The resource consumed by a put is then naturally measured by the product of its size (in bytes) and its TTL.

for the purposes of fairness in OpenDHT, a put of 1 byte with a TTL of 100 seconds is equivalent to a put of 50 45 6 5 4 20 3 15 2 10 Total Bytes*Seconds (MB*hours)  Total Storage (MB) 5 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (hours) Time (hours) Figure 4: Non-starvation.


we use a textbased search, where the text is derived by decompiling .NET assemblies taken as inputs.


This must have made it impossible to consistently put a defect in just one category at the time of data collection; for us as future users of the data, it made it impossible to imagine that the data had been categorized consistently.

there seemed to be two different sets of orthogonal concerns reflected in the defect categories.


2.2 Pseudorandomness are many block ciphers that had once been considered safe and were subsequently broken, there exists a selection of them that successfully underwent a thorough peer-review process without being broken, and are generally considered to be trusted primitives.

we found that a formal de.nition of pseudorandomness is essential for designing and evaluating a splittable P RN G. we found that the concept of pseudorandomness used in cryptography matches closely our goal of creating random-looking numbers, which we explain in this section.


ET can be de.ned as a testing approach where design and execution of test cases occur simultaneous.

eT is any testing where the tester controls the design while tests are performed and uses the knowledge acquired to design better tests [3].


However, the actual transformations provide the same guarantees and limitations of traditional compiler passes.

pGO typically narrows its search space by focusing on particular parts of the program (e.g., hot paths).


5 While there exists a prototype implementation of a type-checking QuaFL compiler, it is still under development, so there is no de.nitive or complete collection of type inference rules at this time.

variables that have quantum types must be used exactly once, but may be used as a form of control (corresponding to control qubits in logical quantum circuits) arbitrarily many times without restrictions.


However, we can make our analysis more precise by incorporating the effects of a dynamic check.

(A.If.Update) checks if when the guard is update. '


However, for Alice ML the semantics of dynamic types has been crafted such that the core language, where polymorphism is ubiquitous, is not affected.

unlike functors, polymorphic functions are still fully parametric: the usual laws still hold, and they can be compiled using standard type erasure techniques.


PLM is well defined for a wide range of products, processes and services but its standardization in many of the security processes, and in particular in processes that involve the use of mobile devices, appears to be still missing.

a private or business organization cannot take part in the whole lifecycle management of a mobile device; the lifecycle begins with an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) purchase and continues until its final disposal.


ß)a.t /a] if s is some t ' :: s' (a list beginning with t '), then the unroll coercion substitutes t ' for ß and µ(s' .


The transferfunctionfora simple assignmentin copy mode is then Ident[v .. {e}].

v must have the value of e after this assignment, while all other variables retain whatevervalues theyhadbefore theassignment.Intransfer mode, let Donor ={e}n V -{v} bethe set containingthe source variable(if any)ofthe assignment.


In this article, the semantic mapping considers only semantic relationships in MT.

other relationships (RO) (non-taxonomic relationships) illustrated in table 1 are considered for associative semantics mapping.


Since heap objects referenced by the caller may be passed to the callee, any structural update to these objects needs to be re.ected to the caller.

the transfer functions of heap assignment (in Section 4.2) need to be augmented to re.ect the interprocedural context.


For this purpose, we took each transaction, left out one entity and checked if ROSE could predict the missing entity.

the query was the complete transaction without the missing entity.


MashMaker s data representation is also heavily in.uenced by XML6.

the idea of distinguishing between properties and children is taken from XML.


Direction: Angular relationships among character components Bezier Values: Mathematically derived points that capture shape of Figure 5 Examples of two types of features contained in graphs: Direction and Bezier Values When isomorphic graphs are aligned, a direct one-to-one correspondence between each geometric measurement comprising the feature vector can be established.

when two graphs are identified through the isomorphic graph matching process, their feature vectors are also aligned and corresponding features can be compared in detail.


CONCLUSION It is important for software developers to have a simpli.ed image when they need to create a complex software.

in the case of a multiplayer online game, where many software modules must be build into the system, it takes a long time before they struggle with the main part of the system structure.


A function is also a 5-tuple  that defines changes to a base tuple in terms of: refinements to a base state chart (.s)  refinements to a base action document (.a)  refinements to a base view document (.v)  refinements to a base actions business logic (.b)  refinements to a base jsp page (.j)  Suppose we want to synthesize the 5-tuple  of a portlet P by starting with a base portlet C (a constant) and refining it by the features (functions) F1 and F2.

our portlet specification P is: P = F2 F1 C =   =<.s2 .s1 s, .a2 .a1 a, .v2 .v1 v, .b2 .b1 b, .j2 .j1 j> =  (13) the 5-tuple of our desired portlet is synthesized by composing the base state chart with its refinements, the base action document with its refinements, and so on [6].


That it still holds with function patterns should not be that surprising, as the semantics of these patterns is de.ned using subtyping.

due to this circularity, the completeness result does not imply that our subtyping relation is the .nest subtyping relation possible.


Naturally DrScheme allows programmers to switch from one teaching language to another without shutting down and restarting the IDE.

the system decides at run-time which units should be linked in.


There are also some projects, like Service-Oriented Architecture for Devices (SOA4D), managed by Schneider Electric, or Web Services for Devices (WS4D) [17], managed by MATERNA and the universities of Dortmund and Rostock, which provide DPWS stacks implemented in different programming languages.

we selected the WS4D Java Multi Edition DPWS Stack (JMEDS) as it is compatible with both the Standard (J2SE) and Micro (J2ME CLDC) Editions of the Java platform, hence supporting a wide range of devices.


Mostly an aspect is described as a concern that cannot be modularly represented in a chosen decomposition and is hence scattered across and tangled with other stakeholder concerns.

an aspect is defined in terms of the problem it should solve.


The above analysis implies that: Feature (f.4) Foreachperiod Ii,1, it holds that ti,1 = I- i,1.

i- Feature (f.5) Foreachperiod Ii,j , it holds that i,j = ti,j = I- + µ.. i,j It is also easy to infer that there must exist at least one bin bk satisfying k< i and ti,j <Ik +.Otherwise, ti,j would not be contained in any period Ik where k< i.bi would be the opened bin with the lowest index at time ti,j .


However, if one aims to, for example, add a simple feature to an already-veri.ed program, it may require reconstructing the entire proof.

building upon a veri.ed program (a program with its accompanying proofs) while also maintaining its consistency is generally not an easy task.


To ensure that those skipped log records can be identi.ed after a crash of the MSP, at orphan recovery end, in addition to truncating its position stream, the session writes an end-of-skip (or EOS) log record, which contains the LSN of the orphan log record just found.

the EOS log record points back to the orphan log record.


Since we evaluate terms e in contexts C, and return a value v in some larger context C ', we take our Kripke worlds to be the closed contexts.

worlds are those C such that S Ci ·f C -Oi.


What we see then is that the Situation Abstraction that Dey and Abowd write about is more of a system-wide role fulfilled by a layer, rather than a reusable abstraction (al- though we note that the facade design pattern is a layer- like object [6, p. 185]).

the situation of an entity is two stages of interpretation by the Situation Mod- eling layer.


While a system is being developed, designers may identify subsets of features that are likely to change or be added in the future; however, their focus is generally inward-looking.

they are concerned about how the product they are creating may change, not how future developers may want to reuse their system.


In the second iteration of BOLT, the MAP stage applies PUNCH to the Ready queries in QSet: Qfoo ,Qbar and Qbaz .

in the second iteration, QSet is assigned as follows: QSet ' .


Victim caches help with conflict misses, and in the previous subsection we discussed timekeeping metrics that can be used as reliable indicators of conflict misses, par- ticularly dead time and reload interval, t Here, we propose using these conflict indicators to manage the victim cache.

we want to avoid entering items into the victim cache that are unlikely to be reused soon.


For the undirected, we ignored directions so that we used a reviewer s rating to predict a commenter s ratings as well as a commenter s ratings to predict a reviewer s ratings.


The idea governing the system is to make the Scheme host as transparent as possible.

one should use Snow packages in the very same way, whatever the Scheme host.


For the same reasons as for synchronous method calls, it is convenient to interpret all rd permissions mentioned in a method speci.cation as representing the same permission amount.

if a fork and its corresponding join occur in a scoped fashion (in the same method body), we would like to be able to express that we can match up the same permission amounts from corresponding rd predicates.


The distributed architectures outperform the SA architecture for both performance indices.

with reference to the AUPL, an actual performance improvement can be obtained with C%>=30.


An adaptive method is considered legal if its strategy is compatible with the input schema.

the input schema meets all of the structural assumptions made by the strategy.


A reliability predicate P has the following form: P := Rf =Rf | P .P Rf := .

| .£ | R(O) | Rf ·Rf a predicate is either a conjunction of predicates or a comparison between reliability factors, Rf .


Our .nal experiments investigate the impact of inaccuracies in the estimates on Conventional and GreenVarPrices.

we consider four scenarios of normally distributed inaccuracies for GreenVarPrices, our realworkloads, and theAverage week: (1) inaccuracies ranging between -20% and +20% with an average of 0%; (2) ranging between 0% and +20% with an average of +10%; (3) ranging between -20% and 0% with an average of -10%; and (4) ranging between -40% and 0% with an average of 20%.


Compliance regimes define a set of additional rules, so called compliance and robustness rules that a device has to comply with [29].

a compliance regime defines a given trust layer for a system.


The RGPS frame provides a common basis for domain modeling, requirements elicitation and analysis, and other phases in the lifecycle of Networked Software.

it can contribute to generate requirements specification and get Web service based solution.


Besides, we intend to de.ne JTL transformations for more complex (existing) approaches [2], in order to investigate the aspects illustrated in Section 4.3.

we are very interested to observe JTL at work in cases where the forward transformation is non-bijective and multiple architectural alternatives may result from the back propagation of changes.


Join point shadows of the pointcuts must be searched for and the respective advice calls must be woven1.

the aspect weaving overhead affects the runtime behavior of the system.


If one works through the technical details, one sees that what makes everything work is that fact that K is a monad.

algebras of the monad, which are propositions A satisfying KA .


This type system is used to validate the value in RDF documents and also to check any restrictions that might be implied on properties within RDF documents.

the RDF Schema is used to check the integrity of the triples of RDF statements; that the predicate is proper for the subject and the object is proper for the predicate.


In addition to parallel threads that perform speculative computations, a main thread is used to coordinate their activities.

the main thread assigns speculative computations to parallel threads, speculatively copies-in data into the memories allocated to parallel threads, checks for misspeculations, and if no misspeculation occurs it copies-out the speculatively computed results from memories of parallel threads to the memory allocated to hold the non-speculative computation state.


Although there are several studies on simple core calculi for languages with dependent types such as for Scala and gbeta [27, 10, 14] such languages are typically more complex than the standard Java setting and more dif.cult to manage.

the fact that nested types are accessed through a restricted set of expressions raises subtle interactions with somewhat orthogonal aspects such as immutability of .elds and variables see Section 5 for a more detailed discussion.


The technique proposed in this paper includes mechanisms in order to avoid the appearance of cliques of a degree higher than the number of PCs.

the proposed technique features: heuristics to select the most appropriate decision (see Section 4.4.3), that takes into account the number of edges in the VCG to prevent this situation; and, a process to detect cliques based on a graph coloring scheme [4], applied after a decision has been studied by the deduction process and selected by the heuristics.


Sincethetypegiveninthe client moduledoes notmention save-.le and the class is unsealed by the time it is instantiated, sealing contracts do not catch this faulty method invocation.

a method invocation from untyped code to typed code can be unsafe and must be rejected unless a contractprotects the method.


Error: An error is a situation, the conditions of which contradict the speci.cation.

an error is always the same as a speci.cation violation, i.e., if the situation does not comply with the preconditions or postconditions, as [4] states, e.g., if a tra.c light changes directly from green to red.


CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we presented a hybrid approach for selfmanagement that combines an endogenous self-adaptation approach with an exogenous self-healing approach.

the multi-agent system provides self-adaptation to deal with dynamics in normal operating conditions, while the self-healing subsystem covers the dynamics involving transitions to faulty states.


3.MAPPING SSE-CMM TO PATIENT-CENTERED HEALTHCARE DOMAIN 3.1 Objectives On one hand, mapping SSE-CMM process areas into the patientcentered healthcare domain enables us to develop a complete set of metrics for security and privacy risk assessment of PHR systems.

such mapping helps us in establishing a set of metrics and/or criteria to evaluate the PHR systems security maturity levels either covered or uncovered by the imposed HIPAA regulations in the patient-centered healthcare domain.


The dynamic instrumentation overhead for memory/call graph generation was about 50X while the off-line analysis time including interface identi.cation and invariants detection occupies the rest of the overhead.

the interface identi.cation time was suf.ciently negligible that it occupies less than 3% of the whole overhead.


In other words, versioning a hypertext resource means versioning the whole hypertext network.

not only the content of a hypertext resource is versioned, but also its relationships with other resources as referenced by hypertext links.


In the context of this paper, we focus on the de.nition of an ADL conforming to the principles of Component-Based Software Engineering [8].

we demonstrate that FraSCAla can be used to describe a generic component model, which can be incrementally re.ned towards a more concrete component model and ultimately a domain-speci.c component model.


In particular, tree transducers are closed under sequential composition [27].

there is an effective procedure that takes two (total, deterministic, top-down) tree transducers A (from F to G)and B (from G to H), and produces a tree transducer C (from F to H) with [C] = [B] .


NEIGHBORHOOD SEARCH We now turn to Comet and we show that much of the style, and many of the bene.ts, of constraint programming carry over to neighborhood search.

we show that Comet also implements a layered architecture, cleanly separates modeling and search, and supports a rich language for constraints and search procedures.


It is worth remarking that the encoding can be combined with object closure conversion [Gle99a] and an encoding of functions as objects to provide a typed translation of closure-passing-style closure conversion.


5.2 The Decomposition Strategies Decomposition strategies aim at establishing the decomposition tree of a theatre by defining how variation point sets are partitioned and which controllers are assigned to nodes.

a strategy consists of a collection of rules that are triggered by the occurrence of a scenario in a theatre and describes how this scenario can be resolved and exploited by D&C. the strategies determine when and how theatres can be decomposed.


Our findings have implications for both software development processes and the tools that facilitate them.

these findings directly relate to lightweight or agile methods, where the developers are often required to allocate, prioritize and manage their own units of work.


In that way a scalable technique can be realized for large diagrams.

there are two different ways of clustering proxy elements: geometric and semantic clustering.


Fixing set: A .xing set for a CRI [F,RME,TS,FC] is a set of features FS such that SafeComposition(DOMf ,F,FS)=Øconf .

fS guarantees that CRI is consistent for all feature con.gurations.


The nursery enables inline allocation in JIT-generated code by bumping a pointer.

a memory allocation request takes one of the following paths: Fast Path the current nursery page has enough space to accommodate the current request.


Suppose that a tope has formats x and y.

let ycontain separators  and parts  in formats .


However, the preference logic program, as shown in Example 3, is intended to specify and solve this problem directly in a declarative method.

it separates the constraints of a problem itself from the criteria for selecting the optimal solutions.


Dynamically loading any Haskell application can be achieved with only small modi.cations to the application.

the static entry point is simply hoisted to become the dynamic entry point.


In Section 3 we apply the Linda-based transformation approach to the well-known Class2Relational case study and investigate on the execution performance.

we compare our approach against the ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL) [15].


Then, we may attempt to merge state(x) with state(y).However, h(x) = h(y) may not imply h(x+ z) =h(y + z),where h is the objective function, because different conditional branches may be used to compute h(x + z) and h(y + z); thus, merging state(x) with state(y) will break the property in Lemma 4.3.

we need to be careful about the branches in the objective function.


In this code, no synchronization is needed between the parallel loops since the array element updated by a processor in the .rst loop is read in the second loop by the same processor.

each processor can proceed independently of the others, which is not the case in Figure 2(b).


The automata shown in Figure 3(a) are in simple backtracking form.

f is a matcher and X and Y are boolean acceptors.


The ability to pass communication channels between processes as any other value a phenomenon called name passing or channel mobility provides much expressive power to the language.

it allows the concise encoding of most known computational models and also introduces Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.


Main con.gures and controls the execution of the genetic algorithm, and it also speci.es how to encode candidate solutions within JGAP.

main de.nes a vector of items and quantities as the structure for candidate solutions to the Knapsack optimization problem.


Furthermore it is reasonable to assume that the mapping between concrete actions in the plan and their implementations is correct.

the two following constraints are relevant: .a .


Our implementation extends this to arbitrary libraries and phases.

the import form of a library de.nes the language in which the library body is written, regardless of phases.


With so few branches dominating the program, a small variance in the misprediction penalty in one of these branches can have a large impact on performance.

it is likely that one or more of these 6 branches has a high misprediction penalty, and our optimization removes this high penalty by removing the mispredictions.


The algorithm starts with sorting the incident edges of each node according to their weights.

for each node v in the graph sort the elements in IE(v).


To make our approach practical, our API helps threads avoid excessive taint and takes advantage of Haskell s purity.

a thread may spawn disposable subcomputations to compute over data in other resource containers, the results of which can be read back without acquiring taint by copying the object out of the container.


Yellow objects are allocated unmarked, but any references to objects in IS stored into a yellow object will be treated as if the yellow object is behind the wavefront, effectively, detecting references stored into this yellow object.

it means that it is not possible for the mutator to create chains of unmarked allocated objects that the collector must chase .


First, we need to investigate whether crowdsourcing can always make the smart parkers better off than ordinary drivers.

we will evaluate different crowdsourcing strategies and compare the performance between the two groups of drivers.


This behavior results from the VEG specification: when the Juggler is in the state juggling, the go Activator is in the state disabled and the input event  is not accepted in this state.

the event  is not in the lookahead set of the state disabled.


It provides support for representing time and time-dependent behaviors of stimuli.

the use of an interface semantic allows clean separation between stimulus implementation and semantic.


In contrast, our technique based on the GSA form supports not only integer-valued scalar expressions, but also .oatingpoint-valued expressions and references to array variables.

the array references with subscripted subscript expressions that characterize irregular codes can be analyzed.


1.4 Our approach In short, we believe that the ideas behind wobbly types are good, but that they could and should be better presented and explained.

one should clearly separate two subsystems: one that performs traditional type inference in the style of Hindley and Milner, and enjoys a principal types property, so that it produces types that are indeed insensitive to the order in which the inference algorithm traverses the tree, and one that performs local type inference, that is, ad hoc propagation of explicit type annotations, either in Peyton Jones et al.


Then, is used for exclusive write access and a sequential lock is used for the cache area is polluted if the prediction is not accurate.

prefetching random accessed data is costly because it requires random access to the storage system.


More interestingly, when t is not known beforehand, it is possible to build small-space streaming synopses over S to estimate such point-frequency moments to within E factors of the corresponding stream moments.

(we can estimate point-frequencies accurately in small space as long as they are large with respect to the overall (expected) count of elements in the stream; these correspond to the typical streaming error guarantees for point estimation in the deterministic setting [7, 20].)


Multiple programmers are allowed to access and edit the same source code directory, and even the content of the same source code file at the same time, as follows: 1) One programmer s editing operations performed on source code directories (i.e., adding/deleting/renaming a directory or file) are immediately propagated and executed at all remote sites, as if the programmer is performing the same operations at all collaborating sites.

changes on source code directories performed by any individual programmer are immediately and automatically made visible to all other col-laborating programmers.


While this corresponds intuitively to the generativity of unpack in System F, it is undesirable in the context of dynamic, .rst-class modules.

in order for an abstract type t de.ned by some dynamic module M to have some permanent identity (so that it can be referenced by other dynamic modules), it is important that each unpacking of M yields a handle to the same name for t. Moreover, as we show in the next section, our approach to de.ning wrapping is suf.cient to ensure abstraction safety.


We now argue that if xi < s/3, then, with high probability, v s output is correct, i.e., v(p)i = w(p)i.

there are T(log n) objects assigned to probe object oi.


This fundamental difference between the heterogeneous system used in our work and previous work that uses DVFS, forces the operating system designer to consider factors beyond caches and memory when assessing the relative performance of the cores.

we will demonstrate that the metrics typically used in previous papers that model heterogeneity using DVFS, namely last level cache misses, are insuf.cient to explain the performance differences between core types in heterogeneous systems.


A commonly used model of utility is objective weighting, in which the utility function U(X) is a linear combination of the preference values fj (X), each preference value weighted by a corresponding weighting factor .j [11].


=j The method is guaranteed to converge if the spectral radius of the iteration matrix is less than 1.

for any matrix norm || · ||, limk.8 ||Bk|| k 1 < 1, where B is the matrix with Bij = - aij .


Note that our method achieved these scores with automatic generation of successful run, while the NN, CT/relevance and CT/infected methods all required the programmer to provide/choose a successful run.

by automating the successful run construction, we have not compromised on the bug report quality.


The Blue CHiP Research Project designed and developed the Configurable, Highly Parallel (CHiP) computer [8], a MIMD parallel machine with programmable interconnect like FPGAs of today.

the processors are not permanently connected to each other in a fixed topology; the programmer specifies how the processors are to connect.


The outer loop is unrolled and but it is still the innermost loop that is software-pipelined.

the RecMIIstill strongly depends on the recurrences in the innermost loop, though reduced by the unroll factor.


The partition size of a node is used as the quanti.able property, f (refer to Section 4).

an out.nger candidate with a small partition size is more likely to be selected as an out-.nger than a candidate with a larger partition size.


PERFORMANCE EVALUATION In this section, we evaluate the performance of the solution that is provided by our tool according to the number of MPI processes and OpenMP threads.

we compare the best solution generated by the tool and the execution times of all correct con.gurations.


In order to simplify our analysis, we make the following assumptions about the application code being analyzed: An application process uses send(p, m) to send message m to process p, and uses instruction receive(p, m) to receive message mfrom process p. For each send or receive instruction, the value p and the size of message, m, can be determined at compilation time.2  The message send/receive relationships can be statically captured at compilation time.

for each message send instruction, the compiler can determine which receive instruction receives the messages sent by that send instruction; and for each receive instruction, the compiler can statically determine the send instruction that sends the corresponding messages.


In this paper, we merge these two lines of research, by showing how recent theoretical decidability results for veri.cation can be fruitfully transferred to a concrete UML-based modeling methodology.

we identify additional steps in the methodology that, in signi.cant cases, guarantee the possibility of verifying the resulting models against rich .rst-order temporal properties.


Is itpossible that B does not detect all tags?

does there exist an input b that matches the regex P = ".*.


Furtherdetails on the experimental procedure are provided in Section 2.3.

the objects used in this study are screen mockups and UCs of twodi.erent software systems: EasyCoin andAMICO.EasyCoin isasystem forcatalogingcollectionsof coins, while AMICO is a system that helps Property Managers to manage a condominium (an activity very relevant in Italy) [5].


The GoldRush method is made possible by the FlexIO transport in the ADIOS I/O system [19][47] widely used on high end machines.

with FlexIO and ADIOS, analytics pipelines can be configured to map to compute nodes only those portions of their computations that fit into available idle resources, with additional analytics mapped to dedicated resources and/or run as post-processing tasks after data has been moved to the machine s attached parallel file system.


Finally, we de.ne the notion of structural patternsbased trace similarity as the equality of the sets of structural patterns observed in traces.

compatibility testing based on traces can be realized with a function that transforms a trace into a set of structural patterns as the tranformation function a and set equality as the test predicate ..  3.2 Temporal Patterns-based Similarity Structural patterns-based trace similarity will be ine.ective in situations where traces are identical in terms of the structural patterns but di.er in the order of structural patterns.


The list below enumerates and discusses these properties: The dereference relation D is an injective partial map.

each program expression e has at most one dereference expression e ' such that D(e, e ' ); and at most one address-of ex '' '' pression e such that D(e, e ).


However, if P is changed independently to use slack bytes then it reads the pixels incorrectly.

c makes a stronger assumption on the datatype (pitch = width) than the speci.cation allows (pitch = width) and it fails if pitch > width.


We .rst observe that y1i = y2i =0 for all i is a Nash equilibrium.

if Y2 =0, the optimal upload rate for any type 1 user is zero, and symmetrically, if Y1 =0, the optimal upload rate of any type 2 user is zero.


Tostatemorepreciselythemainquestionaddressedinthispaper,assume that we have a translation s(·) that can be applied to (a)XML schemas, (b) XML documents, (c) XML schema mappings,and (d) XML queries.

then the concept of correctness of such a translation is shown below: mapping M target T query QXML : source S M answer shred shred shred Relations : s(S) s(M) M s(T ) s(Q)M answer  suppose we start with an XML document S and an XML schema mapping M. In a native system, we would materialize some solution T over which we could answer queries Q.


In addition to information required to deal with concurrency, we also need a lot of machinery to cope with mutable state.

we keep track of a heap and fresh just as we did for our model of mutable state.


Participating in this event gave strong positive feedback on the research that had been performed so far, and it also gave new insights into the STAT approach.

running NetSTAT and USTAT at the same time revealed a number of similarities in the way attack scenarios were represented and in the runtime architecture of the systems.


Texas Instruments TMS320C6x family of VLIW digital signal processors [10] is both commercially important and also the epitome of this architectural style, so we have targeted this family for our research prototype.

we are targeting the C62x family, which are 32-bit .xed-point DSPs that are codecompatible with the more powerful C64x .xed-point family and the C67x .oating-point family.


Adapters directed by the SCP are responsible for invoking the corresponding primitive service and delivering application data, the execution result of the primitive service, to the subsequent adapters or SCP.

application data will be delivered between adapters except the required input parameters for the starting services and the execution results of the final services.


CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK Transparent shaping supports reuse of existing programs in new, dynamic environments even though the speci.c characteristics of such new environments were not necessarily anticipated during the original design of the programs.

many existing programs, not designed to be adaptable, are being ported to dynamic wireless environments, or hardened in other ways to support pervasive and autonomic computing.


This resulted in muchlessI/Olatency and signi.cantly shortened total execution time.

the execution time for LPM is 553.7 seconds in total, and only 465 seconds for PC-Burst, including disk power mode transition overhead.


Moreover, the domain component now serves as a reusable unit of functionality that supports the geometric decomposition pattern.

the component accepts as input the subdomain implementation and the domain division and embodies the logic to create and manage the runtime subdomain configuration.


C2, C2 satis.es R, and d(CR(X), C2) <d(CR(X), C1).

if two possible systems exist that CR could return, the system with the least distance from the original system is returned.


B. User-Speci.ed Schedule Construction In addition to extracting the schedule from a given phase of the computation, we present an approach to programming construct steal trees.

the user can specify a mapping of a given continuation to a worker using the designateAfterNextSpawn() call.


Despite ESC/Java s success at .nding real errors, feedback from our users suggests that the tool has not reached the desired level of cost e.ectiveness.

users complain about an annotation burden that is perceived to be heavy, and about excessive warnings about non-bugs, particularly on unannotated or partially-annotated programs.


Java runtime classes and methods are implemented as customized Smalltalk Behavior and Method objects.

java methods are represented as instances of subclasses of the Smalltalk Method class.


Resolution hijacking Although the correct component is resolved, there may still exist a vulnerability that makes hijacking possible.

if the resolution of a component satis.es the following conditions, it may still be possible to hijack the loaded component: 1.


{a} return (P, Reject) Instead of just choosing one state, merging can be done on an operation level.

to start from the initial state and re-execute the operations from the di.erent partitions so that as many operations as possible are accepted.


In our opinion, the importance of how to actually program such systems should not be overlo oked and the proposed approach is valuable with regard to this topic.

the main sub ject of our research has been chain-type modular rob ots.


This means that the access pattern for the data ob jects approximates the true execution relative to each ob ject.

the information provided to an analyst about the weighted ranked order of data (either functions or data structures) is identical if the correlation coe.cient is 1.


In comparison, our approach relies on execution traces of both the system under test and the reference implementation to automatically detect a class of behavioral (and possibly performance) deviations.

our approach automatically hoists observable behaviors in the reference implementation as well-de.ned expected outcomes.


In such a case, the feedback of those users will have bigger impact on others.

those users who had a lot of direct interactions under TNA-SL can be considered to play a similar role to pre-trusted peers under EigenTrust.


The MLF type language distinguishes monomorphic types (monotypes) from polymorphic types (polytypes).

the syntax of monotypes is de.ned as: t ::= g t1 ..tn | a a monotype is either an applied constructor g, or a type variable.


Recent work now challenges this view, seeing metaphors as playing an active role in thought and cognition.

metaphors are now seen as a crucial aspect in the spread and understanding of new ideas and concepts.


Another difference compared to register communicationis that, for memory, the produce and consume instructions must have the proper release and acquire semantics in the memory subsystem.

the produce must ensure that previousmemory-related instructions have committed and, analogously, the consume must commit before successive memory-related instructions execute.


A scheduling strategy de.nes an exploration of trees in a derivation forest.

during execution, a scheduling strategy S(G0 ) returns a frontier of the derivation forest for G0 .


The 0utputStreem class provides methods for writing that are analogous to those of InputStream.

it provides three write methods: one to write a single byte to an output stream, one to write an array of bytes to an output stream, and one to write a subarray of bytes to an output stream.


5.3 Refactoring Linux As a key step in applying the shared-most OS model, we refactor a recent Linux kernel 3.4 into both the main and shadow kernels of K2.

in bringing up Linux on the Cortex-M3 of OMAP4, we adopt code from the linuxpanda project [21].


ON DESIGN OF HYPERHEURISTICS The implementation of heuristics methods represents an interesting context in which software design topics can be studied.

when performance is not as relevant as non-functional requirements that are related to the design, we must obtain adequate results in reasonable execution times, but the design of our solutions must consider modularity, reusability, and extensibility, for example.


Let zl be the largest statement instance satisfying yj < zl < xi and xi does not dynamically post-dominate zl.

x statically post-dominates all the statements in between zl and xi but scd not z.


We make no assumptions about the distribution of errors.


6.2.2 Set The second data structure we tried is sets.


Get evidences of aspectizable code: This step recovers the code that has been identified as aspectizable by the aspect mining phase.

there is a description of OO code attributes, methods, classes, etc.


plication semantics [18 20, 28, 33, 41].

we extended [18] to generate RDL expressions from Hive and MapReduce jobs, and we are currently collaborating with the authors of [33] to port their Giraph-centric solution to Rayon.


As one example, Table 1 shows the results of our inspection of several benchmarks from the NAS suite.

our inspection of the CG and FT benchmarks show that it is extremely dif.cult and impractical to prove that array references are within bounds.


There is no dead-end to reach, as the inheritance tree can be expanded at runtime.

even if the type is already the result of applying the Blocked mixin, it can further evolve; the type can change, e.g., from class Blocked to class Blocked>.


To achieve this goal, we pick decomposition points to be equalities between nodes in the generalized original and transformed PEGs (and not intermediate nodes).


The main idea of our approach involved performing ethnography with its holistic and contextual vision, including some characteristics of action research, such as its collaborative and reflexive approach; used to recommend how to improve the studied practices to the company.

we address: (a) the advantages and challenges associated with working in collaboration with, and having results to offer to, the participating company (b) the insider/outsider dynamic of participant observation; (c) the balance between participant listening and participant observation; (d) the researcher's relationship with the participants; and (e) the rigor in qualitative work that involves the dilemma of the contextualization to be sufficiently broad and detailed.


In contrast, Accelerate is based on a typed tree representation using GADTs and type families in conjunction with type-preserving compilation in most phases.

we use Haskell s type checker to statically ensure many core properties of our Accelerate compiler.


For instance, the Themis structure template mechanism can provide multiple views of a structure via its label and parameter mechanism.

the user of a Themis structure may not care about the speci.c layout of a particular structure; instead, it knows that this structure contains a From Address and it can ask the structure server to provide access to just that portion of the structure and nothing more.


Consequences of the embedded expander (which are analyzed in Sections 3 and 4) include: Fault tolerance: The expansion property is equivalent to the property that a deletion of k nodes may isolate from the primary component at most O(k)nodes.

even if a constant fraction of the nodes are deleted by an adversary, still a constant fraction of the nodes would remain connected in a single component.


In this paper we are interested in studying the problem to reduce both the dynamic and leakage power consumption simultaneously for hard real-time systems running on a variable voltage processor.

we propose a scheduling technique that combines DVS and shut-down to minimize the overall energy consumption.


The hole (which we represent with )isa special internal data structure that acts like Arr or LoopD except that instead of holding the function f and state i, it keeps track of the modifying functions g and j.

if the hole is an Arr form, then we know that we will eventually come to a scenario such as Arr f = Arr (gf ) Name GHC arrowp CCNF Stream Dynamic Counters 1.0 1.66 10.91 12.73 Chained Adder 1.0 1.91 4.06 4.29 Chained Integral 1.0 2.17 13.27 15.40 Figure 10.


To validatethis assumptioninpractice, we run experiments with realistic applications.

we run typical cloud benchmarks underdifferentload volumes, with5 trialsfor each volume.


The basic translation mechanism assumes that the generators are based on lists.

when writing (x <-L) the expression L is assumed to return a list.


The larger it is, the less common the API candidate is and thus the more relevant the API candidate is to the API query.

the relevance of a API candidate T to a API query Q is de.ned as follows.


After we exclude the empty set and the complete set of developers, we obtain 2N - 2 missing data con.gurations.

we exclude the following two cases: 1) Con.rmation bias metrics of all developers are known, and 2)Con.rmation bias metrics of none of the developers are known.


3.5 Synthesis soundness and completeness An important property of Zephyrus is that all its parts have been formalized.

the translation into constraints and the generation of the con.guration, two very complex and important pieces of Zephyrus, have been precisely described and proven correct in [7], where the following results have been shown for Zephyrus: Theorem 1 (Soundness).


(q, o)][t ..] The corresponding reactive rule is simply de.ned as: (p,c, cTer(q)o) ...(.PU , cuTer(q)o , ) 4.5 Informing All the interaction patterns considered above mainly concern the agent receiving and processing knowledge queries.

none of these interaction patterns has any effect on the agent place, as emphasised by the fact that no place updates were speci.ed.


The completeness theorem offers such an answer: ornament-induced promotion predicates are exactly those expressible as relational folds (up to pointwise isomorphism).

a predicate can be baked into a datatype by ornamentation if and only if it can be thought of as a nondeterministic classi.cation of the elements of the datatype with a relational fold.


GF has two rows: all iterators appearing in the non-FVD are represented in the .rst row, and in the second row iterators appearing in the FVD with a coef.cient of 1 are represented.

for the access function matrix F of dimension l×d+ n + 1, GF is constructed as follows.


Formally, the intended authentication goal holds at least until bob s agents collectively have su.cient information to infer that in one session, one of these agents received a replayed nonce for an expectedly fresh Ma.

the corresponding attack launch detectability formula that holds on the IS model I is: A (auth@3({Ma, Mb}) WDbob ¬ auth@1(Ma)) (a) where Dbob is the distributed knowledge modality DG for the group G of agents representing bob and playing the B role in the second level, auth@3({Ma, Mb}) abbreviates the the set {auth@3(ag, {Ma, Mb}) | ag .


We show how we can boost the schema mapping quality when we take query logs into account to address all of the aforementioned issues.

we enrich the schema mapping process as illustrated in Figure 3, where the boldfaced steps are either newly introduced or signi.cantly modi.ed.


That is to say, personal characters can be changed to whom someone wants to become, if he/she makes efforts in order to copy behaviors of whom he/she wants to become.

when a testee pretends to be his/her ideal person in real world, his/her personal character in real is the same as the character of his/her ideal person.


With this motivation, we extend the existing algorithms to test the system during adaptation.

we classify the predicates to be detected during adaptation into two types: (i) adaptation-stable predicates, and (ii) adaptationtransient predicates.


tered the region, assuming it has not yet exited.


Re.nement is based on comparing models according to some notion of what can be observed about them, and it is useful to be able to modify what can be observed at different levels of abstraction.

the interface to a system is usually described abstractly and may need to be made much more concrete at decomposition or implementation levels.


Still, using dataflow it is possible to avoid this barrier Figure 6b.

we partition each row to n partitions, where n is the number of worker threads, and build dependency graph so that each partition from the observation step t is processed by a dedicated task ComputeTask[t][j], where j corresponds to the position of the partition in the row.


// scale core hosting w to fi+1 end if end procedure where N <= n is a constant to further restrict the range of frequencies used for the runtime.

a CPU may support n frequencies, but a runtime may only choose to use the highest N-number.


The hygiene algorithm in Scheme allows de.nitions and uses of macros to be freely mixed in a given lexical scope.

a macro can be used in an internal de.nition before its de.nition: ( d e f i n e ( f o o ) ( d e f i n e y ( i d 1 0 0 ) ) ( d e f i n e -s y n t a x -r u l e ( i d x ) x ) ( + y y ) ) ; ; e x p a n d s t o : ; ; ( d e f i n e ( f o o ) ; ; ( d e f i n e y 1 0 0 ) ; ; ( + y y ) ) In order to support mixing use and de.nition, the Scheme expander must make multiple passes through a scope.


SplitFetch Translates to an even lower level version of Grin, in which the node referred to by a pointer is not fetched as a whole, but .eld by .eld.

the FetchNode expression is replaced by a series of FetchField expressions.


Multiple Concerns in Aspect-Oriented Language Design: A Language Engineering Approach to Balancing Bene.ts, with Examples Gary T. Leavens Curtis Clifton Department of Computer Science, Computer Science and Software Engineering, Iowa State University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, 229 Atanasoff Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA 5500 Wabash Ave, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA leavens@cs.iastate.edu clifton@rose-hulman.edu Abstract Some in the aspect-oriented community view a programming language as aspect-oriented only if it allows programmers to perfectly eliminate scattering and tangling.

languages that do not allow programmers to have maximal quanti.cation and perfect obliviousness are not viewed as aspect-oriented.


The second limitation regards inconsistencies inherently caused by the object replication methodology.

when executing the game loop it may happen that a think function (e.g.


For example, this enables variability models for subsystems to be composed into one systemlevel model.


More precisely, the total error when computing the condition is 2e - 15, as computed by our tool.

.oating-point values that satisfy a < b + 2e - 15 may take the else branch, even though the corresponding real values would follow the then branch, and similarly in the opposite direction.


We calculate combined-hybrid heap compression by applying multiple models in sequence.

we .rst .nd maxFieldSavings(C) for each class C. each .eld is optimized with the best optimization in FieldOpts for that .eld.


Note also that such predicates need not be equivalence relations on pairs of states.

the approximate equality used above is not an equivalence relation.


However, though OBS is a really nice service, its functionality is limited to package creation and it lacks some features vital for developers.

oBS provides almost no means to support the development process itself it is expected that developers simply upload source code archives and then build their products.


Usually, in a transformation language reading the target model is not safe (or even is not permitted), since the internal scheduling mechanism of the language cannot ensure that the target elements are available when they are going to be read.

this is true when there exist circular dependences between the target elements.


If two or more colors have been assigned to an element, it primarily shows that color which has been applied last.

the visualization block with the highest topological order provides the main color for a node.


We observe signi.cant similarity in data across MPI tasks although the similarity is dynamic in nature.

the amount of readonly or write once data is a small fraction of the identical data.


2.4 Thread API The .le registration API presented in the previous section is used to implement more convenient functions used by Haskell threads.

the GHC IO manager provides the following two Haskell functions: threadWaitRead , threadWaitWrite :: Fd .


We evaluate this simulation output oriented architecture.

we focus against actual performance data.


A surprising omis- sion is the graphical modeling of events and their ordering within a sequential process.

even though gCSP can cleanly show sequential processes P and Q in parallel P l] Q, it cannot show the events that make up sequential process P (or Q).


A .nal set of input constants relate to the power consumption of the different components.

mercury needs the idle and maximum power consumptions of every component of interest.


This design can control resource usage more precisely than, say, using kernel threads.

we run a lottery scheduler [34] for disk-request queue management to ensure that potentially bursty state-synchronization traf.c uses only a fraction (5%) of the disk throughput.


Jamiie has to exploore the exampple ccode in more d etail to separatte relevant piecces of code fro m irrrelevant piecees.

shhe has to identtify which funnctiions, variables, and imports oof JavaScript aand CSS files aare nnecessary to mmake her code wwork the samee way as the exxaample.


In addition, we aim at the elimination of all backward coercions from polymorphic types to ML-types.

our goal is not to guess polymorphic types.


In addition, there are not enough operators.

we .nd the need for an abstract initialization operator and its associated laws.


Since TCG does not contain {(u, u)} tuples and G is a DAG, each tuple of TCG w TCG is formed by more than one arc.

the set of redundant arcs of TCG is RedA(G) = TCG w TCG.


Nonetheless compliance requirements not only introduce new but also depict orthogonal concerns to these: although usually related to process-driven SOA elements, they are often pervasive throughout the SOA and express independent concerns.

compliance requirements can be formulated independently until applied to a SOA.


4.4 Application to typical WSDL service descriptions The proposed conversational model could be applied to current Web Services with limited e.ort, if they already offer a WSDL service speci.cation.

the service descriptions could be extended to specify the conversation .ow, at a limited level of detail, by adding the WSFL-like .ow speci.cation.


It is important to note that the round abstraction does not provide nodes with additional timing information.

we neither require nodes to be equipped with synchronized clocks nor assume that nodes can access the current round number.


For the Synergia2 project, we have adopted an operational interest in collectiveeffects.We are interestedin those collective ef 1WhileFortran 9X allows lower bounds in each array dimension to start atanyintegervalue,manyloopsinFortran applicationsare hard-codedto begin iterating at 1. fects that can be modeled by applying a momentum kick to the particles.

synergia2 is concerned with the space-charge collective effect.


To overcome these limits, UML pro.les [27] can be used: these are UML extensions for building UML models related to speci.c domains.

sPEM is a UML pro.le which extends UML expressiveness towards the modelling of software development processes.


if some operation from group A depends on an operation from group B, no operation from group B can depend on an operation from group A.

the DFG of the SIMD operations is a directed acyclic graph, DAG.


Given a database application and the schema de.ning its database back-end, our approach produces a parameterized mock database that complies with the schema and, at the same time, captures the behavior of the database back-end.

such a mock database replicates the effect of operations over an actual database by performing the same operations on itself, so that the state of the  Figure 1: Architectural Overview of MODA actual database is faithfully mirrored and only feasible values are returned for database queries.


when a task is scheduled part is an upper bound on the energy consumption of task execution after blocked, the subtask of the blocking task should complete its and the frequency switching to their corresponding base frequency execution on the corresponding co-processor.


Mobile computing hardware is approaching a similar priceperformance moment in which powerful, low-cost commodity devices will enable a new generation of participatorysensing applications [8].

commodity mobile phones with a variety of sensors (cameras, GPS, accelerometers, healthmonitors) are already widely deployed and becoming more ubiquitous each year.


Although this seems to be an interesting result, when we examine the results from the consulting and telecommunications industries, the findings were not necessarily consistent with the financial services industry.

in both the consulting and telecommunications industries, although 50% of the failed projects changed their project manager, for successful projects, this was only 57% and 63% respectively.


Regions with pure capabilities cannot appear more than once in a function s input or output e.ect.

region aliasing is only allowed with impure capabilities.


In this context, standardization organisms, such as the In ternet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and IPSO Alliance, have been working on standard and interoperable commu nication mechanisms, in order to interconnect these devices.

the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) [7] has been identi.ed as the main candidate, and several working groups have been set in order to address the issues related to IoT devices communication.


The solution to this problem we propose here is to offer the programmer a restricted language, powerful enough to write complex iterators and simple enough to type them precisely.

a language of non .rst-class operators which are not typed (or are just lightly typed) at their de.nition but, rather, are very precisely typed at the places of their application.


In the second step, our lazy XML parser constructs a pruned XML tree by using the constructed TCG.

in the first step, we collect all paths appearing in the TCG.


We also observe however that, even with a 64KB data cache per processor, the average speedups with the nest based, global (.rst nest), global (ordered) and our approach are 4.41, 5.07, 5.44 and 6.29, respectively.

our approach still generates the best results among all the versions tested.


Conventional macros use flat scoping all parameters are global they can be set and reset by all others Frames parameters, on the other hand, are local to the frame that first sets their values This means they can be set and reset only within the defining frame; descendent frames can only read them when a defining frame exist, all its parameters become undefined Conventional macros have a daisy-chaining parameter passing convention.

if macro X invokes Y and Y invokes Z, parameters passed from X to Z, must either pass through Y or must be global forces macro Y to be more context sensitive... if frames X, Y and Z invoke each other as above, X parameterizes Z without involving frame Y macros find it hard to modify the bodies of other macros... frames can, if necessary, directly rework remove or replace any parts of a frame that don t fit the local context."


Second, we defined an analysis on individual feature implementations to discard variations resulting from noisy feature implementation vectors that do not appear to reliably associate a feature to its implementation.

we define a noisy implementation vector as one whose components are all more or less equally relevant, such that no component is significantly more important than any other.


While the runtime semantics of the .NET virtual machine ensures that memory safety is maintained, many other errors can occur.

your code is only as safe as the code that implements your type providers.


However, the evaluation of these systems has been somewhat limited.

no comparison of their tradeo.s and relative performance is available.


CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK In this paper, we have attempted to describe briefly early steps towards a PhD program of study aiming to revisit model-based UI engineering from a perspective which takes account of current and emerging trends in user interface software and technologies.

our intention has been to raise the issue of managing creative UI designs and how they can be accommodated in the model-based tradition of UI engineering.


Cavnar and Trenkle maintain that Zipf's law is true not only for entire languages but for words that are specific to a particular topic [10].

conversations about topics in algebra would have a different collection of common words than conversations about topics in geometry.


The input type of transformPerson is a supertype of the type of input to which a user wants to apply the function.

since the application of transformPerson to the type of input uses subtyping, the application is only valid with subtyping in the sense of type correctness.


As such, aspects may lead to subtle differences in the sequence of messages that can be accepted by the base class objects.

aspect-specific faults likely result in unexpected object states and transitions To reveal aspect-specific faults, we are motivated to investigate model-based testing, i.e.


They do not address how the I/O can be synchronized with the common clock.

even under the assumption of a perfect clock on each platform, there is still a mechanism required to link the time clock to the data in I/O channels.


The system rollout, theretbrc, was always this complex balancing act that included the maintenance of both these local university networks as well as wider relationships to the supplier and other adopting universities.

it is not simply a matter of fit between the universi.ty and the system but also of how the university_ relates to others (i.e.. its fit within the sector_ or to the standard).


There are other entities that also implement the speech contract.

concurrent actors are a variation on the basic actor that performs its actions on a separately executing task; see Section 4.12.


Code to control the pump reacts to multiple user requests or failure conditions.

1) a patient can request a bolus during the ongoing infusion as re.ected by the E-RequestBolus event; 2) the caregiver can pause a current infusion by pressing a pause button that triggers event E-PauseInfusion; 3) an empty-reservoir condition (condition Cond-6-3 ) occurs if the remaining volume of the drug reservoir is less than a prespeci.ed threshold; and 4) the condition Level-Two-Alarm should be processed if a hardware failure such as the drug reservoir door is open or an occlusion is detected.


Global consistency of AA is checked at the heads of these spans.

for each span S in M we perform the following procedure.


vis :: Noun vis = (hostisParadigm "vis") missing [ NounForm Singular c|c<-[Vocative, Genitive, Dative] ] An often occurring exception is additional variants, expressed with the function variants.

that a word is in a particular paradigm, but have more than one variant in one or more forms.


The goal of this paper is to minimize the effects of this drawback, thus allowing the strengths of SATB marking to show through.

we introduce two static analyses, based on abstract interpretation, that together prove that a signi.cant fraction of object reference writes require no SATB-related write barriers.


Strongly Non-Commutative Method If it is the case that method m2 is the same as method m1, then the de.nition instantiates to non-idempotent methods.

given base, if we apply m1 twice in a row, the second invocation will return a different result than the .rst.


We claim that a type explanation must be compositional to be comprehensible.

the whole explanation must have a tree structure where the types at each node are determined uniquely by the types of the node s children.


The goal of a reinforcement learning algorithm is to learn a policy a mapping from states to actions.

for a given agent, a policy concretely answers the question given the state the agent is in, what should it do?


For any connected and non-bipartite social network, the probability that a length-w random walk starting from a uniformly random honest node will ever traverse any of the g attack edges is upper bounded by gw/n.

when vv w = T(nlogn) and g = o(n/logn), this probability is o(1).


Then, consider the set of terms given by t ::= c | x | .x.

t1 | t1 t2 | let x = t1 in t2 |.. terms are built from constants, variables, lambdaabstractions,function applications,(nonrecursive)localdefinitions, and the special constant .


The state-of-the-art OT and CRDT work still lacks the basic functionality found in single-user text editors.

there is no published work that supports both string-wise operations and selective undo.


In choosing a VM to move and a destination for that VM, we use the same algorithm as for initial placement.


This is similar to moving load-store pairs closer to the start of each iteration, but instead we are making algorithm changes to move non-violating work closer to the end of each iteration.

we are moving these four functions from before to after the heap update, which repeatedly dereferences dynamically determined pointers.


two distinct rectangles R i and R j such that R i .


Language implementors must also respect the fact that . nalizers naturallyconstitute a separate asynchronous thread of control.22 This applies to any.nalizers on heap objects, whenever these become inaccessible at a point that is not completelyapparent to the programmer.

. nalizers should never be run implicitlyas part of a client thread which maybe holding other locks.


5.3 Model Code Correspondence We de.ne model -code correspondence as the degree of similarity between models and the implementation code.

we focus on the similarity between the static structure in UML models and the static structure in the source code.


The SGP2 design aims to preserve the user experience of SGP, specifically the high-level skeleton API.

to the CAS user SGP2 will look like SGP, apart from a few new skeleton parameters for tuning locality control and/or fault tolerance.


Despite the increasing popularity, Internet video streaming to mobile devices is still challenging for a number of reasons.

there has been a format and resolution gap between Internet videos and mobile devices.


For clarity reasons, processors are called simulators in the asynchronous shared memory model.

we consider a set of k+1 simulators {sim0,...,simk}.


Similarity, the normalized makespan of MFL-PCP was close to one.

the makespan of MFL-PCP was almost equal to that of FL-PCP without co-processors.


C is constrained by at most two non-con.icting cardinality constraints in F, one lower bound (=) and one upper bound (=).

a dimension instance d =(D, m, <) satis.es the model D, written d |= D, i. it satis.es every constraint in F. d |= f for all f .


In this work we present an approach to address all the requirements to validate a component in a distributed system that uses asynchronous message passing.

our approach focuses on the popular publish/subscribe paradigm that further decouples senders and receivers, making them unaware of the overall system topology.


And while we aim to have operator membership in system be open to arbitrary operators world-wide, we must rely in part on a reputation system to ensure that operators do not over-promise and underdeliver resources.

the barriers to entry to the system (registration, due diligence, credit analysis) must be high enough to discourage small spurious providers, but low enough to ensure wide accessibility.


However, we do not know the exact correlation.

to reduce the search space for w, we suggest to use the history parameters a and ß to restrict the search to a range around p. la · pJ= w =lß · pJ, where 0  1.


Two recent simulation-based studies have suggested an alternative solution in which ISPs and P2P users cooperate to reduce cross-ISP traf.c.

if a P2P client biases its connections to peers in the same ISP, the peer could receive near-optimal performance while signi.cantly reducing the number of times the same data item enters the ISP [3, 8].


During the experiment, the multilingual groups were involved in a Planning Game activity, a requirements prioritization technique used in agile development.


In some cases, traditional interviews may be difficult to conduct and lead to the researcher not fully understanding the problem space.

there are a number of limitations that have been found when working with children.


During our propagation algorithm we only consider the top P% of arcs with the highest scores, for some percentage P. Our dynamically updated scoring heuristic is based on collecting the history of an arc with respect to pruning.

if an arc yielded successful pruning, its score is increased.


As a second contribution, we present and demonstrate a new approach for propagating patches from generated SPL programs to SPL transformations.

after the developersteppedthrough andpatched thegeneratedprogram,a propagation toolidenti.esandpropagatesthepatches tothe SPLtransformations.


One aspect of VIREOS that is di.erent from many educational operating systems projects is the potential for integration with other computer science courses.

the machine that VIREOS runs on top of, Larc [5], was designed speci.cally for an introductory computer architecture class (sometimes called computer organization).


Ob; and c Oa I Ob is equivalent to Oa I Ob.

the causal-dependency/-independency relation is a special case of the context-dependency/-independency relation.


We show that the contribution of common, generic optimizations to processor performance and energy efficiency may be more than doubled by creating a more intimate correlation between hardware specifics and the optimizer.

dynamic optimizations can profit greatly from hardware supporting fused and SIMDified operations.


As the agents coordinate their recon.guration behavior indirectly through the environment, there is no centralized control structure or other single point of failure.

the fault-tolerant behavior is emergent, i.e., not inherent in the isolated agents (see [13]).


In partic- ular, we distinguish the following three types of connections from clock to co-processor: 1. authentic and reliable connection (clocked co-processor) --clock pulses and only clock pulses are received by the co- processor; 2. reliable but not authentic connection --clock pulses are re- ceived, but some may be from the adversary; 3. no connection (stand-alone co-processor) --the adversary controls the clock signal for the co-processor.

to formally capture the possibilities of these different models, we introduce a more general notion for proactive secure networks in terms of an allowed inaccuracy A E N. such a network only provides secure communication to every pair of non- corrupted servers during their local phase ~- if both servers are hon- est throughout their local phases IT--A, T+A].


N2B wrappers (as well as pre.xed native methods) preserve the original method signature, whereas ESI methods receive N extra arguments.

conceptually we are overloading all methods, including also method declarations in interfaces.


However, unlike pro.le-cast, where the aim is to reach nodes matching a certain target pro.le, for recruitment it is enough to reach the nodes that match only a part of the target pro.le.

if the sensing area is large and consists of multiple locations, nodes that visit only few of the sensing locations should also be recruited.


The analysis of the product value requires a better understanding of interdependencies among various artifacts of the software development lifecycle, particularly, requires to get a better understanding of how the value chain is preserved from problem space to the solution space.Thus, the speci.c research question introduced in this position statement is about how to preserve the values from the prioritized requirements to the product architecture with the aim of supporting the analysis of the product value.

we propose the use of traceability to preserve the value chain.


The situation on the 20,000 Hz system is essentially the same, except that the time scale is much much shorter the latency is almost always less than a millisecond, as expected.

the high clock interrupt rate and rapid context switching allow the system to deliver timer signals in a timely manner, despite having to cycle through all competing processes.


7.1 Functionality We used small-scale unit tests as well as utility applications on Linux to verify functional correctness of our techniques.

we marked inputs to these utilities as tainted and veri.ed that the outputs were tainted in the manner that we expect.


The rithm, but has a more relaxed assumption on the statistical model of the transfer costs.

oSSL assumes that Xt are independent over time.


ADDING BULLET TIME TO THE DELAYS The idea of bullet time e.ect is that the player using bullet time has more time to react to the events of the surrounding game world.

the delay between the bullettimed player and the other players increases.


We de.ne a class of stream .lters programs that process streams of data items for which Sigma* converges to a complete model if abstraction re.nement eventually builds up a suf.ciently strong abstraction.

sigma* is complete relative to abstraction.


Next, these operations are symbolically executed to compute approximate schemas of the data that would be output by these components.

given the schema of the input data, Viola reengineers the approximate schema of the data that would be output by some component from its source code.


However, the introduction of these assignments is often unnecessary and it makes the veri.cation by the Hoare calculus more dif.cult.

these assignments complicate the required invariants that the user must provide during the veri.cation.


Consider the surface term (false OR false OR true).

given the revised de.nition of Or, unexpansion would yield the following lifted evaluation steps: false OR false OR true + true it correctly suppresses any presentation of the recursive invocation of Or introduced by the transformation precisely what Abstraction demands!


6.3 Trace-vs. Method-based Dynamically Typed Language JIT Compilers While PyPy is the best performing Python JIT compiler, there is no clear evidence to prove that trace-based compilation is more effective for dynamically typed languages than method-based compilation.

in the domain of JavaScript, where the competition for performance is quite .erce, all of the major leading commercial JIT compilers are method-based.


In particular, it enables designers introduce or review classes that are still under consideration without shifting away the focus of attention from the main design (see Figure 4 top extension wall concept).

such extra planes are a short of visual board where initial design may be placed.


The holistic view of data and pro cesses together promises to avoid the notorious discrepancy between data modeling and process modeling of more traditional approaches that consider these two aspects separately [9].

this separation precludes the development of data-aware automatic tools for formal veri.cation, i.e., static analysis and run-time monitoring.


The subscript next to each tree node label represents the path to that particular subtree.

eitherE sC E = Either (a,b,c) Bool sC 2= Bool sC 1= (a,b,c) sC 1, 1= a sC 1, 3= c We are now ready to de.ne pointwise uni.ers.


the speci.cation, documentation, maintenance, and veri.cation/validation of high-quality software systems in a systematic way.

modeling approaches for specifying the operational behavior of a software system are often based on state-transition diagrams such as UML state machines [18].


In Retwis, this scenario may result in different timelines for different users.

the social network data used in the benchmarks contained 100,000 users, and the connections were generated using a Zipf distribution with a size of 20 and a skew of 1, shifted by one.8 each user followed at least one other user, 50% of users followed up to four other users, and 95% of users followed up to 17 other users.


4.4 Feeding and Using the System At this point, we have presented the entities of the core model describing the system aimed at supporting the method.

without more specification this model is naked , it describes a system ready to acquire any knowledge, but currently empty of knowledge.


However, we strongly believe that even if avoiding a pragmatic view on the results presented in previous sections, we can already make use of all variables allocated to the context of the RE dimension while explicitly opting for those for which the measurements is inherently subjective.

the results increase the awareness of those variables that demand for expert judgement, thus, allowing us to calibrate the experimental setting, e.g., via survey research.


Unlike regular ML functions which are instantaneous, a process can last several instants.

levelorder awaits the next instant by using the pause operator and then 1The compiler, the extended version of the paper [13] and the examples mentioned in the paper are available at: http://reactiveml.org/ppdp13 2http://www.reactiveml.org recursively calls itself on the left and right children in parallel.


This paper compares several methods of analogy-based effort estimation.

it investigates the use of adaptation rules as a contributing factor to better estimation accuracy.


This pattern leverages a knowledge repository that associates speci.c monitoring scenarios with series of recon.guration instructions.

incoming monitoring events are matched against conditionals statements.


Akin to typical build processes, the depicted script defines global variables (e.g., based on target) and loads global properties from an external file.

it defines individual production rules such as clean for repeated instantiation, createGenericInstance (depending on clean) for handling a (rather simple) product line composition and createCocktailArtifacts to instantiate specific artifacts using VTL.


By declaring their love for a particular concept,theyde.neaclassof problems, whichtheyare tunedto solve.

all existing programming paradigms have a bias toward domains where the paradigm concepts dominate.


Another limitation of JThreadSpy is related to the noninstrumentation of core Java classes that complicates program analysis.

it would be useful to identify and visualize the semantics of synchronization constructs (for example, those defined in the package java.util.concurrent.lock).


Smith and Cartwright identi.ed problems speci.c to typeargument inference in Java and proposed an extension to the type system with corresponding algorithms [18].

java wildcards do not admit joins, so Smith and Cartwright proposed adding union types to Java s type system, though these introduce complications elsewhere in the type system [20].


In the future we plan to evaluate providing other forms of reliability in software as well.

we are interested in looking at performing CRC checks within the host software stack to avoid errors that may occur in I/O bus transactions.


Let b be the block num- ber function for array A0, b(k) = l.~r.//T./ _L AD~ J + 1, where k is an integer number in the range [l:ADim] and T is the total number of cooperating threads in the system.

block of number r is owned by thread r. Given itera- tion i of the reduction loop, we define B,~i,~ (B,~a=) as the minimum (maximum) number of all blocks written in such iteration, Bmln(i) = min{b(fl(i)), b(f2(i)), ...}, Bma=(i) = max{b(fl(i)), b(f2(i)), ...}.


We would like to be able to write fact = begindef dup push 0 eq if_ pop push 1 then_ dup push 1 sub fact mul else_ enddef but this fails to typecheck.

it fails the occurs check because it needs polymorphic recursion the inner fact is called with one more integer on the stack than the outer fact.


One problem we encountered with Z was the di.culty of modeling concurrency.

xenon (like its parent Xen) is highly concurrent and uses several kinds of locks, some of them nested, as well as polling.


Context-oriented programming (COP) is a promising programming paradigm to permit and improve the maintainability, robustness and reusability of systems that must .t in these highly dynamic environments [9].

cOP supports the expression of dynamic variations at language level that might be conceptually orthogonal to each other.


sv3D builds on the success of SeeSoft and Bee/Hive, while trying to address some of the inherent limitations of the medium and representation.

sv3D supports object-level manipulations that differs from Bee/Hive and SeeSoft, which support only manipulation of the entire space.


Foremost, the system must produce accurate predictions that match reality.

the operator mentioned that prediction errors must be within a few Singapore dollars (2 S$ at most) and a few minutes (5 minutes at most) of real values.


The rest proof is very similar to Case 1.

we can show that with a probability at least 1 - o(n -3), dp/4 < At(v) < 2dp.


To complement and extend our goal, we are additionally interested in the users views and their evaluation.

we aim to assess how users subjectively rate the difficulty of the different types of models involved in orthogonal variability modeling and how they rate their preferences concerning the modeling language (CVL and OVM).


The subtyping relation, to be given below, follows that of Leroy s applicative functor calculus.

for two manifest type speci.cations type t : t1 and type t : t2 to be in subtyping relations, t1 and t2 must be equivalent.


Our work seeks to advance a key issue for research in science education: identifying misconceptions that interfere with the learning process.

our objective is to study concept comprehension in an Operating Systems course and the causes for difficulties that prevent students from adequately learning this subject in an online learning environment.


The second focus, testing component assemblies, breaks open a system, leveraging knowledge of its architecture structural.

we view a componentbased system as an assembly of individual components and then hierarchically test its dependent sub-assemblies up to andincludingthe entire component-based system undertest.


The reproduction rights not only depend on the credit (and credentials) of the user, but also on the nature of the document.

the reproduction of color documents is prohibited for standard users, because on the one hand printing color is expensive, and on the other hand such a document may contain seals or stamps which authenticate the original document.


While JavaScript allows for arbitrary computation, it does so in a restricted environment, quarantined from the operating system and from the computer s resources.

javaScript does not allow .lesystem access and greatly restricts network access.


Nevertheless, relating a FST value to the percent faults found does not require an exact science.

today, managers make decisions about software quality using best guesses; it seems like this will always be the case and the best that researchers can do is to recognize this fact and do what they can to improve the guessing process [8].


In object-oriented programming, defining roles are often realized by subclassing an abstract superclass to achieve different but related behaviors; superimposed roles are often interfaces that define behavior and responsibilities.4 5.3.1 Roles and crosscutting Superimposed roles lead to three different kinds of crosscutting among patterns and participants: Roles can crosscut participant classes.

for 1 role, there can be n classes, and 1 class can have n roles; i.e.


It is important to note that the model monitoring approach and model checking have their own advantages, and should be used complementarily.

invariable safety requirements should be ensured through model checking, while changeful ones should be implemented through the model monitoring approach.


Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.4 [Software Engineering]:Software/ProgramVeri.cation; D.1.3[Programming Techniques]:Concurrent Programming General Terms Algorithm,Design,Veri.cation Keywords bug, pattern, detector, .xer, concurrency, parallelism, static analysis,program analysis 1.

introduction Multi-cores have encouraged more programmers to write concurrent software.But, writing concurrent softwareisdif.cult and similarbugskeep showing upin concurrentprograms.Cataloging common bug patterns in concurrent programs is an active research domain, and theSEICERT catalog[3]is a recentand comprehensive catalog of concurrency bugpatternsinJava.The existence of abug patterndoes notnecessarilyimply abug.somebug patterns are considered as bad practices that might lead to future bugs as the software evolves.


4) Role determination: defining the entities role based on the specified testing scenario.

the entity that initializes the execution of the testing suite, as this is described in the testing scenario, will take the first place in the sequence of communication.


This merged workflow is probably not valid, and transfers to the second user all the responsibilities related to manually checking and fixing the merge.

there is no guidance to find individual conflicting changes.


Going even further, the hazard may be eliminated also in larger scale, in best case throughout the whole supply chain.

hazard is not only eliminated on the site considered, but for next usage sites of the considered product, device or system.


Under the work.ow, the only time spent not computing is spent waiting in the queue time on the cluster.

our job production becomes limited only by the instantaneous compute resources available on TACC Ranger.


Therefore, we just used 3 out of 4 cores on each node to do real computations.

tBLAS  1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 5121024 Number of cores programs used 25% less compute cores than ScaLAPACK.


Every relation with an evolvable key column is also a monotonicity-preserving function.

if k and k' are values of a key column and k î k', (and all other key columns are identical), then for each non-key column, if v (respectively v') is that column s value in the row with key k (respectively k'), then v î v'.


(1) Write miss = (2) Region data (exclusive) (3) Read or write miss Home ,=   4.2 RuntimeOptimizations: Adaptive Lazy Flushing The coherence protocol described in Section 3.3 invalidates and possibly flushes all data in a thread's working memory at each synchronization point.

the protocol exactly follows the specification of Java's memory model, which po- tentially leads to much interprocessor communication.


To ensure that CIM represents a commutative measure we de.ne the overall call-based cohesion between the method mi and mj as follows: CIM(mi,mj )= CIM(mj ,mi)= max {CIMi.j ,CIMj.i} In addition to the structural information, we also exploit the semantic information from the source code to compute the degree to which two methods contribute to the cohesion of a class.

we use the Conceptual Similarity between Methods (CSM) introduced by Marcus et al.


3.2.1 Abstraction of data formats The objective of abstraction in programming is to separate behavior from implementation.

the main objective of abstraction is to separate what an abstraction is from how it is implemented so that implementations of the same abstraction can be substituted freely.


Currently, there are plentiful research and practice on the adaptability.

adaptable or reflective middleware provides powerful and practical mechanisms for monitoring and changing runtime systems.


Be open to learning what you can from every experiment and be flexible about adjusting your ideas.


Later, Logic-based interpretations of feature diagrams have been studied as means of getting rid of this problem [3].

we employ a formalization with propositional logic since it can reduce some important analysis problems to satis.ability checks of propositional logic formulas [4] or model .nding [9].


With that context, the analysis will infer that the three branch conditions will de.nitely evaluate to false, false, and true, respectively.

the analysis automatically prunes branches that are infeasible in the speci.c contexts, thereby eliminating a considerable source of spurious data.ow.


For 4000 Eclipse-JDT, both the number of client classes and the num cnidevome ber of lines added or removed signi.cantly varied for di.er r Li f d/eddaseno # 2000 ent patterns (p-value<2.2·10-16).

it was found 0 d site y er pe n gy late n aorator ctorervletop that Visitor had a signi.cantly higher number of classes and om cm m mp eFabsPrototySing State-Strateelines co-changed than other patterns (p-value<2.2·10-16).


However, our formalism does not have any provision to ensure that the heap is properly updated, etc.

we are assuming that there is an operational system running alongside that keeps track of the heap and gives us the states of all the objects whenever we need them.


As an illustration to the issues that must be mastered even when writing combinator parsers in Haskell, consider the following example: p = return (1:) $$ p What this de.nition actually says is in order to parse a p, parse a p, and then prepend 1 to the result .

p is a parser that will always diverge, but we accept this behavior even in Haskell because a top-down parser implementing a left-recursive grammar is not expected to work anyway.


The di.culty of recovering links is directly related to how Figure 5: Spectrum of features and traceability features are implemented.

there are three main situations to consider when recovering a particular feature, as shown in the spectrum in Fig.


The proposed compiler-based approach achieves its goal by determining the routes of the communication messages at compile time in such a fashion that link reuse between messages is maximized without signi.cantly affecting network performance.

the approach limits link usage, at a given time, to a small set of links, and the remaining links shut down to save power.


However, if one were to pick a particular analyzer, certain values seem to be a better choice for a speci.c trailing window policy.

if the Threshold analyzer is chosen, a threshold value of 0.6 wins in three out of four of the MPL values for the Constant TW policy, whereas the threshold value of 0.8 wins in three out of four of the MPL values for the Adaptive TW policy.


We claim that Xen s current VM scheduler does apply the SRTF principle, but it is applied inadequately.

there exists a mechanism in the scheduler to allow latency-sensitive VMs to preempt the CPU-bound VMs that mostly use 100% of their allocated CPU time, but it leaves a chance for the VMs that use less CPU time (e.g., 90%) to delay the interrupt handling of their latency-bound neighbors.


A recent IDC report estimates that the amount of data in the world is increasing tenfold every .ve years [10].

data growth is outpacing the current growth rate of transistor density.


Moreover, it is very interesting to note that, given multiple link-disjoint paths are used, MP-TCP seems to relax the necessity of an intelligent in-network load-balancing.

as long as we deploy per-.ow multipath forwarding, even the randomized path selection approaches that worked poorly without MP-TCP achieve very reasonable results.


Compositional/Non-compositional checking: Most VCGen approaches including the one used by the Spark tools requires contract checking to proceed compositionally.

when the implementation of a procedure P calls another procedure Q, the analysis of P does not examine Q s implementation but instead only examines Q s contract, which in essence, provides a summary of Q s behavior.


To reason about changes between program versions, we can therefore analyze their semantic signatures.

we demonstrate the applications of our path partitioning in debugging of software regressions.


If we only trustdifferences above3%,page coloringis thebest choicefor non-Csibebenchmarks(highestpercentage,85%, of caseswhenit wasranked.rst),but notforCsibeones.

faultkernelstrategywasoutperformedin29%ofexperiments.in 29% of experiments, the default kernel strategy had higher non-determinismthansomeotherstrategy.


Tasks which in.uence more members of the team (not only the current developers, but also the later developers) appear to be more valued by the team and are more likely to have a wide and longterm impact.

the team bene.ts from the maintainability of the code, but that requires extra e.ort, and it bene.ts from the mentoring of the experienced developers, but that reduces mentors performance.


, that do not change their output if the correct nodes inputs do not change.

the target should be a system that is oblivious to changes in Byzantine nodes input values (as long as the other nodes have stable input values).


This .gure is somewhat misleading since features of lowering are incorporated in mesh precomputation.

divInspector in Figure 8 stores identi.ers rather than pointers to mesh elements, so that divExecutor uses these identi.ers to perform the same integer-based .eld indexing achieved by lowering.


By writing operations as instances of speci.c recursion patterns such as catamorphisms and anamorphisms, we then obtain data structures that can be used in various ways.

they can be used both in memory and on disk.


The results of the experiments are shown in Figure 4 (right) and revealed that as the number of observers increased from 8 to 16 to 32, the replicated architecture response time increased by a total of 197.3-163.7=33.6ms (1.4ms 2 Steps 2 and 3 (save slide to file and import saved file into presentation) were necessary because of the API exposed by the J-Integra tool we used to connect our Java-based framework and COM-based PowerPoint.

we were not able to import a received slide directly into an ongoing presentation.


Exploiting Structure for Composition The key insight used in this paper is that by exposing the underlying structure of an abstract domain and transformers we can express the domain as an aggregate of simpler domains, for which it is feasible to compute the composition of transformers.

the composition of transformers for the aggregate domain can be broken into smaller composition problems of micro-transformers that apply to the sub-domains, and so on.


3.4 Static Checking The goal of static checking is simply to find software bugs rather than to prove that one does not exist [3].


On the other hand, devices embedded in the premises of reputable and accountable entities are likely to be professionally administered and harder to compromise than a mobile personal device.

the pattern in Figure 5 by no means should be outright dismissed as worse than the one in Figure 4.


To examine a graph, it must be laid out in two or three dimensions for viewing.

xyz locations for each vertex must be chosen.


Lazy heaps are de.ned as follows L ::= H|H : R(L) .

a lazy heap is either a heap H or a partially recon.gured heap of the form Hn : Rn(Hn-1 : Rn-1(···H1 : R1(H0) ··· )), for some n = 1, where Hn is the part of heap that has been recon.gured by Rn,..., R1 and that may have been subsequently modi.ed by the execution of non-recon.guration operations.


Under such obligations, the online store must minimize the risk of non-ful.llment.

the online store must take precautionary measures to prevent SLA violations due to a third party (i.e., the wholesaler) not delivering on time.


The authors of [30] study the role of Altruism in BAR protocols.

it is proved that, during the last interaction of a .nitely repeated game, the pestering technique used in [23] is not su.cient to convince a Rational process to contribute, unless a certain fraction of the processes is expected to be Altruistic.


However, while locks provide good performance, they are notoriously dif.cult to use.

program modules written using locks are dif.cult to compose elegantly and correctly [12].


The language representations and their interpretations should be independent.

it should be possible to add new interpretations without having to change the language representation.


m maxin(p, m) = max (19) RCSin(p) 0 otherwise where s =(b1,... ,bk) is the set m is mapped to.

we seek the maximum of all ages in the cache sets where m is mapped.


After modifying, the seven bits will satisfy the rule of Even Parity.

the 3-bit secret data can be obtained by performing XOR calculation on the four-bit stego data.


In a stakeholder s work, s/he mainly engages three kinds of activities, including communicating with others, resolving conflicts and submitting modeling operations.

when s/he submits a modeling operation, the operation will be sent to the central EFM immediately.


Using a permutation as the routing table further guarantees that the random routes are back-traceable.

it is impossible for two routes to enter the same node along different edges but exit along the same direction.


The third question is part of future work.

the static analysis and the coverage for the dynamic analysis will be varied.


The value for these fields is specified in the actual guarantee term in an SLA as we show later.

an SLA specifies the value of the fields for which the attribute forInstantiation is true in the event type description.


After all, in FBDE the goal is to transfer an operation to an operation or a set of operations.

a source operation is emulated by one or more target operations.


This is a critical RTS limitation in Eclipse it restricts the developer to select to run only one node of hierarchy (in the limit this node represents the entire project such that the entire test suite for that project is run).

the developer is not able to select to run an arbitrary set of tests or test suites.


To conduct this study we have built technology to syntactically and semantically analyze the kernel leveraging the xtc compiler toolkit [20], and have analyzed 20 versions of Linux (2.6.0 -2.6.19).

we have analyzed how well the code encapsulated by Linux's configuration options matches AOSD techniques.


A COMPONENT MODEL FOR EMBED-DED SOFTWARE In order to apply component-based software development to embedded systems software, we must be precise about what we mean by a component.

we must take care to specify how components are structured and composed, which properties of components are important to capture and reason about, and how a composition of components can be interpreted at run-time.


The input rate of the jobs was chosen such that if jobs are preemptive then we get 95% utilization.

if jobs are not preemptive, then an optimal of.ine scheduler can at most achieve 95% utilization.


A single design pattern is intended to provide a blueprint solution to a single problem and an identi.cation of the implementation tradeo.s that will be encountered.

the structure of a portion of the program is provided but the developer is still required to make implementation decisions in terms of the tradeo.s presented in the pattern coupled with application and architecture speci.c requirements.


Where the .rst topic is concerned, our results support the conclusion that accounting for different context factors in assessing regression testing techniques makes a difference when assessing the relative bene.ts of those techniques.

our analysis shows that the time constraints factor had a large impact on relative bene.ts.


Other authors define ontology as a shared, explicit but partial specification of the commonly agreed upon intended meaning of a conceptualisation.

parties with a common concept of data specify as clearly as possible such concepts and they can build systems on the basis of these specifications that allow the systems to interoperate with one other.


What we observe here is that a call to meta-apply reduces correctly to a call to the corresponding compiled function.

the use of meta-apply in this setting is harmless.