ref.name; Replace(ref , access ) end ;; CreateNode and Replace are primitive operations in JunGL.

we can use the C# implementation of the jungle graph in our F # programs and vice versa.


That is, it must either be null or its data .eld must be equal to d.The set of all objects satisfying either of these conditions is encoded by the relational expression (null + data.d).

¯ F(if (c) S1 else S2, (Eu , Eo))= F¯(S1, (Eu , Eo)) UF¯(S2, (Eu , Eo)) Loops: Loops are abstracted by successively abstracting the body and joining each new abstraction with the abstraction of previous iterations.


Finally, we average over the remaining values.

the way language independency is realised in the replication framework does not have to be the same one as in the middleware.


Both SpecHint and TIP approaches demonstrate that it is fully feasible to speculate future I/O accesses in time and reveal this information to the underlying .le system to fetch data in advance.

this section addresses the challenges in generating accurate future I/O references, preserving correct program behavior, and handling necessary synchronizations.


Isolating cause-e.ect chains from computer programs.

we have also shown that the time required to perform our approach is reasonable in a debugging context.


Automated veri.cation of concurrent linked lists with counters.

this technique can require an exponential (and in the presence of cycles, potentially unbounded) number of clones to be created.


Most of the metrics related to these practices could be objectively and automatically assessed.

prior attempts at automating such metrics collection had been met with resistance, and as discussed previously the company had to rely on self-reporting.


Patterns for gaining di.erent perspectives.

during the classroom presentation of their running system the refresh of both textual and graphical representations of the model did indeed work (as required in the assignment criteria), so we take a look at what happens when the observer gets his update-message: Observations on the Observer Pattern Page 6 Fig.


We call this optimization in-place task creation andit eliminatesboththe memory allocation in step 1 and the copy operation in step 3.

when aprocess becomes idle, it combines the votes from its two children with its own vote and passes the vote to its parent in the tree.


Context and Approach Before .eshing out the typestate-oriented programming paradigm in section 3, we consider the historical context and alternative approaches to the problems described in the introduction.

lorenzo Bettini, Sara Capecchi, and Ferruccio Damiani.


[15] S. Liang, P. Fodor, H. Wan, and M. Kifer.

the right plot in Figure 1 for the running example shows that the space usage of v-and s-topdown is much smaller than v-bottomup and s-bottomup, respectively.


that evaluation of well-typed expressions cannot go wrong.

4.3 Type inference From here on, we restrict our attention to source language expressions, i.e.


For instance, Figure 8 de picts a cumulative wait-wakeups scenario in which the order of two write system calls to the same stream determines what a matching read would observe.

races are independent of one another, so these operations can be easily done in parallel on multiple machines to speed them up signi.cantly.


8.2 Experience The number of recovery plans generated for failed traces of FV and FC is shown in Table 1.


CONCLUSION A simple scheduling algorithm is proposed as a reference for HCCA in IEEE 802.11e standard.

before arbitrary station using HCCA transmits frames requiring parameterized QoS, HCCA con.gures a virtual connection called Tra.c Stream with the AP.


Unintentionally, we joined the principle of COMMAND and STRATEGY patterns [Gamma et al.

the most disadvantages of this design pattern are: ) A hard design that needs a lot of classes; a FSM with n states and m events, we need (n+m) classes to design all events and states in addition to the classes Context, Event and State; even if extending the abstract class State is not necessary in some situations. )


The details of the computation of [SCC1 S (h1)] are depicted inside boxes in the trees of Fig.

it does not take advantage of the information about the .ow of values provided by intermediate representations such as SSA or GSA.


5.3 Domain Types The resource control model supports trusted domains that have unlimited access to certain types of resources.

the supervisor will be eventually scheduled by the JVM, and be able to remove malicious domains.


Simply reusing a general dictionary cannot get the .eld-speci.c information, or even be detrimental to client software tools [2].

multiD uses the terms in the level I dictionary to correct them.


An opensource implementation of MapReduce called Hadoop [3] has been widely adopted, and a language layer, PigLatin [14], was added to Hadoop to hide the complexity of programming the MapReduce interfaces directly.

databases are a better solution for most transaction-processing workloads.


4.2 EDP Algorithm As shown in Figure 8, the speedup-gains vary widely across different applications.

hard-costs is roughly 550 cycles when reconfiguring one logical core.


With collaboration, precision improves to 90%, while recall drops accordingly.

[21] H. Misra, S. Ikbal, H. Bourlard, and H. Hermansky.


Moreover, since almost all of the run-time cost of propagation lies in the call-graph construction, only the .rst execution incurs notable run-time cost on the analysis pipeline; subsequent executions of propagation are fast.


Such transparency in message handling reduces programming overhead and complexity of implementing distributed systems, while the uni.ed group communication access allows developers to join groups with di.erent communication scopes without additional e.ort.

client applications based on libhamcast (a C++ interface Mcast uses the much thread-based and event-based programming.


the views explicitly label the data that each lock protects, and our view compiler provides static assurances that the code never accesses protected .elds without holding an appropriate view.


Then, let us explore the e.ectiveness of adaptive mutex lock.

aCKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank our shepherd Ana Varbanescu and the anonymous reviewers for making suggestions that improved this paper.


Theextendedversionof our paper [32] has appendices with the proofs of the four theorems stated in this paper;wehave omittedtheproofsinthisversionduetospace constraints.

in this problem we are given a graph G, an integer K and a partial function .


and the trade-off between automated and manual testing.

once the efficient points on the frontier have been reached, the only way of getting more automated test cases is to reduce manual testing.


[12] F. Irigoin, P. Jouvelot, and R. Triolet.

by clustering individual statements into larger clusters a bottom-up approach is taken, resulting in relatively .ne-grained threads that for their ef.cient execution require a tightly-coupled architecture with special thread and communication support.


The initial evaluation has demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of the quantitative indicators to pinpoint whether a model composition algorithm was (or not) properly chosen.

we are concerned with investigating how certain model decompositions, such as aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) [11], lead to lower or higher effort to detect conflicts in output models.


All of the studies, however, either examine the meaning of developer activity metrics or relate them to reliability.

practitioners can use these observations to prioritize security fortification efforts or to consider organizational changes among developers.


In subsequent work [8], Daniel and colleagues presented a symbolic-analysisbased repair technique that overcomes some of the limitations of ReAssert (e.g., its ineffectiveness in the presence of conditional control .ow).

how often do test repairs require complex modi.cations of the tests?


More on the Shadow Heap A shadow object in the collector con- tains only the reference data fields of the corresponding mutator object 1, though of course they point to other shadow objects rather than mutator objects.

the placement of these counter updates is similar to the placement of thread-yield points in non- preemptive multithreaded systems.


Six out of 40 respondents found that they receive irrelevant event noti.cations.

76 of our 119 respondents identi.ed themselves as contributors, 28 were component leads, nine were development managers and six were project administrators.


In total, we ran experiments between 10 pairs of hosts.

figures 7 and 8 contain the histograms for each pair of hosts for bandwidth (7), and round trip time (8).


For example, arrays may be loaded from a.le with unknown size or problem sizes may be determined by acommand line parameter defeating any static approach.

we have implemented a simple shape specialization method that inlines the array dimensions where possible, suchas in address calculations from array subscripts.


For the UA to be proper, the af.ne form corresponding to the original constraint aj x + bj should be expressible as a positive sum of the replacement TVPI vectors: aj,1x1 + j j j,1 j,2 j j j,1 aj,2x2 +aj,3x3 +bj = .0 +.

it will be seen in Sections 7.1 that for practical purposes, s is a small constant (little more than 4) and relatively independent of n. TVPI-UA For a system described as above, each of the TVPI-UA methods (given in Sections 4.1 and 4.2) replace a non-TVPI () 1aj 1 constraint aj with the same number of 2 = Jaj J(Jaj J-1)/2 TVPI constraints.


Other forms of video: We have studied the interaction between VOD workloads and ICN because it is the dominant form of Internet video used today.

for many common ICN routing strategies (e.g., shortest path to servers [23,47]) the routing table does not need to be updated.


These benchmarks are described in Table 3.

table 1 lists the optimizations controlled by the regressor at each optimization level.


A set relationship relates a parent feature with a set of child features using group cardinalities.

we could get information about why the carrier cannot be selected assisting the user on repairing the problem, i.e.


CFA2: Pushdown Flow Analysis for Higher-Order Languages.

we ensure that =is an equivalence relation: (re.)


For that, ACDC-C implements a logical notion of time that advances whenever a con.gurable amount of memory called the time quantum has been allocated.

we extend the model with the type distribution discussed in Section 3.


These interfaces are the only way to access a component's functionality, such as its operations or its state, from outside the component, hence enforcing the principle of information hiding.

component type checking works on the compiler level.


It is straightforward to add such constructs.

for example, composing complex arithmetic with logging arithmetic in different orders would allow one to control whether one logged the calls to complex arithmetic or the calls to the operations used to implement complex arithmetic.


For example, a logistics agent may be responsible for delivering multiple products to a warehouse from sites across a country; it may produce a plan that involves using one truck to do all deliveries, which includes a route plan with time windows for the truck.

advertisements for speci.c tasks (in this scenario, these are transport tasks) are issued and agents as representatives of companies respond to these advertisements.


4.8 Related patterns The SUBSTITUTE HAZARD strategy can be used to implement the ELIMINATE HAZARD strategy.

the harms are restricted to damage to finger instead of arm or another larger body part.


Because of the convergence property, all the random routes from sybil nodes must merge completely once they traverse the attack edge.

all identities created by the malicious users are called sybil identities.


Similar to a hybrid app, a mobile mashup combines reusable components from a large pool of Web APIs.

this is, in fact, the only o.cial communication technique offered by WebWorker API.


3.5 Limiting distractions We designed Crystal to convey important information without being overwhelming or distracting.

this happens, for example, when incorporated and local changesets con.ict.


For Throwables allocated in the Heap, we may successfully add them to the TestResult; however, this may later cause the execution of a test with a context using an NHRT to fail with a MemoryAccessError.

as such, we believe we have shown that it is a valuable and effective approach.


This analysis revealed that most of the memory-bandwidth induced throttling was occurring in GC functions thus pointing at our original GC (call it JGC, a block-based, stop-the-world mark-sweep-compact GC heavily in.uenced by [13, 14] that was originally optimized for Java and relatively low numbers of threads) as a target for replacement.

in ISMM 09: Proceedings of the 2009 international symposium on Memory management, pages 59 68, New York, NY, USA, 2009.


Then the engineer could add some code to the running system a patch that detects that bad situation and repairs it on the fly or otherwise avoids it.

the first line of attack should probably be offline.


Another advantage of using SOAP across the board is that common functionality can be factored among the various higher-level protocols.

it is flexible and designed to be used in a wide variety of security models including PKI, Kerberos, and TLS/SSL.


The .rst instruction of Figure 14 allocates n words in memory and assigns the newly created region to pointer v1.

splitting Required by Symbolic Region Analysis Our symbolic region analysis takes information from instructions that de.ne pointers and instructions that free memory.


LEARNING FEATURES As we highlighted earlier, in Section 2, the choice of which features to map a security witness to has important bearing on the overall quality of the .ltering algorithm.

the bar graphs in Figures 5 and 6 depict precision and recall information for the different classi.ers, again given 100 and 200 classi.ed instances respectively.


This open problem which, we resolve here, explicitly appears in several previous works on point location, for examplein[7]: Taking this in a di.erent direction, suppose that the query distribution is not known at all.

a best possible bound for the weighted path length of binary search trees.


Programming frameworks impose a control-.ow pattern on applications.

for example, phone applications should not send SMS or access to paying services unless it is part of their nominal behaviour.


This is done automatically by rating each pattern candidate with a percental value that relates the number of constraints satis.ed by a candidate to the total number of constraints in the corresponding pattern speci.cation.

we developed a pattern detection approach that integrates a static, structural analysis with a subsequent, dynamic runtime behavior analysis.


Above 128MB all benchmarks are included.

the problem with machine learning techniques is that they are highly dependent on training data to be representative and to have broad coverage.


Moreover, we consider database-access schemes using more complex functions de.ned on graphs.

our proofs do not require the heavy mathematical machinery utilized by [DMT07, DY08].


Quickcheck: a lightweight tool for random testing of haskell programs.

in contrast to the work above, we evolve patches to the defective program as individuals rather than evolving variations on the programs as a whole.


We also identi.ed three styles of visiting experiences: closely connected, loosely connected and independent.

we use shared spatial and informational environments, supporting sharing of concrete or literal spatial experiences through to abstract or symbolic informational ones.


This operator behaves syntactically like the sequential composition operator, but operationally has some key differences.

for this we turned to the Orc domain-speci.c language for our inspiration [MC07, KQCM09].


of the Nineteenth Annual Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA 04), pages 35 49, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Oct. 2004.

using JTL, both the selection of services (methods) and the selection of modules (classes) can be more easily expressed.


By Lemma 3.6, gv(S) returns a consistent vector.

the time complexity of a snapshot implementation is the maximum number of steps taken by any process for the execution of a SCAN or an UPDATE.In an n-process snapshot implementation from single-writer registers, the time complexity of SCAN is O(n)since all n registers must be read.


Our NET scheme delivers prediction quality that is comparable to a path profile based scheme at only a fraction of the cost.

we use Ball and Larus paths as a basis for our path definition but extend it to the interprocedural case: An interprocedural forward path starts at the target of a backward taken branch and extends up the next backward taken branch.


The input spaces of these functions are the same and equal to the cross product of the ranges for ID and FD variables and the con.guration variables.

for each objective function and for each partition, we use the exploration results to build a surrogate model [17] based on supervised learning techniques [38].


For example, a user who wants her server software to produce an average response time of 50 milliseconds is left clueless, when the default con.guration reaches only 100 milliseconds.


This structure triggers cache block-granular installation instructions (dcbz) when an initializ-ing store miss is identified.

given page sizes of 4MB or 16MB, directly installing an entire page into cache is not feasible.


Other food-related ontologies include LanguaL [6], an international framework for food description originally developed by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) under the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the FAO-related INFOODS Guidelines for Describing Foods [9] is a systematic approach to describing foods, designed to facilitate international exchange of food composition data.

this autonomy has the potential of compromising information privacy or effecting severe damage to operations (e.g., through buggy or malicious code).


5.4 Discussion and micro-architectural suggestions For experimental results in this section, it would be desirable to have some potential or upper-bound DVFS numbers, and show how far our results are from these upper-bound numbers.

like k0 in (3), k1 and k2 in the above are constant coef.cients which depend on machine con.gurations and can be estimated empirically and reset at the installation time of a dynamic compiler.


If the thief determines that the victim no longer has work available, it can abort its current steal operationand moveontoadi.erent victim.

pGAS models provide the programmer with a convenient, partitioned global view of memory across all nodes in the computation, with e.cient one-sided access to data on remote nodes.


CONCLUSION Fault-based approach has been widely used in generating test cases for testing Boolean expressions.

we can conclude from the above results that the Strategy 1 is a slightly worse than Strategy 2 with respect to the number of test cases in the Final Test Suite.


We consider these questions further below, in Section 7.

we need to de.ne metaproperty pointcuts and join points.


The main advantage is that each kind of speci.cation is weak where the other is strong.

the case that this problem will be increasingly important in the future, and to explore ways that speci.cation languages might become increasingly useful.


Typechecking and modules for multimethods.

iTC on RectMod fails, because the global-default requirement is not satis.ed for its external function print.If print had a case with, for example, pattern (Shape {}), then the requirement would be satis.ed and the completeness problem for Circle would be avoided.


For an ambiguous program, all operator names belonging to ambiguous operator applications are immediately highlighted in red.

it is only necessary to type-check the definition and the applications of a macro, not the expanded expressions, which implies that the expansion cannot produce unexpected errors.


Software Design: to provide a design for the software that implements and can be veri.ed against the requirements  Software Construction (Code and Unit Test):to produce executable software units that properly re.ect the software design.

despite their importance in practice, QATs are not usually represented in detail in software development process models.


Here we consider some possible encodings.We can attempttoexpress parallel conjunction in terms of parallel choice using the following strategy.We mark each expression with its originating position in the conjunction; aftermakingaparallel choice betweenthetwomarkedexpressions, we can determine which result to return.

7.3 Parallel Tuples For our .rst transformation, we revisit an earlier example: datatype tree = Lf of int | Nd of tree * tree fun trProd (Lf i) = i | trProd (Nd (tL, tR)) = op* (|trProd1 tL, trProd1 tR|) Afuture is created for each element of the parallel tuple, except the .rst.


Given the scale and complexity of a system of systems, how is the coverage or completeness of an analysis or evaluation method determined?

just 12 venues account for 104 of the published papers, as shown in Table 1, with each of the other 83 venues having just 1 or 2 published papers.


For example, while the KVM memory system does allow the use of large preallocated pages via the HugeTLBfs mechanism, it contains other features such as a single lock on the VM s memory management layer requiring that operations in the nested page fault handler be serialized.

we analyzed the behavior of each VMMs virtualized memory architecture.


The state of Ec does not changeby theposition updates sentby Eb, so Ec remainsin state session coordinator.


This restriction is necessary as an a.ne descent would require knowledge of the runtime range to evaluate.

to have any practical utility, we must be able to use it to synthesise a practical and e.cient program.


Strong constraints can cause availability problems.

all possible system states of an access control system consist of an authorization state space.


However, changes to these relations are realistic since companies might trade objects.

furthermore, the monitoring algorithm scales well with respect to the event frequency.


Transformations in Stratego are written in a language speci.c to the Stratego system and different from the source language being transformed, unlike Honu or other macro languages.

iNTRODUCTION An extensible programming language accommodates additions to the language without requiring those additions to be adopted by a standardization committee, approved by a core set of implementors, or imposed on all users of the language.


In case a class acts as a behavioral God class [20] initiating requests for services to the rest of the system it will obtain a high hub value, while in case it acts as a Data Structure God class receiving messages, it will obtain a high authority value.

conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'03), Portland, Oregon, USA, May 2003.


We set the access permission of the domain of a guest OS to no access in the virtual application mode.

we can improve it by adopting a smaller time quantum.


Figure 4 shows the number of constraints that were generated in this manner.

fastTrack and Goldilocks report only one of two siblings.


The NSA in particular triggered a .urry of research after some initial enthusiasm [9], which however was soon replaced by skepticism about its computational cost [15, 28] and generalization capabilities, leading to its demise in the .eld of AIS.

no other jobs were run on the machine at the same time such that cores were close to 100% occupied by the experiments.


More specifically, the Categories table includes the various news categories, visible to our application and the Articles table contains the news articles.

the specific  tag must be represented as a data unit and not as an index unit.


In essence, this single .le object has the methods of two distinct classes during these different phases of its use.

it relies heavily on inef.cient re.ection.


In fact, when considering the cost this way, the overall costs of mildly disordered data seems too high.

after searching the tail elements, before adding another run, we would first binary search the head elements, which would naturally be in order, for a place to put the element.


We discuss below some of the key aspects of the literature that we have reviewed.

every player has ultimate responsibility for its own resources.


The class imbalance problem: A systematic study.

there are also some criticisims to the f-measure metric as it does not take into the T N (negative cases).


LTL model checking of an FTS with n features against a property f with our algorithm is O(|FTS|.2|f|+nlog9).

intuitively, they execute without a memory of the decisions taken.


Anewinstanceof acomponentisonly created the .rsttimeit was added to the form.

these restrictions collide with several code transformations performed by the AspectJ weaver[8].HotWave1reliesonseveral workaroundsinorderto support at least part of the features of AspectJ, such as static joinpointinstances[23,24].HotWave1supports neither around() advice nor static cross-cutting(i.e., aspectsthatperform structural modi.cationsof classes,such asinserting extra .elds).


use high-level requirements artifacts (NFR models) to decide on the best architecture alternative.

figure 1 illustrates the relationships between RE and AD as well as the main kinds of artifacts that are used in our approach.


Women s organizations and non-profit groups offered another arena in which it was possible to work towards democratic change.

as comments below allude to, mishaps may occur along the way.


Thus, the EAGLE project was a demonstration project with a large research component and was not expected to result in a production-ready software application.

the teams have found it easier, and more practical, for the domain scientists and engineers to learn how to write software than for software engineers to learn all of the relevant science or engineering concepts.


As shown in Table 1, MOBB with an MLIT of 11.66 ms outclasses SOBB with an MLIT of 13.15 ms by 11.4%.

our experiments showed that adding delay between our substrates increased the MLIT, the TSP and the TSR.


This analysis is automated and uses unambiguous metrics.

the similar levels of commit, .le and hunk coverage is consistent with broadly similar handling of bug .x commits between ours and theirs.


To some extent, the legal view has been taken into account in designs as encryption and safety requirements.

depending on the usage scenario, certain components may not be needed.


The basic communications API of the framework provides means to address and communicate with individual .ockrs by means of remote objects references.

"); In response to the sendToAll messsage, Urbi.ock inserts a tuple in the TOTAM framework of which scope is the badminton-CouplesFlock.


The function Annotate decorates an unannotated term with annotation variables.

we believe that our system is somewhat simpler.


ThereJbre, we explicitly ask the workshop participants to point out other industrial or semi-commercial cases that will provide better coverage of all the characteristics.

case-studies are ideally suited for investigating novel techniques which yet have to prove their value.


23 8.3% 7 *Where is the value of this .eld set?

the data in Table 2 also shows the programmers used some queries more than once that are not supported by JDT.


[5] Mori, G., Paternò, F., Santoro, C. Tool Support for Designing Nomadic Applications, in Proc.

tHE WIZARD APPLICATION 3.1 Motivations and hypotheses Two main elements have led us to develop this wizard.


Currently, the data exchange quality is very close to a 100%, of which 70%-100% is fully parametric feature-based, depending on project type (di.erent projects use di.erent modeling techniques and features).

there are many interesting conceptual, algorithmic and implementational details that have not been discussed.


Recalling the three major costs paid to enjoy multithreading benefits, one can see that with JADE model thread creation and deletion happens rarely, because agents are rather long lived software objects.

when a behaviour must be executed, the guard is checked; if it is true, the body and the transition are executed in sequence, else another behaviour is executed and this behaviour is blocked until the guard becomes true.


In the case where the information is not being generated on the PNDs, this phase can be very short.

when the data is generated on the devices, this period can be much longer, and indeed the aggregation and processing of the raw data may be concurrent with the other phases.


3.3 A Device Aware Log Block FTL Scheme As the capacity of SSD rapidly increases, memory requirement for the address mapping table is a burden to FTL schemes.

we examined the error rate of different striping group size as a function of P/E cycles and ensure the same level of reliability with RAID-5 for the entire lifetime of flash devices with minimum space overhead.


We perform a quantitative analysis of project success of over 5,000 open source software projects hosted on GitHub, a website that provides extensive social media functionality.

when social networks cross boundaries: a case study of workplace use of facebook and linkedin.


To enforce this alternate order, Portend preempts the thread that did the .rst racing access (Ti) in the primary execution and allows the other thread (Tj ) involved in the race to be scheduled (line 6).

this code has racing accesses to the global variable id.


One strategy to achieve this aim could be the use of either UML or Simulink whenever the underlying software best fits a certain model.

the three threads were mapped to the same processor, which was defined through a deployment diagram.


Tracing the meta-level: PyPy s tracing JIT compiler.

our approach requires only minimal mechanical transformations that are independent of the interpreted programming language (e.g., Python or JavaScript) to generate a highly e.cient interpreter.


Requirements are represented in the form of goals in GORE.

a potential cloud user faces numerous risks regarding service requirements, cost implications of failure and uncertainty about cloud providers ability to meet service level agreements.


On average, across inputs using both Jlnline and JProf improves perfor- mance by 9% (15% for perfect information (same-input)).

the first and third bars are the same-input and cross-input results when JProf off-line profiles are used to guide method optimiza- tion (presented previously).


Loose coupling and shared-nothing architecture make Map-Reduce/GFS clusters highly scalable.

parallel Database Systems: The Future of High Performance Database Systems.


Moreover, an appropriate result visualization makes searching more e.cient.

developers usually work with the textual representation of source code and, thus, have di.culties in expressing their queries as fragments of abstract syntax trees and in interpreting the results.


Consequently, the user can only explore a few points in an ad hoc fashion.

4.1 Reuse classes As discussed in Subsection 2.3, ARCHES run time depends on the per-timestep run time and number of timesteps required to reach a steady state.


Then, to make experimentations on the designed object, a program of the conceptual design of inner behaviors is indispensable to avoid real experimentations on the given object by allowing simulations (virtual experimentations).

categories and Subject Descriptors: D.1.5 [Object-oriented Programming] General Terms: Design, Verifcation Additional Key Words and Phrases: Design patterns, STAT E pattern, fnite state machines, maintainability 1.


Executable object modeling with statecharts.

the exception does not a.ect the behavior of the servlet container: Tomcat runs correctly and succeeds in loading the other deployed applications.


Averest: Speci.cation, veri.cation, and implementation of reactive systems.

[7] K.Compton and S.Hauck.Recon.gurable computing: Asurvey of systems and software.


Again, we consider such a block only a candidate if it cross-cuts at least 8 locations.

the largest transaction had 1235 blocks.


These tools still represent the majority, and allow greater flexibility in the development of applications for a wide range of needs.

but an extension was not found in these models [11] to represent georeferenced content.


If no failure is found, we move to the next sub-value of cex and continue.

the total number of Int16 values, and execution time for counterexample discovery and shrinking.


The reader interested in the di.erences and similarities of discrete-time and continuous-time Markov chains can consult [11] for further information.

in the context of this paper only continuous-time SAN will be considered, but discrete-time SAN can also be employed without any loss of generality.


Table 6: Fault slip through to customer Should to Did detect Percentage found by Customer Rev 15.27 BT 63.88 FT 6.94 ST 11.11 CST 1.85 FOA 0.00 Customer 0.92 Looking at the problems found by the customer (as shown in Table 6) we can see that a high percentage of slip through is from Basic testing and Reviews.

the practitioners suggested to use TTCN for FT only as it has following strengths: Ability to test multiple protocols: is a major strength of TTCN over other testing frameworks.


This approach has many drawbacks, such as ambiguity and unfeasibility of the automation of the SLA s evaluation.

sLAs require non-ambiguous descriptions.


From the EFC viewpoint, the open module mechanism is weak because it does not crosscut multiple classes.

a pointcut designator selects a set of program points.


Experimental Results In order to evaluate the relative costs of universal and sparse labeling, we developed three different language implementations.

let y = ref true in let z = ref true in if x then y := false else skip; if !y then z := false else skip; !z When this function is applied to con.dential boolean data, the rule [U-ASSIGN-BAD] permits both of the following evaluations: Ø, Ø, (f trueH ) .L [ay := falseH ,az := trueL], trueL Ø, Ø, (f falseH ) .L [ay := trueL,az := falseL], falseL the function f leaks the value of its con.dential argument (labeled with H) into its public result (labeled with L).


We eventually migrated to a handles-based approach for strings.

this .xed buffer size approach had problems.


Companies that provide tools for system software, or embedded software vendors tend to focus more on supporting C/C++.

test cases that can drive testing efforts independent of any testing tools are not available to the testers.


If the mutated value falls outside the bounds of the variable, its value is reset to its lower or upper limit.

as the theory indicates, the .ndings also show that there do exist test data generation scenarios for which the evolutionary approach is ideally suited.


In general, the eLecture integration into Second Life polls worse than the compared version for the learning platform Stud.IP.

instead of costly physical robots, the students programmed intelligent behaviors ofgame characters, in our story escaped laboratory mice and their hunter.


N+ is a tree of height a, in which every internal node in level i (for i .

let L be the level of the leaf corresponding to the name returned by the getName-call in p s entry-section.


SODA: An Optimizing Scheduler for Large-scale Stream-based Distributed Computer Systems.

without an ef.cient work.ow management system, it may result in uneven computation loads among different work.ow processing resources, and in the pathological case, it could cause signi.cant delays in delivering key scienti.c results for the stragglers.


The extra waits are the price to pay for the added portability and hardware independence of SoulPad.

sluggish performance due to high network latencies and exposures in the X security model limited this approach.


Applying Fixed Priority Scheduling in Practice Raimondas Lencevicius, Alexander Ran Nokia Research Center 5 Wayside Road, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Raimondas.Lencevicius@nokia.com Alexander.Ran@nokia.com Categories and Subject Descriptors D.4.1 [Process Management]: Scheduling.D.4.8 [Performance].

when we tried to apply this research in our real-world situation, we discovered a number of problems described below.


In the following subsections, we address this and a few other implementation issues.

for INT benchmarks, the initial profile obtained with a retranslation threshold of 2000 has the similar prediction accuracy to that by the training input, while for FP benchmarks, the initial profile with a retranslation threshold of 500 is sufficient to achieve the similar prediction accuracy by the training input.


The simplest is to use a .xed time interval (e.g., 200ms) for each lease.

our experimental prototype, IndexFS, has demonstrated a .fty percent to two orders of magnitude improvement in the metadata performance over several cluster .le systems including PVFS, HDFS, Lustre, and Panasas s PanFS.


R2 = 0.96; the F observed value is 250 >> the 99% probability (.1 = 3, .2 = 21) .

now you can build and use a CFPbased effort estimation model.


For but one example, UPC s memory model is coherent and relies on a global total ordering for strict accesses.

most onesided programming models share similar ordering and data consistency semantics.


Schobbens, P. Heymans, J.-C. Trigaux, and Y. Bontemps.

calculating the minimal unsatis.able core for propositional logic is hard; it is a coNP problem, and hence, only heuristics-based approaches have been e.ective to deal with it [13].


NeedFeed: Taming Change Noti.cations by Modeling Code Relevance Rohan PadhyeSenthil Mani Vibha Singhal SinhaIBM Research India IBM Research India IBM Research India ropadhye@in.ibm.com sentmani@in.ibm.com vibha.sinha@in.ibm.com ABSTRACT Most software development tools allow developers to subscribe to noti.cations about code checked-in by their team members in order to review changes to artifacts that they are responsible for.

developers who join the project late thus receive noti.cations  Figure 2: Precision, recall and F-Score of change-set relevance prediction at .le-level.


To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing models can give as accurate results as ours with a comparable prediction overhead and we believe that our service is unique in terms of the input requirements, and the practical results it produces.

an optimization technique not relying on historical data in this case must not cause overhead of gathering instant data that is larger than the speed up gained with multiple streams for a particular data size.


Lean is a philosophy based on maximizing value and minimizing waste in the manufacturing process, where it has been successfully applied [2].

the combination of the two approaches provides the following bene.ts: (i) SPLs improve time-to-market, products quality and customer satisfaction building .exible and reusable software systems by maintaining the basis and adding new features to accomplish market needs; (ii) applying VSM, waste is going to be detected and removed in the production .ow so timeto-market will be reduced.


This idea has been implemented in tools like DART [14] and CUTE [31], and is also applied in Microsoft s parametrized unit testing tool PEX [33] or the object-oriented testing framework Symstra [39].

these test cases, however, only check whether the day, month, and year are set correctly, which misses the fact that comparison between LocalDate objects compare the actual value of iLocalMillis.if we mutate the  Figure 3: The µtest process: Mutation analysis, unit partitioning, test generation, oracle generation.


As part of that, it performs, at compile time, folds over the arguments of the constructors, but the results of those folds are not simply returned.

we show that, with appropriate library primitives, generic programming in Template Haskell can be as concise as in other generic-programming systems while maintaining the performance of handwritten code.We have implemented these primitives in the Template Your Boilerplate (TYB) library, which is available at http://hackage.haskell.org/package/TYB.


furthermore, we utilized theTeamCymru service(whois.cymru.com) to retrieve the AS ID and the country information of each peer.


In this section, we focus on how to improve the support of threaded one-sided communication in GASNet.

processes have disadvantages for parallelism within a node, leading to memory overhead due to replication of data and time overhead due to expensive sharing mechanisms, i.e., mmap .les for data sharing or RPC for code sharing.


If compared with some previous works [12] (where more than 10000 lines of code had to be written), these results represent a considerable improvement, and enable easier experimentation with novel P2P streaming approaches.

in alternative if the application is based on a pull protocol, it has to select a set of chunks to be requested to a neighbour, and a neighbour to which the chunks are requested: Two scheduling functions are still needed, but they work in a di.erent way respect to the push schedulers.


Communications of the ACM, 49(12):37 40, 2006.


Same applies to the projects made for the customer.

it will also affect the development culture the company has or should develop.


A combination indicates a pair of code nodes integrated with each other.

recall that the algorithm decides whether it continues or not based on a comparison of EP and XP.


That is, because the input stream is necessarily setting the new current state, it can also be made to provide it directly.

in fact, one notable difference between this version of maestro and the switch-based alternative from earlier is this allInstrs list: the reason that we can write this program at all is because allInstrs can be de.ned statically.


[10] H. K. Jain, H. Zhao, and N. R. Chinta.

the available asset to identify services is the source code.


Once the problem subset is solved, the iterations continue until the full problem is solved.

in the case of semanticspreserving transformations, a type-checking routine is not suf.cient.


Augment the Orchestration Language with a specialized construct that provides quasi-transactional support for orchestration execution.

the majority of people jumping on SOA/Web Services bandwagon ignores orchestration and uses Web Services only for integration purposes (indiscriminately replacing other integration styles [3]), or as an alternative technology for implementing distributed systems.


In order to do this, we have defined another layer called domain-dependent layer.

for example it can traverse the structure of Model (using Model services) and perform some application specific queries.


T (t) is the smallest set satisfying: (1) (I(t), G11(I(t), I(t))) .T (t) (2) (t, b) .T (t)=.

recently, we have implemented an automatic unit checker that is based on the automatic inference of header information based on di.erent aspects of the spatial layout of spreadsheets [1].


Copyright is held by the turing compilers, perhaps because the compiler community was busy inventing new dependence tests to improve on the well-known GCD and Banerjee tests that were in vogue at that time.

they showed how the dif.cult problem of tiling the time loop in Jacobi can be solved by suitable loop transformations.


As part of our future work we plan to conduct a comparative study with an extended space of metrics including additional attribute selection and data mining techniques.

given the fact that only 12% of the methods were bug-prone and a class had on average 13 methods, this is better than chance, i.e., predicting bugs at the .le level.


The addition of dynamic channels means that a channel may be closed and then opened at a different security level, and therefore we need to treat security levels dynamically.

this support for dynamic channels is not present in the formal model of FlowFox [13], and hence no formal guarantees are provided when using this feature.


If this is the case, the contributions to the dynamic slice when these edges are traversed is also known statically and always the same.

moreover this scenario also end of the program run with and without making use of shortcuts represents a realistic use of slicing applications often compute are given in Table 3.


Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Distributed Object Computing (EDOC), IEEE Computer Society, Seattle, WA, USA, 2001, 69-80.

in a modeling project the phases can either be performed in sequential order if the scope of the meta model or the criteria to partition the requirements in viewpoints are unclear at the beginning.


A fault tolerant thread must inherit from FTThread and define an FTStrategy object which will implement the fault tolerant functionality.

the bigger the system is, the greater the benefits are.


INTRODUCTION Since Liu and Layland s seminal work [1] on scheduling algorithms for periodic tasks, several realtime scheduling algorithms have been proposed and analyzed.

thus the average case time complexity of both RM_RCS and EDF_RCS is (0.74*N*log|S|*log|S|).


Also, we give a MDE-based model transformation method to solve, to some degree, the problems and deficiencies existing in SysML SMD.

a SysML SMD model TS.xmi, conforming to its metamodel SMD.ecore, is here transformed into a Uppaal model TS out.xmi which conforms to its meta-model Uppaal.ecore.


Because of computational intractability and undecidability of using highly expressive logics [17], RMLs often formalize only a select class of requirements phenomena, e.g., using various temporal logics, including interval [29], real-time [11] or linear [16] temporal logic, or description logic [5].

towards compliance: extracting rights and obligations to align requirements withregulations.


However, in all these approaches, the conceptual level of evolution in SPLs is viewed as a discrete procedure transforming a variability model into an evolved state.

sPLs and especially SECOs are subject to evolution to adapt to new or changed requirements resulting in di.erent versions of the software family and its variable assets.


refac_rename_var.erl:66: The call cond_check(..., ..., NewName1::atom()) breaks the contract (..., ..., NewName::string()) where one can immediately see that there is something wrong in the last argument of this function; either in the call on line 66 or in the contract of the function (i.e., the -spec declaration that we added).

in our experience, this mode of developing Erlang programs is far from ideal.


Managed Data importsthis approachfromdatabasesintothe coreof aprogramminglanguage.OneofthekeyissueswithRDBMShas beentheproblem ofintegration withexistingprogramming languages.

a source class provides metadata for a user-de.nedgeneration of a new classde.nition.One of the advantages of MorphJ is that the transformations are staticallytyped.using a class as metadatais more restrictivethan other systems which allow arbitrary schema de.nitions.


Sf.The mappingbridges thegap between V.s and V.t by admitting a de.ned degree of inaccuracy.

it is necessary to prove beforehand that the equation if st,in will always yield a feasible st,in is constrained, i.e.


General Terms Algorithms, Experimentation, Measurement, Veri.cation  Keywords Peer-to-peer, Sampling 1 Introduction The popularity and wide-spread use of peer-to-peer systems has motivated numerous empirical studies aimed at providing a better understanding of the temporal and topological properties of deployed peer-to-peer systems.

in Principles of Distributed Computing, 2002.


Redundant computation and process replication [22, 14] areemployedto enhancetheavailabilityand reliabilityofhighperformance computing and mission critical systems.

if signi.cant inter-node sharing exists, it could potentially be used to reduce the actual memory footprint by deduplicating pages based on this sharing.


i=1 To counter Adv2L, the same algorithm is used.

in addition, it can be reasonably expected that keeping certain critical datainanobliviousdatastructurewill makeitforexploitation by an external attack such as a virus.


Agent internal actions e.g., updating the value of local variables with the value of some expressions are executed atomically, so no race condition can occur in the case of reaction execution.

the important point here is that the origin of an action execution chain is always an agent.


As previously seen, it is important to avoid interference between the background copy and the mutators.

several factors should be taken into account.


Fields, Rastislav Bodik, Mark D. Hill, Chris J.

not all of these events contribute to the loss of performance in a program.


We want to say however that our adaptive prefetching algorithm can be used, with appropriate modi.cations, in a CMP based execution environment as well.


[12] S. McIntosh, B. Adams, and A. E. Hassan.

since those subcategories are speci.c to source code changes, we started from Lientz et al.


since NumCommits and NumDevs only represents the number of people and changes, not who is making changes of an unfocused contribution, we add a third, more specific metric to our study: CNBetweenness.


output is a source code hunk pair: the left hunk is composed of the line cor 5mergely.com 6sf.net/projects/dnsjava  responding of the previous method signature the entire line from the revision 1.14.

it highlights the lines deleted from the left .le, the lines added from right .le.


Furthermore, when we want to add the information which is represented as a note in the AUML sequence diagram, we will have to add it to the part somewhere around the line 19 in Fig.2 and around the line 23 in Fig.3 .

*/) { 29 state_ = 4; 30 } else { 31 state_ = 5; 32 } 33 break; 34 case 4: 35 // send message m4 36 ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(); 37 /* create the content of message */ 38 msg.setContent(...); 39 myAgent.send(msg); 40 41 state_ = 3; 42 break; 43 case 5: 44 state_ = 0; 45 break; 46 case 6: 47 /* send message m6 */ 48 state_ = 0; 49 break; 50 case 7: 51 isTerminate_ = true; 52 break; 53 } 54 } 55 public boolean done() { 56 return isTerminate_; 57 } 58 } 5 Figure 3: An implementation of Role2 in JADE  3.


The variables state and stack contain the values of the current state and the content of the stack, i.e.

creating a whole VPA is not an ef.cient validation approach.


The idea is to allow application programmers to expose the opportunities for parallelism by pointing out potentially parallel regions within tasks, leaving the actual and dynamic scheduling of these regions onto processors to be performed at runtime, exploiting the maximum amount of parallelism.

the processor continues to execute the residual capacity server as long as it would otherwise be idle or the capacity is neither exhausted nor expired.


divide(C,{A,B}) -> Denom = A*A + B*B, Recip = #cart{re=A/Denom, im=-B/Denom},  mulCart(C, Recip).

acknowledgments The implementation of the refactorings listed in Section 2.4 has been created by Anik´o V´ig, Tam´as Nagy, Melinda T´oth, and R´obert Kitlei.


Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.8 [Software Engineering]: Metrics complexity measures, performance measures General Terms Performance Keywords Quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes, Sphere decoding, Maximum-likelihood metric, Maximum-likelihood decoding 1.

if the underlying constellation is complex, rate-one full-diversity orthogonal STBCs do not exist for more than 2 transmit antennas.


Arguing Safety A Systematic Approach to Safety Case Management.

there is concern about the trustworthiness of certi.cation based on safety cases, particularly when some of the elements are novel [36].


Since the instrumented design patterns have supported the required changes, the subjects using the refactoring approach saved more time when collecting the codes to be modified to perform the change tasks.

in view of this, we settled on an experimental setting that could be favorably compared to those adopted by the related work.


(5) Since every active neighbour of v transmits with probability 1/d in each round of Phase 3, we get E[ft(v)] = tA0(v)/d = A0(v)/(4e), because t = k = 128 log n/c and d = np with p > d log n/n for a su.ciently large constant d. Using Pr[B(n, p)> anp]< (e/a)anp we get, A0(v)/2 -3 Pr[ft(v)> A0(v)/2] = (e/(2e))= o(n ).

multiple Communication in Multihop Radio Networks.. SIAM J.


In general case, such a sort would take O(n log n) time.

our approach employs the collision detection method of I-COLLIDE for fast interest matching.


The longer a project uses the AugIR, the more contexts will be stored, which makes .nding a speci.c context by timestamp alone ine.cient.

traveling back in time always raises questions about time paradoxes: What would happen if we change a context that we just reconstructed?


Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.4 [Computer Communication Networks]: Distributed Systems-Distributed applications; (3.2.6 [Computer Communication Networks]: Internetworking-Routers; C.4 [Computer Systems Organization]: Performance of Systems-itJeasun3nent techniques; C.4 [Computer Systems Organization]: Performance of Systems--Modeling techniques General Terms Design, Measurement, Performance, Reliability  Keywords Voice over IP, Loss Sensitivity, Loss Concealment, Loss Metrics, Objective Speech Quality Measurement, Queue Management, Differentiated Services  1.

the unprotected case ( NO MARK ) has the highest perceptual distortion and thus the worst speech quality*.


Although this approach is applicable for a large set of problems, there are two issues.

someone may notice that a 3-SP problem can be solved by a composition of two SP queries: When we want to .nd a shortest route from a vertex v1 to a vertex v2 via a vertex v3, it is suf.cient to .nd the shortest paths from v1 to v3 and from v3 to v2.3-SP is about three times slower than SP on our system.


The usage pro.le is mirrored in the utilization of the software and its components.

iEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 6(2):118, 1980.


In the fourth section, a two phase centralized approximate algorithm is proposed to get an approximate solution.

the objective is to maximize the number of replicas without QoS who can receive the update packet in every frame.


these lead to two challenges: .rst, composing speci.cations for concrete syntax so that a scanner and parser can be generated, and second, composing speci.cations of semantic analyses so that error checking and optimization of the various extension constructs can be performed.


As with n, the maximum required k is use case-speci.c, but decided at design or con.guration time of applications (given by the maximum of all .k operators).

[9] Le-Phuoc, D., Dao-Tran, M., Parreira, J. X., and Hauswirth, M. A native and adaptive approach for uni.ed processing of linked streams and linked data.


APPLICATION ELEMENTS AND FUNCTIONALITY 2.1 Hardware The PDA device chosen for this project is a Toshiba e800 Pocket PC with 128 megabytes of RAM.

as Microsoft s Visual Studio continues to evolve, perhaps this sort of capability will be included in future versions.


Z. and Benatallah, B. ContextUML: A UMLbasedmodeling language for model-driven development ofcontextaware web services, In 4th International Conferenceon Mobile Business (ICMB 05), 2005, 206-212,.

these advancements and diversity in technologies and the highly dynamic nature of ubiquitous services contribute to make ubiquitous services design complex and Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.


(attAspect (FnInh att nts) defs)  The function attAspect generates an attribute aspect given the explicit de.nitions, whereas defAspect constructs an attribute aspect based in a common pattern s rule.

sp knit rule fc ip = let ec = empties fc (Fam ic sp)= rule (Fam sc ip) (Fam ec emptyRecord) sc = kn fcic in sp The function kn, which takes the semantic functions of the children (fc) and their inputs (ic), computes the results for the children (sc).


In general similar parts of the element names can be found with the LCS algorithm [12], albeit it is of quadratic complexity when used pairwise.

combining metrics and graphs for object oriented reverse engineering.


Using process knowledge to aid frequency transitions as in [5] is also possible, but requires support not only from the operating system but also from applications or compilers to be e.cient.

for performance and energy e.ciency reasons, we should not initiate another transition before this minimum time has elapsed, becauseotherwiseahighpercentageof timeisused fortransitions withoutdoing useful work.Inordernottofollow each delay load change blindly, we also introduce two delays tHi and delay tLo .


If we did this in Agda or Coq, we could formulate rigorous proofs of the properties.

this recommends their operations as the right abstraction for deriving, in the form of a Haskell type class, a shared axiomatization for Peano arithmetic and Finite Set Theory.


DIMENSIONS OF CONSISTENCY PROBLEMS Thesituationinwhihtheonsistenyofaspeifation mustbeestablishedandtheirumstanesthatgiverise totheonsistenyissueleadtothedistintionofdiferent typesofonsistenyproblemsandanalsobeusedtoharaterizethekindofonsistenyproblemoneisonfronted with.


Several studies in software engineering have restricted their analysis to the closest case (k=1) [7,8,19,33].

here r is the number of closest Web projects obtained from the case base, where its minimum and maximum values are 1 and 3, respectively.


The connectivity graph of responders during the rescue phase was typically dense and had a small diameter (less than 3 hops).

the Nokia N900 uses a high-end OMAP 3430 ARM Cortex A8, has 32GB .ash storage, and Wi-Fi card with a transmission power of 10mW.


Software Engineering is learning on how to use this sort of experiment to gain advantages such as control, automation, execution and provenance of data generated by in silico experiments to its experimentation and learning cycle.

[8] Mattoso, M., Werner, C., Travassos, G., Braganholo, V., Murta, L., Ogasawara, E., Oliveira, D., Cruz, S., Martinho, W., 2010, Towards Supporting the Life Cycle of Large Scale Scientific Experiments, IJBPIM, v. 5, n. 1, 79 92.


In conclusion, we set out to contribute to a better understanding of the subtleties and complexities in familial and institutional dementia of sufferers with wandering tendencies.

research has demonstrated that values and attitudes of each stakeholder play an important role in appropriation and usage of ICT [6].


GPEL provided many experiences to early adopters of the BPEL e.orts.

nEW USE CASES In this section we explore some of the new use cases that were made possible in the LEAD system by our adaptation of WS-BPEL compliant run time.


Clearly, if such mechanisms exist, they should be used.

the performance measurement results are presented in Figure 7.


As shown in Figure 6, the speedup of the single GPU mapping diminishes for large benchmarks.

the additional speedup can be as high as 6.53×.


If she makes an investment, her quality may change in some way.

by definition, any monitor that gives the source proof that the path quality is wrong is an ROPc monitor.


We modify classic prior-level based list schedule algorithm [17] to construct software pipelining as following.

we improve our formulation scheduling to model this category programming model which has special constraints.


The introductions will always be in the form of a new class even if only a new attribute or new method is to be introduced into an existing class.

stateful aspects: The case for aspectoriented modeling.


The advantage is that every Common Lisp function returning a Boolean value can be easily transformed into a constraint.

a node rep resents one choice-point con.guration within the non deterministic search process.


A system using this scheme has small load on components, even when many user interfaces are running.


Virtual Separation of Concerns (VSoC) [4] allows developers to hide feature code not relevant to the current task, reducing some of the preprocessors drawbacks.

in Proceedings of the Usenix Summer 1992 Technical Conference, pages 185 198, Berkeley, CA, USA, June 1992.


This subsection illustrates how to handle the biendianness of an illustrative but basic PowerPC405-like machine.

for the acceleration of MMU simulation, Simics [11] caches frequently used address translations to avoid slow access to the content of the MMU.


[13] M. Lee, E. Seo, J. Lee, and J.-S. Kim.

moreover, our system does not rely on any speci.c type of NVM and can be easily adopted by di.erent NVM-based systems.


Section 2 presents the data source of our study.

due to the difficulty of collecting and standardizing data, most of the existing studies only targeted small cases and are limited in a certain project context.


It speci.es programming language-independent protocols for fundamental P2P functions [9].

our approach should allow each peer to publish bundle code to reduce administrative e.orts.


Each of the signals would normally be executed independently.

section 2 gives a brief description of RT-FRP.


Note that we show bypasses from the end muxes.

because our proposals adequately reduce the register file size without the pipeline complications discussed above, combining the techniques may be unnecessary.


Workshop on Programming Language Implementation and Logic Programming, pages 387 401.

if the source program is inductively sequential, our strategy specializes to needed narrowing that is known to be optimal w.r.t.


Given the assumption that hands-on prototyping stimulates discussion, it may be expected that participants would speak considerably more after the activity.

a good start is to address two immediate issues: the first concerns who the participants are and the second concerns the nature of their participation.


After the experiment, the participants had to .ll out a questionnaire.

tH E CU S TO M PAC K E R P RO J E C T The main goals of the EU research project CustomPacker are the design, development and assembly of a .exible industrial HRI packaging cell, which is capable of handling different products varying in size, weight and form.


Systems that perform optimization based on o.ine pro.le data have existed for many years [18].

improving Virtual Machine Performance Using a Cross-Run Pro.le Repository Matthew Arnold Adam Welc  V.T.


It does not apply as broadly as thin locks do.

since y is mutated and used in the handler, it is boxed (the MAKE_BOX library function).


The player can click on his avatar and other NPCs.

the characters can interact with each other.


Section 2 will present a scenario, which is used to motivate our fusion architecture.

because a large portion of the collaborative events and awareness support is done peer-to-peer, responsiveness to user input and robustness to network failures are high.


Maintaining such information for each individual object for each process class will give a notion of concrete con.gurations, and the transitionbetweenthese concretecon.gurations(using the semantic rules presented below) provides a straightforward concrete execution semantics.

within a SMSC lifeline representing a class of objects, a selected subset of objects may engage in events appearing along the lifeline.


All of these formulas say something about the relations between language components, and many of these formulas will crosscut between di.erent subtrees.

yet we are far from obtaining a comprehensive feature model:  Features do not necessarily correspond to assets (components languages): the mapping between slices and features is not necessarily one-to-one.


Son, H. S. Choi and S. C. Park, An E.ective Polling MAC Scheme for IEEE 802.11e, ISCIT 2004, Sapporo.

the .rst step is the calculation of SI and the second step is the calculation of TXOP to be allocated to the tra.c stream of a station.


the second property reports the grouping of the clones that represent the same code duplication.


[28] on using linear types to prevent space leaks in reactive systems.

these values v are not allowed to depend upon the store, or to assume that they have the capability to extend the heap.


[4] R. N. Calheiros, R. Ranjan, A. Beloglazov, C. A. F. D. Rose, and R. Buyya.

for VM selection policies, we selected three heuristics for the problem of bin packing [6].


However, this assignment requires a communication (PLC) that must handle the edge in the DG between I0 and I1, or between I0 and I2.

any change to the state concluded by a rule is further considered by the whole set of rules, so that, consequences of consequences may be obtained.


For instance, with the default data binder JAXB, type B is equivalent to its supertype A when class B does not change the binding schema inherited from A and does not extend it with extra .eld annotations.

object-oriented frameworks for web services are essentially composed with two layers, an object layer built over a service layer.


we examine the predictive power of BMBP when it is applied to the various queues implemented at each site by detailing how well our new method predicts in a quantitative way the qualitative characteristics attached to each queue.


Those works introduced the facility of sampling the execution time for each branch in the outermost level of parallelism.

the manual and automatic perform similarly but in the case of 16 groups.


Due to the implicit heap representation, the possible symbolic object instances and associations are not uniquely determined.

for a start, semantic watchpoints are not restricted to Java expressions, but may contain arbitrary .rst-order logic formulas including universal and existential quanti.ers.


The aim is to have a static checker that works on unmodi.ed code, with no additional annotations.

e `Sat` (r c2) can be replaced by e `Sat` (r (c1 n c2)).


EVALUATION We conducted case studies and evaluated the usefulness of JSPreventer by answering the following research questions.

with such test oracles, JSPreventer can determine whether the mutated code has passed the test (Step 3 in Figure 5).


Role Subspaces: It shows how developers can use role subspaces to structure their understanding and presentation of the different aspects of the program state.

our experience indicates that, when combined with a powerful graphical user inter- face, roles are a useful abstraction for helping developers explore and understand the behavior of object-oriented pro- grams.


Two of the methods discussed in this paper (static partitioning and load on demand) are roughly similar to previous work in that they make use of straightforward parallelization strategies to achieve parallel streamline computation.

this is a consequence of the fact that both algorithms parallelize only over data size or streamline count, respectively.


Often though, the process of translating the work.ow into reusable code is a human-centric, time-costly process.

for example, Earth science mission software at NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory must survive years and sometimes decades of operations, outlasting not only technology but also the software developers who engendered it.


Comparative analysis of performance by time (ms) and Lines of Code (LOC) for all 3 implementations Functionality Plain PHP CodeIgniter Cake PHP Time LOC Time LOC Time LOC Login/Logout 96 121 2291 192 1559 83 Session Mgmt 91 132 739 118 1309 102 Database 143 83 762 89 1492 52 Form Handling 487 209 1338 385 2262 191 From Validation 321 292 966 406 2411 310  4.1.3 Security With respect to our security analysis, we used an all-purpose security tool as well as a specific SQL injection tool since all of the student projects have an SQL database on the backend.


However, default parameters are often not the best suitable ones and may lead to weak scienti.c results.

20 parallel work.ow invocations are performed .ve times in a series.


Usually, when using volume snapshotting for operating system image cloning, we have a 1:N ratio of gold images and derived snapshots.

bACK-END SUBNET We have designed the back-end subnet in such a way to obtain a clear separation between the services o.ered to the end users and the hardware/software needed by those services.


Example of unpaired lock due to type mismatch.

a sequence of basic blocks connected with edges in a CFG represents a control path.


Each activation of the grain runs independently of and in isolation from the other activations.

hot accounts will automatically be replicated by the runtime.


In the experiments that created 25 generations of 60 test tuples, there is likely to be more genetic diversity.

the ApplyC rossover(pc, 0k, 0l) method performs crossover to create two potentially new hybrid test tuples from {0k, 0l}.


Each role constitutes a visit of the tree, and each visit of the tree represents a phase in the interpretation of a language.

reference syntax from neverlang.examples.loglang.Backup role(logging) { // from module BackupLogging [BKP] .


2.8 Various Sections The sections referred to in the section table complete the remainder of a PE file s contents.


pop() returns a Double instance of value 2.4.

in particular we are interested in generating values that satisfy the given pre-condition for non-primitive type parameters of the method under test.


[14] G. Dunlap, Planned csched improvements and credit2, Xen mailing list, http://lists.xensource.com/archives/html/xendevel/2009-10/msg00442.html [15] K. Duda and D. Cheriton, Borrowed-virtual-time (BVT) scheduling: supporting latency-sensitive threads in a general purpose scheduler, in ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, 33 (5), December 1999.

real-time applications like multimedia need some scheduling guarantees from the operating system and the hypervisor.


Thus it is a poor candidate for .ne-grained synchronization because external pointers to interior nodes are not practically useful.

circular Lists Operating system kernels often use a circular list of running processes.


4.2.3 Vidgets Repository The Vidgets Repository manages the mappings between Vidget IDs and Mobile Augmented Reality Services.

we recognized from the demonstration experiment, that we should not only the smooth transition but also seamless integration of the Vidgets interaction three stages for usability as described in following section.


In C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy, editors, Automata Studies, pages 3-40, Princeton University Press, N.J., 1956.

only the nonterminals of the form ("V","Prim",)i are kept and productions as well as further non-terminals bi are added to generate the finite and thus regular value sets of internal types.


if Alice and Bob know Ctr+i-1 and r,f ' -(i-1) r Ctr+i-1 , respectively, then Bob can send .


We say that (q2,v2)S(q1,v1) if v2jX1 = v1 and 1.

mitl properties are interpreted over runs of a timed automaton.


Regarding the use as a basis for early development they considered the tool to be very useful, since it would save work and standardize the code.

for example, from a Project the Application files will be generated by running Acceleo files of code generation.


[1] Some algorithms and software that control physical devices use feedback, but otherwise it is a rare component of software.

a system doesn t have to be mono lithic or based on interacting components.


The declaration section de.nes reusable templates for register .les, memories, caches and functional units.

architecture Description TheADLusedinthisworktargets in-order-pipelinedarchitectures and VLIW processors.


Such largequantaleavelittleroomfor .ne-grained adaptivescheduling.

in both cases, the anomalous patterns of CPI increases match very well with the anomalous patterns on the L2 cache misses per instruction.


If a layer seems crashed, the spies kill it so that Falcon can report DOWN with con.dence.

falcon s surgical approach to reliability should be contrasted with STONITH, which kills the entire machine (though some implementations can target the virtual machine [5]).


For image maps, either use the "alt" attribute with AREA, or use the MAP element with A elements (and other text) as content.

n Sequence -represents the order in which the user enters the tagging information for the image.


This general model covers the existing single entity model as a special case when the monitored process and the FD module are combined.

another problem with NTFD-E is the same as NTFD: although we can reduce the probability of message loss to a very low level by sending multiple messages, there still exists the probability that all the failure notification messages are lost and therefore the completeness property can not be preserved.


Visible classes from one of the integrated metamodels may be used at schema level to create correspondence link types between classes of the source and target metamodels.

qVT does not support subsets, rede.nes,and union for its transformations.


Introduction Having good tools for modularization, reuse and adaption of code is a recognized need in the domain of software development.

a subject represents a view of the world, i.e.


here, and in other small scale systems, the Ravenscar-Java profile [17] for Real-Time Java fits nicely.


BOSC is different from these database index optimization schemes in three ways.

these risks are reasonably low for our two target use cases.


INCENTIVE FOR PEER-ASSISTANCE In this section, we .rst describe a model for peer-assistance as a cooperative game.

when a peer serves some content, it gets a subsidy equal to the corresponding cost saving, divided by 2 if this belongs to the basic catalog, hence made available by a single veto player (the network provider), and by 3 if it is made available by collaboration of two veto players.


Since EForEach is a semantic action, it takes three actual arguments: a MethodName, a parenthesized Formal, and a lazily parsed block.

section 5 sketches how Maya can be used to implement an interesting language extension: namely, open classes and multimethods as de.ned in MultiJava by Clifton et al.


This was attributed to the experience of both Software Engineers participated in the case study.

the integration time using both the Reddo Toolset and traditional software development was the same.


For example, if pop and push are considered antonym words, then pop and push, and pushElement & popElement are considered antonym method names.

a type specification such as int[] that cannot appear in a method name must be transformed (using a tool-defined mapping) into one such as intArray that can.


In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP 01), pages 174 187, October 2001.

it handles the speci.cs of converting documents to and from their native format.


our design incorporates the use of a (1) registry and proxy service to discover and register the individual sensors and actuators in the various layers, and (2) coordination plug-ins that can implement federation or loose-coupling across individual controllers, including a stabilizer that provides a formal approach to avoid excessive VM migrations and redundant actions.


The latter type of stateful service can be modeled as a stateless access service plus a stateful resource.

in Proceedings of the 24th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, pages 131 142.


On each iteration, the producer uses the ownership check to determine the consumer thread that is the owner of the array element density[index], and communicates the value only to that owner.

producing well-formulated, scalable parallel code for multicore is the biggest challenge facing the industry.


For example, with three priority classes A > B > C, a CID with two replicas on A machines and one replica on C machines would be scheduled after a second CID with a single replica on a C machine.

comparing BestPlaceTime to BestPlace, we see that despite its increases in total work, the impact on foreground work is dramatically reduced.


World Wide Web Consortium, Recommendation REC-xmlschema-1-20041028, October 2004.

xPath 2.0 becomes a typed language because it provides functionality for working with the typed content of an XML document.


Reo: a channel-based coordination model for component composition.


Lesson 6: CarefulsanitycheckingofpointersbetweenlayersoftheNFSprotocolstackcouldavoidcrashes.The client-side corruption results indicate that between the RPC and XDR layers, pointers are not checked and dereferencing a NULL pointer drives the kernel into unstable states.

white, J. Lepreau, L. Stoller, R. Ricci, S. Guruprasad, M. Newbold, M. Hibler, C. Barb, and A. Joglekar.


The main di.erence is that we extend it to handle multiple tests (this prior work only looked at one).

below we give an overview of the basic algorithm and describe the techniques RacerX uses to answer these questions.


As a consequence, we employed the read-write mode, a decision we would later revisit.

from petaflop computers with over one million cores like BlueGene/P [1], to Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) with hundreds of shader cores to the 9 core Cell/B.E.


trail cond (A) :- hvatagged(A), A·ref < (~s)·heap uncond.

in more involved cases (e.g., when extensive instruction merging is to be performed, or when variations are being explored), this approach falls short, and some sort of automatic code generation (which can in part be done with advanced preprocessors) needs to be adopted to control complexity and avoid coding errors.


Variants do not, however, yield open functions: if a function is supposed to work on an additional constructor, the programmer must adapt the original de.nition, or de.ne a new function that adds the new case and otherwise refers to the old version.

without open data types, such an approach is only useful for experimentation or in a closed setting where all types are known in advance.


Dynamic Reconfiguration occurs when there is a noticeable change in the performance of the device, and could be triggered by two main factors: high processor usage, and insufficient memory.

work in this area has normally offered only a couple of above options.


Software Systems Architecture: Working With Stakeholders Using Viewpoints and Perspectives.

to be able to address the concern of quality attribute interrelationships, it is essential to make these qualities explicit and measurable.


mirror map should already exist) and it is the write to the copy C that fails.

for example, if a disk read fails, the .le system can .rst retry the read; if the retries continue to fail, the .le system can try to read from a replica.


Every red line represents a place where the types defined in the source file are advised by the FFDC aspect.

it was clear that improving these messages would be important for teams without this sort of on-site consulting.


Our proposed model uni.es and supports both object-oriented and aspect-oriented composition techniques; the paper illustrates this by showing how to express inheritance, delegation and aspects.

our work relates to metaprogramming [12] and especially meta-object protocols[25].


Thus, for uniformly distributed queries, the performance of DIMs is comparable to that of .ooding.

then, given an event E,node A only hashes E toazone code of length kA.


R ¨ OSSL I N G , G., GLI E S C H E , F., JAJE H , T., A N D WID JAJA , T. 2004.

it is goodto see languages where both approaches are supported, at least to some extent.


If a retiring branch .nds the branch queue full, the commit stage stalls and no further instructions are committed until the stalling branch can be accommodated in the branch queue.

the latency of processing a branch is the sum of latencies of the pro.ler operations performed while processing the branch.


the insertion rate approximates the real-time rate of measurements (100 events/s).

116 subscribe e to CDataPoint; subscribe t to Timer; tstamp last; int min, max, n, sum; real avg, rng; initialization { min = 1234567890; # a value larger than life max = -1; n = 0; sum = 0;  } behavior { 128 if (currentTopic() == Timer ) { if (n > 0) { avg = float(sum)/float(n); rng = float(max -min)/float(max); publish( S1 , last, avg, rng); } sum = 0; n = 0;  136 } else { # current topic is CDataPoint last = e.ts; if (min > s.mf01) min = e.mf01; if (max < s.mf01) max = e.mf01; sum = sum + e.mf01; n += 1; 142 } 143 } In GAPL, there is a special topic, Timer, that delivers an event to its subscribers every second.


3The paper uses the annotation @ReadOnly whereas the IGJ compiler uses @ReadOnlyThis, because an annotation and a class cannot have the same quali.ed name.


Later in the paper we will show that due to the practice of recon.guring cell-sizes in CDMA networks to accommodate .uctuation in network load, pilot Ec is not an appropriate property for signal .ngerprinting.

instead, we focused on a different radio characteristic the signal delay.


Global data .ow analysis and iterativealgorithms.

thisstepmaybring in a small number of incorrectly-located and/or unlocated need-to-translatestrings, and further testing and debuggingmay berequired,butthedeveloperscaneffectively reduce the effort on manually checking each locatedstring.


As software-based fault tolerance does not come for free in terms of runtime overhead and different hardware also differs in the failure rates, it is necessary to tune the fault-detection or -toleration technique towards the safety requirements and also the hardware features.

kESO provides the control-.ow abstractions typical for this domain (i.e.


The already-mentioned nesting constraint on a parsing automaton ensures its nesting behavior.

by using the semantics of parsing automata, we can now rephrase the goal of our algorithm as given a value t with two automata ML and MR, .nd another value t0 such that ML parses t to a parse tree b and, simultaneously, MR parses t0 to b, for some b.


The trace in Figure 2 represents an execution in which M is called, M calls A, A returns, M calls A again, A returns, M calls B, B calls C, C returns, B returns, M calls B again, and B exits, terminating the program.

3.2 Experimental Setup 3.2.1 Subject programs As subjects for our study we utilized several releases of two programs Jaba and Siena summarized in Table 3.


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the network component operate with different transport channels as described in the following section.


all of these tools need to express program artifacts in a compact way that the developer can understand.


As in Figure 2, XML Screamer and iScreamer are seen to be signi.cantly faster than Xerces.

it is clear that an approach that balances these two designs is required.


In the data storage scenario, though, each data block is unique.

[Zhang 2008] Zhe Zhang, Kyuhyung Lee, Xiaosong Ma, and Yuanyuan Zhou.


Inthispaper,weanalyzea modeling notationand,inparticular, its tradeo.s between expressiveness and automatic reasoning ability.

4.2 Testing Satis.ability for ORM- A .rst question regarding satis.ability of ORM- is what are instances of un-satis.ability?


The undergrad students at our university are espe cially proud of their programming skills, and they are eager todesign andimplementtheir own uniqueUI.Furthermore, grad students are expected to have better analytical skills then undergrad students.

two of the CS grad students had taken the undergrad coursebeforeit was combined with thegrad course.


During the .rst phase, we analyse the parser structure and inline production rules so that the parser is simpli.ed to contain a chain of elementary combinators (Section 3.1).

on Staged Parser Combinators for E.cient Data Processing.


The shadow regions in b(i-1,t) and b(i,t) give rise to another dependence that cannot be avoided through loop alignment alone.

although our strategy is not able to extract any added performance because of the larger data sets, it is not negatively a.ected by them either.


We extend these results by studying their applicability to production workloads and the ability of users to identify resource bottlenecks in real applications.

we must still demonstrate that the approach is viable for parallel applications.


Additionally, we installed PVFS2 version [2.8.2] with default setting on the cluster nodes.

the NFS and PVFS based BLAST schemes have a considerably lower overall bandwidth, and as the number of nodes increases, they do not achieve the same bandwidth increase.


Adacs specific interactors are defined in graphical objects libraries.

it is possible to generate the domain model by parsing the UIs objects.


The main contribution of this thesis will be a novel complementary strategy for validation of artefacts that is based on the construction of an abstraction of the speci.cation in the form of a behaviour model.

this comparison may sometimes yield a con.rmation that both models .t well, together with a better understanding of the artefact.


[15] introduce delta modeling with delta modules encapsulating a sequence of delta operations to modify models, which may be used to perform variability in space and time as well.

valid con.gurations for the remaining required versions are determined automatically.


The ANTS mission details are still being determined and are changing as more research is performed.

from this point, termed a Lagrangian, 1000 spacecraft, which will have been assembled en route from Earth, will be launched into the asteroid belt.


A good approach is to use an architecture description language (ADL) to specify the complete architecture.

speci.cation of the compiler s code generator is dif.cult.


These properties are not supported by standard compo- nent models.

the actual type is determined by indirectly refer- encing component specifications via homeplacements, which are also described in the assembly descriptor.


Overlap Categories: Categorization of a kernel instance K based on its overlap with other kernels.

different scheduling algorithms can achieve different partitioning of resources at the thread block level.


Distinguishing between the two cases is important when we consider e.ciency.

[10] G. Tolle and D. Culler, Design of an application-cooperative management system for wireless sensor networks, in Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN), 2005.


No previously implemented short-cut fusion system eliminates all the lists in this example.

go2 must have a polymorphic type which, however, is easily deduced by the compiler.


It is clear from the de.nition of dthat Mo may contain many more tetrahedra than necessary to .ll ...

aCKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was performed using computational facilities at the College of William and Mary which were enabled by grants from the National Science Foundation (EIA-9977030) and Sun Microsystems (SAR # EDU00-03-793, EDU-02Q1-197).


It describes the synthesis approach (for mapping loops), which performs operation scheduling, resource binding and register allocation, in order to produce a precise execution schedule.

the language order to minimize reconfiguration overhead and maximize data allows the programmer to access sub-arrays like elements, rows, reuse.


These are the heterogeneity of binaries in a virtual disk image, whether to adopt full-virtualization, and the absence of HW virtualization facilities for RISC processors.

the disk image file includes binaries that can be translated by the host processor.


Static crosscutting features can be either atttributes or operations.

rather than employing the standard lightweight extensions of UML, this approach also introduces new meta-classes, thus requiring specialized tools.


Load balancing across each core is crucial for ef.cient CPU utilization.

in addition to the priority and time when entering the run queue, the proposed scheduler considers the group information which is applicable to the MapReduce VMs.


Speci.cally, R2 measures the proportion of the total variance of F explained by F for the observations in the training set.


In Section 2.1 we provide some implementation details about the example application to set the stage for the application of ABP.

next, the .rst wolf gets to observe the rabbit s move and move itself.


This facilitates the construction of replicated systems based on the object-oriented paradigm given that no change to the client code (which can be disperse over a multitude of platforms and management authorities) is required.

semantics of protocol modules composition and interaction.


This is due to the fact that in social events if a person is loosely linked to anybody else, she is bound to be linked only to few people.

when looking at this figure it is obvious that the graph is complex and its topology hidden for interpretation: it is far from resembling to the one in Figure 1.


At this point, we would like to mention that we could prepare multiple disks or RAID and assign each disk into a virtual machine separately.

in this experiment, we choose the .le and For CPU virtualization, Barham et al.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.cpermission and/or a fee.

if a non-faulty node i performs a local broadcast of message m for a total of t(2nc + ns ) + 1 times, then a neighbor of i will receive at least t(nc + ns ) + 1 legitimate copies of m. if a node i receives t(nc + ns ) + 1 copies of m claimed to be originated from j, then i can conclude that m indeed originated from j.


In other words, the code-review process requires engineers to understand code changes.

it is hard to evaluate impacts on other components, unless there is clear interface between this component and others.


In our approach, we guarantee the preservation of the signature of the original application in reconstructed software releases.

on each .le included in the application release.


De.ne an alternative class system feature that supports many of the uses of overlapping instances without introducing as much complexity.

we had a number of package sets, each internally consistent but inconsistent with all of the other sets.


We use static execution to simulate actual execution from profiles containing temporal data that is cheaper on runtime overhead.

static analysis of executables or source code can help add information over execution profiles without incurring runtime penalty [3].


One can hierarchically compose not only control on the top of controllers, but also on the top of sensors, effectors and links.

software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems, pages 48 70, 2009.


Emerging Topics in Computing, vol.1, no.

some music recommendation systems available in the market, like Last.fm and Xiami, recommend music to users only based on their listening behavior and history.


While behavioral responses describe the connotation (the relationshipbetween the term which is described and others).

this group must be joined with the group that references it ( Debt established ), butthis groupmust not be iconsderedascandidtae.


The three metrics are very important for availability measurement.

the roles, relationships and cooperation of the two layers, and how the QoS ontology supports NFRs elicitation collaborated with feature models, will be illustrated in the following sections.


Assume we have two registers available, r1 and r2 .

all these con.gurations do not make use of any pro.le information.


For more advanced uses of DSLs and meta-DSLs, as, for example, in our XML Schema case study, performing the relevant compilation steps by hand is hardly practical and requires tool support in form of build scripts.

the XML case study illustrates how sugar libraries can be composed to make joint use of distinct syntactic extensions.


Notice that .eeting links are rare less than 2% of the links are of the minimum length of 1 second and long links are common around 20% of links have a duration of at least a minute.

equipped with the previous two lemmas, we are now ready to bound the t-latency of CabChat.


Unsurprisingly, each core adds ~5.7 million lookups per second.

radixVM uses a scheme that precisely tracks which cores may have each page mapping cached in their TLBs, which allows RadixVM to send TLB shootdown interrupts to just those cores and to entirely eliminate shootdowns for mappings that are not shared between cores.


The rows in the table correspond to one of the three outcomes of the automatic replay analysis that we just described.

data Race Report: At the end of our analysis, we provide the developer with precise information about the effects of each potentially harmful data race.


The component comprises 9 states and Figure 5: Speci.cation of SynthSM 12 transitions of which 5 are guarded.

the set of all unde.ned transitions O of S M is de.ned as O = Os0 + Os1 + · · · + Osn (7) and s = |S|.


In this paper, we develop a multi-core profiler which works in the Android mobile OS, and analyze the profiling results of applications that operate in embedded systems with a real dualcore AP and verify their performance before and after parallelization.

a processor with dual-core technology for use on smartphones (application processor) is gradually being equipped onto these devices.


Obviously, this de.nition is slightly vague, as it depends on the threshold chosen and the meaning of a signi.cant overlap .

report that a substantial amount of changes to code clones occur in a coupled fashion, indicating additional maintenance effort due to multiple change locations.


It is up to the execution of exit advice to define the ultimate return value ~ in terms of the prelimlnazy one.

instead MCI is inte- grated into the base language by dedicated la=guage con- structs, and by a straight extension of the semantic model of the base language.


HTAs extended with this mechanism seem to be the most powerful and easiest way to express an important class of algorithms.

this gives place to bloated programs populated with numerous subscript expressions which make the code dif.cult to read and coding mistakes more likely.


A useful outcome of this synergy is that it is possible to make use of the KAOS strategies and tactics for requirements eliciation in a POSE framework.

each requires a justification of application in order for the transformation to be solution preserving - simplifying only slightly, this means that a solution to a transformed problem is also a solution to the original problem - although justifications need not be formal.


6.1 Experimental Setup The simulator is built on a large-block SLC .ash (see Table 2) which is widely used in enterprise grade .ash memories.

when the state .agin the spare area indicates that a page is valid, we should further check whether its LPN can be found in the UMT.


Deterministic WCET approaches are not capable to distinguish between di.erent execution times for certain probabilities.

the approach presented in thispaperusessafetyanalysismodelsto gain probabilities for failure dependent execution paths by associating elements of a safety analysis model to elements of a system development model.


Benchmark Approximate Lines of Code (App + Library) # Manual Conjuncts Precondition # Inferred Conjuncts As Strong As Manual?

for objects set and set computed by two different schedules, the equals method must return true because the sets must logically contain the same elements.


The latter compiles a Python program with parallel primitives to Thrust code [2] and links it against the Thrust library to run on GPU.

the kernel header and meta data include some key words to de.ne a GPU kernel in the LLVM IR so that they can be recognized by the NVVM compiler.


With environmental acquisition, we simply declare the policy for the account as a whole, allow fund groups to override that policy for their funds, and have each fund acquire the policy from its nearest container.

if the compiler can prove that, for a particular .eld reference, the object is always in a suitable environment, the programmer may omit the default.


The AST type hierarchy was structured to ensure that as many errors as possible are caught by the Java type system.

we would also see either fooBA or fooAB depending on the metaprograms execution order.


There are BAR-speci.c challenges related to communication between state machines.

the .rst factor also limits the damage that can be done by a series of linked entities under a persistently Byzantine node s control.


After increasing the mix of small and large images, the coverage of the 1000 data sets was eventually superior to that of the 20 data sets, as shown in Figure 15(b); the circles in Figure 15(b) correspond to the data sets added to our initial set, the withdrawn redundant data sets do not show.

[3]PAPI:APortable Interfaceto Hardware Performance Counters.


there is a need to incorporate several degrees of concern separation through higher levels of system representation.


Our methodology enables us to de.ne an optimized compiler setting without any knowledge of the available compiler options.

international Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, pages 204 215, 2003.


A CG edge ei,j denotes the situation that vi encounters cache misses due to vj .

the compilerfeatures atotal of 42 di.erent optimizations.


General Terms Standardization, Languages, Design  Keywords Open Systems, Interaction Protocols, Business Processes 1.

bPEL also includes a signi.cant component of data handling.


Even more, since the security aspects are modelled separately from application components is easier to change their implementation and use for example a user and password authentication or if the device has a intelligent card reader use this method to authenticate.

a software product line promotes the notion of architecture centric software engineering [1].


[17] A. Urpi, M. Bonuccelli, and S. Giordano.

depending on how p a.ects the arrival rate, the performance e.ect of free identities may increase or decrease relative to our results.


When reasoning about what the advice code does, we are allowed to assume the guar clause given to us as described in section 3, but how it is exactly derived is not yet clear.

the aspect has interfered with the component code.


Here the .rst level compilation quickly generates code by restricting time-consuming optimizations, such as method inlining.

in Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming -ECOOP 95 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.