For example, GridLab-D and MapleSim allow users to specify parameters for an appliance (e.g., energy-baseline (kWh) or motor-power (kW) for a washing machine).

3.3 Additional Toolkits The SHF comes with a toolkit that contains (i) an optimisation and (ii) a visualisation package.


Controlled experiments also may not be valid outside the context of the experiment (external validity), as the tasks that researchers assign to programmers may not be representative of common programming tasks.

in H. R. Arabnia and H. Reza, editors, Software Engineering Research and Practice, pages 846 852.


VMTorrent: Scalable P2P virtual machine streaming.

the technique is much more general than this, and can help whenever one wishes to transfer VM state across a bottleneck network.


The above activities are discussed in the next sections, mainly focusing on the di.culties encountered.

so, to be portable, it was needed to add for T Bit Order use High Order First;.


hen adopting a real-time system for new QoSneeds, the developer takes appropriate aspects and components from the QoS aspect package and adds them to thesystem, depending on the application QoS requirements.This gives ability to produce a variety of diferent systemconfgurations with distinct QoS management algorithms,which corresponds to solving problem (P5).

existing QoS methods for real-time systems due to shortcomings (P5) and (P6) do not comply withessential QoS principles of enabling confguration and reuse[6].


(@1(vote)+@2(vote)+ ...+@n(vote)) >n/2 where,aproessstores1 inaloalvariablevote ifitisin favoroftheresolution,and0 otherwise.


The block erase cost is much greater than the cost of a page read or a page write operation.

our garbage collection scheme considers the associativity of blocks when choosing a victim block.


During the update the JIT compiler will also need to flag any superclass in the system in which running subclasses may be updated in future execution.

: Dynamic update of Java applications -balancing change flexibility vs. programming transparency, In Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice, John Wiley & Sons 2009, Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 81-112.


We found that, in the context of a large organization, contextual forces dominate the cognitive issues of using model-driven technology.

[5] John Hutchinson, Jon Whittle, Mark Rounce.eld, and Steinar Kristo.ersen.


There may be other hosts behind this LDNS that we would not have seen.

the LDNS acts as the proxy for all its clients.


It is worth mentioning that each communication channel is active in both directions, meaning that the distributed services collaborate in the process and provide their feedback on which machines are most appropriate for sleeping.

recent research has however focused on reducing power consumption in cluster systems as well, mostly motivated by their operational costs and reliability.


Unordered data include sex, language spoken, and yes/no questions.

it is designed to both make it easy for survey authors without programming experience to create simple surveys, and let more advanced users create sophisticated surveys.


Now, a set of alternate link utilization vectors (ALUV), Ai,p, can represent all the alternate (shortest) paths available to a message sent by the communication command, Mi,p.

energy-and performance-aware mapping for regular NoC architectures.


For instance, our measure might involve the cost or severity of failures, risk considerations, development costs, or maintenance costs.

accurate predictions require a long Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.


Clone detection using abstract syntax trees.

if one of similar code fragments has a defect, developers have to inspect the others.


propose a thread clustering technique to detect shared memory regions dynamically.

impact of Sharing-Based Thread Placement on Multithreaded Architectures.


and send, accept or reject friendship request(s) to/from other users.

as the number of SN users grows there is higher demand for users Quality of Experience (QoE).


The entire application is supported by Node.js at the server side and by modern Web browsers at the client side.

the group message facility is used to manage the player s activity.


S. Vahidinia, J. Cuzzi, B. Draine, E. Marouf.

from a user's perspective, the Amazon setup was just an N-node cluster that they could use to run applications.


As both mpi2Java and mpi2C+-t- are based on the same algorithm and have almost similar configuration of source codes, we think that the comparison between two implemen- tations is meaningful.

this could be implemented on a distributed memory parallel com- puter with a message-passing mechanism, where objects are distributed to each local memory.


Keywords Abstract syntax tree; code clone; code management; copy-and-paste programming; Eclipse integrated development environment; error detection; intent inference; Java.

developers do so when they see a similarity between an existing solution and a task at hand.


[10] G. R. Ganger, B. L. Worthington, and Y. N. Patt.

[11] S. A. Gorobets, A. D. Bennett, P. J. Smith, A. W. Sinclair, K. M. Conley, and P. D. Royall.


The model proposed (Figure 12) considers that to program a serious game for this context we build a model using the strategy design pattern [5].

arm training in multiple sclerosis using phantom: clinical relevance of robotic outcome measures.


1.2 Parallel branch-and-bound B&B algorithms can signi.cantly reduce the computing power needed to explore the whole solution space.

the parallel tree exploration model consists of simultaneously exploring several subproblems that de.ne different research subspaces of the initial problem (Figure 3).


when extending such a base language, one has to manually reestablish the soundness theorem for the extended language [31].


accurate performance prediction of parallel applications1 is dif.cult because the execution time of large parallel applications is determined by sequential computation time in each process, the communication time and their convolution.


Ksplice is designed to manipulate the text region, not to handle the memory objects in the Table 1: Downtime of ShadowReboot and normal OS reboot.

the VM fork downtime in winxp is 8.10 seconds at 2560 MB.


This diagram is modi.ed in order to .t in one page.

the set E of transformers is the disjoint union (denoted 1 ) of four sets: the set EFD of fraction distributors, the set ESD of substance distributors, the set EFH of fraction hubs, and the set ESH of substance hubs: E = EFH 1 ESH 1 EFD 1 ESD (2) The following functions are de.ned in order to assign different attributes to the different kinds of transformers: deg : E .


For this reason our proposed approach is e.cient.

if the result is false, it means that this candidate assumption is too weak.


We stress that our .ndings do not necessarily imply that advertising on Facebook is ineffective, since our campaigns were specifically designed to avert real users.

we used Facebook s reports tool for page administrators, which provides a variety of aggregated statistics about attributes and pro.les of page likers.


5.3 Re.ning Assumption (C) As it stands, assumption (C) is expressed as an equality between two corecursive programs de.ned using unfold, and hence may be non-trivial to prove.

rep   We denote this equivalent version of assumption (C) as (C ).


The chops produced in this manner will clearly be smaller.

if we perform forward dynamic Failure inducing input that the statement at line 12 in the source code was in error.


Second, in imperative languages such as C, .rst-order functions may prevent knowledge of the call-graph at compile-time.

the rest of the paper is organized as follows.


It allows customizing the semantic of the existing CVL variation points through a model transformation language.

the main e.ort consists of modeling the core architecture of the application.


Chilimbi and Larus [11] describe an enhancement to generational garbage collection for improving data cache behavior.

nfc 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 has many objects that escape a thread, but are shortlived.


Note that a similar problem occurs when we activate RCLs of an object and these RCLs also hold (parts of) some other object.

cONCLUSION The performance gain due to large on-chip caches comes at the price of increased leakage energy consumption.


From our empirical results, our approach is able to infer many high-quality MRs in acceptable time (i.e., from 9.87 seconds to 1231.16 seconds), which are e.ective in detecting faults with no false detection.

our approach is a black-box technique, which requires no source code under test and may be applied to scienti.c functions in various languages.


steps that are considered important as they are included in the standard but are not implemented in the company yet.

besides efficiency, processes quality is another key factor of a successful organization.


PostGIS has proven to be faster than one of the leading NoSQL solutions, called CouchDB for searching GeoJSON [25, 26].

13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing.


tures for an optional feature was possible, another naming scheme would need to be used to identify methods.

still, in this paper we focus on compositional and annotative approaches because they cover a signi.cant fraction of contemporary SPL implementations and reveal interesting differences concerning granularity of extensions.


These give AOSD tool developers higher-level abstractions with which to build and/or integrate AOSD tools and support for other artifact languages, such as UML, C++, XML, etc.

[3] D. Suvee, W. Vanderperren, and V. Jonckers.


After inspecting experimental results, we found that the prediction errors have a signi.cant impact on the transmission scheduling, a practical concern largely ignored by existing scheduling designs.

for BP and MLR, respectively, with different prediction lengths.


Like the original approach, our method is to some extent independent of, and can be parameterized by, the chosen adequacy criterion.

[6] C. de la Riva, M. J. Su´arez-Cabal, and J. Tuya.


This is especially relevant for the .eld values that are picked from a .xed list.

3.5 Field-value constraints This example extends the telephone-billing example to recognize that international calls have special requirements.


It is also their goal to provide tools to certify conformance with the profiles.

the Web services goal of cross-vendor and cross-platform interoperability begins to fall short when services start to use features beyond the two basic standards: Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP).


In order for an HR algorithm to perform well on multicores, three ingredients are required: 1.

[9] L. A. Barroso, K. Gharachorloo, R. McNamara, A. Nowatzyk, S. Qadeer, B. Sano, S. Smith, R. Stets, and B. Verghese.


Another noticeable property of our work is that our tool, based on the metamodel, ease in gathering examples.

we develop a comprehensive PCM editor; 3.


The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine.

webstore decomposes the contentkey, identi.es the signature of the document and the volume that hosts the correspondent block.


As an example, consider a multiset T containing tuples with .elds field1 and field2: (field1, field2).

no further subscripts will be added to the index set while the loop is in progress, including new tuples that have become ready after any modi.cations to T that may have occurred in the body of the forelem loop.


Our work in studying XP projects has found that this approach is already being applied with success.

i have organised this panel (as well as other events at other locations) in order to rouse both communities, to stimulate discussion, increase understanding, and maximise the potential of the opportunity presented by this new approach.


(c) The aggregate utility achieved by the system, and the utilities per source.

d. R. Karger, T. Ho, E. Ahmed, and F. Zhao.


Algorithms presented in Section 3 are extended to cope with multiple processor types of ideal processors.

researchers in [2, 13] targeted the maximization problem of the system reward under given timing and energy constraints.


We say that these elements are in the Prop hierarchy.

in Coq, we can construct functions in this mode, so ECoq uses it to enable the user to add information.


They also checked that each video was packaged with the agreed upon documentation and code featured in the video.

we sometimes make more than one attempt to correct a bug, in an effort to show that sometimes a first debugging hypothesis may not be correct.


The extra space for book keeping per process and ets tables is assumed to be negligible, since this is a handful of words per (large) object.

this ability comes at the cost of longer retention of old atom tables.


http://sumo.sourceforge.net/ [11] Timcenko, V., Stojanovic, M., Bostjancic Rakas, S. 2009.

there is a possibility that a number of neighboring nodes will be stopped at the intersections, causing formation of node groups in different time intervals.


Even worse, most LTL model checkers do not use a special model checking algorithm for strong fairness, i.e., they do not sup- port verification of strong fairness at the algorithmic level.

temporal events (timeouts) can only occur if some timers have reached their limit, see below.


A similar question was raised through the work of Dinkelaker and Mezini [DM08] where DSLs are used to de.ne advices of aspects.

they can thus also be applied to domain-speci.c join-point models.


Since it is hard to produce 100% correct and complete trace links, it is clear that the application will suffer.

such an across-the-board quality reduction is a valueneutral solution because it affects the quality of all trace links equally.


Reuse in the large programs then proceed to restructure development so their common pieces are built once and then customized for specific products.

they began to use it as a mechanism for communicating with the people in their project teams.


Hangs might be either silent or non-silent.

starting from this detection event and on the alarms received from single monitors the most proper countermeasures can be triggered.


Here the M constructor (for mutable ) is equivalent to ref type constructor in ML.

overview of A DA P TO N We illustrate how ADA P TO N works using a simple example inspired by a typical user interaction with a spreadsheet.


Educators had to choose between toy languages (like Budd s Little Smalltalk [2]) and proprietary extensions like Object Pascal and Objective C. Just when Smalltalk became a feasible choice, Java and C++ appeared on the scene, further fragmenting the educational community.

the language design process should be as open and transparent as possible, and the resulting language speci.cation should be vested in the community.


[24] attempted to discover and exploit the inter-iteration stride patterns of load instructions through e.cient o.-line pro.ling.

table 2: Parameters related to prefetching on the Pentium 4 and the Athlon MP.


Boolean which is the type-theoretic type corresponding to the Scala type of test1.

in summary, the relationship between type classes and OO programs is this: every type class program translated using the dictionary translation corresponds to a OO program encoded using a simple form of the recursive records functional OO encoding.


Some examples of these controller boards are the Object-Oriented PIC Board, the Handy Board, and the Parallax Basic Stamp Module.

an H-Bridge is simply a set of four switches with protective .yback diodes.


5.2.3 Self-efficacy Self-efficacy is defined formally as the belief in one s capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations [3].


In addition, it is di.cult to build analytical models that can predict how combinations of optimizations will interact with each other.

the solid line represents the actual speedup and two dotted lines show the speedup estimated by two prediction models.


In the result of Security and E.ciency, it is considered that the lower score represents the better architecture.

this is a typical technique to evaluate the values by simulation.


Of all these vocabularies, the most comprehensive is the BODC-SeaDataNet but its relational system doesn t go beyond the concept of thesauri relations.

there is a need to provide precise descriptions of the onboard instruments and also the acquired data, as a whole, to be consumed by onboard systems and scientists, but also to be integrated in the different Data Centers that provide data to a very broad marine community (research centers, governments, decision makers, etc.)


700, 000 MB (~ 685 GB) Playback rate B F 6 Ml~'its/sec .

when the data skew factor is increased, PB algorithm takes advantage of the data access skew condition and put the hotter objects in the higher bandwidth servers.


Speci.cally, the codomain type of modular_nnf does not actually enforce the negation normal form property.

delayed representation requires a type corresponding to each constructor, called a .elds type.


Furthermore, all database access functionality, though at times not oblivious, is aspectised.

[16] D. Holmes, J. Noble, and J. Potter, "Towards Reusable Synchronisation for Object-Oriented Languages", ECOOP Workshop on Aspect-Oriented Programming, 1998.


On the other hand, the type of a1.mutex and a3.mutex is T1 and the type of b1.mutex and b2.mutex is T2.

oMEN did not detect any new deadlock across all the benchmarks.


P (j, m) indicates the power consumption of core m when executing task j.

m. Based on the .oorplan, the set of neighbors of m, Nm, thermal conductance to a neighbor, Gn(m, n), and thermal conductance to the heatsink element above it, Gh(m), can be calculated.


[60] Holbæk-Hanssen, E., Håndlykken, P., and Nygaard, K.: System Description and the DELTA Language, Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Report No 523, 1973.

b.: Associations: Abstractions over Collaboration, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man & Cybernetics, Washington D. C., 2003.


Both the metric result and the metric speci.cation are XML documents.

there is Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.


The potential for systematic reuse of ten subdomains, e.g., data management, are ranked high.

as these approaches did not entirely .t our purpose and domain we adapted them accordingly.


This is a very nice approximation since it eliminates the buffering energy consumption EBbit , which is a parameter tightly coupled with the network congestion whose accurate value can only be measured by time-consuming simulations.

with the increase of IP integration and component specialization, the heterogeneity of these designs also inevitably increases; this helps not only in optimizing performance for low power consumption, but also in keeping competitive design costs.


IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, June 1976.

just as component integration has presented tremendous challenges to software engineers, so too will the integration of heterogeneous connectors.


In the general case, the detection of contradictory preferences is an undecidable problem; even for the programs with bound-size terms (i.e., .nite domain), the detection is still an NP-hard problem.

(Ø) P roposition 3 (ii) If A is not an atom of a optimization predicate, then the proof can be done by a structural induction on the de.nition of the predicate for A (omitted due to the page limit).


Thirdly, there are some elements that have the potential to compromise spatial isolation when affected by transient faults that are Figure 1: KESO s architecture not safeguarded by our approach.

in addition, 301 reference checks and 97 object-header checks (76 on non-static method invocations, 21 on instanceof and checkcast) were emitted in protected KESO.


In this example, the interpreter will annotate the semantics with the tautology 20 = 5 × 4 .

win32.Evol contains transformations that, while preserving the semantics of the overall program, do not preserve the semantics of a block.


This technique is also confirmed by Cimato et al [5].

we choose a few core UI methods from Java Swing and Java AWT library and define the proper pointcut and advice pairs to log where such methods are called.


The memory requirements for storing a few local variables and parameters are low so that the software does not drive change.

because the work is done in parallel no time is lost (except for the memory bandwidth wasted to touch the object headers).


This can cut down on the number of configuration options encountered when configuring any given system.

in our Business Object DSL, Business Objects have a number of simple Attributes describing their title, name, primary database table, the default ID property to use to uniquely access records and so on.


D  2.2 Discussion Intuitively, the protocol achieves load-balance for two reasons.

this load balancing protocol can be used to store ordered data, such that the items are not hashed, but mapped to the DHT address space in an order-preserving way.


IEEETransactions on Software Engineering, 18(11):957 968, 1992.


If an associated type of an interface is frequently referred to in generic functions that use the interface as a constraint, it may be more natural to use type parameters.

by te-assoc-type, te-sym,and te-trans, .


For example, consistency checking is more confused by false positives than false negatives.

the Video on demand package is essentially a movie player that can search for movies, select, and play them (more detailed information is available in [4]).


The larger the payload...the more chances that something will not work well (P5) and it was always the case that a lot of code changes meant a lot of latency (P1).

the integration policy of the organization attempts to mitigate these risks by .rst requiring branches to integrate downstream (for example, from the mainline into a staging branch), resolve any con.icts and test, before integrating upstream.


First, to cope with the expected workload increase (scenario 1), the system should be con.gured in a three tier con.guration as shown in Fig.

both our measurements in the experimental setup and our experience during earlier work [23] showed that the application server, for which our model most accurately predicts utilization, would be the most likely bottleneck.


Software engineering is a young transdisciplinary enquiry that encompasses a wide range of contemporary mathematical entities, which cannot be described by conventional analytic mathematics.

on the basis of the HAM model, a wide range of applications of abstraction and formal inferences in dealing with software engineering problems have been discussed.


Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.2 [Programming Languages]: Language Classi.cations Constraint and logic languages, Concurrent, distributed, and parallel languages ; F.3.3 [Logics and Meanings of Programs]: Studies of Program Constructs Program and recursion schemes General Terms Languages, Theory  Keywords constraint programming, timed systems, expressiveness * The contribution of Mogens Nielsen and Frank D. Valencia to this work has been supported by Basic Research in Computer Science, Centre of the Danish National Research Foundation.

in one time unit (or interval) P and Q operate concurrently, communicating through the store.


The exception occurs on the line where frame is accessed the .rst time in method actionPerformed.


Simplified, the pre-operative ward patients are prepared for operations, moved over to the surgical department which then performs the operation before handing the treated patients over to the recovery ward.

our basic assumption is that traditional workflow oriented approaches are ill suited for this.


Public non-pure methods cannot be called by other methods, but may call methods in the other two levels.

even Stata s work does not handle additional side-e.ects.


4.3 Visualising Dynamic Behaviour Any modelling approach adopted by Infineon has to understand the dynamic nature of e, as structs can be generated and destroyed during a simulation.

in e the child class does not exist until it is generated at runtime, and it is not guaranteed that it will be generated, i.e., it would be possible to constrain the environment to only generate poodles and bulldogs, in which case although the possibility of a pug exists, it is never realised.


We discuss recent work that extends the idea of local-slack allocation by incorporating simple models of the data evolution to predict site behavior.

advances in sensor technology and miniaturization have led to the concept of the sensor network: a (typically wireless) collection of sensing devices collecting detailed data about their surroundings.


The difference between the two keywords is that members of a struct are by default accessible to non-class code (public), whereas members of a class are not (they default to private).

thus the convention is that the Sig class template takes the types of the arguments of the operator() as template parameters.


Our constraint network based approach does not have this problem because it determines a solution that satis.es the needs of all the loop nests (if such a solution actually exists).

of the 39th Design Automation Conference, pages 195 200, 2002.


This causes serious problems in case of GUI based Figure 4.

the overall approach could have been characterized as we do not have the time to be efficient .


2.2 Feature Interactions In most cases, features are developed and tested separately by several teams.

likewise, Segura [15] proposed using atomic sets in feature models which always occur together and, hence, do not have to be covered in combinations.


A. Roy, C. Fleckenstein, S. Zeisset, and J. Huang.

in this case the state of the memory goes directly from (x = 0, y = 0) to (x = 1, y = 1).


In general, it is hard to apply the code signing technique in a x86-based system because there are too many kernel modules.


our naive atomics implementation does not use shared memory.


This is because we need a VM on which all direct dependencies of the ancestor nodes have been built to test those direct dependencies.

tEST PLAN EXECUTION The test plan created by the process described in Section 4 may be executed in several ways.


Figure 3: Provenance graph of Word Count work.ow execution.

bLAST only had one Reduce task since the Reduce sub-work.ow merges the results into a single output .le on a shared NFS .le system.


Our primary goal was to discover which method the participants preferred and our secondary goal was to determine which method was more e.cient.

the graph can be used to create six di.erent de.nitions.


The other one adopts the same parameters as C1, except the nominal feedback gain K2 = [9.0812 4.8926].

we show that as long as the state stays inside a prede.ned envelope characterized by the faulty model and the L1-based HAC, L1Simplex can handle concurrent physical and software faults.


We define program logic, user interfaces, etc.

in the follow up studies, we focused on analyzing software similarity patterns in new, well-designed programs, and on generic design capable of unifying such patterns.


Moving Objects Databases: Issues and Possible Solutions, Keynote Address, Proceedings of the Mobile Data Management.

choros studied problem which the design and embodiment of spatiotemporal database system has, suggests the structure of spatiotemporal database system, and embodies it partly [5].


Because it is not known if a stack frame has already been modi.ed, all stack frames need to be restored, even though this is unnecessary.

the coroutines do not run in parallel, as it would be when each of them was started in its own thread.


In ordertobe ableto use ourprevious evaluation method[2], we restricted ourexperimentstobugsthat were .xedinasingleclass (74bugs).


In fact, the sampling method acts as a .lter to reduce the cache pollution.

the last con.guration is baseline memcached with 12 servers and a workload with uniform popularity distribution.


4.2.1 Protecting against Consistently Unveri.able Sybils With the collective veri.cation scheme, nodes can establish trust in veri.able neighbors.

honest users can use spare computation to support additional nodes.


The idea is, that modules encapsulate the information on how to achieve a goal, or a set of (related) goals.


34(1): 99115 (2008) [16] X. Qu, M. B. Cohen, G. Rothermel: Configuration-aware regression testing: an empirical study of sampling and prioritization.

smaller groups of similar tests are more likely to be failureinducing than larger ones; where similarity is measured in terms of structural coverage.


Multimedia .les (images, audio, video) contribute 100 GB of data.

using the application-speci.c chunking method, only 16 KB (Gnome) to 29 KB (Finder) have to be saved for the modi.ed archive.


Decision-Making Patterns The main objective of decision-making patterns is to determine when and how to recon.gure an adaptive system in response to monitoring information.

this pattern leverages re.ection to bypass access modi.ers of a component, as well as to introduce methods that may be invoked to retrieve the attribute s values.


The Java virtual machine must then initialize the values of these constants before it starts executing a Java application.

in the Ada implementation, this interrupt handler got priority over other tasks because it was a native hardware interrupt handler.


If application objects are wrapped, this guarantees that kernel objects hold only references to proxies of application objects.

.E[a.read(f, my)], S. .. .E[o], S. [re.ect-get] where S(a) = .c, F. and F(f) = o P .


A feature modelF indicates which features are allowed to be selected together on a conceptual level.

where DM 1 = DM {w, x, y} DM 2 = DM {w, x} DM 3 = DM {w, y} DM 4 = DM {w} Then, by Theorem 4 and c F t(,wehave our result.


The Machine that Changed the World: The Story of Lean Production.

challenges such as how to scale ASD to large contexts have also been identified [7, 8, 9].


Thetotal amount of time spent compiling is the same in both cases,but 100% utilization .nishes compiling sooner.

due to the higher cost and diminishing returns of higher opt-levels.


Its processing and databases are distributed over multiple computing platforms and locations.

assuming this artwork s current technical state, it is uncertain whether it would be a good candidate for display in the distant future, given its scarcity of documentation and the current state of contemporary conservation practice.


The rules CT-OUTER and CT-NEST de.ne the CT function for top-level classes C and nested classes T.C, respectively, using the top-level class table TCT.

some existing language mechanisms do help [6, 33, 31] but they do not solve the extensibility problems that we have encountered in developing Polyglot.


2008., Change, Configuration, and Release Performance Study, Identifying IT best practices, http://www.ca.com/Files/IndustryResearch/itpi_ccr_repor t.pdf, extracted on January 19, 2008.

their specific underlying objectives do differ.


The condition e T fq < 0 in Assumption 2.1 guar kq antees that e T kq x decreases at constant rate, until it reaches the jump criterion e T kq x = 0.

the observer switches to a waiting mode if an event occurs later than predicted.


Using transport level security the current state of the art is invocation of HTTPS [17].

therefore this paper1 aims at providing an analysis of the integrity of a SOAP Accountitself.


Since CCFinderX is known to produce false positives, we need to .lter out (email, commit) or (email, email) pairs with just a few common clones.

the three techniques that we applied are not perfect (precision and relative recall below 100%).


then Vc[i].J = tc = end if 18: /*Time stamps of ti that are always in past for tc*/ 19: if i = pthen Vc[p].S .

our tool explores newer regions to reproduce the deadlock resulting in a higher overhead.


A QDR in.niband network connects the nodes.

the number of tasks in an M-task program usuallydepends on the characteristics of theparallel algorithm and the communication behavior of the target execution platform.


All the information related to ongoing and solved incidents goes in the audit system in which incidents can be assessed along with the steps taken to solve them.

transparency and audit are two other important challenges.


In OOPSLA 2005 Workshop on Synchronization and Concurrency in Object-Oriented Lanaguages (SCOOL) (Oct. 2005).

for short transactions, these logs are append-only, and searching is never required for any transaction size.


In The Consistent Web, thanks to the introduction of the requirement that access to older versions of objects than those already accessed is not permitted, the inconsistency demonstrated above could be avoided.

as is the case with alternative mechanisms, the scalability of the algorithm severely restricts its usefulness.


By leveraging experience, knowledge and skills that users already possess, these interfaces offer the promise of interfaces that are easier to use.

though existing techniques could be extended in ad-hoc ways to address some of the aspects of reality based UI s, they would fall short of producing a comprehensible specification at a high level abstraction, which captures the dialogue from the user s perspective.


In a next step, we went back to the screen captures in order to inspect these particular patterns in detail.

next, we provided these categories to our data analysis tool, which divided each experiment into time spans of 30 seconds1 and counted the number of interactions for each category during a given time span.


Our transformation modi.es each function interface to accept the additional number of function arguments.

several embedded processor manufacturers and application developers are advocating the use of symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems to realize the scalable performance and power requirements of existing and future embedded applications [11, 34].


Di.erent optimization targets, for example power consump Figure 5: Comparison of execution time.

a cell can sustain 108-109 writes before a failure occurs.


Note that this is identical to saying that A, with a very high probability, sends a message to be through a node that is in F1 (provided the intermediate node is running a deterministic program which he indeed is)!

unless there exists a strong path from x to R in N * that does not involve nodes from B1 ' , x cannot in.uence R (using the data received from y).


Traditional software engineering assumptions do not hold on anymore.

categories and Subject Descriptors K.6.3 [Management of computing and information systems]: Software Management Software development, Software process.


DCE, instead, runs in simulated time so it can handle through time dilation all the tra.c without data losses, even though the experiment may sometimes take longer to run than the real-time scenario would take.

optionally, we provide a more e.cient ucontext-based [3] stack manager to allocate stack space with mmap and control the Program Counter of each simulated process by saving and restoring CPU registers entirely in user-space.


Therefore p1.delay() and p2.delay() cannot interfere.

class c pCnstr  { fin t. fCnstr t f mth }Q1 = p1 G= p, pCnstrs(c )G f c '  G ' G ' =G, this f t G '' G '' G '' ' =G ' , this c  f t f mth '' finF ields(c ' )= t . '


The results obtained in this simulation may be a partial representation of a real world scenario since more potential personal factors and environmental factors could be incorporated into the model.

more than one-third of U.S. adults (35.7%) and approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese [1].


Since malicious peers cannot expect to receive any high local trust values from non-malicious peers, they can try to increase their global trust value by teaming up as a malicious collective.

it is important that no pre-trusted peer be a member of a malicious collective.


However, it makes extensive use of objects, name spaces, and the like, which make the resulting code more complex than the graphics course requires.

this version makes no attempt to provide semantic value checking at compile time.


Accuracy of the system clock is dependent on the quartz crystal it is made of, and thus its accuracy depends on temperature.

the experiments were performed similarly as the tests for reference clocks.


A main advantage of modern DSL systems such as MPS [3](on which mbeddr is based) is that the DSL development environment and the runtime environment for the created languages are based on common IDE.

in these low-end markets there exists a large gap between the engineering e.orts required to con.gure an automation system and the e.ort automation companies and their customers can a.ord.


The recursion occurs based on the structure of the constraint.

consider a very simple queue whose port interface is shown in Figure 1(a).


Our experimental results demonstrate that Green-Hadoop can signi.cantly increase green energy consumption and decrease electricity cost, compared to Hadoop.

greenVarPricesPeak is still able to decrease brown electricity cost by 5% (by lowering the brown energy cost), while not violating any time bounds.


We have to de.ne the type switch so that only unambiguous casting between a source and a target within an object is possible.

in many implementations, thispointer adjustments required to dispatch properly the call were stored in the vtable along with function pointers.


As shown in Figure 7, the percentage of .les owned by multiple users gradually increases from 11% to 60%.

we tracked the development of the software product through its lifecycle and studied the applicability of Lehman s laws in understanding its evolution path.


AppScope: Application energy metering framework for android smartphone using kernel activity monitoring.

measuring or estimating the system energy consumption E for them will be less accurate and less ef.cient.


Next we assume that G contains no element of order 8, but has an element of order 4.

in 1845, Cauchy gave an early group definition.


As a consequence, the view extraction process is slow when dealing with very complex modules.

cookies, GET and POST parameters are examples of this type of entities.


it also increases the number of total instructions since it introduces the additional copyinstructions for passing intermediate values across the stages.


these tags are too high-level and not sensible to construct concept networks.


Workers serve as the interface to the serverside of the Replication Protocol.

table 3 shows the number of hours spent on activities to specifyand monitoring properties de.ned in Figure 4.


Debugging optimized code with dynamic deoptimization.

objects and arrays have di.erent characteristics that are relevant for inlining.


(Another complication would also arise when the type p is recursively de.ned.)

this 1The speci.cation of SOAP itself does not de.ne types at all (probably because parametric types are not supported by any schema language), but the above requirement is described informally in a natural language.


Encapsulation of concerns: Identification of concerns indicates how concerns impact software, but it does not itself ensure that the concerns are encapsulated.


fact); 5 if result == Current then 6 NotifyParents (Current); 7 return 8 if result == Pred then 9 Current = Current.TrueBranch 10 else 11 Current = Current.FalseBranch 12 if fact == Current then 13 NotifyParents (Current); 14 return 15 end ships between the type value in the fact fact.Value and the type value in current predicate current.Value to minimize matching.

other formulations can also be conceived that perhaps take a hybrid approach, but for the purpose of this paper we will not consider them.


One cluster has dual next time step, i.e., fB (S(k+1)), and we use prising two quad-core CPUs, with 8 MB L2 cache and 6 GB main (ui(k) - ui(k - 1))2 P (ui(k)- ui(k- 1))2 Opteron 250 (2.4GHz) processors with 8MB L2 cache and 8 GB main i to denote the control overhead.

during the execution, Perf (k)= is the performance vector that is observed at time step k. The outputs in our case are not likely to be a linear function of the set of inputs.


Refactoring Our refactoring eliminates equivalence statements, inserting copy statements, e.g., var1 = var2, whenever var2 is updated and var1 and var2 are equivalenced.

it introduces excessive code clutter if common blocks are used frequently.


[22] Y. Zhang, A. Finkelstein, and M. Harman.

this growth is not linear and even with signi.cantly high variations, it is still possible to reach signi.cant robustness levels with little loss in .tness value.


The problem with these approaches is that the distinction between controlled and monitored actions [26], and between descriptive and prescriptive behaviour [17] is not made explicit.

the behaviour models they synthesise in order to enact self-adaptation, may not be realisable by the self-adaptive system or unexpected results may be obtained when the self-adaptive system interacts with its environment due to non-valid assumptions that were not made explicit.


In the process, one should also care about some security properties (in our case, the secrecy of the issued ticket).

the orchestrator must not only be functional , but also secure , since its functionality should obey to the security requirements imposed on the composed system.


A lower threshold means that more features are rated as essential.

a natural outcome measure for the study is the number of features rated as essential from a list of candidate features.


1137  3.2 Modification of the Cleaner In the R-LFS, cleaning process will copy the valid data in the victim segments to lower region.

the cleaner should be modified for this change.


This is because the client has to recognize each of the parameter classes and present them to the user accordingly.

from one hand new algorithm classes can be easily added, as nothing depends on them.


Polyhedra-based condition evaluation S qtrue and S qfalse can not be precisely approximated.

a conservative approximation for i and j in both states is to assume that their value ranges correspond to those computed for S q .


On a subsequent security check involving a.f, R1 may be suf.ciently trusted, whereas R2 may not.

the intruder would have in.uenced the control .ow of the program.


In general, there are three types of widely used binary analysis platforms: disassembler, debugger, and virtual machine (VM).

obfuscation techniques can be categorized into anti-disassembler, anti-debugger, and anti-VM.


First, we start with the parameters for the proposed distance measure d. In this distance, a length for the approximation walk greater than zero implies that the instanceof expression is false.

the approximation constant a must be large.


4.1.1 Effects on the Baseline Compiler The baseline compiler provided by the Jikes RVM does not offer the possibility to inline method calls.

we do not remove the indirection for baseline compiled methods.


In fact, like in [1], our work is based on an optimistic approach to composition, i.e.,two services are composable if they can communicate properly in at least one design or con.guration.

in our case, messBill?.messP ayment!, the order imposed by Warehouse (behavior represented by GW -1), is a possible one for Client.the desired composition is possible and it is represented by G (Figure 1-(c)) .


Thus, the necessary communication patterns are yet unknown, and the requirements on the middleware are open.

we need a middleware that can easily be adapted to new communication patterns.


Since the model versioning system is able to perform composite operations on arbitrary models by interpreting the operation speci.cation obtained in Step 1, it is also capable of replaying them.

the replayed execution of a refactoring originally performed by one modeler encloses changes performed by the other modeler, which leads to a merged model combining both intentions and prohibiting merge problems [Brosch et al.


Labels starting with capital letters are logical variables.

the .rst clause states the value of variable X is an exp if the value of X is an integer between intmin and intmax (where we assume intmin and intmax are variables that contain the minimum and maximum integer values, respectively).


Taking into consideration the e.ect of all possible sequences of administrative actions is a di.cult task.

push-button analysis techniques are needed to identify safety issues, i.e.


It is not feasible to create such models manually.

forbuilding such detailed models the automation of their development process is crucial, the lack of automation for performance modelling has been clearly stated in [6].


In order to provide the technology in a more generalized and a platform-independent format, a framework is required to manage its components and provide service interfaces among components.

the framework should be a component-based architecture.


When AMC performs user actions to transition to the nearest state with an unexplored transition, it may go astray and arrive at a different state than expected.

aMC must enhance its basic search algorithm to deal with such behavior.


Unfortunately, both of these edges are incident on the same XOR-node.

we cannot cluster both edges because they overlap at the XOR-node; however, we can cluster one or the other of the edges.


The execution of combined fragments has to be coherent with the total order specified for each interaction.

local orders impose an order in the execution of the combined fragments.


We do not require such an implementation because the Agreement on Views property considers only those executions in which G has become stable and is perceived stable, i.e., in which the NS service behaves like an eventually perfect failure detector.

the performance of the NS service has a direct impact on that of the membership service.


Once the Classifier Agent has been trained, it can be used to generate new scenarios by presenting it with a set of events never used in the training phase.


However, it does have some existing GC data points already being gathered, around the child calls that fi makes, as described in Section A.2.

jOLT can compute .reachcount between the start of fi and each other pro.led point.


Arrays are frequently used for the implementation of dynamic data structures.

the length of arrays often varies, and .elds referencing such arrays have to be changed whenever the array is reallocated.


The pooling sub-concern is context-dependent.

it must obtain the Connection object from the base code to work properly.


Finally, the mutators are resumed, and free clusters are unmapped concurrently.

there is one STW sub-phase and two concurrent sub-phases.


If the scheduler could predict actual task resource usage more accurately than that suggested by the requests, tasks could be packed more tightly without degrading performance.

we are interested in the actual usage by jobs on the cluster.


Moreover, we have dq+1 = dq/., since A-GREEDY reduces the desire after an inef.cient quantum.

the decrease in potential after an inef.cient quantum is 8 - T q+1 .F = 2(T q 8 ) - (log.


Thus, to check whether a schedule causes a deadlock we just execute a thread that represents this schedule and check if a state exists in which all threads are dead.

we need the information which thread executes which action.


As a consequence the constraints in [29] are described as free text.

arbitrary constraints can be formulated.


Aspects are composed with the business logic through a process called weaving.

components that implement the application business logic can be separated from the components that implement adaptation and context-aware behavior.


By measuring distortion in the audio and video domain we attempt to approximate the impact of playback rate changes on the QoE.

we de.ne a metric that allows measuring the playback rate variations with respect to the (visual) motion intensity and the (audio) spectral energy.


As discussed above, several textual variability modeling languages were invented to overcome the issues of graphical variability modeling languages, in particular regarding their support for largesize variability [10, 16].


The higher the value of the largest entry, the more likely there will be severe link contention.

in optimizing link reuse, and in order to avoid degrading network latency, increasing the value of the largest entry in any original link signature is undesirable (although the largest value may be permitted to shift to another link).


Next, observe that .q({r1})= .q({r2}) if and only if r1 and r2 have the same sensor id and hence are the same reading.

thus SG(r1)= SG(r2).4 Finally, SF(s, s) is the Boolean OR of the bit vector s with itself, which equals s. properties P1 P4 hold, so by Theorem 1, the algorithm is ODI-correct.


These transformations are the implementation of mappings and henceperformthe actualintegration.

a usual meta-model matching system receives two meta-models as input and creates mappings or most preferably transformations as output.


However, the fact that the classes Line, Rectangle and Text are attached to Image involves code modi.cations if new classes are added, with the responsibilities of Leaf or Composite.

if a new Circle class is added as Leaf, the Image class will have to manage this new reference, which will involve a code modi.cation of the Image class.


Wrong design choices, bad management, poor implementation, insufficient testing and difficulty of communication between team members could drive to failure, even in presence of a good architecture.

assessments should not be limited to the early phases of the software lifecycle.


Volatile .elds There are few restrictions on volatile .elds, and they can be used by programmers to implement very free-form data exchange.

using volatile storage is always comparatively dangerous.


Rather than splitting the computation to two separate spawnblocks (one for each set of threads), or introducing a conditional control to determine between the two, we use the following scheme: we create a single spawn block, which contains two separate thread emulation loops one for the clustered-threads, and one for the unclustered-threads.

given a fine-grained spawn-block of n threads, our compiler approach results in the following execution scheme.


Improving the design that also eliminates clones is good for maintenance due to simpler and smaller code 73 base, with less likelihood of ripple effects of change.

we should eliminate such clones by redesign or refactorings [11], unless some non-technical reasons do not allow us to do that.


When the developers build software with the new component, the build hierarchy will notify developer whether the new component complies with the architecture of the previous releases.

maintainability, one of MIKE1D quality attributes, is influenced positively by the increased separation of components.


5.2 Uniform consensus First, notice that the lower bounds for non-uniform consensus stated in Theorem 4 and Theorem 5 also apply to the uniform version, since it is a stronger problem.

as in the non-uniform version, there is lower bound of c+1 rounds for deciding.


Based on the example in Table 1 and the top 3 most suspicious program elements returned by each technique, LOchiai , LKlosgen , and LP iatetsky Shapiro are {Block 3, Block 4, Block 5}, {Block 3, Block 4, Block 5}, and {Block 2, Block 1, Block 5} respectively.

lall is {Block 1, Block 2, Block 3, Block 4, Block 5}.


For every type, a reference to a global element and an inner element declarations are considered as equals and count as 1.

the numerator is the total number of polymorphic elements on the schemas.


In any case, veri.cation and speci.cation experience is scarce.

for the time being, employers that opt to use crowdsourcing must decide whether to pay a premium for workers with formal methods experience or to train new users to use the technology, as we did in the vWorker study.


However, spending too much memory space on storing execution times or speeds of task instances should be avoided.

we store only one execution speed for each task frame and propose the frame-based approach.


However, if a system allocates multiple looper thread to process one event queue, then no causal order can be guaranteed from the atomic FIFO processing order since events sent to the same event queue can be processed by concurrent looper threads.

our model is not applicable to such a system.


In particular, phase two seems to be a very dynamic time period, and represents the longest lasting phase.

this is the phase from which the most interesting conclu 10 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0  Positioning Error [m] Positioning Error [m] 10 10 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 0 0 Time [minutes] Time [minutes] Figure 4: (top) Case study in Section 3.2.1.


In summary, SNooPy adds a constant number of bytes to each message.

the absolute overhead depends on how many messages the primary system sends.


This is because we have a match all pattern (the single unbound variable X) in procC and any later arriving message is put last in the mailbox.

the next application of the receive-rule (Fig.


As we had mentioned before, we use a resource model to map the change of such parameter values to CPU cycle/memory requests [6].

the resource cost reward function is de.ned using the resource requests and pricing model, where CPUcost(k) and Memcost(k) is the cost on CPU and memory at time step k. W2 (S(k),D(k)) = CP U request × CPUcost(k)+ mem request × Memcost(k) With the above, formally, our controller solves the following: Ethernet within each cluster.


The speci.c structure of behavioral programs, and in particular the simple yet strict thread interaction rules, has bene.cial effects: programs can be written in a natural way, i.e., with modules that are aligned with the speci.cation [10, 23]; it greatly reduces the amount of (unexpected) interleaving, hopefully making race conditions more scarce; it renders the program more amenable to incremental development; and it facilitates the application of program analysis methods to behavioral systems [20] (for more details, see Section 2).

it has been conjectured that behavioral programming is suitable for the development of large systems.


This problem is not speci.c to virtualization-enabled hosts; a bare-metal Linux OS serving multiple applications can exhibit similar behaviors.

we .rst discuss two features introduced in Linux 3.3 that tackle this problem, and then we explain why the interaction between the host network stack and guest VMs compromises the ef.cacy of these features.


In (New), the names of the .elds in the class C are looked up using .elds.

we cannot simply add the types of each argument tothe .eld types, since the constructor may not have this behavior.fresh type variables are created for each .eld, and the F element of the type contains these variables.


The problem is sometimes manageable in smaller-scale software, but it generally is not in largerscale software systems.

a key goal of the new area of ASOC is to overcome the tyranny of the dominant decomposition.


Managers dialog with team leads and decide on goals for various metrics, including software quality metrics like failures-per-hour.

the failures-per-hour metric is a standard, vetted quality metric used on hundreds of Cisco products and is followed closely by the managers of our case study.


However, we did not yet fully discuss the problems introduced by distributed implementations.

we will discuss here distribution issues both from a modeling perspective as well as from a realization point of view.


The main .nding revealed that users had still some di.culty connecting frontends and pages and thereby understanding the resulting connections.

we integrated system support which facilitates the creation of such connections.


When aprocessis scheduled by a weak adversaryit executes up to and including its next step on a shared object.

a strong adversary can intervene between a coin .ip and the next step by the same process, whereas a weak adversary cannot.


Hence, this has motivated us to work on a case study, in order to investigate what would be challenges of applying this approach in engineering adaptive software systems.

the main contribution of this paper is reporting our experience in implementing sensors and e.ectors using AOP, by emphasizing on utilizing dynamic aspects for e.ecting.


It is essential that the tester can observe the outputs of the IUT for detecting the next state after a nondeterministic transition of the IUT.

we require that a nondeterministic IUT is output observable [12, 16] which means that even though there may be multiple transitions taken in response to a given input, the output identi.es the next state unambiguously.


Copyequivalence implies that the original formula and the suggested change are more similar than would be the case if they were only structurally equivalent.

if a change suggestion recommends changing a formula f to g that is copy-equivalent to f, the change suggestion is ranked higher than a suggestion that would yield a formula h that is only structurally equivalent to f. Even lower ranked are changes to structurally nonequivalent formulas.


Within these experiments, the authorsonlyconcentrateonone epoch of theprotocol,while long-term e.ectsareignored.

outofthepresentedresults, it is not obvious if thepresented approach can recover and how long this might take.


Specn FK  5.4 Speci.cation of higher-order functions The speci.cation of a function, whether unary or n-ary, can always take the form Spec1 fK.

given a function f, we can quantify over every possible speci.cation that f might admit simply by quantifying universally over the variable K. Let us illustrate this ability with the functions apply and compose.


The innermost loop iterates the number of functions that have been placed.

to generate an overlay structure for a given program with N functions, our placement algorithm takes O(LSmem/SincJ· N2) time.


Indeed, EffM is in a sense a monad transformer itself, in that it may augment an underlying monad with additional effects.

we can expect it to be possible to combine effects and monad transformers, where necessary.


(4)fq Pq .HPn where fq is the frequency associated with the path Pq and Nn is the average number of iterations for the loop Ln.

the related CCl,i,t is updated (line 13) as follows: CCl,i,t =CCl,i,t +LCn (5) In fact, when HCl,i contains the basic block BBn,which represents the header of a loop Ln nested in Ll, the execution of HCl,i must consider the additional cycles due to the loop Ln.


This test is necessary, because we check integer over.ows in multiplication via the inverse operation, e.g., integer division.

the test prevents a division by zero from happening.


We make use of the summary judgment wf (.,.,S,k), which asserts that the class and method context ., the store typing ., and the store S are all consistent with one another and contain only bindings at or below stack height k. These checks also include the pointer lifetime invariant.

wf (.,., S,k) implies that the pointer lifetime invariant holds for S. Theorem (Pointer lifetime invariant is preserved).


It should be noted that both cases are quite common to occur in real life programs.

we suggest that FSCS-ART with .ltering by eligibility should be used instead of the original FSCS-ART.


It should also be clear that greater bene.ts will result from this optimization if the edge being converted to an unlabeled edge is the more frequently exercised dependence edge.

if pro.le data is available we can make use of it in applying this optimization.


At any particular moment, the Emerging Design contains all the changes that have not yet been transferred to all the developers workspaces, i.e., if a developer makes some changes and checks them in, these changes will not be cleared from the visualization of the Emerging Design until all developers have checked them out from the repository.

the Emerging Design represents the union of all the differences between all developers workspaces.


disconnection, connection, interception of the invocations of services, service recovery, etc).

the dynamicity management constitutes one direction of our future work.


As described in Premise 2 above, the SP pays fees set by the platform on the basis of the amount of memory consumed.

it is difficult for the platform provider to modify the class, because the SP-set s memory consumption will change if the PF-set changes the class.


(2) Patch times for both closed and open source development heavily depend on the concrete patching procedures in the responsible organizations or communities.

it would be necessary to consider whether the particular open source software development is realized in bazaar or in cathedral style (according to OpenOffice.org [24], cathedral style seems to dominate the development of OpenOffice).


of relational systems, leads to unnatural data models, and to a poor efficiency in query processing.

various research groups have developed a large numbers of concepts and techniques for improving single aspect of a geographic database.


i=1 Figure 4(c) plots the Hellinger distance between the probability distribution of the WS (weighted sampling) strategy and the probability distribution of SS for various k, ranging from 1 to 100.

in terms of Hellinger distance, WS is closer to SS for higher values of k. for less aggressive levels of feature selection, i.e., when the optimal strategy is to choose k to be as close to the rank of A as possible, the weight-based selection methods (WS, which has a similar .avor to DF) can serve as an e.cient substitute for the SS strategy.


The term software engineering explicitly aims at a deterministic design process.

the focus on algorithms and data structures as it is supported by many software design patterns lead to deterministic software systems.


This is because if the number of exposed misses in v' is very low, the control flow on (v, v I) is not a major determinant "factor in shaping the locality behavior of the code.

we also need to get mr, (the estimated number of exposed misses) in the picture.


For example, this is the case of the Cancel event triggered by the user of the system.

if the extendedStep is not indicated, this means that the alternative can occur at any time.


User-centered development processes propose to integrate as soon as possible the user needs, expectations and goals [7].

according to the SPL process, Feature Model [12] must be used to model UI variability.


From the sampled failure rates of ECUs and buses, reliabilities can be calculated by using formulae (1) and (2).

the system reliability estimate for the samples obtained in the step (1) can be obtained applying the equation 9.


Please note that the average unfairness and average throughput with the original Cilk++ are 124% and 1.20, respectively.

cilk++ with BWS always performs better than the original Cilk++, no matter which value from 32 to 4096 is chosen for SleepThreshold.


However, for general-purpose NoCs (such as Tile64TM by Tilera [19], 80-core processor by Intel [20]), different system configurations resulting from multi-user behavior are too dynamic and too complex in nature to be modeled off-line.

the need for more sophisticated resource management techniques becomes apparent.


Similarly, explicit software connectors are an integral part of our service discovery and transparent replication solutions.

we believe that software architecture represents a promising approach to addressing the challenges of pervasive systems, and will continue to be a focus of ongoing research in this domain.


The 18 Output neurons each receive one of three types unique to their joint and axis of control (i.e., j0a0, j0a1, j1a0 each receive a unique type; see discussion of Figure 4).

axons connecting to Output neurons must seek them (see below) both by their type, and by their position in the neural field.


This strategy is guaranteed by the hardware vendors.

server Level and Client Level redundancy is considered: 4.3.1 Server Level Redundancy The principle of server redundancy is that there are two servers to provide data for a client.


Because indCurried takes CurriedHyps as an algebra, it implements PartE 1 and PartE 2.

we would have the expected eliminator interface when writing functions with indCurried over singleton datatypes built from descriptions those that do not start with a sum of constructors and instead only have single constructor with arguments.


Figure 3: Version Model (UML class diagram) Figure 4: Three layers of change (UML class diagram) 3.5 Con.ict Detection and Resolution The checkout/modify/commit interaction model we use as workspace interaction model implies an optimistic concurrency control scheme.

con.icts can arise when synchronizing the workspace with the central repository.


The amount of information will be reduced the more often the application is used.

the user will learn to interact with the system and at some point he will completely turn o. the guidance system.


Action Sx at q.si does not change the state of q.s1-i.

after Action Sx is executed at q.si, s1-i.state = eating.


As we will see in Section 4, weakly classi.ed objects may eventually be converted to strongly classi.ed objects (instances of traditional classes).

it is not critical if the method lookup is inef.cient at an early stage of development.


More importantly, critical sections are usually designed as being short in the total execution time.

we can reduce the energy consumption in total, since the power is reduced most of the time while the power is increased only a fraction of the execution time in the target critical sections.


This language needs to be powerful enough to allow the description of execution engines for di.erent application domains, but not be very generic, as this could make model creation and manipulation as di.cult as writing code in a generalpurpose language.

this language should be made up of constructs that are independent of the application domain, but related to aspects of execution engines designed for providing high-level services described using a DSML.


Thus, sj (tj )mustbesenttothe same host as si(ti).

all the frames that have be correlated are sent to the same host, which becomes centralized correlation.


Groovy automatically maps them to calls to and(), respectively or(), on the objects to which the operators are applied, thus they are directly mapped to the methods of the domain types.

the domain operations on types can be defined in the domain model.


An important conclusion that emerges from these observations is that .ne trade-offs between latency and power have to be explored at the system level with a detailed knowledge of the used hardware resources.

we believe that hardware-software co-synthesis for low-power embedded systems should be performed in tight integration with high level synthesis (HLS) under the guidance of an accurate timing and power evaluation (estimation) mechanism.


Attacks considered here include both manual human attacks and automated attacks using tools.

measurable features should capture not only the potency of protection against manual human attack, but also the resilience against automated attacks.


On a peer-to-peer grid, on the other hand, participants can freely join the system, without providing a strong link to their real meat-space identities [8].

participants are essentially anonymous, and no solutions (including accounting) can be built assuming trust among the parties.


The second reason is that the operations can be easily used as a patch.

the creation of a model-patcher tool is simpli.ed.


Consequently, whiletheRETEmatcher(andtheincrementalapproachingeneral)maybeastraightforwardchoiceincertaincases, forgeneraltransformationsthe optimalsolution canbe attainedby mixing pattern matching strategies appropriately.

the implementation presented in this paper has been integrated into the newest version of the VIATRA2frameworkin sucha way that the transformation designer can specify on a per-pattern basis which matching strategy shouldbe used.


We expect a team with a higher density in the Advice network to perform better than a team with a lower density [17].

according to the density of the advice network we expect the teams to have performed in the order: Team 3 > Team 4 > Team 1 > Team 2.


In addition, the oldevents that are outside of a certain window is periodically cleanedup to reduce the memory usage and maintain table lookup ef.ciency.

the worst case time complexity for the algorithm is O(N 2 ), where N is the total number of operations bounded by the window size.


A SAX event is kicked off for a node name.

the parser is modified so that if a name does not appear in P, then the parser just skips the handling of the node, and if a name appears in P, the parser processes the node if the current path can be in P. This modification is implemented as the replacement of the startelement and the endelement methods in SAX.


The program counter of the checkpoint process is set to the system call entry point, and its kernel stack pointer is set to the initial kernel stack frame.

after Speculator places the checkpoint process on the run queue, the process re-executes the system call that was being executed when the checkpoint was taken.


Remove operations delete a speci.ed element from the CFD regardless of whether it is connected to other elements or not.

it is possible to create syntactically invalid CFDs due to dangling connections by using improper remove operations.


Since some of these .lesystems such as Ceph and Hadoop perform automatic data replication, they not only provide fault-tolerant data access but also the ability to scale the system.

in regards to the need for a scalable, fault-tolerant data storage, current distributed storage systems adequately meet this requirement.


To summarize, this study mainly addresses and facilitates the following two challenge areas in software engineering research:  Veri.able and repeatable research: The studies that cannot publish their actual data can publish the transformed data by using PPT.

other researchers can repeat the analysis employed in the original study by using the transformed data in order to verify and validate the original results.


In the LCO Review, developers usually could only provide the top-level system design and the non-functional prototype.

the assumption that the Architecture Options External Review in the LCO phase could avoid all the future rework was too optimistic.


This makes a bug report from CT more accessible to the programmer.

sOBER and Liblit05 are essentially complementary to, rather than a substitute for CT. For instance, when a programmer encounters one failing case during development, CT is a good choice to use; when multiple failing runs are available (e.g., during regression testing or beta-testing), Liblit05 and SOBER can be expected to work better.


The spread of information by PDI is considerably faster for higher mobility.

pDI is likely to achieve considerable higher hit rates while providing a comparable performance in terms of coherence efficiency for such scenarios.


SOAP Web Services vs. RESTful Web Services SOAP Web Services RESTful Web Services SOAP web services are more adaptable and they address advanced quality of services and are ideal for professional REST is well suited for basic, ad hoc integration scenarios and gives flexibility to optimize the performance of  enterprise application integration scenarios with a longer lifespan web services SOAP web services use UDDI registries for service discovery REST web services use do-it-yourself for service discovery  SOAP is a single standardized message format No single format for representing resources.

more maintenance is required since developers have to manually code the URLs and correctly encode/decode the exchange resource representations [22] Operations are defined in a domain-specific manner Rely on a small set of domain-independent operations Applications remotely interact through the web but remain outside of the web Applications become part of the web by using URLs, hence it is easier to test Restful web services using a browser  The Linux server uses Jersey for handling service requests and responses.


Note that, similarly to the Step P3 shown in Figure 5, this step is also assigned to the [CustomerPreferences] annotation.

any advice that points to this annotation extends, at least, the behavior of Proceed to Purchase and Search for Product scenarios.


We have a requirement for a new artefact RSP.

we construct an extension of our underlying theoretical language (belonging to our underlying science and to the already existing engineering discipline) with the necessary symbols, etc., to enable us to show that what RSP describes (at this point only an hypothetical posit HPS and its context) is scientifically possible and that (if the status of our current technology makes its construction viable) the resulting engineering artefact EA will be in a positive analogy with HPS, i.e., HPS EA.


There is little empirical evidence regarding the percentage of rework cost-savings that can be achieved by performing the inspections of early work products.

an empirical evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of the inspections can help understand the costs and benefits of inspections (against the testing cost that would be spent if no inspections are performed) to decide on whether to schedule an inspection.


In developing the model of alternative array layouts, we assume that nj = 2 qj for some j E [0, d= -1] (where d~ is the number of coordinates in an array Y(~)).

the bit representation of an array index will have q~ bits, with the least significant bit (LSB) numbered 0 and the most significant bit (MSB) numbered qj -I.


Scalability: Real world software often have thousands or millions lines of code.

our inference engine needs to be scalable to handle such large software.


Clearly, operations with high excess loads are good candidates for speculation, since such speculation would reduce resource contention at their current time frames, and may thus lead to performance improvements.

eL is a good indicator of the relative suitability of an operation for speculation.


2.2 Evaluation order Unlike OCaml [10] or ADA95 [8], Scala has a de.nite evaluation order for method arguments.

we need to de.ne an evaluation order in the presence of named and default arguments.


We have shown that, in general, compiler generated schedules coupied with the use of these policies result in an efficient aglet code.

as the distributed applications become more and more- pervasive, the role of compiler analysis and scheduling might become significaat.


While garbage-collected languages like Java support moving garbage collection [10] and can thus segregate objects at GC time, C s and C++ s direct access to memory addresses precludes object relocation.

the only way for Hound to segregate objects is to separate them at allocation time.


Then, the edges have to be created using pairwise comparison (O(|M|2)) and transitive reduction (O(|M|3)).

the complete attribute concept graph can be created in O(|G|2 ×|M|2 + |M|3).


The unique feature of the algorithm is that it uses only test generation operations, and it re.nes and maintains a sound program abstraction as a consequence of failed test generation operations.

each iteration of the algorithm is inexpensive, and can be implemented without any global may-alias information.


Early or frequent contributions create a risk of losing competitive advantage while late or rare contributions can greatly increase the maintenance cost.

further research is needed to better understand the balance between limited and generous contribution strategies.


Such a set with cardinality greater than 1 is a lexical ambiguity.

the lexical syntax is free of lexical ambiguities if .


However, in our previous study we found most of the discovered subtle HOMs were of lower degrees (less than six).

restricted Random Search uses a con.gurable parameter to allow it to control the maximum degree of generated HOMs.


In the implementation, the environment is managed using Haskell primitive binding mechanism so it is not possible to remove reference to former delayed computations that have been merged.

conservativity for the implementation requires the additional assumption that no reference to former deleted delayed computation are evaluated.


They use ARM Cortex-M3 MCUs from an energy-grid project as examples, for which they ported Google Protobuf [15].

data structures that are exchanged between a host and an MCU can be easily described and reused.


The goal of the proposed migration project is only to obtain a preliminary and working service-oriented implementation of MHFanc, not a good SOA implementation of it.

it is accepted that the migrated system will be nongood from a service-oriented perspective (e.g., granularity of the services too big/small, quality of the services code not good, services containing a lot of dead code).


However container classes are orthogonal to OOD (i.e., phase IV was a convenience, rather than a necessity in original OCD).

teaching students to build parameterized container classes in CS-2 will not diminish our ability to introduce them to OOD in CS-1.


All developers build packages with the autobuilder and most are then pulled in by the CD builder and our testers install the OS on a variety of hardware, where the detector con.gures the drivers.

both the speed and reliability of these applications is important to us, since any failure blocks the work of the entire group.


Precise dynamic techniques, such as happens-before race detection [2, 12, 14] and atomicity monitoring [22, 15], are capable of detecting concurrency bugs that actually happen in an execution.

these techniques are precise, but they cannot give good coverage as predictive dynamic techniques.


Ad1[P/ proceed]& ··· & Adn[P/ proceed] that this rewriting system is also terminating.

it This rule is simulated by the chain (we omit argument on the right for saving place) x.l(f, v ) -.


The whole system is supposed to tolerate at most three faults: the two ones which raise a CAM, and a fault of one MSU.

one doesn t have to consider the case of two faulty MSUs.


All engineering artefacts are expressed as models, so that model-based techniques can be applied to them.

mDE is mainly about what perspectives and formalisms can be helpful when designing systems.


Finally, we note that the process of aligning two clusters only utilizes cross-cluster measurements and relative clusterposition estimates for sensors involved in these measurements1 .

the transmission and computation requirements for merging are proportational to the number of cross-cluster measurements which is expected to be much smaller than the number of intra-cluster measurements.


The contents at input[2] and input[3] do not matter.

there is a total of 28 · 28 · 62 = 4,187,046 inputs representing valid strings of size 1.


This meta-heuristic is used to obtain nearly optimal solutions to optimization problems by mimicking biological mechanisms such as, selection, crossover and mutation.

to de.ne a genetic algorithm for a given optimization problem, we must de.ne four elements: A genetic representation of what a solution is.


Note that notify should be used instead of notifyall: if a thread has been waiting at the entrance of a "full" R (i.e., n are currently in R), then one thread exiting will only allow one more thread to enter.

only one thread (instead of all) should be woken up.


We also provide command-line options in LLVM to disable superpage usage and choose any of the implemented heap management strategies.

our implementation completely hides the details of superpage allocation at the application level, thereby increasing code portability.


It means MPMI is better at expressing thread behaviors in a long run.

our schemes will be focused on MPMI from now on.


This means, if change requests occur that are facilitated by built-in .exibility mechanisms these should be used.

work activities should be planned with .exibility in mind.


A possible candidate was the popular SimpleScalar simulator [5], but the required SimpleScalar ARM compiler is out of date and moreover, not all system calls are implemented in case of ARM binaries.

we use our trace-driven ARMprocessorbasedplatform simulator[23] andQemu.


In contrast, decentralized designs need no large infrastructure expenditures.

we view our work not as facilitating copyright avoidance but as enabling the sharing of .les in cases where there is no underlying business model.


For such interfaces, we do not use the LnB heuristic to limit re.nement options because locally-bad choices can be globally best.

the LnB heuristic s local view of the graph is ineffective when the best choice depends on available optimizations.


i=1 Because t = 0, the tampering with can escape detection only n when i=1 xiviq = 0, whose probability is 1/(2r +1) for the worst case and 1/(l(2r +1))n for the best case.

then suppose uq1 is tampered with as uq1 + t1 and uq2 as uq2 + t2.Then r = ri + t1viq1 + t2viq2 ,i =1, 2, ...,n.i nn n s2 = xiri + t1 xiviq1 + t2 xiviq2 i=1 i=1 i=1 and n n s1 -s2 = - t1 xiviq1 + t2 xiviq2 .


Moreover, I believe activities in source code repositories should have higher weight than activities in mailing list.

i propose a model to calculate the activity score of a member in an OSS community.


An isolate cannot be bound to more than one domain for the same resource, but can be bound to many domains for different resources.

two isolates can share a single resource domain for, say, CPU time, but be bound to distinct domains for JDBC connections.


In addition, ESX considers VCPUs as worlds.

reordering I/O could be implemented at the host s queue of the SCSI layer based on the VCPU worlds.


Since the escape property is absorbent, it is enough to consider only objects escaping the mua ([5]).

function that approximates memory requirements is de.ned as follows: memRq(pmua )= memEsc(mua)(pmua )+ memRqmua (pmua ) mua mua ' 0...


Figure 1 shows that DAC metric has the largest mean difference of the metrics.

the DAC metric is strongly impacted by the correction than the other metrics.


This study is inspired by the work of [15, 17] and his Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning.

apart from animation, the combination of text, voice and both text and voice is used in this experiment to test on what combination works well for our students as compared to previous experiments conducted by Mayer and his colleagues.


1989) allow data objects with related representations to be operated on by the code of member functions associated with different types that have a subtype relationship.


Unlike coaxial magnetic disks, di.erent planes in a .ash chip can operate inparallel sometimes, without competition for the .ash channel.

garbage collections and merge operations in hybrid FTLs or convert operations in LazyFTL can be executed without interrupting current .ash accesses if a proper strategy is adopted.


Also, we understand the application of architectural decisions as model transformations which encode the architectural knowledge on QA resolution.

the architectural rationale is explicitly recorded as the set of transformations that yields the complete SA from scratch.


Both systems use specialized or dedicated hardware resources, and are optimized for long-term retention of large amounts of data.

most of their optimizations relate to avoiding accessing the metadata information which is often stored on the disk.


In some cases, the implementation may change without necessitating any specification changes such as for a code fix.

users of COTS software should perform thorough change identification to identify the code modifications that affect their systems.


These activities are considered to be conflicting against Night Sleep .

the positive appliances of these conflicting activities can be reasoned out in OWL and can be turned off.


Differencing U and U gives the operations Ed = [Add a, Add b].

lIBSYNC recommends to add those two method calls, a and b, into V , along with their dependencies: a is called before b and the output of a is the input of b;b is called before c due to such dependencies in U.Tohelpin adaptation, LIBSYNC alsoprovides the reference code in JasperReports (Figure 10).


A du-path for a variable x is a path of the form uPv such that x is defined at u, x is used at v, and x is not defined along path P. Such a path demonstrates that v is directly data dependent on u with respect to x.

rapps and Weyuker s adequacy criteria exercise direct data dependences, which, together with direct control dependences, are the simplest form of information flow in programs.


under the condition of (i), whatever player 2 s strategy is, player 1 always chooses strategy s1,1.


This is feasible because Problem OEM optimizes over all possible process coalitions and has a signi.cant larger number of control knobs than Problem BEM does.

any optimal BEM utility is achievable in OEM.


It does not make sense to talk of knowledge of an objective reality, as all knowledge is dependent on how we construct it.

coherence and viability are valued over an abstract notion of truth.


However, in a distributed setting, where partial transaction failures may happen, the inability of pessimistic transactional memories to roll back is a major shortcoming.

this paper presents a novel transactional memory concurrency control algorithm that is both fully pessimistic and rollback-capable.


One major component of reducing power is to disable devices.

operating systems direct devices to switch to a lowpower state when the system goes into standby mode.


The Click forwarding mechanism is disabled and packets are sent directly to UML without inspecting the packet contents with a directive such as: openvpn :: Socket(UNIX_DGRAM, /tmp/click.sock ) -> openvpn.

the UML instance handles all the packet routing decisions.


It states that feature Base is mandatory (i.e., it must be present in every product) and feature Batch is optional (i.e., it may be present in a product).

our running example consists of two valid products: {Base} and {Base, Batch} .


It should be noted that a correct implementation of treeInsert will have the required type of foldl s higher-order argument, after instantiating ' Rbm to Rtmem .

the application of foldl in the above example typechecks, producing the required invariant of makeTree .


However, recursive programs create work dynamically over time.

the SCC must be partitioned to allow for such behaviour.


(It is important to note that middleware development is undertaken within the Computing Laboratory at Oxford; the middleware s users are application developers based at other institutions; the application developers users are end-users.)

tests are conducted following the same iterative pattern with the team favouring an approach of a new release every two or three months.


The main advantage of using a Marker Interface is that no internal knowledge is required except the name of the Marker interface (TargetType).

this idiom is useful when, for example, everything in the pointcut is de.ned except the classes where such crosscutting contract enforcement occurs.


Decreasing the width of the projection (r) decreases the probability of collision for any two points.


In an OWL-ontology the precondition and effects can be described in terms of OWL-concepts via SWRL extensions.

if d is the set of all individuals de.ned in an OWL ontology, then x .


If a programmer coulddeclare a .eld, such as Date, then a raw date couldbestoredthere,andlaterit couldbeusedtomutatea cooked immutable date.

a programmer can write the Raw type only after the extends keyword,butnot in any other way.


This simple locking scheme ensures that the closures of any two retriangulated cavities do not overlap.

from Lemma 2, it is clear that retriangulating this cavity concurrently with any other non overlapping cavities results in a Delaunay tetrahedralization.


In this and similar cases, particular tags trigger propagation of different tags.


Likewise a signi.cant percentage were intended for destinations at a small number of ASes.

no matter how Tor routing is done, much existing Tor tra.c is vulnerable to AS-level adversaries.


Java 8 interfaces, instead, introduce a form of multiple implementation inheritance, too.

they are similar to traits [10], which are sets of methods.


(a)NaiveInstrumentation R1.R1+16; R2.R2+8; //... //bothR1andR2arenotredefined //... StrideProfle(R1+24);//instrumentation R3.load24(R1); StrideProfle(R2+64);//instrumentation R4.load64(R2); StrideProfle(R1+48);//instrumentation R5.load48(R1); StrideProfle(R2+96);//instrumentation R6.load96(R2); (b)OptimizedInstrumentation R1.R1+16; R2.R2+8; StrideProfle(R1,R2);//instrumentation //... //bothR1andR2arenotredefined //... R3.load24(R1); R4.load64(R2); R5.load48(R1); R6.load96(R2);  Figure4:Examplesofanaiveinstrumentationand anoptimizedinstrumentationforstrideprofling missestendtobegeneratedbyonlyasmallsubsetofstatic loadsintheprogram[1,27].weusethefollowingtwo heuristicstodecidewhetheraloadshouldbeinstrumented: Not-scalar:Sincereferencesofscalarsorsmallaggregates rarelymissinthecache,theycanbeignoredforprefetch ing.OnAlpha,thesereferencesaretypicallymadeof theglobalpointer($gp)orthestackpointer($sp).


Furthermore, the usability of such applications crucially depends on the accuracy and quality of the extracted semantic triples [15] [22].

high quality and generic semantic resource is critical for the practicality and usefulness of such applications in addition to research investigations in the field [1] [10].


Those 5 paths contain the remaining root causes.

instead of the worst-case scenario of reviewing all 48,251 paths, only 54+9+5 = 68 paths are reviewed in order to .nd all root causes, i.e.


The .nal cell of this propagator is an interface to the actuator and contains the .nal dependency or set of adaptations to be activated or deactivated.

the decision of which adaptations to (de)activate is contained in the cell labelled dependency.


cJ type conditions are used to de.ne many implicit types from a single class de.nition.

in the above example, the single de.nition of class C can be thought of as de.ning the implicit types C and C. with cJ type conditionals, one can add orthogonal aspects or dimensions to an existing type hierarchy.


PASSIVE PROTECTIVE MEASURE The system introduces a hazardous element of intolerable risk, which cannot be eliminated from it.

use a passive protective measure of a fixed nature to mitigate the risk.


Further, we also notice that if (somehow) the data-.ow fact {x = 1} were to hold at node D, then the use of variable x at node G can be replaced by the constant 1.

we see that in order to optimize node G, it is useful for data-.ow fact {x = 1} to hold at node D. This also holds for the data-.ow fact {x = 2}.


In the TWEJava version, this commutative method is replaced by a task, and our system automatically guarantees that this task behaves atomically.

tWEJava offers a stronger safety guarantee than DPJ, since it does not require the programmer to correctly insert manual locking operations.


2.1.1 Memory Allocation Library Standard memory allocation functions do not provide support toallocate a group of objects together.

a memory allocationlibrary that can allocate similar objects in a pool must be created.The memory allocation calls are similar to those provided in thestandard C library.


As programs are defined using multiple representations, such as code, makefiles, and documentation, feature refactoring requires all representations to be factored.

composing features produces consistent representations of code, makefiles, documentation, etc.


More precisely, the number of rules involved in a single request ranges from 3 to 7 (with a mean of 4.79) and the number of attributes 1http://people.cs.kuleuven.be/ maarten.decat/mw4ng13/ ranges from 4 to 13 (with a mean of 7.65).

we took measurements for four requests that cover these ranges.


It is easy to implement it by simply inlining Y in X.

the call of X in M of this example is completely inlinable.


for executing multiphysics applications ongrid environments.

theM-taskprogramming model canbe considered as a suggestionfor theimplementation of many-task applications.


, rm) be the sequence of m requests where rk Ø U is the object requested at time k. The state of the cache at time k is denoted by Bk = U and is the set of objects in the cache at time k and must .

satisfy the property iEBk s(i) : S. the sequence (B0 , B1 , .


Theorem 7.5 ensures that implementation never signals an exception that is not allowed by IEC ' .

we can conclude that no method invocation can result in a checked exception that was not declared by the exception clause of the invoked method.


Further, each node in an assay creates a new fluid (commodity) due to mixing, heating or similar alteration.

each commodity traverses a single level in our DAG, unlike MCNFs.


A cluster of 72000 task slots can service 72000 concurrent tasks at maximum.

the best case energy savings is 1 - (21029 + 7745)/72000 = 0.60.


Adding more servers does not reduce the constant load of 40 concurrent clients requesting database transactions.

we might expect that increasing the number of cores in the database machine would naturally lead to an increase in the system s performance, but that is not necessarily true.


To assemble a component in a system, it must have input and output connectivities.

we can say that a component is a unit of abstraction with connection ports.


At time t1 , group j has 50 servers available to service requests from other groups.

requests corresponding to 50 servers in group i are routed to group j.


The benchmark resultspresentedin thispaper show thatfor multi-core clusters the mapping ofprocesses to coreshas ahugein.uence on the obtained performance.

the presented combination of scheduling and mapping is a step forward towards a better exploitation of the performance ofsuchplatforms.


Besides, it has a set D0 of unary predicates attached.

sD is simply a subgraph of S. De.nition 2 Let D be a subset of the predicates used for specifying the analysis.


However, because the protocol stack is designed to support a wide range of network applications, it is not optimized for packet capture.

the performance is inadequate for packet capture in high-speed networks.


ECoq does not consider patterns in pattern-matching expressions even if they include a wildcard pattern, and detects all patternmatching expressions unfolding extended types.

in contrast to the errors in Section 2.2, pattern-matching expressions in Aopt are also detected.


In such cases, one is not concerned with making behavioral subtypes, and hence one will often override a method in a way that makes it non-re.ning.

this rule is also useful in such languages.


Unfortunately, syntactic sugar is eliminated by transformation, so the resulting programs become unfamiliar to authors.

it comes at a price: it obscures the relationship between the user s source program and the program being evaluated.


Finally, consistency of the merged model is checked.

verifying global consistency amounts to checking consistency of a single model.


any part of the shared data space that a processor does not have af.nity to).

unlike traditional shared memory programming, the languages necessitate global data re-localization operations in order to improve performance which will be served by the collective communication operations.


This is essential so that the user can focus all his attention on the real scenario while attending to the audio explanation.

the Audio Guide guides the user through the visit from one interesting topic to the other by means of audio messages or navigation maps.


However, when the composite FSP process is the parallel composition of an analysis model and a safety property (as is the case for the tables Lock Protocol, Correct Pairing and Excessive Signaling), we can conclude that the analysis model does not satisfy the safety property only if the composite model can reach ERROR.

in cases where LTSA returns a trace that leads to STOP rather than ERROR, we cannot conclude that the property does not hold.


After removing some bits in B(s1) and B(s2), neither of the truncated Bloom .lters B"(s1) and B"(s2) is included in the other anymore.

truncation can prevent an attacker from discovering containment relationships between two subscriptions with high probability (see analysis in Section 3).


Theexamplesof makingaprogram more deterministic areaspecial caseofamore general problem: Oftentimes whatwas assumed to be stable during development time might need to be changed to 2However, as of Java 6, type arguments for parameterized types cannot have annotations.

the solution is not complete, although some work-arounds exist.


Parameters whose evolution is characterized by a trend, parameters whose evolution is characterized by peaks and parameters whose evolution is characterized by bursts.

this classi.cation covers almost all context parameter types.


SD cards are treated as a shared storage.

removing an application will not remove persistent data from SD card.


Hence the theorems can be extended to general divide-and-conquer algorithms.

second, the proofs are for the existence of k. The exact size of the data sections may change the value of k but not the existence of k. the af.nity hierarchy exists when data sections are divided into non-uniform sections.


Albeit the increasing importance of context-aware applications [8], the current design of the Internet, and hence of CORBA, does not provide any con- ceptual models to support them.

we enhance the CORBA environment with a ge- neric proxy platform shown in Figure 2.


Following the same principle, arguments between the two subcontinuations belong to the tail.

the number of pending arguments has to be adjusted in subcontinuations like in Figure 6.