In our experiment, we considered only basic remote communication concerns, not implementing distribution issues such as caching, fault tolerance, and automatic object deployment for load balancing.

this tool could do a lot of work mainly because the program structure and the guidelines are tailored to a speci.c architecture.


One could discover such operations with a dynamic data-race detector.

[37] M. Olszewski, J. Ansel, and S. Amarasinghe.


iterate(i; acc := 0|acc + 1) Figure 2: Iterate OCL expression.

the evaluation environment that processes the declarative query needs to decide whether to evaluate an expression sequentially or in parallel.


We denote by IP)the w resulting set of integrity constraints and let Pbe an abducible predicate.

3 To save space, we have shortened Alice as A, Bob as B, Ent as , active as , readMail as and secr as .


Reduce all ß-redexes where the abstracted variable occurs free exactly once in the body of the abstraction.

using a family of normal Haskell data types, this restriction could be achieved by the use of a dummy type class: class Data a => Tree a instance Tree Stm instance Tree Exp instance Tree Var instance Tree Typ renameTree :: Tree a => a -> a renameTree = rename we would like the class Tree to be closed, something which is currently only achievable using hacks such as not exporting the class.


For any event e and attribute attr, attr(e) denotes the value corresponding to the attribute attr in e, and e[v/attr] denotes the event obtained from e by replacing the value of attribute attr by v. The theoretical results in this section hold for any types of events corresponding to any concurrent objects whose behaviors can be described with serial speci.cations.

since the branch events do not have serial speci.cations, they are allowed to appear anywhere in a trace without affecting the consistency of the trace.


3.3 Shared State Processing Like a session, a shared variable is a recovery unit.

because of this, a session checkpoint contains only session variables, the bu.ered reply, the next expected request sequence number and every outgoing session s next available request sequence number.


It also works with software which employs self-modifying code and other malware techniques to defend against virtual machines, debuggers and code instrumentation such as 2 9  Figure 4: DLL dependency graph of wget without grouping Skype.

4 shows the DLL dependency graph for wget without grouping; while Fig.


Secondly, due to the various sources of dynamism in the environment and application (i.e.

both criteria can be achieved by adding a middleware solution that implements the concept of a bus.


In POPL 02: Proceedings of the 29th ACM Symposium on the Principles of Programming Languages, New York, NY, USA, 2002.

to check the procedure for conformance to the speci.cation, the analysis searches for solutions to the following formula: R(c) and P(c, c ) and A(c, a) and A(c , a ) and not S(a, a ) (1) A solution, if one exists, witnesses a pair of concrete states whose corresponding abstract states do not satisfy the speci.cation a counterexample to the claim that the procedure satis.es the speci.cation.


Since there are a different number of subfeatures in each of the feature sets it is necessary to use normalised scores (i.e.


Many researchers have presented multi-layered memory hierarchies as a means to design energy and performance ef.cient systems.

our technique targets at the data reuse opportunities, found in most multimedia and image processing applications, array in-place optimizations and optimum memory transfer scheduling.


Another parallel MOEA possibility is that of simultane- ously executing several MOEAs on different processors and comparing, contrasting, and/or combining results.

this algorithm was parallelized using MPI allowing in- teroperability on several different parallel platforms.


quantization errors); (3) tool errors incorporated by a tool within the tool-chain that contains implementation bugs or that has not been set up correctly (e.g.

the adoption of guidelines and patterns for modelling has certain advantages: (1) increase of comprehensibility (readability), (2) maintainability, (3) reusability and extensibility, and (4) ease of testing.


If the events of a property occur infrequently in the system, the resulting model is usually very small.

for FLAVERS, this process of re.ning the model involves adding constraints.


For the benchmark suite used in Section 6.2, aliasing is not particularly important for proving array bounds and integer over.ow properties.

dF (since P f represents c) and the fact that for all x, VAL(uninit,x)= Z. Inductive step: suppose s is a trace such that P f represents s, let n .


Using a prototype implementation we demonstrated that our framework enables new applications of interpolation-based algorithms in program veri.cation.


For events smaller and larger than this, the bias factor was too large, and too small, respectively.

the parameters that we varied during the performance evaluation of our system were: the type of scanning (Point, Line and Area), the size of the event, the duration of the event (for Area Cover), the scanning speed, the power of the laser and the distance between the Spotlight device and sensor field, to estimate the range of the system.


Forcing the register allocator to preserve input state across an idempotent region adds overhead because the allocator may not re-use live-in register or stack memory resources.

the problem of statically constructing large idempotent regions remains surprisingly non-trivial.


[18] P. Godefroid, N. Klarlund, and K. Sen. DART: Directed Automated Random Testing.

there are several open challenges with this approach, like for example: The optimization process has to be quick, as any time spent on it would be taken from the budget k×b for test generation.


Developers instead increasingly choose high-level managed programming languages with safe pointer disciplines, garbage collection, extensive standard libraries, and dynamic just-in-time compilation for hardware portability.

programming heterogeneous hardware directly is a nightmare.


attention to builttest mechanism into components during design and coding, so that the successive testing and maintenance processes can be simplifed.

the results of the project prove that BIT application in the overall software process, enforcing testing and integration consideration from the very early stages of the development, help to build more reliable testing environments and support the realization of more comprehensive testing.


PPC970 Speedups (Altivec): On PPC970, we would expect an improvement factor VF/2 on the computations, since there are two scalar units and only one SIMD unit, and an improvement factor VF on the loads and stores.

the expected improvements are around VF/2 (i.e., a speedup of 2,4,8 on the fp,short,char kernels respectively), minus alignment handling overhead on the unaligned versions.


By adding newer versions of components, P2 attempts to lower change in future updates.

this is a greedy heuristic for minimality, as selecting a system that minimises current system changes may result in more changes over the long term.


Although, there is a moderate negative correlation between spread and score, it is only signi.cant at pvalue 0.074.

they connect classes that changed together in just one commit and for this reason were removed by the post-processing task.


There is signi.cant reduction in the overall job execution times between 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps scenarios.

if there is single job running then entire cluster is allocated for the job.


These patterns are the roots of pattern hierarchies where each lower level is a pattern specialized for some speci.c context.


Software-pipelining can be exploited by processing the (i + k)th element before the complete processing of the ith element.

the pseudo DCT benchmark represents an application that has little inherent ILP.


The list below enumerates and discusses these properties: The dereference relation D is an injective partial map.

4.1 Properties To better understand relationsD, V and M, it is useful to identify theirkeyproperties.


The revised MacLisp manual_ Technical Report MIT-LCS-TR-295, M.I.T.

an in- tentional abstract syntax tree is modelled at a fine level of detail, whereas in ELIDE it is coarse-grained.


It shows the average and percentile 90% of the delivery time as well as the CPU utilisation.

they can employ multiple, competing consumers to process incoming messages concurrently.


Each task is considered at each available frequency in combination with all other tasks.

other criteria could also be used to select fmax.


Figure 3 shows how AutomaDeD creates MMs at runtime in each task.

the group member receives that request via the MPI_Recv at line 341 and sends back the bu.er size and the bu.er.


But the next two lines are meta-code, distinguished by & and !

initially, programmers implement the metaprogram containing the execution macros for externally launching the MDE tool and the generator macros for loading the model code in AST form.


In our sampling of tags retrieved from the Jazz Foundation project, we found that most of the distinct tag terms were Component-specific (39%) or Idiosyncratic (39%).

while, the former study took into account data from only one project and one collaborative environment, we analyzed tagging behaviors in two different projects (Jazz Foundation and WebLion), developed using two distinct collaborative development environments (Jazz and Trac, respectively).


Moreover, it is not pos- sible for the compiler to check whether they are reasonably imple- mented and not self-contradictory.

note that we check the conformance of the protocol LTSs without taking state pred- icates into account (since the task of conformance checking would become undecidable otherwise).


A dependence-based view of software is, of course, only one of several useful views.


The combined logic of both DSXs the PolicyDSL and SetsDSL can be efficiently used to construct a policy that allows several policy alternatives.


Termination of a protocol depends on the building blocks , pure functions given as arguments to the arr combinators.

opis uses Arrow combinators to advances techniques for implementing reliable large-scale distributed systems such as transport services.


Home automation is also targeted by open organizations or strong brands, e.g., European KNX (the convergence of EHS, BatiBUS, EIB), Asian Echonet, ZigBee Alliance, Lon, X10.

figure 2 Dynamic mediation on a service platform The device reification on the platform is dynamic.


Compared to a greedy placement strategy, the solution quality generally improves with increasing k as more sets of combinations are iteratively evaluated.

{1,...,n} : i=1 t= tthe aggregate system-wide utility if al l ci oi tasks in J were to complete execution at their respective optimal completion time.


The procedural information provided in the online help was the same as in the print manual, and each procedure was designed to help guide users through a particular task from start to finish.

this was an internal project at a small company and a completely separate team for usability testing was not possible.


Notably, they do not give means to represent the obliged and prohibited actions.

the penalty attribute of the object classes in A is intended to store the amount of each actor penalties.


Introduction Design patterns have increasingly gained acceptance not only as reusable constructs for software development but also the documentation and comprehension of the architectural design of a software system.

the languages are inadequate to convey the abstract nature (flexibility) of pattern leitmotifs that we claim it imprecise in describing the high level constraints of pattern leitmotifs.


Many tools for performance pro.ling and visualization have been developed [20, 23, 35, 38].

transparent Draw (Figure 2) Mozilla developers implemented a procedure nsImage::Draw for .gure scaling, compositing, and rendering, which is a waste of time for transparent .gures.


In addition to Hierarchy View, DOJ provides several other views, including one that provides a number of relevant statistics that attempt to quantify the impact of obfuscations on the program.

this method is not included in Methods(A).


TheSAprojectteam needstoacquire domainortask knowledge fromcustomers andthis acquirementprocessisoften challenging.

[7] J.-G.Lou,Q.Fu,S.Yang, J.Li,andB.Wu.Miningprogram work.ow frominterleavedtraces.In Proc.


In this case, understanding and reengineering such a process is often difficult due to the number of dependencies between objects, which are not separated or organized according to the interaction context.

a role represents the extrinsic features of a business object when it collaborates with other business objects.


Speci.c Contract Enforcement Subaspect  implements the part of the contract concern that is speci.c to the business concern of a class.

contract enforcement code is interwined with the business code, hindering maintenance.


If an execution request from a client does not include the .ow-model itself but an information of the location of the .owmodel, the server will fetch it from the address.

this paper also shows an implementation of the Caravela platform which maps the .owmodel on a GPU.


The next steps consist in using a faster XPath processor (e.g.

traditional methods for editing compound documents are not suf.cient to reap the bene.ts from these technologies [4].


CASTA 09, August 24, 2009, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

gathered information can sometimes be contradictory or irrelevant.


Even if the strong generational hypothesis holds, the difference between the mortality rate for a group of objects of age t and the mortality rate for older objects will tend to approach zero as t increases.

this additional write barrier is used only during a minor collection that promotes into the intermediate generation; the mutator does not use it, nor does a major collection, nor does a minor collection that promotes directly into the older ROF generation.


Our main goal is to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed system.

a Performance Evaluation of Web Services Security.


it is essential to us the validity of the results obtained when applying financial formulas.


Report YCS-2005-395, Dept.of Computer Science,UniversityofYork,UK, October 2005.

the .le format is simply the show of the Mix data structure, allowing for easy reading and writing from inside Haskell programs.


INTRODUCTION A fleet of emerging agile methods of software development (with extreme programming being the flagship), once considered a novelty, is now moving towards the mainstream of the software industry.

i believe that using XP improves the productivity of small teams.


[7] proposed an integer linear programming (ILP) approach for integrated HW-SW partitioning and scheduling.

we obtained four HW design points for the dot product task, four HW design points for the quantization task and one HW design point each for the preprocessing, zigzag, RLE and Hulfman encoding tasks.


They liked the download preview capability, because it allowed them to view the changes their partner made to the repository prior to incorporating them into their own workspace.

the lack of repository activity indicator meant that the participants had to compensate by verbally monitoring each other s progress.


Furthermore, they usually implement a complex AIbased architecture, based on goals, which is problematic in the case of the integration with a Narrative Engine such as IDtension, because goals are already managed at the narrative level.

(2009) Pogamut 3 Can Assist Developers in Building AI for Their Videogame Agents In Proceedings of Workshop on Agents for Games and Simulations in conjunction with Autonomous Agent and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS) Budapest, May 11, 2009.


), or multiple ALU operations(e.g., multiply-accumulate operation).

we have used LLVM 3.0 loop unrolling implementation as there is a bug in LLVM 2.9 implementation.


An example for such a need is authenticity.

in our recent research, we analyzed a number of SRD from small and medium enterprises (SRE) with regard to the consideration of security.


Another result is that most extensions occur at a high level of granularity (programmers use #ifdefs mostly to enframe functions or entire blocks, such as ifstatements or for-loops).

we argue that there is no relationship between the number of features in a software system and the complexity in terms of feature constants.


Furthermore, we found that many out of state healthcare in-stitutions have to comply with various different regulations.

moreover, our training and dissemi-nation efforts aim to connect the iDASH center with its stakehold-ers as well as educate data owners and data consumers on how to properly share and use clinical and biological data.


Each output is represented as a float4, so 400 bytes are written in one go.

typically the e.ciency with which the hardware accesses arrays depends (in an arcane way) on how the array is laid out and how this matches the underlying storage hardware.


Assume that the sender estimates (it will be clear shortly why the sender has to estimate the delay) that after a delay of dt1, receiver 1 will receive it, will use the coordinate and velocity parameters to compute the entity s current location and move it there (point C) and from this time onwards, the exported and the placed paths will become the same.

although DR1 was computed at time T1 and sent to the receiver, it did not reach the receiver until time T1 + dt1.


The IIS*Studio forms for specification of these UI elements are presented in Figure 2.

its specification contains information necessary to provide GUI code generation.


Additionally, it has strengthened security guarantees due to the fact that only small number of services need maximal privileges.

placing the security fence at the proper place with the proper conditions is the key to achieve security in a system.


Heaney, M., The Charles Container Library, http://charles.tigris.org.

no call to either of these can be written using named associations for the parameters: the call Proc(L => V, R => W); matches both procedures equally well, so the compiler cannot resolve the call and reports the error.


Whether the application analysis is performed dynamically or statically, and  Which application market stakeholders to be o.ered this technology.

getSimSerialNumber() ICC Returns the serial number of the SIM getVoiceMailAphaTag() Voice mail ID Retrieves the alphabetic identi.er associated with the voice mail identi.er.


3.3 Method-Execution Comparison The Diffut framework treats one of the two class versions as the class under test and the other version, called a reference class, as the class to be checked against during program execution.

such global renaming can lead to some syntactic or semantic problems.


In the context of wireless networks, many performance issues have been identi.ed when the 802.11 MAC protocol is used for ad hoc networking [5].

the distance between adjacent nodes is 50 m. All links are within the same interference set.


Directly accessing the shared space is much slower than accessing the private spaces which is cachable.

openMP gives developers a simple interface to parallelize their programs.


Moreover, these systems are constantly evolving by virtue of changes in the hardware and software platform, and due to changes in requirements.

tucson, AZ Aalto University School of Business Runeberginkatu 22-24 FI-00100 Helsinki, Finland Matti.Rossi@aalto.fi University of Alabama Department of Computer Science Box 870290 Tuscaloosa, AL sprinkle@ECE.Arizona.Edu gray@cs.ua.edu Abstract Domain-Specific Modeling (DSM) has proven to be a viable solution to the challenges related to abstraction mismatches between the problem and solution spaces.


They may even describe how they implemented a tool.

customers couldn t write requirements in a testable way.


We note however that unblocking the ob ject generating a rendez-vous so as to prevent deadlock in case a rollback is required may, in its turn lead to live-lock.

in another proposal [6] the notion of state query is introduced.


Economic reasons (such as short time to market and special skills required) and practical reasons (non-functional software aspects are often determined by the latest decisions in Copyright is held by the author/owner.

although a potential domain for every parameter can be de.ned, in practice limitations may reciprocally induce restrictions of domains while the choices are progressively performed.


End-user involvement is in particular relevant for early software engineering activities such as requirements elicitation.

iNTRODUCTION "The notion of 'user' cannot be precisely defined, and therefore has no place in computer science or software engineering."


This clearly satis.es the above criteria, because all objects will live for the duration of the entire program.

java code is generally not written with object deallocation in mind (as code in a non-garbage collected language like C++ may be), and it is therefore not always reasonable to pick out places in the code where .nalization and deallocation can occur.


The complexity of the algorithm is o(nn dsom dfexfex nxnwhere nf is the number of modules, nlf is the maximum number of loops in any one module, nbl is the maximum number of basic blocks in any one loop and npb is the maximum number of predecessors of a basic block.

a sequence of examples describes each analysis step as it is performed for a function barthat a) is called by main and b) is calling foo, as depicted in Figure 2.


In ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, SOSP 07, pages 31 44, New York, NY, USA, 2007.

the CmPS work also formalized a notion they call computation migration, where most of the state is frozen and left behind, and the reduced continuation is sent, does its computation, and immediately returns to rejoin the rest of the state it left behind.


receiveChan pongin sendChan partner (Ping pongin) ping2 pingout pongin 4.1 Combining ports There is an analogy between the expect function and its channelbased counterpart, receiveChan: both receive a message of a particular type.


Indirect matching of input libraries differing from those of GOOL.

each class instantiation or method call to the original input library gets intercepted, and rephrased into the GOOL-like calls, which in turn get matched into the abstract GOOL library at recognition.


A nested-loops join (NLJN) can always propagate the order from its outer input.

e.cient mid-query re-optimization of sub-optimal query execution plans.


dedup, ferret, fluidanimate, barnes, radiosity, and raytrace have over 500% overhead.

pARROT s reduction measured with small state spaces is a conservative estimate of its potential.


Self-managing systems developed using the proposed approach will frequently need to determine how the current alternative (or to predict how some potentially useful alternative) satisfies its functional and non-functional requirements.

evolutionary approaches to autonomic systems [11], such as those found in biology, constitute a third way of building autonomic software.


Using data gathered from the trials, the investigator analyzes the dependent variables, which are the observable factors that varied based on what treatment was applied, while taking into account the independent variables, which are the factors that may have in.uenced how the treatments were applied, to see if the hypothesis was supported or contradicted.

such a regime compares two or more treatments using a set of program families, one for each treatment, and a set of maintenance tasks.


Annotation Inference Although AliasJava is intended to give programmers the flexibility to express a wide variety of data sharing idioms, there are practical issues that may limit its adoption.

here, the result is always a value with a unique annotation, but the value of the field that was read is updated to null in the store.


Thus, we would have to trust that all application classes implemented that interface, and consequently we would give responsibilities to the programmer to do it so (violating the property of transparency).

aRCHITECTURE In this section we describe the main aspects of the architecture of the checkpoint-enabled OO VM.


e ' }]]) || T).,C GUARD SYNC GUARDED EVENT ((t,E[aGuard(.x.e)]) || T).,C .

the rule SYNC GUARDED EVENT simply strips the guarded event context and synchronizes on the encapsulated expression.


5.3.2 Developing the application From the experiment, bene.ts of Java are determined by a few central properties such as its safety (including automatic memory management), the existence of pre-developed software components and tools, and the provision of a consistent and homogeneous object-oriented framework including, in particular, real-time aspects.

the restrictions imposed on the Java language and the virtual machine include [19] no native interfaces, no user-de.ned class loaders, no thread groups or daemon threads, no ob ject .nalization, etc.


Because of the symmetric computation of similarity, the similarity matrix represents an undirected graph with weighted edges between nodes.

in order to test the requirement specified in AC256, the requirement specified in AC103 must be satisfied.


4.3 System Monitoring and Task Pro.ling The scheduling decision is based on system resource consumption status and task resource demands.

linear model and quadratic model only achieve 0.657 and 0.714 for overall R2 value, receptively.


We assume that the choice of the interpretation of F is made by choosing p parameters from some .eld ,.

this interpretation captures the commutativity and associativity properties of the bitwise and and bitwise or operators inside basic blocks.


compute-bound applications such as matrix and pca show some further scaling beyond4threads on Core i7, gaining additional bene.t from the hy  benchmark description input data grep kmeans linearR matrix pca sm wc .nd string occurrences in input text .le group 3d points into clusters based on their Euclidean distance compute best-.t line for input data .le dense integer matrix multiplication principal components analysis on an integer matrix search input text .le for a word count instances of each unique word in input text .le S:10MB, M:50MB, L:100MB S:100k points, M:250K, L:500K S:10MB, M:50MB, L:100MB S:1000x1000 values, M:2000x2000, L:3000x3000 S:1000x1000 values, M:2000x2000, L:3000x3000 S:10MB, M:50MB, L:100MB S:10MB, M:50MB, L:100MB Table 2.


InFigure5(a),theleft x-axisshowstheaveragenumber of beacon message received during each 220-ms interval, andthe right x-axisplots the80-percentilelocalization error.

the clock o.set between beacon 1 and 3 can then be calculated transitively from the previous two values as 41.8+(-61.3) =19.5.


The FSA speci.es that the target system usually generates the following sequence of events during correct executions: a .le is opened, data are written in the .le, the .le is closed and .nally sent through the network.

we obtained the set of cases to be investigated by automatically generating expected and observed sequences that di.er according to the following dimensions: the type of the anomaly, the starting point of the anomaly, the length of the anomaly, and, only for composite anomalies, the number of events that separate the two basic anomalies that compose the composite anomalies.


The rich interaction with a diversity of contributors and the specialization in determined parts of the code, lead a developer to gain adaptiveness which eventually will reduce the number of bugs [11].


All of the generated .les are successfully compiled by gcc.

actors send and receive tokens in relative asynchrony, and tokens may be bu.ered on the way from the sender to the receiver.


Reference-counting collectors maintain for each object a count of pointers that reference it.

in order to synchronize the concurrent actions of the collector and the mutator thread in our method.


Therefore, the motivations to o.oad computation to the cloud are similar to mobile applications and existing cloud o.oading techniques used in mobile computing become appealing.

rather, application decomposition into apps and applets and platform services such as data transfer are needed to enable applications to run on this hybrid platform.


Relative speedup: client UNIFOR (top) and client BNB (bottom).

we are interested in investigating the impact of applying client-side server selection mechanisms to reduce the response time of geographically replicated web services.


The benchmarks are available in increasing problem sizes: S, W, and A through E. Because of the very high execution times and memory requirements of the larger problem sizes, we only measured problem sizes up to B for FT and MG, and problem sizes up to C for the other used benchmarks.

1(b) diamondville Intel Atom 330 1.60 GHz 4 GB 1 2 2 (SMT) Fig.


2.7 Dialogs and Error Handling The JPT has three levels of dialog box: JPTDialog, InputDialog, and ErrorDialog.

in JPT, the totality of user input from a complex view can be easily converted into a corresponding data model and any input errors will be detected and corrected along the way.


If used correctly, Author's address: E. Kaneshima, Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Brazil; email: kaneshima.eliana@gmail.com; Rosana T. V. Braga, ICMC -Universidade de São Paulo Av.

to copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission.


Our background subtraction approach is based on building a model of the colors seen in the neighborhood around each pixel and then computing the difference between each new pixel value and the historical model for that pixel s neighborhood.

formal Methods and Models for Co-Design, 2004.


In this paper we focus on the notion of subjective multimethods to achieve run-time behaviour adaptability of mobile systems to changes in their surrounding context.

concurrent context switching, whereas needed, brings its own problems as discussed in Section 4.3.


[58] J. Tyler, D. Wilkinson, and B. Huberman.

while these results may be similar to what occurs in projects that don t .t these criteria, we have no evidence to support that assertion.


In order to characterize branch usage, we sent an online survey to 370 Microsoft engineers in January 2011.

we are confident our techniques can be applied to other projects, espe-cially given the increased popularity of branching through distrib-uted version control systems [18].


Extending .ow analysis to model the semantics of SPMD programs is crucial for nonseparable data-.ow analyses such as reaching constants.

a compilation approach for Fortran 90D/HPF compilers on distributed memory MIMD computers.


In other architectural styles, the characteristictype may use any processing type between a client and servers.

at a time when system designers have to decide the architecture of an application system, it is not unusual that data location and processing style between a client and a server and among servers are not settled.


Loop fusion for data locality and parallelism.

the FindRoute service sends, in parallel, name1 as input to service AddrBook(1),and name2 as input to service AddrBook(2).


The algorithm assumes that counters and traces are kept in a PC-indexed global map that is manipulated by getCounter and getTrace that return the counter and trace associated with a PC, respectively, and by getAd 2 Prior to enter the loop in Figure 2, trace 0 is already formed from the entry point of String.length and includes codes following the return of String.length from a different calling context.

we use a simple heuristic to approximate topological ordering: a basic block x is considered topologically earlier than a basic block y,if x and y belong to the same method and if the bytecode index of x is less than that of y.


The programming language gives us the machine meaning, but we need the program language, the mapping of foo, and bar, and their relationship to meaningful concepts in the problem domain, to actually understand the purpose of the code, and its human level pragmatics.

as with any joke, it is hard to pin down precisely what is funny about it.


In 10th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture, pages 24 35, Feb. 2004.

the case for power management in web servers.


First, block B1_2 is moved from B1 to B1_1.

in a second run, the modi.ed elements were sorted by their depth in reverse order, i.e.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.

moreover, a concurrent unit test might have di.erent outcomes depending on the scheduling, which are equally acceptable, e.g.


P (sk) (1) i=0 constraints where P (sk) represents a LTL property f in step k, I is the function for the set of initial states of M and .

this method is incomplete since it considers the veri.cation up to a given .xed context bound.


In the usage of Titanium, however, it was necessary to make some adaptations for certain behaviors to be adapted to both platforms.

while developing the test app with each one of the three frameworks, we evaluated both the tool advantages for the developer and how well it produced an interaction design in concordance with Android and iOS conventions.


Whereas a resource aspect, physical parameters which have a large impact on duration of jobs are included such as CPU and network related factors(e.g., the number of cores, CPU power, network bandwidth, computing resource location[distance] etc).

these traces typically exist in a large-scale and they are required to be processed and re.ned properly so that picking out useful features for the performance improvement.


Figure 3 extends the Java RMI framework on both the client and server sides.

to achieve this, the loader is added to the server-side architecture to periodically load streaming data into the continuous buffer after an initial streaming session is set up.


The serialization/deserialization process also works when migrating between machines with di.erent endianness.

it is very similar to the mark phase of a garbage collector and is actually implemented on top of the collector.


3.1 Genetic Algorithms Genetic algorithms form search-based heuristics mimicking the natural evolution process.

it therefore demonstrates that F leads to a better solution regarding all the examined objectives.


Sums are composed of type constructors S, which may optionally take an argument.

is the count of the constructors, which are numbered from 0).


In that case we can de.ne the operator as a datatype.

it can be seen as a generalisation of Regular, using indexed functors instead of plain functors for the generic representation.


A na¨ive approach to generating this knowledge is to .ip all cells and read them back, comparing new to original values.

the vertical lines show where the baseline rank modulation fails.


4.2 Increasing Code Coverage The second use case aims to demonstrate DCE .exibility to con.gure the network environment parameters of experiments by examining the code coverage of the networking protocol stack under test.

the use of NSC is limited to the validation of TCP protocols as it relies on a language-dependent source-level parser, which is unable to cope with the full set of languages and constructs found in 11The bootstrap time might be reduced by using snapshots of the VMs after initialization.


Another study by Google expects that by 2016, nearly 50% of the world's population will be using the Internet and about 80% of all users will use a smartphone for web access [3].

in general terms EpiChord can be thought of as Chord with a cache of extra node addresses and therefore the routing algorithm is similar to that in Chord.


2.5 Runtime errors Finally, we consider runtime errors.

gHCi chooses one of the function arguments.


IOpt uses a nested reason to explain why it thinks that the statement may not always be executed.

in our experiments we found that this combination gives the best results.


4.2 Advices Advices specify exactly what needs to be done to the element(s) selected in the pointcut.

indeed, theoretically it is possible that one adaptation aspect nullifies the effects of another.


A reputation function f is a real valued function on 'that maps nodes of a graph to real values.

this is the idea that if a user A trusts B,and B trusts C,then A may trust C to some extent, even if A hasn t previously interacted with C. Since direct trust is represented in the graph as directed edges, the notion of transitive trust exactly corresponds to propagation of trust along paths.


Tracking join and self-join sizes in limited storage.

this was a useful example to study since there is no error introduced in computing F1 of the ground stream: it is precisely the number of items observed in that stream (consequently, the skewness of the synthetic Zip.an distribution is irrelevant for this aggregate).


Only the activated state can fire if the corresponding enabling event occurs.

it would be difficult to animate and watch a display of GANTT chart or signal waveform  Figure 4.


In this paper, the data reported in Table 1 are further analyzed, in order to extract additional knowledge about the correlation that may exist not only between Function Points and COSMIC Function Point, but also between such measures and the BFC.

this correlation excludes project 19; including project 19 does not change sensibly the result (R2 remains unchanged, while the average absolute error increases by 0.5 %).


In a .rst step, our algorithm simply computes the parallel composition of all roles or, more technically speaking, of all statecharts.

a Framework for Speci.cation Veri.cation for Complex Embedded Systems.


For example, even in a pure distributed P2P .le-sharing network, we can build a reputation system with DHT[21].

in Step 2, calculate the hardness value for each object in Sr, i.e.


The guard could override these malfunctions and still keep the system running.

computing the reliability for this experiment by the developers should have equated to the simple success to success plus failure ratio.


Preslak (2006) found no correlation between personality and team processes.

design diagrams, project plans, a range of program code and test scripts.


The design of the pulmonary controller, as shown in Fig.

the hierarchical organ-system architecture allows local compensation for PAEs within different layers of controllers.


Then, other issues such as information security of testing scripts and SLA of performance testing are also very important for performance testing service providers.

figure 3 shows a typical method of measuring an execution process.


We start with extending the monotypic unidirectional framework of arrows to a monotypic bidirectional framework of bidirectional arrows, bi-arrows.

combinators for bi-directional tree transformations: A linguistic approach to the view update problem.


In the second phase, actual register assignment is done by first splitting all live ranges then coalesce them.

a cache has its own autonomous eviction policy but CCSM is completely under compiler control.


c : B..eld16 ; The type of an unknown expression on the right-hand side is the subtype of a known left-hand side expression s type and vice-versa, e.g., {field1, unknown, :> java.lang.String} and {field2, unknown, <: C}.

we had no reason to think that a more complex type combination scheme involving constraint solving would produce more accurate results.


[20] R. Xu, C. Xi, R. Melhem, and D. Mossé.

we consider SIDVS because its solution contains all the essential ingredients of our approach and can be easily extended to solve the other two problems.


If, in any given state of the automaton, an event is passed such that no transition exists, then the automaton rests to its initial state.

monitoring and Fault-Diagnosis with Digital Clocks.


The .nal cell of this propagator is an interface to the actuator and contains the .nal dependency or set of adaptations to be activated or deactivated.

the cells CO2 and Foam contain the actual adaptations which are also inputs to other propagators.


With only 8% of codings, this dimension was the least mentioned among the External-Relations Outcomes.

center for Technology in Government, Albany, 2009.


At this moment, S[edi]=0x424a38, which indicates that we are dereferencing a memory address pointed to by the value stored in 0x424a38.


In this way, similar to ant colonies, the agents can communicate by using digital pheromones, which are stored in the functional components of the system.

a central feedback loop seriously limits the robustness of the autonomic system by introducing a single point of failure, and becomes a scalability bottleneck for any large enough system.


This model named MCNRP-R (MCS for NRP-Risk).

a f iti and B f iti are the ith objectives value of A and B, respectively.


Properties can be used by tools to inspect the component in different phases of the development process (e.g., when calculating a scheduler).

during the project, prototypes of composition environments have been produced, which shall lead to a (commercial) tool.


DWRR operates in concert with existing scheduler policies targeting other system attributes, such as latency and throughput.

we have BV th = t + , (1) P - 1 where B is the round slice unit as de.ned in Section 3.2.1.


There are several types of applications that can benefit from this distributed application platform.

most customers have indicated a preference for a model in which usage per request is limited in order to avoid receiving an enormous bill at the end of the month because of an infinite loop or some other bug that creates runaway usage.


These examples contain no complex control structures, instances of inter-procedural scope, or direct bu.er accesses outside of string functions, and therefore cannot represent complex bu.er access patterns found in Internet servers.

dISCUSSION The performance of .ve modern static analysis tools was analyzed using 14 model programs to determine both detection rates for known bu.er over.ows and false alarm rates for patched source code after these bu.er over.ows have been eliminated.


as a result, asynchronously communicating systems exhibit behaviors over in.nite statespaces.


These characteristics are going to be pervasive.


in this scenario, jCardSim is ported to Android and runs on top of the Dalvik Java virtual machine.


While PUSH works perfectly well on a stand-alone machine, the original intent was to use it to drive workloads and work.ows across a cluster of machines.

this allows work.ows and component applications to initiate new branches of computation or analysis at any stage of the pipeline or in reaction to data produced by a previous portion of the pipeline giving the entire infrastructure a degree of elasticity that seemed to be missing from previously available tools.


The second manner (Figure 4.b) consists in de.ning a chromosome as a partition of all classes.


In addition to heap symmetries, our checker also handles other symmetries.

we could not run Korat on the FileSystem benchmark because the Korat infrastructure does not yet support multidimensional arrays.


However, this is just a weak conjecture since the proof of suf.ciency heavily relies (in the case for product types) on the well-foundedness property.

permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.


Instead of creating this partition early in the design phase, we advocate a .exible hardware/software boundary enabling late binding of components to the soft core or the hardware fabric.

it has an elegant components-based architecture.


The library is comprised of a hand-constructed decision tree that checks for the presence of critical invariants and interface functions in order to declare a data structure match.

application trends also point toward the importance of data orchestration.


Performance analysis of exceptions propagation mechanism WS Development Toolkit NetBeans IDE (Sun) IBM WSDK .

6 below shows the classification of errors and failures taking into consideration their sources, consequences, correspondence analysis of exceptions raised by them (see section 5) and also possible means for recovering and fault-tolerance discussed in detail in [14].


as the product (dV )T , as result of basic theorems of linear algebra.

sequences of bytecodes assigned to clause heads and body literals of the clauses C1 and C2 of predicate append by the functions E(C, H) and E(C, L).


1) [1]; (c) Map the extracted OOG to an as-built C&C view, with architectural types and traceability information;  3.

similarly, DataNode maps to objData, and LogicNode maps to objData.


It has to be allocated to DRAM since it is highly dependent on the performance.

we propose the bit shifting method to store access information while other works use a portion of PRAM or SRAM cache to store access information.


b has a different signature than B but the same behavior as B .


The latter preserve the integrity and often also the freshness of data, meaning that the reader consumes the latest complete value produced by the writer.

it is often the case that many tasks occur at the same time, for instance, in the multi-periodic case where tasks have the same initial phase.


This architecture allows for an independent development of the VE.

to ease the task of adding a new target environment a clear separation of concerns for the involved components is needed.


The production rate of edge AB) varies dynamically with an upper bound (, of 10 and the consumption rate varies with an upper limit of 8 .

in this case all communication between PEs is not-deterministic.


Intra-procedural code is relocated to remove super.uous instructions due to patching.

[6] R. Kumar, D. M. Tullsen, N. P. Jouppi, and P. Ranganathan.


Portability In theory, the parser and Ace editor are also highly portable across different platforms and mobile devices.

figure 1 gives an overview of several editor services in a desktop-based IDE.


This results in a uniform construction method for various types of meta-level architectures.

it is not required that the order of message dispatch between two arbitrary actors is preserved at their arrival.


5.3 The TTT language storing the traces of the user actions and supporting read-only functions on these traces We save all the past actions of the users and build functions on them.

we propose the following transformation rules in order to map tasks from CTT into statements in TTT language.


Given our improved understanding of AORE challenges over the past five years, does the original vision need to be extended with new challenges that may have emerged.

even in these approaches, the syntactic references utilised in the composition specifications introduce fragility in such specifications hence compromising the resilience to changes [7].


most functional properties, such as mutual exclusion, nonstarvation and safety, can be easily expressed with LTL.

both models are con.gured with a single working microengine and a single working thread so that the packet processing order is deterministic.


We introduced glue code that invokes platform-dependent system calls to interface with the platform-independent code on our target platform.

for example, the de.nitions of minimal and a clear indication are not clear.


The behaviors of program after injecting a fault are categorized as Detected, Seg Fault, Timeout and Benign.

as far as we know, none of the existing fault detection methods work at task granularity.


Accordingly, in this work, we uniquely combine the above two methods together, based on our previous analyfor the residents with ses.


The set of guards C(X) is de.ned by the grammar: C(X) 3 g ::= false | true | x ~ c | c ~ x | x - y ~ c |¬g |g .

important classes of security requirements are very hard to express using traditional safety or liveness properties.


The memory space in a CRAMES device consists of several virtually contiguous memory chunks.

a hash table minimizes the memory overhead by only keeping block indices that are actually accessed.


7 shows how PEs are placed on the CMP die.

stealing only from nearby processors may still be bene.cial.


Please note that the output possibilities are endless.

in short, the system caters for solutions and practices of electronic governance, and succeeds in effectively communicating its findings to different audiences.


The TCP stack implements RTT estimation, window management, and congestion and flow control mechanisms.


Each gateway has a stable connectiontotheglobal networkincluding theInternet,GSM(GlobalSystemforMobile), and thelike, regardless of whether it is wired or wireless.

atthisstage,the most commonapplicationisdata retrieval, for example, tra.c information, weather update, parking lot availability, local restaurant information, and the like[4].


We have added more discussion in section 5.5 regarding this issue.

typically, the overuse rate is only slightly more expensive than the average rate under the cap.


Using the opt-in model the application developer has to be aware of those aspects that are supposed to be woven into the bundle s classes.

at that point we stress the fact that the advice logic and the pointcut implementations are decoupled completely.


to represent derivation, the approach can be characterized as; (A, .A, M ) .

recon.guration and re-evaluation of the Markov models with respect a change require further research.


After these requests are satis.ed, and a timeout period of inactivity has passed, the disk may enter a low-power state to conserve energy and remain in that state until the next set of requests arrives.

our Best Shifting policy provides an e.ective energy-conserving predictor, while automatically updating its prediction policy in light of the current workload.


the workloads of DAS2-fs0 and LPC-EGEE exhibit many bursty moments.


To do this, we look for the part of the object that has tags which overlap the outer tags of the update dimension.

we need to represent the following relationships between the abstract states that the tags represent: 1.


In a case study of a medium-sized open source project more than 50% of all change transactions turned out not to be signi.cant structural changes [2].

information gained from that models can support software developers to apply refactoring in a way that reduces error-proneness of software together with an optimization of e.orts.


In International Conference on Software Engineering, pages 477 478, 2010.

the utilization of Bayesian methods as a research paradigm for formulating software testing challenges needs further investigation.


It is important to note that dynamic dimensions do not define the contents of views but rather the focus of views.

it is interesting to note that the development dimensions of KobrA, illustrated in Figure 3, already contain the notion of dynamic and static dimensions.


This temporarily, and locally, may violate reduction rule R4 to guarantee consistent =-and =edges.

keeping low the frequency of collisions in the unique and computed table is of paramount importance to the BBDD package performance.


The instantiation directives specify that |CFNWithOutPath is composed with ConditionalExecutionNode and OutPathNode is composed with OutPath-NodeWithCondition.

the situation is different in BInheritance.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Diomidis Spinellis, for his continuous support and ideas.

characterizing failures in mobile OSes: a case study with Android and Symbian.


A system administrator can construct data volumes, one or more of which can reside on top of a physical disk aggregate.

it is important to con.gure measurement data collection so it bears minimal impact on system performance and also contains all data needed to accomplish the analysis.


Caesar and gbeta have stronger type systems and more well-de.ned semantics.

the types of arguments and the return type of a method can use virtual classes from other arguments.


All approaches that target user interactivity must overcome the challenge of determining when a task will complete without assistance from the application.

we place a transition point at approximately every 1 Mcycles.


Scrap your boilerplate: A practical design pattern for generic programming.

it enables one user to determine which .les a second user can read, write, or execute.


APT explicitly deals only with compile-time properties of the source language (Java), in line with the principle of correspondence.

self uses prototypes instead of classes, but unlike Actors[3], it unifies access to state and behavior.


While polymorphism is unusual, it does occur.

the autoloader function is given the name of the missing class and is responsible for loading the .le de.ning that class.


This paper describes an approach to creating documentation in the form of guides, which encapsulate passive information about important tasks along with active steps to be followed.

from this view, a user can activate a concern to indicate that s/he intends to work primarily in the associated area of interest.


[3] Rajiv D. Banker and Chris F. Kemerer.

planning and managing software maintenance is a challenging task for most software organizations because, while the initial phases of the software lifecycle target the development of new products, software maintenance is better described in terms of a service provided to the users of existing software [2, 11].


Because SVA-OS is implemented simply as a C library that can be linked with the SVA-ported Linux kernel, that kernel can be compiled with any C compiler.

section 4 explains the approach to enforcing safety in SVA.


These two metrics are indicators of problematic classes, which are classes presenting potential maintenance challenges.

the left most round corner box represents the components that went through pre-design implementation activities and the right most round corner box represents the components that went through implementation activities.


This paper describes P2, a facility (deployable as a service or library) for the declarative construction, maintenance, and sharing of overlay networks.

first, structured tables are a simple and natural representation for network state; for example, neighbor tables are widely used in networks.


Toaddresstheseshortcomings,wepropose aprioritized search technique called GAMBIT that combines the speed bene.ts of heuristic-guided fuzzing with the soundness, progress, and reproducibility guarantees of stateless model checking.

gAMBIT .nds all 23 bugs in less than two minutes, with an appropriately chosen heuristic.Similarly,for afull-coverage search usingpartial-order reduction(with nopre-emptionbound),CHESSisunableto .nd10 of thebugswithinan hour,whileGAMBIT .ndsall of theminlessthantwominutes.We also .ndthatdifferentheuristicsworkbestfordifferenttests.These results suggest that the best way to use GAMBIT is to run multiple versionsinparallel with each test using adifferentheuristic.


In other words, the consolidation will be Figure6: Dataset Descriptionfor Benchmarks Figure 7: Throughput Bene.ts from Space Sharing oblivious of the execution con.gurations of the workloads.

advances in GPU technology are further supporting task parallelism.


In future work we will further evaluate the sensitivity of MC/DC to code structure with fault .nding experiments.

for the industrial models in our experiment, our hypothesis (H) that states a test suite generated to provide MC/DC over the non-inlined implementation will achieve lower MC/DC coverage over the inlined implementation is supported.


In this line, the Monitor is thought to be activated on any or many host(s) depending on the group size.

in addition, it can help us to understand the message flow implied for the remote services.


It restores the pre-eminence of the design in the use of Mock Objects, which has often been overshadowed by its use for testing interactions with third-party libraries.

this fails, because our implementation of loadObject() retrieves the current time into a variable before loading the object, with the message: DynamicMockError: mockClock: no match found Invoked: getCurrentTime() in: expected at least once: getCurrentTime(no arguments),  after load on mockObjectLoader, returns , then returns  This message tells us that we have an invocation of getCurrentTime(), but we re actually looking for an invocation of getCurrentTime() that occurs after an invocation of load(), which is not the same thing.


As a result, student senses unexpected vibrations.

a black octagon is placed at the center of SCP (Surface Contact Point) when the cursor is on the paper, and the size of the octagon is scaled by the writing pressure, the degree of reaction force between the cursor and the paper.


Therefore, we transform constraint (2) into a theorem to be veri.ed by a SAT solver.

background 2.1 Safe Composition inFeature-Oriented Design Feature models.


An initial experimental assessment of the dynamic modelling in uml.

their experience refers to skilled professionals and not novices.


However,as explained in Section 2.1.3,the two 1 .elds in these two classes are .eld equivalent,as are the two 2 .elds.

we say that a LOOM is correct for a program if the program s execution,under the alternate semantics determined by the LOOM,is equivalent to the program s execution under the standard semantics.


Space-and time-ef.cient implementation of the Java object model.

the bene.ts shown in the graph are independent of the garbage collection strategy (provided a tracing collector is used) and would apply even with a perfect tracing collector.


This should remind the reader of a fully associative cache [9].

the idea behind DFTL is simple: since most enterprise-scale workloads exhibit significant temporal locality, DFTL uses the on-.ash limited SRAM to store the most popular (speci.cally, most recently used) mappings while the rest are maintained on the .ash device itself.


4.1 Dynamic Integration As mentioned above, the dynamic integration of di.erent context recognition systems is required to provide an integrated treatment of parallel or interleaved tasks.

iEEE Pervasive Computing, 8(2):49 56, April-June 2009.


The combined source code of both commercial applications was about 30,000lines of C++ and Java code.

when such an API call is encountered in a CFG, a new stack is created.


Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).

provide a means for defining service coordination in an unambiguous manner.


For example, if an attribute of an entity is realized as a Java variable that is given the same name as the attribute s name in the model, all attributes of all entities should be mapped in a similar way.

when a developer is constrained to use a single design to model all concerns of a system together (for example, design elements related to user interface, security, etc., are modeled together in a monolithic design), the elements of the design often become scattered and tangled together, with unfortunate consequences[10].


We denote posits by lower-case greek letters, a,(,...Once such proposals are accepted, in accordance to the rules of the governing institution, they enter the Deal Store.

it should also be straightforward to express the axiomatic semantics we have given in the Appendix using modal operators for beliefs and intentions, similarly to the modal semantics SL of the FIPA ACL [6].


Fortunately, it is safe to insert paired calls to serial.native and native.serial anywhere.

n) (begin (display (c-c-m fact even)) a) (mark-if-even n (w-c-m fact n (fact-tr (sub1 n)(* na)))))) (fact-tr 31) .. console output: (#(12)) computed value: 6 Figure 1.


The geographically distributed sensing increases the probability that there will be a suf.cient number of LOS detections.

figure 3 shows the relationship between the measured shockwave length and the actual miss distance for 168 shockwave detections.


It improves significantly and all three sampling strategies have comparable results with the sampling ratio greater than 1.5%.

it is important to bear in mind that a larger burn-in period translates to longer wait times as the sampler converges to a uniform random sample.


Interestingly, just running on two cores gives us enough .negrain interleaving of concurrent processes to demonstrate the presence of race conditions, something we had to achieve by instrumenting the code with calls to yield() to control the scheduler when we .rst tested this code in 2005.

eqc_statem already has built-in shrinking methods, of which the most important tries to delete unnecessary commands from the test case, and eqc_par_statem inherits these methods.


More (static) analysis can then be performed on that part of the model to see if the problem can be identi.ed and solved statically; otherwise, more test cases can be generated for that part to further examine it dynamically.

it is checked that the order of system states at runtime matches what is speci.ed in the models.


Second, a user s application commits a transaction by submitting a commit request to a TM implementation and waiting for the response.

every progressive, single-version TM implementation that ensures opacity and uses invisible reads has the time complexity of O(k), where k = |Obj |.


To evaluate how useful our approach is in practice, we are planning its extensive application to other real systems.

model checking therefore does not scale, in general, to systems of realistic size.


For example, the synchronization discipline described above has been cast as an extension to Java s type system [5].

we are developing a framework for programmer-de.ned typeand-effect systems.


In this case the entire application is represented by this model.

selection allows choosing a model to retain among the candidate models at a given level.


: ``Aligning application architecture to the business context.''

the business actors supported by the software system are identified through the intersection of the sets of actors included in the software system design, SSActors, and BPActors.


Final result can guide software testers to perform better feature selection in SFP and then further reduce the cost of software development and development.

three methods use both relevance analysis and redundancy analysis, and the other three methods only use relevance analysis.


A naïve solution would be to include all the tokens and productions from both domains to form a combined grammar and then generate the parser using the DMS parser generator.

dMS provides pre-constructed domains for several dozen languages such as Java, C++, and Object Pascal.


B. User-Speci.ed Schedule Construction In addition to extracting the schedule from a given phase of the computation, we present an approach to programming construct steal trees.

figure 6 plots the amount of time taken to execute the fork/join initializer to redistribute the data based on the current template schedule to localize the accesses.


APPENDIX Algorithm for the Digital Cash Protocol The customer prepares n anonymous money orders for a given amount.

the vast majority of people developing or evaluating a cryptosystem will never create or cryptoanalyze the underlying encryption algorithms.


As a result, the sum of pathids is 22a + 231 which is an odd number.

we use the median among the shrinkage factors reported over seven such random selections to classify each function to a shrinkage factor.


Moreover, the alias analysis that ensures the correctness of this optimization is currently implemented in IonMonkey in a very simple way.

have proposed an over.ow-check elimination technique for JIT compilers.


It increases the avaiable memory by a small amount at time, and it always runs GC before an increase (so to avoid the increase whenever possible).

rELATED WORK Manual allocation and deallocation are used in most software systems.


Background 2.1 The Base Compiler The base of our implementation is Bartok, which allows the use of managed languages like C# for general-purpose programming.

upon entry to swap, the stack holds the arguments x and y on its top, each of which is a pointer to some aliased location inside ..


Ideally, the interface to a component never changes.

since refactoring plays such an important role as mature components evolve, we propose that refactorings are used to formally express component evolution.


The FAA addresses the integration of separately developed vehicle functions on the functional level, i.e.

[5] U. Freund et al., The EAST-ADL: A Joint Effort of the European Automotive Industry to Structure Distributed Automotive Embedded Control Software, 2nd Workshop on ERTS, Toulouse 2004.


SKA and VWAP (and most SPADE-based applications) do not use .owspecs on their streams, so each argument-level node has only one child node (the null .owspec).

we have found that for any non-trivial operator topology within a PE, it is not obvious how the RFs should be combined.


[14] M. Kolp, P. Giorgini, J. Mylopoulos.

she received her PhD in informatics Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.


[0,1] as map from a value in v to its percentile within the distribution V, and its inverse function, CDF-1 : [0,1] .

acknowledgements The authors are indebted to Cynthia Bailey Lee, Allan Snavely, and the anonymous reviewers for their feedback on earlier drafts.


(In the next section, continuations are encrypted closures.)

our useof cryptographysupportsaprogrammingstyle where trustedor secret data canbeof.oaded onto the client.


Many locks are ubiquitously used on multithreaded applications in Java.

chameleon: Application-level power management.


However, this mechanism has limitations: in particular, it prevents the client from modifying the underlying collection during iteration.

there is also a default, forward mode that corresponds to the ordinary Java interpretation of the method signature: a mode in which o is known and the method returns true or false.


Only when all the tests passed were the subjects allowed to go to the next task.

the tasks have different levels of dif.culty.


frequency 0.3 gives a higher MSE than the normalized cuto.

the watermarked data are derived by solving the following optimization problem: min : ini (4) s.t.


Zygote process: Zygote is the .rst application process loaded by the Dalvik VM when the system boots.

note that the past works on taint tracking generally reports signi.cant overhead, e.g., 20× [17] slowdown.


Logically associated class files can be combined to Java archives (JAR files) and similar archives used for deployment in web servers (WAR files) and application servers (EAR files).

this application allows customers to take part in surveys using their mobile phones whenever and wherever they want to.


The comparison indicated that TetaJ upholds the safety property and in many cases will be capable of producing very precise estimates.

running the tasks in the provided schedule both the methane and water tasks will meet their deadlines.


Thistypeof knowledgeistypically common acrossafamilyof software applications underanalysis(e.g.,applications usingsystemAPIsfromkernel32.dll).


Intuitively, the bene.ts from virtualizations are higher the lower the migration cost are relative to the latency penalty.

[13] which shows that under certain circumstances, migration of a Samba front-end server closer to the clients can be bene.cial even for bulk-data applications.


Finally, we want to explore the possibility to discover optimization opportunities using model checkers, as outlined in Section 2.1.

checking that these requirements hold can only be performed on RUMs that are over-abstractions; it would not be possible if RUMs were expressed as under-abstractions.


The code that is generated assists robots in maneuvering around the dangerous obstacles.

the underlying structure of the model can be synthesized into numerous artifacts, such as input to analysis tools and even pure code generation.


We treat the real-time property as the primary consideration in MobiVMM design.


This simpli.es upgrading, because users only need to update a component on one device and it migrates to all the other devices.

we have designed the TRAMP architecture with components that (1) create device communities, (2) migrate processes, (3) perform signalling for process migration, (4) achieve transparent connection handover, (5) provide e.cient data sharing, (6) describe and discover application components within device communities, (7) implement policies, and (8) aid users in con.guring devices.


For example, mouse events can be represented as event streams.

these can be thought of abstractions that represent uninterrupted, .uid .ow of incoming data from a steady event.


Others additionally have markup similar to SnipSnaps macros.

7 12489 Berlin, Germany matthias.jugel@.rst.fraunhofer.de ABSTRACT The Radeox Wiki markup render engine is a basic component for the construction of a Wiki or any system that wishes to integrate basic Wiki functionality.


Also, each location is associated with a measure of the expected quality of the wireless connection active in each location (attribute Connectivity).

according to the condition statement, the trigger is executed only if the new reached position falls inside a location with a low connectivity.


The condition under which statements on lines 16 and 17 are executed is given by the disjunction of the bits of t2, since the implicit test is t2 = 0: MayNonZero(V2) = (¬(sx .

under the neither assumption only the assignment to z at the candidate edge reaches the return statement (line 19).


However if an activity cannot achieve its goal 100%, it cannot achieve the goal successfully.


The mobile client (Pentium-III laptop) is connected to the Internet through variable bandwidth (100Kbps to 1Mbps) wireless link and IPC/RPC server (Dual-core Pentium desktop) is connected to Internet through 100Mbps wired link.

the conventional RPC semantics used in general-purpose distributed systems, connected by high-speed wired network, are not adequate in mobile computing paradigm due to the characteristics of wireless communication systems [1].


Suppose first that there is an occurrence of U (call it U2 for the moment) between the last two occurrences of V (call them V1 and V2) on the chain.

if the procedure P contains the internal procedure Q, then P is the static parent of Q, and Q is a static child of P. As with any such relationships, we define a static ancestor of Q to be either the static parent of Q or, recursively, a static ancestor of the static parent of Q.


Copyright 2005 ACM 1-59593-121-X/05/0005 $5.00 As will be discussed, the inclusion of industrial case studies in evidence-based software engineering (EBSE) is not without its challenges [15].

the XP2-EF is a collaboration with researchers at University of Cagliari in Italy who have sent a doctoral student to North Carolina State University (NCSU) for a period of almost three months.


For instance the .rst addendum is the pair 7The case when an intersection mix only negative atoms needs a special treatment.

it must be such that f v : t ..Hf v :¬ t. 6For instance, let us consider the recursive type t =(0 .


14 test cases were created using the TTF method, whereas the BZ-TT method generated 80.

very few techniques address the issue of con.guration con.rmation.


In Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium (PETS 14), volume 8555 of LNCS, pages 63 82.

some of these requirements may require signi.cant extensions to existing PIR schemes, or a new scheme; for example, several works study PIR schemes which are robust to benign and/or byzantine failures [Gol07, DGH12, DG14].


To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.

current object audio systems are not suitable for cloud-based consumer devices (CBCD) because it does only have information fields for multiple audio track and group information for audio tracks.


We demonstrate how this concept can be applied to an example system.

people often do not distinguish between variable features and variability in software design.


: the next day the whole lab had TextWrangler installed.

it provides so much control (rollback capability and version comparison) that I can't recommend it highly enough.


Since the size of the scratch-pad SRAM is limited, it may not be large enough to store the input, intermediate, and output streams in their entireties.

by exploiting DLP using the proposed mapping method, tions.


For a WCET optimization that must be aware of a valid WCEP, an if-else statement,for which theWCEPgoes either through the then-or else-partin different contexts, is not crucial since a path switch can not emerge.

acceleratingWCET-drivenOptimizationsby theInvariantPathParadigm aCaseStudy ofLoopUnswitching * PaulLokuciejewski,FatihGedikli,PeterMarwedel ComputerScience12 TUDortmundUniversity D-44221Dortmund,Germany FirstName.LastName@udo.edu Abstract The worst-case executiontime(WCET) being the upper bound of the maximum execution time corresponds to the longest path through the program s control .ow graph.


The adaptivity gives a degree of variability to software.

of ICSE -Future of Software Engineering, pages 259 268, 2007.


Logical relations in various forms are routinely used to reason about program equivalence and type abstraction [20, 14, 17, 3].


The composition relies on the Transformation  Figure 3: Integrated Kepler-Pegasus System.

they often present different models and capabilities to the users.


The work is restricted to the service-oriented paradigm which is the basis for the product line development.

rELATED WORK Czarnecki and Kim in [6] describe the relationship between feature models and ontologies.


The reason of choosing to have only simple processes as During this process, the process part of each service pat sub-processes of the composite process of a service pattern tern composing the work.ow is analyzed.

the composition reasoning process is primarily focused on concrete Web services, thereby having to deal with very large search spaces.


[3] C. Barrett, A. Stump, , and C. Tinelli.

for example, after a call to find, a new path from node s to node t is either an old path from s to t , or it consists of an old path to a node a .


The contribution of this paper is thus to propose a distributed PaaS approach which .ts the decentralized nature of mobilesystemsbyintegrating thecapabilitiesof(private) mobile resource providers and allowing them to form a dynamic alliancefor each upcomingbusinessprocess.

wORKPAD: An Adaptive Peer-to-Peer Software Infrastructure for Supporting Collaborative Work of Human Operators in Emergency/Disaster Scenarios.


The description of the compareTo method from the Java Collection Framework or the equals and hashCode methods of Dbject allexemplify this.

categories and Subject Descriptors D.1.5[Programming Techniques]: Object-oriented Programming; D.2.5[Testing and Debugging]:TestingTools General Terms Reliability, Languages, Design Keywords Mouldable Programming,Java, JUnit, UnitTesting, Test Data Generation, Axioms, Data Invariants, ProgramTransformation 1.


We treat methods containing dangerous edges as dangerous methods , and then apply an algorithm that walks the interprocedural control .ow graph for P ' to .nd the set of a.ected methods that can be reached via control .ow paths through one or more of the dangerous methods.

we have been researching a test suite augmentation technique that uses genetic algorithms.


The obtained code has been executed on the host Windows machine, exercising it by means of the same interface designed for the other implementation, and the execution of this implementation has been compared, on the identified test cases, with the execution on the target platform.

in this paper we report instead how the introduction of diversity in the adopted model driven development process helps to improve safety of the produced equipment.


Everyone has their own highly developed expertise.

large Team Projects in Software Engineering Courses.


Most interviewees at both companies had good experiences from the collaboration between PD and ME considering software development.

to be able to make the right decisions and make the right priorities in software related issues in production, some of the interviewees emphasized the importance of adequate software knowledge on the management level.


In Provenance and Annotation of Data, volume 4145/2006.

wHIP also contains utilities for building bundles on the local machine by selecting .les from the local .le system, and publishing them to a known repository.


Certainly, definitions of the same operation in several diagrams must be consistent (the same situation as for the sequence notation).

typically there is a great desire to represent some data flow within the operation body under the design  what class attributes and local variables are used as operation arguments, where the returned data are stored and so on.


The runtime interface thorns provide custom APIs which can be used by other thorns to register new interface functions or browser webpages.

if a con2prim failure is not inconsequential, then NaNs very quickly propagate away from an initial single point of failure, and the simulation has to be terminated.


In that way, JINSI could classify more interactions as irrelevant; the possible outcome is illustrated in Figure 9.

we wanted to extend JINSI from a single component to multiple objects, isolating relevant interactions at all levels of an application.


Unlike Pacer, IFRit does not do any work during non-sampled periods (except to check a boolean .ag), so we miss races where only one of the monitor starts is sampled.

the third race was caused by a missing barrier call.


Theoutput ofCFMistightlybound tothespeci.cbinary being pro.led.

forexample, aftera user successfully authenticates withtheFTPserver,theprocess servicing him executes with reduced privileges.


Evolution of Developer Social Network and Its Impact on Bug Fixing Process Amit Kumar Research Scholar, IIIT Delhi, India Faculty, Galgotias University, Gr.

while they considered the measures based on number of defects fixed, closed, assigned, and submitted we also considered the measures based on number of reopened bugs and average time to fix the bugs.


Product tailors are companies whose business revenue is based on product licenses but whose product still has a low degree of productization.

characterizing Factors of the Product Development Process We also asked companies to estimate their product development process by some statements where the farends were not necessarily opposites, but describe, e.g., how information for products is primarily gathered.


T includes the predicate node of s such that p(Cs)=true.

selecting software test data using data .ow information.


To copyotherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.

the investment made on software must take uncertainty into account, specially in the turbulent and globalized world where software development takes place these days.


We assume only that we have access to a stepper that provides a sequence of evaluation steps (augmented with some meta information) in the core language.

macro-by-example: Deriving syntactic transformations from their speci.cations.


Examples for tasks net and tasks tree are shown in figure 2 .

mulfithreading management for better performance and more control.


In Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) frameworks, FCI is used to implement advice weaving [15] on a set of preset control points, which are de.ned to be an entry or exit of functions with the same concern, such that a piece of associated code is inserted to execute whenever the points are reached by the program in execution.

a function call interception technique can offer an easy way of plugging in new code into an existing software code base, as the following example demonstrates.


Navigation Section 5 only considered the de.nition of single-screen interfaces.

in addition, developers have come to expect excellent IDE support for their languages, including in-line error highlighting, reference resolving, outlines, code completion and refactoring support.


There is a possibility to extend any description, in.nitely [32], and so a child psychologist may extract very different .ndings from the video data than parties conducting pattern analysis, for example.

it provides empirical resources which designers may use to support their reasoning about what typically goes on in particular places and, in considering the bricolage of patterns that coalesce around particular technologies therein, to identify potential application areas for design.


[[let x = e1 in e2]]G = M let e =[[e1]]G put s = CState $ (s, cs) -> (Left (), (s , cs)) 1 M 2 get = CState $ (s, cs) -> (Left s, (s, cs)) e =[[e2]]G in if e1 is of functional type ora constant fromCacheEither :: forall s a.

it is clear that the generated monadic code can be improvedincertainways.Indeed,acloserexaminationofthemonadi.ed code generated by our compiler for the tracing example reveals that most of the calls to add2Cache function can be optimized away.


To name just a few, the Unified Process ascribes to use cases a major role in capturing functional requisites and proposes them as the starting point to development [5].

the control machine activates the motor.


When we only read the intermediate data, there is hardly any di.erence in the overall completion time (Hadoop vs. Read).

the failure and recovery problem for replicated databases.


In general, without anyfurther loop transformations, this will introduce modsand divs into the arrayaccesses.

to show this, let T be the mapping transformation T = PS + S (7) thus the partitioned indices are strip-mined and the sequential indices left alone.


The future home environment approach, in contrast, is not trans parent to the user.

similar to the time period of low-power modes, Tc should not be chosen too small, in order to avoid interferences with the work of the user.


Unsolved existential variables get solved when they are compared against a type.

c, which says that if a term of type A is applied to argument e,the result has type C. quanti.ers will be instantiated exactly when needed to reveal a function type.


The rules in these two grammarsarenumbered and ruleswithidentical numbersmustbe simultaneously executed.

besidesthishierarchical structurethere are further relationships among the probabilistic patterns.


Secondly, as location and access transparency are the basis for most other relevant middleware properties, one possible system model that embodies object-readiness is the Fault-Tolerance Naming Service (FTNS).

the key for achieving scalable and maintainable distributed systems is dependability, because otherwise the complexity of distribution would leave the system uncontrollable.


well as signed encrypted anew within the SANE.

however very expectedly, a proxy delay time required to actually proxy the communication is inevitable as the anonymisation of the clients require that the entire connection is decrypted and veri.ed as 6Only the identi.cation token, a timestamp and the appropriate signature had to be added to the request.


These might require the addition of new constructs to FDs (e.g., binding times) or complementary use of other languages, e.g.

our understanding of their working methodology was signi.cantly improved through these sessions.


However, automated testing requires a much higher initial investment than manual test execution does.

we assume an evenly distributed risk exposure over all test cases, but we calculate the benefit of manual testing based on the number of completely tested releases.


To be able to tabulate recursions using states or transitions we provide an arbitrary total ordering over each one, providing a mapping to the natural numbers (see Section 3.2).

[17] P. Ste.en, R. Giegerich, and M. Giraud.


In the current implementation of remove(), we can .nd that the post-state satis.es the composition property by calling our method DestructorVeri.er.

the support of composition was widely discussed by object ownership in the literature in which there are two main approaches.


It indicates the expected authorization property expressed in assertion Check DSoD is denied by the constraint speci.cation.


After obtaining the buggy and the bug .x revisions, we compute the changes to each .le involved in the latter by doing a di.

cHARACTERISTICS OF BUG FIX PATTERNS In this section, we show the frequency of bug .x patterns in the four verilog projects analyzed.


[32] J. Cleland-Huang, R. Settimi, C. Duan, and X. Zou, "Utilizing Supporting Evidence to Improve Dynamic Requirements Traceability," in Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering: IEEE Computer Society, 2005.

3.2 Term Extraction The text fragments analyzed for similarity needs to be preprocessed before any comparison can take place.


A video streaming source which must handle each and every interested component individually will not scale.

scalability of distributed applications is usually achieved by parallelizing application algorithms and distributing the processing of their parts to di.erent processors.


In the experiment on Berkeley DB, we start two nodes to form a replication group.

a whole-program replay incurs 8% slowdown, though the performance is still comparable to R2.


All of the presented models are sufficiently general to allow temporary objects to be allocated during the execution of critical tasks.

there was a desire to maintain greater compatibility with the RTSJ.


12: PROTOT Y P E: implementing the Prototype module and using it inside the Hydra class.

most of its functionality (like to copy, freeze, and print objects) is mixed-in from the module Kernel.


Mr. Doe may not want his relatives to know that he has granted Ms. Jones access to the Medical Notes.

dependent of g s callers; f does getName() { Programs (top-level commands) are translatedbyprepend-not in.uence the trustlevel.


Since Snow offers, by nature, a well formalized system and since it presents interesting packages, we have implemented a simple tool (entirely with ScmPkg packages) that automatically generates ScmPkg interfaces from Snow descriptions.

( syntax  ) R5RS formal parameter list corresponds to traditional Scheme code.


This approach separates the speci.cation of code generators from the speci.cation of their composition, providing more .exibility in choosing code generators that should be used for a particular generation task.

in Stan Jarzabek, Douglas C. Schmidt, and Todd L. Veldhuizen, editors, Proc.


4.2 Constraint Templates Constraint templates capture common encoded sub-expressions, modulo o.set in the bit-vector.

line 20 speci.es that the variable v must contain a speci.c substring (e.g., a tautology that can lead to an SQL injection attack).


Di.erent languages support di.erent approaches to data representation.

to achieve this result, it is necessary to have a sound representation of the native methods encountered during the execution of a program and its underlying libraries.


Computer Science; Computational Logic; Logic programming and Beyond, 2408, 2002.

pre-conditions that are too weak may only marginally constraint the speci.cation and lead to a larger number of iteration steps before termination.


Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (2000), 60- 70.

the industrial testers were critical of the modeling language and the test generator.


With this organization, a DRAM to PCM migration takes 8K cycles with a page striped across 8 banks (there are 8 writes per memory bank for each migration).

figure 10 shows the average speedup of all 13 single-programmed workloads for di.erent migrations latencies.


Thus,weneedafltertothewritebarrierwhichgetsridof recordingnon-structurebindings.ThisspecialtrailoperationisexactlytheWAM-liketrailoperation: voidbtrail(int*t)fif(t:BB)*TT;;=t;g Sincevariablebindingsareperformedmainlyingetinstructions,btrail()isusedbythesubsetofget'sannotatedto CollectingCompactingAfterGC TT -trail roots TT - TT - ST free -........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... free -young -........... ........... ........... GL - GL GL old old Figure5:CGCOverview non-structureterms,whereastrail()isusedbytheoneannotatedtostructureterms.Thisrefnementgreatlyreduces thenumberofrootsinrememberedsetswithnoextracost.


In addition, the input component im- plements data decompression.

rFC 1301, Internet Engineering Task Force, 1992.


If it is, we branch into the instrumented code.

we discovered that designing a data gathering infrastructure that would scale is non-trivial.


The overhead of the pro.ler varies depending on the applications.

note that the active scheduler only needs to monitor the instructions involved in the iRoot being exposed, thus limiting the runtime overhead.


By implementing the algorithm in the interconnect driver, the algorithm needs to track bytes being moved through the interface, monitor special behaviors of the device such as RDMA operations, and, for the most part, does not need to worry as much about MPI level semantics.

dejaVu: Transparent user-level checkpointing, migration and recovery for distributed systems.


The details of the re.nement algorithm are not relevant for this paper.

[1] in the context of iterative SAT-based abstraction framework.


To consider the worst case scenario, these pair of objects are always generated to be within the window size, WS.

load Balancing and Stability Issues in Algorithms for Service Composition.


[32]  Figure 1: An Overview of the Proposed Research ber of policies to be analyzed, it is infeasible to carry out a thorough comparisonbetween the user sprivacypolicies and policies of all potential providers.

in this case, we de.neacollaborative model tocarry outpolicy integration.


2.4 Evaluation Following our analysis, we re-interviewed some participants to validate our .ndings.

categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.9 [Software Engineering]: Management  General Terms Human Factors 1.


The histograms for chunk set 1 have far less variation than the corresponding top-level histograms.

the description also speci.es that the delimiter "[" appears between the kind and dumpid .elds, and the delimiter "]: " appears between the dumpid and report .elds.


System quality might also be in.uenced by the choice of components to provide the required services (because of multiple implementation of the same functionality with di.erent extra-functional properties) and the choice of hardware resources to run the system on.

for example, a heuristic evolution is to move a component from an over-utilised server to a lightly utilised server.


in a situation where object keys carry semantics).

the simulations ended when 4600 seconds had passed.


In our experiments, conservative garbage collection reclaimed more ob- jects than explicit deaUoeation in only one programfl.

it is important to keep in mind that the benchmarks we used are well-established and well-studied pro- grams; thus it would have been surprising to find significant leaks in them.


An application of the function Fi in the form (#pi R)M in the source program is interpreted in the target program as #pi (F (pi = M)), where the corresponding function F ' in the overloaded function is selected i up to the record label pi.

the embedding into the target type is not full 4(p1 : t1, .


and had to implement its correctness veri.cation based on a norm check on the residual of the matrix (||C -A · B||) instead of direct comparisons possible in exact arithmetic.

the interface provided is not without issues.


This statement may have been motivated by the results of an experiment by Crowder and Morton highlighting the suffix effect [1] whereby nonspeech sounds (unlike speech) are shown not to impair shortterm memory.

for example, Schaffer et al [7] showed that, compared to the fullzoom method, the fisheye view allowed users to navigate more quickly and retain information about previously navigated spaces more easily.


closed return false Algorithm 1: The f-test-and-set implementation.

the process continues until it reaches an output port.


Current and past research in self-managed systems has focused on a combination of fault diagnosis and the development of adaptation strategies.

even though all the mechanisms discussed here can in principle be applied to any failure detection scenario, the goal of fully automatic detection and .xing of failures poses stricter requirements on the employed mechanisms.


To introduce con.icts, we add another handler that aggregates the results of concurrently executing handlers.


Example NRL/SCR software requirements for an automobile cruise control and monitoring system.

our proof strategies only rely on state invariants1 so assuming a formula up through step n;1can soundly be replaced by the conjunction of the assumed one-state property, say x, with both 8and pin E=(SF8Fp).


In this semantics, each reference cell is allocated at an address a, and the store s maps addresses to values.

the SPARSELA-BEL implementation s performance was comparable on both UserPwdFine and UserPwdCoarse.


TRACEABILITY In SPLE, the traceability between the feature model and the reference architecture is crucial, in other words, the variability and dependencies at the requirement level a.ects the functionalities and dependencies between the architectural components.

variabilities in reference architecture are normally represented in terms of interfaces and sockets.


In this section, we empirically evaluate Falcon , including comparisons to existing approaches, on a suite of faulty multithreaded Java programs.

after all k executions, the set of suspicious patterns and the number of passing and failing executions associated with each pattern is passed to Step 2 of the algorithm.


Many Olden benchmarks use malloc primarily to allocate structures that contain mostly pointers.

for malloc, the type of the pointer is used for this purpose.


Meanwhile, scheduling policies at the hardware architecture level coordinate multiple threads within a single core.

it might help the prospective design of a hierarchical OS scheduling policy for more complicated environments, such as supercomputers and cloud computing.


If we had perfect visibility into the internal state transitions of control software, we could replay inputs at precisely the correct point.

to be guaranteed to traverse any state transi procedure PEEK(input subsequence) inferred .


REFERENCES [1] G. Antoniol, G. Canfora, G. Casazza, A.

we can only claim that we have performed our analysis on parts of the software in the case studies.


This issue is particularly salient in open source projects, where no instances of file copy are known a priori.

otherwise we are likely to spend most of manual comparison effort on files that are not false positives and we would need a much bigger sample to see a meaningful number of false positives.


Note that the UML specification of Figure 7 does not contain deterministic events which are concurrently active.

[3] R. German and A. Heindl, A Fourth Order Algorithm with Automatic Step Size Control for the Transient Analysis of DSPNs, IEEE Trans.


The API translation is straightforward once the adaptor designer found an appropriate mapping model.

the current version of FiRST resource specification uses XML format as the ProtoGENI, it is easy to define the translation module since most of the works are related to finding existence and ordering of XML elements.


All perspectives were combined by the system architect into the single RA.

the main concern of this level is the system s main modules and their responsibilities.


In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, pages 151 158, 1971.

one would expect that, in runs where few failures occur, a decision can be reached earlier than in those with more failures.


Consequently, improving the indirect branch prediction accuracy has a large e.ect on interpreter performance.

the dynamic techniques can be combined with static superinstructions for even greater speed (up to a factor 3.17).


The TAB eliminates, on average, 12.1% of data accesses to the L2 cache.

assume for this example that the L1D line size is 32 bytes.


This way, interpretation of recon.guration scripts can be distributed, and a script interpreter can remotely invoke another one.

in some applications, it is better to evaluate an FPath expression at the receiving side, because a path is expressed in the context of the recon.guration controller performing the action.


We expect that adding support to other .le systems would also be relatively easy.

simply removing those layers is not possible because they provide essential management and protection mechanisms.


1, 2, and 3 can withstand the compromise of at most 1 malicious node in the network using ARC-P with parameter 2F =2 (each graph is (2,2)-robust but not (3,3)-robust).

if a set S is (r, s)-reachable, we know there are at least s nodes in S with at least r neighbors outside of S. if S is (r, s) ' reachable, then it is (r, s)-reachable, for s' = s. Also, it is clear that s =|S| and all subsets of nodes of any digraph are (r, 0)reachable.


Advances in constraint solving technology [4, 13] have enabled solvers to handle more complex constraints.

in the last benchmark, a hash table implemented using nested lists, LazyDP and DP are slightly better thanKorat.


(b, a), allowing for increase sharing between the two computations.

the unfold for (possibly .nite) lists is: unfold :: (a .


(2) Improve MUVI correlation analysis and bug detection accuracy via better code analysis.

mUVI uses a threshold MinCon.dence to prune out correlation candidates with too low con.dence.


ADEPT.ex -Supporting Dynamic Changes of Work.ow without Loosing Control.


Motivations and Themes An increasing number of high-level programming language implementations is realized using standard virtual machines.

he received his Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 2005.


The underlying rationale for this approach is the assumption that scenarios describe a particular type of component in which the capability of outputting a particular message uniquely identifies its state .

generating explicit declarative requirements from an operational description.