Therefore, requests stay unsatis.ed, resulting in timeouts, and clients reduce their congestion window to avoid future congestion.

the box plots show that the more popular a video is, the better the received quality and the lower the number of stalls on average is.


If the presentation duration of frames i-z to i-1 is long enough to transmit f~ame i again, then fxazae i can be re-transmitted.

in order to achieve the above goals, four mechani-qms and techniques axe adopted in the flow control between the media server and the media gateway: (1) media layering, (2) presentation quality adjustment, (3) layered buffer management, and (4) re-transmission of important frames.


Aspointed outin the2002 report[4] of anNSF workshop on network research testbeds, There is no substitute for a real life environment to capture the complexity of multipath and fading that is inherent to wireless.

once the delay is over, the physical nodes must prepare themselves for the next experiment.


In Section 4, we describe the implementation of the NetworkMD algorithms in a real operational environment.

in the balanced topology, the NMF-based algorithmcanalways .nd thecorrectFGsgiven enoughfailuresamples.


At the end of this protocol, the STA believes that the AP knows the new keys, PMK and PTK, because the Authentication Response is authenticated with KCK, a part of PTK.

furthermore, the APs of the same Mobility Domain obtain new key material, namely PMKs, which are unique for each AP-STA pair and not shared by all APs of the same Mobility Domain, as in 802.11r.


This work should be viewed as a .rst step toward the identi.cation of microcongestion episodes and their impact.

for each interval n of duration t we collect the delay measurements for the packets that departed within that interval {D(n)}, and compute link throughput B as the total amount of tra.c transmitted in that same interval.


We present a way towards characterizing Web services and identifying services that can collect exhaustive user pro.les.

our approach enables us to verify the e.ectiveness of existing blocking approaches as well as to .nd more candidates for blacklisting.


129 is less than in traditional routing.

senSys 09, November 4 6, 2009, Berkeley, CA, USA.


This happens when the number of switches at a particular stage in the topology is not perfectly divisible by the number of uplinks on a switch at the previous stage.

figure 2: Multipath .ow hashing in an asymmetric topology Consider the 2-stage Clos topology depicted in Figure 2(a).


LINC handles synchronization between subsystems by grouping a set of operations into transactions that provide an all-or-nothing property.

this requires less computation power, and consequently, a lower power-mode can be selected.


Post-accident investigation: only when the WSN receives a query from an authorized party, e.g.

reducing the costs for a WSN roadside island also motivates our decision not to use tamper resistant modules on the sensor nodes with the consequence to be forced providing the best achievable security by purely applying software solutions and a proper architectural design.


In the case of the FCME, LAD and LAD ACC methods, we can compare multipath detection results to the case when there are no multipath components.

3.2 WLAN and Bluetooth Measurements were performed in the EMC room, where we had one real-life WLAN signal and one real-life Bluetooth signal.


Note that although the Min-TCO and Set Cover problems appear to be related, they are nevertheless, fundamentally di.erent due to an additional topological constraint (topicconnectivity) imposed by Min-TCO and not found in Set Cover.

our study thus demonstrates that subscription correlation can indeed be e.ciently leveraged for constructing topic-connected (and thus optimal with respect to the routing cost) overlay topology with provable and (almost) tight scalability characteristics.


SRIDs of a customer node are assigned by each core Access Router (AR) to which the customer node attaches.

as a precaution, however, these IDMS-BGP updates should be infrequent and rate-limited.


PATH-ORIENTEDSLACOMPLIANCE MONITORING We nowdescribethebasic assumptions andmethodsfor estimating delay, delay variation, and loss along a single end-to-end path.

ifthefourthderivative of f exists andis nottoolarge,itis safe to state that the local error is of order 5; i.e., if we double the number of samples, the errorinthe estimate willbe reducedlocally by afactor of32, andgloballyby afactor of16.


Without failures, there is no control communication overhead required in steady state, with each server that is an interior node in the tree maintaining state associated with the tree.

in the presence of link and server failures, greedy routing can end up in local minima.


SECC maintains service differentiation within a node by maintaining the relative difference among AIFSN parameters of different ACs.

as a natural extension to WLANs , the medium access mechanism of choice for these networks is the CSMA/CA based IEEE 802.11 distributed MAC protocol.


BeaconStuf.ng [4, 10] modi.es the APs tosend information about load on its network.

an update published by a client on its AP s multicast group is received by all clients in range of the AP even when they are associated to another AP.


The maximum performance di.erence between RRAA and RRAA-BASIC is 4.6%, which happens at spot P5.

the results show that, RRAA achieves throughput improvement of 35.6% over SampleRate and 143.7% over ARF during each one-hour experiment.


Finally, YPi has expected value E(YPi )= P(YPi = 1), equal to the fraction of snapshots during which Pi is congested.

this may seem unreasonable at .rst one would assume that an operator already knows the topology of her own domain.


The backends are very compact and fast, allowing netmap to send or receive packets at line rate even with the smallest packets (14.88 Mpps on a 10 Gbit/s interface) and with a single core running at less than 900 MHz.

for some of the (many) tests we have run there are large variations (10-20%)of theexperimental results,alsoduetoslightlydifferent versions of the code or to the synchronization of the processes involved.


For instance, Abilene exhibited a 1% false negative ratio even when p =0.1.

note that it is debatable that LC and S2 outperform MF and S&H. In addition, note that the number of entries required with MF and S3 is much smaller than with the other approaches.


This policy prevents a single malicious node from performing large-scale attacks against a certain .le, and it can easily be enforced through the search mechanism.

we assume independence between successive queries.


The low-cost commodity hardware used in sensor platforms results in a large number of false-positive or false-negative detections (the number is as high as 21.6% for the Cyclops [4] camera).

if the event is interesting the actual image can be requested.


We label this strategy as average-new-RSSI .

geographic routing protocol also face some di.culties to be used in large scale WSNs.


In the virtual machine of the infrastructure network, interfaces P 7 to P 9 are associated with the physical interfaces on node P , which are directly connected to the neighboring physical interfaces X1, Y 1, and Z1, on nodes not shown in Figure 2.

by carrying traf.c on behalf of many service providers, a connectivity provider can negotiate lower prices and make more ef.cient use of the underlying resources.


= R , the Discretization algorithm is a 7 2ßNW ST -approximation algorithm for the STP-MSP.

if there is a need to solve the problem in a distributed manner, one of the MST-based algorithms [2],[17] should be used.


Not surprisingly, it has been proved in SPP [6] that the absence of a dispute wheel implies the existence of a solution, when considering only strict preferences.

we .rst present the basic idea of policy relation.


A load balancing mechanism was also implemented developing the concepts of cell breathing, as they were adapted by authors in [2] to be used in IEEE 802.11 WLANs.

besides IP and OLSR common headers, the new packet contains the fields depicted in fig.1 except for Type field, whose information would be carried in the OLSR header.


0 An alternate representation of C-RLNC using degree reduction, denoted by C-RLNC(v2), is given next.

c-RLNC is only an intermediate technical step and it does not result in low re-encoding complexity.


So, we propose the modified TS establishment procedure.


Moreover, both proposals did not consider the feedback delay.

the universal target SINR of 70 dB seems to achieve balanced performance distribution among femtocell users with a moderate capacity loss.


The ABV scheme outperforms the BV scheme by a factor greater than twenty on a sorted synthetic database having pre.xes of length zero randomly inserted.

if only a few bits are set in such an aggregate vector, it is a waste of time to scan all 1000 bits.


we have experimentally observed that the maximum jitter in transmission start times in our setup is less than this value.


Finally, let fN be the maximum network latency.

[18] Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, and David Culler.


[11] H. Mark, F. Eibe, H. Geo.rey, P. Bernhard, R. Peter, and W. Ian H. The weka data mining software: An update.

blinc: multilevel tra.c classi.cation in the dark.


Applying SyslogDigest on other network data and integrating it into various network management tools are among our future work.

intuitively, if the messages belong to the same cluster, in other words, there is a periodic pattern within the group, then the predicted value St should notbefaraway from the real one St. we assume that if St = ß · St where (ß>= 1), which means the real interarrival time is no much larger than predicted one, we view that the message belongs to the same group.


As we discussed earlier, due to the small size of our testbed, the scope for .nding noninterfering paths is small.


The problem of query routing concerns the discovery of relevant peers to the query after we have denoted which peers are considered as relevant.

figure 3: Network con.guration and query routing (baseline approach).


For example, a disproportionate number of packets with the SYN .ag set is a signature of a SYN .ooding attack [14].

this is achieved by counting the number of packets at the entry and exit switch of a .ow path.


OVERVIEW We .rst present an overview of PANE, including the model of interaction, the types of messages, and the kinds of network resources one can request.

sub-shares allow principals to implement .ne-grained delegation of control.


dSa +(1 - d)Sa, (18) where Na and Sa are the last estimations provided by Eq.


The simulation parameters are presented in Table 1.

when an eventisdetectedby one or more nodes, theleader election algorithmis started with the sensingnodesrunningforleadership(group coordinator) thisprocess isdescribedinAlgorithm1.


and , buffering process is that the earlier MAGs and MNs do not need to know the next MAG's information.

in this research, the Mobility Access Gateway (MAG) is always stationary and the case where the MAG is mobile is not addressed.


s H0 2 s 2 P1(C01 -C11) i=1 i=1 the optimalfusion statisticsforBayesiandecision PN is si · yi where si is the received SNR of sensor i. i=1 ss B. PROOFOFLEMMA2 Proof.


4.1 Basic Needham-Schroeder Below, we give the informal description of the protocol.

the symbolic model captures all and only the attacks of the standard model.


inf {t : IA(t) -B(t)I=d}, (1) t>0 given that IA(0) -B(0)I= d and IA(0+) -B(0+)I>d.

in order to proceed, we need the following technical assumption.


This address may be used for direct communication within the PAN, or a short address may be allocated by the PAN coordinator when the device associates and used instead.

in dense networks, this mode results into excessive collision rates.


INTRODUCTION In wireless sensor and actor networks (WSAN), a large number of sensor nodes obtain information which must be transmitted reliability to any of several actor nodes in an energy e.cient and timely manner [1].

the problem then is as previously discussed, to create an optimal tube network connecting the slime mold to all food sources.


To achieve our goal, we establish a comparison among four path metrics used by di.erent algorithms.

it will be delivered with GNU free license.


These developments, as well as potential future technologies such as cooperative diversity, are creating new challenges and opportunities in the design of low power wireless LAN products.

mesh networks have the potential to dramatically increase the area served by a wireless network.


Di.erent approaches have been designed which leverage both traditional, infrastructurebased network paradigms, and spontaneous wireless network paradigms [5].

in the future, ICN approaches for the IoT need an equivalent of what 6LoWPAN is providing for IPv6.


We will describe MRC in detail later (in section 5) but in a nutshell, MRC induces memory into the system and keeps track of the feasible rates during benign jamming-free periods; as soon as the jammer goes to sleep, legitimate transmissions are invoked at the most recent rate used during the previous sleeping cycle of the jammer.

implementation and experimental details: For these experiments we exclusively use the Intel-2915 cards; these cards allow us to tune the CCA threshold.


Within its routing zone, the node maintains the topology information by using a table-driven routing protocol, and out of its routing zone, a source-initiated on-demand routing protocol is used.

it becomes a forwarding node for the ToBePassive source node, i.e., all the data packets from the ToBePassive source node will now be forwarded by this core node.


Acknowledgments The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under the HiPEAC-2 (grant agreement no.

our approach reduces the amount of registered memory while avoiding memory registration/deregistraton overhead, a result that prior methods cannot achieve.We designa context-aware predictor to provide highly accurate time prediction.We presenteda timeoriented helper thread design.


It is catastrophic for MANET if this sel.sh strategy is dominant among most of the nodes.

at .rst, if a misbehavior is found, multiple redundant ALARM messages against the same misbehavior might be .ooded throughout the whole networks, which incurs signi.cant communication overhead.


cONCLUSION In this paper, we propose a local greedy scheduling policy (LGS) to approximate the sub-optimality of GMS with lower complexity.


Examples of protocol analyzers being enhanced to support FCoE are the software based Wireshark [13] and the hardware based Xgig® analyzers [14].

each server thus has two cables for connecting to the Ethernet LAN switches and two cables for connecting to the Fibre Channel SAN switches with redundancy.


For each of the combinations of two routers, a certain number, called a priority, is assigned in the follow-ing manner: Now, let Di,j denote the distance (hop count) between router i and router j, and Dm~ de-note the largest value of Di,j for all combinations of two routers.

communication in Mobile-IP causes large traffic.


Note that we do not claim that Dispatcher is generally more accurate than Wireshark since we are only evaluating a limited number of protocols and messages.

any intersecting location is part of the length .eld for the .eld processed in the loop.


In the past, ARP poisoning, DNS spoo.ng and other attack vectors have been proposed for man-in-the-middle (mitm) attacks in the Internet [51 53].

the recti.ed data-plane AS-level path does not include AS 6461 and hence, is not anomalous.


It can easily be seen from (19) that a su.cient condition for satisfying the average BER constraint d0 is Pb,avg,i,k = d0 ·pk,i .

such techniques are rarely used in practice due to their complexity and the results presented here serve therefore mainly as a reference, showing what theoretically can be achieved by means of adaptive modulation in general.


Juniper Networks Inc. provides VC for EX4200 series switches.

once upon a time, IBM Token Ring and FDDI network system are ring topology systems, but these are obsolete because both technologies are up to 100Mbps.


10 lessons from 10 years of measuring and modelling the Internet s Autonomous Systems.

uninten tional violations seem to befar more common, e.g., due to miscon.gurations [16], compromised routers [18], or equip mentfailures [23].


The entire data series was subdivided into smaller samples where each data sample s length was bounded by the value W .

sensors are typically constrained by computation, storage and energy.


An indoor user, due to the above mentioned penetration losses, is more unlikely to observe such channel qualities.

each cell is considered to have a radius of 1 km in the layout.


technologies, their effectiveness in reducing attacks on an infrastructure, and the skill level of the IT professionals must be evaluated continuously to determine the security posture and ensure the infrastructure network is protected from abnormalities and attacks.


It will be very expensive if we respond quickly to all possible distance changes.

the detail of the proof is omitted here, since it is not di.cult to verify, although it is tedious.


One plausible explanation is that the extent of heterogeneity in the latter case may already be contributing signi.cantly to the network s (poor) operational health.

2.1 Data sources We focus on the following two data sources that in our experience are commonly available today.


(5) The paging cost under the interactive strategy is certainly lower than that of the timer-based method.

a suffi- cient condition under which D*(zl, z2) = d(zl, z2) for any cells zl, z2 visited by the user, is that the maximal length of a cycle in G is at most 4R + 2.


As a motivating example, consider Figure 1 where there are six switches R1, .

furthermore, EA consistently outperforms RR by up to 12% on average, and provides near-optimal performance compared to OPT.


The framing in basic LM occurs as a consequence of successful and continuous misrouting attack (basic LM fails to detect and isolate the malicious nodes).

our prior work has shown that the resource consumption of local monitoring is acceptable even to resource-constrained WSNs.


Forward RREQ packet 23. endif 24. endif  As in the SDSS-M algorithm, in the SDSS-R-I algorithm the source node uses P to select different utility levels.

in Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on Network Protocols Toronto, Canada, page 273, Oct 1999.


If the timing synchronization is not accurate enough, the performance for IDMA will not be as good as expected.


and log-normal shadowing variance (s) of the environment, and the modulation and encoding schemes of the radio.

a constant distant t allows a fair comparison of the di.erent regions (connected, transitional, disconnected).


Too small a threshold and the scheme behaves like pure .ooding.

there mobility is exploited in order to improve capacity, while here it is used to overcome the lack of end-to-end connectivity.


in [13] using numerical di.erentiation techniques and symbolic mathematical software.

4.1 Analytical performance measure From now on, we will denote the PMF (resp.


(Availability information may extend the value.)

at later time, each member of the earlier connection may have connections with other devices, which allows the mobility combined with the encounters being used as a communication resource.


Priority queue is assumed that voice packets have higher priority and the queue size is set to be 50 packets.

cSMA/CA suffers from contentions that the system performance degrades rapidly with increasing number of active sessions.


Since c = tout = 150ms and h = 5 in this case, we have b =(673.5 - 150)/5 = 104.7 (ms).

after a node sends SYNC to its children, it sets a timer which goes off after tout time within which it expects to overhear all its children sending SYNC to their own children.


We emulate a network-wide deployment as follows.

we conservatively model theloadin terms of the total volume(before any drops).


We also store provenance and causation data for messages.

moreover, assume that, to process m1 and m2 , f1 accesses K1 = {k11 ···k1n } and f2 accesses K2 = {k21 ···k2m }.If K1  K2 6 = ;, the platform must guarantee that the keys in K1 [ K2 are always accessed by only one instance of the control application and also m1 and m2 are processed by the same instance.


Another important area for future work is optimization.

it might also cause a signi.cant increase in the number of people who are quali.ed to develop them.


In section 3 testbed overview is given with a description of the hardware infrastructure and the software environment.


In the second step of our algorithm, in order to minimize communication between the sensor nodes and the base station further, we use data-flow analysis.

the radio needs a specific startup time to start sending/receiving a message.


The log-normal model has only two parameters which need to be evaluated.

this e.ect is even more striking when considering the relative contribution.


With the help of a predefined guard interval scheduling decisions can be done before packet delay deadline and thus exploiting channel variations among users.


Initially, the procedure estimates the amount of data that can be transferred over WiFi (Line 16), and from this the amount of data that needs to be transferred over the mobile network (Line 18).

for delay sensitive tra.c the cache requirements for 20 and 30 MB data objects remains the same, since for both these sizes only the .rst WiFi hotspot is used, and prefetching is utilized to transfer the same amount of tra.c in both cases.


So, we expect the area to be of the form a1 · a 2 +a2 · a +a3.

iPs connected to these ports issue read or write-like transactions.


Average charge cost in microcoulombs and standard deviation to execute the tasks for TelosB.

2 The EM tool The tool, which is used during real-time operation, intends to control energy consumption in a sensor node with limited energy available.


As we have already discussed, these subcarriers are partitioned into4groups.

aPa can decode all bits in all subcarriers, even the bits of the second Figure 4: Adjacent channel collisions.


With PC, a node declares this, each node would have a property dist that speci.es its disitself clusterhead if none of its neighbors have done so before.

instead of only counting matching nodes, a set S of matching nodes is computed.


The paper makes the following research contributions: Flexible mechanism for egress-point selection: TIE is: (i) .exible in balancing the trade-off between sensitivity to IGP changes and adaptability to network events, (ii) computationally easy for the routers to execute in real time, and (iii) easy for a management system to optimize based on diverse network objectives.

for the .rst of them, we present a management system that selects suitable values of a and (.


Scanning all the channels is not only an energy expensive operation but also imparts high latency.

of the IEEE Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Comm.


It is clear that the attacker is always clear about the current attack state, but the defender (i.e., the system) is usually not.

when every attack action can be detected instantly after it happens with accuracy, the .ghts between the attacker and the system can be modeled as follows.


The main contribution of our research is the classi.cation of a generic event-& role-based mobility paradigm that completely de.nes movement patterns given a series of environmental events for a set of characteristic roles.

until this time, emergency vehicles outside the event horizon do not respond to the event; however, after the threshold time has passed, those emergency vehicles begin to converge on the event.


the node roles of the clustering scheme could help in sustaining MAC layer issues, in a mutually supported, cross layered approach.


proposed a trust model [9] to establish group keys in MANET using trust relationships that exist among nodes.

our model is applicable to both proactive and hybrid routing protocols with minor modifications, which we leave for future work.


It is important to note that the relative direction of a device with its access point (base station) is determined by not only device orientation but also location.

[26] M. Rogers, K. Hrovat, K. McPherson, M. Moskowitz, and T. Reckart, "Accelerometer data analysis and presentation techniques," Technical Report, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1997.


In this subsection, we want to see if the resulting network solutions whose initial population is created with the greedy algorithm, also have a higher .tness.

3.4.4 Channel Allocation Whenever a link from a router or user is created, the greedy algorithm has to choose a channel for this link.


To distribute the responsibility, the concept of the egocentric network perspective of each station is needed.

[2] Akyildiz, I. F., Wang, X., and Wang, W. 2005.


When both ARs are located in the same administrative domain, there is usually such a strong trust relationship.

as the MN drives the re-association process, it is important that the MN proves its relationship with the oAP to the nAP.


Even worse yet, the estimation techniques yield poor performance in a highly dynamic environment.

the algorithm converges to the global optimum with probability one, provided that the following constraints are satis.ed [9,29]: a(n) > 0, L8 a(n)= 8, limn.8 a(n)=0 n=0 and L8 (a(n))2 < 8, .m .M and e .E, where a gener n=0 ally represents all stepsize parameters in (19), (20) and (21).


Based on the authors testing, experience, and the experience of many users there are no known compatibility problems.

blindly increasing window size may in fact have the opposite effect and cause performance degradation.


If the token is still valid and the source of the TREQ packet matches the owner of the token, it constructs a new token in which owner identity is equal to that in the old token, signing time is equal to the timestamp in the TREQ packet, and expiration time is determined by the additive increase algorithm described below.

we abandon this scheme due to several reasons.


The grouping algorithm is implemented in Python to fast verify our idea (implying the improvement of pre-processing time when using C implementation).

when the current iteration stops, the remaining rules compose one group.


107--118 [5] E. Souto, G. Guimar, G. Vasconcelos, M. Vieira, N. Rosa, C. Ferraz, and J. Kelner, "Mires: a publish/subscribe middleware for sensor networks," Personal Ubiquitous Comput., vol.

to the best of our knowledge there does not exist a middleware that takes a holistic view of the WSN as a single entity, that is a middleware operating at all levels of the network i.e.


In this experiment we use the simulation model to show the network cost consisting of advertisement cost, keep-alive cost, and false positive query cost.

in a reactive approach, nodes do not have any idea about the service information in the network.


It is straightforward to show that for ts+ t0 when the observer node overtakes the encounter node.


Hence, if we aggregate only the pre.xes that in addition to having similar AS paths, are geographically close (we used diameter ratio = 500 as a de.nition for close ), then the number of announced pre.xes could be reduced by only 20%.

undns uses the hostname of an IP address to determine its AS number, which could cause us to mistakenly believe an ISP is announcing a discontiguous pre.x.


After the HOL matching is .nished, the crossbar extracts the .rst packets of all the scheduled virtual queues and simultaneously transmits them to the scheduled output ports.

the VOQ bu.ering maintains a (logically) separate queue for each output port at each input port, so that a packet will no longer be held up by another packet ahead of it that goes to a di.erent output port.


we next show that pi is the critical value for i in the sense that bidding higher pi could prevent i from winning the auction.


We can leverage TCP s .ow control and congestion control mechanisms to avoid network overload.

[16] J. Ko, J. Eriksson, N. Tsiftes, S. Dawson-Haggerty, M. Durvy, J. Vasseur, A. Terzis, A. Dunkels, and D. Culler.


In DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX), volume 2, 2000, 12-26.

if n and the dimensions of attributes used to distance calculation is very large, the off-line computation may still be too costly.


SIB9 contains a home eNB identi.er (HNBID).

the measurement delay and gap are given by Tmeas delay =2 × Tscheduling + Tmeas gap (7) and Tmeas gap = TMIB + TSIB1, (8) respectively.


Overhearing is avoided by putting all immediate neighbours of the sender and the receiver to sleep for the duration of transmission.

the glacial environment comprises of different media such as ice, water, air and till, all of which make radio communication between sensor nodes very unreliable.


Since the contents of the UII~ depend on the previous IR, each client has to receive the previous IR in order to use the UIR to validate its local cache.

inter-cell and intra-cell communications axe managed by the BSs.


We if1 if2 let K denote the set of classes, and assume K = |K|.

we assume mobile users dynamically join the network for receiving .nite-size .les and leave the network after downloading the .les.


[32] J. Zhang, J. Feigenbaum, and J. Rexford.

link disruptions will typically cause correlated events, because they cause many routers in the network to change egress routers.


Each of the sensor nodes partitions these 10 events into m =2 clusters based on its local clustering algorithm, and there are n =3 decisions.

given the enormous amount of data collected by all kinds of sensing devices, techniques which can intelligently analyze and process sensory data have drawn signi.cant attention.


The phones return their results along with the time it actually took to locally execute their last assigned task.

for an enterprise which supplies its employees with smartphones, we argue that a computinginfrastructure thatleveragesidle smartphonesbeingcharged overnightis an energy-ef.cient and cost-effective alternative to running tasks on traditional server infrastructure.


Then the interference at i due to these nodes is bounded by p p X X ej ej 1 = p=v .

[k] := {1,... ,k} such that the number of colors, k, is minimized and the pairs in each color class satisfy the following SINR constraints that depend on the speci.c variant of the problem.


Third, use of uid allows easy interoperability between heterogeneous networks.

the key idea in our solution is to introduce a virtual id space that lies in between the node id space and the network topology, i.e., we assign each node a unique virtual id in addition to its unique id.


This approach provides good performance too, but we .nd that it is rather brittle and sensitive to several parametersthat change in a datacenter due to .ow and user dynamics.

like D3 ,PDQ s .ow scheduling mechanism is also based on switches assigning rates to individual .ows using explicit rate control.


Moreover, the shortcut routes also could not avoid small available bandwidth nodes.

longcut routes, however, can find a good path close to the nodes regardless of the .


macof, a utility which comes with dsniff suite can be used to perform this kind of sniffing.

packet sniffers perform sniffing by setting the NIC card in promiscuous mode and hence receive all packets even they are not intended for it.


Thus we have tk = tk-1 + V r[k]/c[k] (since this is when the k-th chunk completes downloading).

most of the existing works depends the bandwidth estimation to pick a video rate [5].


To assess such detection performance in terms of false positive/false negative scores, also referred to as receiver operational curves (ROC), we need to use a validation database, with known anomalies occurring at known times.

the conclusion of this systematic analysis is that we have not been able to identify anomalies excepted for the one that were detected by the procedure.


Owning to these shortcomings, we propose a novel solution for services differentiation with combination of polling and contention schemes.

such contract (agreed TSpec) between clients and AP could also provide description of agreed traffic specification.


4.5 Extra classes The implementation also has documentation and examples.

1) This case is the consequence of a DODAG join attempt.


IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 13(1):147 159, 2005.

the only edge Y2[Gd] incident to p is pa1.


Assume that a query by the user with location q is given 10-anonymity.

preventing Location-Based Identity Inference in Anonymous Spatial Queries.


From the .gure, we can see that about 90% of the students have an inter-contact time of at most 10 hours with at least one other student.

in our experience with students on our campus, we found that students try to attend the same recitation groups as their friends or study partners.


Namely, instead of enumerating ways the protocol can break down (i.e., attacks), we can instead give a precise de.nition of the functionality we require from the protocol, and then guarantee that the protocol can carry out these functions even in the face of all possible attacks by an adversary with a speci.c set of powers.


ARIEL automatically builds room .ngerprints through an incremental process using the Wi-Fi signal vector samples gathered by personal mobile phones, and then delivers room localization service back to the individual occupants.

h. Wang, S. Sen, A. Elgohary, M. Farid, M. Youssef, and R. R. Choudhury.


Indeed, these latter are still offered by most European ISPs.

likely these modes re.ect the geographic distribution of remote hosts (e.g., Europe, US East coast, US West coast).


Lui, On the effectiveness of movement prediction to reduce energy consumption in wireless communication, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol.

of IEEE SICON 97, 1997, available at http://shiva.crhc.uiuc.edu/publications.html [11] T. Liu, P Bahl and I. Chlamtac, Mobility modeling, location tracking, and trajectory prediction in wireless ATM networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.


4.1 Power Constraints in Topology Construction The power constraint has to do with setting the appropriate power levels for each transmission in the network (the Prism2 hardware in our implementation allows us to con.gure the tx-power anywhere between 0dBm and about 20dBm with a 1dB granularity or less).


75% of the working set size was con.gured as remote memory.

in this paper, we explore questions such as: what will the bandwidth and latency demands due to disaggregation look like?


Disabling links reduces the available bandwidth, and therefore, the link selection process is dynamic, ensuring that the network does not partition and that it can support the current bandwidth demands.

we use a kernel driver, per port, which allows the user-level process to send and receive raw Ethernet frames directly to and from each port, and the local TCP/IP stack is not bound to any of these ports.


With the above in view, we argue that given the high rate of mobile phone usage in Kenya, and increasingly in Africa (see Scott et al; 2004) therein lies better e-governance opportunities.

evidently, there is a tilted understanding in favor of government to citizen interaction; rightly so in line with the twin strategies i.e., ICT and e-government strategies.


[19] Katsaros, D., Dimokas, N., and Tassiulas, L. 2010.

every station computes its own centrality knowing only its own connections (neighbors).


Due to this characteristic, they are suitable for speci.c scenarios like rural environments, developing areas, catastrophes, and wildlife monitoring.

in this paper we show such an integration and evaluate the performance of it, as well.


This stitching could yield false paths if routers forward based on factors other than just the destination address.

to target routers that are not observed on paths between  Figure 3: Overview of the coverage of nodes by each of the experiment sets and the ping packets associated with it.


It turns out that the popularity value on its own does not really re veal enough information about the space-time dependence.

following this approach would result in greatly increased modeling complexity and also in overmodeling.


The copy is made eventually consistent when these key packets are processed, rather than recopying state for every packet.

the .owid is a dictionary of header .elds and values that describe the exact .ow (e.g., TCP or UDP connection) or set of .ows (e.g., host or subnet) to which the state pertains.


Figure 2 depicts the measured delivery ratio against link and radio channel.

the design of a multi-channel protocol should consider that quality and symmetry of a wireless link depends on the used radio channel.


Moreover, we have integrated the PC-MAC protocol in the motorway vehicular simulator [9] to evaluate some useful vehicular multimedia communication scenarios on a motorway and compared the results with M-PRMAprotocol[10].

voice Traffic Model To model a speech source, a well-known approach is the ON-OFF model where all the talkspurts or service times (ON) and silence periods or inter arrival times (OFF) between the messages are exponentially distributed, as the arrival rate and service rate follow the Poisson distribution.


This is not a problem for the protocol as long as Tn(d)<P so that a single, su.ciently nearby node is able to trigger a busy channel.

from above we know that if the initial probabilities are at least ., then the number of rounds the TWIN protocol needsis O(log(n+1/.)).


Thus, the second subset is asked to transmit in slot i + L + 1.

the reader uses the successive bits of the original ID .eld to make narrowed-down choice of the ID range.


When only the shortest path is maintained, then the space and computation complexity reduce to O(|Ni|N)and O(|Ni|), respectively, which are the same as that of DBF.

a logical distance is a real number only if the optimization function f p can be given by a close-form equation, as for the cases of the bandwidth 1 inversion shortest path (), the most-reliable lu,v B(u,v) path (lu,v - log (prob(u, v))), or the aggregated metric used in the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) [2]: k fp = L + , where k is a positive constant, L and D C are the path length and capacity, respectively.


Nevertheless, the simultaneous use of multiple channels together with distributed antennas and the possibility to distribute network load has not been investigated.

though, in dense network deployments the use of a technology like WiFi leads to additional problems.


Otherwise, there will be lower impact of nodes distance on the delivery predictability.

owing to the signal strength of each data packet exchanged between neighbor nodes, the communication range can be calculated, which allows DiPRoPHET nodes to have a better understanding of the node mobility and range.


We assume that perime   Figure 1: Defense Model ter routers are powerful enough to make them dif.cult to attack.

all those packets will pass the perimeter routers because p1 is already in the database, so clearly the SYN cookie mechanism by itself does not protect against IP spoo.ng.


In this sense, CARD tries to achieve a similar goal as we discussed in Sections 5, 6, and 7.


Future-L.  5.4 Comparison of Latency Cost 5.5 Effect of NCDN Traf.c on Network Cost We compare InvCap-LRU scheme, which is a completely unplanned scheme, against OptRP-L and OptRP-Future-L, This experiment, unlike previous experiments, considers a which optimize latency cost based on previous day s content network consisting of both ISP and NCDN tra c. Our goal matrix and based on next day s content matrix respectively.

sIGMETRICS 13, June 17 21, 2013, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.


Time synchronization for high latency acoustic networks.

intermediate nodes sending the same information twice is at odds with the goal of achieving a low message complexity for all nodes and if more messages are sent by some nodes anyway, we might likewise increase the number of transferred clock values.


This proportion is much higher than seen in the Japanese backbone studies [19, 9], which found only 55% of volume was downstream.

[9] CHO,K., FUKUDA,K., ESAKI,H., AND KATO,A.


One objective of WACA is to avoid network communication overhead during the clusterhead election and clustering process.

an aggregator usually launches when the computer is started and runs in the background.


In the Source Routing approach the controller sends state information to ingress nodes only.


We do not model congestion in the core of the network, as congestion happens mostly at the access links on the Internet today.


In this case, the number of transmissions required to attain the reliability is large.

these collisions that may occur during the transmission of the acknowledgement are represented by a link-link con.ict graph.


Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.2[Computer-Communication Networks]: Network protocols routing protocols General Terms Algorithms, Measurement, Performance Keywords Wirelessadhocnetworks,QoS .ows,Capacity,Interference * This work was supported by the the National Telecommunication Research Network(RNRT).

a Links con.ict graph LCG is a perfect graph if for every induced subgraph of LCG, the size of the largest clique equals the chromatic number.


On the other hand, there still is an improvement of the TTR and RDV metrics in comparison to the original protocol.

{1,-1} and i = 1...2 s ., in a wrap-around manner.


In each pair of executions, whenever R accepts the correct message in one execution it commits an error in the other.

r s output could therefore either be a valid message or a null message with the knowledge that (any subset of) Bj is corrupt.


In existing protocols, the CCH interval is subdivided into safety and non-safety intervals, and each interval is dynamically determined based on tra.c load.


Broadcasting with the typical carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism present in the 802.11p standard is particularly unreliable due to the lack of acknowledgments.


This could be especially appealing to cellular providers that also offer Wi-Fi hotspots, such as T-Mobile.

bACKGROUND In addition to traditional applications, such as email and web browsing, emerging applications in mobile healthcare, multimedia, and Web 2.0 have created an insatiable appetite for ubiquitous wireless data.


The viability of a low protocol stack and the cross-layer architecture were studied in the CiNet node where the architecture was implemented.

the architecture is aimed for wireless sensor network nodes with reduced resources.


REFERENCES [1] L. Chiaraviglio, D. Ciullo, M. Meo, M. Ajmone Marsan, Energy-Aware UMTS Access Networks, First International Workshop on Green Wireless (W-GREEN 2008), Lapland, September 2008.

at 5 minutes intervals, the AP records the number of associated users.


Delegation .lter: Provider aggregatable (PA) space refers to address space that is assigned by a service provider to its customers in such a way that routing information for many customers can be aggregated.

table 1: Transferred blocks classi.cation provider or settlement-free peer.


Nevertheless, we repeated all measurements several times, in order to ensure that what we present hereafter is the general behavior of the system and that numeric results were always in the same order of magnitude at each run.


This sharply contrasts that general gravity is twice as good from the perspective of relative error.

[4] B. Fortz and M. Thorup, Internet tra.c engineering by optimizing OSPF weights, in Proc.


CONCLUSIONS Botnets continue to be a significant problem on the Internet.

in our architecture, we include a component that has the aim of correlating the results that Disclosure produces with the public feeds of other malware analysis or detection platforms.


The GGSN removes the the UE from the corresponding MGL.


[20] L. Li, J. Y. Halpern, P. Bahl, Y.-M. Wang, and R. Wattenhofer.


Performance improvement is the motivation for our work.

at the time of this work we had not yet implemented a more detailed model of the MAC, to support validation.


This approach works best if the nodes know their location precisely; e.g., using GPS-like system.

but in 1994, two physicists Denis Weaire and Robert Phelan came up with another space-filling structure.


A further important di.erentiator of our networking approachisthataswell assupporting infrastructural policies that de.ne which VMs can communicate with which other VMs, our system allows customers to de.ne their own per-VM policies -this allows customers to specify their own IP .lters, stateful .rewalls, etc.

prototypeImplementation In our current prototype implementation the VNET software is implemented as a Linux dynamically-loaded kernel module.


if the distance is less than a certain crossover distance, the Friis free space model is used (attenuation with d2).


All the results shown in Figure 9, 10, 11 and 12 are averaged over .ve individual experiments at different times of the day, each experiment was performed 10,000 times to detect the tones.

this time difference ensures that all the ACK tones from client nodes are available with suf.cient energy at the AP to be able to use a simple threshold test to detect them.


Memory Compression: Memory compression is the ratio of the connection memory required by the classical IPS to the memory required by the fast path processor in the new model (Figure 2).

the implementation of the weak atomicity property is fairly easy.


There have been numerous efforts to expose switch statistics through the dataplane, particularly to improve congestion management and network monitoring.


With cellular networks, there are not typically service plan limits on throughputs, but rather on total numbers of bytes transferred.

our study considers spatio-temporal performance (upload/download throughput and latency) using over 3 million user-initiated tests from iOS and Android apps in 15 different metro areas collected over a 15 week period.


We thus have to resort to a more circuitous technique.


Consequently, the traf.c originating from TAP is limited.

& Spatial Bias & Temporal 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 7.00 Proportional 1.05 2.10 2.10 2.10 7.35 Under the TAP fairness reference model of Section 2, the fairness objectives include temporal fairness, removal of spatial bias, and ingress aggregation; it additionally requires maximization of spatial reuse in the system.


In MeDeHa any node can relay messages and therefore needs to store messages whose destination(s) is(are) not available.


Thespeci.clayout of the topology plays nonetheless a crucial role.

this indicates that there is an optimal node density when it comes to frequency reuse and the e.ciency of load balancing.


Inparticular, accesspoint (AP)associationdecisions are not made by the infrastructure, but by clients.

sUMMARY There is a large body of work on enterprise WLAN architecturesand system,seeforinstance [3,4] andthereferences therein.


balance factors in unicast system .LBC and .AU .

budget-imbalance issue should be taken into account through the notion of (a, ß)-budget-balanced: A mechanism is (a, ß)-budgetbalanced if the central authority (1) can retrieve at least a fraction a of the total payment from the service requestor, and (2) can never retrieve more than ß times of the total payments.


tRANSPORT PROTOCOL DEMO When the requirement on the end-to-end delay is much larger than the network round-trip time (RTT), protocols such as TCP which fully utilize the network bandwidth while su.ering minimal waste (since they only retransmit lost packets) work well even though they su.er from signi.cant queuing delays and some congestion induced packet loss.


Based on this information we calculate the final reputation of each node.

since this assumes additional overhead on the communication channel, it can be organized to send this information in the moments of lower activities.


We also evaluate our measurement methodology via Internet experiments.

[5] D. Wei, C. Jin, S. Low and S. Hegde, FAST TCP: motivation, architecture, algorithms, performance, In IEEE/ACM ToN, 2006.


Similarly, isolation requires that the resolution of a single OID not allow a user to resolve any past or future OIDs.

for example, n-way exchanges do not require exchanges of co-located OIDs.


To overcomethat, wepropose to use a robust thresholdingmethodbyreplacingthe mean with median and standarddeviation with median absolutedeviation(MAD).

local subspace using the regularSVD cannotstill mitigatetheproblemsdue to contamination within thelocaltime segment.


if the Home Agent was found by simply ask-ing the network, there is no guarantee that the reply received is from a valid Home Agent, rather than from an intruder imperson-ating a Home Agent.


thebene.t ofthe traversal pattern is that messages of the same priority occur with the same interval.


An advantage of this approach is that an adversary needs to capture and compromise more nodes to compromise the same fraction of communications as the basic scheme.

[4] N. Bulusu, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin.


However, if we assume the adversary will periodically stop its interference and check to see whether A and B are still attempting to transmit, then the adversary will be able to detect that he is no longer interfering with their communication.

from this .gure, we .nd that the noise level time series with the jammer and without are distinctly di.erent.


A routing scheme for content-based networking.

both senders and receivers must make an e.ort to reach a midway point of contact.


With the monitoring pre.x set generated by the Max-Cover algorithm, we can easily calculate the traf.c of all the ancestors of pre.xes in the monitoring pre.x set.

besides, this solution works for large time-scale because its accuracy depends directly on the number of available counters and the control loop latency: the number of counters is limited by the amount of expensive power-hungry TCAMs at the switches and control network bandwidth.


(2) Jitter Jb(k) can be defined as Db(k) as (3).


After that, p2 and p3 will be selected as the second and third polling points with the average cost d2/3 and d3/3, respectively.

each sensor always uploads data to the mobile collector with single hop.


REFERENCES [1]GNU RADIO, http://gnuradio.org [2] Intel Core2 Quad Core, http://www.intel.com [3] Barbara chapman, Gabriele Jost, Ruud van der Pas 2007 Using OpenMP Portable Shared Memory Parallel Programming The MIT Press.

we implemented an SDR architecture for IEEE 802.11a receiver baseband processing on a chip multiprocessor.


Flows TA(1), TA(2), and TA(3) represent the aggregate traf.c from the respective TAPs.

), it nevertheless serves as a benchmark for performance evaluation.


To our knowledge, this paper presents the first experimental testbed evaluation of energy-aware topology control integrated with energy-saving synchronization.

despite packet loss, ReSync alone and tightly integrated ReOrg and ReSync still reduce energy used by the network.


As a result, ISPs (Internet Service Provider) require more capacity than today s wireless networks for improving wireless network performance.

because in the IEEE 802.22 WRAN standard, in order to protect an incumbent user, the BS and CPE have to register with their information such as geographic location and device identification to a database service.


3.1 Form Factor With the advancement of semiconductor technologies, multiple RF chains are already being integrated into a single wireless tran-sceiver chip, e.g., [10].

we test the prototype under two physical environments: one in-side a building and the other on an empty lawn, both in a univer-sity campus.


[13] T. Srisooksai, K. Keamarungsi, P. Lamsrichan, and K. Araki.

eXPERIMENTAL RESULTS We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm using data from actual sensor test beds.


It will be interesting to observe how in the years to come, these proposed wavelet-based techniques will impact the use of active and passive measurement strategies, the analysis and interpretation of the ensuing data, and the development of next-generation active and/or passive measurement tools.

upon closer inspection, the fact that the energy function corresponding to period 31 is almost flat turns out to be an artifact of the very low traffic load during this period (see top plot).


As mentioned above, the experiment should be given a consistent view of time: one that does not jump forward at the beginning of each time slice.

nonetheless, the virtual node must have a way of accessing and con.guring the wireless device.


REFERENCES [1] L. Bao, J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves: A new approach to channel access scheduling for ad hoc networks, in Proc.

(1) k in the entire network, Sstop × nc DAT transmissions are stopped.


Achieving a single standard description is not feasible in heterogeneous smart spaces.


C(er,n)=cost(ci) (1) This function is in fact a lower bound calculation, as the components v) to vii) are only used if the CEP engine produces a result, and therefore require no resource consumption at all in many cases.

ii) By setting the .lter values we can adapt the event rates that are used within aggregation rule.


DBRP also has support for authentication and encryption.

shutdown: Unlike other routing protocols, DBRP has shutdown messages to inform neighboring routers that the protocol has been disabled.


Its limitation has spurred interest in developing new * corresponding author.

human moving results in a very small Doppler shifts that is di.cult to detect from a radio signal.


Introduction Today s Internet routing infrastructure achieves scalability by expressing reachability for large groups of IP addresses using a single IP pre.x in a route advertisement.

aggregating geographically diverse pre.xes could con.ict with the traf.c engineering goals of an AS.


driver writes the number of frame retransmissions to shared memory.

an increase in the cumulative sent packet count means that the WIF communicates with an AP.


For video services, people coordinate with others to ensure video watching is not impacted due to network congestion.

this section has explored how network users understand home networks in terms of when they are used, what use is made of them, and where this use takes place.


The same deployment had been used to provide IPv6 Internet access for the ETSI Network Function Virtualization Workshop on April 22 23, 2013.

the transition and evolution to IPv6 are expected to complete in three stages: (1) the deployment of IPv6 is prepared and begun on the IPv4-based network, (2) IPv4 and IPv6 coexist, and (3) IPv6 plays a leading role on the network and the IPv4 network is gradually retired.


After it deregisters itself from TCU, it will go back to state 1.

if it stops at the intersection due to red lights, it will enter state 3 (Registration to TCU & Ignition Control), register itself to TCU, and decide if its engine should be turned o..


To give the illusion of packets transferring to di.erent levels and controller domains, we can stacks n labels in the packets where n is the number of abstraction levels.

we propose the .rst recursive link discovery protocol.


Even though the attack remains the same at each time interval, the normal traf.c demand matrix is time-varying, hence the observed variability in the drop rate time series.

the main focus of these papers is the protection of customers connecting to the core network rather than protecting the core itself, which is the focus of our work.


To ensure quality of network connectivity, APs are usually deployed such that they cover partially overlapped areas.

nearby BSSs may thus su.er from starvation.


Instead, they "sell" broad- casting slots to providers who wish to spread their data.

for this permutation ~r', by Equation (11), A(~') ~ + ~ 4 P~ = A(~) < < (22)  -~+1 -~ we improved the upper bound of 3/2 (Equation (12)).


(ii) Providing all available information as feedback within a limited transport protocol framework can be unwieldy to achieve.

when the RCP receiver hits the limit 3note that an RCP sender is simpler than a TCP sender.


Decoupling FDs from associations removes even this limited assurance and forces the architecture to deal directly with the end-to-end security issue.

once an entity gets a canonical FD from the fDS, it is free to use its local knowledge of topology to transform the canonical route into a more e.cient FD that does not take the tra.c up to the globally-known core domain and down again.


From them, we get ()2 ()2 ks {t}-ks {t} = n = µ {(1 + ß)t}- µ {t} µ {(1 - ß)t}- µ {t} (26) Let F be the cumulative distribution function of a standard normal distribution and erf {.}


Since the Health Care Reform Act of 2011, reimbursement rates from public insurance agencies like Medicare have reduced substantially and it is agreed the national inflation rate for the last few years has risen.

eHRs have merely started the tracking of medical data.


ExOR: opportunistic multi-hop routing for wireless networks.

digital interference cancellation can improve the SINR level even when the received signal is stronger than self-interference.


They cryptographically vouch for the identity of a website by digitally signing the website s leaf certi.cate using a browser-trusted signing certi.cate.


We make two adaptations to the basic procedure.

it does not address the selection and dynamic switching of senders.


[15] T. Stockhammer, H. Jenkac, and G. Kuhn.

the traf.c pattern of video streaming can be well-captured by our model.


unless the sender and receiver are identical, at least one hop is necessary, which requires time.


As a .rst step towards improving the robustness of Geocast against overloading attacks, we showed that e.cient broadcast protocols like AAG are suitable to stand such DoS attacks for a while.

hence, providing secure communication protocols is crucial, because otherwise no dependable service can be maintained.


phoness were handed oout between 8amm and 1pm at tthe entrance gate, annd collected whhen the visitors were exiting thhe park.

services must rely on spotty Wi-Fi coverage (if any), ad hoc communication between visitors devices, and GPS localization.


BACKGROUND The basic Packet Pair algorithm [9, 2] relies on the fact that if two packets sent back-to-back are queued one after the other at the narrow link, they will exit the link with dispersion T given by: T = L/B where L is the size of the second packet, and B is the bandwidth of the narrow link, i.e., the capacity limiting link.

submitted to IEEE/ACM Transactions of Networking.


However, the fifth served cell is from flow 11 again, since it was transferred from L queue to H queue.

we can observe that just cells processed at the time instants 2, 6, 10 and 14 have been stored in L queue.


We found that the size of these ICMPv6 payloads was either 10 (about 40% of the packets), 1,000 (30%), or 64 (30%) bytes.

these packets serve as the core data that we use in our characterization of background radiation in IPv6, as discussed in section 4.


We do not consider protocols with guaranteed delivery.

this is because the network is dense enough, so there is a path from every possible source towards the sink.


We assume that network links are bidirectional.


The goal is to provide the grid environment with the mobility capability, while ensuring that the standardization achieved for description, discovery and access to stateful grid services is still valid.

the Mobile Agent paradigm allows network load reduction, dynamic load balancing [23] and asynchronous user-defined task execution [24] [25].


In this paper, we propose a merged data structure to share pre.xes from individual FIBs in TCAMs.

we use the same approach as described in Section 3 for trie merging.


Note that the source data with length ri belonging to layer i ( i = 0~ l , layer 0 is the base layer) are filled into the arranged portions (column width = si ) of ki packets, and the remaining portions of n -ki packets ( n = number of packets) in the BOP are filled with channel coding redundancy.

this might lead to the result that even you have the largest received data rate, but it does not guarantee that you can get the optimal quality.


At arrow 2 in Figure 6, the .rewall released all the buffered packets upon seeing the retransmitted lost packet.

the external port increments with time if a new connection has a different destination endpoint from the previous connection.


However with a closed femtoCell access mode, Pu MS are not allowed to benefit from the femtoCells radio resources.

our proposed scheme is referred to as QChS (like Quietest Channel Selection ) and is compared to a common frequency assignment scheme, the cochannel assignment scheme which is referred to as Co-ChS.


In all cases the performance improvement of the interference-minimizing code assignment over random code assignment is significant reaching over 3 dB for coded systems.

after acquiring the bit boundary, the code assignment is performed according to the IMCA for synchronous networks.


As a result, this con.guration drives the system to operate at .

categories and Subject Descriptors C.2 [Computer-Communication Networks]: Network Protocols, Local and Wide-Area Networks.


First, T-RAT cannot accurately estimate round trips on the order of 3 msec or less, and therefore, cannot determine a rate limiting factor for these connections.

validating these results was more di.cult since the TCPconnections experienced a range of rate limiting factors (congestion, host window, transport.)


This paper proposes a hybrid (locally centralized but peer-to-peer across the Internet) UBICOMP architecture that respects personal privacy preferences expressed in the form of personal privacy policies.

existing UBICOMP architectures that can be classified as ad hoc networks should be easier to retrofit.


For this reason, we expect that the overhead in energy consumption of the coresec_driver is dominated by the transmission of additional security-related data.

opaqueness: We also slightly change the original de.nition of opaqueness [11].


Understanding 802.11e contention-based prioritization mechanisms and their coexistence with legacy 802.11 stations.

mIC cannot differentiate a neighbor and a contending node, and therefore, cannot estimate the ultimate load of the neighbors.


In order to fully understand the viability of sending application data through a network, end-to-end characterization is a necessity.

pPPoE Extensions for Credit Flow and Link Metrics.


We describe our vision for a general architecture in Section 4.2 that allows this feature.

in Figure 2, when MSN User M comes online, M s gateway will proxy the presence messages (as usual) to the MSN Network.


It improves energy efficiency by exploiting human heartbeat rhythm information to perform time synchronization for TDMA.

a synchronization recovery mechanism is necessary.


User mobility modeling and characterization of mobility patterns.

considering the heterogeneity due to mobility in the hierarchical loss modeling, we adopt the .uid-.ow mobility model [16] to determine the cell boundary crossing rate of a mobile within a unit time.


In the first step, DAPs advertise their congestion levels to relay nodes.

we assume that 200 SMs are connected per relay node and each SM generates 1024-byte CBR packets [17].


the ADC is controlled by an on-board microprocessor, and exhibit a sensitivity of 100mV/g.


Note that our intuition about the WMA tells us that the greater the number of paths, the more it can be exploited for energy savings.

our results show that link-disjoint paths consume substantially less energy than node-disjoint paths.


If the estimated SIR based on the SSDT is larger than SIRreq, the system changes back to the SSDT mode; otherwise, the system remains in the multi-site transmission mode.

we are motivated to develop a joint LPPA and SSDT technique to improve the downlink performance of the CDMA system from both power e.ciency and outage performance perspectives.


(c) Recovery speed of each receiver 4.2.2 Response Latency This metric re.ects the responsiveness of a scheme.

this section explores how the schemes behave as a function of different timer parameters.


1 - = 22 2 where the additional factor of 12 accounts for the possibility of backing off from a tile after collision.

since we are dealing with multiple OFDMA sub-channels, whose number varies with varying user population, our solutions have to be designed to constantly adapt and possess both (good) throughput and convergence properties, unlike WLAN solutions that require only good convergence properties.


In the following contexts, the term sampling denotes the process of sending probing packets to collect RTT.

copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM or the author must be honored.


After the endorsements have been veri.ed, this data can be deleted.

furthermore, we assume that the used hash chains last for the whole lifetime of the network.


Today, this choice is dictated by whether C1-S1 and C1-S2 are public or private IP pre.xes and this applies to our implementation too.

hence, in the example above, the inspecting module can send queries to the target modules  and  (via the NM), as well as to the modules below them, and ask those modules what .eld values it should be checking for.


A comparison of these results with the lower bounds allows one to effectively identify the op- timal blocking probability.


When a strafe occurs, the server streams 5% of pixels of the new image and their depths.

several applications are envisioned to use such an idea, remote exploration of touristic places, multipurpose training, virtual shops and even computer games, just to mention a few.


thatarestaticanddonot change on a per-user basis.

we collect one week s worth of wide-area tra.c in the CoDeeN [25] system, a heavily-used global Web cache.


Then we analyze the consistency of local preference setting with next hop ASs.

we infer how an AS announces its routes to its (direct or indirect) providers.


Second, a wireless node u s expected cost (ETX in ExOR) only depends on the neighbor which has smallest ETX value.


schedules used for u are: {1, 4, 7} twice, {3, 6}, {5, 8} and .


SENS aims for its components to be extensible and interchangeable and it is, in terms of the wireless sensor network domain.

the localised change that occurs is that a particular traffic light alters its light sequence to prioritise one flow of traffic over another.


A linear programming solution to determine the movement of the sink and its sojourn time in different points of the network is given in [29] as well.

this is mainly due to the fact that in the majority percentage(%) percentage(%) 0.4 0.2 percentage(%) 0.4 0.2 0 0 02000 2000 20002000 2000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 y00 y00 x x y 00 x Fig.


As there is no well maintained and o.cial speci.cation of the BitTorrent protocol, the mainline client is considered as reference for the BitTorrent protocol.

they discuss the impact of the number of chunks (what we call pieces) and of the number of simultaneous uploads (what we call the active peer set) for each model.


PATH ESTIMATES AND FORWARDING lect the .ow with the maximum differential backlog f * (i, j)= In this section, we extend the ideas presented in Section 2 to f (t) - q fj (t)).

[7, 8, 15, 17]); a comprehensive survey (a) (b) Figure 8: CDF of the relative improvement of the minimum, mean, maximum rate and the fairness index of Horizon over the singlepath TCP for the experiments with 4 .ows (a) and 8 .ows (b).


(9) Then, we can see that (11) can be generated by the above (9) assuming the below (10).

1) Request packet: same as ICMP Type 13 packet - Sequence number field = k - Originate timestamp = t b(k-1) 2) Response packet: same as ICMP Type 14 packet - Sequence number field = k - Originate timestamp = t a(k) - Receive timestamp = tb(k) - Transmit timestamp = t b(k) 5.2 Initial Offset Although the offset, Ofsa.estim is estimated for the true offset Ofsa which is Ofsa > 0 or Ofsa < 0 in (25), we have no idea whether the true offset Ofsa is Ofsa > 0 or not.


In our use to date we have found that such gaps are relatively minor (accounting for less than 13% of link time) but this could also be an artifact of our particular network and hardware.

we collect all BGP messages received by the Peering and Internet Exchange (PAIX) listener in Palo Alto, California that pertain to address blocks belonging to or serviced by the CENIC network.


In ACM SIGCOMM, Vancouver, British Columbia, September 1999.

the algorithm must .nd a good trade-off between network performance and measurement overhead.


IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 7(12):1459 1473, December 2008.

centralized Channel Assignment and Routing Algorithms for Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks.


CenterTrack: An IP Overlay Network for Tracking DoS Floods.

each point is obtained using the results from 100 runs for each k value.


aport i with a low demand and a high computation .ow will get all the bandwidth it rate such that x ; otherwise, the port will get a fair share asks for, i.e, r i b i b = x get connected a web server to the network.

at time t, a puzzle router .rst estimates the packet arrival rate of puzzle-solution packets ra t with a typical exponentialaveraging rate estimator [35].


note that since some Web clients don t generate DSACKS, these are lower bounds of the actual spurious retransmissions.


We determined all three parameters from the network's router configuration files using an automated router config- uration analysis tool, NetDB [13].

for both internal and external topology changes, persis- tent but partial failure modes produced the vast majority of change LSAs, associated with flapping links.


This information is used later on, when the CH has an event noti.cation to send toward the Sink.

there is still a gain in employing the multiple paths.


In the .rst demo, two applications using different accounts (only one has the write permission on that service) try to turn the sounder of P3002 on.

in Shawn s domain, the application lets all the photo sensors in Room 1 and Room 2, and the temperature sensors in Room 3 and Room 4 report their current values.


To exclude these long-haul links, we use the per-hop delay for the border link, and exclude links whose per-hop delay is larger than a threshold.

the AS Core Map allows to identify AS structures by the geographic locations of ASes and their coreness based on the out-degree.


These systems are implemented by using ACL / CLOS from the viewpoint of .exibility, extendibility, and stability.

each agent system are constructed on the agent platform that provides communication functions on the distributed environments.


It can be seen from the table that the aggregate arrival rate to eachSS,i.e., .0i , canbedeterminedfromtheexitprocess of thecorrespondingAP connectedtoit.

in case the connectivity of the network is not a complete mesh, then the routing probabilities will depend on the forwarding table entries of the SS.


The APs we found are typically located in hotels and cafeterias and serve the purpose of providing Internet connectivity to customers.

the question, now, is to understand how the vehicular grid is helped by the opportunistic infrastructure.


Before injecting a packet into the fabric, input ports have to .rst request and be granted permission from a control unit.

instead of allowing inputs to eagerly forward tra.c, we coordinate inputs injections, in order to prevent excessive packet contention inside the fabric [8] [9] [10].


The larger the difference between x and T(Bi), the more items might have been updated by the clients before disconnection, and those items would be falsely invalidated when reconnected.

this may not be possible for Jing s approach because the number of bit-sequences (i.e., log(k)) is completely determined by the number of updates, k, during the window period (assumed fixed), and the number of updates, and thus, the update rates have nothing to do with FIR, as shown in the tables.


In addition, as cores contend for memory, we would expect that adding more cores does not help greatly.

netmap_init() interfaces Initialize netmap I/O library for speci.c interfaces.


Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.3 [Network Operations]: [Network Monitoring]; K.4.1 [Public Policy Issues]: [Privacy]; K.4.3 [Organizational Impacts]: [Computer-supported collaborative work]; K.6.m [Miscellaneous]: [Security] General Terms Security, Veri.cation  Keywords Adversarial Model, Anonymization, Network Logs, Taxonomy 1.

cryptographic: Attacking the cryptographic primitives  that form the basis for anonymization algorithms.


C) Given the desirable value of spectrum intensity (V/m), then try to find all the satisfied cases expressed by the other 5D spatial elements, i.e.

little knowledge is known on the spectrum utilization, due to the insufficient public documents.


In fact, nodes can be initially placed according to an arbitrary distribution, rather than the uniform distribution.

let i(t)denotes the number of movements completed before time t,and let tmovej denotes the duration of the j-th move 1Slightly abusing the notation, we have concisely indicated .


The reason is that as file number gets larger; cache miss also becomes bigger, thus causing the peer to take more time to get the required data file.

distributed Group-based Cooperative Caching in a Mobile Broadcast Environment , MDM 2005, Ayia Napa,Cyprus.


Evaluations of network technologies are conducted utilizing several methodologies, including various simulations and emulations.

traf.c generators are also used as fault injectors.


The above mentioned makes sure cognitive link lessen its interference to the primary.

iNTRODUCTION Cognitive radio (CR) [1] and MIMO [2] technologies have been presented as two famous solutions to the problems in the future wireless networks.


Figure 3 shows that the four schemes have similar miss ratios.

our approach is to compute an optimal ERTGR using the most e.ective transmission power for managing its TR and determine the best forwarder within the ERTGR.


This score is shown to correlate well with the paper s PageRank score computed on citations links that will appear in the future.

1, 2 ··· n}: Retained adjacency matrices a, ß: attenuation factors e:unit vector (n × 1) Output DC(a, ., .1,n): Dynamic centrality vector Initialize r0 .


CONCLUSIONS In this paper we presented our architecture for sharing kernel-mode Click as an example of using a source code based virtualization.

there will be cases when custom functionality will be needed.


One possible threat is the misbehaving of the directory system, e.g., not replying to a query, resulting in lack of availability due to a malfunctioning or corrupted node.

content identi.ers must also be free of location semantics in order to allow content mobility in the network.


Detailed discussions of each of the services are given below.

the IEEE802.21 -Media Independent Handover (MIH) Service Work Group [5], which was formed in 2003, is developing a draft standard to enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous networks including both 802 and non 802 networks.


To differentiate a CCMA transmission from a conventional CSMA frame, a reserved bit in the CCMA frame header (i.e.

= Figure 2: Symbol timing offset and inter-symbol interference.


On one hand, the goal is to minimize the network load and improve spectrum e.ciency.

something that is only accurately feasible from within a device (e.g.


When the major reason of frame losses are channel errors, it would be possible to extend the ACK-to-All frame to Selective Acknowledgement in CCMA.

= = (a) (b)  Figure 9: Equalization for interference nullifying in multi-path fading channel.


In addition to use of the features, we show that the TCG visualization helps network operators to identify the root causes of other .ows, e.g., malicious ones.

the temporal causality of .ows is advantageous for pro.ling application programs, i.e., user agents of Web browsers.


Distributed monitoring infrastructures, such as perfSONAR [23], facilitate sharing domain information across participating network domains.

a major achievement of OSCARS is the development and standardization of the Inter-Domain Controller (IDC) protocol.


The actual values cannot be published due to a required NDA with Roma Metropolitane [6].

iNTRODUCTION The demonstration of the solutions and the technologies discovered within the European project Genesi [1], concerning hardware and software for green monitoring of structural health, has taken place by monitoring a construction site of Rome B1 underground.


A simple RMI example based on SOAP serialization and deserialization was instrumented to identify the time-critical phases in a single remote method invocation and response roundtrip, in part to identify any overlap or concurrency in the communication.

xML is essentially a tree-oriented data representation language that is simple to generate and parse.


Such an extension induces a biased selection of nodes to receive the forwarded information at each step, thereby accelerating di.usion and thus reducing the network cover time.

[29] T. W. Valente, K. Coronges, C. Lakon, and E. Costenbader.


When Procrastinator does not fetch unnecessary bytes from the network, it should reduce energy consumption by cellular radios since that depends on how much the radio is transferring and how long it is awake for.

the most relevant prior work is Informed Mobile Prefetching [9].


3.3 Our Approach We adopt an approach that is a hybrid of those in Figures 2, 3, and 4, and introduce all these types to appropriate parts in our environment.

these faults can occur in their implementation and con.guration parts.


Poor channel estimates can cause the system to generate digital samples different from what the node hears, such that their subtraction corrupts a received waveform.

aCKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by generous gifts from DoCoMo Capital, the National Science Foundation under grants #0832820, #0831163, #0846014 and #0546630, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Microsoft Research, scholarships from the Samsung Scholarship Foundation, a Stanford Graduate Fellowship and a Stanford Terman Fellowship.


the standard deviation is an important metric to quantify how much load balancing does a given algorithm achieve.


Moreover, the methods for one-way measurement are usually cooperative, whereas others are mostly non-cooperative.

the forward estimates of four users in China and one user in US fall in [1.7,4] Mbits/s which can be further con.rmed by their ISPs advertised service plans.


As we have demonstrated, having more accurate prefetch hints from the application allows IMP to deliver better results.

a few minutes later, it begins encountering some spotty WiFi, which it uses to attempt prefetching the next message.


One way to realize this is to make userspeci.c unicast of data instead of broadcast.

with the massive number of mobile users, mobile devices can thus provide us enormous amount of spatio-temporal data in real-time that characterizes many of our physical activities.


Figure 9: Voltage readings for .ve typical nodes running the CTP protocol with default TinyOS LPL MAC.

for example, it is possible that a system command Timer.startPeriodic() is located at 0x5000 in the base version while located at 0x5010 in the updated version.


However, they typically have short lifespans and frequently limit the lifespan of the whole node.

they attempt to resynchronize with neighboring nodes, but until that time they mark data samples with time ranges that are later used by the base station, together with other sample time stamps, to more accurately estimate when the data were gathered.


A buggy function implemented in one virtual network can crash the whole system, e.g., shut down a machine hosting multiple virtual networks.

pdP can complement the special purpose hardware based solutions.


with the queuing delay in the diamond relay networks.

in this paper, we study the constraints on the relays positions under the same assumption in [4][5] that no interlink interference exists Figure 1: The Diamond Relay Network and the two relays positions are symmetrical1 .


The use of broadcast is natural for a game with three or more players as only one send() is required for each data 1 0.75 0.75 Cumulative Distribution  Cumulative Distribution 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Frame Size (bytes) Frame Size (bytes) (a) Nintendo DS(b) Sony PSP Figure 5: Frame Size Comparison for Di.erent Games Platform Game Percent   PictoChat 1% Metroid 10%DS Super Mario 3% Ridge Racer 10% Soccer 6% Need for Speed 8%PSP Legends 96% Golf 98% Table 3: Percentage of Frames Sent by Broadcast packet sent, while directly addressable frames need a separate send() for every other player.

a 3-bar , or Excel lent connection, the highest, had the two hand-helds within 10 feet of each other in the same room.


However we .nd that in practice, such violations are quite small and do not impair our ability to reason about RSD or use it as if it were a metric.

presumably these clusters are at smaller scale and thus will be much harder to .nd.


VNET/P achieves 75%-85% of native performance on this benchmark, and there is no signi.cant difference between the 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps network.

the ping-pong latency and bandwidth results are consistent with what we saw in the previous microbenchmarks: in the 1 Gbps network, bandwidth are nearly identical to those in the native cases while latencies are 1.2 2 times higher.


The Chord protocol is also similar to Pastry, the location algorithm used in PAST [8].

transferring keys: The last operation that has to be performed when a node njoins the network is to move responsibility for all the keys for which node nis now the successor.


TCAM-based hardware approach has the capability of parallelly searching all the pre.xes simultaneously, leading to low access latency.

for example, if A.B.C/24 is updated, some pre.xes A.B.D/x (x< 24) should be updated as well.


If E drops or reroutes a packet containing some shared secret s1, V will not receive the expected response.

whenever V observes that a route is faulty, blame for the fault can be assigned to some AS between the last prover whose responses arrive correctly and the .rst prover who does not return the expected responses.


FlowBender: We implement FlowBender on top of DCTCP.

the sender splits the original data stream across the sub.ows and monitors the RTT, throughput, and packet loss along the various sub.ows[22] to prioritize those with good performance.


as nodes become capable of accumulating energy by buffering and combining received packets (variance is reduced).

this parameter needs to match the propagation environment and the combining strategy [22].


This is due to the short wavelengths in the visible light spectrum that makes the communication link highly directional.

the challenge is that the image of a rectangular screen becomes a trapezoid when viewed from an angle, as shown in Fig.


We use asymptotic analysis when n goes to in.nity.

a crossing path is a path that connects one side of the region to the opposite side, where the ingress point and the egress point reside on two opposite sides of the region.


Fourth, the MAC addresses of the authenticator and the supplicant do not appear to be necessary for the authentication process.

5.1 Random-Drop Queue The problem here is similar to the well-studied TCP SYN flooding DoS attacks [16, 18], which can be mitigated in some known ways.


First, this previous work described various disruption scenarios in terms of their effects (e.g., internal path change) but did not propose an algorithm for determining the reason for the changes (e.g., node failure).

introduction To achieve acceptable end-to-end performance in the face of dynamic network conditions (e.g., traf.c shifts, link failures, security incidents, etc.


0 The mobility model causes the whole network shift in one direction with small random displacements.

[4] J. Partan, J. Kurose, and B. N. Levine.


We define Prk,~:(t) A P[S(to + t) = glS(to ) = k], (19) where S(to) is the position of an MT at call arrival time to.

when the one-step paging scheme is used, paging delay in each LA is equal to one, which means that the network must be able to locate the MT in one polling cycle.


In each experiment, we emulate an OpenFlow network using a slightly modi.ed version of Mininet [9] hosted on a physical server equipped with 64G of RAM and 4 Intel Xeon(R) E7-4807 CPUs (each with 6 cores).

our evaluation results would still apply, even if we install all paths proactively.


The proposed method is suitable for depth-based 3D-video compression standards.

3D-video content delivery places increased bandwidth demands, as well as have rigorous Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements for e.cient support.


The mission of this organization will be the establishment of competition conditions between the providers, the maintenance and the expansion of the network, where this will be necessary.

the optical cables should be laid without a break from each main node to any distribution node.


through the deployment of additional infra-structure, such as distributed antennaarrays,relay nodes, oradditionalbasestations(to reduce cell size).

as discussed above, the BS could send an over the air noti.cation to let all macro-terminalsknowthatthisSCis nolonger availabletothem (leaving total BS power unchanged; after a macro-cell terminal wins a SC the available down-link power is reduced).


First Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNets-I), October 2002.

in the case when periodic beacons are present, we simply count the average number of beacons received between beacons from a particular node.


Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.2 [Computer Communication Networks]: Network Protocols; C.2.4 [Computer Communication Networks]: Distributed Systems] General Terms Design, Algorithms, Performance, Experiments  Keywords Indoor energy harvesting, duty-cycle, synchronization 1.

we dedicate a prototype of energy harvesting system in this demo to such applications.


To examine 7p's stability over time, we break traces U2, A1, and A2 into sequential nonoverlapping segments, each containing 32,768 addresses.

the lattice box counting fractal dimension metric naturally fits with address structures and prefix aggregation.


On one hand, direct-simulation approach evaluates each solution applying a RWA algorithm under a dynamic tra.c pattern [6].

optical Society of America (OSA), Lightwave Technology, 11(5/6):962 970, May/June 1993.


Clustering in general is a well-known design technique that could reduce routing overhead by reducing the size of the routing tables.

due to the dynamic nature of the mobile nodes, their association and disassociation to and from clusters perturb the stability of the network and the problem becomes worse if these nodes are CHs.


Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Network Architecture and Design]: Network topology, Wireless communication; G.2.2 [Graph Theory]: Network problems, Graph algorithms.

then the connectors and the dominators form a connected dominating set (or called backbone).


We assumed the codec delay to be about 30-40 ms at both the sender and the receiver, and the backbone network delay to be about 20 ms.

the VoIP packets were transported with UDP.


Researchers have recently studied the problem of scalable and e.cient data dissemination in large-scale WSNs from multiple sources to multiple mobile sinks [4, 5, 6, 7, 8].

this approach is possible because the sink can quickly obtain the location of the source node whenever it wants.


We observe that almost 80 BGP pre.xes were unreachable from the four domains during the time of the event.

local outages only a.ect one domain, and hence the likely cause of these outages is local miscon.guration.


In this context, each published service can be defined by a set of multi-user sessions, where each session can be composed by set of flows that may require similar or different quality levels, importance and rates (this generic definition accommodates common multimedia encoders, such as H.264, MPEG-2 and MPEG4).

[5] R. Hancock et al.. Next Step in Signalling (NSIS): Framework.


In this paper, we propose a quantitative QoS control solution in EDCF from proportional and deterministic sides.

moreover, we show the e.ectiveness of our proposal by computer simulation.


Psychic and Optimal cache, on the other hand, do not require any history, and their .rst-hour outcome is as good as the rest.

the individual servers ability and willingness to cache-.ll (i.e., the CDN s preference at that server) is an important factor that needs to be properly taken into account in caching decisions.


When a traffic burst occurs, a receiver and potential senders hop to one of the other available channels, according to the hopping sequence.

all the nodes have to wake up at every time slot in order not to miss incoming messages.


However, protocol efficiency is related to the actual transmitted data size.

4th IEEE International Workshop on Factory communication system, Sweden, August, 2002:73-79  [2] Wang Z, Shen X. F, Chen J. M, et al.


in this layer, and in addition to characterizing transfer ON and OFF times, we also characterize individual transfer lengths, number of concurrent transfers across all clients, transfer interarrival times, as well as the temporal correlation of transfer arrivals.


for variable frame rate video, every picture needs a PTS value, but the extremely common case of constant frame rate video and uninterrupted audio makes itpossible to discard all PTSes except the .rst audio and video PTSin a segment.


We also see LDAP connections, perhaps re.ecting Web services that rely on it for authentication.

the higher order terms in the binomial expansion are negligible and the union bound is tight.


However,when the .ow reaches the second hop it will have to be transmitted by a link that is half the capacity of the .ow bitrate.

the time when the .ow transmission starts; timeLastTxPacket Contains the absolute time when the last packet in the .ow was transmitted, i.e.


The simulation results illustrated in Figure 4 show clearly that the SA and the proposed game have quite the same performance, since the maximum di.erence between the mean value of the SINR obtained by the SA and the game is -3dB.

eNERGY EFFICIENT ITERATIVE WATER-FILLING ALGORITHM Water .lling is a frequently used algorithm in power allocation methods.


Our scheme can still detect node redeployment effectively (see Subsection 3.2 for more discussions on this issue).

there is a tradeoff between performance and overhead and the two schemes can be adopted accordingly.


Combs, needles, haystacks: balancing push and pull for discovery in large-scale sensor networks.

the design of a retrieval curve satisfying this rule can be performed at each consumer node.


Since the reachability of 11.0.0.32/30 has been set up by the route commands  Figure 11: How to administratively shut down a BGP peering in Netkit.


More in detail, tra.c-based criterion looks for nodes that cannot pass in routing standby, since their total demand is higher than the capacity of its greater outcoming link.

in the routing standby state all incomingpackets are considered as terminatingpackets, and sodirected tothe localincomingport,whileoutgoing packets coming from the local ports are forwarded through a single active output interface.


IW3C2 reserves the right to provide a hyperlinkto the author s site if the Material is used in electronic media.

if node v predicts the existence of the link v .


Although we also have the ability to recover form single packet loss, we are not introducing any unexpected traffic at any time.

having a delay constraint does not affect the IR system so much.


a measurement framework for pin-pointing routing changes.


This paper proposes a service execution environment, ISEE (IPTV Service Execution Environment), that is an open source framework.

it consists of a group of modules, and each contains independent and complete functions and independently defined themes to support the requirements for developing and executing IPTV services.


Average delay values for G.711 codec are longer, as the time to cipher and decipher a 160 bytes payload is longer than the time needed to cipher and decipher an iLBC of 50 bytes payload.

the average MOS score for G.711 was 4.25 and 3.82 for iLBC, in the 802.11 scenario, for example.


Multirate transmission based on variable spreading factor (VSF) requires different SIR levels for different rates to obtain the required error transmission probability.

the SIR can be determined from the transmit power of MS i (pij), the path loss from the MS i to BS j (hij), the spread spectrum bandwidth (W), the data transmission bit rate (Ri) and the variance of the AWGN noise at the receiver of the BS (s2).


In this way, the adversary cannot determine the identity of both parties in these communications and whether these two messages are between the same sender and receiver.

we will describe how a sensor nodes si sends a message to the base station through an intermediate node sj.


Manning Publications Co. [7] Eugster, P.

whenever possible, having access to both device and network element monitoring can assure higher precision in identifying certain network problems.


These studies revealed that home networks are characterized by digital plumbing and digital housekeeping , i.e., the cooperative work involved in situating network technologies in the home and the recurrent and ongoing work of maintaining home networks as part of the broader round of domestic routines.

adult access occurred exclusively in the kitchen.


For each simulation, people initially start at random locations in the building following a uniform distribution on vertices.

a message is delivered to its destination via successive opportunistic contacts.


2(b) and 2(d) show the average lag between the time at which the source sends the .rst packet of a video chunk and the time at which a node is able to decode the video chunk again for various numbers of nodes and video bit-rates, respectively.

a node should belong to at least K trees.


Current hidden networks guarantee that a rogue client, that does not know the name of the network, cannot learn it by interacting with the access point alone.

in practice, though, most 802.11 client implementations are not aware of the application-layer connection state and perform this directed active probing even when it is not strictly necessary.


We refer to this extended sensing range as the virtual sensing range.

implementation of peering applications in this manner can be ine.cient so we do not force this asymmetric execution model as Tenet does [3].


Service providers (solid circles) cooperatively implement secure protocols to maintain the interaction between customers and .nancial institutions.

lloyd Shapley proved that the marginal contributions .i(v, S(p, i)) de.ned in Equation (2) form the vertices of the core of a convex system [23].


2 We assume that the discrete logarithm problems in both G and G are 12hard.

we can consider that the node might be cooperates with the malicious node, or the node itself can be a malicious node.


Design and Evaluation of iMesh: an Infrastructure-mode Wireless Mesh Network.

2030 4050 6070 Arrival Rate (Frame/Second) Figure 7 shows the delay D of the FCLT, fuzzy controller, and IEEE 802.11 standard.


if the seller does not care about whether the bids are truthful, then this leads to a revenue maximization problem.


Optical waves do not suffer from such high attenuation but are affected by scattering.

[] (m) (m) (m) .B= Bt-t[s] is the time-to-live of i max -i,now 0 packet marriving at node i,where t(m) is the arriving time i,now of m at i,and t0 (m) is the time m was generated, which is time-stamped in the packet header by its source.


Using similar arguments as in Remark 1, we can get the general result as follows.

(1 - exp(.p))g(a)2, as for any .> 0, a Poisson boolean model (., r) is equivalent to another one with .


We assume that the last sequence number of source node before sending RREQ for D node or the last sequence number of destination node before sending of RREP for node D, is 2j.

they can consume nodes power by creation of packets with invalid digital signature and broadcasting of them.


Considering the growing popularity of MMOGs, we believe their impact on Internet tra.c should not be overlooked.

we trace ShenZhou Online [1], a mid-sized MMORPG, and analyze a 1,356-million-packet trace.


TCP Segmentation Offloading (TSO) When TSO is enabled, a TCP sender transfers a segment much larger than the MSS to the network interface card (NIC), and leaves it to the NIC to segment it further into MSS sized segments.

we are the first to observe impact of server side optimizations on cellular data connections.


BonnMotion: A mobility scenario generation and analysis tool.

the utility of nodes in the same community (familiars)is slightly higher than those of outside nodes(un   (a)(b)(c) Figure 5: Greedy in HCMM det5: ecdf(utilities) for (a) a sedentary node, and (b) a traveler.


Since the interpolated process 1.4 starts at time slot k, the behavior of .k (t)as k .8 is n,m ¯ that of Rn,m(k)as k .8.

solid lines and lines marked with circles in the same color represent the same user s throughput when scheduled with CPF and LPF, respectively.


Chris Guy is a Professor of Electronic Engineering and Head of the School of Systems Engineering at the University of Reading, UK.

it might be worth considering combining the two receivers (of the sensor and the energy harvesting device respectively, both of which only receive signals from the same frequency band) into one to compress the size and reduce the cost of the whole set.


instead of dividing edges of the original hash table into M independent sets, we would divide them into M+1 sets denoted by Gk(k = 1,.., M + 1) , among which the first M sets are all independent edge sets, and the last set is a residual edge set, which stores edges not fitting into the first M sets.