Boneh-Shaw Code As a primitive, Boneh and Shaw [3] construct a secure (t,c + 1)-coding scheme, where £ = O(c 31og(I/e)).

this means that no secure code has  e = o(e log(A)).


The resulting private boolean vector is converted to integer vector containing zeroes and ones and then summed together resulting in private count.

tASTYL thus included reclassi.cation operators for converting data between these two modes of protection.


It was di.cult to perform audits on groups, because groups in RACF were highly granular.

we can t argue whether the expected bene.ts are realized or not.


(Alternatively, the user could create and choose a new personal card).


Hence we envisage that there could be several di.erent classes of constraint monitors derived from some abstract constraint monitor class.

we believe a more ef.cient approach is to create a list of prohibited permissions associated with the user u.


Professor Varadharajan has published more than 320 papers in international journals and conferences, has co-authored and edited eight books on security, networks and distributed systems and holds three patents.

i will describe the notion that I refer to as increasing threat velocity, with more and more attacks and their dynamic nature, an evolving set of bad guys with different motives and sophisticated easy to use tools readily available for ordinary users to conduct severe attacks.


In the example in Figure 2, the already-relocated value in the run code is 00111100, so val = 00111100.

figure 1: Generating replacement code based on a patch (Part I of generating a Ksplice hot update) object code layer will need to .nd a way to deal with this complication.


The primary di.erence between the traditional host agent and our newly developed mobile agent is the constraints on resources like power and CPU cycles.

in Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-VIII), pages 61 66, Schloss Elmau, Germany, May 2001.


This might be more restrictive than necessary.

in European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS), 2009.


Tail Mass Test Min (LP) Median (LP) Max (LP) Pre.x (h=10) 67 (#23) 1,178 (#8) 17,784 (#40) Pre.x (h=20) 0 (#23) 63 (#17) 3,027 (#40) AS (h=10) 163 (#23) 1,135 (#8) 4,967 (#40) AS (h=20) 10 (#23) 142 (#8) 1,701 (#40) Table 1: Listening point tail mass density (number of distinct paths observed from peers and other points across the Internet) and stability (rate of discovery of new paths).

the route attestation is a signed statement of the AS identity, the paths, the pre.x and the AS to which the announcement is directed.


Moin comprises over 91,000 lines of code in 349 modules.

if p is writing faster than q can read, then the reference monitor will buffer up to a .xed number of bytes, but then will stop reading from p, eventually blocking p s ability to write.


We also minimize Shield s maintenance of protocol and message parsing state for scalability (Section 4.1).

the number of shields on an end host should not grow arbitrarily large, because each shield will presumably be removed when its corresponding vulnerability is patched.


Then all the execution paths obtained by processing inputs that match F (in the same settingas the sample exploit) execute the se ProcessMessage(char* msg, char *p0, char* p1) { char buffer[1024]; if (msg[0] > 0) *p0 = msg[0]; if (msg[1] > 0) *p1 = msg[1]; if (msg[2] == 0x1 && *p0 != 0) { sprintf(buffer, "servers%s%c", msg+3, *p0); StartServer(buffer, p1); }} Figure 6: Example to illustrate bene.t of using dynamic information to remove operands from live.

the branch that checks msg[0]>0 is not added to the slice.


This is due to the observation that tree-based XML parsers tend to keep an internal mapping of wsu:Id values to tree nodes, which is updated every time a new wsu:Id is found in the XML parsing process.

hence, that SOAP request message was authorized to trigger operations on behalf of the owner of the X.509 certi.cate.


Don t bump, shake on it: The exploitation of a popular accelerometer-based smart phone exchange and its secure replacement.

personal as well as company data which deserves adequate protection is stored and processed by these mobile devices.


An exception occurs when an instruction execution requires services ordata at ahigherprivilegelevel k than the currentlevel r. AfunctionfE,r.k speci.es the .rst instruction of the exception handler at ring k that handles the particular exception occurring at ring r. Theinstruction execution semantics dE introducedinSection 3.1 can be extended to include two parts.

modern malware contain a myriad of anti-debugging, anti-instrumentation, and anti-VM techniques to stymie attempts at runtime observation [16, 42].


We should note that decryption .ts in the processor s pipeline and no extra cycle is spent on it.

first, we added two new .elds in the process table records (task_struct in Linux kernel): the process s key and the asist_mode.


Based on these encouraging results, a Python-based prototype MT system has been developed  Figure 2: Three primary components of the prototype GA-based MT system and the general order of operation.

a chromosome s total .tness is the sum of the  ·104 80 5.5 70 5  Average Fitness Score 60 50 4.5 40 4 30 20 3.5 Generation Generation (a) Average population .tness (b) Average (sampled) diversity Figure 3: Diversity and .tness comparisons of the genetic algorithm with parameter value mutation, the genetic algorithm with parameter domain mutation, and random search.


The M7 .le shares three common .ngerprints, while the M8 .le shares only one.

assuming compressing plain executablesdecreasestheirsizeby30%[40,41], applying compression before mimimorphic transformation thus can also lower thepayload sizeincreaseby30%.


Note that, in order for a DIC query to be satis.ed by a variable assignment, both conditions (a) and (b) must hold.

the complement query q c is de.ned to be DIC (pol , l, DS ds).


As already discussed, the mo.~t costly part of an RSA key generation is the prime finding procedure.

the algorithms were opfindzcd for smart cards that have crypto co-processors, without any effort of optinuzing the underlying adgorithms.


Molva and Bagga s scheme allows for policies that are made of combinations of rules, but don t include information about the action allowed on the resource for those who fit the policy.

a doctor may not notice or remember that he still has files on his PC when leaving the hospital.


If there exists an agent j who can obtain a greater amount of voyeurism, on expectation, from one of his possible inputs, then he will always choose to declare this input.

we say that f is (locally) dominated if there exists a type for some agent which determines the output of the function.


In particular, since e-Government is a multi-disciplinary area, common concepts and vocabulary play a relevant role in the development of any e-Government-related initiative.

understanding new models of collaboration for delivering government services.


ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 15(4):706 734, Oct. 1993.

backus Normal Form vs. Backus Naur Form.


Controlling Data in the Cloud: Outsourcing Computation without Outsourcing Control Richard Chow, Philippe Golle, Markus Jakobsson,    Ryusuke Masuoka, Jesus Molina Elaine Shi, Jessica Staddon PARC                Fujitsu Laboratories of America {rchow,pgolle,mjakobss,eshi,staddon}       {ryusuke.masuoka, jesus.molina} @parc.com @us.fujitsu.com  ABSTRACT Cloud computing is clearly one of today s most enticing technology areas due, at least in part, to its cost-efficiency and flexibility.

coghead [13] is one example of a cloud platform whose shutdown left customers scrambling to re-write their applications to run on a different platform.


The Primary Response from Sana Security is another host-based behavioral approach that monitors running applications and employs multiple behavioral heuristics (e.g., writing to registry, calls to keylogging procedures, process hijacking, etc.)

when an anomaly is detected at a client i, e.g., by monitoring its delay queue length (or via a malware detection agent running at the server), the algorithm increments a client alert level (di) by a value dk i that depends on the severity of the alert.


Tygar, "Distillation Codes and Applications to DoS Resistant Multicast Authentication", In Proceedings of the 11th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS '04), February 2004.

signing every multicast packet with a digital signature incurs high overhead, which may be impractical for many resource-limited devices.


Vigilante enables hosts to use any detection engine provided it generates an SCA of a supported type.

it will fail veri.cation for multi-message exploits.


be e.ciently trapped, a successful (untrapped) memory access actually serves as a check and narrows the range down to the data region.

the compiler is not in the TCB in our system.


The 0.001% false positives of the dynamic analysis result from web pages redirecting error messages of JavaScript to customized functions.

only (m - q) dimensions are non-zero in the vector f(x), irrespective of the dimension of the vector space.


Given RL, another honest signer computes his signature s ensuring that the signer of s is di.erent from the signer of s in RL.

the trevocability requires that for all PPT A, the probability that A wins the revocability game is negligible.


Note that Microsoft Outlook is not fully configured on the Application Servers.

citrix® recommends that you only install print drivers that are compatible with Terminal Server.


Also these small modifications should be resistant to some unintentional as well as intentional attacks.

this band will be selected to optimize the watermarking strength using PSO.


More speci.cally, this paper makes the following contributions: We develop automatic methods for identifying platformindependent gadgets and assembling gadgets into programs.

we also thank Jessica K. Hodgins, Lujo Bauer, and Raj Rajkumar for providing the variety of hardware needed for this paper.


One solution could be to invoke this function with the appropriate arguments to copy the injected code into program memory.

furthermore, instructions injected into data memory (such as stack) can be executed.


METHOD It is expected that any break to a physical network connection, and subsequent loss of availability to the Tor network, is likely to have a detrimental e.ect on the performance experienced by the mobile user.

support for the hypothesis would suggest that the current design of Tor, in terms of supporting mobile users, may not be suitable since any re-submitted requests, and/or data lost in .ight, may not only impact the mobile user, but could also potentially impact the wider Tor network through additional network tra.c and/or congestion.


Since a protomatcher consumes more memory than a vanilla Snort, a protomatcher-based Snort might su.er more cache misses.

not all tra.c that contains this string is a real DNS-tools attack.


ASLR s main idea is to randomize the locations of various important memory objects, which include the load addresses of program images.

thisisshowntobenotsu.cientinsomecasesand will crashsome programs, andthis problem isdiscussedlater.


Comparison of the two presented output functions reveals that EP (ensemble prediction output) is the most responsive measure for detecting attacks; however, it comes at the price of a higher FPR.

the key assumption of this strategy is that it is possible to obtain a complete picture of almost all normal states in the network and thereby reliably infer that any other state is anomalous.


There were 16 extraordinarily active nodes, which had over 50 .ash drives insertions monthly, on average.

impossible, computer owners and Internet café managers reformat their machines with relative frequency.


Figure 2: Security Features of the Mirage Image Management System A provenance tracking mechanism that tracks the derivation history of an image and the associated operations that have been performed on the image (through the image repository API).


In Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (Washington, DC, USA, 2001), SP 01, IEEE Computer Society, pp.

if we only aim to govern services, we would need policies for each service and each sudo and setuid process invoked by those services.


The number of descendants of non-leaf nodes u of T depends on the symbolic action Au = v = f(d, .

generic sort we can do better if we have more information about the given protection domain kind.


In the dawn of the Internet, there were only colleagues and there was almost no malicious software at that time.

it was hard to choose which line of the data is important for us or not.


Without ensuring data integrity, the usefulness of data becomes diminished as any information extracted from them cannot be trusted with suf.cient con.dence.

comprehensive integrity control systems require continuous monitoring and checking for the integrity of data.


In addition to protecting PINs from agents and network operators, the scheme enjoys other security properties like resistance to skimming attacks and shoulder-surfing attacks, which makes it of potential interest in domains outside of mobile banking.

recall your PIN, say x1x2x3x4, and return the 4 digits which are located in the x1th, x2th, x3th and x4th positions of the nonce, in that order.


Remote software-based attestation for wireless sensors.

andi r1, r7, 0x7c0 tmp4 = r7 & mask1 xor r4, r4, r1 r4 = r4.


In Proceedings of Twenty-First ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (Stevenson, Washington, USA, October 14 -17, 2007).

"Survey of Virtual Machine Research", Computer, 7, (6), (June 1974), 34-45. iii Popek, G. J. and Goldberg, R. P. 1974.


Without loss in generality, we assume that D contains only the terms that are present in the context of at .

eRASE works by .nding terms common in the entities context and the document, and does not rely on a parser.


D(eval) the test data by comparing its prediction f (x) to the true label y for each (x,y).

no proven defense against evasion has thus far been proposed.


Each graph shows the percentage of passwords in each password space for each PTP variant condition.

the medians of 0 show that the majority of those errors occurred on a small number of trials.


In addition, 9 out of 10 (90%) secrets in the DAS group were centred or approximately centred within the drawing grid.

7.4 Weak Passwords It is not surprising that there were very weak passwords in both groups in each user study.


For example, a fun puzzle may be easier to remember.

in Proceedings of the IEEE, volume 94, pages 1948 1962, 2006.


The Code-RedI vl worm is memory resident, so an in- fected machine can be disinfected by simply rebooting it.

hMapping uses public data sources such as NHOI S and DNS, as well as specialized measure- ment to geographically place IP addresses.


Based on this formalization and a generic de.nition of a cost function, we formally de.ne the optimization problem sketched above.

condition (2) requires that future task executions satisfy the history-dependent authorizations in f, also accounting for past task instances.


CONCLUDING REMARKS As more and more transactions take place between individuals or between individuals and organizations who never met before, authentication has become one of the most important requirements for facilitating a robust electronic commerce platform.

certificate management can be accomplished either remotely through an Application Service Provider (ASP) service, or locally, using a personal key escrow scheme.


As further evidence, we also summarize the results of using our approach in a very different context, namely, detection of email .ooding attacks due to viruses.

this language makes it easy to apply our approach to deal with other higher layer (such as HTTP) or lower layer (e.g., ARP) protocols.


From equation (3) we know that 0 < a < 1, so the pole will always lies inside the unit circle.

researchers have also leveraged incentive schemes [12, 40] to encourage good behavior from Tor relays.


This protocol allows two parties one with a digitized genome and the other with a set of DNA markers to conduct a test, such that the result is only learned by the former, and no other information is learned by either party.

6.3 Multiple Substrings/Starting Locations In some applications, Alice might not know the exact starting position of a particular search substring: it could begin in several (v) possible positions.


The trust from CA2 to CA4 is that CA2 trusts CA4 regarding the validity of the certi.cates created and maintained by CA4.

finally, we de.ne the semantics of a more general form of trust relationships with a speci.c context but without a speci.c expectancy.


It cannot join as a sender because this would violate the MLS security policy, which allows the flow of information to be only upward.

only qualified people, based on their role members, can view it.


In Nymble schemes [14, 24, 11, 15, 16, 9], a set of trusted third parties (TTPs) manage the blacklist, allowing e.cient authentication and blacklisting but making both the SP and the user dependent on the TTPs for privacy and blacklistability.

pEREA: Towards practical TTP-free revocation in anonymous authentication.


8.4.4 Node fabrication attack Using node fabrication attack, the attacker can fabricate new nodes by manipulating the information from the captured nodes, such as the secret keys preinstalled in the captured sensors.

a key can be shared by more than one pair of sensors.


7In contrast to a normal threshold cryptosystem, here the threshold will only be reduced if the encryptor chooses to do so (by including dummy attributes in the ciphertext attribute set).

the .nal composite PRF is computed as PP Fk(GID)= PRF jk(GID) - PRF jk(GID).


twidroid Twitter client that optionally allows automatic location tweets.


In this Variant ECDSA, we introduced a two-level-value in verification and signing Algorithms.

sIGNATURES A Signature Scheme, which is also called Digital Signature.


4.3 UI Interaction Simulator When we traverse the UI tree, we will trigger the listeners of every UI element.

the Dynamic UI Trigger can detect one trigger condition of this behavior.


Since XACML 1.0 was standardized by OASIS in February 2003, a signi.cant amount of research work has been done on XACML.

itisnaturalfor anXACMLpolicy evaluation engine to examine all the rules in an XACML policy before making the correct decision for a request.


CL-PKC can overcome the key escrow problem, because the KGC does not have access to the user s secret value.

in order to evaluate its performance, we implemented our CL-HSC scheme and conventional hybrid encryption approaches.


We then modify the garbage collector to check this .eld when visiting an object.

users who want fewer false positives and more precision may decide to turn on per-element taint tracking for arrays, at which time lazy tainting will be able to provide even greater memory savings.


Note that the lower the target value, the harder the problem solving.

sIAM Journal on Computing, 17(2):281 308, April 1988.


Today Cisco recommends that users use newer and stronger EAP methods such as EAP-FAST, PEAP, or EAP-TLS.

with the high level of security comes a decrease in efficiency.


Checking perfect privacy in this setting is even harder.

there are subclasses of conjunctive queries for which Step H3 is tractable [7, 20].


While notions for dynamic CFGs are possible (e.g., by a dependency on the execution history of the program), every CFI enforcement for dynamic CFGs would need a runtime component, which holds and updates the CFG in a way the attacker cannot compromise.

we also processed two well-known crypto algorithms.


(The full path from the program s entry point is needed in order to calculate the path condition [21].)

previous hardware-oriented security evaluation procedures are no longer adequate, and new techniques are needed to integrate software analyses into information security evaluations of electronic devices.


(s, c)bytaking the union of all classes for each subject: [ G(s)= .

the subject can directly access the object in the speci.ed mode.


This modeling and validation process is an attractive choice for security engineers seeking to certify that a given model provides provable guarantees.

all or no elements of (S, O, A) may change during the transition.


The Open Web Application Security Pro ject (OWASP) regularly lists XSS as one of the top three security vulnerability problems on the Web [24] and in its yearly analysis report [27], Whitehat Security lists XSS vulnerabilities documents that 43% of all discovered serious vulnerabilities can be accounted to XSS.

abstracting what a password manager s task is, we see that it should aid users in the login process to Web applications.


It has been proven that the probability of reaching the global minimum by simulated annealing approaches 1 in a properly chosen annealing schedule [21].

finally, in Section 6 we conclude and propose directions for future work.


Cloud applications are deployed to occupy the full capacity of the cloud, i.e.

in our experiment, we do not di.erentiate the trustworthiness of a state, as our main purpose is to evaluate how the changes in state are discovered.


For each speci.c application, lots of manual e.orts are needed to identify and .x such pointer .ows between modules.

for each direct (relative or absolute) jump or call instruction, the instrumented slow prefetchnta instructions at the beginning of the jump target will be always executed.


Based on the process of abstract design, this includes: identifying the key factors to form the observation vector and determine the vector space; designing an appropriate answer set for de.ning the decision function; and identifying the actions which the security mechanism may take to produce the execution space for de.ning the enforcement function.

the access control decision and enforcement functions (or simply, the AC functions) associated with a target formally represent the behavior of the mechanism used to enforce its policy.


In this way, while cloud S1 knows the permutation used in the shuf.ing, it does not see which blocks the client requests from S2 later.

dGE-0946797, by a DoD National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, NSF grant CNS-1314857, a Google Research Award, and a grant from Amazon Web Services.


Consider the situation after 1000 trial guesses.

figure 9 shows the results for guessing the Gawker passwords, in terms of fraction of passwords recovered.


the pressing concern at the moment is not simply with advancing the state of the art in theoretical security, but with being able to incorporate powerful security technology into the kinds of networked computational environments that more and more people rely on every day.


This is achieved by write-protecting the guest page tables, maintaining shadow page tables and virtualizing the CR3 register.

in Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 2 13, New York, NY, USA, 2006.


It can just write and therefore it is not suitable to build a keystroke logger.

darkReading: http://www.darkreading.com/security/ vulnerabilities/showArticle.jhtml?articleID= 221600872&cid=ref-true, Nov. 2009.


This also implies that the SP trusts that DS keeps the integrity of the policies.

xDAuth leverages a trusted delegation service to serve as a decision making point for cross domain access requests.


EHR Access Attacks: Represented in Figure 3 (b), this attack represents the situations where the communication link between the coordinator and the EHR is compromised primarily through a man-in-the-middle attack.

we contend that both security and safety need to be enforced in IMDs to ensure that the patient s health outcomes are not worsened under any circumstances.


Further, data structures are de.ned individually for every application.

aCM Transactions on Information and System Security, 7(1):128 174, February 2004.


Therefore, the throughputs reported are not what a NIDS/NIPS achieves when monitoring a network link online.

unfortunately, these overheads are by design inherent to BinPAC parser, and thus cannot be removed by implementation optimization.


The published attacks on CAPTCHAs [1,2,3,4] have taught us that segmentation is harder than recognition; indeed, [2] reports that bots are better than humans at the task of recognizing distorted single characters.

framework for Evaluation of Text Captchas Achint Thomas Kunal Punera Lyndon Kennedy Yahoo!


We compare the storage systems (listed in table 1) by taking a look at each security feature and discussing the advantages and disadvantages (if any) of the security mechanisms used by these systems.

it is evident that for all practical purposes it is di.cult to build a storage system that can satisfy all the listed services.


Virtual trip lines for distributed privacy-preserving traf.c monitoring.

in the domain of mobile sensing, data is often generated automatically by the sensing application through a sequence of device reads and transformations such as compression or feature extraction.


Speci.cally, we achieve this goal by uploading a forged address book which consists of contact information of a large number of recommended individuals and randomly chosen phone number owners.


[36] X. Zhang, S. McIntosh, P. Rohatgi, and J. Grif.n.

the second step in the build process ( Allocate physical memory map ) generates a potentially-large amount of data that must be validated before it is used inside the TCB.


103 In demons, we apply these concepts to a distributed measurement system which allows dynamic composition of blocks, by chaining them together by their gates, or well de.ned interfaces, on a network of processing nodes.

[3] Burkhart, M., Schatzmann, D., Trammell, B., Boschi, E., and Plattner, B., The Role of Network Trace Anonymisation under Attack , in ACM Computer Communications Review, 40(1) pp.


suspicious behavior he observes on his computer.

because this code is created by a program during run-time, and may even be recompiled and optimized while being executed, the hash of the code page will not be present in Manitou s hash list.


On the surface, this seems like a minor extension of the classic return-to-libc attack, one that depends on an arcane side-effect of the x86 s variable length instruction set and is painful and timeconsuming to implement, yielding little real threat.

4.5.1 Branch Always The branch always gadget (jump T1) uses one instruction sequence consisting of a ret, restore, as shown in Fig.


The attacks presented break SSO systems even if strong multi-factor authentication (MFA) is deployed: MFA only protects the initial authentication with the IdP, but we target the system only after the user is authenticated.

we were able to compromise the security of both IdPs with a combination of XSS and UI redressing attacks.


The random nature ofPUFs ensures that eachiteration of ROK computation willproduce a unique, unpredictablekey.

[11] K. Lofstrom, W. Daasch, and D. Taylor.


User-driven state in routers facilitates e.cient content distribution at the network layer.


[2] K. R. Butler, S. McLaughlin, and P. D. McDaniel.

few studies have addressed the problem of preventing persistent rootkits.


It .ts up to 1556 bytes but is very compact on short messages.

we furthermore discuss mitigation techniques against this type of attack.


Also, instead of signing each message with all the keys, it is possible to form a certi.cation chain of the keys.

in this paper we do not consider any such relaxations.


The plugin intercepts this form before sending to merchant and initiates the customer and issuer pre-approval protocol.

it never took off because of the unreasonable cost and complexity involved in the scheme [10].


Much of the academic research in applying statistical analysis and machine learning to the problem of mobile malware takes a software-centric view, focusing on analyzing software packages to determine if they are malware.

our approach of using lightweight instrumentation to identify potentially vulnerable devices can help reduce the impact of the privacy concern.


our results indicate the overall usability to be very good.


in [22] two protocols are presented: ShaVe and ShaCK.


Roughly, the running time of n MCMC steps in our experiments is 0.18s for polblogs, 4.1s for wiki-Vote, 9.5s for ca-HepPh and 22.9s for ca-AstroPh.

in addition, some latest studies [4, 1, 15] attempt to answer graph queries under a more stringent instantiation of di.erential privacy known as node di.erential privacy [12].


It is these unique requests that will be studied in the rest of the paper.

when looking at the heatmap of the tokens of the last requests it becomes clear that the reason for the score is the perfect 0.0 score for the token 1.0 that dominates the score of the request as a whole.


Most existing schemes su.er the node capture attack [1], by which an adversary might easily capture a group of sensor devices to acquire their sensitive data and then derive some secret information to further compromise the subsequentkeysbetween other non-captured nodes.

an attacker who compromises t+1 nodes can use interpolation to recover the masterpolynomial f(x,y).


3.2 Notation and Key Hierarchy We list the notations and key hierarchy here.

[25] Q. Zhang, C. Guo, Z. Guo, and W. Zhu.


Intuitively, if the oracle responds TERMINATE then low-security information is suf.cient to determine that c will terminate.

s and an output occurs to channel l ' such that l g l ', then the output release counter for level l is incremented, and l is removed from S. We refer to S as the set of pending levels.


Towards Fine-Grained and Application-Centric Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks* Nelson Matthys, Rehan Afzal, ChristopheDanny HughesHuygens, Sam Michiels, and Wouter JoosenComputer Science and Software Engineering IBBT-DistriNet, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Xi an Jiaotong-Liverpool University B-3001, Leuven, Belgium 215123 Suzhou, China{.rstname.lastname}@cs.kuleuven.be daniel.hughes@xjtlu.edu.cn ABSTRACT sharing of WSN infrastructure amongst various applications over time, security plays a crucial role in controlling inter- The emerging reality of wireless sensor networks deployed actions between the components that compose applications.


The .tness value is calculated from the result of real user tests, providing a qualitative measurement of the individual s genotype for deciding whether this individual will carry on to the next generation.

aLPS: the age-layered population structure for reducing the problem of premature convergence.


The grouped protection operation achieves better performance since it reduces the number of dynamic protection operations.

data layout 2 afford protecting v1, v2, v3 and v4 together at P1; protecting v5, v6 and v7 together at P2; protecting v8, v9 and v10 together at P3; protecting v1, v2, v5 and v6 together at P4; and protecting v8 and v9 together at P4.


The security proof of LP falls apart for U-LP because of the use of the uniform distributions.

it is easy to see that if the samples bn+i are uniform, so are the transformed samples b1i and thus A in step 3 is queried with uniform input.


All these factors altogether lead to serious difficulties in models coordination and reuse.

valuable independent contributions of research team members are marked by the references in the table as well.


The display fraud detected by DECAF requires the user to run the app (so that ads can be obscured), and to interact with it (so that the user can be coerced into clicking on an ad).

since there are many ad providers for Android (over 80 according to [2], and likely many more that are small or operate in other countries), it would be prohibitive to manually reverse engineer each ad provider s ad serving protocol to determine which URLs correspond with ad requests.


Hence, we are concerned with security risks with respect to LBS servers and data users: LBS servers: Similar to [15, 16], we consider Honest but Curious servers.

to achieve our goal, we make the following contributions: 1.


If it finds more than one surname as substring then it returns the longest surname, which is substring of the e-mail address.


A phase is tainted if the adversary purely relays communication between a reader-adversary and an adversary-tag session.

a has an advantage over any simulator S.  3.3 The Swiss-Knife Protocol The Swiss-Knife protocol [15] aims to achieve privacy as well as ma.a, terrorist, and distance-fraud resistance, and employs two lazy phases: the .rst precedes the time-critical phase, the second follows it.


Cooperating with virtual machine techniques, we can also develop an out-of-box scanner.

the signature pages always are read only after being created.


Another level of isolation is needed between trusted and normal resources within a single engine.

as aforementioned, an engine has its private trusted resources and normal resources, and can receive inputs from and provide outputs to other engines.


We would tag cookie with HttpOnly as long as either its entropy or length falls into the range of a credential cookie.

we evaluate these algorithms in a real browser on popular websites to demonstrate Zan s ability to prevent attacks without a.ecting compatibility or adding overhead to the system.


Report on the Review of Patient-Identi.able Information, 1997.

[21], Martin and Xie [25] presenting a test case generation approach (based on change-impact analysis, respectively, mutation testing) for a subset of XACML [27] and that of Hu and Ahn [20] presenting a conformance testing approach for RBAC models using SAT solving techniques.


The third step is to measure the determinism of the speci.c system resource identi.er, e.g., .lename or mutex name.

as we can see clearlythatCon.cker needs to checkthe existence of some mutexesinthe systembeforeit actually starts the infection.


Risk Engine and Algorithm The App s workflow is as follows: the risk engine continuously samples and computes spatial entropy in designed timeframes and saves it as historic distributions.

the coordinates are used to compute distance, but not saved.


Figure 1 illustrates an example for a secure .rmware upgrade of an FPGA-based network router.

in addition to lost IP, in a security-critical environment reprogramming the attacked FPGA with an ill-intended modi.ed code, e.g., to accomplish malfunctioning or to unnoticedly implement a hardware trojan [21], is a particularly damaging option.


SECURITY PROOFS We now prove that our mixnet o.ers optimal anonymity in the case where the adversary does not learn any input/output relations, i.e., when |A(I)| = 0.

the probability PA(k, s0, s1) is the probability that the path of the element that started in slot s0 goes through slot s1 after k rounds of mixing, in the view of the adversary.


Focusing on detecting attacks against individual clients is a motivation for this paper.

following SANS, we employed our mobile honeyclients at the DEFCON 17 hacker conference.


[12] J. Jung, V. Paxson, A. Berger, and H. Balakrishnan, Fast portscan detection using sequential hypothesis testing, in In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, May 2004.

3.2 Step II: Service-Behavior Graphs While behavior vectors represent client-level observations as logged by the server, they do not describe interactions among the clients.


Network layer multicast has the advantages of efficiency, flexibility, and scalability.

4.1 Group Formation The multicast group formation and member access are done on the basis of node roles and the privileges that are assumed by these roles.


Personalized social search based on the user s social network.

with the enforcement of organizational MAC policies, Alice s request to share fr with Carl is denied as it violates the applicable policy p. As we can see, the support of MAC policies releases users from taking full responsibility of remembering and complying with every applicable organizational security rule.


This design decision contradicts the least-privilege principle, and easily allows an application (either benign or malicious) to access sensitive information.

these aren t the Droids you re looking for: Retro.tting Android to protect data from imperious applications.


In the system-wide tracing scenario, we change the strace.stp .le to record other system activities in addition to Trinity s operations.


In fact, these authentication methods do not directly authenticate a user s real identity but the ownership of some secret information.

in this paper, we propose a new authenticated key exchange protocol based on the exclusive secrets shared between friends.


Although we may not be the .rst to make this observation,wearethe.rsttodemonstratehowto leverage this fact while simultaneously respecting user privacy.

pseudonymous identities come at the expense of trust i.e., it is di.cult to determine whetherapseudonymhasbeencreatedby a legitimateperson or for malicious purposes such as spam.


In this spirit, Millen and Wright [2] have proposed dependers , an alternative to certificate revocation lists (CRL s) that are more suited to a bottom-up build 98 ing of a public key infrastructure than CRL s. Furthermore, note that while a straightforward application of cryptography can protect the privacy of data in transit from eavesdroppers, it does not prevent the receivers of that data from using it in unwanted ways.

most users are unlikely to modify their own software because of the inconvenience.


An electronic signature pad based contract signing architecture at a German insurance company.

this approach is applicable to legacy systems.


If A is a tainted address and B is an address calculated relative to A (e.g., B=(A+0x4)), then B will be tainted.

[Cavallaro 2008] L. Cavallaro, P. Saxena, and R. Sekar.


However, even in this case, such addresses should be anonyms for a third party.

an important question is whether alias addresses generated by the presented scheme are still regarded as PII.


attack on Grain-v1, by using a guess-and-determine attack to decrease the sampling resistance by R =2-18 which results in lower pre-computation complexity.

2.4 Attack on Other Estream and Block Ciphers Modes of Operation: We applied our attack to break various Estream cipehrs and block cipher modes of operation while the existing TMD attacks cannot apply.


P rocess then 21: DeleteThread(thread) 22: P rocess.Remove(thread) 23: end if 24: end if 25: return stack 26: end procedure Based on the context of execution, threads can be classi.ed into: (a) User level thread -These threads operate in user privilege level.

if an entry is created in the write cache of the TLB that also exists in the code cache of the TLB, a module is said to be unloaded.


They show that the effectiveness of an anonymized mobility trace in protecting location privacy not only depends upon the extent of obfuscation but also the .delity of the auxiliary information.

[30] R. Shokri, G. Theodorakopoulos, J.-Y.


without the use of compiler optimizations, the performance showed a slight improvement.


Bypassing these client controls by overriding the shell extension or breaking the clipboard viewer chain may cause the client to lose its functionality, but does not help to obtain any confidential information because the DOFS filter driver filters the file content on the server side.

in addition, we will apply a set of obfuscation techniques to the package program to protect it from reverse engineering by attackers.


the loop abstraction alone is not enough to capture them completely.


Comparing against other variants shows the data structures that were corrupted in order for the attacker to take control of the variant.

it is di.cult to compromise the monitor by taking control of a variant.


The following lemma is essential to our analysis and can be easily proved by induction.

then, by Theorem 12 and the algorithm of Dwork et al.


This is impossible in the simple set of credentials model of [24, 25].

there are a total of 2n rounds of communication.


Construction frameworks such as the Spring framework [5] provide support for separating page navigation from business logic.

cross-site scripting prevention with dynamic data tainting and static analysis.


Upon reaching defense node 6, it is restamped with stamp 012.

the resource request process is partic- ularly vulnerable to manipulation by malicious participants (who could request a large amount of resources at the ex-pense of others) and must be regulated.


Figures 1 and 2 show the prediction error with 10,000 iterations of the localization method: the former when there are no liars; the latter when two liars report false feedback.

the e.ect of liar nodes providing bad measures or false feedback is much challenging.


The PhorceField user experience is identical to a cognometric graphical password[10], which have been shown to be usable and to have memorable passwords.

we conducted a user study to verify that users will be unable to comply with a phisher s requests.


In this paper, we propose a framework to use computation and memory bound functions to enforce some level of trust implicitly to the p2p entities, which help in curbing vamming, at least to a certain extent.

although most of them are now based on proprietary signaling protocols, in future they are going to be based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [6], which is arguably the most dominant VoIP signaling protocol in packet based networks.


Since there exists a gap between time of measurement and time of execution, loading time integrity does not necessarily lead to stronger security assurance.

the building con.gurations may have huge amount of possible candidates and sometimes even in.nite.


Another future direction is to search for a better heuristic method to improve on the greedy algorithm s performance.

the total number 2tnPth 2tn of messages sent in time t is Nm = <.


If the data is uniform, then benign programs behave similarly from the model s point of view, and it is easy to capture their executions.


If she notices this page load, Alice may realize she was being phished.

when Alice clicks her bookmark, the URL is updated (without reloading) to include the token [username| secret_token], and the BeamAuth JavaScript poller reads this token from the fragment identi.er.


When an organization has a new user or when a user s post changes, the administrator only needs to assign a new role to the user Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.


This would remove the need to retransmit the entire message when a single chunk is lost.

3.1 Small Initial Messages Defense The defense in this section involves designing the protocol so that all messages are small until a cookie can be verified, and then having IKE (or a similar UDP-based protocol) pass a hint to the IP reassembly code as to which IP addresses should be preferred when reassembly resources are limited.


Due to these challenges, not surprisingly, we .nd that commercial proxy lists o.er a low precision in identifying PIPs and provide no support for distinguishing good PIPs from bad ones.

this assumption might not be true because a normal user s computer can be hacked and turned into a bad PIP so this nor- Table 10: The user reputation in July 2011, for users who had positive reputation back in August, 2010.


This can again be done by having Y handshake with Z.

1800 1600 1400 1200 poisoning, a peer Y receives a message which announces 1000 the existence of a node Z, where Z is the victim and not 800 a participant in the P2P system.


Moreover, the content element of the AC-XML document groups the credential expressions of all the access control policies that apply to a node under the same conditions (i.e., the same access mode and the same content condition) and having the same propagation option.

once all the nodes in r.nodes have been evaluated by ARevaluation(), the corresponding view is generated by Algorithm 1.