erated) identity management systems, direct communications between providers on user s ID information are typically required, which, however, is undesirable as providers may learn about the user beyond necessary.

the main difference with these proposed privacy-aware ID management solutions and our approach is that we study ID management in the client-side mashup environment through a novel and ef.cient mashlet relay framework.


Our approach di.ers, that we provide interactions, so that users are able to steer the feature selection process.

the analyzed and aggregated time-series are displayed in a zoomable tabular interface to provide the analyst an interactive exploration interface for time-series data, while our approach is more general to include also other data types (e.g., frequent words or users, hierarchical overviews) addressing DC4.


Unlike malware or personal spyware, illegal grayware is punished with corporate .nes rather than personal sentences.

for example, a person might install personal spyware onto a spouse s phone.


Attacks Found vs Misclass Rate  These twenty submodels collectively make up the first bootstrap model that we constructed.

the misclassification rates for these models will be extremely low and the resulting false alarm rate should be reduced another 50 percent as well.


The accelerometer sampling always terminates at the same time when video )... stops recording (time noted as 3) During the horizontal move, if the light sensor detects that the ambient illumination is very low, the system will change the majority of screen area to brighter filter, which isolates the force of gravity.

they are much more time-consuming and difficult to use.


The permutations are not comprehensive, but attackers can modify the rules as needed.

suppose an attacker limited her search space to the 30 most frequently occurring characters.


A smart phone with ZigBee transceiver will act as an access point and communicates with both ZigBee sensor nodes and a Medical Centre.

comprehensive overviews of security metrics approaches and objectives can be found in [16].


3.3 Step 2: Use a Single Uniform Statement As mentioned earlier, several basic blocks in L ´ o and Sal´Kiss simplementationstillcontainbranches: the if-else reveals adecisionpoint.

even if there were millions of basic blocks, an attack would still require 2140 attempts to .nd a usable preimage value.


when the mobile node receives the SASi report and detects that G1 has changed (because < t3), it does not drop all the data items of G1 rather it checks which data items were changed and find that only O3 changed because < t3.


The performance of PCR Extend is similarly quick and takes less than 1 ms on the Broadcom TPM.

by verifying the attestation from the .rst Flicker session, the client is convinced that the correct PAL executed, that the legitimate PAL created a fresh keypair, and that the SLB Core erased all secrets before returning control to the untrusted OS.


While the number of stores does not a.ect the solution if the key is only stored on a single system (Single system in Figure 7), it is a.ected when partitioning or replicating the key on all stores at hand.

while each node that represents a bundle needs to be relevant (4), each relevant node has to represent a bundle or a parent node has to be relevant (5).


However, most aggregation algorithms assume that all intermediate nodes are trusted.

[19] describe a probabilistic aggregation algorithm which subdivides an aggregation tree into subtrees, each of which reports their aggregates directly to the base station.


The PDP instantiates A to the smaller of the positive and negative authorization sets.

in our case, the PDP proactively pushes out the entire portion of the state that pertains to a session at the SDP.


The attacker does not have akey trusted to signpackages,packagemetadata,ortheroot metadata.

in Stork, all of the package metadata hashes are in the same signed .le.


For this study, we .xed the Phishiness value of unknown tokens to 0.5, which is also equivalent to the default value of robx speci.ed by Robinson s constants in [10].

the study analyzes over 70,000 legitimate and phishing URLs collected over 6 months period from PhishTank1, Khalifa University HTTP logs and volunteers using an experimental HTTP proxy server.


A more higher-level approach is to base policies on security-sensitive language features that are speci.c to AOP.

in general, there are three di.erent (run-time) scenarios in which a security-sensitive access attempt triggered from an (source-level) aspect can occur: the original class is modi.ed by the aspect and accesses the sensitive logic  a class that represents the aspect accesses the sensitive logic  some other module that is a.ected by the same aspect accesses the sensitive logic  For the second case, the problem can be addressed in a quite straightforward manner: since the identity of the aspect is identical to the identity of a class, the Java permission system can be applied directly to control the access attempt.5 a permission check could be introduced by the compiler such as the following: AccessController.checkPermission(new AspectPermission(target, action)) ; Remark that for the target parameter it would make sense to support both module-level identities and more .ne-grained targets such as class methods and members.


Moreover, the two inequalities (lines 4 and 5) hold only when k = s or k = d, indicating that it is bene.cial to use the updated edge esd and its corresponding hosts hs and hd in leveraging some path s access level.

more speci.cally, an adversary .rst gains admin level of access on host V (as described earlier), followed by the utilization of the shell account trust relationship from V to Cf ; edge labeled (V Cf,Trust,admin,shell,-).


In CCS 04: Proceedings of the 11th ACM conference on Computer and communications security, pages 308 317, New York, NY, USA, 2004.

the compromised dynamic data will render the application low integrity in reality.


Database Administrator (DBA):It is responsible for managing tables and users in the database.

the Command Processor module on the CS receives (ii) Command and performs the server side round of encryption before storing/retrieving scheme of new/existing table in/from the Data Dictionary (iii).


Credentials to those systems may be tied to previously leaked credentials: millions of them can be bought from black-markets for a low cost [1].

speci.cally, detection timeliness (tm - t0) characterizes the responsiveness of SPOT to an attack.


The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 is regarding the background and motivation, on which our protocols are based.

it is necessary to .nd a sound solution 1This can happen at the edge of the 3G cell or in concrete buildings where 3G s signal strength is very weak.


As part of our future work, we plan to revise and extend the support of XnR on Windows beyond the current prototype implementation.

for Windows, we introduced a heuristic that decides whether accessing code is legitimate or illegal.


This recognition has driven NASA to attempt to remove elements from the list of valid use case options wherever possible.

the motivation here is that newer equipment with higher-performance CPUs and robust storage systems located on the same network segments as previous equipment will allow us to requirements even if all of the exigencies of the previous environment are not known.


Proofs built using these tools yield reductions with concrete security bounds.

[7] G. Barthe, D. Pointcheval, and S. Zanella-B´eguelin.


In addition, homomorphic encryption technology can address the privacy protection in situations where a server should blindly perform some processing on the data (i.e., labels 3 and 5).

similarly, in the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act [11] personal information is de.ned as information about an identi.able individual.


2.1 Description of the Technical Approach 2.1.1 Member Hierarchy for Key Distribution Our key distribution scheme creates a member hierarchy.

one such example is related to fast and ef.cient command and control in military applications, where nodes can frequently move.


they do not learn useful techniques for identifying phishing emails and web sites because much of the existing online training does not teach specific cues and strategies [14].


In SACMAT 01: Proceedings of the sixth ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies, pages 153 162, New York, NY, USA, 2001.

the organization can appreciate the maximum bene.ts of information sharing when R * = Q * and all bene.cial accesses are appreciated.


Triangular norms are operations that generalize the fuzzy logic operators and [9] describes the use of the probabilistic sum .

iBM Workplace for Business Controls and Reporting: Administration and Operations Best Practices.IBM Redbooks, 2005.


The weight associated with each believable boundary pixel is relative to the inverse distance between the concealed pixel and the boundary pixel.

[10] Yan, B. and Ng, K. W., A novel selective motion vector matching algorithm for error concealment in MPEG-4 video transmission over error-prone channels.


In this section, we observe that preventing cryptographic randomness vulnerabilities in trusted applications is more subtle than just providing a source of strong randomness.

(Indeed, who is to say that a repeating process ID is unreasonable?


Accordingly, one can assume that r3 permissions set is included in r2.

in this case, the policy needs to be modified such that an authorization rule will assign users to the missed role.


We will concentrate on the construction of adaptive equalization for MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMA communication systems over a dispersive channel.

we conduct a simulation for verifying the in.uence of a time-dispersive channel on MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMA systems.


(We hypothesize that for w > 20, the damage from wasted bytes exceeds the bene.t from no quiescence.)

the only parameter in the theorem is the total number of bytes sent (in a given interval) by other clients.


Quantifying customer response to dynamic pricing.

the degree of the penalties are lower than the true negatives .


The authors also propose a Merkle-tree construction for constructing public POR, which can be veri.ed by any external party without the need of a secret key.

we note an important difference: while in [35] the challenge (I , {(i, .i)}i.I ) is randomly sampled, challenges in Fortress are generated pseudo-randomly using the pseudo-random bit generator g with a seed extracted with GetRandomness.


Next, as shown in Figure 7(b), most of campaigns are characterized by a wide variety of titles to alter since title of spam is easy to be detected.

figure 3 shows the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the content size for the 540 thousand spam emails.


a token is considered previously seen if both elements, the token value and token s relative position, match.


We would ideally like a solution which works under the sole assumption that the clients have an authenticated channel to each of the workers, as this is strictly more general and better models practice, where clients might authenticate themselves towards the computation providers using a simple password mechanism on top of a server authenticated secure transport layer.

figure 4: Algorithm to identify potentially inconsistent client input.


First, it is not always guaranteed that each WLAN is covered by a cellular network1; Second, it is not applicable to vertical handoff between WLANs using different ASs.

the mean service time is changed from 2 ms to 14 ms.


Thus, the integration of an authentication method by inherence as Face Unlock would be easy.

each of the nine points may be used not more than once.


Some of 1http://sourceforge.net/ 2https://github.com/ 3https://www.mozilla.org/ 4http://www.fazend.com/ 5https://www.travis-ci.org/ 6https://www.tddium.com/ 7https://buildhive.cloudbees.com/ these services o.er free usage plans to FLOSS projects and even integrate into software forge services like github.

maintainers of FLOSS projects have to maintain CI systems on their own servers if they want to use CI.


I. C. Wong, Z. Shen, B. L. Evans, and J. G. Andrews,: A Low Complexity Algorithm for Proportional Resource Allocation in OFDMA Systems, IEEE Workshop, Single Processing Systems 2004, pp.

it has to be different from M-LWDF algorithm.


For example, the query :addr in 10.0.0.0/8 && conn.proto == "udp" would match all events containing an IP address from the subnet 10.0.0.0/8 with transport protocol UDP.

the system, visibility across space and time (VAST), uni.es in a single framework retrospective data analysis and proactive measures to automatically apply previously developed queries to events that may occur in the future [1].


Fine-grained access control to web databases.

due to the fact that the user simulator is incapable of exploring all the possible states of the web application, our inferred invariants can be either incomplete or spurious.


arcac(A, R, C),arcap(A, R, C), not arcai(A, R, C).

principals may be assigned to categories according to whether they have a shared attribute, a shared measure of trust, a common security clearance, as a consequence of an assignment to the same department, division, organization, as a consequence of actions or events, ... or any combination of these forms of category types.


This is when .ngerprinting comes into the picture.

the minimum number of .ows and the ratio of identi.ed results are clear trade-o.s.


On the one hand, the privacy comes at a cost, and will inevitably reduce the utility of LBS applications.

by obtaining the location pro.les of users, the more frequently visiting locations will be set to a higher sensitive level, which leads to a higher privacy protection level and a bigger obfuscation range.


Our observations allow to break down what resources become scarce during an attack.

if multiple URLs were provided by the C&C server, the resulting tra.c alternates among all available URLs.


Public Citizen is a national consumer advocacy organization that supports free speech rights on the Internet, and the ACLU is a state-wide civil liberties organization.

the First Amendment Protects Against the Compelled Identification of Anonymous Speakers.


A variant of ROP has been adapted to the higher-level constructs in the PHP scripting language, culminating in a data stealing exploit as well as an attack on the PHP exception handler that is able to launch to a traditional machine-code-level codereuse attack [19].

xFI: Software Guards for System Address Spaces.


Kerberos (brie.y explained in section 2.2) can provide strong authentication within an Intranet.

in 12th USENIX Security Symposium, Washington, D.C., August 2003.


An attacker may achieve such high rates if he .rst saturates servers connections and then gradually replaces the expired connections from other nodes with his own ones.

the crucial idea is that each client can be uniquely identi.ed by a set of nodes he connects to (entry nodes ).


Therefore, if a label-attachable TC in an application group joins a domain, then all of the labelattachable TCs in the same group must also be forced to join the same domain.

for example, when an instance of Microsoft PowerPoint participates in Domain yellow, all instances of other applications in the Microsoft Office group such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel will be forced to participate in Domain yellow.


Three independent groups were formed to compare PassShapes, EyePassShapes and EyePassShapes with the repeated input strategy.

it is easier and cheaper to deploy than standard eye tracking systems since it does not require to know the exact position of the user s gaze and thus no calibration, which also makes it extremely robust and appropriate for outdoor situations.


Using a high-pass .lter, DC offset can be reduced in real-time.

we need a more reliable .ngerprinting technique.


For clarity, we explain our techniques in the context of dynamic symbolic execution, but they are equally applicable to concrete fuzz (random) testing [14,30] and taint-directed fuzzing [17].

towards generating high coverage vulnerability-based signatures with protocol-level constraint-guided exploration.


The BFlow reference monitor uses the tracking information to restrict how data is revealed: if a script has seen con.dential data, it can only communicate with the site whence the con.dential data came unless that site explicitly permits communication with other servers.

users might also be confused that frames have different security labels and type sensitive data into frames with L = {} which would leak the data.


[9] Lindqvist, U., and P. Porras, "Detecting Computer and Network Misuse Through the Production-Based Expert System Toolset (P-BEST)," Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, Oakland CA, May 9- 12, 1999.

applications can be either a service, which is a special continual process on NT/W2K similar to a daemon under Unix; or an application can run as an ordinary process.


We note that this condition may not always hold as the number of vertices of the fusion polyhedron may be the sum of the number of vertices of the polyhedra.

finally, let v be the number of vertices in the fusion polyhedron.


We require the following notion of correctness: if .iU.

= U. U acc iU and termiU are .ags denoting acceptance and termination, respectively.


the scheme ensures in particular security against chosen ciphertext attacks whereby an attacker is allowed to ask decryption shares for messages and identities of its choice other than those corresponding to the challenge, being in possession of a User s private share.


INTRODUCTION Today, mobile phones have become rudimentary tools of the daily life; these devices have been improved to support internet access features through 2G, 3G and 4G generations [1].

moMM2011, 5-7 December, 2011, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..


Furthermore, due to better integration with Java apps, binaries are of less use to legitimate apps which use native code mainly for performance reasons.

the exception, however, is malware utilizing local root exploits.


We show only the Con.ict of Interest class that contains o1 and o2.

as we express in Theorem 3 below, this is unavoidable for any enforcement mechanism that is least-restrictive.


The model may not be appropriate for many situations when we do not have any background knowledge about the parties, e.g., P1 and P2 in our case.

during the process of biometric authentication, the systems need to identify whether candidate biometric readings from users match the records in the entity s biometric database.


General Terms Management, Security, Human Factors.

in a down economy, funding to professional development is cut; unfortunately new threats and vulnerabilities to IT security do not recede simultaneously.


Image-based schemes -they typically require users to perform an image recognition task.

a larger character set can also imply a higher number of characters that look similar after distortion, causing confusion.


An added complication with security regimes that are overly strict, is that such unregulated activities can become the means of getting things done in the system.

true security draws on the normative behavior that emerges in society.


However, there may be static accountability analysis which can be done.

b= S×A×O * ×T×T: a set of obligations that sub jects can incur.


Then, when a function is called, the dynamic permissions are intersected with the static permissions of the called function.

function A has and SBAC problems in.uence in the writing operation of the .le causing a security violation.


Once a predictive model for a Strong PUF has been derived, the two main security features of a Strong PUF no longer hold: The PUF is no longer unpredictable for parties that are not in physical possession of the PUF; and the physical unclonability of the PUF is overcome by the fact that the digital simulation algorithm can be cloned and distributed arbitrarily.

since PUFs cannot be scaled inde.nitely due to cost and stability constraints, also mild exponential growth rates may be acceptable in certain situations, as long as the algorithm still can break practically relevant PUF sizes.


For both choices of P , we make extensive simulation in order to choose a proper C that is just large enough to avoid part over.ows.

note that our protocol does reveal the overall frequency of updates to the database, but not to individual records.


These readings are, as a norm, primitive types such as integers, longs and .oats, or small collections of primitive types.

by employing an end-to-end security approach the latency associated with each module is independent of the length of the paths that events travel so the added latency is presented without taking the path length into account in Table 1.


DIM 07, November 2, 2007, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.

the attacker strives to become a doppelganger or identical twin of the various interfaces he wants his victim to see.


A host-based vulnerability scanning system informs about the vulnerabilities that the respective host carries.

of India for the partial support to the research conducted.


In a drive-by download, a victim is lured to a malicious web page.

the compromised machine typically becomes part of a botnet [26].


Bloom Filters have a distinct advantage in this regard (see related work), and the performance gap between the two approaches is small: 97.8% AUC versus 99.9% between BFs and LR/RF.

it does this by creating independent load balancer cookies that are optionally tied to the duration of the application session cookie.


For example, 802.15.4 speci.es a stream cipher mode of encryption, and to avoid IV reuse they require a larger IV.

in sensor networks, this may provide an adequate level of security.


100 and 5 respectively), the optimal scheme will be Product using RSA instead.

when both R1 and R2 are low, ECDSA performs the best due to signi.cantly cheaper key generation.


vMwatcher examines both volatile and persistent states for malware detection.


Client puzzles: A cryptographic countermeasure against connection depletion attacks.

for the legitimate users to capture the bulk of the service, they must in aggregate have more of the currency than the attackers.


In our architecture, we need to verify policy compliance at two layer transitions: (1) between the application policy and the operating system policy in the web application (Browser) VM and (2) between the web application VM policy and the overall system policy stored in the VMM.

we focus primarily on the client (browser) side of web applications in this paper.


Exchanging alert data with thousands of IDSs in realtime is a resource intensive task.

a random choice of collab orators is as bad as not collab orating.


When nsert ng a new block B nto the document P n pos t on j, a new random value rj¶ s chosen and then compute Cj¶ )k(rj¶__%__Uj), Cj- ¶ )k(rj- ||pj- ||rj¶ and C + ¶ & for from j to n. Furthermore, new r0 and r are chosen at random, and the check sum r* s recomputed.

[ ] M. Bellare, O. Goldre ch and S. GoldwasseU ³,QFUHPHQWDO cryptography: The case of hash ng and s gn ng," Advances n Cryptology -Crypto Proceed ngs, Lecture Notes n Computer Sc ence Vol.


This holds in the base case (information-theoretically) since U * doesn t know K. Again by induction, we may assume that U * can only generate EK ( reject '' ,j),EK ( repeat '' ,j)for j less than or equal to the total number of rejected/repeated queries thus far.

without loss of generality we may assume r is the same in every execution.


In Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneus Security, volume 7122 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 122 140, 2012.


initialsv 2: while !input.empty do 3:  c .

most of these proposals use the coarse-grained block-level parallelism offered by these devices to support packet- (or flow-) level parallelism intrinsic in networking applications.


Note that authentication cannot solve this insider attack because a compromised node has the valid keys.

in the simulation, 3000 nodes are randomly distributed in an area of 2000 *2000ft2 .


In the Experiment2, we equally divided the remaining 40 participants into two groups: Group1 and Group2.

the scores in the No.4 and the No.5 questions indicated that, without the user guidelines, most participants were not sure whether their created passwords were secure or not.


These properties of a MAC make it perfect for o.-therecord communication.

it may occur that Alice terminates her end of a session while Bob s is still active (e.g.


Detect and separate out the covert samples data points Step 3.

website, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Steganography, 2013.


The parameter space of .ash worms is much larger than that one scenario.

there is some price in code complexity, since now the worm on a leaf node must listen for possible new worms and extract and infect their address list (the broad variation in Internet 3This does not appear to be necessarily true in K-way trees where K > 2.


Our two studies are in fact consistent in these results.


[16] L. Hollink, G. Schreiber, and B. Wielinga.

in order to be able to link these di.erent resources and to coherently integrate the metadata, a universal indenti.cation mechanism is required that allows for identifying resources on the web.


It is also the .rst (nonsequential) aggregate scheme where the underlying signatures can be batch veri.ed across di.erent signers, messages and time periods.

it keeps as internal state sprev denoting the last time period on which it issued a signature.


This fundamental to improve the design of successive releases of a system.

if a set is complete, the arcs associated with the attacks stopped by its countermeasures determine a cut of theattackgraph that splitstheinitial nodes and the .nal nodes into two disjoint subsets so that no .nal node can be reached.


It is not a requirement to verify all location claims; and indeed, there are some location claims we do not even attempt to verify.

nonetheless, this example illustrates a crucial secu-Variant: The Keyed Echo Protocol.


Hence (h(' ( y)o d dodo' W yoo' yod d dood d d h())().

answering Queries Using Views: A Survey.


The second metric is an estimated PDR based on the preamble chip errors.

we model the PDR from chip error measurements in the synchronization phase at the preamble and show that this information is already su.cient for detecting reactive jamming.


Stealthy worm attacks are particularly prone to this phenomenon: their relative rate may never exceed the threshold required for suf.ciently discriminating detection.

the shingling procedure itself is very regular and can bene.t from a hardware assist.


However, we have found these approaches to be non-robust: small .uctuations in the inverse distributions across adjoining time epochs produce widely different numbers of components.

the direct approach, which we have been experimenting with in the context of squashed inverse distributions, looks for .ngerprints that appear with larger than expected frequency over a number of observation epochs.


The knapsack schemes using the low-weight plaintext that is encoded before encryption is proposed by Chor-Rivest (CR) [9] and Okamoto-Tanaka-Uchiyama (OTU) [10].

this type of knapsack cryptosystems has been referred to as the modular knapsack cryptosystem.


This noti.cation to the mobile client initiates the communication between the two participating parties.

by completely separating the authentication (OOBAC) from the mobile applications, we are better able to enforce the Principal of Least Privilege [14].


It provides comprehensive security countermeasures to authenticate routing information propagated by BGP speakers.

listen and Whisper: Security Mechanisms for BGP.


REFERENCES [1] G. K. Bhattacharyya, M. G. Karandinos, and G. R. DeFoliart.

di.erent values of the parameter 6 produce di.erent probability density functions for the data vector x.


First, because even the same multimedia .le is decrypted by a di.erent key streams sequence of each client, overall security can be increased.

4.4 Analysis of Security Strength 4.4.1 Cipher text only attack.


Since it may be valuable to have the possibility to replace or remove (speci.ed) parts of a message after signature creation such that the original signature stays valid (and no interaction with the original signer is required), redactable [23, 13] as well as sanitizable signature schemes [3] have been introduced.


[21] S. Mascetti, D. Freni, C. Bettini, X. S. Wang, and S. Jajodia.

for the VPET protocol, server collusion with User B would reveal User A s location.


by flipping every 100th vote for any candidate in party A to the candidate for party B.

we follow up by defining their composition.


Firewalls such as Microsoft ISA [17] utilize software installed on client PCs to transparently proxy socket requests to the firewall.

for larger environments such as global enterprises this system will not scale adequately.


This technique has been employed by sandboxing systems to limit the sandboxed program s access to system resources.

6.2 Enabler 6.2.1 Browser Extension All browser instances are equipped with an extension that is responsible for two tasks: (1) report all user-requested URLs to the daemon and (2) open a new tab for URLs requested by the daemon.


6.1.4 Spread Our experiment also models three different mechanisms used by malware to spread to newly infected hosts.

for the purposes of recording provenance, each object which can appear in the log must be assigned an identi.er which is unique for the lifetime of that object.


We get !2 X X 2 q E [Xi]2 = 1 · q E [Xi] = 1 ·acc(x).

(once keys are established, multi-signature generation and veri.cation are actually attractively cheap.)


Most existing encryption based approaches require linear scan over the entire database, which is inappropriate for online data analytics on large databases.


the defensive pattern had an average length of 6.59 with a standard deviation of 1.74.


A = B3 mod N where A, B and N are 128 byte numbers.

along with the safe transportation, it is also capable of providing secured communication via a wireless communications link.


First, we found that enforcing strong defenses against resource access attacks in the Process Firewall could be done much more ef.ciently in the Process Firewall than in programs.

we examine causes for these false positives and future work to address them.


The distinction of the C-REM method is that, in an m-banking context, the severities associated with di.erent marginal fraud risk factors are of di.erent types with di.erent physical units (e.g., the unit of money, the unit of time, and the measurement of location, etc.).

section 7 compares the C-REM with relevant works in literature.


Compared to OPF-based OPE, this approach has some disadvantages concerning its practical application.

finally, we provide an empirical evaluation of the disclosure-resilience of our schemes, comparing them to the ideal object .


Given that we are considering only threat models that require adversary persistence, system compromise is only possible i. there has been a succession of vulnerable platforms played by the defender.

during each of 500 Monte Carlo (MC) trials lasting M = 100 moves each, we evaluate .ve di.erent game strategies for the defender selection process: Uniform : Uniform random selection at each interval from the fully available set without immediate repeat  Random 3 : Uniform random selection of K = 3 platforms prior to the trial, then periodic rotation between them  Diversity : Optimizing diversity through Eq.


we show that this problem is decidable under some suitable assumptions of monotonicity(seebelow).


These results show that the probability density of X for case 2 is almost the same as thatfor case1, andthus, we use(1) as the probability density of X for case 2.

this event message will have the minimum delivery time.


SilverLine associates a taint with each piece of data that the Web application accesses, such as a database record or a .le.

silverLine places this module into a trusted realm.


, g n-1} denote the set of group elements generated by g. The group G is called cyclic if there exists an element g .

[2n]{n+1} =j assuming that it has access to the set of outer product values c. the server does not need to explicitly generate c. Rather, L it only needs the vector of n different c[i][j]values, i+(n-j+1)=z for 2 = z = 2n.


OWL (Web Ontology Language) is the Semantic Web standard for formal knowledge representation and communication between systems [8].

keywords Metrics, requirements, security, trust, privacy, ontologies.


this method is used in particular to send the data from the databases DBi and to send the request from site S. theprocess described in .gure 1 starts in the following way.


The sequential hypothesis test requires the knowledge of a connections oracle.

for compatibility with sequential hypothesis testing, we consider only host scanners.


The reason to treat generic objects and computer-detectable objects differently is to prevent attacks from recognizing an object or detecting the distortion applied to decoy objects to solve a challenge.

the color edge intensity in each different direction is estimated by calculating the .2distance between the models of the two resulting disc halves: #bi#s(hln-h2n)2 X2(h1,h2) = 12 .#=1 , (1) hln-h2n where h and h are the color histograms of the two disc halves.


Our experimental result with over 45 OS kernels shows that OS-Sommelier can precisely .ngerprint all the OSes without any false positives and false negatives within only 2 seconds on average.

secure and .exible monitoring of virtual machines.


However, thePUF resultisbased on the relative speeds; that is, increasing the temperature will slow both ROs in a pair down, but is unlikely to change which of the two oscillates faster.

as such, we reduced the PUF size to 64 bits for experimentalevaluation.


Monitors themselves may be miscon.gured or deployed incorrectly, e.g.

peerReview assumes deterministic components, which is challenging in cloud environments.


The user can thus authenticate the servers so that she can be sure that she runs the retrieve protocol with the same servers that she previously ran the setup protocol with.


Ifis a schema, d then a dependency over is a sentence in some logical formalism d over .

we require that if his a homo- W morphism and is a constant, then n(h)(as already de.ned in Section 2.2).


We have also discussed how to create next generation of better designs.

in both cases, rMApVd and KUQR are correct recognition results.


This information must be protected from forgery by phishers, otherwise phishers deliberately convince users that the mutual authentication is established, and let users input sensitive information to the phishing sites.

to prevent phishers from guessing the real password, the original password must be very long (e.g.


Vulnerability in the Information Age: What Browsers Reveal Brunna Albuquerque Carlos Filipe C. Regis Josilene Aires Moreira albuquerque.brunna@gmail.com carlosfilipe17@gmail.com josilene@ci.ufpb.br Universidade Federal da Paraíba Centro de Informática CEP 58059-900 - João Pessoa - PB ABSTRACT The exponential growth in the use of web services and applications has increased the amount of personal information registered on websites and databases worldwide.

[5] Chaabane, A, Kaafar, M. A., and Boreli, R. Big Friend is Watching You: Analyzing Online Social Networks Tracking Capabilities.


Our model is closely related to the Refereed Games (RG) model of Feige and Kilian [10] where they focus on two unbounded competing servers and polynomial time referee/client.

our construction is not based on probabilistically checkable proofs or Fully Homomorphic Encryption, which are not practical yet, nor does it rely on trusted hardware.


As a result, the speci.cation and the implementation are tightly linked, signi.cantly reducing the possibility of modeling errors.

aKI s design implies that if validators are not continuously online or have rooti h13 h14 h9 h10 h11 h12 h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 rooti-1 A.com D.com F.com K.com P.com S.com Z.com  Figure 2: Integrity Tree in i-th ILS_UP period.


We adopt a Bayesian classifier to detect the viruses in each family [7] [4].

we need to determine important DLLs and the corresponding probabilities separately for different OS's.


Both graphs represent the same result in two di.erent prospectives.

these graphs conform to the complexity of O(kl) explained earlier for .xed values of n and m. Figure 3: Run time for di.erent l 3De.nition of splitting context variable can be found at [6] The redundancy check algorithm only checks and provides the score of the containment.


We have seen that translation of resource identi.ers is trivial, and that translation of device identi.ers is either straightforward or unnecessary.

it is not clear that all terminals will necessarily be capable of accessing all tools (which might only be available for one particular computing platform, for example) or that all devices, particularly smaller ones, would necessarily have the resources to store and execute all of the tools required to access all of the multimedia owned by one user.


An active truth-teller enforces its state by continuing recommending honestly and weakens its state by lying.

an experience is evaluated with Quality of Experience (QoE), saying, between 0 (completely unsatisfactory) and 1 (completely satisfactory).


A policy maps access control relevant information, e.g., subjects, resources, actions, and context information to an access controldecision,e.g.,denyorallow.

permissions specify which Role may perform which Action on which Resource.


web services, evolved from previous cross-domain integration technologies, are based on XML, message-oriented and supported by HTTP.


2.3 Self-certifying File System Overview Most of the .le systems (including NFS and AFS) have a notion of administrative realms and rely on central administration for con.guration, management, and security purposes.

further, the devices attached to the storage network pay little attention to security and assume that security is handled by the .le server.


In our scheme, we don t need additional process of encryption and decryption.

because the adversary doesn t generate Qi.


In this approach the anomalies are identified looking at the data that are retrieved following the user's request.

a system can thus be seen as the set of n macro-components.


EVALUATION This section details the evaluation performed to investigate the prevalence of the vulnerabilities from Section 3.

it seems to only support embedding of PDF documents using the embed tag.


If one set the limit on the number of iterations to k, then the time complexity of the algorithm is O(k2 m).

the input to a role mining algorithm is an access control con.guration, de.ned as follows.


Our rationale for using this granularity is that the semantics of modern operating systems prevents processes from having any outside e.ect unless they invoke a system call, where a process requests that the operating system take an action like reading from a device on behalf of the process.

all vulnerabilities are evaluated for their ability to lead to arbitrary code execution.


For Planned key update DoU, we consider an optimization we discuss in Section 3, where domains pre-register a key with the notary servers, thus avoiding activation latency.

sending multiple certi.cates for the same public key (signed by different CAs) is highly redundant.


This makes PTP suitable only when users will be creating passwords in environments free of shoulder-sur.ng.

cONCLUSION In this paper, we have presented a user study of Persuasive Text Passwords, a password creation approach using Persuasive Technology by randomly positioning randomlychosen characters into users passwords.


[22] Xinwen Zhang, Onur Aciicmez, and Jean-Pierre Seifert.


2007CB310802), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.


[12] R. Canetti, Universally composable security: A new paradigm for cryptographic protocols, in Proc.

we show that given an optimal solution for consensus, our construction yields a solution for GKE that uses only O(n2)messages and Copyright 2004 ACM 1-58113-802-4/04/0007 ...$5.00.


N(M) = M - 1 + 2M D (8) Also, diagonal covariance matrices reduce the number of operations for likelihood computations.

international Conferencence on Audio-and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication 2003, pages 233 241, Jun.


The University has a highly decentralized structure making the enforcement of broad University policy difficult to implement.

this study reflects on the current best practices in managing sensitive information and discusses how Youngstown State University implements controls for sensitive information.


Then if sym = ., we set vN+1 = v6 = 1 and vN+2 = v7 = -1.

in Fig.2, i and j are position values, where i .


the entropy of the host signal, which in this case takes a value of 1.47 bits, and is achievable, as it was previously said, for aDWR of -3 dB.

5 plots the value of a used in the studied scenarios, showing is used, we so we will explore both cases.


We provide a common, rigorous set of procedures and metrics for accurately measuring execution speed, ROM usage, and RAM usage.


These k elements are then used as theinput to thePSI-CAprotocol.

a participant might attemptto surreptitiouslylearnfurtherinformation about others inputs.


The results of security checks must be established before transactions attempt to commit.

3.1 The TMI architecture The TMI architecture aims to raise the level of abstraction in the implementation of security enforcement mechanisms.


Quanti.ed risk and bene.t can be used to strengthen the security of information sharing, because: * A full version of this paper is available at http://old.homepage.fudan.edu.cn/ wlhan/paper/qsbac.pdf Each security policy implicitly considers risk and bene.t.

horizontal integration: Broader access models for realizing information dominance.


When an RSU has to respond to an OBU about a query on a certificate, it proceeds in the following way.

thus, the number of updates that are necessary to insert a leaf node without involving a new level of depth in the tree is (2) .. ..... if it is necessary to increase the depth of the tree due to the insertion of a new node, our proposal simply creates a new root node above so that the existent tree becomes a subtree, and a new internal node is inserted so that the new leaf node is at the same depth of the other leaf nodes.


vMM can use the private page table for its memory space access.


The receiver then sequentially tries each code in this subset to despread the l chips for bit bls-1, until it .nds the correct code.

when the jammer recovers the random seed and spreading code sequence, all reachable receivers have already received the message; it is too late for the jammer to do any damage.


The second stage is responsible for embedding the graph in the plane and for creating the canonical AS map.

transit ASes relay tra.c from stub ASes.


Disclosure requirements stem from Federal and State laws.

this poses additional difficulties when attempting to reconstruct the intruder s path of attack.


When a malware uses IP .uxing, most of the collected network traces will involve di.erent endpoints.

it is possible to follow a malware without contacting the external server in all its executions within the sandbox, but this does not mean all the commands of the protocols have been discovered.


Highly memory-e.cient LogLog Hash for deep packet inspection.

although the number of RegExes increases after unrolling, the resulting FA after unrolling introduces new venues for optimization.


And second, we apply basic scaling methods which, in addition, yield a straightforward way to address messages with similar contents.

this a.ects just transitive linkability threats which arise from relations with one or more intermediate item.


This initial key distribution was secure because the majority of users, through their trusted packages .les, delegate trust to the Storkteam toprovide them updatedStorkpackages.

an attacker can still e.ectively launch an extraneous dependencies attack.


This also resembles the traditional software engineering practice where the development of a design model (business logic) and a security model are treated as di.erent tasks.

mODEL TO CODE TRANSFORMATION In this section, we .rst present an encoding of breakglass policies in XACML and, second, we present a codegeneration for both the security model and the design model given as SecureUML model.


Since past few years, oil-dependent internal combustion engine vehicles increasingly arise under scrutiny, Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) that significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuel are considered as foremost alternative to them.

4.1 Primitives 4.1.1 Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) [8] is a promising public-key cryptosystem.


Malicious USB: The CA team exploited a bug in the NM team s EVS code by .lling the USB prior to its use in EVS.

the NM team mounted a writable tmpfs on top of the home directory allowing arbitrary write access to supposedly trusted paths.


The average latency aggregating the different categories is 50.2ms for the baseline, compared to 64.9ms with A3 protection.

execute (E): This category supports execution or processing of intercepted interaction to determine whether the interaction would cause any known undesired effect on the protected application.


Once a valid key is available, the sensitive .les are decrypted.

a recent survey found that only half of security and privacy professionals indicate their companies encrypt data [18].


We consider each transition probability a potential feature.

120-128, USA, 1996 [10] J. Han, M. Kamber, Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques , Morgan Kaufmann, 2000.


However, an additional group element easily .ts intothe512bytes .x-sizedTorpackets(orcell) intheelliptic curve cryptography(ECC) setting.

let E1 be the event that the attackeris notapartnerto(x2,y) and E2 the even that the attackeris not apartnerto(x1,b).


CNMKB is supposed tobeinRxbeforetheexecutionof the detection routine if no attack.

s1: The control .ow is altered to any address at or before address(1) in CNB.


Our method successfully detects the replacement of an AP on a representative data set with an accuracy of 90%, thus, 60% better that the best approach known so far.

an attacker is able to fake a real hotspot and attract its tra.c.


There are multi-Snort log reporting applications such as ACID [10].

a major concern is the high rate of false alarms produced by Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) which undermine the applicability of such systems.


Our framework also encompasses server-side personalization by setting k =1 in which case the client simply displays the ad sent by the server without further personalization.

serving Ads from localhost for Performance, Privacy, and Pro.t.


For user de.ned Application LOC Servlets SCL Employee Dir 5,658 7(10) 23 Bookstore 16,959 3(28) 71 Events 7,242 7(13) 31 Classi.eds 10,949 6(14) 34 Portal 16453 3(28) 67 Checkers 5421 18(61) 5 O.cetalk 4543 7(64) 40   Table 1: Applications from the test suite methods, corresponding to each String parameter, a candidate parameter is added to the method signature and an identity statement is inserted in the method body for parameter passing.

another possibility is to use static analysis techniques[12] to construct the programmer-intended queries for each program point that issues a query.


In order for virtualization-based approaches to work in a data forensic framework, they need to .rst overcome the disconnect in semantic views at di.erent layers in an operating system [3, 12].

file-system integrity and veri.cation has a long history, withsome earlynotable examplesbeingthework ofSpa.ord et al.


The identi.cation of the encoding functions happens on the execution trace produced by the seed at the beginning of the exploration.

it marks the input as symbolic and performs symbolic execution along a path.


We then brie.y discuss issues surrounding the use and deployment of this technique.

webAPI aims at providing consistent APIs that will work in all web browsers and our motivation is designing a permission model for mobile web apps that increases security and user control.


Creation Rights: Used by useraddto create a new user s initial home, so we need to ensure that this is done atomically without dependence on user (analysis external to SELinux policy).

all the constraint con.icts can be identi.ed by the minimal cover assignments which we aim to use to reduce the complexity of reasoning about constraint con.icts.


Yen, 2003, The Montgomery Powering Ladder, In Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems , 2523, 291-302

we have shown that the Montgomery ladder algorithm may vulnerable to our new fault analysis attack.


While PICS ratings systems could be used to capture virtually any type of information about web content, PICS was being applied mostly to rate web pages according to their suitability for children.

w3C management later decided that data transfer mechanisms should be included as part of P3P.


They alsode.ned the concept of one-way authenticated key exchange (1W-AKE), .xed the fourth protocol [15] to obtain a provably secure construction called the ntor protocol, and described its utility towards onion routing.

it currently employs nearly three thousand dedicated routers (or OR nodes) and serves hundreds of thousands of users all over the world.


3.2 False Negative Rate We analysed 140 samples of potentially malicious websites from the wild.

today, attackers create malicious websites that try to exploit vulnerabilities in the visitor s web browser.


vertical File Clique and Horizontal File Clique In the base model, we designed an algorithm that employs association rule mining and sequential pattern mining for identifying horizontal file cliques, vertical file cliques, horizontal file chains, and vertical file chains based on file access logs.


necessary to check the availability of plain texts reducing the As a check result of input vector value of the 17th round number of encryption rounds under the key different from the on [1; 233] and [260;264-1] segments 24 vectors were found to zero.


Some previous work has been done on encoding sparse data.

this test can be accelerated by computing the AABB around each TGC.


Fq, computes all {hi(v)}i=j,...,m and {fi(v)}i=j,...,m, and gives {v, {hi(v)}i=j,...,m, {fi(v)}i=j,...,m} to this group member via the secure communication channel between them.

the broadcast size in session j is ((m + j +1)t + m +1) log q,which is a little smaller than that in Scheme 2.


This is because that the number of immediate potential receivers of a transmitted packet is non-predictable due to the wide area coverage of the wireless communication channels and the mobility of wireless stations.

2.2.2 Virtual Carrier Sensing 802.11b de.nes a virtual carrier sensing mechanism as shown in Figure 4.


Table 1: A brief comparison among (T)OAKE, HMQV and KEA KA = KB involves only a single hashing, where the output length of h, i.e., l, is set approximately to be |q|.For applications where g ab-traceability takes priority over HP Ab+yXb+ey Ba+xY a+ex deniability, we set KB = = = KA , which is referred to as traceable OAKE (T-OAKE, in short).

in addition, as to be discussed in Section 6.5, it well supports deployment in the public computation model  For the item of Assumptions in Table 1, by SKEA (resp., SJKEA, GDL) we refer to strong KEA (resp., strong JKEA and gap DL), where GDL (resp., SJKEA) is weaker than GDH (resp., SKEA) in the RO model as discussed in Section 2 and 4.


6.1 Implementation We used graph-tools (cf.


Our proposals may also ease the burden of following security best practices or governmental regulations for protecting consumers iden tity data.

mail monitoring and list protection service.


If the user does not ob- tain these upgrades, the data produced by the updated soft- ware cannot be read by the outdated copies of the software.

runtime overhead caused by software splitting.


Users o.oad the processing of their critical data to networks that may have di.erent security levels and protection requirements.

with a homomorphic encryption, arithmetic operations can be performed on ciphertexts and the respective result can be retrieved after the decryption.


Section 4.2 presents lessons learned from our prototype implementation.

iNTRODUCTION Identity fraud (IDF) may be de.ned informally as exploitation of credential information using some form of impersonation or misrepresentation of identity.


Risk Assessment Methodologies and Our Framework: Our framework requires an administrator to provide the risk values associated with each permission in the sys-Figure 4: Comparison of granted requests for di.erent percentage of misbehaving users.

the system architecture is shown in Figure 1.


Display-Only File Server: A Solution against Information Theft Due to Insider Attack.

when a choice is made, restrictions derived for that choice are enforced, i.e., a Chinese Wall is created around the data set, preventing any con.ict of interest.


It indicates that the malicious people can handle the smart phones without any risk.

droidMat: Android Malware Detection through Manifest and API Calls Tracing.


The SEM retrieves those variables and checks that the User s key pair has not been revoked.

techniques such as model checking could be use in order to formally prove that the protocol de.ned is secure.


It is up to the calling applications to pass a communication 5This di.ers slightly from the earlier version described in [5], where NymSystem was parametrized with .le locations of secret keys Figure 5: User, Org and DeAnOrg Token-Based and Synchronous interfaces object that implements these interfaces.

a user U can obtain a credential C from an (issuing) organization OI ; and then show the credential C to another (verifying) organization OV .


[24] MURRAY, D. G., MILOS, G., AND HAND, S. Improving Xen Security through Disaggregation.

we found that the feature cannot be used to avoid disabling global page support, because it is always set to zero in the non-guest mode.


Indeed the mean E[IL(P 3)]= 1 - 1 log(|A| - 1) is larger than |A| E[IL(P 4)] = log |A| - 1(forall |A| = 2), indicating that P4 may be leaking more information than P3.

|A| |A| « 88 , ··· , 7|A| 7|A| 2.1 Reducing Leakage Several past approaches have suggested outputting a FAIL 8 .


A random password can offer an extremely strong security mechanism for user authentication.

1) knowledge-based, or something you know, which typically relies on a memorized password or a PIN.


All these characteristics of Future Internet systems have a major impact on software design and on the enforcement of role-based access control policies: -the strongly dynamic and open nature of Future Internet systems forces the global architecture that includes and coordinates all software modules to be distributed and adaptive -enforcement mechanisms for RBAC policies need to be tailored to distributed and adaptive software architectures.

working on this abstract model representing the running system allows applying various adaptation strategies in an o.-line mode to generate a target model.


The graph generator [4] we use is specially designed for generating graph datasets for evaluation of frequent subgraph mining algorithms.

the mechanism then draws a sample from the distribution on X which assigns each x a probability mass proportional to exp(eu(D, x)/2.u), where .u = max.x,D,DI |u(D, x) - u(D', x)| is the sensitivity of the score function.


Moreover, guest OSs can modify the entries of DMA descriptors while DMA transfers are carried out.

for comparison, we measured the code size of the libata, an ATA driver included in Linux 2.6.26, and found that it has 9.9 KLOC for .les libata* .


A level of trust or level of assurance (LoA) re.ects the degree of con.dence that a relying party can assign to the assertions made by another identity provider with respect to a user s identity information.

for each identity attribute, a so called claim, an attribute context is stored to hold information such as the method of veri.cation that has been used to verify the claim.


In Eurocrypt 97, LNCS1233, pages 256 266.

we will need, as an ingredient for our own proofs, the probabilistic model used by Shoup.


To prevent a user from double-spending his digital coins, the observer is trusted to only produce this signature at most once (i.e., for each coin, the observer stores a random number that is needed to produce the signature for that coin, and then erases it after using it once).

2 by combining our proposed new features for virtual monotonic counter features with existing features in the TPM for supporting encrypted keys and data blobs.


However they cannot be promoted to Internet track ing usage, since there may be no direct physical link between user and tracer.

with carefully selected audio frequencies and special sound wave patterns, we can reduce the impact of nonlinear effects and noises, and keep our feature extraction process un-noticeable to phone owners.


ATTACK ANALYSIS We categorize the possible attacks into two types: (1) Attacks on auxiliary vectors; (2) Attacks based on range queries.

there are challenges in (1) ef.ciently processing it, and (2) making sure query processing does not reveal signi.cant information about the encryption key and the original data.


U proves in zero knowledge that s is a valid signature on m, t and some unknown d where d = tcurr using the following proof of knowledge:  (a) Both U and S locally compute vr = e(a6,g s), vd = e(a8,g s), vsig = e(a9,g), and s)ms)t V = e(a1,g s) · e(a5,g · e(a7,g .

the latter can normally be accomplished by sending a commitment to the exponent and showing that the committed value lies within a speci.c interval [a, b].


Cookies de serviços web mais conhecidos (Firefox).

users are more exposed to vulnerability flaws and more subject to the impact of leaking this information.


our method uses two levels of re.nement.


again, her BeamAuth secret token, and thus her login, remain safe.


timeweave does not handle the information .ows synchronized which is required in optimistic replication where concurrent operations appear in different orders in replicas.


The basic model allows only a single sender, single honest receiver, and single LOR query, but one should ask whether allowing all these to be multiple would give the adversary more power.

dHIES is also proved IND-CCA secure in [2] in the standard model under an assumption they call Oracle-DH (ODH).


Even though it raised big concerns (and even complaints) about several privacy issues, Buzz has been already launched inside millions of Gmail accounts.

body: Hi X-name, checkout these photos of X-friend-1 and X-friend-2 trip in Hawai.


They are used to identify Bob s mobile device.

another important consideration is that the remote exchange of this information is subject to security threats, such as the information being intercepted, analyzed or even modified as their communications is via unsecured networks.


3.1 Design and Structure The broadcast report in the proposed SAS is a combination of two reports: a group invalidation report and an object invalidation report as shown in Figure 5.

the main advantage of the TS strategy is the ability of the mobile node to disconnect for one or more broadcasting interval and still be able to invalidate its cache at the next reconnection.


Complete syntax and semantics are given along with a study on their algebraic properties.

the execution path P1 is depicted in Figure 7(b): V (G)= V (P1) P1 =({cs,t1,t2,t3,ce}, {cst1,t1t2,t2t3,t3ce}) |P1| =4 (a) Sequence Pattern (b) Sequence Flow Runtime Path Figure 7: Sequence Pattern Parallel Split Pattern: The Parallel Split or AND-Split pattern allows a single thread of execution to be split into two or more branches, which can execute tasks concurrently.


In Proceedings of the .fth Australasian symposium on ACSW frontiers -Volume 68, pages 143 152.

as a technical starting point, combining the client-side with the server-side generation mode would eliminate most drawbacks.


In Android, an app needs to explicitly request a set of permissions when it is installed.

the reconstructed behaviors are automatically classi.ed by their E-PUPs and further manually con.rmed and categorized.


@student.qut.edu.au ABSTRACT Existing algebraic analyses of the ZUC cipher indicate that the cipher should be secure against algebraic attacks.

we can construct equations of up to degree 16 that relate the input bits and the output bits to the combiner.


P has timestamp T2 and the attacker tries to identify P s record in the cracking release R2 using the background release R1.

for gwi of qidwi , |G1(gwi )| = |G1(gw)| and |G2(gwi )| = |G2(gw)|, where gw is the corresponding group of qidw.


We further observed similar data access patterns in the signatures of the tested rootkits and exposed popular rootkit attack operations by ranking common data behavior across rootkits.


The change of temperature between the rooms is assumed to follow the discretized basic .rst-order heat balance model, given in Table 1, where positive constants c12, c21, c23, c32 represent the heat transfer coe.cients between the rooms.

general conditions for attack detection and identi.ability for descriptor linear time-invariant systems are considered.


The mal-packet should provides mal-data for R18 - R24 rightbelowwherethe returnaddress alt1is stored.

first, control .ow is altered to a pop routine at program address alt1 that pops R29 and R28.


Indeed these requirements have been exempli.ed to be non-trivial by works including [2 4, 6, 9, 14,15,17,29].

in Lars R. Knudsen, editor, EUROCRYPT, volume 2332 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 337 351.


These four .gures only show the basic relationship between SNR, data error rate, and tag to data ratio; they are not precisely the boundary or optimal solution.

in particular, we would like to study how the tagging schemes a.ect data transmissions (i.e., the data error rate), and how well receivers can recover the tag (i.e., the tag error rate).


2) The place where the landing action starts is called landing position,or landing point.

the Windows memory allocation granularity makes large heap objects addresses much more predictable.


Type checking IsSet entry point Pattern control While list Black list Error / exit Aggreg.

an excessive tree pruning can result in a tree with too few nodes to do a good classi.cation.


Technical report, Mozilla, 2001. http://www.mozilla.org/ projects/security/components/same-origin.html.

this requires security-aware developers, and only provides an indication that the data is potentially malicious, not why, what it can be used for, or how to neutralize it.


Our solution consists of exactly three stages of operation.

its method of doing damage made it the most costly worm in history.


Conclusion: Carefully constructed sprayed code combined with proper connecting methods will successfully attack all mainstream DCG implementations, which shows that DCG Spraying has become a major security threat against dynamic code generators.

if it is executed from 0x110F, it will be executed as a sledge (Fig.1C) which in turn provides a stepping stone for drive-any shellcode.


The automotive-related work has been supported in part by the European Commission through the EFRE Programme "Competence in Mobility" (COMO) under Contract No.

keywords automotive, biometric modalities, characteristics fusion, speech, face Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.


In section 3.3 we illustrate through a case study how the various implementation challenges speci.ed in section 2.2 are met by VSDs in detail.

a user who plans to perform long term anonymous communication with others who are located in close geographical proximity is at a disadvantage if he/she is not allowed to use synchronous mix cascades.


The current quantum ideally .uctuates around the desired quantum and .nally converges to it.

a misprediction by the mitigator causes it to construct a new schedule; because this choice is in general observable by the adversary, some information leaks.


The Lookout Blog, December 2012. http://goo.gl/7lkRM.

for the scope of this paper we limited the feature set to the CDR records representing details from SMS and voice call transactions, used by most wireless carriers for billing.


We also assume nodes share pairwise keys [19].

by adding the error and the minimum accuracy, we conclude the minimum precision of cluster time is 25 µs for 2 <Sk CL < 16 minutes.


The idea behind displaying images on three seperate grids one after the other is to avoid the possibility of guessing attack.

phase, where as in login phase for smart card it is 384 bits (3x128) for sending Ri, Ni & Ci.


It then compares the two areas to ensure that no memory errors have occurred.

our experimentsassume that vitalkerneldataremains intact.


If no such entry can be found, output NO-ONE.

in situations where the real-time requirement is not critical, e.g.


Second, security-relevant metadata, such as the permissions to check for authorizing access, are also typically identi.ed manually and hard-coded into server software.

the choice between lazy and eager TMI-based enforcement can depend on the authorization strategy, as well as the server software and its workload.


Much of the time, While many health and wellness scenario have important privacy implications, the user has no incentive to forge data as they are themselves the primary data consumer.

in K. G. Paterson, editor, EUROCRYPT, volume 6632 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 129 148, 2011.


Let us consider the problem of computing a publicly known aggregate function f for a variable x with data distributed among a set of caregivers {C1, C2,..., Ck} from sub-aggregates a1,a2, ..., an, pre-computed by the caregivers Ci.

a manufacturer or researcher submits a request for an aggregate to a designated aggregator.


Every super peer is assumed to have a set of invitations/identities (say N).

in this scheme the super node will assign only around N/10 identities for nodes at level 1.


When receiving g~ from the SEM, he computes g = gsemguser.

the original GDH scheme was devised by Boneh, Lynn and Shacham ([6]) and is based on groups where the computational Diffie-Hellman problem is hard while the de- cisional one is easy (see [22] and [17]: GDH stands for Gap-Diffie-Hellman and usually denotes this kind of group).


Moreover, the chosen features subset might not be good enough for classi.ers other than the wrapped classi.er since the features subset was chosen for a particular classi.er.

the use of backtracking (which is set to 5 steps in Weka by default [24]) aims toward reducing the possibility of being stuck in a plateau or a local maximum [24].


The problem is that MAC policies often fail to comply with integrity requirements, as discussed above, so we must repair non-compliant cases.

for web browsers, the base permissions (i.e., booleans are o.)


this enables to derive keys with arbitrarily small bit error probabilities from noisy PUF responses.


Clearly for users who do not use the mouse, this method will fail to detect an intruder.

for each event category and for the cursor movement data, we compute the mean, standard deviation and third moment of the distance, angle and speed between pairs of points.


For example, if the little .nger is used to draw an arc pattern, the center would be at a position of the joint between the little .nger and palm where its radius is speci.ed by the length of the little .nger.

[9] demonstrated that a system could still achieve 98% identi.cation rate using just the lengths of four .ngertips thumb excluded.


The total number of states of k SPC-FAs is illustrated in Figure 2(a).

each of k SPC-FAs is built on a different sub-rule set so that each SPC-FA compactly preserves one part of the traditional DFA without overlapping others.


For example, we place all those related to human-readable, .ne-grained addresses together (e.g.

the mapping of these API calls to this behavior category is an example of a rule.


ISSUES AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Recovery and Re-Execution The Rx-based re-execution allows recovery in many practical cases.

[51] W. Vogels, D. Dumitriu, A. Agrawal, T. Chia, and K. Guo.


For example, WINE includes information on unknown binaries found on the Internet.

pAVLO,A., PAULSON,E., RASIN,A., ABADI,D.J., DEWITT, D. J., MADDEN,S., AND STONEBRAKER, M. 2009.


Our Detection System is based on the alerts generated by snort and association rules created by the Apriori algorithm [11],[13].

mansmann, Fisher, Keim, North, Visual support for analyzing network traffic and intrusion detection events using TreeMap and graph representations, Proceedings of the Symposium on Computer Human Interaction for the Management of Information Technology, Maryland, USA, 2009.


S s inputs to the GC are the secrets corresponding to the random values used to blind the energies at the input and the SNR at the output.

c s inputs to GC are 2m energies represented with fe bits each and 2 energies represented by fE bits.


Place the IMS signaling core behind a firewall or packet filtering router This allows the provider the ability to limit the exposure of the IMS signaling core elements to many kinds of network based attacks.

scenario #2: IMS Signaling Core Behind Application Layer Gateway (ALG) Figure 6.


This is true as long as the mobile node does not disconnect for a period of time larger than the one covered in the report (i.e.

the GIRi report in SCI will not contain any information about G1 and the mobile node will not be able to point to the (O3, t3) sent in the OIRi report thus failing to invalidate it if it is cached and compromising the consistency of the data.


The main difference from our approach is that in our approach the security enforcement is performed in a middle layer, which is above the main OS and below the applications.

this policy speci.es that a subject s can create a passive object (e.g., a .le or directory) or invoke a process o, and the new object s label is lower than or equal to the subject s label.


Trust in properties must be established using some out-of-band mechanism; it amounts to trusting the person responsible for managing a property.

configure(e, t, l) Con.gure the tool for use.


Nevertheless, the computed features in both sides cannot be completely identical, since the two ECG signals, collected by the IMD and the programmer at di.erent locations in body, can exhibit some di.erences.

to this end, we propose to implement a mechanism enabling the execution of complex computational algorithms by splitting these algorithms into a virtual set of instructions that will be executed sequentially (loops are decomposed into a sequence of repetitive actions, logical conditions are used to generate di.erent scenarios of executions).


The system is run by the market places or a third party to prove or disprove security properties of apps.

instead of being sent Figure 1: RecDroid Service Overview to the operating system s legacy permission handler (e.g.


For example, hardware IOMMU requires the support from the CPU, the BIOS, and the motherboard chipset.

some attacks were manually tested, for example by remapping speci.c I/O memory ranges and trying to read or write them.


However, in this case, the VMMs can not intercepts I/O accesses to the devices.

bitVisor uses this bitmap to intercept I/O access to speci.c port addresses.


A better solution is to remove Trent while still allowing the mutually untrusting Alice and Bob to .nd one another and to fairly and unlinkably exchange coin.

[7] prop ose a protocol that both unlinks exactly two addresses, and cryptographically enforces a fair exchange between them.


5.3 Leveraging the IBE schema   A service can be built to provide a timed release of confidential documents by leveraging the core IBE properties: Any string can be used as an IBE encryption key (public key).

cONCLUSION  The management of confidential documents is an important issue in business, social and government environments.


For example, a system responds to an unauthorized port request identically to a normal allowed request.

[22] G. Hofstede, G. Hofstede, and M. Minkov.


In Advances in Cryptology EUROCRYPT, pages 29 37, 1989.

we therefore propose a new protocol for protecting social interactions in the context of instant messaging.


Compared to FireDroid, these approaches have a different goal: to prevent that malicious applications get on the device.

malware found in the wild may use native code to perform its malicious actions [51].


According to [2], about 50% of the apps contain at least one ad library.

2.1.3 Analytics Plugin Being di.erent from the ad library, analytics plugin is to help developer collect user engagement data from their applications and make decision according to huge amount of collected information.


While we could just push this work onto software engineers, past experience suggests that this will not result in secure systems.

these problems lie on the boundary between research and practice, which only further complicates the creation of useful solutions.


For example, P A -~Q is a state expression and the system is in this (combined) state at time tiff it is in state P and not in state Q at time t. Timing properties are expressed in a modal logic, where the possible worlds are bounded and closed time intervals: Intv = {[b,e] Ib, e 'rimeAb--<e} From a state expression S a term called the duration of S is formed: /s For a given interval [b, e] this term denotes the accumulated time where the system is in state S in the interval: b ~ S(t)dt Another useful term is ~, which for a given interval [b, e] denotes the length e -b of the interval.

since the server is multi-threaded, at most one of the ready processes is running on the server at a given time.


Malicious adversaries may do anything to infer secret information.

we emphasize that the intermediate results seen by the cloud in our protocol are either newly generated randomized encryptions or random numbers.


In the .rst case, termination is the right choice.

for instance, we are interested in the equality relationship between .le descriptor arguments, but not in inequalities or other relationships.


Furthermore, privileges of applications Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.

this idea would not work with the current Android system, where permissions are enforced at the application level.


We consider an attacker that gained code execution with the privileges of the Apache process (e.g., through a vulnerable PHP script), and attempts to elevate his privileges through a kernel exploit.

in fact, this can even be performed by a wrapper shell script, without any modi.cations to the application.


Thus, system call parameters must be uncloaked, and there is no guarantee that a compromised OS will perform the service correctly.

architectural Support for High Speed Protection of Memory Integrity and Con.dentiality in Multiprocessor Systems.


By striking the balance between users perception and compatibility to the existing web, we vote for secure as the primary choice for SSLock-protected domains.

in Firefox 3 and 3.5, it takes respectively 4 and 3 clicks to bypass an invalid certificate while other browsers require only 1 click.


The action table records which action should be performed at a given program point on a given memory object at runtime.

our major contribution is to provide an efficient scheme to detect data tampering while minimizing the overhead.


For Twitter spam, there is no need for the bots to use the mobile site, since an API to interact with the network is provided, and, in any case, there is no need to solve CAPTCHAs other than the one needed to create a pro.le.

for this experiment, 51 pro.les were created on MySpace, which was the largest social network at the time.


Spectral Clustering Based Regular Expression Grouping Zhe Fu1, 2 and Jun Li2, 3 1Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, China 2Research Institute of Information Technology, Tsinghua University, China 3Tsinghua National Lab for Information Science and Technology, China fu-z13@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn, junl@tsinghua.edu.cn  ABSTRACT Regular expression matching has been playing an import role in today s network security systems with deep inspection function.

if the states number of DFA compiled from regular expression ri is Si, and the states number of DFA compiled from regular expression pair ri and rj is S ,, then the similarity between regular expression ri and rj i j can be defined as follows: S .


(i)) and each Fi is a .xed polynomial of degree i with the additional requirement that all .xed polynomials do not share roots, i.e., gcd (F0 , ..., Ft)= 1.

a p-extension adds low-ranked elements to the ordered set, while keeping the q highest-ranked elements the same.


When the user selects multiple items with different strategies, those items can be considered one by one with the individual strategies in the game.

in our experiments, we consider the direct plays between the defender and the attacker.


Each model is then evaluated via a 10fold-cross validation.

iG with the Ranker searching method merely returned a ranked list of features (i.e.


Thus any conditions on a dishonest member s learning a key should also hold for an honest member.

cervesato was partially supported by NSF grant INT9815731 Logical Methods for Formal Veri.cation of Software and NRL under contract N00173-00-C-2086.


Verifying information .ow goals in security-enhanced Linux.

it is desirable to have a low false positive rate.


Also, as in the signcryption, we will have .

the adversary A issaid tobea(., t) adversary if it outputs the signature (m, s)in time t with advantage Adv(A)= Pr[A wins] = .. De.nition 1.


[12] A. Cimatti, E.M.Clarke, F. Giunchiglia, and M. Roveri.

a Restorative Join explicitly restores authorizations from past membership periods.


Placement annotations de.ne constraints on where code and data may be replicated.

the client s ability to initiate execution of highintegrity statements must be restricted.


We employ a di.erent approach to the enforcement of historical constraints by dynamically changing the requests that can succeed.

if u has not already invoked p1, the request is referred to the reference monitor to establish whether u has activated a role r such that (p2,r) .


This catalog satis.es Equation 1 so that the framework yields a succinct representation.


In the general case, the attack vector computation problem is NP-complete.

there are two types of power measurements: the power .ow through a line and the power consumption at a bus.


Inn this poster, wwe describe the SHAMROCK embedment, keeymmanagement funnctionality, upggradeability andd performance in teerms of energy aand speed.

they need to be protected atrest and in-transit, which itself calls for the use of various cryptographic schemes.


On modeling system-centric information for role engineering.


This line of research is orthogonal and complementary to our work.

for most companies, creating an RBAC con.guration from scratch is not easy.


2.4 ERBAC07 semantics We construct an acyclic, directed graph G =(V, E), where V = U .

it solves certain issues that arise when there is a role hierarchy and separation of duty constraints (as in RBAC3).


After searching the absolute trust branch, the trust branch begins to be searched.

the simulation parameters and their values Parameter W1 W2 W3 W4 T0 T1 T2 Value 0 0.5 0.8 1 0.5 0.7 0.9 Take the file download as the example for the simulative network environment: The total number of the nodes is 1000, the proportion of the absolute nodes is 10% under the initial situation, the proportion of both the common trust nodes and critical trust nodes is 10%, the proportion of the distrust nodes is 50%.


http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2012/EECS2012-26.pdf [11] Android Developers, 2012.

send, receive, and present messages in a user-friendly fashion.


For the latter, the default functionality o.ered by new Android versions is discussed.

this provides the possibility to require user consent to use a key.


One simple method would be to invoke different compiler transformations, or a different transformation ordering, to obtain different versions of the same application.

linux Kernel Patch from the Openwall Project.


In this paper, we present Dynamically Recreatable Key (DRKey) protocols that enable routers to (re-)create symmetric keys shared with the endhosts on the .y.

oPT is robust against DoS attacks based on state exhaustion.


An instance means the values on every attributes.

rEFERENCES [1] Bouckaert, R., Frank, E., Hall, M., Kirkby, R., Reutemann, P., Seewald, A., and Scuse, D. 2008.


BitVisor manages a part of the security-critical devices using its own device drivers called parapass-through drivers.

it is not easy to execute anti-malware software outside of a virtual machine managed by a parapass-through hypervisor.


These were sampled with the help of EKO agents based on reported interest in EKO s service.

the fact that PINs can be compromised in EKO s scheme does weaken its claim for 2-factor security considerably.


We applied DTW algorithm to investigate this dissimilarity in worm samples.

we utilized DTW distance scores as points in hierarchical clustering as our system call traces are dynamically generated and to capture the similarity within these traces a dynamic algorithm is required.


The belief propagation algorithm iteratively exchanges messages between the factor and the variable nodes in Fig.

as we have seen in Section 4, the observation of one (or more) additional family member(s) has often much more impact on the target s privacy than the observation of only one relative.


for DAIKON, we only report that the distance ranges from 0 to some value greater than 30.


So far, we collected 18,758 distinct submitted samples and received the attention of several research groups (1,000 distinct accounts), who integrated their malware-analysis services with ours.

the availability of ARM-asa-service platforms4 makes scaling AndroTotal to physical hardware feasible.


The chain requires all the proofs or the encrypted proofs to be presented to the auditor A. .

the auditor only accepts the claim of location provenance if and only if the sequential derivation of the accumulator from CT i to CT j is successful.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.

a completely new virus which is not a variant of any existing type starts a family of its own.


Continuing with the example in the previous paragraph, if we want the attacker to login again so we have more time to monitor, we might cause an arti.cial network disconnection that will cause the target to login again.

many computer defenses that use deception were ad-hoc attempts to incorporate deceptive elements.


In this paper we first demonstrate that preventing illegal accesses to the database by means of application layer is not effective, as it try to shield the vulnerable database by some middleware ad hoc methods.

in case that the application does not request the user s identification, the goal of our method is to prevent unauthorized accesses and to distinguish between the sessions of the different users.


C-P system experimentation is certainly not limited to programmers.

the programming option is available if real data streams are desired.


VISOR The challenge of our architecture is how to protect guest ation of innocent ones.

when clients information leaves memory and is stored to storage, such as swapping out and suspend, it is easily stolen by malicious operators of data centers.


This is a significant advantage over the monolithic process architecture.

euroSys 10, April 13-16, 2010, Paris, France.


s scheme, none can meet all requirements.


[6] Liu, Ling, Calton Pu, and Wei Tang .

a QoI-trust value close to I indicates that the information will meet the needs of the consumer with a very high likelihood.


Q: Will the covenant model proposed here really work?

it can be found in IDIP (though it is described differently) and in Rephart's and White's work on automatic defense against novel viruses.~ A flood signature can specify:  The IP addresses being flooded  The IP addresses generating the flood (addresses can be spoofed, as noted)  The IP addresses of network nodes that the flooding traffic is traversing  A signature can use wildcards and other shorthands.


The application servers have to be distributed in such a way that inherent route diversity is fully utilized; i.e., analysis must show that no routing bottleneck arises.

iEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 10(1), 2008.


The true negative rate was tested with other users data, i.e.

neither study generalized their approach for classifying gestures employed while using common UI elements, which is the focus of our investigation.


Thus, user A is 4-anonymous independently of whether or not B, C, and D are currently using the system, or even   (a) (b) Figure 2: Statistical background information: e.ciency(a) and additionalinformation(b) present at their home locations.

4.1 Consistency Consider that the k usersinthecloaking region of agiven user are situated nextto each otherin a smallplace(e.g., a bar).


Zn - If j = k +1, B randomly picks (z1,z2,.. .,zn) $ N .

no PPT adversary can distinguish Game k and Game k +1.


For example, Alice may pass a gate to an untrusted principal Bob that, when executed, encrypts and declassi.es data under Alice s authority.

moreover, the concreteware layer itself will be coded almost entirely in a minimal subset of Breeze, called Tempest, suitable for systems programming.


4.3.3 Capability revocation While in a local operating system context, capability revocation is a fairly simple concept, revocation in a distributed system is an exceedingly di.cult problem.

trustVisor [22] is a hypervisor-based extension to the Flicker [23] concept.


¤ The client program sends information of selected music and user`s authentication information to the server.

the digital music services have not been analyzed for security issues.


Some NA and RA rules reference the user s consent.

ancestor and sibling relationships may reveal information as sensitive as the one carried out by the nodes themselves (e.g., classification).


One part is the image encryption through EVDIC, before an image is stored on the disk.

in future, we will deploy EVDIC on OpenStack and evaluate its performance.


= Lm(u) , where u is the user represented by s. This policy indicates that whenever a subject s wants to read an object o and their labels are not comparable, then the label of the subject is updated to the least upper bound of their labels through the .

logically, a token maps a socket connection to a right set of {read, write}, where a socket connection has a source (subject) IP/port and a destination (object) IP/port.


For example, AV vendors often base their malware categorization process on features extracted from reverse engineering the malware binaries.

rather, VAMO explicitly deals with the inconsistencies typical of multiple AV labels to build a more representative reference set, compared to majority voting-based approaches.


We believe that choosing d =2 is reasonable, considering such incentive issues and computational ef.ciency.

we develop a keyword auction scheme in which winners and payments can be obtained without letting auctioneers learn the bidding prices.


The Filter syntax is: Filter(P1,...,Pn)(S), where P1,...,Pn are predicates over stream S. The result consists of n+1different streams S1 ...Sn, where each stream Sj contains those tuples of S satisfying predicate Pj , j .{1,...,n}.

in [5] we have de.ned the semantics of the protection object speci.cation of a policy acp as the set of tuples over which a user to which the policy applies can exercise privilege acp.priv.


However, a potential paradox of any graphical system is that the attacker may benefit from the very thing that makes it more usable the relative ease of processing and recalling visual information.

this protocol potentially has a number of benefits: (i) Target images are related The cognitive load of a portfolio-based system is reduced; (ii) Scalability Target images are drawn from a single base image, for a single account a user must remember a single image; (iii) Description As tiles are likely to have little semantic meaning, attacks based on tile descriptions will be difficult.


One approach to protecting against this type of attack is to perform bounds checking: ensuring that no access is allowed out-of-bounds of the memory area that an object inhabits.

if the arithmetic would go out-of-bounds in this case then the *mem 6 = curr statement will try to dereference an invalid memory location, causing the program to crash.


On x86, we can only instrument those instructions that calculate an address from base and index.

by the time the index is actually used, it may well have to be loaded from the original (tainted) memory address again, because the register was reused in the meantime.


[14] Kotzanikolaou, P., Burmester, M., and Chrissikopoulos, V. Secure Transactions with Mobile Agents in Hostile Environments.

the Transaction Set (TS), of the originator O includes m transactions that look like: {t1=[(suggestOffer, Offer1), Sig1] tk = [(sendWinningTo, Address), sigk] tm = [(suggestOffer, Offerm), Sigm]}  By then the (k, n) secret sharing is used to produce the following set of shares: {{t9 t1n}, {tm1 tmn}}.


1.1 Our Results MPC for the Masses Our main goal in this project was to implement a system that enables casual non-interactive multi-party computation (Canon-MPC, for CAsual NON-interactive MPC).

the di.erent client-side versions of the software can all interact, and enable participants who use di.erent browsers to execute MPC protocols together.


Hierarchical State Machine Architecture for Regular Expression Pattern Matching Cheng-Hung Lin National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan brucelin@ntnu.edu.tw ABSTRACT Regular expression has been widely used in network intrusion detection system to represent attack patterns due to its expressive power and flexibility.

categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.0 [Computer Communication Networks]: General-Security and protection (e.g., firewalls) General Terms: Algorithms, Design, Security Keywords: Pattern Matching, Regular Expression, State Machine 1.


A can attempt to delay the transmission of TRA A V such that t =(tV -tV) exceeds the listening period (Requirement (3)) while TRA still has a signi.cant chance of being spread in the network.

this provides an incentive for peers to continuously support Bitcoin.


All the techniques described in previous sections require only a very limited set of application permissions and the make use of existing APIs that are unlikely to change substantially in the foreseeable future.

for instance, when establishing an interactive shell to an instance via ADB, the behavior is different between an emulator  1 i n t l e v e l = b a t t e r y S t a t u s .


The new RBAC policy (UR, RT ) is illustrated in Figure 3, ignoring the dotted arrows for the moment.

if they are history-dependent, then their evaluation may change during work.ow execution, depending on who has previously executed which tasks.


the privacy and usercentric selective disclosure requirement is ful.lled.


SASSA policy states that no person in state institutions should be able to acquire grants since they are benefiting from government funds.


using all the features simultane ously does not ensure high accuracy.


Both the kernel and applications access .les through the VFS, so this approach can generate a complete record of .le activity.

we also want to collect and retain provenance data for as much of the operating system s shutdown process as possible.


The global policy should prohibit any external send performed after internal read regardless of the speci.c location of the events.

local policies are speci.ed exclusively in terms of local events performed sequentially by a single target on speci.c node.


Item (DI), specify the actions that determined users can perform on the resource linked to the DI.


Using ADSI, programmers can develop applications when can retrieve information from Active Directory as well as write to it [1, 2].

a user on Windows can change their Windows password and a corresponding message is sent to the Unix machine to update the Unix password file.


For speci.c distributions, we de.ne the pre-determined trust level between A, B .

next, we discuss the impact to sensor nodes themselves.


This would suggest that the policy writer need not overly concern himself with analyzing the PDP s failure handlers.

in Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Software Engineering, pages 196 205.


The decision not to test PIN + repeated drawing was made since drawing PINs in order to stimulate the motor memory is not the common way to use PINs.

after ten days the condition represented by group three, PassShapes combined with the repeated drawing strategy showed the best results with over 94% correctly reproduced PassShapes.


The .rst time is easy because we can assume that the inputs X, Y are uniformly distributed on the set of all possible inputs.

for a random variable X with distribution PX , we de.ne H8(X) = H8(PX ).


After selecting the target, the solver is instructed to click a Next button, wait for a .ashing and a beep (our stimuli), followed by clicking the object that matches with that target.

developing our own versions also allowed us to freely vary the game parameters, such as the number and speed of objects, and investigate the DCG captcha security and usability with respect to these parameters.3 We created four instances of games as speci.ed in Section 2.2 using Adobe Flash.


Bump provides a very nice user experience, but is vulnerable to attack.

more accurate accelerometers may increase the accuracy of smartphone-based attacks that monitor vibrations to detect keystrokes on the phone [4] or nearby keyboards [16].


In another way, A5 avoids a type of evasion in that malware targeting any particular Android API version will run in A5.

subsequently, prior knowledge can be applied to new variants of malware to automate many analysis tasks.


It achieves leakage resilience and retains most bene.ts of legacy passwords by involving only intuitive cognitive operations and requiring no extra devices.

the psychology of learning and motivation, 8:47 89, 1974.


The more connected is the network, the larger are the numbers of required variables and constraints; this translates into longer LP solving times.

the security of this transformation follows from the observation that for any entity (that is not j, e.g., SM, repeater, or UP), it is impossible to compute either cj from the revealed product c T .j , or A.j from the revealed prod j BT uct A.j BT This is the case since BT is a random group element that is not revealed to the adversary (see also [14]).


tem, we analyze how much information a web tracker can collect about each user in the trace study under each of the privacy policies presented in Table 2 except d private browsing, which was not used by any user in our trace study.

[8] GO E L , S., RO B S O N , M., PO LT E , M., AND SI RER , E. G. Herbivore: A scalable and ef.cient protocol for anonymous communication.


Given that the format of this .eld is known, all we need here is a set of parameters (type, brand, OS version etc.)

the threat posed by our attack is very realistic.


I i U is considered unfresh if (1) as above, or (2) the adversary  i U We say an instance I accepts when it computes a valid corrupted some player in pid before I i U terminated.

avoidable security concerns to be addressed: for example, a malicious insider should not have the ability to learn the session keys computed by groups of which he is not a member, and should not be able to impersonate other honest players or to cause di.erent (honest) members of a group to compute di.erent session keys without detecting that something is amiss.


Anonymous credential systems are a typical example for a setting where the identity provider is not fully trusted.

additionally, we apply blank digital signatures [10] (used as a redactable signature scheme) for the Identity Link enabling the citizen to redact speci.c identity attributes out 7https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/software/moa-idspss 8Quali.ed electronic signature is a legal term for a digital signature which satis.es speci.c requirements according to the EU signature directive [9].


The value of the IS-A property may be a disjunction of two or more concepts.

ontology is, of course, languagc-indcpendcnh i.e., it is the same for all languages.


If the result of that computation is distinct to some piece of code and is sent back, the attacker will learn where that code is located.

these functions only differ in their .rst instruction, which moves a constant signifying what system call is intended into a register.


The tendering process will start when the city places the Request for Proposal documents on its web site, allowing anyone to download them.

readers wishing to learn more about PKIs may consult texts such as Adams [1], Austin [2] or Housley [6].


For example, if |c| = |d| = k, both would require |m| .

eTDP + (qH + qG + qS )· 2+ 3qG · Ehide -|c| + (qS + qD) · ((2qG + qS ) · 2+ Ehide + Eextract) 2 -|d| ECMA .


The intuition behind this is that correctness will guarantee that the simulator can extract the input xi for a corrupted party and therefore obtain the correct value y from the ideal functionality, regardless of the coins used by the adversary.

thus an element in R (or Rq) can be viewed as a degree n polynomial over Z (or Zq).