Note that any two predicates de.ned in different loop iterations are never connected by an edge and therefore are always assumed to be independent.

the second to last row of the table, Avg.


For these users, in both cases the OS has failed, and this is the experience perception that reverberates on the OS quality reputation.

[2] Boinc, Open-source software for volunteer computing and grid computing.


In DTDs, the grouping mechanism can be simulated by defining external DTDs and referencing these from within a so called root DTD.

moreover, our transformation approach enables the visualization of any DTDbased language in terms of MOF-based metamodels and thus, enhances the understandability of those languages.


[38] examined higher-order transformations (HOT), i.e., transformations manipulating transformations.

and due to space limitations, we present a set of properties that is tentative and obviously incomplete, and rather focus on the transformation properties required for Section 3.


However, the framework in [5] did not take into account possible specialization of bytecode during linking, hence linking was reduced to inter-checking,that is, checking that mutual assumptions on fragments are satis.ed.

a class type assignment can be thought of as the type information which can be extracted from a class declaration (hence the metavariables .


Early prediction models focus on the relevant architectural aspects as well as the business logic neglecting details of the underlying infrastructure.

basic components contain an abstract behavioural speci.cation called Resource Demanding-Service E.ect Speci.cation (RD-SEFF) for each provided service.


General Terms Algorithms, Standardization, Design  Keywords Ontology Engineering, Ontology Enrichment, OWL 1.

this is in line with the OBO Foundrygoal of developing an orthogonal collection of ontologies which would be re-used as needed.


The sys kernel suspend() .rst saves the processor context and memory context into the reserved space which was used as test area.

in USENIX Annual Technical Conference on Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference, pages 357 362, 2007.


x), Const(1)) //val termWrong = Fun((x: Exp[Int]) .

this solution prevents legitimate inheritance from AST classes, which at least was often useful when we implemented SQuOpt.


Table 3 shows the ratio of the minimal distance between the nearest MP3 fingerprint pair and that of the farthest MP3 fingerprint pair, i.e., the normalized distance measure.

experiments are performed on the RWC music database to show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed MP3 fingerprinting system.


These interfaces include lifecycle and state management, messagebased communication, concurrency control, policy and bootstrap interfaces.

such systems remain challenging to construct as they must operate in changing environments with variable user loads, resource levels and unpredictable system faults [3].


2.2 A Multi-DSAL Debug Scenario Consider the following scenario.

each potential join point in the granularity is classi.ed as either visible or invisible.


2.2 Information about Components 2.2.1 Just Binaries Thesituationwhereonlybinaries(andsomemoderately tellingnaturallanguagedocumentation)areavailableseems tobethepoorestamongtheoptionstobeconsidered.How-ever,thisisquitecommonforpeopleworkingwithCOTS.

aBSTRACTION speci fication source code data Figure3:  COMPREHENSIVENESS vertical partition (slice) ConceptualdimensionsforanalyzingSoftware Debatingfocallength,wethinkaboutthelevelsofspecifcation,source-code,anddata-pointsasthreedistinctrepresentations.Specifcationandsource-codesharethepropertyofcompleteness(andoverwhelmingness),data-points arecomprehensiblebutepisodic.Foreachoftheselevels,we suggestatextualrepresentationasrepresentationalnorm.


However, in .....the corresponding .................... call requires an input stream as an argument.

binaries admit exactly the same sorts of type-checking and local reasoning as source-level representations, given appropriate metadata.


These peers will not have to pay any fees to the original owner of the entry.

since C cannot interpret RT n, S has to request the translators to send the necessary mapping entries to C, to facilitate result translation.


Furthermore, it must deal with existing numerical code: it is quite uncommon that low-level routines are developed from scratch, since an enormous amount of well-tested mathematical functions is available.

clusterL also introduces some metaphors for representing particular types of processes: source processes, i.e.


Market vs. limit orders: The SuperDOT evidence on order submission strategy.

the best algorithm in the world is not su.cient.


In this case, we build something similar to the fullName basic survey, except that it uses an algebraic data type in a multiple-choice question.

surveyor is a domain-speci.c embedded language (DSEL) in Haskell, presenting a way to design surveys that is strongly typed from the ground up.


The connectivity information conplatforms is MPICH2 on a Linux platform and the backtains whether the two particles are within the cuto.

runtime Support to Parallelize Adaptive Irregular Programs, 1994.


The intuition behind such approaches is Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.

yagg uses the context-free grammar to generate many candidate inputs, which are then validated by the context-sensitive checks in the action blocks.


Thus, the data is a part of the process environment and not the process state.

xen s ability to checkpoint a domain by suspending and resuming it from disk, in conjunction with copy-on-write disks, provides a platform for deterministically replaying a distributed application.


USER INTERFACE DESIGN We now discuss how the user interface of a Visual Studio integrationofPOE works.

while atafencepointfor allprocesses, since all senders that match a wildcard receive are known, rewrite the receives into speci.c receives.


The Small Histories site already encompasses tag-like user-created classification of contact via its Themes metadata option, and RSS feeds are planned for the next prototype.

the concept of ordering to create meaning implies that narrative is a journey from one point to another (or others), a sequential, time-based course of action: in other words, a process.


The prototype is not optimized with respect to performance.


REFERENCES [1] Ali M.F., Pérez-Quiñones M.A.

our approach requires only one specification, that can be given with all the level of detail required (choice of widgets, layout, ) while taking advantage of information specified at higher abstraction levels if this information is available.


It describes the process function, which is called by the underlying streaming runtime when data arrives at a River operator.

for example, the JVM supports Jython rather than C Python, and the CLR supports F# rather than OCaml.


Rigorous theoretical study of this problem had been limited to close-to-uniform node distributions [4, 1].

[2] I. Abraham, C. Gavoille, A. V. Goldberg, and D. Malkhi.


Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.8 [Software Engineering]: Metrics - Product metrics  General Terms Measurement.

a constant goal must be continual improvement in the quality of its products and services.


An example of the modi.ed layout is depicted in Figure 4.

whenever an item is inserted into some slot, we give that slot 1 dollar.


In our opinion the key factor should be the flexibility.

the developer can select the suitable hardware platform according his needs (reliability, costs, performance, power consumption, expected lifetime, etc) from a range of microcontrollers or embedded targets based on 8-bits, 16 bits or 32 bits microprocessors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), or customized Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for specific-purpose use.


The output is a set of all (k, w)-cores of G for the value of k, determined by the k-core.

[9] A. Chatzigeorgiou, N. Tsantalis, and G. Stephanides.


Q4: Do failures related to overly strong preconditions containing the same template of warning message reveal the same strong precondition?

developers choose input programs for checking just the preconditions they are aware of.


In this case, it inserts a created or moved directories.

[7] Dave Hitz, James Lau, and Michael Malcolm.


PECOS is a collaborative project between industrial and research partners that seeks to enable component-based technology for a certain class of embedded systems known as .eld devices by taking into account the speci.c properties of this application area.

two utility methods are generated to aid in performing these tasks: .import_: imports the value from the outside world into the local DS (input-port and inout-port only) .export_ : exports the value from the local DS to the outside world (output-port and inout-port only) 5.3 Executing the System To be able to run the generated code an execution environment is necessary.


Component-based software engineering: putting the pieces together.

if the formula does not hold, we are even given a counterexample, i.e.


Both Late and Early do not assume a tool exists to determine either signal strength or signal quality.

we are currently investigating the performance of extensions to the Late and Early techniques.


Another important dependency (in any modeling tool) is the binding of view elements to the structure of a language.

modeling is mostly creative work, and sadly, current high end modeling tools do not support this very well.


Nondeterministic choice between two processes is denoted by the + operator.

some SPAs ' [4, 11] allow for multiple transitions from s to s labeled with l. Moreover, di.erent SPAs use di.erent semantic frameworks.


Because the hierarchy is too wide, when stretched, the view becomes dif.cult to grasp.

in Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Software Visualization (SOFTVIS 2005), 173 182.


In a database system, MySQL consumed highest energy when it combined Apache HTTP server with PHP-CGI web technology where the other con.guration did not in.uence signi.cantly.

lighttpd servers can only be con.gured with two of the variants, PHP-CGI and PHP-FPM.


CEGAR is relevant when:  Properties are being checked on abstract models; a violation of such a property leads to a counterexample  A detailed concrete model is available, from which extra information can be added to the abstract model.


After the child exits, wait returns, and dash is supposed to remove the child from the job list.

in Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX 08), June 2008.


The transform function is used internally by MT to transform each element in the root set but, as in this example, may be called at will by the user.

work on trace visualization in areas such as object orientated systems (e.g.


Journal of Systems and Software, 80(6):862 882, 2007.

t ) | m(t) .P (t), this mutant is = considered killed.


Formal veri.cation of a realistic compiler.

which term one keys on (i.e., which term one uni.es with the projection from the structure) may in general depend on when a certain computation needs to be triggered.


Coleman R, Council D (2004) Living longer: the new context for design.

lET OFF STEAM Raising awareness and expressingpreconceptions, knowledge and priorexposure to robots 3.


In addition to those expressions it contains obligation expressions, .at evaluation contexts, and -.

values that are being provided to the function are being provided from the argument and vice versa.


is less expressive and allows less customization than GMF.

very often, these concern-speci.c languages are entwined; they share concepts, and structures and graphical elements as possible in order to maximize visual economy [8] and ease the adoption of the new language.


Master s thesis, ELTE, Budapest, Hungary,2001.

the compiler can, and has to, .nd this type by inspecting module M. Haskell prescribes no relation between module names and .les, but by convention each module resides in a .hs or .lhs .le.


Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124(14):3555 3561, 2002.

theabsence ofacontrolsystem placesacertain burden on design to not only create intended effects, but to do so without the later opportunity to ameliorate noise.


Some researchers use control flow graphs of aspects to classify the aspects [23] for reasoning or for unit testing AO programs based on the data flow [27].

hence, this problem will result in the selection of many more redundant tests in AO programs than in OO programs and accordingly additional human labor is needed to verify the results and modify the oracle for these tests.


The introduction of such processors has several implications for the design of e.cient parallel algorithms.

it was almost immediately abandoned since the multicolor schemes proved to be much more e.cient on parallel systems where synchronization is expensive.


Note that computational resources in AWS are charged by the hour.

second, we could use a smaller portion of the corpus, processing less GBs this time and attempting a complete run later.


Decrement is a recursive function, so tokens are also removed from the buckets of all higher-level nodes.

unlike network bandwidth, the available disk bandwidth .uctuates due to variations in seek times for different disk requests, complicating its management.


An interesting point here is that the four choices ofprogram partitioning have only two di.erent effects under di.erent bu.er sizes.

we statically determine all the data transfers in terms of the abstract memory locations and insert message passing primitives for them.


An even more important aspect is keeping language features to a minimum and having as little syntax as possible.

liveCodeLab: quick dive-in examples The simplest program a user can write in LiveCodeLab is: box This will create a cube of unit size in the middle of the screen.


3.3 PeerSelectionStrategy Based on the established connection between the congestion game G (see Eq.

ourgoalistoquickly reach an approximate Nash equilibrium from any state by enabling each peer to change its strategies for its requests according to a bounded jump rule (see lines 11 and 14 in Algorithm 1), which will be discussed later in this section.


[26] J. H. Morris, Jr. Protection in programming languages.

because of the function application gj in weigh and weigh ' , we must prove [IntSet, j/y, z]D .


In the Simulcast approach, each user splits its uplink bandwidth equally among allreceiversandstreamstoeachreceiver separately.

consequently,themaximumachievable ratesofSimulcast andMutualcast are all120kbps.Celerity explores all 2-hop delay-bounded trees, and upon convergence utilizes the treesthat only consumebottlenecklinkbandwidth once, achieving ratesthat are closetothe optimal of240kbps.


Threads and the dependences among them are often described as a computation DAG.Eachnodeinthe DAGrepresents a task, which is a thread or portion of a thread that has no internal dependences to/from other nodes.

even for applications with smaller ratios, PDF can be valuable.


On the .ip side, our result can be used to guide designers towards new algorithms where RAW and AWAR can be eliminated.

as mentioned earlier, our result can guide us towards .nding practical cases where we can indeed eliminate RAW and AWAR.


Their work assumes dependent variables can be identi.ed at compile time and requires a set of special registers to track such variables.

the .rst thread may update the value of a variable that acts as a live-in variable 40% 20% 0% Figure 5.


We use proc(e) to denote the process p of an event e = (p, i).

better reduction can be attained if the assignment does not make the transmission of a message dependent with a reception of a different one.


In PLDI 05: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation, pages 117 128, New York, NY, USA, 2005.

w o u l d  i + +  b e i n c l u d e d i n t h e l o o p -b o d y o f t h e e q u i v a l e n t f o r -l o o p ?


Based on the FSM, a user can simulate an Esterel program step by step using the xes graphical simulator.

we can apply control oriented development methodology to the control plane and data oriented development methodology to the data plane, which increases reliability and e.ciency of the system.


Since DBBs can often appear inside loops, they are often repeated many times in a path trace.

now lets consider the time it takes to extract the trace corresponding to a single function from the complete compacted trace.


Keywords Middleware, DRTS, QoS, DDS, fault-tolerance, CBA 1.

oSGi lacks two important aspects that are nuclear in distributed real-time systems [4, 5]: It does not consider any QoS parameter, so the QoS support is almost inexistent.


2.3.1 Pipeline Consider twoblocks connectedin apipeline with representations R1 and R2.

on each execution, a .lter consumes(pops)a .xed number ofitemsfromitsinput channel andproduces(pushes)a .xed number of items to its output channel.


As particularly addressed by Beyond 3G (B3G) networks, the recent evolution of mobile networks introduces the convergence of wireless technologies, where several radio interfaces are to be used concurrently.

we .rst itemize and describe the SDP features that impact upon SDPs adequacies against the di.erent radio networks (§ 3.1) and outline the relevant properties of the radio interfaces (§ 3.2).


Furthermore, it avoids fragmentation in the underlying memory management system.

java, with the real-time extensions as they stand, seems too complex for con.dent use in high-integrity systems.


One might think that these problems could be overcome by modifying the implementation of the class so that it maintains a complete list of thread readers instead of just one thread reader.

consider .rst an object indx of class MutableImmutable-StateIntMultiarray1D.


municate with others in order to coordinate or influence their behavior.

[27] Williamson, O. Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations.


An extensive analysis, performed using TESTEVOL, of the evolution of six real-world systems and their unit test suites over a number of years, versions, and test changes.

providing support for them seems, therefore, to be less of a priority.


Thus, the superstep contains service components from only one processing step.

the lack of mechanism to handle such situations makes the replication-based FT strategy less reliable than the restart one.


One could think that simpler solutions would work.

there, the memory manager tries to assess which objects have long liftimes, and allocate such objects directly in the old generation.


We assume that the actuator (tra.c light unit) and the sensor unit (additional sensing unit -camera) are supplied by the electricity networks.

in 2010 INCOSE International Symposium, July 2010.


The merging can be achieved using the propositional representation of the feature model, as proposed by Czarnecki et al.

such a composition program has to consider subtyping relationships and constraints for a set of SPL instances, which we intend to address in future work.


The authors show that while the mechanisms result in an increased participation of the agents, their contributions are only as high as needed to benefit from the system.

then a six-sided dice is rolled after each round.


Also worth mentioning that the analysis framework was designed to support incremental updating of the model of the program.

this trick, however, cannot be practically used to introduce language elements.


Such distribution must obey the relative-volume proportions specified by the assay.

our approach mostly avoids regeneration s overhead while regeneration can be used as our back-up when our approach cannot avoid fluid running out.


According to Figure 5, there is a potential linear relationship between the mean DOS attackability and the corresponding ACOUC metrics, and there is also an increasing trend between the two variables of interest.

the characteristics of the machines are as follow: -Host computer: Intel ® Pentium 4 Mobile CPU, 2.0 GHz, 522MB Ram, Win 2000.


Therefore, its practical use is limited.

the Journal of Systems and Software, 58:65 81, 2001.


The front-end of the I/O servers (both bulk I/O and metadata) are usually connected to the compute nodes via the same interconnection fabric that is used for message passing between the compute nodes.

table IV shows an overview of each application s corresponding IOR parameters.


BFS documentation provides details about its processor a.nity mechanism [24]; however, it is unclear how these low-level details translate into a high-level policy.

we conclude that CFS is not performing a correct poly-balance.


This concept has been applied in a multitudeofdomains,likeprotein-proteininteractions[2], genetranscriptional regulation[7],food webs[13],brain[21] or electronic circuits[11].

if not, we create a new child (lines10to12) and continue asbefore(line13).


It is a design as a whole that orchestrates how the single parts are unfolded.

the third kind of abstraction is trickier because it abstracts from the actual structure to its effects.


SignatureChangePattern(SCP).We use the SCP heuristic while detecting ChangeMethodSignature refactorings.

to determine the name similarity of e1 and e2, we consider only their simple names (suf.x).


We give participants an inside look at an organization that is transitioning into product-line engineering on a large scale.


CST Actually, because provides a bridge from the theoret- CST ical level of discourse to the observational level, its ST ST 5 language is contained in the union of ST and SO .

in software engineering, S(...) denotes 10.


To address these challenges, ST Electronics (Info-Software Systems) Pte.

the advantage of such an approach, as compared to proactive approach, is low investment and fast results [19].


Array recovery fails when pointers are conditionally updated, see Figure 3(b).

supported in part by NSF grants CCR-0105422, and EIA0072043.


We have modeled the GPCA architecture using AADL and the behavior of the architectural components in Simulink and State.ow.

naturally, it would be highly desirable if the property speci.cation language was consistent throughout the modeling e.ort; this is a tool integration and engineering problem we have not yet addressed.


This makes up for a total boundary length of atleast 2l +2TJJ ~ 2Ma/lu ÷2~v = f(~).


(a) Old instruction format requiring two words [Bru10b].

this is due to the benchmark containing several occurrences of the BUILD SLICE instruction, for which we do not provide reference count operation optimized derivatives.


We now discuss how the TrackSet is monitored and how different versions are maintained for the memory locations in the Track-Set.

we restore corrupted values on demand, when they are accessed.


A benchmark design is modeled with platform independent models in UML.

this allows large numbers of testing scenarios to be accommodated and managed from a high-level model.


Most AORE approaches do not provide tool support for the identification of early aspects from requirements documents what make their practical use costly.

available at: http://www.aosdeurope.net/deliverables/D73EAMinerDistributio n.zip [4] EA-Miner toll system video.


Using the extended Visio should be like using regular MS Visio since its user interface and basic interaction method are familiar to the existing users of MS Visio.

basically this means that the modeling tools are often not used, which leads to unofficial communication and informal ways of doing the work.


Strongest necessary environment conditions We want the set NNof sequences of environment choices characterizing good executions.

1a, but now suppose that the tool extracted the suf.cient condition ret > 10, under-approximating ret > 0.


third, there are some work, not on VDM, but related to AspectVDM.


[0, 1] be a small error bound, I. be a trigger condition and s be the observed trace, then the CSLMon semantics is de.ned by a satisfaction relation FT. as follows: and an unsatisfaction relation FT s[t] FT.s[t] true s[t] FT a if a .

the approach does not present any evaluation of the statistical signi.cance of this ratio.


Next, component owners create system models, similar to that described earlier, but describing only the component s direct dependencies.

the desktop grid option will be extremely important for small-to mid-size communities that lack a resource-rich central authority.


Bit b3 is required to work with b2 in a second instance of the Equality behavioral relationship.

they then showed that such protocols are not modularizable in standard OO languages, but that they are modularizable in some practical languages: e.g., using ABTs to represent behaviond relationships as mediators.


Overall, the comparison between the use of tags in CDEs and in collaborative tagging systems suggest that tags are mainly regarded as an enhancement of the existing categories already available in an environment, so as to accommodate developers perspectives in managing software artifacts.

incorporating social software into distributed agile development environments.


Eliminating rollbacks improves execution time from 6% of the original execution time with two threads to 13% with four threads.

the .rst has a 2GHz 8-core Xeon processor with 3GB of RAM, while the second has a 2.66 GHz 8-core Xeon with 4GB of RAM.Both computers run CentOS Linuxversion 5.3.


4.2 Machine Agent Like the lot agent, a machine agent is also sensitive to trackIn and trackOut events; for example, on a trackIn the machine agent removes the identi.ed lot from its schedule: on trackIn{lot=Lt;mc=Mc} at tm from factoryEvent do deleteScheduleEntry(Lt); It is important to note that many factories are manually controlled at some level.

cONCLUSION StarRules is part of a complete platform that has been used in many large-scale applications.


According to [13], NDN already associates a cryptographic key with each user name and uses that key to sign all data he or she produces.

every NDN router has three major components: Content Store, Pending Interest Table(PIT) and Forwarding Information Base(FIB) as shown in Figure 2.


As seen from Table 4, with such coordination, barrier completion time is reduced by 13%, compared to the uncoordinated case, and we also observe reduced variation across consecutive barrier runs.

even with this simple classi.er, we are able to see substantial bene.ts due to the .exible resource allocation achieved via inTune s mechanisms.


Nevertheless, we plan to conduct a comparative experiment of those tools that work on the Microsoft Windows platform.

these approaches do not adequately handle visualization of large spreadsheets.


For example many people use web-based applications from public places.

metaPad, CPU, memory, Custom connector Adapts to multiple Compute capacity limited to Antelope disk, suspend to I/O peripherals form factors resources on portable.


Or the question about team yellow s contribution to package 2 (pmd) in release 0.1, is it as small as the pie charticon suggests?

our questions concerning this project could be answered.


our analysis transcends the lazy abstraction technique to the point where it itself becomes effective as a shape analysis.


Academics and practitioners alike will have benefit from the tutorial.

one of the forerunners of the CVL was presented as a research paper in SPLC 2008 (Haugen et al.


The modeling language follows the domain abstractions and semantics, allowing developers to perceive themselves as working directly with domain concepts.

workshop focus and topics DSM has been successfully applied in several different domains, including automotive manufacturing [7], digital signal processing [10], mobile devices [2], telecommunication [4, 11], and electrical utilities [4].


Overall, we were able to successfully refactor 50K lines of C/C++ code to Ironclad C++.

the .elds of this object are represented as locations with paths rooted at x1.


what good will that software do if it cannot communicate with the motion drivers steering the plane, and the sensors reading .ight information?


This statement seems paradoxical in light of decades of research into computer systems.

they may warn the end user of an application that he or she has done something unexpected (Figure 4b).


Expert programmers can recognize and remember program chunks more easily compared to novices.

sUMMARY The experiment will allow the researchers to empirically determine the advantages and possibly disadvantages of chunking from the perspective of code-review performance and satisfaction under different programming scenarios.


Overview of current topics: Sutter [8], and Sutter and Larus [9] provide high level motivations for multi-core computing.

while such exercises are likely to receive di.erent answers, they at least allow the students to help apply what they learn in one context to another.


All four projects are impressive in their goals and accomplishments.

here, the checker turns into a sophisticated testing tool able to show incorrectness by .nding bugs, but often unable to show correctness since searches remain incomplete.


In tomcatv benchmark, there are .ve loop nests with the same iteration space size.

moreover, a good balance detailed partition schedule is found so as to e.ciently hide the memory latency.


This we call the indirect sends for that variable.

from that righthand side we do not extract anyinformation, since we remain local.


If PEC used an SMT solver that returned proofs, it could perform a translation from the SMT proofs into Coq s proof language.

veri.ed Compilers Veri.ed compilers are accompanied by a fully checked correctness proof which ensures that the compiler preserves the behavior of programs it compiles.


While some research and case studies exist which discuss how to teach design patterns (e.g.

the objectives and the advantages of the Observer pattern have to be made clearer.


False positives are inevitable in any tool that guarantees soundness.

section 6 of [24] reviews problems with destructors and .nalizers in practice.


We also looked for a trend between selects and correctness or between edits and correctness.

in CSCW 06: Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pages 353 362, 2006.


To mitigate this threat, we have thoroughly tested TESTEVOL with a number of small examples that contained the test changes targeted by our analysis.

ideas from existing research on automated API migration and adaptation (e.g., [5, 6, 9, 12, 18]) could also be fruitfully leveraged for developing repair techniques for tests.


[4] Evans, E. Domain Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software.

they are requirements written by the customer (sometimes with the help of a developer depending on tool support) that can be run and either passed or failed.


ParaDrop: A Multi-tenant Platform to Dynamically Install Third Party Services On Wireless Gateways Dale Willis Department of Computer Arkodeb DasguptaDepartment of Electrical Suman BanerjeeDepartment of Computer Science Engineering Science University of Wisconsin dale@cs.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin arko@engr.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin suman@cs.wisc.edu ABSTRACT The landscape of computing capabilities within the home has seen a recent shift from persistent desktops to mobile platforms, which has led to the use of the cloud as the primary computing platform implemented by developers today.

in Proceedings of the 5th ACM Workshop on Embedded Systems For Energy-E.cient Buildings, BuildSys 13, pages 5:1 5:8, New York, NY, USA, 2013.


As an example, the RO L E BA S E D AC C E S S pattern [10] suggests to create roles that conform to user responsibilities, and assign them an appropriate set of privileges.

security patterns are key instruments to implement security requirements.


Server peers are regarded as the highest stringent peers for the data they disseminates.

network resource usage has been identi.ed as factors in.uencing usability in large-scaled networks.


of International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories (Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, May 25, 2004), MSR 04.

the only difference is that instead of plotting the (TP, FP) pair for different class probabilities we plot it for different values of a.


Archface4COP: Architectural Interface for Context-Oriented Programming Naoyasu UbayashiKyushu University Ai Di Kyushu University Yasutaka Kamei Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan ubayashi@acm.org Fukuoka, Japan templarad@gmail.com Fukuoka, Japan yasutaka.kamei@gmail.com ABSTRACT Context-awareness plays an important role in developing .exible and evolvable applications such as self-* systems (e.g., self-adaptive, self-healing, and self-management systems).

the veri.cation approach in RV4COP is basically the same as the mechanism shown in [17].


Job Pause Service under LAM/MPI+BLCR for Transparent Fault Tolerance.

we construct the numerically optimal erasure correcting codes for two erasures analytically and develop an approximation method to approximate the numerically optimal codes for three or more erasures computationally.


Umax T1 154 25 10 T2 138 28 60 T3 160 24 10 T4 148 26 60 Energy Model S3 S2 S1 S0 E1 1.0 0 0 0 E2 0.75 0 0 0.25f3 m E3 0.5 0 0 0.5f3 m LaEDF, LaEDF-NA, and StaticEDF perform DVS on periodic tasks with known worst-case workload, which is unavailable in our application model.

in practice, the S3, S2, S1, and S0 terms depend on the power management state of the system and its subsystems [11, 13].


The resulting representation is called the scale-space signal, and describes the location of sharp change points in the curve.

the higherdimensional curves also form prototypical descriptions of the individual gene pro.les, serving as a way to index the database using clustering.


Indeed, the border line between the new and existing clusters fall in the middle of their cluster heads.

now, consider that Alice wants to join Bob@int-edu.eu.


ship between system fragments and the concerns they treat advocates the need for a concern-oriented query language.

kai Koskimies Tampere University of Technology Institute of Software Systems P.O.


For example, the way in which I interact with my desk is determined by the way I construe it do I polish it carefully because I see it as something to be looked after or do I put my feet up on it because I see it as a convenient resting point?

note that the bottomleft shadowed slot in Figure 5 can be regarded as a concern that has already been localized: Report[shop] is a sub-task of Manage[shop] , therefore the parent task depends on the realization of its child.


The type in the corresponding factor into the equation (14), were:  u =105 .251 + 259 .54 p + 0 .00432 g  (16) + 0 .0289 pg -0 .73156 p 2 -0 .064 g 2 The use of programmable logic device in accordance with the type (16) the fusion of pressure sensor output to program and then test pressure on the system calibration, the calibration data obtained in Table 2.

first of all, through the pilot detected a range of 20kpa to pressure overload sensors in different conditions, the output signal, see table 1.


These activities may include bookkeeping and documentation including defect tracking, understanding and reproducing the defect, and ensuring the validity of the fix through regression testing.

because of their previous success and simplicity, respectively, we consider the primary competing models to be LN and EXP.


To our surprise, the tool discovered the pipelined code has a bug.

instructions may appear in the delay slots of other branches.


The ISA is e.ciently virtualizable if the set of sensitive instructions is a subset of privileged ones.

we propose a methodology to test automatically whether such a property is satis.ed or not.


(The agreement and validity properties remain the same.)


This is a novel architecture for multi-core embedded system.

growth in the number of cores only causes super-linear growth in non-core area and power in order to meet scalable performance targets.


However, the time overhead of the adversary s checksum code increases linearly with the number of iterations of the checksum loop.

for example, the adversary could detect when the checksum code reads the altered memory locations and redirect the read to other memory locations where the adversary has stored the correct values.


A key point of our study is that environments and stacks rather immediately become contexts of the LSC, through the following decoding: .

generalizing Automath by Means of a Lambda-Typed Lambda Calculus.


The OSR-based technique identi.es potentially important feval calls, and then uses McVM s OSR technology to specialize the feval calls to speci.c direct calls, and to provide correct backup to the general case when the specialized calls do not match the calling context.

because of this problem, we always call the code that matches an fef via a wrapper.6 A wrapper is a short function.


The previous works on this topic show that the single-objective evolutionary approach is suitable for generation of tricky test cases impossible for a human to come up with [6, 7].

iNFORMS Journal on Computing, 21(2):178 192, 2009.


Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).

keywords Web/Internet, Content Distribution, Consistency Management.


The artifact model forms the foundation of the type system of VIL and VTL.

the editor indicates already assigned values as well as missing values.


A cognitive framework for describing and evaluating software exploration tools.

since the LabVIEW editor does not provide automatic layout it su.ers from premature commitment.


getAvailableCapabilities()); if (satisfied) satisfied = capConsAllAgents( rest (al )) ; } return satisfied ; } private static boolean capConsAllRoles (List  rl , List  avCaps) { boolean satisfied ; if (rl.isEmpty()) satisfied = true ; else { satisfied = allElemsInList(first(rl).

the result checker will just give a reliable insurance for correctness if its checking algorithm is formally veri.ed.


Given that the future system load cannot be predicted by the run-time system, we seek an instantaneous might intuitively want to allow the better-behaved program, A, to use more hardware contexts than B since it makes better use of each hardware context.

first, results are provided intended to demonstrate that the overheads imposed by the SCAF runtime and daemon are negligible.


Automatic partitioning of parallel loops and data arrays for distributed shared memory multiprocessors.

one key problem associated with loop based techniques is that they fail to capture the interactions between the different loop nests in the application.


Here, we will illustrate the BookSellerAgent unit test.

recent software engineering methodologies, such as Extreme Programming [2], has emphasized the importance and relevance of unit testing in the development of software systems.


Addresses of unboxed values, .nite regions and region descriptors inside an activation record are statically determined o.sets from the stack pointer.

it turns out that for all the benchmark programs mentioned in Section 4, the weakening of region inference as described here has no visible e.ect on memory usage or execution time.


Due to space limitations, and since the formal details are not necessary for this rather super.cial summary, I neglect the formal description in this paper but only explain the idea on the conceptual level.

iNTRODUCTION Automated programming has always been and still is a controversially discussed dream of software developers.


INTRODUCTION During past decades, the capacity of NAND .ash memory has been increasing dramatically, leading to the use of nonvolatile .ash in the system s memory hierarchy.

[6] P.-H. Hsu, Y.-H. Chang, P.-C. Huang, T.-W. Kuo, and D. H.-C. Du.


This method assures that local highly dynamic sections in the input stream can be stored with over-average precision, while less demanding sections allocate under-average space.

we note a classi.er trained with the training set T as cT .


Assume now the following two situations during run-time: The location service takes 3s.

fickas and Feather s work is descriptive only, e. g. concrete techniques for monitoring assumptions and for linking them with the system to derive adaptation triggers are missing.


As in prior work [13, 17], this matching is loose enough to allow the garbage collector to update concrete pointers as objects move in memory (since the copying collector moves objects).

applications may call AllocObject and AllocVector directly.


This has lead to the development of the XMC model checking system, whose performance is comparable to that of SPIN.

we neither loose nor gain any behaviour and the encoding is faithful.


1.2 Where AspectJ Falls Short Unfortunately the constructs of AspectJ are not su.cient enough to separate all concerns.

xAspects is di.erent than such macro systems because XAspects allows the use of AspectJ s aspect weaver.


A sequence of GT rules is non-suspicious if it satis.es three conditions: (1) it does not contain any con.icting operations; (2) if a rule requires satisfaction of a precondition, the previous rule in the sequence induces the satisfaction of the pre-condition; (3) no rule deletes nodes (this prevents inconsistent states).

every time a LSC is traversed, each message in the LSC triggers the application of the GT rule associated with the message.


Typically there is one aggregate per physical machine.

unbounded: there is no fixed limit on the amount of resource available.


For example, the architecture of the Eclipse Rich Client Platform is focused on system evolution without key architectural changes, via the plug-in framework.

the owner of CIS makes a pro.t based on the number of hits the website gets, and believes that more information resources carried in the system will attract more users.


This will make the Elemental Interconnect Bus (EIB) saturated.

8: Rule: cost (F) = 1 × branch probability (F), where F is a function in the program.


In R. F. Paige and B. Meyer, editors, TOOLS EUROPE 2008, volume 11 of Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, pages 161 177.

a_Factory contains an inner class B which is a subclass of a class A which contains the virtual class T. B is obtained from A by adding a new mixin %{ T::cv }, which binds the value of cv to the virtual class T. if we create an instance of A_Factory.B then it will be a subclass of A such that its T virtual is exactly the value that A_Factory.cv had when that instance was created.


6.2 SQL Operations in CVoltDB CVoltDB does not itself handle schema changes or table loads, but does support VoltDB transactions in the transaction sequence that can do such work, not allowing concurrency with preceding or following CVoltDB transactions.

iEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 36, 2 (June 2013).


Additionally, further aspects have to be considered.

the combination of standard software modules represents the basis for an ef.cient reuse of the application as already explained in Sect.


For points above the diagonal, the computation goes faster than estimated.

a2 is a better schedule than a1 with respect to the mixed policy t = tmx s .


the slice of this program is given by: 1: bool i, s; 3: i = Bernoulli(0.7); 12: if (!i) 13: s = Bernoulli(0.2); 14: else 15: s = Bernoulli(0.95); 20: return s; Example where the usual de.nition of slicing is incorrect.


Our prototype correctly handles procedures with multiple exits, non-returning procedure calls (e.g., ExitProcess), inter-procedure jumps (e.g., to shared error handling code), and the tail-jump optimization; it currently does not support implicit control .ow through exceptions raised by instructions or in callees.

the equivalence relation =P+FP is weaker than =P and =FP.


Recall that structural typing means that two types are the same if they have the same structure.

prior work on integrating structural typing with concrete, non-research languages, includes signatures, a C++ language extension which combines structural typing with the existing nominative features of the languages [6, 7], safe structural types for JAVA [20] and the work of B¨ uchi and Weck on Compound Types [11].


Finally, a fraction of the new child orderings are mutated, or altered in some random way.

alternatively, the .rst ascent (FA) approach to hill climbing immediately chooses a test ordering that o.ers an improvement in CE over the current test suite.


In the device side, .ash memory chips are controlled by the memory technology device layer that provides primitive functions such as read, write, and erase to the Flash Translation Layer.

this work is motivated by the needs to enhance the performance of garbage collection in low-cost .ash storage devices with the support of crash recovery.


For the various concepts in dependability, we choose availability as a demonstration.


Otherwise, the coverage metrics become hard to interpret, and tool users may waste time and effort try- ing to satisfy infeasible testing requirements.

parameterized object sensitivity for points-to and side-effect analyses for Java.


This is because it may change the .ow of the proof.

hence, we also introduce the concept of correction candidates, which are used to reduce the number of spurious modi.cations semi-automatically.


We observe that retentive stealing can be applied to recursive parallel programs by building on the replay algorithms presented earlier.

in each working phase, the computation begins with a single continuation step and involves the execution of all steps reached from the initial step minus the continuations that were stolen.


However, SFTL scheme needs to read two OOBs (2 × T _rdoob) to obtain the requested mapping table.

a page contains the data area and the spare area known as Out Of Band (OOB) area.


ACM Transac-tions on Programming Languages and Systems, 15(5):745-770, 1993.

the LLL, LWrite, LRead, LSC, and LVL operations are respec- tively linearized to the points at which statements 1, 6, 10, 11, and 12 are executed.


Figure 1: Firings/returns and space units for v-topdown, v-bottomup, s-topdown, and s-bottomup for the running example.

they cannot infer fewer either, since the added hypotheses are de.ned by rules whose hypothesis subsume existing hypotheses, therefore they cannot be false while all other hypotheses are true.


The complete system slows down execution of SPEC JVM98 by 4.5x on a 4-way machine.

our initial system con.guration forks threads on every method invocation and so child thread lengths are usually quite short.


itdoes meanthattherearenobugstowhichany users attachvalue for .xing.

users may express preferencesbyofferingrewardsfor particularkindsofjobs; we will expand on this below.


Second, the remaining overhead is from QEMU s reading guest virtual memory inef.ciently (when requested by the OS enforcer; see §4).

the Timely Computing Base: Timely actions in the presence of uncertain timeliness.


Section 4 concludes the paper and presents directions for future work.

in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA 2004), Boston, Massachusetts, USA, July 2004.


The full source code for the PALE tool, the examples, and a detailed description of the desugaring and code gen- eration to MONA are available from the PALE site at http ://www.

iEEE Transactions on Comput- ers, C-35(8):677-691, Aug 1986.


MM 13, October 21 25, 2013, Barcelona, Spain.

this refers the understanding of the situation covered by the Virtual Director, i.e.


An earlier version of the tool has been distributed as part of the VRESCo project [10] and is available online3 .

as IaaS infrastructure, we used a private cloud implemented using Eucalyptus.


Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.4 [Software]: Processors Code generation, Compilers, Optimization  General Terms Algorithm, Design, Experimentation, Performance  Keywords Stack data, local memory, scratchpad memory, SPM, embedded systems, multi-core processor 1.

as shown in Figure 4, a set of cuts have been added on arti.cial edges in advance.


The discussion concerns both the modeling language underlying the approach and the steps taken in the approach.

first results of the study of these so-called multi-methods can be found in [39].


Technical material, as well as the implementation of an explicitly typed language based on a fully re.exive variant of .L can be found at: http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~dimitriv/itaname/ 1.2 Contributions of this work This paper makes the following contributions: We de.ne a language that allows the de.nition of both Kinds .

to ensure that it is safe to apply the branch to the subcomponents of the type argument, the rule for typecase requires that the second label set in the type of the map be at least as big as the .rst label set.


The essence of reconstructing each term is simple: it is the current continuation at that point of evaluation.

the tree structure can be reconstructed with additional bookkeeping.


Concrete possibilities include but are not limited to: Type Specialization: Operators in dynamic languages can often be applied to a wide variety of operand types.

long-running computations in R (and technical computing applications in other languages) offer the possibility of extensive run-time analysis and optimization without concern for interactive performance.


to RQ4: There is no statistically signi.cant relationship between any particular type of changes in the clones, and their removal from a later release.

from our genealogy based study, we did not .nd evidence to support this conjecture.


In this context, AGOhg-live+ is a completely automatic algorithm that is able to outperform existing approaches.


3.7 Assignment 6: Portlet Design This was a completely new assignment for Spring 2007 in keeping with introducing a higher-level interface to students.

we still include the assignment to contrast job submission from a command line interface against a portal interface as well as to give students a perspective of what the portal is doing for them under the surface.


3.1.3 Analysis Module The analysis module inputs the arrays produced by the monitors and the change information and outputs dynamic impact sets.

consider program P , whose call graph1 is shown in Figure 1, and an execution of P , whose trace t is shown in Figure 2.


Afterwards, the raw data can be post-processed to calculate all the features which are implemented by the framework.

the main contributions of this paper are: Introduction of a framework for distributed activity recognition, which allows sensor acquisition, feature processing and classi.cation within the network and without a centralized control.


By nondeferred , we mean any RC technique that has three invariants: (1) all live data have positive reference counts; (2) the reference count is zero when the last reference disappears; and (3) a zero reference count implies dead data.

to a compiler phase that only manipulates values, such as copy propagation, the superscript will be opaque, but not the parenthetical argument.


Mixing time-scales reduces the range of simulation times that can be represented in the coarser time-scale, because it must be transformed to the finer time-scale.

because of the structure of SSF, virtually all of the timestamp arithmetic and com- parisons that would be done in a parallel run are also being done in these serial runs.


(1) Supervisory server for maintaining alive information DB has to be Internet reachable and always waiting for keepalive packets from all client nodes.

the basic con.guration of the proposed system is shown in Fig.1.


MOTIVATION Premature optimization is the root of all evil C.A.R.

the refactoring is applicable when the types of visited objects and visitors are known statically.


The business metamodel (here: Content Management) elements are the direct metaelements of the elements in the application models and they are in turn instances of the technical metamodels (here: Web applications), influenced by their respective structures.

sData is used with the security mechanism and is explained in section 4.3.


Figure 5(a) shows that vmrncESP is around ~wme as slow as vmmcOmg fbr 4 byte messages and 38 % slower for 4 Kbyte messages.

princeton, edu ABSTRACT This paper presents the design and implementation of Event- driven State-machines Programming (ESP)--a language for programmable devices.


Additionally, in the lower left corner the overview image presents another context for visited web pages stored in browser cache, which was explored by our previous work in [3].

hence, to capture all meaningful information available from the name of the .le itself and the folders in the .le path, these are extended with holonyms, hypernyms, meronyms, hyponyms and synonyms provided by WordNet (JWNL API5), a lexical reference system for English language, thus enriching the .le s context.


Block level replication is used because disk virtualization operates at that level.

since the completed pending transactions were returned by MPM1 to MPM2 in parallel to live migration, most of the pending transactions were returned to MPM2 by the time G2 resumed.


Since rematch always calls itself recursively on the immediate subproblem and all results are memoized, we only need to ensure that backtracking with respect to the largest problem, i.e., backtracking at position i,where i is the length of the pattern, is done in linear time.

partial evaluation then takes quadratic time, because the overall workload has not been reduced only moved.


The apple.com, tumblr.com, and cnn.com sites use three static with in the same pattern, and we found that the with statements are all from the script.aculo.us library.

to simplify the discussion of the with rewritability in Section 4.3, we separate the Global pattern Figure 4: Number of with statements in each usage pattern in the LOADING data set   Figure 5: Number of with statements in each usage pattern in the INTERACTION data set from the Generator pattern: even though we cannot rewrite with statements including arbitrary dynamic code generating functions to other statements in general, we can rewrite with in the Global pattern as a special case as described in Section 4.3.


What factors do offshore software outsourcing vendors need to address in order to have a positive impact on software outsourcing clients?

offshore software outsourcing is dramatically changing the business economics in the overall outsourcing industry due to the availability of skilled human resource and provision of high quality software at low cost [2].


A second potential source of subjectivity is determining whether an error message accurately describes one of the real type-checking problems.

the changer would deem the suggested change too large and enter triage mode to .nd a more speci.c error in this portion of the program.


A modular design guarantees .exibility and easy extensibility.

the goal is to verify the medical bene.ts of this solution.


This approach promotes using architectural models of the running application to recon.gure it, thus supporting introspection ability of the re.ective application and reducing the complexity of the application development [2].

reliable dynamic recon.gurations in the fractal component model.


Einstein replied, I have sensations of a kinesthetic or muscular type.

this is perhaps the graphical equivalent of saying if you keep dividing by 2 you will approach 0 no matter what number you start at.


Let us denote the paths in the collection by Q1,...,Q£-1,R1,R2, where v1 is the endpoint of R1 and v2 is the endpoint of R2.

b1 is also at the intersection of Q1 with some solid path P1, that must be a di.erent path than P ' (since b1 is not the blue star).


The truthfulness of assertions made by the user to the oracle are taken for granted by the current system.

most research on deadline analysis assumes that WCET analysis has already been successfully completed, and most published papers on WCET analysis do not consider the needs of deadline analysis.


Hence, the working memory of an expert has less active goals which means experts are free to use their memory to run computations [9].

who(jobs ,Old, New, person(X,Y,Z,Old), person(X,Y,Z,New)).


The function lookupDecoratedName takes a class name C and a classbox name a and returns a .F-label that denotes a valid decorated class name Cß, if such a name exists in the classbox a.

cLASSBOXES IN A NUTSHELL In order to address some of the problems of object-oriented programming languages with regard to incrementally changing the behaviour of existing classes, Bergel et al.


We use the term client here to denote an unused IP address.

the deployment of honeypots requires both administrative expertise and dedicated resources that many organizations cannot a.ord.


As soon as it finishes one graph it proceeds to the next buffered graph.

this approach has the advan- tage that it avoids complicating the processor core by al- most entirely decoupling speculative thread execution from main thread execution.


Once again the motivation behind the application and combination of these two concepts were driven by having a need for variability management (40%); in addition, they were motivated by having a need to achieve reusability, and to support dynamic product line adaptation.

to determine which concept is being used as the core methodology and/or the concept that is being improved by applying one to another.


Much of the research was on using checkpoints to minimize the re-execution cost when failures happen during long jobs.

delay scheduling: A simple technique for achieving locality and fairness in cluster scheduling.


PA-PIEx works in the multiplexing mode allowing us to collect a large number of counters in one run.

5 Experimental results In this section we evaluate our proposed technique in a number of ways.


Third, all three reduction steps need to be applied in order to generate a small set of tests.

a random Poisson process is also used to compute the failure sequence and determine which nodes stop executing the application and at what time.


In the future, we plan to demonstrate that our technique can be used for specification and verification at a larger scale, since in this paper we only illustrated and verified our technique with simple Java I/O library classes and a primitive data structure class.

model states must be accompanied by a represents clause that defines whether the object is in that state in terms of concrete Java fields.


An interaction effect of Spacing and Group (F (4, 74) = 3.15, p < 0.05) on actual task completion time.

the predicted variance in task completion times for motor Effect Size Comparison in Multivariate Test impaired users was smaller than the actual variance.


[31] Larsson, N.J., and Sadakane, K. Faster Suffix Sorting.

some of these clone patterns could be quite significant and cover a considerable part of some files.


An Empirical Study Evaluating Depth of Inheritance on the Maintainability of Object-Oriented Software, Empirical Softw.

on Product-focused Software Process Improvement, LNCS 3009, Springer-Verlag, pp.


There are no static or global variables shared by different invocations of procedures.

= a1ß1 ··· an-1ßn-1an (this is a pre.x of a1ß1 ··· anßn).


This shows that the association relationship is important in class diagrams.

for getters and setters, 19% of the respondents suggested that these operations should be excluded.


THE NEGOTIATION PROTOCOL We recall from [11] that the bilateral negotiation scheme between agents enables reaching an agreement, which will improve the overall network performance.

figures 2(a) and 2(b) demonstrate the clutter5 and terrain of the circular and snake shaped scenarios, respectively.


Stepped (t ,restoreAction) -> do let ts = replaceWithPos m t ts checkRes <-checkThreads ts n True [1..length ts ] restoreAction case checkRes of Just path -> return (Just (threadId:path)) Nothing -> checkThreads ts n1 False ms This search for deadlocks already .nds nearby deadlocks during debugging.

validating an implementation is in many cases restricted to testing.


For example, the approach in [20] assumes that the most costly nest in the program will be optimized by either pure loop or pure data transformations, but not both.

in two other codes (ocs and aps), however, over- heads caused by tiling degraded the performance of the v7 version, motivating the research in better integrating lin- ear loop/data transformations with tiling.


We use soft real-time scheduling to meet 35 30 power (watt) the performance and CPU requirements of multimedia tasks.

our experimental results, based on the real implementation and measurements, show that although PDVS uses a heuristic solution for the NP-hard energy optimization problem, PDVS provides signi.cant bene.ts for both energy saving and performance support with acceptable overhead.


Paravirtualized VMs (e.g., Xen [5]) present a modified hardware interface which is optimized to reduce the overhead of virtualization, but they require the guests OSs to be modified too in order to accommodate these changes.

for the application developers and users, the proposed system will enable them to conveniently deploy their applications on large numbers of existing resources and conduct massively parallel computing.


Check n Crash: Combining Static Checking and Testing.

(This second sort of use of the [Call] rule is what would have triggered the derivation shown in section 4.4.)


Solution 2 provides more advanced support for media design than solution 1 but a less strict separation between generated and manually written content.

generating skeletons to be manually completed is challenging in practice.


The new coordinator requires a response to the propose message from a ma jority of replicas.

in this section we describe two tests that take the system through a long sequence of random failures and verify that it behaves as expected.


The same GDP can generate code for different languages and APIs and it is often adapted before code generation.

master's Thesis, University of Waterloo, Canada, 1999.


Because these models are supposed to be re.nements of the architecture models used here by adding behavioral speci.cations (e.g.

it does not prevent that an optional feature may be deactivated by certain constraints.


To support the dynamic product lines development, an architecture-based runtime reconfiguration framework, which manages dynamic reconfiguration targeted towards embedded environments, is suggested.

a target product can be produced from the product line by using the runtime (re)configuration.


Scalable SMT-based veri.cation of GPU kernel functions.

signi.cant advances must occur in veri.cation methods for HPC.


the relative ¯ Xi uncertainty for each channel is the same), then ¯ * Xi ai B = LB.

at the same time, less spaceisleftin theinventoryfor carrying content that could satisfy demand for other channels.


In general this suggests that the computational power required in glue logic is, in a reasonable proportion of cases, likely to be less than Turing-powerful.16 Future work will no doubt increase the space of synthesisable adaptation logic.

adoption by practitioners lags far behind the state of the art.


However, our experience with the case studies showed that we identified symptoms for all of the documented design shifts and even some undocumented ones.

table 4 provides an overview of the changes for each of the three  Table 4: The transitions between versions the case studies.


more empirical research with a larger sample of programs of different types is required to confirm these results and to understand why failures are distributed as they are.


3.1 Experimental Results The clusters created by the clustering algorithm are used to create new migration topologies.

as a result, the research and practice on developing Internet-based parallel and distributed GAs have attracted a great deal of attention recently, with most attention focused on client/server architectures (e.g.


The term can be used for anything from a high-level aspiration to an implementation.

generally, there is no simple relationship between the gains of a virus writer and the losses incurred by those who are attacked.


calling a point s moveBy method during the execution of a line s moveBy method does not result in a duplicate noti.cation because of the employment of the !cflowbelow(move()) pointcut.


In The 31st IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Tampa, FL, USA, Nov. 2006.

hardware design of modular robotic system.


More than one role can be played by one person, and more than one person might combine to play a role.

convincing programmers can sometimes be problematic.


For instance, consider the example of an electronic invoice whereupon each invoice contains a number of invoice line items.

for a more detailed example illustrating the Core Component concepts in detail, we may refer the reader to [19].


This interleaving of model-related and view-related code violates the principle of separation of concerns, and hinders maintainability and readability.

indeed, the branches of the if statement have a different view type.


Available PackageConfigu-rations can be retrieved by name or by UUID at any time.

every component conforms to a specific inter-face described by Component Interface Descriptors, which are identified by their UUIDs and specify the operations that can be performed on the component, along with their input/output pa-rameters and return type.


By default this threshold is 1500 in the client modeand 10000inthe server mode.Amethod needstoget over the threshold to get all bene.ts of dynamic compilation.

this information is inaccurate since it does not detect what happens in-between the sample points.


A software-related cause or control described the behavior or design of FCSW (flight computer software), the FC (flight computer), a specific CSCI (computer software configuration items), or used the word software.

the goal of our case study was to implement a software safety measurement program on a large, safety-critical system of systems: the NASA Constellation program.1 As NASA s next generation spaceflight program, Constellation consists of rocket propulsion, a crew module, operations, and many more systems.


The Vesta approach to software con.guration management.

nix components cannot obtain undeclared references to other components in the store, since that would require guessing a 128-bit hash code1.they can use components stored outside the store.


We are currently working on de.ning a JTL sub-language, restricting the use of quanti.ers, which assures decidability of concept containment.

our test machine had a single 3GHz Pentium 4 processor with 3GB of RAM, running Windows XP.


Tokens and artefacts assembled together construct a rule: the tokens are the syntactic connectors of the artefacts.


Achieving an end-to-end QoS is often di.cult, as without resource reservation any guarantees on QoS are often hard to satisfy.

the structure of the paper is as follows: Section 2 shows existingproposalsfor theprovision of networkQoSinGrid systems.


The edge and the core machines are connected via a dedicated 1Gbps link; the total aggregate network throughput did not exceed 1Gbps, and our experiments are not bound by our ExperimenTor con.guration s bandwidth or CPU resources.

the universal rate limit should be chosen to degrade the performance of high bandwidth users, and consequently provide incentives for them to operate their own relays.


The course of the graph depends on the behaviour and the characteristics of the streaming topology.

both approaches, our novel LKH-based as well as the simple pairwise key-based approach, have the same e.ort in establishing secure channels.


Managing Software Requirements: A Unified Approach.

this provides interesting new opportunities for organizations interested in studying the emerging field of socio-technical congruence [6,3].


In Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, 2012.

if one considers the constraints within a path condition to be represented as a constraint graph (V, E) where the vertices V are the symbolic variables and the edges E indicate whether two variables are part of the same constraint, then slicing can be de.ned as a graph reachability problem: 1.


This paper discusses a novel debug-time assertion, called a Statistical Assertion , that allows a user to reason about large data structures, and the primitives are parallelised to provide an efficient solution.

a drift of this quantity may signal programming errors.


3.1.1 Icon Item Testing To test an icon item we exploits techniques of images comparison between Truecolor images.

many techniques already used for developing and testing the GUI of traditional software applications may be introduced to support the execution of the Model-based development process of EVIC components too.


Four lessons learned from managing WWW digital libraries.

software -Practice and Experience, 15(7):637 654, 1985.


The failure tolerance function received one data movement from the reliability prediction function (1 Entry).

it is challenging to take them into account in software estimation and software benchmarking: NFR have received less attention in the software engineering literature and are definitely less well understood than other cost factors [3].


Components and Contracts We list some of the main features of contracts in the context of component-based development and deployment.

contracts, in the intended application domain, involve a deontic perspective, speaking about obligations, permissions and prohibitions, and also contain clauses on what is to happen in case the contract is not respected.


In RTSJ, the .ring of an asynchronous event can be triggered by the occurrence of an interrupt.

the absence of support for immortal and scoped memory, means that the RTSJ real-time threads are restricted.


As Logging is a .exible feature denoted by the dashed line surrounding its change objects in Figure 2 not all its changes need to be included in a composition to make it valid.

from left to right, the features Restore, Logging and Stats are implemented.


One of the dif.culties that we faced in performing a direct quantitative comparison against MicroHash was that it had been implemented on a custom node (the RISE platform [13]) which has signi.cantly greater memory than available on the Motes that we use.

the reduction in the stream compaction cost is considerably greater.


This approach is unsatisfactory for a number of reasons: It raises barriers between designers, developers and users, as always one group is forced to discuss a document written in another group s language .

documentation is recorded communication; and communication is what allows people to work together, creating something that one single person could not possibly achieve.


CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK AdaGOOP allows a programmer to quickly create a parser that generates an object-oriented parse tree.

0 or 1 X X|Y Either X or Y X* Literally X* (ignore operators) {MACRO} Replace with macrodefn () Precedence Table 1.


(i) is the number of the children of the emitted Switchoi(L)node that are Leaf (a k)leaves.


in pmd demonstrates the effectiveness of bitmap scanning.

choosing scanning method depending on local density of live objects in heap.


The compiler then invokes nvcc to compile the cu .le to a cubin .le (object code for the GPU).

we must raise an error at runtime if the code is not suitable.


Finally, the constructor de.ned in the lines 23 28 may explicitly call all other 3 constructors: base() calls BaseCollaboration.Base, tsuper would call Super.Role.Role() and super would call Collabora-tion.SuperRole.SuperRole().

the performance and scalability problems we experienced are due to the operation that is classi.ed by Benavides et.


Multi-resolution simulation schemes, when used in the context of distributed interactive simulation [13], provide multiple implementations for each object, with varying degrees of resolution and simulation cost.

evaluating this approach is future work.


This unversioning of a method when viewed re.ectively allows the semantics of Method to be unchanged.

if the method has a version id of v spec app then insert TLS barriers suitable for a spec type thread.


(It is important to note that middleware development is undertaken within the Computing Laboratory at Oxford; the middleware s users are application developers based at other institutions; the application developers users are end-users.)

gIMI: Generic infrastructure for medical informatics.


Similarly, the acquire or release of a lock by one thread is dependent on the acquire or release of the same lock by another thread.

moreover, ATOMFUZZER tries to bias the random thread scheduler so that real atomicity violations get created.


Figure 1 The system structure of informationalized management and service platform of real estate construction projects in Shanghai 3.1 The hierarchy of online service On the basis of core applications such as content management, website management, synchronized information renewal, information sharing, the hierarchy of online service provides: a. the common service functions such as online help, approval affair introduction, search engine, instant government affair issue, etc., b. some individualized service functions, e.g.

european Conference on e-Government, 2001:233-245 [6] Tambouris E, Spanos E.P1atform and Network Architecture Functional Specifications.


Moreover, these systems are constantlyevolving by virtue of changes in the hardware and software platform, and due to changes in requirements.

[1] state, the full value of MDA is only achieved when the modeling concepts map directly to domain concepts rather than computer technology concepts.


[14] use locality groups to restructure computations for a variety of applications but require hand-coded optimizations.

the potential of computation regrouping for improving locality.


The Moles framework allows the test code to provide alternative implementations for non-abstract methods of any .NETtype.

when the developers like a generated unit test, they can click on the Promote button to turn it into a manually written unit test .


For each method, our weaver .rst accumulates all pieces of around advice applicable to any join point shadows within the method.

our mechanism should check all join point shadows in a method at once, in order to detect inconsistency between shadows.


For example, the sequence annotation ( ; ) can be added to the appropriate AND goal decomposition to indicate that the subgoals are to be achieved in sequence from left to right.

annotations that apply to OR decompositions are usually more solution-oriented and indicate how (e.g., in parallel to save time or in sequence to conserve resources) the alternatives are to be executed.


With the RR policy, the next block of the last-cleaned block with any invalid pages will be selected.

although these garbage collection policies are e.cient on space reclamation, there is still a large room to improve their performance.


Figure 3 shows an extract of the corresponding metamodel.

we developed a Eclipse1 plug-in based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework2 to support viewing end editing the models introduced above.


First-class iterator objects in JMatch are somewhat slower because iterator state is checkpointed, as discussed in Section 6.4, and because iterator code can no longer be inlined.

for example, the simple list iterator of Section 3.4 can be written even more compactly as a logical formula, ignoring for now the issue of imperative update: boolean contains(Object o) iterates(o) ( head == o|| tail != null && tail.contains(o) ) When this formula is treated as an iterator, the disjunction operator || de.nes different ways to satisfy the condition that o is contained in the list.


The synchronization described by loopEvt chooses between servicing another request and completing the synchronization by returning the .nal value of the variable.

tE Haskell has two types that denote latent computations.


Here, the site administrator is trusted to specify such policies on data.


Solution Overview: Our proposed solution is centered around two ideas, which translate into two consecutive stages.

it focuses on those con.icts between the city" attributes on both sides.


3.2 Optimizations Algorithm 2 entails easy implementation.

an example we have encountered is LR parsers such as those generated by yacc.Our technique fails to construct meaningful mappings between two executions with highly similar inputs, even with semantic-augmented indexing.


Encountered examples comprise TODO statements or tables with unresolved questions.

49 groups with cardinality above 10 were detected.


Since these instructions are reversible, the program can be run backwards.

combine the generated sets of reverse instructions in a way to make those sets complete in the opposite completion order of the instructions in T  Given a program T as an input, the reverse code generation (RCG) algorithm presented in this paper generates an instruction-level reverse program T ' for T by performing the three steps mentioned.


Yet a violation of the discipline is not always a bug and does not necessarily lead to a data race.

if these restrictions are not applied, real races can be missed.


Discussion process also involved students from areas not directly related to computers science.

this approach has benefits and limitations.


Then it appears suf.cient to you to simply point out the issue.

when questioning each paragraph, you get good recommendations on which parts can be left out to make the paper shorter and thus easier to read.


be complete, as we do not intend to remodel all targets and all their dependencies (including, e.g., all single C .les of the project).

afterwards, the source code needs to be compiled, and be linked or packaged, before it can be deployed on the destination system.


.decomposition: t = E[r] (t, s).S (t " ,s " )i.

we are concerned with the operational behavior of its speci.cation as opposed to the equational theory it enables, which is already aptly covered by call by name.


Scaling regression testing to large software systems.

there are several cases, under each of the models, in which prioritization heuristics appear to improve the costeffectiveness of regression testing, but the improvements are greater in the cases in which testing has been halted halfway through, where selective retesting has occurred.


5.2 Performance evaluation model Assuming a perfect data level parallelism with complete isolation and perfect load balancing among the Packet Processing modules, the cumulative processing performance of the system is Psys = Nmod * Pmod (1) where Nmod isthenumberofparallel Packet Processing modules in the system, and Pmod is the throughput performance of each Packet Processing module.

this results in poor load balancing performance [18] and further impacts the overall performance.


As mentioned in [19, 14], it is possible to extend the algorithm to the l2norm, by embedding l2space into l1space, and then l1space into Hamming space.

locally lifting the curse of dimensionality for nearest neighbor search.


In worst-case, the memory consumption increases linearly by the number of nodes.

kernel-based approaches for Linux, which are similar to a.nity-on-next-touch, are introduced by Goglin et al.


In KeY, a way of specifying a loop is annotating it with the following three items.


First, protocols such as TCP/IP or even UDP/IP are too resource demanding to be applicable in WSNs.

even if using MDSD techniques, debugging is an important task.


An example case of executing four applications simultaneously using the four servers with an aggregate cache capacity of 2 GB (512 MB on each server).

if there is a requirement to enforce one applications cache allocation to a particular server, we could just allocate the cache size determined by the .rst step of our algorithm on that server and our algorithm ensures that thespeci.edI/O latencyrequirement is guaranteed and the overall I/O latency is minimized with that allocation.


Other approaches to distributed AOP include dynamic deployment of aspects [33], DADO [40], JAC [26], DyRes [35], and Re.exD [34].

all measurements are collected with small workload size.


show how many fewer relationships of a certain kind are found with respect to the interprocedural randomized algorithm.

here nj refers to the number of join points and nc refers to the number of procedure calls along any path analyzed by the random interpreter.


Despite the simplicity of the rule set language, many .rewalls have signi.cant con.guration errors.

fOUR TESTS REVISITED This section presents Blowtorch implementations of the four tests described in Section 2.


A secure/con.ict check should be implemented for GM (n) after an update of GM such as: (1) when a user is added to an existing group; (2) when a privilege is added to an existing role or an arc is add to LRP ; (3) when a new group or a new role is created; (4) when an arc is inserted in LU R ; and (5) a new con.ict constraint is added.


[16] HENSGEN,D.,FINKEL,R., AND MANBER,U.Two algorithms for barrier synchronization.

recently developed real-time Java VMs, e.g.


Good compilers have a lot of bullets in their gun; each particular bullet may only be really effective on a few targets, but few programs evade all the bullets.

this apparently-simple re.nement complicates (H6): we only want to specialise f for the nested call pattern if f not only case-analyses x,but also case-analyses the argument of the Just.


Despite the tight coupling to numbers, we see declaration .les use enums to describe .nite enumerations of string values.

this has consequences for users of the declaration .le: First, editors that provide code completion (also called autocompletion) will suggest that an expression like d3.scale.th is completed to d3.scale.theshold(), which will pass the static type check, but fail at runtime.


in Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.

the more the frequency and amount of network communication.


For example, the non-copying old generation can bene.t from object co-allocation, which improves locality.

in this case, we partition the graph by clustering the nodes of nonproli.c types connected to each other by NP-edges.


For example in a reliability model [3], the Markov model may also be altered when the architecture is slightly modi.ed as new states may be added during the alternation.

[6] T. Han, J.-P. Katoen, and A. Mereacre.


As it would take too long to execute all simulations in a desktop computer, we used the OurGrid itself to access hundreds of machines in different administrative domains and run the simulations much quicker.

in particular, the consumer cannot trust the powerp (t,t) informed by the provider of P. it is unlikely that such a perfect accounting scheme can be built, unless some restrictions are imposed.


Speci.cally, we make the following contributions:  We provide semi-automated support to identify interfacelevel mismatches and identify the input for mapping functions that resolve those mismatches.

we believe that is an acceptable overhead to achieve higher precision.


4.3 Function composition Inthis section, we evaluatefunction composition operationsforthe differentfunction types.None ofthe usedlibrariesprovides afunction composition operation, therefore we have to implement it for all approaches.

it compares the function concept and the major function datatypesby empirically evaluating theirperformance, expressivity, and convenience(see table 1).


all nodes of X are used before all nodes of Y .It could be checked that those two operations are associated; and parallel merge .

cP-Miner [18] uses frequent subsequence mining to detect clone-related bugs.


[11] provideamorerecentillustrativeexamplebased on ananalysis of the Chromium browser.

unlike faulttrees, ourapproach toobstaclemodellingisclosely tied to other artifacts such as previous knowledge about attacks and information about the attackers that might carry these out.


In Computer Design and Applications (ICCDA), 2010 International Conference on, volume 1, pages V1 94 V1 99, June 2010.

the control mechanism was always able to converge to an allocation decision within a reasonable number of trials, although SLAs were violated in some of the cases.


Here, nodes(i,t) denotes the number of computing nodes ACM 978-1-60558-888-9/10/07.

2.2 Dynamic Pricing Recently, Amazon started o.ering spot market pricing, where customersbid thepricethey want onunusedAmazon EC2 capacity, and the price tag re.ects the current supply and demand.


This is not to say that the toolkit is not providing the functionality it proposes.

the purpose of the mutation operator is to introduce genetic diversity into the population[3].


Under these conditions, maximizing f(Z) n could be represented as a search problem in which the solution space is represented by the vector Z, under two constraints: .rst, their total budget should not 1 exceed the total, i.e., zi = k × b, and, second, it should be zi.Z feasible to .nd a schedule in which those n jobs can be run on k CPUs/cores within b minutes.

this simple strategy may not yield optimal results.


This operation only involves a metadata query, so the resulting .les themselves do not have to be transfered to the coordinating node.

galileo also monitors trends in query parameters to determine features that are often speci.ed together, and may be related.


The questions were free response answers, but there were explicitly correct answers for each problem.

first, we created a mock site of our UML diagrams (Figure 2).


Intuitively, an error state is the manifestation of a fault.

research infault propagation has been done for software security [6, 13].


In our simulation, the ratio of standard deviation over average value is always less than 0.14.

the cost of histogram collection is no longer dominant as the di.erence with the cost of raw data transfer is alleviated.


Inspiteof themany advantagesof theIndemicsplatform, the use of this tool was not as widespread in our research group as expected.

the area of integrated simulations for gaming, navigation, incident management, transportation systems and so on that require the capabilityto support multiple userinteractionsbased on a number ofdynamicparameters,haspickedupwide interest inthecommunity.


The formula for computing n and the number of bytes before the .rst item bi is: (bytes per .exipage - bytes per header) * 8 n = 1 + (bytes per item * 8) I l bytes per header + .

finally, during GC, any thread that may use or modify any items in any regions being collected must be stopped for the duration of the GC.


For these systems, optimizing the power consumption is important to increase the system s lifetime.

an example for this case is ACPI that provides an interface for energy management accessible in different operating systems.


For specific applications we have to refine these standards.

the MediaSourceDecomposition element allows describing several sources in a multimedia segment.


In fact, a foot precision can be achieved by using only 27 bits.

this is important because during the next time slot, if the new leader comes across another external node, it should be able to pass information about all the external nodes this group has witnessed so far.


Since, at least tail recursion is equivalent to looping and more general recursion is usually not applicable in realtime programs, this loop bounds analysis is su.cient for the vast ma jority of realtime programs.

lp solve (mixed integer linear program solver) ftp site.


PBJ functions like gnutella in that it creates a network of connected user nodes.

the main job of the gateway is to add nodes to the network.


In order to evaluate the component candidates we created a twelve column dataset, for each of the component candidates.

the minimization of external dependencies of the candidate components is expected to reduce its adaptation cost.


The two parts of the ICW (the SSCWs and SPWs) are complimentary.

pAIRING UP THE SSCW AND SPW our ICW is made up of: 1.


If the body terminates, the whole construct terminates.

sugarCubes programs limit their scope to the expression of scheduling and control of activities.


Figure 2: The .gures show the results of three different topology control algorithms being performed on the original topology (upper left): the XTC algorithm (upper right), the LISE algorithm (lower left), and .nally the API algorithm (lower right).

the only way to guarantee low interference is to de.ne how to measure it and design an algorithm that explicitly reduces interference.


This work proposes a fundamentally new approach to global register allocation for irregular architectures.

solution of vxi is si = imin (vc) where si is the index of the boolean variable in vx whose value is set to one and relates to a register assignment.


ef.cient handling of materials was not considered, and only simple materials were used in the tests.


Each component can define which services are required in order to provide certain services.

the service implementation within the recipe particle component has to adapt its implementation towards the user preferences.


The concept of architecture often has fuzzy boundaries.

3) Lifecycle: When in the lifecycle should we focus on architecture?


In fact, the groups we created were essentially orthogonal to the official segments.

these observations suggest that the segmentation tool had very low reliability.


This rule adopts the same idea as the prior work on Simplex.

note that the estimation error s F (t)-sF (t) is independent of the inputs generated by the HPC, since these inputs are canceled when considering the error dynamics of x (t)-x(t)based on equations (2) and (9).


In Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pages 280 289, July 2002.

if a method is strongly non-commutative, then it is always the case that there exists another method with which it does not commute (by de.nition).


We hope, that this paper enables others to implement comment-preserving refactoring tools for more languages and IDEs.

we especially did not want to to break the parsing process when having an unexpected comment node somewhere.


This transition is being carried out largely organically, through the choices of individual software managers, rather than being dictated from upper management.

all potential respondents were software managers at our partner company and were located in the United States.


H |= S : HI  2.2 Canonical Decomposition In this section, we describe how to express a points-to graph H as the union of a set of points-to graphs H1,...,Hk where in each Hi, every abstract location points to at most one location.

observe that Figure 1 encodes all possible updates to *p precisely: this summary indicates that *p has value 3 under constraint *a = *b .


The infrastructure layer is at the lowest abstraction level and defines a small set of concepts used systematically throughout the entire KDM specification.

due to the space limitation this paper only shows one relation as example.


Flemming Nielson, Hanne Riis Nielson, and Chris Hankin.

since VC,e is the same for all variables not in C, we can compute VC,e once and use it for all variables not in C. Section 4.3 shows how to compute and update these compositions ef.ciently.


to support dynamic code management, we modi.ed O3 to emit relocatable code.


We then show that the number of colors required in line 9 is bounded.

we formulate the problem of scheduling segmenttransmissionin orderto maximizetheperceived video quality of the receiver.


In OSGi framework, service bundles can be installed, started, stopped and uninstalled without need to reset the system.

dynamically changing control logic and Application logic  Support for different, multiple sensors.


The fine-grained joinpoint model of AspectJ is suitable for such tasks, which often do not even yield a product to be shipped to clients.

1 The material used for this study is available at: http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/~mpm/AOLA/  4.


For instance, if the tracked process forks a child process, the entities observed by the child become part of the parent s input set when the child exits and the parent receives its termination signal.

5.2.3 Apache Figures 8 and 9 show results for the ten Apache bugs in Table 1.


Another aspect of memory consumption by communication channels, is that of the choice of lowlevel transport.


There should be never more than about N methods.

to what degree do the practitioners, regarding how they work, what they prefer, andwhat they considertobeimportant, vary.


For .xed get, it can be impossible to provide a put-function ful.lling I equation (2) for every choice of s and vI, simply because vmay not even be in the range of get.

there is much to explore here, including the issue of which technique(s) to use for program inversion (possibly using IP as a subservice along the lines of Section 4.1), and then foregoing the opportunity to use the IP system as a black box whether mechanisms built into Igor-II as part of the way function calls are introduced already provide an alternative to program inversion for generating I/O pairs for put from condition (2).


3.2.4 Component Models and Point-Point Services Component models [19] provide a second-tier modularization simply called a component .

this was not true of some assembler languages, nor of C , which allowed compilation units to modularize a collection of procedures and data.


THREATS TO VALIDITY Our various measures of churn tend to be highly correlated.

when only one type of change occurs in a .le, Adds are the most fault-prone, Modi.cations second, and Deletes yield the fewest faults.


Similarly, STORE attribute is de.ned on edges which have DEF attribute de.ned or which enter a merge node.

of Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), February 2004.


If MIT is interpreted in the same way as the period T, then the two types of schedulable objects can be assigned priorities using the rate monotonic priority assignment in both cases.

using the raw aJile API can be error prone, when there are many periodic threads with different periods, because nothing checks whether the setup conditions in Section 4.1.1 are satisfied; the programmer has to define all the setup constants manually, and then each periodic thread is made periodic with the right constants by calling the makePeriodic method, and finally the piano roll has to be setup with the right constants in its constructor.


Hence, the installed base station products should support evolution of customer needs by enabling rebinding of capacity.

when the usage has grown over time and the capacity variant needs to be rebound, the hardware con.guration of the base station must be updated, which requires on-site maintenance and is costly.


To demonstrate how communication among individual peers work and how hashes are employed consider the P2Psystem in .gure 1 where Bob wants to share some data and Alice wants to download that data.

iNTRODUCTION Peer-To-Peer-systems (P2P) handle large quantities of data without relying on centralized client server based scenarios [10], but instead use resources from all participating network nodes, the peers.


By speeding up the simulation process by a factor of 100, automata Q1 and Q2 process on average 5583 events/s.

the main source of latency for Query 1 operators, the lsqrf function call, was discussed in §4.1.


Bioinformatics, 19(suppl 1):i54 i62, 2003.

k-gram has a weakness that this algorithm increases similarity when the API sub-sequences of k length are placed in two di.erent sequences.


The de.nition of the method is intended to show that our model supports a realistic real-time implementation technique.

proceedings of the IEEE, 91(1):64 83, January 2003.


The design centered upon making the new language more .exible, less dependent on global settings, higher in performance, and more amenable to building a visualization service.

still, the discovered architecture was di.cult to comprehend, a not unexpected aspect of a legacy software system.


The series of the accesses, as a whole, constitute a consistent business trading transaction.

variables are used without declarations, associative array allows dynamic addition of its entry, and so on.


The robot sends the remote user a map of the house generated by the SLAM module periodically.

we need a sound software engineering approach that supports both top-down and bottom-up views to coordinate the integrated components correctly.


3.4 Storage Allocation Conventional code generation during compilation for a CPU target must consider low-level architectural storage is Source Opcode Stop Field Field Comment 0 tmp := 0 0 0 0 tmpinlocation0 1 if<x 1 0 -:3 else block at line -: after starts at line 3 2 tmp1 := 1 0 1 1 tmp1 in location 1 3 tmp2 := 1 0 1 2 tmp2 in location 2 Table 4: Example SDLSP Using E.cient Instructions for Figure 2 Program.

moving from a pure ASC to an implementation including a LSP or CS is signi.cant, due to the space overheads of the CPU or LSP (ie.


The 4 cores on each chip share the same 2-MByte L3-cache.

each processor core has a 64-KByte private L1-data-cache and a 512-KByte private L2-cache.


Further, it reduces the problem of synthesizing loopy programs to the problem of synthesizing straight line code.

these algorithms cover many common loop idioms that appear in real world code.