Flow chart on Control Center Assuming the error between the estimated data and real state is small enough to ignore; and the error between measurements and real state is e. According to (1), the reserveddata on Smart Terminal can be expressed as: RSD i ( ) t = RSD i e ( ) t + e (8) The dynamic secret on Smart Terminal is e DS ( ) t = Hash Truncate RSD t × K +e× K (9) i ( ( i ( ) )) If the e>1/K, the dynamic secrets on Smart Terminal and Control Center are different, which could not decrypt the received cipher text correctly.

it is difficult for the adversary to conduct the state estimation to compute the Reserveddata on the terminals.


icate is the same as in classical Datalog, with the condition that the sequence of states in the derivation of the body of the rule must be continuous.

(D, f)= true if and only if there exist a variable substitution s and a sequence of database states S such that view.P (U, s(T1),...,s(Tn)can be inferred using the sequence S. For negated formulas, .


http://www.rsbac.org last visited: December, 10 2007.

the complex policy con.guration mechanisms at every single layer also represent the biggest stumbling block for a rapid adoption.


Observe that moving from easy to fair distortion, as wellasfrom fair to good distortion,substantiallyincreases protection against automatic recovery.

scrambleo.ersstrongsecuritybecause,assumingthat decryption keys are not leaked, message content remains completely inaccessible to both computers and humans.


In the light of Shewhart s control principle, if samples mean x satisfies .


Our solution responds to various virus goals through logging the communication end point of the smartphone and perform a general statistical monitoring based on the volume of the communication and a more speci.c abnormality monitoring leveraging the user contact list and user mobility pro.le.

roughly half of the devices are traders, and the other half are tradees.


To demonstrate the usability problems in current access control systems and the feasibility of our proposed solution, we have chosen an existing access control mechanism, the WebDAV access control list standard [4], as the starting point for usability improvement.

for Task4, the time difference is also significant.


So long as the parameters of the pre-sanitization (p, and any additional details of the pre-sanitization process) are understood, many analyses accommodate this sort of perturbation.

instead, we introduce two notions of privacy: Privacy breach.


to access to certain parts of wiki documents.

in Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Wikis, WikiSym 05, pages 3 15, New York, NY, USA, 2005.


In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, Oakland, CA, May 2005.

applying process tracing to determine I1 also needs to pay attention to the following exceptions.


First, it focuses on homogeneous message exchange or message broker models where brokers are assumed to have the same processing power and bandwidth.

eLD does similar work but it needs to monitor all the load metrics (see section IV.B) and report this to the EOM.


However, the major variant thatoccurswhenbothallelescarrythemutation islikelytoresult in premature death, usually, before age twenty.

journal of theAmericanMedical InformaticsAssociation, 12(1),2005.


This will result in a higher probability of finding a mutually satisfactory policy and improving the success rate of negotiations.

iIS-0331707, and The Regents of the University of California.


its curve begins to ascend rapidly after a million guesses.


n-1 Mi if bi =0 E(M)= || (2) i=0E(Mi) if bi =1 The generic selective encryption procedure is graphically illustrated in Figure 2.

claude elwood shannon: collected papers.


Changes to these PinUP policies canbe made,butevery change requiresper-use user authentication (similartothe administrative interfacesoftheOSXoperatingsystem).

considering there are around 170 repositories being used by 65 users, this seems like an extremely stable con.guration.


We assume that the behavior of our features is different and independent from the background traf.c, which we validate to be correct.

the words in a malware sample correspond to the two-way communication of the malware with the remote C&C server.


Moreover, the average time needed to solve an instance of APuz is exponential in Q, the di.culty level.

(Q,D),DIFF (Q,D),DIFF Succ(k) = Pr[Exec(k) = 1] A,GPuz A,GPuz = Pr[Awins|B] Pr(B) + Pr[Awins|B¯] Pr( B¯) (D+1)q (D+1) q : 1 × + × (1 - ) 2Q 2Q 2Q (D+1)(q+1) : = .k,(Q,D)(q).


In other words, the policies in PL need to be at least as restrictive as the policies in PH .

for this to work, we would also like to be able to identify the situations in which con.icts could actually occur, given the constraints of the organisational infrastructure.


For each EP e, score(e) is calculated by formula (1).

for the real software, we execute it and obtain the system call sequence.


The Context Handler attached to PEPPr, is responsible for forwarding this request to the LPDPPr which queries LPAPPr.If the LPDPPr does not find any policy that applies to that resource, then it is not possible evaluated the access requests locally.

based on the reduced (single) certificate, a specific authorization credential is created and sent to the mechanism implementing the PEPPr.


In a highly imbalanced data set, it is better to give di.erent weights to the misclassi.cation of positive and negative instances[8].

thus the Balanced Success Rate of tilde removed data set is fewer than in the original data set.


f. Intuitively, a location remains private if, regardless of his side knowledge (captured by his prior distribution), an adversary draws the same conclusions (captured by his posterior distribution), regardless of whether hiding has been applied or not.

note also that the above characterization compares two posterior distributions.


This policy (1) detects a 10x10 pixel square of the target color, (2) calculates its average depth, and (3) removes RGB pixels near that depth.

some continuous sensing platforms such as Xbox with Kinect are already powerful enough today.


Recently, both the utility and the complexity of the cyberspace has exploded in an unprecedented manner.

additionally, coordination of activities between di.erent (security) domains remains a thorny and yet crucial problem.


Once the con.guration is con.rmed, NativeWrap parameterizes a pre-made WebView wrapper template and installs the newly created application package.

only network access should be enabled by default, and the WebView app should operate correctly with only network access (with the exception of the function requiring more privilege).


This policy reflects our belief that the secret user is trusted (at that level) and does not copy abacus data to email.

t~[L] == {R : L ~ L I id(dom R U ran R) C R} Let the alphabet aR of policy R denote the set of labels that it is defined in terms of (dom R).


An abstract struct type is de.ned and it contains common .elds for its subtypes.

generic STM algorithms would incur high performance overhead.


Care is thus required when applying our results to general real-world settings, e.g., large-scale smart grids, where locational prices are important.

as such, it can be exploited by an adversary whose objective is to destabilize the RTP system.


This is (or reduces to) the standard TPM enrolment problem, and thus we do not explicitly address it.

phD thesis, Johns Hopkins University, 2006.


x k+1 = Ax k + BUrk - L(Vrk - Cx k - DUrk ) Hobs :  Vrk = Cx k + DUrk (50) where L is the observer gain.

-5 System Energy (Nominal) System Energy (Max Energy Attack on V) x 10 rk 8 0.035 6 0.03 4 0.025 2 0.02  Energy Energy 0.015 0 -2 0.01 -4 0.005 -6 0 -8 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 -0.005 Time (s) Time (s) (b) Energy Balance Plot.


In this model the bit error is assumed to be independent and random.

it refers to the overlap of feature spaces corresp onding to multiple classes or individuals [15].


Traditional SS schemes assume that the parties will submit correct shares while reconstructing the secret.

l} lie on a unique polynomial, say f{l (x)of degree atmost (k - 1).


By modifying the kernel source code with corresponding kernel compilation options, we enabled other hidden USB interfaces in the kernel, show in Figure 1.

the described interfaces must be carefully secured to defend against general malfeasance.


We distinguish it from tradition cryptographic MIM attacks, because here the attacker is interacting at the interface level, as opposed to the protocol level that cryptographers are concerned with.

we imagine that instead of having a database of images, the server has a database of indexes to images that are actually transfered.


The same attack could be carried over to EC2, except that this measurement technique applies only to VMs that timeshare a core.

these instances were left running while 20 further probe instances were launched.


We expand the scope of the pioneering work for this threat [31] by progressively re.ning models of cross-VM covert channels from the derived maximums, to implementable channels in the lab, and .nally in Amazon EC2 itself.

a practical bit rate that is possible to be realized in a laboratory environment that satis.es requirements R1 and R2 would be: 1bit/(1.47ms +3ms) 223.71bps The di.erence between 223.71bps and the theoretic maximum 262.47bps can be considered as the synchronization overhead in practice.


should precisely capture the capabilities of users that are not trusted.

here, we only point out the key observations.


We denote the set of authorizations derived through propagation as the propagated authorization base.

his decision may be biased if he is unaware that some information he needs is labeled by the equivalent concept non-conventional weapon whose access is denied to him.


to avoid cryptanalysis attacks originating from non-members, the TEK should be regularly (e.g.


Adopting this, NLV can check whether the claimed neighbors are really located within geographically two hops away.

then, x in return provides u with one-time certi.cates for each neighbor of v; these one-time certi.cates falsely attest that v has new neighbor x.Node u sends this information to v over the covert channel.


6.2 CFI optimizations We next describe two simple CFI optimizations.

as an example, PittSFIeld [21] reserves ebx as the scratch register.


Given the popularity and uniqueness of Microsoft Windows systems, it is critical to have a tool to comprehensively examine the access control con.gurations.

the attacker s initial ability is controlling an unprivileged process with access token at0.


This was the behavior of the original Oink/CQual++ linker.

developing a complete implementation that can handle all of the code idiosyncrasies found in the wild has proven beyond the resources of our research group, but we are con.dent that a commercial-scale implementation could eliminate these shortcomings.


The trust model taxonomy in the guidelines is shown in Figure 3.

the SP correctly verifies the assertion and allows the MITM to login.


The growth of e-commerce on the World Wide Web has been limited by the reluctance of consumers to release personal information.

it also prevents direct communication between different applications.


An important technical point is that since dx,y ' contains both pieces multiplied together, an attacker will be unable to separate these pieces out and decrypt the tracing and broadcast portions of the system separately.

suppose MH AdvA[1] >E for some adversary Aand non-negligible E.Since E is a secure ABE we know that MH AdvA (de.ned in Game 1) is negligible.


s zone-based deployment model [2] and the RoK scheme [3] on which our proposed scheme is built on.

zo-RoK combines the best parts of Du et al.


Other countermeasures can be more complicated to represent mathematically, depending also on the level of details adopted.

this is often the situation with natural disasters such as hurricanes which cannot be prevented so instead a recovery strategy is developed.


we validated the blacklisting by observing that subsequent attempts to connect to our Tor bridge (IP,port)-combinations resulted in a successful SYN packet from the VPS to our bridge, followed by spoofed TCP RSTs transmitted to the client and bridge to terminate the TCP connection.


If adopted, this will help a lightweight client determine if a transaction has been spent or not.

to perform conflict resolution, VE R SU M uses a conflict resolution protocol inspired by Quin, but modified to support VE RSUM s functional model and incremental computation.


Conclusion and Work in Progress  This paper described CMAT-V, a VMI utility for live memory analysis of a guest VM.

cMAT-V modifies XenAccess by removing the dependence on these user provided files.


CIRT may find it necessary to work with the business continuity team to ensure the organization gets back to working quickly see section 5 [Osborne, 2001].

along with the increased benefits to an organization, a company also faces increased risks.


[10], would make the protocol signi.cantly more expensive.

[0, nqS ], we de.ne an intermediate game Gi 2 which follows G3 on calls to Server ' j for j = i and follows G2 on calls to Server ' j for j>i.


In Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS 11, pages 15:1 15:14, New York, NY, USA, 2011.

in this section, we propose several feasible alternatives for developers to avoid this issue by tackling the key factor -the establishment of connection between real phone numbers and virtual user accounts in .awed messenger applications: 1) Make phone numbers be queried with a one-at-a-time constraint, which meets users needs and meanwhile removes the chance for attackers to launch large scale attacks.


Certainly, effective location proof could prevent our attack, but the typical location proof techniques include using the deployed trusted infrastructures (e.g., cell tower or Wi-Fi access points) [25] or using environmental signals as the location tags [24, 34, 9].

to evaluate the proposed solution, we compare the uniform grid reference system with non-uniform grid reference system based on the data set collected from our real-world experiments.


General Terms Security, Measurement, Experimentation.

in OSCAR, nine test cases were not applicable to the available functionality.


Ten attacks are manually launched against each web application under di.erent circumstances, such as logging as a di.erent user, performing a di.erent sequence of actions before launching the attack, etc.

at runtime, Analyzer evaluates incoming SQL queries and instructs Sensor to block malicious queries.


An Attack test case corresponds to a log containing some malicious behavior, as opposed to a Normal test case which contains no such behavior.

3), a logging protocol LP can be described by a set of executable operations.


Nevertheless, the incurred overheadis stilllow(about4.2%).

such instructions are absent in the typical ISA supporting DEP.


Au is required to perform distG(u,v) + 1 decryptions, where distG(u,v) denotes the length of the shortest path between u and v in G.The EBC supports insertions, but not deletions, of classes and edges in the hierarchy without re-distributing private information to the classes a.ected by such changes.

for example, some internet providers o.er prepaid plans which require the credit to be used in a limited period of time.


Our method of forcing the variants to perform the required operations is based on the fact that the monitor only needs to read from or write to the address spaces of the variants when they are suspended at a system call.

the OS receives the correct values when running the system call.


The return address is always located at o.set [ebp + 4] on the call stack.

the process is terminated and an alert is generated when an attack is suspected.


To that end, what we do is: we carry out a depth-.rst search (DFS) of the graph G(V , E), which gives us one or more depth-.rst trees (DFT).

for graphs no such notion has been de.ned.


additionally, ACR extraction needs to infer the appropriate permissions based upon the identified relation (action).


Then for every possible A and for every possible scheduler, there exists a computationally secure AMPC protocol to securely compute f with communication complexity of O(((cM + cR)· n 3 + n 3 ).)bits.

the protocol always terminates for an honest D and Pking and has communication complexity O(n 2 .).


Their adoptability is also contingent on reduced device costs, which further imposes design restrictions [8].

in our proposal, we need 1 concatenation at both the initiator and the responder (1 × C ON C AT ).


We manually checked those alerts and found they are all false positives.


The process of k-anonymization of a database is a NP-Hard problem [29], and hence approximate k-anonymity algorithms have been proposed before [5].

each node in the star has k +f -1 edges coming from the clique by construction even though there are k + f nodes in the clique.


ONE-WAY HASH CHAIN MAINTENANCE 5.1 Refreshing a Broken OHC An intermediate node performs the veri.cation process up to w times.

such an attack is limited in two respects.


Partially informed: The tracer does not know in advance what collusion channel will be used, so the encoding is aimed at arbitrary attacks.

if the pirate attack behaves symmetrically both in the colluders and in the positions i, then the collusion channel can be modeled by a vector ( .


These videos were published to the university website, and students were instructed to view them and then take a short security awareness quiz based on the points illustrated in the videos.

it is likely that these students will have a fond remembrance of the videos they saw and that this experience will be a factor in making them more security savvy computer users.


Obviously, we do not want to set trivial assignments.

we recognize that, by themselves, technical safeguards are insu.cient; it only takes one student to work on malware outside a secure laboratory to render technical precautions moot.


further designed a query modi.cation approach to enforce privacypoliciesina Hippocratic Database.

the independence assumption is consistent with real-world scenarios.


Also, let E1 and E2 be the set of corresponding etuples for these queries.

if Mallory observes a sequence of m queries and their respective set of etuples (E1, E2,· · · Em), she can erate = m 1 m(m-1) di.erent non-trivial constraints from 2 2 m di.erent range queries.


Perhaps the most popular of these is Microsoft Outlook/Exchange, using them for e-mail.6 Outlook, however, is designed to be friendly to the user to present a pleasing and functional user interface and as a result what is displayed to the user is only the Common Name portion of the DN the user-friendly portion.

public Key as Name For those using public key cryptography the solution is remarkably simple.


Finally, we take Alice s opinions on her contacts into account by adjusting the value of the likelihood score based on the preference tag pti in ci s pro.le.

we leave this as interesting future work.


Eng., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 2002, Choosing passwords: security and human factors, ISTAS,pp 369 373.

the importance of how to protect personal information and confidential information is increasing.


Infact, aspresented,DRM can solvethe criticalissues of a current videosurveillance system, considering their twofold nature: covering and standardizing the automation of the surveillance activity, whileputtingin thehands of the users the appropriate technical means to control the access to their private information.

tools for protecting the privacy of speci.c individuals in video.


Parameters such as key type, key size or signing algorithm cannot be speci.ed using this wizard.

technical Report TR-13-03, School of Computer Science, Carleton University, 2013.


Let forward(a, H, T ) denote this set of segments.

for example, if a user is assigned a task to write a report that analyzes her company s sales performance, then the user will be granted the privileges to query the company s sales database, as this privilege is indispensable to .nish the report.


The LBS would maintain a GIS database of di.erent events and shops.

to provide the right data at the right time and place, we must cache the responses from the LBS along the predicted path.


Current sensor nodes 1Each sensor reading is assumed to be an integer lack hardware support for tamper-resistance.

(We refer to this scheme as the XMAC-based scheme.)


Additionally, temporal constraints are not considered, nor ef.cient strategies for key generation.

we assume that documents to be protected are encoded according to XML [11].


Freeware, shareware or mobile code can be downloaded or executed within a VM to minimize the security risk [7][13].

although Secom is designed for OS-level virtual machines, with some changes it should also be applicable to other types of virtual machines (e.g.


However, this approach only allows determining the entire set of processes or .les that were taintedby anyisolation environment.

for this experiment, we tainted all invocations of an application and measured the number of tainted .les in the system and the amount of logging that would have occurred over the course of 10-14 days.


It proposes and implements a generic log processing library, called GLoP (GPU Log Processing).

this creates problems when the text contains patterns across two chunks.


For instance, the formal veri.cation introduced by seL4 does not include the .rmware or the SMM code, which could negate all seL4 guarantees.

microsoft Corporation Technical Report, 2006.


The checksum function is carefully designed to o.er optimal performance.

we suggest such endeavors as fertile ground for future research.


GrIDS uses multiple rule sets to determine how graphs are built and alerts generated.

most messaging networks can implement our proposed framework without any major modi.cation of their existing infrastructure.


An Uninstantiable Random-Oracle-Model Scheme for a Hybrid-Encryption Problem.

permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.


NMIs are blocked until the measurement is done, while exceptions or other interrupts indicate an unexpected behavior that may require invalidation of the measurement operation.

we develop a measurement agent and use it in HyperSentry to verify the integrity of Xen at runtime.


A secure hash function will prevent this type of attack.

the second is beyond the scope of this paper, as it covers application-speci.c side-channels, and is dependent upon the implementation and use of the system.


Placed in isolation, a victim knows neither which other users have been compromised nor what information they have surrendered.

the .rst experiment is designed to study how well DRSteg performs.


3.6 The effect of time We did not explicitly set out to explore the e.ect of time on CVE/yr.

it is therefore excluded from our analysis.


4.6 Auditing The proposed law regarding the EPD emphasizes extensive logging and auditing of these logs as a cornerstone of EPD security [18].


The main contribution of this work is to address this de.ciency by providing a formal, comprehensive model and de.nition of security for group AKE which automatically encompasses insider attacks.


Application keys can be generated using secure symmetric encryption key generation functions such as AES [20].

our security model di.ers in providing provable identity to native applications.


For example, we also tested a linear decrease policy, but found exponential decrease can tolerate more false alarms.

fSA tends to raise a large number of false alarms, which makes it impractical for runtime malware detection.


As this issue was addressed in [36], interested readers should consult that work for more information.

this attack model is so extreme that only the most dedicated and motivated adversaries would undertake such a task.


Intuitively, c can purchase the .ltering service from all the f -providers to maximize its bene.t.

understanding the ef.cacy of deployed internet source address validation .ltering.


Microsoft Next Generation Secure Computing Base (NGSCB) [7] would support both attestation and sealing.

we believe only permitting a subset of programs in the TCB to modify .le policies will make it easier to develop secure TCBs; however, this precaution is not strictly necessary.


Whereas other expressiveness notions allow an analyst to make statements such as, System Y admits a simulation of form S of Z, parameterized expressiveness makes statements such as, If system Z can implement workload W while preserving the set of properties G, then Y can implement W while preserving G, which is more closely aligned with the practical concerns associated with a system s expressiveness.

5.2 Cost Measures While the type of expressiveness analysis carried out by an analyst is de.ned by a set of security guarantees that must be upheld, the type of cost analysis is parameterized by the costs to be examined.


3.2.3 DataFlowTransformationtoHideTagFlow The .ow of tag propagation is still not resilient enough since it onlyinvolvesnormal useof taggeddata.


The foreign agency is not trusted by the owner and may try to disrupt an agent or have access to its internal state.

if the owner could use all possible n blinding factors, the information available to the agency would be a random permutation of the integers in the interval [0, n--l].


al [8] developed another intrusion detection system known as MINDS using unsupervised anomaly detection techniques and supervised pattern analysis techniques to detect attacks from real network tra.c.

anomaly based detection techniques detect unknown attacks based on the assumption that the attack data deviate from normal data behaviour.


Public veri.cation can be obtained by having the client publish A = e(g, g)a and the vector VKx = e(g, g)R·x (again computed fast using closed-form e.ciency of the PRF), and then anybody can verify the fol y lowing vector equation e(xt, g)= Ax· VKx (component-wise).

so, dividing the two veri.cation i=1 i a by-y equations, we obtain that e( = e(g1 ,g B can V /V, g2) 2) .


Seatbelt is easy to use; however, it may not detect OpenID login form .elds precisely, because a simple text matching technique (e.g., openid, oidurl, open-id, open id) is used to identify them.

studies suggest that security indicators are ine.ective at preventing phishing attacks [10, 34]; and blacklisting of phishing sites has the issue of a high rate of false-positives and false-negatives [48].


It can simply be the Euclidean distance between two locations.

this metric has been widely used for measuring location privacy as well (e.g., [6, 8, 23, 24, 26, 28]).


In Appendix C we prove that µDob(M) and we char (A M) = µDob acterize optimal di.erentially private mechanisms (in terms ) in Section 3.3. of µDob 3.3 Characterizing the Dobrushin Coef.cientof Ergodicity In this section we characterize optimal di.erentially private mechanisms.

o and for all pairs (i1,i2) of database instances that di.er only in the insertion or deletion of one individual s information, PM(O | i1) = eEPM(O | i2).


Security in mobile phones -handset and networks perspective.

since the temporary .les are speci.c to an installer run, we can use untrusted temporary .les for an installation by an untrusted installer.


In Proceedings of Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID), LNCS, pages 22 36, Davis,CA, October 2001.


From (25), users of di.erent types, may vary by their risk aversion (i.e., the shape of function U = Uk(·)), security cost function h = hk(·), initial wealth W = Wk, and L = Lk.

such speci.cation is unsuitable for analyzing large scale networks.


of IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated SoftwareEngineering (ASE), pages 164 173, 2007.

we used i* goal models for capturing security properties, before and after applying security patterns.


The sensors log the process from which the system call originated and report the number of calls made per second to each function.

this site includes course information, links to resources, homework assignments, lecture notes, and video lectures.


..m and the sender inputs a vector of pairs of e-bit strings (x0,x1)i, i =1 ...n. At the end of the protocol, the chooser learns the selected strings xri,i, but nothing about the other strings x1-ri,i whereas the sender learns nothing about the choices ri.

2.1.1 Yao s Garbled Circuit Protocol Yao s garbled circuit protocol [Yao86] allows two parties, a server and a client, to jointly compute a function f represented as boolean circuit on their respective private inputs x and y.


The output of the error correction code is XORed with the hash value of the helper data; with this addition, any change in the helper data will on average lead to a change of 50% of the key bits.

recent work in this direction [39, 35] presented more precise approaches to derive the bit error probability distribution of a PUF.


In this paper, we propose a novel digital audio watermarking scheme based on the quantizaiton of coefficients.

to copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.


Like most complex IT systems, Grid middleware systems exhibit a number of security problems, and there will always be attacks that are unknown and can circumvent even the best security measures and intrusion detection systems.

the main design goal of our work is to periodically refresh the Grid server from a clean read only image every couple of minutes, thus removing any attack code from the Grid system, if it was detected or not.


The modules are called sni.er, cleaner and analyzer.

figure 2: Temperature values of T/L 1.1 and T/L 1.2 over the course of 6 weeks (upper) and values of T/L 1.2 over the course of 7 days (lower).


Our results clearly show that we are able to determine the correct PIN out of a set of 50 random PINs within the .rst ten guesses about 80% of the time.

this means that experiments were performed in o.ce rooms that were uniformly illuminated via tube lights, in a living room with a standard ceiling lamp, and in rooms where the only light source was a window.


While our hash algorithm reads data in a perfectly coalesced fashion, the writes at both levels are highly uncoalesced.

asistypicalwith .ood-.lling,ifthe initializationwas incorrectthe results mightbe wrong.Wedoa .nal check, using anotherkernel, to see if any inside cell is a neighbor of an outside cell; if so the initialized cells in M causing the con.ict are cleared and the .ood.ll is restarted from the remaining cells of M. This has produced good results in the examples we tried.


INTRODUCTION The problem of secure multiparty computation was .rst introduced by Yao [24].

[14] D. Mayer, G. Neugebauer, U. Meyer, and S. Wetzel.


CONCLUSIONS This paper proposes a new authorization scheme that combats untrusted cloud servers by adopting CP-ABE, ElGamallike masks, proxy re-encryption, and lazy re-encryption to achieve user-centric and end-to-end security.

for a challenge message, the cryptographic cost at a server is CP-ABE encryption (2|L| +2 exponentiations); and for a response message, the computa n tion cost at a consumer is CP-ABE decryption (2|IL| +1 pairing operations).


The code size of parapass-through drivers is expected to be much smaller than that of traditional device drivers: they only need to monitor control I/Os to keep track of states of the devices, and intercept data I/Os to inspect or manipulate contents of I/O data.

threat Model and Assumptions This section describes the threat model and assumptions we made in designing and implementing parapass-through hypervisors.


The signatures produced will have the same authentication functionality as the MACs in the symmetric case.

figure 1 shows the network model assumed and the protocol execution steps on the sender and receiver ends.


The basic idea of the accenting is that the origin identities can be piggybacked on communications at the interfaces between different system components without affecting their internal logic.

the script of body.onClick() can traverse in Frame1 s DOM tree as long as the traversal does not reach the window proxy level.


and Approximately how many times have you used online banking services in the last 6 months?

in session 1, participants saw 33 emails in Bobby s inbox: a set of 16 before-training emails (the before set), a training intervention, and a set of 16 additional emails shown immediately after training (the immediate set).


Virtual Browser has its own HTML parser, CSS parser, and Java-Script interpreter, which are independent from the native browser.

in this paper, we propose Virtual Browser, a virtualized browser built on top of a native browser to sandbox third-party JavaScript.


This makes the Delegated Model, the most important model for incorporating attestation in heterogeneous and distributed environments.

it is the responsibility of the SR platform to contact the VS and get the required credential.


As part of the speci.cation of the protocol, the time period length will be determined and made known.

in some applications, deterrents alone may not be su.cient.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.

in fact, not many attacks are known on Mobile Java with the exception of Gowdiak s attack on the byte code veri.er of Nokia mobilephones[25]althoughJavasecurityproblemsin general are well-demonstrated [17].


Journal of Environmental Psychology (Nov. 2010).


This approach simpli.es the administration work, while reducing the threat of a rogue administrator transferringkeys to an untrusteddevice.

figure5shows thedifferenceinperformancebetween ourPUFbased key generation and using RSA to encrypt an AES key.


Unfortunately, the amount of data that can be placed on optical media is constrained, and in any event, studios would rather use the space to offer consumers additional video features than devote significant space to storing movie variations for forensic purposes.

sCOTT implements the recursive Set Cover Tracing algorithm: when trying to find a coalition of size T, for example, it picks a player, removes all the movies that that player explains, and then recursively run the algorithm on the reduced movie list looking for a coalition of size T-1 that explains it.


Fragile watermarking algorithms are usually strict tamper detection tools.

in-depth analysis showed that the areas which su.ered distorsion did not have any negative real roots.


For instance, assuming that the list of possible cues/targets are 0, ,9 and they follow a predetermined fixed order, then the targets 4 and 5 have the minimum average response time.

it remains a question if an even better the user is asked to: 1) find the hidden response in the button design can be made to further reduce the average login time.


These location-based services rely on an accurate, continuous, and realtime stream of location data.

the user s actual location will always lie on one of these previously or newly predicted paths.


It follows the Canetti-Krawczyk (CK) model [7, 8] for key-agreement protocols, adapted to the certi.cateless model.

each onion router must compute only one pairing.


3.4.1 PDS with Proxy Re-encryption In some applications, the patient s involvement in the genetic test is not desired (except for his consent to the test).

if only one of these potential end-results matches the actual end-result of the test, the MC automatically learns the states (contents) of all the SNPs of P in .i.


Since the .ow-sensitivity nature of BOSH, it is less vulnerable to single-point of leakage.

finally, dynamic analysis has the coverage problem in that it may require suf.cient test cases to expose many bugs and vulnerabilities, which are usuallyhiddenin rareprogrampaths.


For example, the operating system may update a .eld representing a performance counter quite frequently, but its value is not signi.cant to the correct operation of the OS.

the constraints check to see that the Type and Size .elds match prede.ned constants, that the ThreadListHead pointer is greater than a certain value, and that the DirectoryTableBase is aligned to 0x20 bytes.


The background image appears also to reduce other predictable characteristics such as global symmetry and centering within the drawing grid that led to weak DAS passwords.

experiment 2 had a slightly different outcome where the most common creations were random constructions of lines and shapes with no significant meaning to the participant.


AdSentry [9] is a con.nement solution for JavaScript-based advertisement scripts.

in Section 4 we introduce four new types of vulnerabilities discovered during our crawl.


Generally three points are considered in the thresholdbased methods: 1) Specification of a suspicious behaviour; For example in Snort [13] which is an open source IDS, a suspicious behaviour is defined based on the number of connection requests received from a source in a destination in a certain time window.

more importantly sophisticated attacking methods challenge protection methods.


First we test raw HTML5 compatibility using a standard benchmark.

in the wake of the CA compromises and growing cyber-political tension, researchers have given increased attention to the CA model.


Moreover, Aurora has been successfully transferred to the commercial domain (i.e., the StreamBase engine [9]), and redesigned with distributed functionalities (i.e., Borealis [1]).

users specify queries by adding boxes to the graph.


Internet users are encouraged to contribute content and data exchange between di.erent Web applications through the DOM is increasingly used.

from a conceptual point of view, such an approach can also be used to limit what an adversary can achieve with scriptless attacks, since it prevents side channels from ex.ltrating stolen information.


We use E1 in Algorithm 1 for sampling the dendrogram and E2 in Algorithm 2 for calculating the probabilities associated with the sampled dendrogram.

v do 4 Find the lowest common ancestor r of i and j in Tsample; 5 Place an edge in GGbetween i and j with independent probability pGr; 6 end 7 return sanitized graph GG; also a method to sample an output x .


access Control System for grid security infrastructure using community authorization service (CAS) [6], matching method and counting method is developed.


In summary, although current reputation mechanisms are capable of identifying lies, they lack measures to enforce voluntary and honest recommending.

trust is generally di.cult to establish between strangers [25], because they do not have any previous experiences and are not subject to a network of informed entities about their behaviors.


One benefit of using the X.509 certificates with SAML assertions is that user data is propagated through Kraken to TGCDB for every job, so per-user job data and statistics for the gateway can be retrieved using the TeraGrid's new centralized REST-based information service.

iNTRODUCTION As the popularity of science gateways and their use for access to TeraGrid computational science resources continues to grow, so do the methods of implementation of these science gateways.


A further set of tests with a fresh set of users would have been necessary to resolve this issue, however it wasn t considered productive since the goal was to determine how to make existing PKI technology more practical and not to design yet another PKI-alternative.

the generated certificate is obtained by fetching it from the certificate store.


We found that Alharthi and Atrey s method [1] has theadvantageof speedbut itproducessomeunusableshares (especially .rst few shares).

the new method presented in this paper not only allow the use of all the shares but it is also computationally e.cient.


Clear-text communication is ignored by belief logics since it does not identify the source.

redirection to a manipulated callback URI.


Finding such an M * implies that A has found a polynomial mM* such that mM* does not perfectly divide tTi .

then A would still need to .nd second preimages in H as in case 1toconstruct a corresponding template T * .


But not all such data is equally relevant.

the existing set of roles should su.ce to endow the new employee with all the permissions that he needs to accomplish his job.


Analog to the frame size, also c~ is a parameter that in-fluences the trade-off between perceptual transparency and detection reliability: very small/large values of a may result in perceptual transparency/distortions and low/high water- mark detection reliabilities.

detection: The SPOMF cross-correlation approach offered a robust technology for blind detection of wa- termarks in digital audio.


Dwork proves in [3] that for every privacy de.nition, there exists some background knowledge that results in disclosure of sensitive information and therefore violation of individual privacy.

this notion is captured by the di.erential privacy protection mechanism [3].


Nodes represent basic blocks and edges are control transfers.

the above problem is identical to the feedback vertex set problem [13], which is NP-complete when any non-cyclic paths from C is smaller than k. we can easily reduce our problem to this one and use one of its approximation approaches.


The problem is that both versions of the installer would use the same log .le, and we cannot give a single .le two types, even if it made sense.

the installer clearly receives input from untrusted processes (e.g., the untrusted programs themselves) which is necessary for correct functioning.


A machine adversary can still make use of exploited popular websites, and have a large number of innocent users to solve the distorted images.

we address authentication scenarios where a human user is the claimant and a computer is the veri.er.


In addition, features such as proving predicates that involve credentialsissuedbydifferentIdPs can onlybe achieved using special protocols between those IdPs.

thedisclosed attributes can, in case of strings, not be mapped to their original value, thus, they have to be transmitted from the user to the veri.er.


DYNAMIC TRUST ANCHOR MANAGE-MENT: THE NEXT CHALLENGE PKIs enable trust judgments between distributed users without the need of a direct interaction between them.


The possibility of fake sensors should be minimized in possibly varying situations.

they neither discuss use of security metrics in adaptive security management nor propose specific metrics.


On the contrary, metrics are generated from analysis.

inside static monitoring point of anti-virus countermeasure.


eVALUATION Performance is king for server-side JavaScript and the main goal of our benchmarking experiment is to verify the impact of introducing NodeSentry on the two major performance drivers.


For more evasion techniques, we refer readers to [29].

manufacturing cheap, resilient, and stealthy opaque constructs.


The equations of state metric, however, is only at 50% due to the fact that Sean has been moving at a high rate of speed since previous e-mails and updates were received from Sean.

the focus of this paper is about authentication for critical applications.


CONCLUSIONS We took the data from our network s captured training and validation data set and applied our new bootstrapping methodology where we created 20 submodels and combined those submodels into one meta-model.

we can assume that the doubling of the number of reported attacks will continue and we must be prepared to use any means to combat this ever-increasing trend [6].


which can be reformulated by Lemma A.1 to

u, to a reputation category which is com ' .


Instead of publishing an n-gram signature, we can instead insert the n-grams into a Bloom .lter and publish it.2 Since Bloom .lters support both insert and verify, set 2This is not to be confused with Anagram s use of a BF model; here, individual alerts are placed into Bloom .lters.

z-Strings still have an O(n lg n) creation overhead in the size of the alphabet.


In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pages 2 16, 1999.

the dynamic taint analysis conservatively marks the complete checkpoint as tainted during restart.


The overall scores are 1656, 1370 and 1366 for vanilla Android, TaintDroid and LazyTainter, respectively.

if the transparent object is clean and the input value is also clean, then nothing is done.


Round Hole For most things that the user does, he does not need a "secure" operating system.

therefore we must allow the user to do most of the work on an untrusted system and only involve the trusted system at the moment of trust.


POSTER: Identity-Based Steganography and Its Applications to Censorship Resistance Tim Ruf.ngSaarland University Jonas Schneider Saarland University Aniket Kate MMCI, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany tim.ruf.ng@stud.unisaarland.de Saarbrücken, Germany s9joscne@stud.unisaarland.de Saarbrücken, Germany aniket@mmci.unisaarland.de ABSTRACT The use of public-key steganography has been proposed for several censorship-resistance systems.

in identity-based encryption, forward security can be achieved by dividing time into intervals and concatenating the current interval to the identity string.


The more complex the functional model, the more complex and harder to understand the transformation.

evaluations are performed on computer security products and systems called Target Of Evaluation (TOE).


This made the transition to the new technology smoother.

the automated noti.cations were not entirely effective, because there are various stages of termination: We were getting status change noti.cations regarding employee departures... not universally 100% e.ective because what can happen is employees can not quite depart.


To calibrate the IDS, we divide the resulting traces into a validation and test set.

events can be categorized into two main types: (1) VM events, which are architectural-level and system events related to the virtualized guest OS executing inside the VM, and (2) VMM events, which relate to the state of the VMM itself.


From the above lemma, to determine the maximal l.xl2 over the polyhedron P it is su.cient to compute l.xl2 at each vertex of the polyhedron.

consequently, to be able to deal with continuous-time plants it is necessary to discretize the controlled plant, while taking into account real-time issues introduced by communication and computation schedules.


In this way, TaintCheck marks data from suspicious sources as tainted, traces tainted data .ow and blocks the usage of tainted data at vulnerable points.

checkpoints contain su.cient state to permit an application to roll back and then replay/continue the execution.


(p1,p2,...,pn) represents the composition of the sub-policies using .. 2 Since sub-policies are themselves policies, one may apply ((·)) to them.3 The relationship between ((.

if [p] (q ' )= error,then p.e ' =.., a contradiction.


As the device driver which does not use Cache feature is text device driver, those except block device belong to this.

this study, recognizing the danger of invasion through such LKM Kernel backdoor, will provide alternative for the limitation which the existing integrity check couldn t prevent intrusion through Kernel backdoor.


We explained that upon successfully logging in, they would receive a $0.50 bonus payment for their time, as well as see whether they quali.ed for the beta test.

our intended conditions were as follows: 1.


States with a single incoming transition on character ci are grouped into groupci.

an unbounded processing time would in fact open the way to algorithmic and denial of service attacks.


Proving such statements is of course possible for any signature and encryption scheme.

i have enjoyed countless fruitful discussions with them and many have become close friends.


As it will be more clear later on, semantic technologies greatly facilitate the speci.cation of this kind of policies.

the simple logical inference that if B is a friend of A, then A is a friend of B can not be implemented by SWRL, in that this would imply to create a new instance of the Friendship class.


The major task for alert correlation is performed in the preprocessing phase.

simply discarding uncorrelated alerts is dangerous, since some of them may be true alerts, which correspond to individual attacks or attacks our method fails to correlate.


The core idea is to delegate authorization to a trusted third party called a Permit Granting Service (PGS).

the current OAuth protocol suffers from a major flaw: once a user grants access to a consumer, it is possible (with knowledge of the consumer s security tokens) to access the user s data anytime and from anywhere [11].


In many cases, the application never accesses certain parts of the input.

most of the descriptions in this section show how Tupni analyzes a single run of a parsing application on a particular input.


Interoperability challenges for DRM systems.

comparing MPEG-21 and OMA provides an example of the kinds of challenges that face the designers of import/export regimes.


Here we show the growth in the number of messages that may be sent assuming a success rate of 1%, 5%, or 10%.

our experiments exhibit a measured average yield of 11% per collection of unique users.


[27] Ye, N., Chen, Q., and Borror, C. Ewma forecast of normal system activity for computer intrusion detection.

the changes of the values illustrate snort inline successfully protected the host system against novel UDP attacks.


(As mentioned earlier, when the target constraints include egds, it may be possible that there are no solutions and hence no universal solutions.

a structure B()is a substructure of Aif nee=o h,R aaeeaeh Aand , for .


[3] I. Daubechies, Ten Lectures on Wavelets, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, 1992.

our algorithm represents these displacements compactly in the form of sparse wavelet coef.cients.


A lot of CLASP is best practices, not new research [20].


Besides disclosing her student ID, she also tells Bob that in order to see her o.cial transcript, Bob must prove that his online book store belongs to the Better Business Bureau.

though theoretically there is no hope to establish trust, Alice may still continue the negotiation until she cannot make any safe disclosures.


For instance, in some UNIX based systems an IP address is locked when R repeated attempts come from a particular IP address, even if different usernames m are used.

the attacker wants to find g = p so k i that when (m , g ) = (m , p ) is presented to S, access is granted ik ii and attacker is accepted as a user.


By De.nition 4, the state corresponding to a state yqpmay also depend upon the state-transition rule being considered.

we believe that the notion of state-matching reductions is quite natural by itself, and certainly necessary when compositional queries are of interest.


Stoller et al [34] proposed the .rst .xed-parameter-tractable algorithm for analyzing ARBAC policies.

before topologically sorting the graph, we do the following preprocessing: (1) vset is a set of attribute values which is in q while not in .


That is, when sampling nearby channels only after some time, there is a better chance of environmental changes occurring.

bACKGROUND In this section, we (i) introduce channel reciprocity, (ii) discuss Jain et al.


With the query transformation, the vertices of the hyper cube are also transformed to vertices of the polyhedron.

without loss of generality, we will discuss how to process half space conditions like Xi = bi in this paper.


Due to space constraints we are unable to provide detailed proofs, which will be added in a technical report as an extension of this paper.


The Approved 2014 Edition Test Procedures from NIST are the most recent version of the test procedures.


In Proceedings of The Cryptographers Track at the RSA Conference, CT-RSA 09, pages 279 294.

anexistingsolution tothis problemis based on symmetric key encryption scheme and so it is not secure when a revoked user rejoins the system with different access privilegestothesamedatarecord.


Given the fact that arbitrary system .les are accessible, other attacks are also conceivable.

security and Trust API for J2ME, 2007. http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/jsr177.


If the judge J has access to the static secrets of the alleged participants, J can distinguish between authentic and simulated transcripts.

we can also achieve this by deriving a chatroom-speci.c MAC key from gki, which veri.es that messages are designated for sidi.


The processing, communication, and storage overheads do not depend on the size of the group, but on the number of compromised group members that may collude together.

[29] M. Steiner, G. Tsudik, and M. Waidner.


Ideally this should include the observation of users spontaneous behavior and communication processes while they are taking place, or as they have taken place [8, 9], and should aim to gather different data sets from different communication channels so that they can be interpreted in counterpoint.

as reflected in its structure, its contribution is three faceted, each contribution being dependent on the others.


This gives us the acceptable range of the variable.

for each experiment, with the case and reference SNP sequences .xed, Tr was computed for each SNP sequence in the case, reference, and the test groups.


The Disappearing Stroke technique is the second best defence.

reducing Shoulder Surfing by Using Gaze-based Password Entry.


[15] M. Nelson, A. Nahapetian, F. Koushanfar, M. Potkonjak.

it provides a simple and practical way to conduct GLC accurately regardless of the structure and functionality of the design.


H(K~IS~,...,Sn ) = H(Kj): We note that, for each j, the polynomials s~°~)ix, y), s~(bD"(x,y), and r~(x,y) " from which secret key points are taken are selected randomly and independent from the selection of any Kj, p~(x), or q~(x).

later in the paper, we sketch an extension to our proto-col which allows self-enforcement.


Unlike DES, AES engine in XMEGA is interfaced through 5 dedicated registers in the I/O address space.

we conclude that utmost care should be taken when using XMEGA in embedded applications dealing with security, i.e.


In this case, whenever a guest accesses a con.guration space, the request is intercepted by the VMM, which incurs a signi.cant performance overhead.

for example, in Type I VMMs (such as Xen), there is no host OS but only the VMM and a privileged VM (e.g., Xen s Dom0) that manages other unprivileged guest virtual machines.


For example, when a new resource is added into the system, it is assigned its corresponding category of resource.

for example: Alice can read .le F1 between 8:00 am and 4:00 pm , or Doctors can read medical .les of patients in emergency situations .


Our approach cannot deal with the destination IP address issue without a proxy server, the destination IP may be used to deduce the communication participants.

the identi.er namespaces are large enough that the probability of collisions in networks is negligible.


We consider the more complex attack graph shown in Figure 3 to demonstrate the analysis.


CeDER-06-02 [5] S. J. Nielson, S.A. Crosby, D.S.

a suspect case should be subject to further analysis.


In Bayesian probability, a class of prior probability distributions P (.)

.rst-hand reputation information is merged asis, while second-hand information is discounted by the factor .AC expressing the disbelief in the accuracy of the report.


we chose to measure performance without SSL.


Our commitment scheme can be based on any stand-alone secure trapdoor commitment scheme.

still, it should be stressed that (similar to standard ROM) as soon as the gRO is replaced by a concrete hash function, the security guarantees provided by this model are inevitably only heuristic.


There are also many approaches [35, 37, 4, 16, 13, 5, 33] for controlling access to services and trust management in distributed systems and an advanced standardization process for policies and access control (see for instance the OASIS proposals [12, 26]).

thus we propose to use BPEL4WS itself as a language in which requests are coded.


Previous work has shown that users, given the option, tend to create simple passwords [13, 8, 3].

we also know that Plato has a 70% chance of memorizing a seven digit number when he .rst sees it, and a 30% chance of failing to do so.


LAMPORT SIGNATURES The basic idea behind Lamport signatures [33] is fairly simple.

in PQCrypto 2006: International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography, pages 141 158, May 2006.


Doing so would constrain higherdegree design decisions and cut the photographer o. from design options that would improve the result.

the task of a photographer is to convey a message visually.


For example, during normal usage, the parameter of a plugin s method may always contain a URL.

this gives us a comprehensive picture of the behavior of a page.


While this dependence enforces a strict or-der on the key setup, it does not alter the basic techniques for accomplishing it.

their scheme, as a result of taking this approach, only achieves robustness again.gt corrupt servers out of a total of n. This is so since it is based on the architecture suggested in [7], in which each layer of decryption is performed by a quorum of participants, none of which - due to requirements of privacy - may participate in any other layer.


Co-residence checks were performed via comparison of Dom0 IPs.

in the following we will often use instances run by one of our own accounts as proxies for victims.


In particular, the emulator should not use the same shared libraries as the process being emulated.

the different solutions may or may not be produced manually, and the number of solutions is typically quite small, around ten.


These devices used a variety of operating systems, to include Windows XP, Windows 2000, Linux, and Solaris.

further, little-used services like ditraceware were found in the UCF data that ran against our model and caused those packets to be tagged as highly probable attacks.


Columns seven, eight, and nine show the results of our approach.

experimental results show that our algorithm achieves 29% of memory reduction compared with the traditional AC algorithm for total Snort string patterns.


3.1 Performance Metrics Key generation (or update) time, signature time, and veri.cation time are all indicators of a signature scheme s performance.

we would like a forward-secure signature scheme to perform not much worse than a standard one, in terms of time (for key generation, signing and verifying), and space (key size and signature size).


Attackers can use QR codes for various types of attacks.

we installed them in a HTC Nexus One with Android 2.3.6 and used them to scan QR codes with benign URLs randomly chosen from DMOZ [13], a manually edited directory, and QR codes with malicious URLs selected from PhishTank [14], a blacklist of phishing URLs, to find out the features of these scanners.


The entry for N refers to a green list table which includes A4.

conSpec has been speci.cally designed for high level languages, e.g., Java, which makes it suitable for the Android environment.


Each .ltering sub ject is associated with a single trusted subject (not all trusted subjects have .ltering subjects).

this is analogous to measuring the UID a program runs as in traditional UNIX.


A Portable TPM Based on USB Key Dawei Zhang Zhen Han School of Computer and Information School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China University, China dwzhang@bjtu.eu.cn zhan@bjtu.edu.cn Guangwen Yan Research Division, Beijing Watchdata System Company, China guangwen.yan@watchdata.com  ABSTRACT Trusted computing technology aims to enhance the security of platform by the TPM.

the first two problems discussed in section 1 are solved with PTM.


These points are being considered to be secured in the project, especially during the implementation of biometric algorithms.

aspects such as service integrity and vulnerability resulting from each implementation method were analyzed.


Identity-based encryption with e.cient revocation.

the proposed scheme is especially suitable for the application scenarios with a small number of revocations, i.e., r « n, and .ts better in applications in which the space cost, rather than the decryption e.ciency, is a major concern.


Both altitude and attitude can be directly determined from primary .ight instruments, which provide a continuous indication of both.

aCKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Brian Kantor and Cindy Moore, who provided technical assistance and computing support for this work, and to Jennifer Folkestad for assistance with administrative matters.


The thieves in those instances probably did not have the user s login credentials.

some of these methods require special hardware or infrastructure support.


Memory safety and untrusted extensions for tinyos.

the register-based protection is a little more demanding for the RESET routine.


Annals of the Association of American geographers, 87(4):681 699, 1997.

once a more processing oriented legal framework exists, the current focus on restrictive data access policies in the EU, which may be harmful to data business, could be safely relaxed.


E.cient minimum-cost network hardening via exploit dependency graphs.

finally, let A be the set of all attributes.


4 Senator Leahy (D-VT) has a bill in Congress that could close some, if not many, of these holes (S. 854 or the E-RIGHTS Act of the 106th Congress).

: Privacy Concerns and Solutions for Server and Client-Side Storage of Personal Information Deirdre Mulligan and Ari Schwartz Center for Democracy and Technology The best way for a well-meaning company to avoid a privacy gaffe is to refrain from collecting any personal information.1 while companies should limit collection of information to only what is necessary to complete a transaction,2 interactions often require more information.


To conserve space, we make the assumption that through cloud discovery and negotiation mechanisms and matchmaking algorithms, clouds participating in the same federation can be expected to share similar high level architectural properties.

it is realistic for clouds to contract with services to log certain auditable events, as well as require the STS to log token manipulation events.


In Section 6, we apply our design to an example scenario.

if l=5, 2000 For DSA, the cost for verifying a certi.cate is greater than the 1600 cost for generating it.


This also exposes one common limitation of many existingdetectionsystems: they arepassiveand could be slow in terms of detection speed.

examples of these functions include those that directly call send(), or indirectly call functions that wrap send() (several layers of wrapping is possible here).


To prevent such a sequence of states from occurring without denying any read in the sequence, either (a) the creation of a subject or object, or, (b) the write by a subject s 1 on an object o 1 must be denied.


will assign A to B ' , and B to A ' (a total of 160%).

to make it even worse, the proceeding (or succeeding) nodes to this kind of nodes are likely similar to each other.


To achieve this work, however, two main challenges have to be overcome.

keyboard Reconstruction and Keystroke Recovery.


Other mobile botnets have been reported in scienti.c publications that make use of other services available on mobile devices for communication such as SMS/MMS [13, 19, 37, 49, 50] and available open WiFi networks [26].

it has the advantage of sending a trigger message simultaneously to all the phones in a targeted building.


However, as mentioned in Section 3, if a reactive jammer does not know the spreading code for any given bit data, she cannot jam the transmission based on real-time analysis.

this approach was latter enhanced in [7, 18, 20] with various coding techniques to provide more ef.ciency and robustness during key establishment.


In our mimimorphic enginedesign, we selectMT19937PRNG[38], which claims to have equidistribution in 623 dimensions.

this needto handle n-th ordered compartment of nonsense words cannotbear any resemblance toBbecause this taskis aHuffman showedin[1],[2],[3] among others.


Researchers have proposed many techniques for detecting, preventing and containing attacks in web applications.

page equality can often be too unforgiving and modi.cations to thepageby securitypolicies could still allow the page to remain completely functional from a user s perspective.


In 3rd Virtual Machine Research and Technology Symposium (USENIX VM), pages 29 41, May 2004.

the host also wants to be sure that if the client is playing with sensitive data, it does not remove that data from the host s access.


In O. Reingold, editor, Theory of Cryptography,volume 5444 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science,pages 457 473.

finally, the SK P S is publicised while the decryption key DK and the search key secret SK S are securely transmitted to the subscriber.


Group communication con.dentiality requires that only group members could read data even if the data is broadcasted into the entire network [8, 1].

when the authorized duration for a recipient expires, it is necessary to change the common group key into a new key in order to prevent the leaving customer from having access to the content beyond the limit of his authorized duration.


In our work, we de.ne sensitive permissions as permissions that, when granted, permit access to sensitive data and resources.

users have the ability to tailor di.erent pro.les for protecting various  Figure 2: Con.guration of anonymous pro.les via the Pro.le Manager aspects of their identity against a subset of user-installed applications.


Our original recording was in the time domain.

in ACM Conference on Wireless Network Security (WiSec), 2008.


If r1 +r2 =2x mod 2£ then the sign of xis determined by the highest bit of the sum and latter can be evaluated using £ ternary gates.

it is a perfect starting point for a privacy-preserving learning algorithm, since there are only a few operations that require complex cryptographic solutions.


Since the RSs considered in this paper are all of the amplify-and-forward (AF) type, the transmission power of RSs is fixed in this paper.

in this paper, we propose a subcarrier, bit, and power allocation approach for multiuser OFDM that is designed to minimize the total transmission power under constraints consisting of the users QoS requirements and the overall resource availability.


The signal is handled by duPro s runtime to copy the memory page and set the page to be writable, and then the domain code resumes performing the write to the orig inal page.

furthermore, the con.guration language of uPro is extended to allow speci.cation of initial security labels of domains and external objects.


We know that pin m can be low only when a negative acknowledgement has been received (or a timeout has occurred), so this tells us that the acknowledgements toggle switch must be in the on position.

verifying abstract information .ow properties in fault tolerant security devices.


the property of being a variant or a nonvariant a.ects the similarity.


DISCUSSION Based on the proposed ontology, this section discusses on the coverage of existing cybersecurity information standards.

mITRE TECHNICAL REPORT MTR080368 R3, May 2009.


The fact that it works for every user account is its big advantage over the related technique of honeypot accounts.

by meeting with the sysadmin),  shutting down the computer system and requiring all users to establish new passwords.


Eventually, the attacker can repeat this procedure for every pair of subsequent bits such that in the ideal case, only one key bit remains unknown independently of the actual key length.


The user now faces a complex decision: commit early and risk permanently installing some malware, or commit late and have a hard time reconciling several views of the system.

we believe the applicability of this approach is limited primarily to environments where a single entity is responsible for determining what software can be installed on all machines, such as organizations with centralized IT management, or to environments allowing automatic software updates from trusted entities to be applied to machines for individual users.


, µ)) where .1 encodes the attributes of the User ((., .1) corresponds to C, which is a blinded Pedersen commitment to (L1, .


now, it is just as important that the status of the PKI auditors also be conveyed to receivers, and for that purpose, a special digital certificate will similarly be issued by (or on behalf of) an accreditation body to each accredited PKI auditor.


The work in [16] deals with spam SMS messages that contain text in a mixture of Thai and English language words (it is worth pointing out that Thai has a completely different character set).

the acquisition of legitimate SMS messages is a much simpler procedure, but it is necessary for determining the false positive alerts of a system.


[4] Wireless integrated network sensors, University of California.


Without a priori knowledge on the original intentions of policy speci.cation, changing a policy may affect the policy s semantics and may not resolve con.icts correctly.

if we check multiple rules simultaneously, we can identify r3 is redundant considering r2 and r5 together.


Haven must now resume the modi.ed context.

sGX enables the OS to virtualise EPC by paging its contents to other storage [28, §3.5].


Then, after closing the session, the server removes both the tentative user and the corresponding permissions from the matrices.

c C For this state, when Bob activates c2 by session s2 (i.e., ses ci(s2)= {c2 } and ses ui(s2)= Bob), by condition (C13) he has the permissions p1 and p2 .


By avoiding usercustomized settings, we ensure that installed norms can be reasoned about and understood by users and experts who work on the Compass back end.

compass programmers must translate these attributes to boolean return value functions given the context and the post as arguments.


THE MODEL In this section we present the formal model for ERBAC.


In order to make event management more .exible, we have de.ned an interface that every event must implement.


However, a jammer using higher power will further decrease the PDR value and increase the SS measurement, thus pushing the resulting (PDR, S S) pair further towards the upper left corner, making it more distinct the benign-region.

we next examined the issue of whether spectral discrimination techniques would be able to distinguish between normal and jammed scenarios.


Some encryption schemes have additional properties.

we further require that this equational theory be closed under one-to-one renamings, but not necessarily closed under substitutions of arbitrary terms for names.


In comparison to distant downstream control, the local upstream control has higherperformance because there is no time-delay in G 1(s)and the achievable bandwidth is only limitedbyactuator s limitation.


If implemented, these are the permission sets that can be identi.ed as roles, which o.ers large amounts of administration bene.t.

the relationships between users and permissions that we call inter-relationships can also in.uence the similarity between permissions.


It is established in [6] that if the positions of characters are known in challenge images generated by a CAPTCHA, then breaking this scheme is just a pure recognition problem, which is a trivial task with standard machine learning techniques such as neural networks [12].

breaking Visual CAPTCHAs with Naïve Pattern Recognition Algorithms , in Proc.


The argument of an antiquotation must itself be a quoted expression.

links comes with a non-standard database backend, making its interoperability non-trivial.


Veri.able resource accounting for cloud computing services.

architectural breakdown of end-to-end latency in a tcp/ip network.


The unpredictability of a technique can be measured in a relatively straightforward manner.

again in the context of ASLR, we do not consider the fact that all libraries are loaded in a speci.c order and at speci.c positions relative to each other, to be a coverage issue.


Web applications, because of their stateless nature, can only use asynchronous mode, regardless of whether synchronization is needed or not.

to .xate a victim s session ID, the attackers need to .rst store the SID cookie in the victim s browser (in the domain of the targeted server).


In the initialization step, an output is generated from the PUF circuit and the error correcting syndrome for that output is computed and saved for later.

lOW-COST AUTHENTICATION This section discusses how PUFs can be used to authenticate individual ICs without costly cryptographic primitives.


We present a solution in the context of graph-based framework by graphical constraints using the example of static separation of duty, i.e., a set of particular roles are never assigned to the same user.

the rule complete and the rule delete edge cannot be applied in parallel to the same roles, since the application order in this case is crucial.


As we already discussed, knowing that rsc propagates from a to ß via .n means that some of the predicates in the paths in a .


Broadcast:Let Gp = {j - i · d}0=i<min(j/d,l), and Gq = jj {j + i · d}0=i<min((m-j)/d,l) .In the jth session key distribution, given the sets of revoked member IDs for sessions From the broadcast step in Scheme 5, it is obvious that the communication overhead of this generalized scheme is the same as Scheme 4.

{U1, ..., Un}such that |R|=t, the group manager can generate a broadcast B, such that for all Ui ./R, Ui can recover ki (i.e., H(ki|B,Si)=0), but the revoked group members cannot recover any of the keys (i.e., H(k1, ..., kn|B, {Si.


MetaChecker takes the MetaStrings object that contains the query about to be executed as a parameter.

unfortunately, the current implementation of the Java 5 instrumentation package is still incomplete and does not yet provide some key features needed by WA S P. it does not allow for clearing the final .ag in the string library classes, which prevents the MetaStrings library from extending them.


Although servers need no modi.cations, client-centric approaches require additional connections to query the repositories.

the full implementation, formal model and security properties, and the analysis tools are available [1].


Ignoring this nature might be due to unavailability of tools to capture the dynamic nature of social graphs, or the unavailability of measures to quantify the performance of the proposed designs on such dynamic social graphs.

the local clustering coef.cient for a node is the fraction of possible triangles that go through that node.


CI , HI and LI are respectively the number of Critical High and Low issuesmeasuredby SCA.

with a few exceptions, the samples of releases are spaced by approximately a year (see appendix A).


The current developer version still allows an observer to capture the information displayed by looking at the device from the front.

secondly, each text block can be decrypted individually and displayed back to the user immediately, without the need to decrypt the whole document .rst.


The .rst example makes it clear that creating network connections to discover vulnerabilities is circumscribed, but the second indicates that connecting to Web servers is implicitly authorized (since this is what Web crawlers do) so long as they do not impair their function.

we used a single account, call it Account A .


We expect that this approach can be used to study otherdynamic systemsjust as well.

later, wepresent a clausetransformation thatuniformly transforms all clauses to ensure safety.


From the security point of view, when the user does not know whether an application can access a sensor, he should deny such access.

if user intervention is unavoidable, the user should be able to make informed security decisions and should not have to make such decisions too often.


In lazy revocation, access is only removed when the data is changed.

in addition, Section 3 de.nes the assumptions, storage model, notation, and players in our secure, deduplication system.


The more points placed during an iteration, the further the hypersphere is displaced on that iteration.

these attacks are more pronounced in online learning.


By scalability we mean that the tool has to scale to thousands, if not millions of VM images.

nüwa is integrated with the Mirage image library [24], which stores identical .les once and treats images as logical views on this collection of .les.


If an attacker is able to eavesdrop on packets sent by a client to the server under attack, then he e.ectively converts the client into a drone that solves puzzles for him.

his scheme relies on a third party that is positioned to verify the source IP address of the requester.


da.d C =(g ),D = mf( e(g,g)) It sends the challenge ciphertext c .

industrial privacy in RFID-based batch recalls.


We found the tool useful in our application of Flicker to the applications described next.

an attestation of the value of PCR 17 will convince a remote party that the PAL was executed using Flicker s protection.


For a vulnerable application, we must maintain the state of the current .eld being parsed for each of the application messages, even when Shield had already determined that the session to which the message belongs would not lead to any exploit.

in Proceedings of 7th USENIX Security Conference, 1998.


MSM, 0021630528 Security-OrientedResearchinInformationTechnology and the grant BUT FIT-S-10-1.

the distribution for the real rulesets is much more interesting from the point of resulting bit ordering for the construction ofthetree.


When the initial key is hashed i times the probability that a key having the same identi.er can be discovered is NN -i .

(a) 1-RKP (b) HC(1-RKP) Figure 1: Example  3.


The back channel could be, for example, an API to an integrated database, or a communications link to an external repository.

other optional parameters can also be in the assertion, such as an altered request context which contains the set of attributes that were actually used in the authorization decision making.


As stated previously, this was done to eliminate the possible bene.ts of partial network sharing between distinct policies, as network sharing improves the performance of Clouseau.

in Section 6, we show that policies as complex as even the most complicated policies used in Becker s formalization of the security requirements for the UK s electronic health records service [2] can be analyzed by Clouseau in under 100 ms.


Such an ecosystem should give applications the possibility to install, delete and manage own applets (small applications) on the ETRH.


To mitigate this situation, the compiler CBMC-GC [6] was introduced.

pETShop 13, November 4, 2013, Berlin, Germany.


A thread which exceeds its wcet and which is unconstrained by our countermeasure may prevent lower prioritised threads from executing for a longer time but this prevention can legitimately be seen.

still an admission for our modi.ed scheduler performs no worse compared to an admission for a classical scheduler as far as blocking due to nonpreemptibility is concerned.


The techniques proposed here are based on the self-healing key distribution methods (with revocation capability) recently developed by Staddon et al.

on Computer and Communications Security, pages 228 234, 2000.


We measure the amount of imprecision introduced by PScout s scalable static analysis using an extensive evaluation methodology that compares against application developers.

4.1 Application UI Fuzzer Our application UI fuzzer exercises the UI of Android applications and logs the resultant API calls and permission checks.


For highly parallel con.gurations, memory cost can be amortized, so the implementation with highest speed achieves the best speed per area.

for DFAs, non-compressed layout does not use default transition.


again, the clear change in the pattern of inter-arrivals at the boundary of the hit-list reveals that the Witty worm used an initial hit-list of approximately 80 hosts.


Sotiris Ioannidis Angelos D. Keromytis Steve M. Bellovin Jonathan M. Smith Univ.


Such infeasible paths, in general, could lead to spurious policy violation sequences.

similarly, it extracts the IP address and port information from sockets and records them explicitly.


It is clear that a hybrid server is more powerful than others.

as to the relationships of various security properties, the IND-CPA security against an outside attacker is implied by the ciphertext indistinguishability property against a Type-I server and the message-dependent trapdoor indistinguishability property (to be presented in the full paper due to space limit).


Started out as a natural evolution of component-based systems, SOCinherited theprinciple of encapsulatingfunctionality into reusable elements with explicitly described interfaces.

the user of the frameworkis aBusinessAnalyst(BA) of a stockbrokering .rm who wishes to design and realise a service-based application.


One of these features is application sandboxing.

the authors of the protocol suggest this approach as only one possible way to mutually verify client and server.


Up to the point of creating an oracle failure, the view of (Al 1,Al 2,A3l ) is identical if instead of using H to generate the randomness used during the encryption of the challenge ciphertext, this randomness is generated uniformly at random.

the .rst step is to precisely de.ne what it means for a Worry-Free Encryption scheme to be CCA2 secure.


// before   <set attributeName="onclick" to=" javascript : alert (1) //">    // after     Listing 5: A malicious SVG before and after puri.cation  Section 5 will further build upon the results of this puri.cation process and furnish insight into how far this (for XML data unconventional) approach a.ects the visual information provided by the SVG test set.

we decided to convert the SVG .les to Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format and then perform the comparative step.


North bridge con.guration registers can be accessed by any core on any node.


Indeed, WSP(=) can be solved in polynomial time [17] for constraints of Crampton s form.

finally, we note that there are several ways in which the construction of an organizational hierarchy from a management tree described above could be modi.ed: for example, each iteration might collapse a single sub-tree rather than all sub-trees or each iteration might immediately collapse the root node and all the leaf nodes into a single node.


In one setting the client .rst generates a ranking of the Tor relays by probing each possible circuit once and then .lters out potentially unreliable ones.

random circuit dropping (i.e., d > 0) becomes a losing proposal with Re3 deployed.


In Plutus, in addition to SiRiUS style access control mechanism, a .le owner gives a write token to every writer.

[60] B. Pawlowski, S. Shepler, C. Beame, B. Callaghan, M. Eisler, D. Noveck, D. Robinson, and R. Thurlow.


More recently, Boyen [20] proposes a compact of the random value used during encryption.

rEDUNDANCY-FREE ENCRYPTION In1994,Bellare andRogaway[11] proposedthepadding scheme OAEP (see Fig.


The third one is that the signatures we used now are manually generated.

as most existing highinteraction client honeypot systems [45, 32, 39] still rely on events at system API level, the abnormal behaviors they detected are more likely to be from the malicious activities of downloaded malware, rather than activities directly from the malicious web pages.


A simple way to realize a privacy-preserving ancestry test is to allow two parties to compare their entire genomes in an oblivious manner.

if the targeted smartphone platform cannot handle a privacy-preserving paternity test, it would also not be able to support more complicated test types.


4.5 Secrecy Requirements GDOIhas one basic secrecy requirement, that keys should only be learned by members of the group.

a cost-based framework for analysis of denial of service in networks.


It is worth noting that a similar problem has already been formulated and solved by the systems community as the Byzantine General s problem[14, 18, 1].

[18] M. Pease, R. Shostak, and L. Lamport.


This means that all client applications are developed by the project itself, maintaining control and trust regarding the implementation of the actual login process (Authentication).

although we propose a solution aiming at the V-Charge pro ject, our concepts are more generally applicable.


In addition to the delimiters that embrace two nodes, we also add onto the edge the delimiters between these two nodes.

a permission not attached to a speci.ed subject can be interpreted as being applied to the unknown (or anonymous) user, and therefore is kept in our permission structures.


Our examples may be used with many common block ciphers as the encryption algorithm used to create the mask (such as DES, 3-DES, and AES).

in certain cases, determining the capitalization at the beginning of a sentence requires a higher level of language processing [21].


Malicious users of this type have the novel abilities as the general cloud users.

administrators have privileged capabilities in the cloud.


After calculating the graph density for both our sample criminal relationship and a public entire Twitter snapshot[25] containing 41.7 million users and 1.47 billion edges, we .nd that the graph density of our sample criminal relationship graph, which is 2.33 × 10-3,ismuch higher than that of the Twitter snapshot, which is 8.45 × 10-7 .

due to the limitation of the analyzed dataset, it fails to reveal in-depth structural di.erences to answer the questions mentioned in 7 We acknowledge that the numbers of CA and MA are the low bound of real numbers in the dataset, because we can not detect all CA and MA by simply using GSB itself.


The main goal of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of jump-oriented programming.

to make available the greatest number of functional gadgets, we select the the dispatcher that uses the least common registers.


Finally, we discuss the potential for other, related forms of malicious hardware subversion at the chipset level.

first, it must write its code into the SMM handler portion of the SMRAM memory space.


(Although this seems to duplicate the setting from Section 2.2.1, this is required in case the guest OS may allocate new pages right before we start to out-graft.)

relocating a suspect process can be initiated as determined by an administration policy, say a process can be brought under scrutiny either periodically, at random time intervals or using certain event triggers.


Moreover, we explain the difficulty that ranked e-mails are shown at a glance by painting e-mail headlines without considering relationship between human mind and colors or shapes.

for example, in the group "gorgeous", there are three combinations of colors, i.e.


A technique for the measurement of attitudes.

in Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (Mobile HCI 2003) (2003), L. Chittaro, Ed., no.


4.3 Energy cost Theenergy costfor all thesensor nodesinthisnaivealgorithm depends on how frequently messages are sent.

this approach avoids signi.cant overhead but does introduce a loss of delivery e.ciency; the exact value of this loss will be evaluated later.


This aggravates out-of-order packet delivery and hurts application performance.

unless we select paths which are su.ciently di.erent, a virtual link will still be vulnerable when a single substrate link embeds most of the virtual link capacity.


4.3 WLAN Vs. LAN Security A wireless LAN can be as secure as a wired LAN if security guidelines are implemented and enforced strictly.

other issues also affect security in first generation WLANs.


Developers & Users de.ne policy: The developers of applications that own data can frequently identify security sensitive data.

for each owner Oi, requires(L, Oi) returns Ri regardless if Oi exists or if Ri is speci.ed.


Note that the components of A(P) have the same type as those of security automata.

it includes the concepts of classes, instantiation, and inheritance, although in this paper we only use the concept of classes.


We perform the aforementioned change of variables in two steps.

[24] A. Joshi, S. King, G. Dunlap, and P. Chen.


INTRODUCTION In the past few years, progress in DNA sequencing genomics has been quite exceptional, with costs dropping faster than what Moore s law would predict.

p s public key is denoted as (n, g, h = g x), where the strong secret key is the factorization of n = pq, the weak secret key is x .


Even though the number of the remaining di.cult challenges is too small to draw concrete conclusions, it is surprising that success rates are over 64% in all cases, and users even identi.ed their friends in 77.7% of the pages that contained photos of animals.


With the addition of the subprotocol, the revised Rabin protocol can now be proven secure assuming it is computa- tionally infeasible to factor the product of two large primes.

iNTRODUCTION Although Michael Fischer is best known for his seminal work in distributed consensus and his early work in complex- ity theory, he has also made a number of contributions at the intersection of cryptography and distributed computing--cryptographic protocols.


If Tripwire detects a compromised application, it alerts the user that the system may be compromised.


In addition, we would also need better performance to deliver a practical browsing experience.

securing Web applications with static and dynamic information .ow tracking.


But it does not answer the question of whether or not animals have sufficiently powerful cognitive capability to support the mental states (such as intention and belief) to deceive each other?

the handicap principle was initially rejected by scientific community until the early 1990s when the evolutionary game theory modeling showed its validity.


The mission of a DAC is to assemble a portfolio of vulnerabilities.

rather than rely solely on polymorphic techniques (e.g., encryption) to disguise its content in the hopes of avoiding detection, it spreads via a changing set of vulnerabilities.


Finally, we give the group manager the ability to spread the cost of personal key distribution over multiple sessions, rather than having to distribute new personal keys to all users at the same time.

the particular implementation described in Fig- ure 2 allows an attack on the system when 5 _> 2, whereby a member who is active in time j -1 and revoked in time j can still find Kj.


The first is developed in sections 3 and 4 and is devoted to refine Markowitz study extending it to all operations.

the relational schema of Example 2 does not satisfies D1 because 111 is involved in both R(R2) and C(Rz); in such a way, 112 is a source of potential anomalies.


Misclassification Information In sibling information, we utilize information from a defined ontology to decrease false alarms.

these ground-truth relevancy judgments are compared to our system's judgments, as explained in detail in section 5.


Since domains are expected to only infrequently change their policy, SCPs are assumed to be stable (barring catastrophic events such as a weakness in a widelyused encryption scheme).

logs must globally coordinate to ensure that two different SCPs for A are not active simultaneously (to a given time tolerance).


Biometrics authentication method is one of the solutions for personal identification.

in their research, types both with stable key stroke and with characteristics of individuals are selected among all types so that influence of fluctuation in key stroke can be reduced.


Contract reservation is longer at 327 cycles since Kaizen has to register the contract and initialize the enforcement mechanisms (e.g.

the admission test is performed at runtime for each contract and lasts 81 cycles.


The authors would like to thank Oak Ridge National Laboratory s Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Research Group who gave advice and direction for this work.

the single greatest challenge to the .eld is the lack of veri.able data.


Observe that if the key k belongs to the chain, i.e., k = ki for some i, then ft-i(k) = kt.

further papers [11, 21, 5, 22, 34] presented optimizations and/or better analyses of the distinguished points algorithm.


MARKET REACTION After introducing the Positive Cyrillic to the entire crowd, the absolute quantity of correct inputs has decreased by 80%.

the strengthening of semantics in CAPTCHA is not the promising direction in fighting against CAPTCHA-farms in modern conditions.


CONCLUSIONS Long passwords is a promising user authentication mechanism.

we discuss the shortcomings of these crackers in cracking long passwords.


Journal of Power Sources, 144(1):280 294, 2005.

we invoke Bayesian inference approaches to evaluate the trustworthiness of input from each channel, and adjust the parameters for MCRL criteria accordingly.


To obtain ground truth for evaluating e.cacy, we took advantage of the fact that during our experiments we controlled both the attacker and victim instances.

in all experiments, the Flush-Reload cycle was set to be 2400 clock cycles, corresponding to about one microsecond in real time.


[3] demonstrate that thresholds for anomalousness can be established for a common multivariate Gaussian model of typical behavior.

(Most simply, a multinomial distribution is used.)


EDB and EKITS actually show a good sensitivity, meaning that CVSS score is successful in representing exploitation.

the CVSS Exploitability score is computed on the basis of three factors of which only one might be discriminating: almost all vulnerabilities do not require any authentication and almost all of them can be accessed remotely.


PRNG WITH INPUT: MODELING AND SECURITY Definition (PRNG with input ) A PRNG with input is a triple of algorithms G = (setup, refresh, next) and a triple (n, i, p) .

the distribution sampler models potentially adversarial environment (or nature ) where our PRNG is forced to operate.


The receiver needs to keep state of the most recent value it received for each hash chain.

in Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Research in Security and Privacy, pages 56 73, May 2000.


Stream: The stanford stream data manager.

indeed, a user is authorized to perform an aggregate operator if he/she is authorized to read the stream denoted by R.Objs.STRs or there exists one or more access control policies granting R.u the aggregate privilege speci.ed in R.p on the stream denoted by R.Objs.STRs.


In particular, using the camera to show a preview only was viewed as far less objectionable than the other behavior, which involved actually taking a picture.

these Aren t the Droids You re Looking For: Retro.tting Android to Protect Data from Imperious Applications.


Since joining a TVD by a compartment would require changes in the underlying system con.guration, this operation cannot be performed at runtime.

we use a software MTM in our architecture (i) to establish trusted channels, (ii) to support remote attestation, and (iii) to manage cryptographic keys.


This would waste resources and could prove to be less efficient than the current systems and methods currently in place.

in this type of attack a hacker uses infected computers to all connect to a specific website, overloading the server with requests and causing the server to get bogged down and not function efficiently [3].


Between refreshes the operation of the WRNG is deterministic.

the attacks presented in Section 3 can essentially learn encryption keys used in all previous and future SSL connections of the attacked PC.


Overshadow: a virtualization-based approach to retro.tting protection in commodity operating systems.

the MMU then uses the middle 10-bits of a virtual address to look up the page directory table pointed to by the PDE entry.


One reason is that public key encryption, namely the asymmetric key encryption, does not support encryption for large data by itself [1].

introspection: Boon or Bane of Multitenant Security?, [Online].


When |goal| =1 and |Irrev|= 1, the backward algorithm has better time complexity than the forward algorithm, except when |NR| =0 and both algorithms have similar (polynomial) complexity.

theorem 5 implies that those algorithms work correctly for problem instances that satisfy hierarchical role assignment.


However, this would introduce dependencies and probabilities into the identi.cation process.

1 we found events only in the .rst part of the observation period.


Should there be obligations that are Ful.llOn Indeterminate?

the PEP will choose the ruleset corresponding to the current state that the obligation is in, and then will evaluate the ruleset against theevent,the contextofthe requestwithwhichtheobligationisassociated, and the state variables.


for brevity, we sometimes omit explicit mention of the message space in the input to A2.


The existing application will have to be redesigned for the .icker framework, for this purpose they have provided certain tools to expedite the application development.

we will de.ne a subset of .x size windows on the target system as we are interested in some important system calls which can a.ect the system.


Moreover, it is interesting to discover that LTTng can provide very low storage overhead in the system-wide scenario.

compared to SystemTap enabling users to add the probes during runtime execution, LTTng requires the kernel compilation and system reboot for  inserting probes.


This will allow us to discover the additional timer xtime.tv  sec by repeating step 1.

without detailed performance pro.ling of the entire system, this is not a precise measurement.


Each peer in the system has similar functionalities and plays the same role of a server or a client.

12 1 2 when a peer look for peers who can provide some service it need, it should look for those peers whose trustworthiness is close to it.


[17] S. Dharmapurikar, P. Krishnamurthy, T. Sproull, and J. Lockwood, Deep Packet Inspection using Parallel Bloom Filters, in IEEE Micro, 2004, vol.

the operation overhead then becomes no more than that of a single table search.