Fortunately, if we start monitoring the packet transmission, we should see an increase of the roundtrip times as the user connects to more and more hosts (see Figure 1 ).

references [1] Yin Zhang and Vern Paxson.


Applying fcfs to OHC yields an algorithm that guarantees cost at most opt +2log2(1 + opt) + 2.


Naturally it does inherit attributes from its superclass CEState.

the deciding factor of a structure s integrity is the percentage of the total number of agents (that are not yet either pool member or leader) that have subscribed.


A process delegates its authorization by asking the kernel to pass a capability, possibly with restriction, to another process [6, 20, 4].

first, the structured proofs clearly exhibit their own meaning; to quote Abadi and Needham, every message should say what it means [2].


If e already had a pairwise key with f , say Ke,f , it would simply send .1 = (e, EKe,f (i, K1)) to f .

to check whether x aggregated correctly, the sink has to talk to a and b.


The target programs are typically small which saves bandwidth, popular titles can be easily deduced by commercial rankings and the victims already operate on the brink of legality and are therefore more willing to execute shady downloads.

this allowed us to manually collect AV scan results, installation results (i.e.


This would minimize the damage from any in transit reception or accidental misuse.

it is easy for a consumer to understand that their personal information will stay under their control at all times.


f , to R. We formulate the containment problem as S = R. By construction, R denies all requests that S evaluates to ..

the following BelLog input models this scenario.


After the remote server checks WB, it calculates ZC and stores it as a shared key.

considering that 300 million ABSTRACT devices were sold during one quarter in 2010 alone, the expected The most popular platforms being developed currently are those penetration rate and number of subscribers are even moreused in mobile devices.


Semi-trusted identity provider approaches using proxy re-encryption steer a middle course.


linkbucks.com uses a bidding system, where we bid $3.3 for every 1,000 UK visitors.

there is no guarantee that when two users follow the same short URL, that they will be exposed to same advertisement.


When a car receives an aggregated record, it .rst veri.es the signature and certi.cate and then checks for the presence of R2.If R2 is absent, it concludes that the sender is malicious.

figure 4 shows the structure of an aggregated record that contains only aggregated location information of multiple cars.


[9] Sasse, M.A., Brnstoft~ S. and Weirich, D. (2001): Transforming the "weakest link": a human-computer interaction approach to usable and effective security.

people who am: concerned about security arc often regarded as paranoid -even by themselves: 1 suppose general personality types.


More formally, the security definition Informally, the security of ABE guarantees that nothing leaks about M0 if P (x) = 1 and nothing leaks about M1 if P (x) = 0.

there is a scheme for evaluating Turing machines on encrypted inputs in input-specific time for any class of d-depth-bounded Turing machines, assuming the existence of a succinct single-key functional encryption scheme for circuits of depth d, 6 and a fully homomorphic encryption scheme for circuits of depth d. COROL L A RY 1.8 (IN F O RM A L ).


They change only the URA and the PRA components of ARBAC97, but not RRA97.


The solution is trivial: the cost of the faulty device is evaluated against assurance requirements and the administrator may proceed to an update/upgrade.


This trust relationship is shown in Row 3 of Table 1.

to further understand MSEP s overhead targeting its interposition functions, we designed our own set of micro-benchmarks as follows: 1.


It provides very accurate detection of known attacks with recently update signature.

iNTRUSION DETECTION 2.1 Intrusion Detection System An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a system that attempts to identify intrusions, which defined to be unauthorized uses, misuses, or abuses of computer systems by either authorized users or external perpetrators.


Since large scale identi.cation can be performed o.line and advancement in computer processing, such complexity should be minimized.

to achieve high accuracy, any biometric systems need to deal with intraclass variability and interclass similarity problems.


A basic set of keys can be distributed along with Ambient Dynamix.

the many uses of such devices as well as the heterogeneity of systems and environments increase the complexity for developers to adapt their applications to the growing needs and settings of their users.


In addition, KD and the key used to protect it are removed from a device when it leaves a domain, which prevents protected Rights Ob jects from being used by devices in multiple domains.

how this veri.cation occurs is implementationdependent, see, for example, section 7.


We begin by mirroring the user .les of all 12 computers in DRSteg, which add up to about 1 Tbyte of data.

proposed two steganographic .le system (stegfs) schemes [4].


This is done for languages up to the second order by deriving equations for entropy of selectively encrypted messages and then transferring the result to guesswork through an equation relating the two measures.

in fact, lim log2 W0 n(b)= H0 n(b) - 1 (27) ne.8 the slope of log2 W0 n(b) .


For example, mobile devices such as smartphones (X.1111 Type A) are signi.cantly more vulnerable to unauthorized physical access due to theft compared to desktop PCs (also Type A) secured in the home.

exploitation of Flawed/Incorrectly Implemented Protocols * [1]: This threat includes various types of protocols especially those used for communication, authentication or access control.


it is necessary for anyone looking at the security of an RFID system to identify how their assets are being protected and how they might be targets.


We modify the load of the task and measure the utilization and power consumption of the processors.

the resulting system has good separation qualities, but a signi.cant runtime overhead, since a high amount of unnecessary polling operations takes place.


5.1.4 User Policies in TIM Each of the system s users can set policies with the TIM to customize the security level and user experience.

matthew W. Pagano Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD USA mpagano@cs.jhu.edu  there are many security disadvantages to this system that allow adversaries to steal user credentials.


Mining frequent patterns without candidate generation.

this classic signature-based method always fails to detect variants of known malware or previously unknown malware.


Majority users (212) neither accepted our friend request nor responded to our message sent.

it is probably not di.cult to be convinced that such pages still contain private information, probably indirectly and to a limited degree, e.g., by re.ecting what users like and dislike.


we did not directly address the question of what would have been the optimal value for the ratio of fake repeaters to attackers, i.e.


the intent of the k-of-n secret sharing is that k must be large enough that forming a colluding group of that size is unlikely to happen.


In this manner, there will never be a need to restrict communications within a process group, and thus self-revocation involving pipes is prevented.

for subjects and pipe-like objects, min_lbl is determined by constraint propagation, as described further in Section 3.4.


The CLIENT reconstructs the signal by taking extremely rapid measurements and then searching for the local minima and maxima of the arrival patterns.

traditional co-resident threats such as covert communication and load measurement are considered below.


The .rst solution is based on a commutative multiplicatively homomorphic encryption system which is very communication and computation e.cient.

this is particularly important when considering quantitative policies in pointbased trust management considered in this paper.


There are approximately 50 million SNP positions in human population [4].

the security of an individual s genome should be guaranteed for at least 70-100 years (i.e., during the typical lifetime of a human).


As in [9], the distribution of each parameter of Xt is assumed to be Gaussian centered around Xt-1 and the corresponding diagonal covariance matrix .

thus mechanisms that can satisfy surveillance objectives while ensuring privacy of the people are necessary.


This changes the expected CCM*-MIC of the subsequent PING or PO N G and hence replayed PI N Gs and PON Gs are rejected.

throughout, we give hints on choosing SCREWED s parameters, namely ., N, Nmin, and t.  5.1 Wormhole Detection Capability For demonstrating SCREWED s wormhole detection capability we placed three TelosB motes A, B, C on different .oors of a house.


contains a substitution {M/x}not under a restriction on x).

we may reason that only the intended term M will be forwarded on channel b.


The security warning of the Javasystem looksharmlesssuch that userswillignore it this way, we can speak of a user interface error, which Figure 3: Controlling a mobile phone remotely.

with the increasing functionality new risks go along.


[13] K. Irwin, T. Yu, and W. Winsborough.


While new behavior in passive mode always means additional, relevant activity, we need to be more careful in active mode: Since we actively change the .ow of execution, we could follow infeasible paths that lead to errors (shown in the last row of Table 1).

our analysis will .nd the same active loops again.


In the DOA model, a server entity can delegate the authority over a role to MEs.

existing work are concentrating on the delegation in multi-centric authorization scenarios (which is very common in open decentralized systems), ignoring the interrelations between the delegations in multi-centfic authorization and proxy-based authentication.


Then !2 q q X X 1 2 Here we state and prove our Forking Lemma here that = · x xi .

(each signer in this h Pr J = i : hi,...,hq .H ;(J,s) .A(x,h1,...,hq ; .)


Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.

label-based rules are enforced locally by the operating system (OS) [11, 12] but labels can be exchanged and enforced between hosts over the network as well [13].


A main .nding of this work was the value in a distributed monitoring system, as di.erent blocks in di.erent networks reported signi.cantly di.erent behaviors.

in IMC 07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, New York, NY, USA, 2007.


Using this technique, which was originally called return-to-lib(c) [31], an attacker can prepare a fake frame on the stack and then transfer the program execution to the beginning of a library function.

4.2.3 Jump Offset Adjustments Jump and call instructions may contain free-branch opcodes when using immediate values to specify their destinations.


2345DataMethodsDecisionsLearn & AdaptBusinessProcess16Analytics Source: Competing on Analytics: The New Science of Winning (Davenport / Harris)            Agile Analytics  (a) Basic Business Analytics  (b) Agile Analytics Ladder   Figure 1: Understanding Analytics  3.

enterprises continually seek insight from the information and data flying into security operations.


This al 5In TPM 1.2 transport sessions, wrapped commands are encrypted with a random session key, and thus requires online contact with the remote party.

it may also be used with the READ mode to allow us to create clobs that do not require the counter to be incremented each time they are used.


These are checked automatically to resume CEM when the interrupt is completed.

it requires the device user to trust an authority to set up his device in a trusted depot, and does not support portability of the user s key chain across multiple devices or privacy of the user s keys from the authority.


We model the determination of a point's memorability as a noisy process in human memory where both memorable and forgettable aspects (i.e.

it turns out that the labelling quality we achieved was sufficient for our studies, as evidenced by experimental results we present later.


Some careful reader may argue that the e.ciency of evaluating an expression during policy enforcement can be a problem for time crucial tasks.

a aaa {p, d} and {p, d, n } can only appear as left operands (an a evaluation precedence must strictly follow the order of each rule in a policy) and are similar to {p} and {d}: they simply override any possible right operands.


Pz(i) = Probability that the attacker has already compromised one of the passwords asked in choose-two scheme when this password is used exactly i times in the previous x login sessions.

after this point choose-two scheme becomes less secure than the choose-one 19 5 and Figure 6.


[25] Klein, G., Elphinstone, K., Heiser, G., Andronick, J., Cock, D., Derrin, P., Elkaduwe, D., Engelhardt, K., Kolanski, R., Norrish, M., Sewell, T., Tuch, H., and Winwood, S. seL4: Formal Veri.cation of an OS Kernel.

before presenting each technique in detail, we de.ne some terminology used throughout the paper.


The convenience of each padding scheme depends on the application for which it is used.

a tight reduction to claw-freeness of such families implies a tight reduction to inverting them.


The mark of a machine will cease to be valid after the machine has generated a number of valid throttle requests (associated with this mark) exceeding a threshold set by the trusted third party.

we do need assurance that the adversary s cost to create multiple valid requests during a speci.ed time interval will be signi.cant, and that the cost will increase with the number of requests.


The problem of weak password manager implementations with respect to their vulnerability towards Cross-Site Scripting attacks has been discussed by browser vendors since 2006 [23].

for apparent reasons, choosing this path comes with the price of elevated setup, deployment, and maintenance costs for the application provider (e.g., valid SSL certi.cates for the subdomain need to be acquired).


Protecting the integrity of immutable regions should be the highest priority, since modi.cation to immutable regions in the attacker s favor would be the most critical because the immutable kernel region constitutes critical component in the OS and any compromise in this region would seriously a.ect all the application running on top of the OS.

the second option is to implement a memory region controller which speci.cally drops all memory operation requests from the host system.


So the number of JavaScript functions will be more in naïve script code.

figure 2: Performance on XSS-URL dataset based on TPR and Precision For the J48 classifier, the highest time requirement for building the model was for 90% split with normal attributes whereas the discretized attributes with 95% split test mode executed very quickly.


We have mechanized the for example, stipulate a world w at which Z holds, and let proofs of theorems 2 and 3 and propositions 1 and 3 in Coq.

this requirement enforces a kind of i. for all w : w =µ(t) w implies K, w, v |= f. constructivity on each principal p, such that from a world in a principal believes a formula holds whenever that which individual d is constructed, p cannot consider possible formula holds in all accessible worlds.


Thus, one can also immediately construct CCA secure PKE from CPA secure KEM by converting CPA secure KEM into CPA secure PKE and transforming it to be CCA secure PKE.

nAOR-YUNG TRANSFORM FOR KEM In this section, we show an NY-like construction of a CCA secure KEM from a CPA secure KEM.


Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored.

this high performance on usual-size datasets does not translate in high performance in the wild.


Although the Java Card environment is equipped with the necessary hardware for computation of modulo operations in SRP, limitations in Java Card APIs on accessing the cryptographic co-processors make it challenging to implement SRP with acceptable performance.

the actual time a user has to wait for the server to establish a secure channel is therefore reduced to the key veri.cation phase in steps 6 and 7.


The main cause of failure of manual or automatic classi.cation is that binary images of malware samples may di.er, even if the samples have similar function and behavior because they use common basic source code.

the samples described in this paper were unpacked by an automatic unpacker that we developed previously[5], but we could have used samples unpacked by other unpackers.


4.1 Chinese Wall Policy We examine how we specify our risk .ow policy as a Chinese Wall policy and evaluate the legality of our resulting risk .ows using the Chinese Wall semantics.

suppose we want to prevent secret data from leaking to unclassi.ed sub jects.


5.1 AugBE using Symmetric Bilinear Groups We introduce some notation before we go further and describe the scheme.

our schemes are di.erent from the work of [13].


SenSys 06, November 1 3, 2006, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

at the end of a time slot, the entire network utilizes the next channel and, again, the nodes that are not using the next channel do not transmit, nor must they switch channels unless they are dual-mode boundary nodes.


A malignant operation is a sequence of elementary actions leading to the violation of a security policy.

we need to know if PIDS false alarm rate is much lower than could be attained with a random classi.er that knew only this ratio of attack vs. normal test cases.


for the Boiling Frog attacks, we assumed that the PCA-subspace method is retrained on a weekly basis using the tra.c observed in the previous week to retrain the detector at the beginning of the new week.


The di.erence of the C/No obtained from two GPS receivers is analyzed to detect the TSA.

[22] J. Vesely, and P. Hubacek, The analysis of the error estimation and ambiguity of 2-D time di.erence of arrival localization method, International Journal of Communications, vol.


The subtraction is done modulo 2k/2 separately on each of the two k/2 bits of the ciphertext, and the probability is taken over all ciphertexts C, all keys K and random strings R1.

in the case of protecting the dynamic memory, the performance overhead induced by these algorithms becomes the bottleneck in the overall system.


Fully secure functional encryption: Attribute-based encryption and (hierarchical) inner product encryption.

services are increasingly storing data across many servers shared with other data owners.


This research study investigates the use of conventional encryption techniques [6] , such as complete encryption, partial encryption and perceptual encryption, all of which can be used as part of the video encoding process.

since SignSupport stores a limited number of communication possibilities, mostly from pharmacist to Deaf patient, there could arise the need for full-.edged VRS, on the mobile device, to enable free-form communication between them.


It simulates the movement of users along Sybil paths at approximately the projected speed along that path.

figure 2: Quadtree rep resentations of geographic locations.


Our approach folds all such attributes in a single attribute base and, thus, boosts the ef.ciencyof all proofs of possession.

if the vector looked as (alblc), where b is the representation of the attribute that shall be revealed and a and c are the representationsofthe remaining attributes, onewouldprovidea commitment to a and c and then prove (1) that these have the right binary length and (2) that (alblc) indeed is signed by the issuer (without revealing a or c of course).


As showninFigure1,theNIDS applicationis mapped tothedifferentprocessing unitsusingboth task and data parallelism across the incoming network .ows.


3.2.2 n-Level Advertisement Such level-free dissemination, however, involves a heavy outlay for advertisement due to its too much redundancy.

600 8 6 4 2 400 200 60 0 30 0 2345 678910 123 4567 8910 Advertising Interval (sec) Network Size (1K nodes) Figure 4: Ad content size (100 neigh-Figure 5: Upper bound of ad content Figure 6: Advertising costs (.


The Tor development team has provided endusers with basic means of discovering a small number of registered bridges via a website, an email, or a direct query to the Bridge Authority.

if the data rate during active periods is high enough, then the load on the nodes of the Tor circuit will differ considerably during active and silent periods.


Our participants hoped that the IDS would allow di.erent levels of access depending on system characteristics, i.e., operating systems, IP addresses, speci.c network protocols.

while some of these challenges may not have obvious solutions, it is important that security practitioners, researchers, and tool developers are aware of the complexity of the full process of deploying an IDS.


5.2 Intervals Bounded vector signatures can also be used to represent contiguous intervals of values, in addition to discrete sets of items.

stretch((ß, v,c), k, a): The stretch algorithm takes a partial or full signature ß on vector-context pair (v,c) and an amount a to increment the value of the kth component.


The ISSC should coordinate risk assessment, executive due diligence, and ongoing effectiveness assessment to ensure information is kept secure [8].

other laws governing information security, not covered here include the Health Insurance Accountability and Portability Act (HIPAA) and the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX).


Article: Survey on Privacy-Preserving Methods for Storage in Cloud Computing.

they surveyed heuristic, cryptographic and reconstruction based techniques, while presenting the evaluation of such algorithms in terms of performance, data utility received, level of uncertainty and resistance.


Collaborative Strategies Another important result regards the collaborative strategies used during the trials.

it is important that they exist in their context, otherwise they are not of much use.


Once the Interrogator receives final response, raw data IDI will be checked against existing Interrogator ID.

attacker gets negligible merit in this stage.


Aquifer helps minimize policy violations by allowing applications to in.uence the functionality available to users.

a policy may wish to include a trusted Web browser in the export list to ensure hyperlink functionality.


Explaining the technical details of how hackers were tracked down and caught makes students more aware that their actions in cyberspace are not anonymous, reducing their feelings of deindividualization.

the organizational bases of ethical work climates.


given a ciphertext C the algorithm .rst computes w = Hs(C0, C1), expressed in binary as w1w2 .


5.4 Probabilistic Extension The focus of the conceptual framework outlined and discussed in this paper is on the classi.cation properties of mechanisms, not on the strength of the enforcement of their decisions.

for instance the business logic does not guarantee that the roles will be valid for every output; we do not know how the system will behave for invalid HTTP requests; and our space of causes includes every possible combination of any person s identity and any username and password.


Discovering false positive rates can also con.rm precision.

this method can only perform in an of.ine system that has previously run Bro or an oracle simulator, or in an online system that can somehow predict the connectivity outcome of SYN packets.


In comparison, when writing Mozilla extensions, such considerations are not necessary because JavaScript is an interpreted language2.

in 11th Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS), 2004.


Fortunately,highlydynamicIPsshouldimplicitly exclude themselves from association rules due to minimum support 8 In Sec.

any rulescreated/modi.ed as a result of the current listing are irrelevant until delisting occurs and retraining canbedelayed until(at most) that time.


This is because every input tuple actually corresponds multiple policy checkings.

each tuple only arrives at the qualif ed queries.


As explained before, with increasing m, the sample mean and variance of perturbing data will converge to their expected values.

2(b), in which we showed results for Jester dataset, the MAE is 0.5145 for uniform perturbing data with s = 1 and n = 100 when we compared the predictions from disguised data with the predictions on original data.


When these players follow the established protocol, we expect proper availability of information.

[19] D. Je.erson, A. Rubin, B. Simons, and D. A. Wagner.


The second case, we consider di.erent boolean query for each time the user sends a query to the server.

5.2 Performance From a performance perspective, the most critical step of searchable encryption is the search phase as it is performed by the server for potentially many users.


CCS 14, November 3 7, 2014, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.

an attacker can distribute the workloads among multiple emulators either to speed up the positioning process or to achieve a higher throughput.


The median strength for those that do is 19.9 bits, while it is 41.4 for those that do not.

banks and brokerages have a mixture ranging from weak to medium strength with median of 31.0.


The wireless LAN security is at the link level.

the exact performance of the protocol suite is not widely evaluated yet, and is a function of a variety of factors.


Indeed, insubvertible encryption is a versatile construction that can be used in other contexts apart from RFID privacy namely, whenever there is distributed exchange of some form of encrypted tokens one may legitimately pose the question of whether user s privacy may be violated by unnoticed sidechannels being exploited by malicious parties.


Our improved implementation evaluates about 500,000 non-linear gates per second (2µs per gate) on the same host (setting as described above) and about 350,000 non-linear gates per second (3µs per gate) over WLAN (setting as described in §4.1).

table 3: Comparison of circuit sizes and performance when run on the same machine.


If a single app makes multiple calls of the same type to the same library, each set of calls is only counted once.

the number of libraries on a user s device is probably highly dependent not only on how many apps he chooses to install, but also on which apps he selects.


We could reach 24 hours a day and 365 days a year monitoring at the doorway of the university using the service.

our department, Computing and Communications Center of Kagoshima University (CCC), began the inter university data backup experiment between us and Media and Information Technology Center of Yamaguchi University (MITC), Japan, in September 30, 2011.


RELATED WORK Existing literature such as [4][5][6] provides different models to describe enterprise security.

we will discuss the calculation of the business goal/resource vulnerability score in section 4.


Payment Processor Breach May Be Largest Ever.

once the Security Council approves an initiative, it still requires further approval from the CIO before corporate-wide implementation.


If a member j wishes to depart, a new key K needs to be distributed to all the members except the one departing.

since scheme U unicasts all messages, the number of multicast groups to be stored in the router node for the subnet will always be zero.


Moreover, the proactive features of SAT are achieved through vehicular ad hoc networks as well as Internet (through access services provided by RSUs or Cellular networks) to provide robust network connectivity for setting up trust in advance.

the social network is very useful when the VNET application is running among people and in the scenarios when the roadside network infrastructure is not available or under attacks.


Taking U = UnpSys, S = SecAut, and SecSys as above, Proposition 2 yields UnpSys .T SecSys  B.

we now return to the abort operation in the Bank speci.cation and explain the reasons for it and its implications.


Our schemes are designed to prevent the following privacy and forgery attacks (among others).

without the owner s cooperation, the identity associated with an exchange cannot be determined, allowing the owner to maintain control over the disclosure of her location information.


For consumer electronics like a watch or a mp3, leaking task execution sequence does not seem to be a great problem.


For future work, we believe that by deploying fast modular adders, theperformance canbeimproved.

number of clock cycles for different operations in TypeA and TypeB implementation.


Our results show that LogGC can reduce audit log size by 14 times for regular user systems and 37 times for server systems, without affecting the accuracy of forensic analysis.

note that the initial attack may have happened days or even weeks before the symptom is observed.


In both the above cases, when the system calls are executed the FDAM will be able to detect them and enforce the required policies.

instead, FireDroid approach gives an enterprise complete control over a device since it does not rely on the user and is able to control third-party and pre-installed applications.


For instance, in most systems, it would be reasonable to assume that the opponent will have knowledge of the odds that any particular member of the population has a given attribute.

acknowledgments This research was sponsored by NSF through IIS CyberTrust grant number 0430166 (NCSU).


It is obvious that a smaller block size would speed up the process.

the computational complexity of universal hashing.


To provide a realistic set of samples, we utilized several di.erent facilities to gather them.

the users are no experts and rely on their Anti-Virus software to protect their system.


Also, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.

we used exedit distance as our primary means of comparing exploits during clustering throughout this study.


As expected, our algorithm outperforms the brute force approach in all cases.

given the above formalism, CTM allows a domain to de.ne roles in terms of reputation evaluation.


After sending his encrypted biometric data to the cloud, Bob never participates in any intermediate computation.

secure Comparison is implemented using a garbled circuit which is also secure under the semi-honest model [24].


For one, these nodes are setup to deliver traf.c destined to the dark net as raw packets through a special proxy interface.


At last, the algorithm Ver(sk, (F, i, j1, .


This approach costs high overhead and increases workload and shortens the battery lifespan [3].

this method needs download operation each execution, incurs communication Figure 1.


Ideally, we want to identify the minimal number of roles that are associated with the requested set of permissions.

permissions of the junior roles are inherited by the senior role.


The TruStore modi.cations in.uence interactions between app components protected with the signature and signatureOrSystem types of Android permissions, and on the sharedUserId interactions.

this restriction enables more security: TruStore ensures safety of the apps loaded via itself, while safety of apps on other third-party markets cannot be guaranteed (especially, in the light of the attack discussed in §1), and the interactions between trusted and untrusted apps may lead to information leaks and privilege escalation attacks.


Solution of nonlinear diffusion appearing in image smoothing and edge detection.

instead of a diffusion problem we now solve a transport diffusion equation.


Available (commercial) code review tools mostly deal with common classes of security bugs such as bu.er over.ows, race conditions, and SQL injection vulnerabilities.

as indicated above, we later employ Mobile Java as the main vehicle for exploiting the aforementioned security hole, and in particular, the additional functionality made available by the Java APIs can be convenientlyusedbytheTrojanhorseto exploitthesecurity hole.Togivea .avorofthe functionalitythatcanbeusedby an attacker, we describe the various security-relevant Java APIsfortheJ2MEin moredetail.Wealso explainthebasic security concepts of the J2ME, and at the end of this section,wesketchDRM mechanismsfor mobilephonesbecause these mechanismscanalsobecircumventedby meansof the security hole.


In order to evaluate the security of the scheme, we consider a static adversary which wants toattack aclass u.V at a certain time period t.T and which is able to corrupt al l users not allowed to compute the key ku,t.

the ISPIT in [11] can be also used to reduce the diameter of the graph representing the partially ordered hierarchy to three, by adding O(p·d·(3 log p)d-1 · log log p) new edges and vertices.


Given two variants v1 and v2 of a movie segment (v1  = v2), the pirate can generate any variant out of v1 and v2 or transmit something completely unrecognizable.

there needs to transmit only one variation in each segment in the content.


Hence, we believe our objective function and the proposed algorithm is appropriate, as it reduces the risk and does not augment the number of selected roles.

(2) The user s trust level (trust(u, c)) is greater or equal to the trust threshold of the set of roles Rq.


Recently, new approaches based on risk estimation and economic mechanisms have been proposed for enabling the sharing of information in dynamic environments [15, 36].

the size of a private key set Dcan be as large as k private keys in the original id,r MR-SK-IBKEM scheme; often it is less.


Instead of running privileged processes with full privilege (e.g., as root ), each of these processes are associated with a subject that limits those processes to a set of least privilege permissions.

commercial vendors have proposed cloud operating systems that mainly focus on how resources are virtualized among customer computing [16, 17].


The advantage of the context-aware approach is that it requires no user interaction.


PJScan [24], on the contrary, does not su.er from this issue, as its features are mainly extracted from the CE layer.

a number of solutions for the detection of malicious JavaScript code have been proposed to date in the context of web security.


Similarly, we also provide freepseudonym() that applications use to release an address back into the pool of available pseudonyms.

a system that allows for more privacy control is bene.cial.


CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK In this work we have designed and implemented ESCORT, a decentralized and localized mobile access control system.


(y ), but the database cannot be feasibly accessed in any other way.

these techniques are concerned, however, with retrieving data from an untrusted server, whereas we are concerned with encrypting the data and then giving them away, while preserving some control over what users can do with them.


We use circles to represent accessor spaces of three controllers, c1, c2 and c3, of a shared data item.

the privacy risk of a con.icting segment is calculated by a monotonically increasing function with the following parameters: Number of privacy con.icts: The number of privacy con.icts in a con.icting segment is indicated by the number of the untrusting controllers.


Master s thesis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2004.

the signature size of ETA is 6, 8, 1.3 and orders of magnitudes times smaller than that of HORS/HORSE, online/of.ine signatures, ECDSA/token-ECDSA and HORS++, respectively.


Henceforth, Xen s domain is referred by virtual machine , and we use SP3 domain or simply domain to refer to SP3 domain.

before the operating system takes over control, the execution context of an outgoing domain must be securely stored to prevent information leakage and hijacking + of domain context.


A straightforward deterrence mechanism would be to identify and penalize the sharing behavior.

scheme-III parameterized by any d > 0, achieves IND-CPA (with honest authority), privacy (without secret-key oracle), and black-box recoverability w.r.t.


In 2003, she was awarded the NYU CIMS Sandra Bleistein prize, for "notable achievement by a woman in Applied Mathematics or Computer Science."

industrial practitioners will walk away with an understanding of challenges of real content protection systems, from design, legal issues, to adoption.


Currently, there is no obvious way to attack this business model directly, as the most important elements seem to be beyond direct control of the client.

at the beginning of the graph, the system is in a simple equilibrium; furthermore, we assume each member of the group is making enough money that the system is pro.table for every participant (except, of course, the unwitting host of the FMM).


StackGhost: Hardware facilitated stack protection.

packed exploit frames contain register values that in.uence program control to jump into short instruction sequences in libc.


next state for a number of states is a function of both the present state and Code-Word.

experimental results show that the proposed approach is an e.ective method against tampering with low area overhead.


12301234, May 2005 [6] M. Krasicki, P. Szulakiewicz, A new spacetime diversity scheme for WLAN systems , Proc.

r| RMRfDEMRRRReR|>12 can be achieved at SNR=5.5dB for some frames in the 2nd pass, and for most frames not before the 3rd one.


e-voting Figure 5 Mu &Vardharajan s Anonymous Voting Protocol  5.

e-cashless transactions involve the client s and merchant s secure information such as credit/debit card numbers and private information.


General Terms Security, Management Keywords Experiential Learning, Security Education,  1.

lastly, the lecture details the firewall implementation used in the Cyber Cave summer camp.


Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.

the permutation algorithm can help us identify an optimal solution for a con.ict resolution, but it is inef.cient for the .rewall policies with a larger number of con.icting rules within some con.ict correlation groups.


Renovo: A Hidden Code Extractor for Packed Executables.

a malware scanner should have a mechanism for the quick identi.cation of packed executable as well as the packer used to identify them.


If node ni does not receive a valid message from node nj during the mth time slot, node ni sets xnj (m)= Null.

it is observed that increase in M does not increase the probability of detection as much as it did in the .rst scenario.


The authors are also grateful to the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad for providing their research support, as without such help this work could not carried out.

the full private key is generated by a user who makes use of the partial private key obtained from PKG and the secret value chosen by him.


The increased memory contention interferes with other memory-intensive CPU tasks, e.g., packet acquisition from NICs, preprocessing, and CPU-based pattern matching.

achieving high memoryaccess performance on a NUMA system requires the application to carefully place the data to minimize the cross-domain memory access, because remote memory access tends to incur 40-50% more latency and 20-30% lower bandwidth compared to local memory access [22].


The main purpose of a location hidden service is to remain anonymous while serving its clients.

moreover, our attacks use threat models and resource requirements that di.er signi.cantly from attacks using other .ow features.


Computer Online Forensic Evidence Extractor (COFEE).

1.3 Contribution This paper shows that to adapt incident handling to cloud computing environments, cloud customers must establish clarity about their requirements on CSPs for successful handling of incidents and contract CSPs accordingly.


It seems possible that other PKI implementers have taken a similar approach to check that a certi.cate meets speci.ed requirements or is compatible with a given pro.le.

as the certi.cates are computer-readable and the Grid Certi.cate Pro.le is relatively well-de.ned, there is clearly scope for automation of this compliance check.


Server B mainly stores benign samples, and runs IIS web server as a reputable website.

there is a big challenge to realize the system using RBP to detect malware.


As the attacker learns more of the database, his chance of guessing the answer to a captcha improve, because he is likely to recognize some of the images.

the fraction of the 30 people who were able to correctly orient a speci.c image provides a measure of di.culty or ease with with which the image can be oriented.


It tries to ensure that most valid requests from R1 are approved, even at the cost of approving some over-requests by mistake.


The .rst synchronization point is the .rst successful soft-change event, which depends only on the timings of the .ows in the trace and the soft-change timer, which both remain constant across di.erent experiments.

we performed hourly scans on all pre.xes using ICMP ECHO messages over a period of one month.


C., for all inputs x, we have that C ' (x) = C(x) where C ' .

any adversary distinguishing Hybrids 1 and 5 distinguishes the output of the puncturable PRF.


some users tried to look for related problems and solutions online.


s scheme [21], as a concrete implementation of the above paradigm, outperforms the previous schemes [9, 8, 15] on both signature size and computational cost.

the veri.er checks s is a valid signature on m ' by checking the equation se = m '4 .


http://www.fsecure.com/wireless/pocketpc/pocketpc-av.shtml [13] Trend Micro PC cillin for Wireless.

discussion of wireless security is out of scope for this paper.


In this case, suppose we again transmit an n-bit string X uniformly over a codeword of radius R, and then Wendy is able to toggle exactly wn bits in hopes of forcing a failed decoding.

this result is so pessimistic that it applies even to the transmission of a single datagram, a message of constant length, within a cover stream of arbitrary size.


The newest version, WPA2, employs the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), but it only works with newer access points.

most clients are set up to continue connecting to a network they have previously logged into, especially if it has the strongest signal available.


The traf.c markers are generated and used by various Web services to bring together stateless HTTP request/reply messages and to keep track of the webpages users visited, user devices, or the users themselves.

fi}.Sk is the set of i = users whose activity .ngerprint length is at least k,and Fi k is the set of users (other than ui) whose activity .ngerprint contains Fi as a subset.


Our approach is based upon the fact that only a very small portion of human genome contains sensitive information.


3.1 Weaken of Trusted Display Base As we all know, security in any system must be built upon a solid Trusted Computing Base (TCB), and web security is no exception.

when the attack is launched, the screen will look like that in Figure 5(b), clearly showing the attack intent.


Intuitively, if probes from an infected source arrive at the monitor1 before scans from a different infected host, we can infer that the .rst host was infected before the latter one.

this ever-present threat of Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.


The response messages are very simple and short, such as ALIVE , COMPROMISED , etc., along with the node identi.er and a timestamp.

a smaller packet size in wireless communication means higher successful transmission rate, which eventually increases the possibility of data recovery.


We can select the parameter such that the elements in G are 171-bits strings.

the security of proposed DCS scheme for designated con.rmers is obtained from the following theorem: Theorem 3.


Fault tolerance also has limits because diversity can be hard to achieve [3].


we are hopeful that top-ranking pairs can capture shared botnet membership (Sec.


Reducing TCB size by using untrusted components: small kernels versus virtual-machine monitors.

privtrans: automatically partitioning programs for privilege separation.


For instance, we have observed webpages such as news stories published by the employer.

after cross-checking with the school reference lists, we have successfully added country and continent information to all schools and state information to all the US schools, for 80% of the records.


It uses a priority queue q where nodes of the histogram are ordered according to their need to be partitioned.

the splitting positions to be evaluated and compared are all the positions lying onto the grid de.ned on b. Greedy Algorithm B is the storage space available for the summary.


POLICY DEFINTION In this section, we specify access policies that are simple and flexible enough to allow implementations for different applications and scenarios.

if an entity wants to join a multicast group to access data that has a security level less than that of its own, then that entity can join the group as a receiver only.


There are two basic approaches of role engineering: top-down and bottom-up [5, 13, 24].

[1, 11]) focuses on rule-based automatic user-role assignment, thereby addressing the di.culty in user-role assignment when there is a large dynamic population of users.


and the arcs that lead to it are represented with dashed lines, to pictorially denote the fact that they do not belong to the original graph.

for instance, agent a has a relationship of type ManagerOf (MOf for short) with ß and a relationship of type ColleagueOf (COf) with ..In the example, social network relationships can be established also based on agents personal relationships.


After applying our patch for the 2.6.24.3 kernel to the 2.6.36.2 kernel (line 2.6.36.2+patch run 1), throughput is signi.cantly higher compared to the unpatched counterparts.

we do want reviewers,kerneldevelopers, system administrators and users to understand that the latest kernel is not always the best kernel.


However, electro-magnetic radiation (EM) attacks[1]are similar in nature.

the basic problems are power analysis attacks[25]and timing attacks[24].


We do realize that API call analysis, information .ow tracking or network monitoring techniques can contribute to a deeper analysis of the malware, providing more useful information about malware behavior and more accurate results.

this way we can di.erentiate between benign applications that demonstrate very similar system callpatterns, andmalicious trojan applications that, even if having the same name and identi.er, have a di.erent behavior in terms of distance between example vectors.


Finally, the last example has nothing to do not with the attack, but rather with the botnet and the botmasters themselves.

as indicated in Table 1, the standard deviation values obtained are relatively small, and we therefore believe that these results are statistically signi.cant.


This kind of threat is unlikely to cause a great deal of loss to an asset.

this is particularly important considered how technology is a constantly changing and evolving field.


The escort box acts as a network address translation (NAT) box, thus for third parties the communication appears to be originated from the escort box.

in the near future we will evaluate ESCORT s anonymity services in the same testbed.


4.3 Federation For large populations, assuming a single service provider is neither scalable nor practically realistic.

the license includes terms and conditions of access to the content in a machine-readable format, and also includes the content key in a cryptographically packaged form that is only extractable by the party to whom the license is issued.


[12] C.Wang, Protectionofsoftware-basedsurvivability schemes",Dependable Systems and Networks,2001.

as defensive measures such as NX-bit or DEP are becoming more common, code injection is becoming harder to perform.


This asymmetry may be acceptable for the underlying business data: if the provider returns XML conforming to a different schema than that which the requester expects, a simple transformation may be able to compensate.

standard authentication schemes: At present, authentication tokens are specific to the UDDI node with which a user interacts.


For example, in C7552 circuit, a defender thinks that iL will Lake 46 days to decipher the netlist while the attacker will take more than a thousand ;-,rears.

to obfuscate a circuit Vith a reasonable performance overhead, we selected the key size aB 5% of number of ga.tcR in that circuit.


In a digital environment, this degree of trust expresses the quality of a relationship between two entities; be they natural persons, physical items (components, equipment) or intangibles (virtual machines, software, data files).

strong verbs should be chosen wherever possible.


Secondly, could we freely track a particular user within a reasonably short time period?

the intuition behind our attack is that, if the attacker could freely generate the fake anchor points with new locations, LBSN apps will be a distance oracle that always returns the relative distance with these anchor points to the attacker.


= RH  {(r2, r1)} grantObjPermToRole ([c, o1, a1], r1) [c, o1, admin], [role, r1, empower] ([c, o1, a1], r1) .

all three sub-models rely on the concept of role ranges, which are used as administrative domains.


the results show that we can use covert .ltering to increase the human rate of success su.ciently for the task to serve as a practical captcha.


ASR defeats pointer corruption attacks by randomizing the location of various data and code objects in the process address space.

cCS 05, November 7 11, 2005, Alexandria, Virginia, USA.


As described by West ([12]), The reward for being more secure is that nothing bad happens .

in addition, there is extensive ongoing research dealing with various aspects of security related communication, aiming to improve risk/security communications (e.g.


(3) P k P k holds since k coverBmssc (k) = 4 · k cover mssc* (k) [11], and because for any rt, orderBemts (rt) = d · orderBmssc (Srt ), since Bemts may insert up to d nodes of T before each node rti output by Bmssc.

upon visitinga node,thelasttransforminthe corresponding sequenceis applied to the output(if not .


The power-law shape of the originating numbers implies that a majority of domestic customers rarely call foreign numbers from their cell phones.

6.1 Stability of Fraud Activities Since we use whole month datasets for fraud detection, certainlonglastingfraud activitiesthat spanseveral months can appear multiple times.


Since the victim has copied the images to his laptop computer, it is plausible that the images were leaked through the computer (i.e.

the above expression can be interpreted as: posterior probability .


This approach requires the modi.cation of the mobile operating system itself.

we will release our prototypes under an the Apache License Version 2.0 to make our results available to the scienti.c community upon publication of our research.


And we require that bidders will not know the value of log~.

it is rather difficult to revoke a bidder.


LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK One of ClickMiner s primary applications, as demonstrated in Section 8, is the after-the-fact replay of user-browser interactions before and up to the occurrence of a security incident.

another source of false negatives is represented by exchanges that are simply missing from the trace, because of the caching effect.


The time seems too long if considering usability.

the same Bloom filter index is sometimes created from elements that have different values, since the same hash digest can be calculated from different values.


The utility of the information shared in these domains relies on (i) quality of the information and (ii) mechanisms that verify the correctness of the data and thereby determine the trustworthiness of the shared information.

in reality Figure 1 would be a subgraph of a much larger graph that describes provenance for n patients.


Other work provides implementations of this .le chooser widget for both Windows and Solaris [10, 22].

resource misuse can arise in DCs in at least three ways.


Moreover some developed tools perform coarse grained analysis of malware at the expense of computation speed.

to copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.


Section 2.2 presents previous research in the area of data misuse detection.

there have been several research efforts to deal with this scenario and to detect potential data misuse.


4.3.3 Smoothing Filter: Our third experiment evaluates the e.ect of the smoothing window on detection accuracy (shown in Figure 4).

each observation in a user s behavioral pro.le is a summary over a window of N mouse movements.


Early steps in rich authentication have been promising ( Cell phones show human movement predictable 93% of the time.

all such systems even highassurance, critical systems (e.g., nuclear command and control [3, §13.2.2]) that use diverse, independent redundancy from the atoms composing a system s transistors to the humans operating the system require measurably strong validation and veri.cation of human identity.


All participants had a personal Android smartphone that they did not share with others and had at least 200MB data plans with T-Mobile.

beyond these two data types, users have no options to limit when and how often, data will be accessed once the application is installed.


In addition, recent statistic from Facebook supports the possibility of our proposed arguments since the average user in Facebook has more than 130 friends [2].

compute Profile Similarity: After obtaining CL, we calculate profile similarity between each candidate identity in CL and  IID based on our profile similarity schemes.


Table 1: Accuracies of elementary algorithms for some sample sets.

side-channels such as sensors can bypass such security restrictions.


In our experiments we have found this causes signi.cant permission under-assignment, including the complete revocation of all permissions from some users.

this implies that the matching roles only share half of the permissions.


In psychology, a distinction is made between injunctive and descriptive social norms [8], where injunctive norms are based on perceptions of approved and disapproved behaviours, whereas descriptive norms are based on perceptions of what others typically do.

although social engineering may play a role in the attacks found, this has up to now not been expressed in terms of con.icts between di.erent norms.


In Session Initiation Protocol, the server accepts a subscribe request, and then sends presence information back to the subscriber whenever the presence changes.

the presence inference engine used in this experiment works with an external sensor system using RFID tags.


The linking can be conducted in two di.erent ways.

restrictions on the application become ine.ective.


The paper also discusses the administration of the server including adding users to the system.

this paper demonstrates the methods and challenges associated with multi-user MySQL and Tomcat installations.


Failing to go through NICKLE s kernel code authentication, the injected code will remain in the standard memory and cannot be fetched from the shadow memory.

via the combat tracking technique, PoKeR maintains a map of dynamic kernel objects, which allows it to accurately determine which kernel objects are modi.ed by a rootkit.


An actor machine for Y is the state machine (S, F, R), where: S is the set of actor machine states  F : S .

rBAC0 and ugo utilize many additional roles to store simulated hierarchy information, and many of these roles are never assigned permissions.


Inability of the patient to authenticate: The patient might be unable (physically or mentally) to remember and enter a PIN.

privacy becomes an even more important aspect in this model because health insurances or billing services should not be able to access private details of EHRs.


Fortunately, people are becoming better educated to know how to protect their privacy.

as a device .ngerprinting technology, the proposed user tracking method itself is neutral, so if it is used properly, it could bene.t our society to a large extent.


Hence, an effective and ef.cient support of constraints for RE is worth investigation.

in ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pages 42 51, 2004.


Then, the algorithm considers each possible combination of Aurora expressions in Sec Objs1 and Sec Objs2 and performs over them the required operation R.p (i.e., Union, Join and Resample) (steps, 2.f.i.1-3).

the .nal returned protection object like representation of graph G has the following components: {Health},{Heart,SID},(Health.Platoon=X .


Second, as more processes are queued by the CPU scheduler, the last-level caches are less likely to be shared by the attacker and the victim at the same time.

5 7) we determined the length of the interval empirically to minimize false negatives, which resulted in a Flush-Reload interval of about 1µs in each case.


We depict this as the following root privileges, or even unauthorized disclosure.

figure 5: Initial Subtree Used to Model Individual Flaws As an example of what we mean, we will show how a specific flaw can be translated into one of these initial single transition attack nets.


Too high complexity can result in lower security due to a lack of control.

once the roles are part of our system, role management activities comprise the daily administrative duties.


We manually tested all of the 141 unique cracks and keygens within our analysis setup.

through combinations with other hosting types like PPD hosting, the uploader can still make money.


These basic policies constitute what is known as valley-free routing [13] an AS never redistributes routes from one of its providers to another; if they violated this, they would end up paying for the privilege of carrying traf.cfor their providers.

we show that a censoring authority, or warden, that has this capability can detect the network locations of decoy routers; we demonstrate that a warden in control of how a user s packets are routed can prevent those packets from being seen by the decoy routing system; we show how an adversary that can predict the properties of paths to innocent destinations can detect the use of decoy routing through timing analysis; and we show how that same warden can launch con.rmation attacks that, by exploiting the differences between a normal user and a decoy routing user, test if a host is utilizing a decoy routing system.


Since this variable is set to true currently (to re duce the number of dead contacts and to enable long-lived nodes to continuously contribute to the network, although our measurements indicate that such behavior is uncommon) it does not prevent hi jacking attacks; we have empirically con.rmed this by running the new client and successfully hijacking a single backpointer.

7The list includes popular movies, songs, singers, softwares, .lename extensions, etc.


The hashing scheme helps in reducing the data access time, while the bottom-up tree helps in minimizing the memory consumption in TBT.

the total memory used did not signi.cantly reduced due to the newly allocated tail tables for di.erent substring length.


However, assuming that the attacker may change its strategy arbitrarily is neither useful nor practical.

the intuition behind this detection method is that I - Iref should remain close to 0 under normal circumstances, and that even in an unstable environment, should not vary no more frequently than t .


Users of such systems may operate a myriad of applications: web browsers, mail clients (MUAs), spreadsheets, word processors, instant messaging applications, etc.

trueCrypt: Free Open-Source On-The-Fly Disk Encryption Software for Windows Vista/XP, Mac OS X and Linux.


However, some of the portal site is not secure against the ARP poisoning attack.

iCUIMC '11, February 21 23, 2011, Seoul, Korea.


In the algorithm proposed in [17], all existing users are initially considered as candidate roles.

mixtures of Dirichlet processes with applications to Bayesian nonparametric problems.


A main di.erence between traditional e-mail spam and mobile spam is cost.

in order for such techniques to be e.ective, they .rst need to be trained by processing a substantial amount of text messages, before they can successfully classify messages.


Such errors are tolerable if the application is trying to infer the city or town for the place of interest.

our results are already reasonably fast, and newer x86 platforms include AES CPU instructions which will improve performance even more.


CLIENT-SIDE POLICY ENFORCEMENT This Section describes our client side CSRF protection mechanism.

the ideal CSRF protection combines the best of both worlds o.ering a generic client-side solution, which can take extra application-speci.c, server-side context into account whenever this is available.


Lawful interception requires the telephone service providers to al 4 4 4 4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 Figure 15: Statistical Analysis low access to some particular target s call content and its related meta data.

figure 5 shows the transformation process where we apply the logarithm function and reduction factor on the original extrema samples, and thus transforming the true covert sample values before being transmitted within RTP payload.


4.1 Secure Registration Workflow The DRPM registration portal is used to generate a client profile during the initial resource provisioning.

[8] J. Hughes and E. Maler, "Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) v. 2.0 Technical Overview," OASIS, Working Paper, 2005.


In order to replace the write instruction with our binary patch, we require that the size of the replaced instructions to be no less than 5 bytes 1 .

it consists of four components as indicated by the shaded boxes in the .gure: page granularity taint tracking, byte granularity taint tracking, patch generation, and VM state recovery.


The disclosed EK private key from attack 1.2. or the Hardware Backdoors of attack 1.3. are nearly impossible to detect.

categories and Subject Descriptors D.4.6 [Software]: OPERATING SYSTEMS Security and Protection, Authentication; D.4.5 [Software]: OPERAT-ING SYSTEMS Communications Management Keywords Authentication with TPM, Electronic ID, Identity System 1.


more interestingly, the multimedia community is developing a range of approaches to accurately determine location information from content, such a photos, videos, and metatags [5, 6, 7, 8, 20, 9].


Having a predetermined team setup to respond to security incidents before they occur is crucial.

it depends on its severity level and the consequences of actions taken.


This frequently means many runs of the experiment over a wide variety of input variations to assure the relationship between the domain and range of the system under test (SUT) is as predicted by the hypothesis.

applying the scientific method to our experiments will enable a more purposeful approach to discovering the exact conditions under which our innovations can be expected to operate, providing much greater utility in our future products.


At that time base executables could also be linked at a randomized address.

we propose retouching, a novel mechanism for randomizing prelinked code for deployment on mobile devices.


This layer is not within our system s TCB because it contains app-speci.c code and bugs in that code do not affect the security of our trusted sensor abstractions.

these write operations are used to con.gure the sensor in ways that affect how the sensor readings should be interpreted.


Exploitation techniques Exploit technique Times used % used Physical PC interaction 2 10.00% Improper error handling 5 25.00% Malicious code w/ user input 5 25.00% Malicious code w/o user input 6 30.00% Stuxnet Worm 2 10.00% Total 20 100.00%  4.

to copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.


We build on top of prior work which aims to model the temporal correlation between the various contexts using a Markov chain [6].

the framework presented makes an assumption that the underlying context stream derived from the sensor data has apredictable model, asdemonstratedinFig.1.


Proof: Strati.cation is obtained with the following level mapping [2, 21] .


SECURING CONTROL TRANSITION WITHNESTEDVIRTUALIZATION CloudVisor interposes control transitions between a VMM and its guest VMs.

on a trap, the program counter of the faulting instruction is a virtual address and the memory operands are alsopresented as virtual addresses.


This experimental platform is chosen for the convenience of implementation.

a short description of the element is provided in the far right-hand column by considering the accessed data, o.set, and accessing code.


(1) The gadget must not destroy its own jump target.

there are several criteria by which a potential gadget can be eliminated at this stage; these are detected by the procedure IsV iableGadget(G).


We assume a well-managed and professionally administered virtualizationplatform that restricts access tobothphysical resources and privileged administrative interfaces.

much of this evaluation is necessarily qualitative: while we have taken efforts to evaluate against published vulnerabilities, virtualizationonmodernserversisstillasuf.ciently newtechnology with few disclosed vulnerabilities.


Once we check the correctness of the schedule, we intentionally introduce new operations so that all execution units are used in all control steps by our functionality.

nEW PARADIGM: COMPLETELY SPECIFIED DESIGN Our solution to trustable synthesis using untrusted tools is based on the newly created security paradigm of completely specified design and complete and low latency observability.


Circuit #2   &#169;2009 Galois, Inc. CSIIRW 2009  C a s e S t u d y a t R o c k w e l l - C o l l i n s H i g h S p e e d E n c r y p t o r P r o j e c t  Key  Equivalence Checking: Some Lessons Learned  Technique is very useful in practice  Originally tried BDD-based approach But crypto is engineered to resist useful analysis of the decision tree!

since such transformations are done both manually by programmers and automatically by the compiler, it is absolutely essential to ensure that correctness is preserved through many structural transformations applied to obtain a time/space ef.cient realization.


Currently login/password based authentication protocols are used in most of the public and private system.


If this switch is in the on position the device will retransmit failed packets, but if the acknowledgement switch is in the off position no retransmissions are performed, and any data received on the low-security input is ignored.

in Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 92), pages 392 411, Melbourne, Australia, 11 15 May 1992.


as mentioned earlier, annotations on an interface and on method declarations in interfaces constrain the e.ective annotations on their implementing methods in classes.


Notice that the .nal value of match depends on con.dential and secret data therefore the program is not secure from the point of view of non-interference property.

dynamic Information Flow Control Architecture for Web Applications.


The output of the game is 1 (i.e., .. wins the game) if: (1) AggVer(pk, (xt ' ,..t ' )=1 and (2)(.. ' .., .... ' has never been observed in the Query phase.

in ACM Workshop on Security of Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (SASN), 2004.


In such cases, our architecture can take advantage of additional information  (e.g.

we have experimented with extraction of information from live operating system structures, such as being able to monitor process creation and destruction in real-time.


In such an environment, user interactions cause JavaScript code to be executed, resulting in changes to the JavaScript environment and the DOM.

[4] BANDHAKAVI, S., BISHT, P., MADHUSUDAN, P., AND VENKATAKRISHNAN, V. CANDID: Preventing SQL Injection Attacks using Dynamic Candidate Evaluations.


Like data obfuscation [6] and data blurring [7] in previous work, our method allows data owners to deliver abstract version of context data with their restricted ranges of values.

then the requester must request other context data to do same service.


Step 5: Node C sends the routing reply message to node B with authentication reply message as follows: C .


However, the distinct feature of smoothness in fuzzy control approaches is that these approaches have to reduce the oscillation before the output reaches its intended value when measuring these properties.

taking a pessimistic view, we take the minimal of the two estimates.


f(x) = 0 and for all PPT A, the following probability:   tions.

now V sends the garbled circuit to P , 5 who evaluates and sends V the output of the evaluation of the garbled circuit.


this leads to either very large space consumption or to an ine.cient computation done by the owner each time the next key in the chain has to be evaluated.


If at least one pattern matches, then the individual is an XSS exploit (i.e., the test verdict will output yes, vulnerability detected ).

even in 2012, the fault detection capability of such tools is low: the best ones only detect 40% of non-sanitized Type-2 XSS, and 1/3 do not detect any[3, 2].


Kilpatrick s Privmanlibrarycanbeusedtoperform privilege separation on Unix applications and daemons, by performingmediationonprivileged systemcalls: anunprivilegedprocessperforms regular execution,andatrustedmonitorperformsthe systemcalls,aslong asthe securitypolicy is respected [14].

several authors have previously looked at disaggregation, under a variety of names.


We use these terms for the corresponding problem instances, as well.

a general approach is desired that can cover this broad range of security requirements.


For the state-changes, we know that each causes a dAuth or dUnauth to become true.

alice: Bob: grant insert on table t to Bob procedure def(x), definer s rights insert x into Alice s table t Carl: procedure inv(x), invoker s rights invoke Bob s procedure def(x) grant execute on procedure inv to Dan grant execute on procedure def to Carl Dan: invoke Carl s procedure inv(23) Figure 3: An example with four users in the D System, Alice, Bob, Carl and Dan.


To achieve an error rate of 0%, the attacker must monitor ~15.5 minutes compared to 12 minutes for the bidirectional case.

extended the discriminability of this feature to be even capable of distinguishing between single devices instead of device drivers [7].


Social network privacy for attribute disclosure attacks.

diversity of web documents and limited evidences (e.g.


In this paper, we presented the design and evaluation of Aquarium, a system that uses computational techniques to improve crowdsourcing in identifying phish.

for example, a given participant might not recognize a single instance of phish on an unknown brand (for example, a single instance of the Tibia phish shown in Figure 4), but seeing four instances of the same site but with different URLs would suggest that it is suspicious.


While these requirements are by no mean complete, they can be used as a guideline for evaluating potential designs.

rEQUIREMENTS In this section, we summarize some of the requirements of an ideal encounter-based social network.


9 See RFC2693 for more details about how to use keys as the only names for keyholders.

there are an estimated 200 million users on the Internet today, giving the net room for a factor of 30 in growth.


First, it is not always clear how non-conclusive decisions (i.e., neither 1 nor 0) should be treated at the enforcement point.

structured languages allow the speci.cation of composite policies comprising both positive and negative sub-policies to regulate the access to sensitive resources and data.


We found that attacks target three general classes of vulnerabilities: plugin memory violations (e.g., over.ows in plugins or ActiveX components), unsafe APIs (e.g., APIs that, by design, allow to perform unsafe actions, such as downloading and executing a remote .le), and browser memory violations (e.g., over.ows in some of the core browser components, such as its XML parser).

an off-line analysis of the script will fail, since it changes the location to an incorrect value.


Equipped with this lemma, we continue our proof by contradiction.

create Decoder Box The adversary outputs a decoder box D.  Let SF denote the event that the adversary wins this game, which happens if the following two conditions hold: The decoder box D is E-useful for ID, i.e.


Having said that, attacks on the kernellevel can be mitigated by enabling SELinux on Android [40].

design and veri.cation of secure systems.


on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pages 285 289, 2000.

this approach is not suitable where the testing party has restricted access to the training data.


P(E) is the prior probability of evidence E, which is referred to as a normalizing constant.

3.1 Background of the Case In this case, numerous indecent photographs of several Hong Kong celebrities were found having been leaked out and had been publicized through posting of the photographs on the Internet.


Notice however that if the number of iterations were a function of the secret size, for example by inserting in the second line of the program the assignment N =size(h),(where size(h)=k the size of the secret) then it becomes a 1 bounded channel with decreasing rate 1k and capacity 1.

previous information-theoretic models of programs are imprecise, due to their overly conservative treatment of looping constructs.


In HotSec 09: Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Security, 2009.

the Client Device pushes context and activity data to a Data Aggregator; the Authentication Engine queries the Data Aggregator for individual device reports; the Client Device requests a service from the Authentication Consumer; the Client Device authenticates itself through the Authentication Engine; and the Authentication Engine exchanges a secret with Authentication Consumer during authentication (in order to later verify authentication results).


Assertions provide the means of avoiding redundant authentication and access control checks, thereby providing single sign-on functionality across multiple target environments.

it is not based uniquely on identity as in PGP, but caters for any types of credentials.


[7] Andrei Costin and Aurélien Francillon.

our answer to the above question is only partial; however, we believe that it is a fruitful .rst step.


E-bay has demonstrated this very effectively.

he would have to do work to establish it.


Because the relative frequencies are sorted in descending order, it can be expected that the values of ICD(x) are more signi.cant for the anomaly score when x is small.

all probabilities in the interval [0.0, 0.1[ are added to the .rst bin, values in the interval [0.1, 0.2[ are added to the second bin, and so forth.


The certi.cate has already been loaded and a master key for the group was generated.

[11] could be considered, since its average time cost is less than TGDH s. DST uses the unrealistic assumption that group member departure times is known in advance.


We also employ support vector machines (SVMs), which are considerably faster than the neural networks employed in [2, 21].

iNTRODUCTION In today s Internet-centered world, the tasks of user authentication and veri.cation have become more important than ever before [2, 7, 19, 24].


Since IDPs store precious identity information, it is natural to treat an IDP as a trusted point in a system.

in the user authentication phase (messages 11..16), IDP2 sends Table 2.


When all optimizations are enabled, the performance is improved by 10.5% on average.

we have several optimizations to reduce secret sharing function overhead.


Let Poriginal be the mirror equivalent of P when the original policies of Alice s credentials are used and let Pcovering be the mirror equivalent of P when the covering policies are used.

in other cases, such as the CIA credential example used earlier, no such standard policies will be available.


The vast majority of web application attacks are not new innovations, but well known web server or application vulnerabilities that are exploited against an application that has not been patched.

finally, the hacker may collect enough information about the application in order to attack using vulnerabilities he has found.


These SNPs form an N by M matrix, below which are their LDs.

biocomputing tools such as R [10] use maximum likelihood methods to compute pair-wise allele frequencies directly from genotypes.


That said, all of our MCA questions are potential poll characteristics.

market maintainers simply do not have the computational or personnel resources to thoroughly or deeply inspect the large number of applications submitted each day.


5.2 FreeWave Proxies FreeWave prevents this type of .ngerprinting by using supernodes in the Skype network as proxies, which then forward the connection to the actual FreeWave server and off to the end destination.

using the packet lengths generated by the samples from Oregon Graduate Institute corpus [15] mentioned in Section 3, we compared the distribution of packet lengths to those generated by the modem.


The larger the value of the threshold, the less false positive alarms is generated.

the key components of GSAD model are 1-gram frequency model and Geometrical Structure Model (GSM).


The dominant tra.c pattern in sensor networks is many-to-one, with many sensor nodes communicating sensor readings or network events over a multihop topology to a central base station.

the test had two purposes: we wanted to measure the latency when routing packets and to see how usable TinySec is with a large existing system.


Speci.cally, the Markovian order at which the decaying conditional entropy saturates is chosen as the value of k. The size of each bin is thencalculatedby taking thedi.erenceof the minimumand the maximumanomaly scoreanddividing thatdi.erenceby k. The sizes of the .rst and the last bin are kept .exible to accommodate anypreviously-unseenanomaly scoresthat may be observed during real-time operation.

we, on the other hand, arguethattheinput characteristicsof areal-timeIDS change continuously with time and setting a rigid(time and behavior invariant) classi.cation threshold limits the accuracy that theIDS canpotentially achieve.


It takes two seconds to measure the list file while booting, as shown in Type C. In our proposal, the hash value is calculated for each read block, and is compared with the value recorded in the list.

our next step will be to develop the management mechanism of the integrity information to verify whether the file system meets specific security requirements.


Humans are able to recognize their friends in the general image of a person, the environment, or the event.

overall we argue that Facebook should reconsider its threat model and re-evaluate the security measures taken against it.


Probabilistic theorems su.er from some errors; therefore, we must verify whether this error is critical.

?, (logq)/ |q| is constant regardless of the e length of redundancy bits.


In Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2005.

they proposed an anonymous e-ticket system that relies on physically unclonable functions (PUFs) [54] and an anonymizer, which is either a dedicated hardware device or a software running on a mobile computing device.


3.5 Ethical Considerations and Due Diligence The technical methodology of our project is straightforward.

generic rootkit detection for embedded devices using parasitic embedded machines.


For these experiments, we used the lmbench micro-benchmark [19].

although providing useful security solutions, existing MAC systems do not explicitly address the problem of application identi.cation.


Let, ß denote the number of times the obligations in Bi and b needs to be unrolled.

4.4.1 Finite Cascading Obligation In this special case of cascading obligation, we consider that the policy is written in a way that the maximum number of new obligations incurred by a single obligation is bounded by a constant (see appendix A).


In addition to the consequences of the attacks, we also discuss the effectiveness of proposed mitigation mechanism, namely, digitally signing and verifying ITS messages in real-time.

as unreliable as the wireless channel is, a party suspected liable cannot argue the omission of such warning messages as a defense.


Combine this technology with les- sons from the distributed crypto-cracking[4] and other "wide-scale cooperative computing[5] projects and you have large-scale password cracking, mobile-agent intrusion tools, "robotic" automated intrusion worms and the like.

almost all multi-site problems remain beyond our grasp.


It discussed the possible manipulation of the IDS training process so that the normal space of an IDS is gradually moved to include attack packets.

unlike substitution, the decryption key for XOR is the same as the encryption key, and can be stored in a straight forward manner.


tion with their ability to support changing application requirements over time.

to copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c A .exible and extensible security policy engine, which permission and/or a fee.


Proceedings of Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium, 2002.

recently, using di.erential privacy was proposed by Fienberg et al.


The sensors are cheap, small devices with battery and memory constraints and little computation power.

forgery attack can be occurred in following manner.


We propose contextual analysis techniques that analyze bytes surrounding the bytes matching the proposed signature to determine whether these matched bytes indeed correspond to a buffer over.ow attack.

the minimal number of times the attack pattern is repeated is assumed to be 1, 2, 3 or 10, and the stack size tested is 2Mbytes, 16Kbytes, or 8Kbytes.


Such vulnerabilities allow attackers to read memory locations dynamically at runtime, thus learn exactly how code has been randomized.

1 recv(socket, buf, input); 2 rv = (*funcptr)(); 3 send(socket, &rv, length);  In the above example, the attacker can use a buffer over.ow to overwrite a function pointer.


A Key Pre-Distribution Scheme for Secure Sensor Networks Using Probability Density Function of Node Deployment Takashi Ito, Hidenori Ohta, Nori Matsuda, and Takeshi Yoneda Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Information Technology R & D Center 5-1-1 Ofuna, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8501, Japan {takashim,hidenori,norim,tyone}@iss.isl.melco.co.jp ABSTRACT Pairwise key establishment is a fundamental service provided in secure sensor networks.

technical report, NAI Labs, September 2000.


They model obligations and privileges which combine sub jects, actions, and roles including a model of role hierarchies.

we have also described a reasonable, more concrete system in our meta-model and outlined an algorithm for checking the accountability of states in that system.


Review of Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing.

standard symmetric or public key encryption guarantees message privacy in a strong cryptographic sense, but it requires cumbersome mechanisms to exchange symmetric keys or distribute public keys.


Recalculate the row index for each line segment by minimizing the  average distance to adjacent binary horizontal edge points.

(a) Gradient image of the challenge image shown in Figure 1(c).


We do not assume that these functions are injective: on the contrary, subject to typing constraints, the same keys should be used to protect many shared variables.

we develop a uniform language-based model of security, ranging from computational non-interference for probabilistic programs down to standard cryptographic hypotheses.


with the approach described in this section, one could have an unlimited number of hierarchies with no e.ciency loss.


PhD thesis, Stanford University, CA, 2009.

moreover, ServiceOS s Word version did not use any user prompts to enable macros it no longer needs to restrict remote documents in any way since they are already isolated according to their owner.


It detects attacks by using pre-identified intrusion signatures.

their follow up work [10] gives a new gray box anomaly detection technique called execution graph, which only accepts system call sequences consistent with the program control flow graph.


When a packet transmission is detected, WiFire analyzes the signal and checks whether a rule in the stored ruleset matches.

as this concept is applicable to a variety of wireless technologies and scenarios, we expect that a number of additional ideas will come up on applications and uses for WiFire.


When iget .nishes and returns, a TDP page fault will occur because the jump target is not present in the main realm.

proposed a differential analysis method by comparing two execution traces, one from Ether and the other one from QEMU [22].


While such methods can ensure the integrity of the injected code, they cannot ensure the integrity of the data that is provided to them by a potentially compromised OS.

time skew introduced by trapping the guest into the hypervisor has also been e.ectively countered in prior research by altering the guest s access to hardware time sources [9], although external time sources could still be available to the malware if network access is allowed.


We apply an .ows associated with it from GF (h).

for focused hitters we .nd that they tend to send tens or hundreds of .ows to each gray host, which indicate that these focused hitters are likely unaware of the destinations becoming gray hosts.


Security underpinning of the framework is formed by complying to the relevant protection mechanism design principles proposed by Saltzer et al.

this signal handling thread would not be con.ned in it usage of the system call interface.


UCAj,i : Usrj -2Capi , a function mapping each user in the j-th domain to a set of capabilities.

the i-th domain (for each i) has a server that manages RBAC permissions by ACLbased access control mechanism with two matrices specifying URAi and RP Ai.


In 2000, a disgruntled employee, gained unauthorized access into a compromised management system in Australia [1].

the remainder of this extended abstract includes a brief overview of SCADA systems (Section 2).


Second, an internal function does not support the ability to examine a suspended system, creating possible inconsistencies and resulting in the inability to mitigate external e.ects.

a pro.le may consist only of the last view as-is, but may also contain accumulated information from a series of consecutive views of a system run.


[40] S. Jha, L. Kruger, and V. Shmatikov.

the client could have created s in an arbitrary fashion, without necessarily encrypting a value r that it knows.


INTRODUCTION The problem of ordering task executions, or task scheduling, has been extensively investigated under thermal constraints or performance concerns [2,5] (Note that task scheduling and task ordering are sometimes considered two di.erent things.

all co-optimal solutions whose (errk, covk, latk) fall in the same bin are considered to be close to each other and are merged together.


Disabling the Start menu provides a great inconvenience to the user and the user still can run any application from its icon on the desktop.

[25] Ernst, M., Klupsch, S., Hauck, O., and Huss, S. A., Rapid Prototyping for Hardware Accelerated Elliptic Curve Public-Key Cryptosystems, 12th IEEE Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping, Monterey, CA, June 2001.


In addition, when an employee leaves the company, all accounts and access rights of this employee are automatically deleted, thus greatly reducing security risks (See also figure 2).

enterprise-wide "business roles" must be defined and implemented which can be unequivocally mapped to jobs, organisational units etc.


2 3.2 Policy base template instantion for the protection of XML sources Inthissection,weshowhowtheXMLpolicybasetemplatecanbeinstantiatedfortheprotectionofXMLsources.

vpt =Ve[Vaisasetofnodesrepresentingelements  ptptandattributetypes.Inparticular,vVpthasaunique directchild,belongingtoVewhichmodelsasecu pt,ritypolicyspecifcation.Suchnodehasfveattributes whosespecifcationisgiveninTable1.


This way has a difficulty in the part of virtual emulator that could run malicious codes and also it has a weakness in demanding much time for malicious code detection.

the method of detecting malicious codes proposed in this paper is based on evaluating conceptual graph expression for script source codes and concept pattern matching.


One approach to resource assignment would be to uniformly distribute the critical resource among all credit classes.


We describe a process called covert .ltering whereby the image database can be continually refreshed with drawings that are known to have a high success rate for humans, by inserting randomly into the captcha new images to be evaluated.

we implemented the same SVM, which creates feature vectors based on spatial edge detection histograms.


2.1 Hypervisor Isolation Runtime Our .rst component the hypervisor isolation runtime  is designed to safely isolate or con.ne the privileged hosted hypervisor so that even it is compromised, our host can still be protected.

as long as we stay inside the isolation runtime, this critical state becomes write-protected.


if the signal strength is low, which Algorithm: PDRSS Detect Jam {PDR(N): N .


The form augmentation component averaged 197ms, though we think this component can be further optimized.

tamperProof tackles the problem for dynamically generated server-side content.


So, the approaches that will be implemented are: GP rule inference method, which will generate/create new rules in order to cover those situations non contemplated in the current set of rules.

[40] G. Suarez-Tangil, E. Palomar, J. Fuentes, J. Blasco, and A. Ribagorda.


On modeling system-centric information for roleengineering.

finally, Figure 3(c) shows the .nal iteration when the role {p11} is picked and the remaining uncovered area at that point drops to 0 which terminates the algorithm.


On average, only 13% additional capacity is gained with forged CSI in MT.

a client can also acquire an unfairly higher capacity (by 20%) only by reporting forged CSI.


an adversary outputs two messages m0 and m1 and is given a ciphertext c an encryption of either m0 or m1.


Technical Report MSR-TR-2005135, Microsoft, Redmond, WA, October 2005.


This approach enables a client to combine signed security assertions from multiple sources in determining what trust to assign to the instance I and its public key.

nexus authorization logic (NAL): Design rationale and applications.


On the users side it means that they have to obtain KGC s parameters only once and the same holds for onion routers requesting partial secret keys.

337-351 [9] D. Cash, E. Kiltz and V. Shoup.


Technical report, Trust Computing Group, August 2007.

unless speci.ed, the authorization digest and the input/output nonces are not shown in Algorithm 1 -2.


Furthermore, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different component methods in our solution, we create special versions of our recommender by disabling one or more component methods.

in reality, the MAC policy makers in an organization may not know the administrational structure of another organization, making it infeasible to de.ne .ne-grained scopes regarding the latter.


Brute-force techniques for defeating canaries are likely to leave a trace on the target system through application logs or a reduction in performance.

brute force attacks to get the new system call numbers are possible since their number is limited.


, Mi,ju ) and  pi = ..Eval(., (F, i, j1, .

given = t shares no information about s can be learned.


Indeed, to the best of our knowledge these models have been extensively used in the literature, without validation.


In most cases, an e-mail address encapsulates some kind of identity information, i.e., forename or surname.

different OSN capture social interactions around different and sometimes specific themes, i.e., Foursquare s venues.


In signature veri.cation both discrete and continuous distributions are used.

an estimate for a user-independent threshold can be obtained by assuming that the distribution of scores is False Alarm probability (in %) Figure 6: DET plot for signature veri.cation task with skilled forgeries using 16-, 32-, and 64components GMM These results are of the same order as published HMMbased systems, demonstrating the e.ectiveness of Gaussian mixture models for signature veri.cation tasks.


CONCLUSIONS Implementing cryptographic algorithms, either in hardware or software, is not an endeavor for unexperienced developers without in-depth knowledge of side-channel and fault attacks, their combination, and e.ective countermeasures.

as an example, time to execute Algorithm 1 may leak the number of nonzero bits in the private exponent d. More sophisticated algorithms, which can reveal the bits of d, require details of the implementation.


Our goal is to isolate to the extent possible user interaction in different methods as the only independent variable throughout all tests.

insertion Attack: a realistic and powerful attack, whereby the adversary inserts itself into the protocol as a group member.


RELATED WORK In this section, we .rst discuss related work in classifying populated IP addresses (§2.1).

pIPMiner performance is not very sensitive to these thresholds, which we will later show in Figure 6d.


3.2 Example of TMI-based policy enforcement As a concrete example of using a TMI reference monitor to enforce authorization policies on client requests, consider Figure5, which shows a snippet of code taken from GradeSheet, a Javabased multi-threaded serverto manage student grades.For ourexperimentsin Section5,we modi.ed GradeSheettomake useofthe object-based STM system DSTM2.

has been ported to use an unmodi.ed DSTM2, for concurrency control only.


Within each pro.le object category, objects are presented.

from an Ease of Use perspective, there was no statistical signi.cance for Fundamentalists (p =0.604).


3 shows the overall architecture of the implementation.

all PUFs researched so far require either ASICs, FPGAs or a microcontroller with external components.


Nowadays you can put a password on your personal documents but that password can easily be cracked [4][5][6].

they will break through password authentication and information will be acquired illegal.


In-process libraries contain an access control component that contains the pattern matching logic necessary to make access decisions.

in our design there is a single, simple way to reflect authentication mechanisms in principal names, and the decision about whether to trust a particular authentication mechanism is made by the reference monitor, not as part of the overall trusted computing base.


our scheme makes use of a particular family of discrete-log rep- resentations, introduced below.


Following the success of the two previous editions, we present this third edition of the workshop which has attracted signi.cantly more submissions and bene.ted from the expertise of an expanded international program committee.

cCS 13, November 4 8, 2013, Berlin, Germany.


Since the mapping from binary hash values into propertybased RIM certi.cates has to be done by the boot loader, no changes of the existing RIM structures and MTM commands are required.

[12] only describes the highlevel approach.


[28] Menahem, E., Rokach, L., and Elovici, Y.

when the proposed NIDS used the OC-PGA classi.er, it did not detect one of the three attacks, and with the 1-SVM classi.er it missed the attacks of all three scenarios.


These results are shown and discussed below.

pUF Reliability(Voltage Supply Variation): We computed the intra-distances for each challenge by comparing responses at one nominal voltage supply (Vdd = .9) and 100 sample responses from the same RO-PUF with a randomly varying voltage supply (mean .1V, standard deviation .33mV) to emulate environmental variations.


Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques.

numbers in bold show the most e.cientTMIvariantfor each server.


As the research .eld matures, we feel it is time to step back and take stock of some of the central questions in role mining.

the above de.nitions all aim for a notion of minimality of the RBAC con.guration.


We first crawl the web pages of URLs submitted to PhishTank that have not yet been verified as phish.

we also saw that people realized a site was phish after seeing the same site for the third or fourth time.


General privacy concern of an untrusting controller: The general privacy concern of an untrusting controller j is denoted as pcj .

indicate how much you like the trust level feature ), understanding (e.g.


The reason is that PSO-RBFN canbetterdealwithvariations in a user s touch behavior compared to other selected classi.ers in this experiment.

it is visible that the values of touch pressure are di.erent varying with di.erent users.


In what follows, we give a brief summary of the results that are used as building blocks in this paper (a more detailed version can be found in Section 3.1).

suppose that, for instance, access to the Secret level permits access to a certain area RS.


We take our evaluation against both Android application developers and Stowaway s API fuzzing results as evidence that the mapping produced by PScout is fairly complete.

not all 31 mappings are necessarily incorrect.