4.3 Test Source Limitations A test generator may use a memory for storing the test patterns.

external test generators use such a memory with a limited size which may lead to additional constraints on test scheduling [12].


Our .rst result is that there exists an algorithm that can compute an o-Pareto set for a system of n components, whose number of queries is independent of the size of the exact Pareto set (which could be arbitrarily large).

1 the number of queries depends only on the number of components n, their range a and the desired accuracy o. THEOREM 3.1.


For full-chip thermal analysis, because the thermal propagation speed is far slower than the clock rate in modern IC design, the instantaneous power dissipation does not a.ect the chip temperature in the thermal steady state.

the chip temperature is virtually constant.


The maximum local clock skew (MLCS) of a clock tree T , denoted as MLCS(T ), is de.ned to be the largest LCS in the entire tree: MLCS(T ) = max |ti - tj |.

(1) MD(i,j)=L the ISPD 10 contest requires that the 95th percentile of MLCS(T ), denoted as 95%MLCS(T ), be kept below a user-speci.ed LCS constraint C under power-supply variations and wire-width variations.


In our approach, the iteration distribution across the cores is carried out at an iteration group granularity.

each core is assigned a number of iteration groups.


An important goal in this step is to perform code transformations which introduce extra transfers between the different memory partitions and which are mainly reducing the power cost.

these involve adding loop nests and introducing temporary values to be assigned to a lower level wherever a signal in a higher level is read more than once.


This is called state-observation problem.

in [14], we showed that for any SR-equivalent circuit, those problems can be solved uniquely similar to SR. for any desired state, a transfer sequence to the state can be uniquely generated, independently of the initial state, and any present state (initial state) can be uniquely identified only from the output sequence.


The reduced parasitics for interconnects can further significantly simplify the circuit and power distribution network design for high performance applications.

massive amounts of inexpensive storage currently supplied by Magnetic Hard Disks can potentially be supplied by flash memory located within the same chip, eliminating the multiple communication hierarchies from the chip to off-chip caches to board-level traces to cables and back.


Only those that are frequently reused belong to the working set, so the working set is a subset of the footprint.

we have observed that using this vector to compute the working set for instructions is quite accurate, whereas it is not for data.


We set the maximum random link length as a parameter for the random topology generation.

two nodes are randomly picked up, and, if their distance is less than or equal to the maximum random link length, they are connected with a link.


We model random within-die variations in VT H using the analytical model proposed in [18].

the cache is decomposed into smaller building blocks and total leakage power is the sum of leakage power in each block.


Depending on which pin location is chosen, electrical properties for the respective signal differ.

the wiring effort both within the component as well as external to the component can change significantly.


One can observe from these results that CE in general generates better results than CB.

cE achieves a 78% reliable read rate, and 65% of the copies overwrite other copies.


Furthermore, since different components of a chip can have different execution pro.les, consuming different amount of powers, the temperatures of the components of chip are not uniform.

the component with heavy/light operating activity will reach a relatively high/low temperature.


We use DN-Hunter to not only provide real-time traf.c visibility and policy controls, but also to help gain better understanding of how the dynamic web is organized and evolving today.

we show many other applications of DN-Hunter including: (i) Spatial Discovery: Mapping a particular content to the servers that actually deliver them at any point in time.


By de.nition, the error of the initial approximation {ql,qr}is at most RD(p1,{ql,qr}).

{ql,qr}is the current upper approximation to the Pareto set, while p1 is the current lower approximation.


Then the MODC set for its fanin edges are: MODC(yi,f )=(yc =i)UMODCf MODC(yc,f )=MODCf Intuitively, the control variable has to be evaluated in order to do the multiplexer assignment, therefore its MODC directly inherits from node f ; a data variable is blocked from the output of f ,if itis de-selected by the control variable.

for a predicate or expression node f =f (y1,,yn), where all inputs are data variables, we have: MODC(yi,f )=MODCf an expression node is a trigger node if and only if all of its fanouts are trigger nodes.


If we can capture the spatial signature of each wafer with an accurate model, and further automatically partition all wafers into different groups based on such spatial signatures where each group carries a similar spatial signature, it would provide important insights to help process engineers for yield improvement.

process engineers can rely on the information to prioritize different yield improvement strategies and focus on the variation sources associated with significant yield loss.


The .gure shows that, as s increases, (i) the mean chip frequency decreases and (ii) the chip frequency distribution gets more spread out.

given a batch of chips, as Vth s s increases, the mean frequency of the batch decreases and, at the same time, individual chips frequencies deviate more from the mean.


However, we cannot simply build an arbitrary set of local projection matrices if we still plan to approximate the circuit response at each timestep by interpolating from among a set of local linearizations at previously visited trajectory pionts.

we trivially combine the essential data we need from the trajectory samples, if each uses a different local linearization.


Modular exponentiation can be implemented using a square-and-multiply technique [27,28] which is presented in Algorithm 1, where n is the wordlength, e(i) denotes the bit i of E, Pi is the value of P at iteration i, and N is the modulus value.

modular exponentiation is reduced to a series of modular multiplication and square operations.


The converse case with S = 8 corresponds to greedy consumption of the time-quota.

the whole time-quota is assigned to the highest priority object.


Therefore, the SCE decap algorithm only requires one time adjoint sensitivity analysis throughout the decap optimization procedure.

instead of using the absolute sensitivity values for decap budgeting, we can use the relative sensitivity information to assign the decap values within each circuit block.


First, the Gaussian distribution pdf(µL) is peaked at its mean value µL = µE, implying that the early-stage mean µE and the late-stage mean µL are likely to be similar.

since the Gaussian distribution pdf(µL) exponentially decays with (µL -µE)2, it is unlikely to observe a late-stage mean µL that is completely different from the early-stage mean µE.


This provides a positive DC current through R5 which has an average value equal to the dc current of the base of Q0.

the dc voltage drop at base of Q0 is necessary to draw the dc current from the bias circuitry.


Theorem 1 (moment matching property of algorithm 1): For the approximate parametric system ~~ ~~ ~ {G ,C ,G ,m,G ,C ,m,C ,B,L} , where G = -G U V T , 0 0 1 n 1 nn i 0 G G ppp ii ~ C = -G U V T , 1 = i = n , the reduced order model using the i 0 CC p i i projection matrix computed in algorithm 1 preserves the transfer function moments with respect to all parameters up to order k. As in Theorem 1, the projection V computed in Algorithm 1 corresponds to a nearby system that is based on the lowrank approximation of generalized sensitivity matrices.

we compute an approximate projection matrix for the original parametric system and employ it for parametric model order reduction.


Interaction method As shown in Figure 3, the new interaction uses the trigger gesture only after a command gesture has been performed, allowing the canceling of the command.

the user performs a command gesture, which is captured by the proximity sensors on the top of the watch.


On the other hand, this drastic change is not seen in Figure 4(b) where the results are obtained on the same Virtex style architecture but with di.erent router settings.

the architecture seems to have a much bigger impact on the switch box pattern distribution than the routing algorithm.


Triple-A needs to check tLatency in order to detect a hot-cluster.

the corresponding datais already available in the PCI-E EP of the hot-cluster whenit is detected (no need to additionally access the underlying Figure 7: Autonomic hot cluster management.


Hence, high-bandwidth memories with multiple parallel reading and writing ports are required.

multi-ported RAMs are often used by wide superscalar processors [1], VLIW processors [1][2], multi-core processors [3][4], vector processors, coarse-grain reconfigurable arrays (CGRAs), and digital signal processors (DSPs).


It is possible to invert the score matrix from longest path to shortest path one by understanding the value in score matrix are obtained.

the origin of these score matrices are based on log-odds score calculations as shown below, .


In this mode only slow and powere.cient units are utilized.


While the former is used to show the case where a great number of physical pages have been previously written and thus garbage collection and erase operations are far more likely to be triggered by new requests, the latter is used to show the opposite situation.

the former will allow us to examine the performance and endurance impact of garbage collection and erase operations that cause channels and chips to be in the busy state.


A social networking workload consists of multiple services that run on multiple servers in a distributedwayina data center, e.g.,Web servers, database servers, memcached servers,etc.The fundamentaldif.cultythataWeb2.0 workloadimposesisthatthe performanceofthe ensemblecanonly be measured by modeling and evaluating the ensemble, because of the complex interplay between the various servers and services.

performance as perceived by the end-user, i.e., the response times observed by the end user, is a result of the performance of the individual servers as well as the overall interaction among the servers.


This interference may result in poor output port selection and cause performance degradation.

when evaluating output ports, RCA-1D considers the status of all nodes along each admissible direction and introduce excessive congestion information, which may degrade performance, especially considering tra.c locality.


.tpd,i, i=1 where tpd,i is the delay shift of the ith PMOS device in the gate.

the delay shift of the NAND gate is determined by the delay shift of the PMOS device in the CP or PCP, while the delay shift of the NOR gate is the sum of delay shifts of all the PMOS devices in the gate.


While state-based full predication (SFP) can remove wasteful power consumption onissuing/decoding instructions from conventional full predication,generating code for SFP is challenging for general CGRAs,especially when there are multiple conditionals to be handleddue to exploiting data level parallelism.

in this paper, we presenta novel compiler framework addressing central issues such ashow to express the parallelism between multiple conditionals, andhow to allocate resources to them to maximize the parallelism.by separating the handling of control .ow and data .ow, our framework can be integrated with conventionalmapping algorithms for mapping data .ow.


Although building block layout style may now be less practical for chip design because modern IC technologies use many metal layers for connections, and wires often can be routed over predesigned blocks, many of the techniques and ideas originally developed for building blocks find applications with other layout styles or technologies.

the dynamic routing modification techniques have been further developed in the context of multichip modules (MCMs) [27][28][29].


A microexecution path consists of control .ow together with microarchitectural characteristics (e.g., cache misses).

we exploit a locality of microexecutions, wherein the same microexecution paths recur many times during execution.


S(L, di){body} can be built using a tool such as the Omega Library [1] at compile time.

using the Omega library (or a similar polyhedral tool), we can identify the set of loop iterations that access a particular set of disks.


We have not addressed the co-existence problem of microprobing and normal data traf.c.

the effect of micro-probing on TCP traf.c would be interesting to study and we plan to explore this in future work.


We implemented the redundancy methods at the application level.

we assume that the programmer is responsible for writing redundant code.


We have incorporated a data reordering library in a number of .ne-grained irregular programs from these standard benchmark suites.

we have used Barnes-Hut, FMM, and Water-Spatial from SPLASH-2 [33], and Moldyn and Unstructured from the Chaos benchmark suite [11].


Therefore, .P = nP · rsource, where nP is the number of source nodes associated with the proxy P. Since the processingtimeattheproxy(inthemillisecondlevelfor a Mica node,whichismainlyduetodecryption/reencryption) is signi.cantly smaller than Tproxy, we make the simplifying assumption that this process time can be ignored.

the delay caused in the delivery of a real message is essentially the sum of the delays caused by the bu.ering at the source node where the event occurred and at the proxy that the messagepasses through onits way to theBS.


EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Example 1: We assume that {RTSV1 = 10O, CTSV1 = 400fF} and {RTSV2 = 1kO, CTSV2 = 800fF}.

tSV1 is normal while TSV2 has a resistive open fault that makes the resistance rise by 100 times.


terminals to achieve linear-time n -way merging.

it takes only n W time per layer and O(mn W ) time for all layers for the subtree Ta with n .


Since designs that are dominated by flip-flops are still less common, we avoid increasing the cost of these additional flipflops with a low cost modification.

since routing pins are relatively expensive, we share the data inputs for the flipflops with the existing LE inputs as shown in Figure 3.


[6], [7], [10] proposed a canonical delay model to address the node delay correlations through sharing global variations.

they model each of the node delay as a summation of three terms: ni = µi + aiRi +ßi,j Gj (1) j where ni(i =1, 2, ...) are random variables corresponding to the the ith node delay in the timing graph; µi is the expected value of ni; Ri, (named node variation), is a zero-mean, unity variance Gaussian random variable representing the localized statistical uncertainties of ni; Gj represents the jth global variation, and is also modeled as a zero-mean, unity variance Gaussian random variable; {Ri} and {Gj } are additionally assumed to be mutually independent; the weight parameters a i (named node sensitivity) and ßi,j (named global sensitivities) are deterministic constants, explicitly expressing the amount of dependence of ni on each of the corresponding independent random variables.


In this section, first we assume that the transistors constituting a PG device are evenly distributed across each core area.


Second, the decoding must be an online process as the input and output sequences can be inde.nitely extended without a pre-speci.ed length upper bound.

the decoder must causally recover a pre.x of the original input sequence on-the-.y based on a so-far observed encoded sequence.


A leakage table is needed to build up for each gate from standard cell library.

we need to constructs leakage table for an inverter, NANDs, NORs, ANDs and ORs gates with 2, 3, 4 input pins.


Existing technology trade-offs suggest that PV can be meaningful and feasible.

off-chip and on-chip memory hierarchy capacities have become sufficiently large to accommodate allocating, on demand, a small percentage of their resources for caching predictor information.


For a page table cache to provide coverage it must simultaneously hold an L4, L3, and L2 entry, whereas a translation cache can provide coverage with only an L2 entry.

the translation cache may be able store additional L2 entries in place of the L4 and L3 entries that are required to provide coverage in the page table cache.


To keep the resistive losses per supply pin constant, the number of supply pins must increase as supply currents are increased either due to increased power usage by on-chip transistors, or due to lowering of the supply voltage.

for a package with a total supply current of Isupply, delivered through Nsupply pins, each pin having resistance Rpin, it is desired that «2 Isupply d Rpin Nsupply = ksupply (a constant).


This paper considers combinational circuits having arbitrary .nite gate and wire delays (an unbounded wire delay model)[8].

the circuits must be glitch-free under all possible .nite delay assignments to the gates and wires.


11(b), the synchronous process implies one clock cycle to the MRT L latency (T represents one clock cycle of latency).

c involves a register at gate level once synthesized.


This new architecture is based on the observation that there is a strong correlation between different memory accesses.

if load X and load Y are two consecutively executed load instructions, the offset between the source addresses of these instructions remain usually constant between different iterations.


For each of these content providers we plot the access patterns in three of our traces (EU1-ADSL1, US-3G, and EU2-ADSL).

the x-axis in each of these graphs are the CDNs hosting the content and the y-axis represents di.erent traces.


Assistive Technology refers to "any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities,"3 while Adaptive Technology covers items that are specifically designed for persons with disabilities and would seldom be used by nondisabled persons.

"Assistive Technology is any object or system that increases or maintains the capabilities of people with disabilities," while Adaptive Technology is "any object or system that is specifically designed for the purpose of increasing or maintaining the capabilities of people with disabilities.


The implementation of the join controller is best understood by relating it to the implementation of the basic stage controller of Figure 5.

the basic stage controller can be regarded as a degenerate case of a join, i.e.


of (Lt,Tt)as follows: fLt,Tt = |J|·h(c,r) 2 Lt -Ls 2(Ts -Tt) = ·h( , )(48) (Lt + Ls)li li (Lt + Ls)li  4.3 Pruning Rules A straight-forward way to extend the conventional dominance relationship between two solutions in the presence of process variation is as follows: solution (L1, T1)is said to dominate solution (L2, T2)if condition P(L1 =L2)=1 and P(T1 =T2) = 1 are satis.ed.

solution (L1, T1) always results in a larger required arrival time but with a less loading capacitance when compared to solution (L2, T2).


About 25% extra white space is inserted to route the benchmarks on one side.

more than 60% of the footprint shrinking from Lib A to Lib B is reclaimed for routing.


For example, assuming that we can use the maximum amplitude of some subset of sensors to estimate the average maximum amplitude over all sensors for each stride, the maximum amplitude of sensors whose values tend to vary more across strides is more valuable.

for metric m at sensor s, this is measured as spreadm(s), which in our case returns the entropy of m as measured at s. In arriving at the value of a metric m at a sensor s, it is reasonable to sample/predict the measurements of s at only those epochs when we would expect it to yield the value of m. to figure out the maximum amplitude at s, we would like to sample/predict s s measurement only at the epochs it is likely to achieve maximum amplitude.


8, our adaptive LDPC coded V-BLAST system shows good throughput performance while lowering the number of feedback traffic channels for NAK signals in time-varying channels.

the number of the NAK signals for retransmission is greatly decreased at lower operating SNR ranges, which reduces the overhead of queue size at the transmitter and the receiver in each IR-HybridARQ scheme.


After those two instances, it performs a binary search to .nd the boundary between the too low , too high , and potentially good Fb i values.

any simulation whose mean of c ' is less than -0.1 is saved to a set of Vl; above 0.1 is Vh, while the remainder min(Vm) is Vm.


Speci.cally, two invariances will be analyzed, which can cause several types of errors.

invariances 13 and 17 sit at the intersection of multiple categories in Figure 3 and may breach three out of the four functional correctness requirements.


Further, in the absence of dynamic CS technique the pipeline would have required 50% excess guardband to prevent any delay fall-outs at 10yrs (compare dotted curve with the plot shown in asterisk in Figure 19).

usage of dynamic cycle time stealing technique brings down the guard-band needed by 30% compared with the static guard-banding technique at the end of 10 years.


Compared with Post-CTS, SHAB-CTS* also achieves averagely 35.22% worstcase clock skew reduction.

the capacitance and runtime of SHAB-CTS* are even smaller than those of Post-CTS.


For a given TAM width and wrapper design for a core, we assume that its testing time at the high data rate is f times less than its testing time at the low data rate.

if it takes Tih(wi)seconds to test Core iat the high data rate with a TAM width wi, the time taken to test it at the low data rate is Tit(wi)seconds, where Tit(wi)=fxTih(wi).


Fig.7b shows the speedup of the parallel 0-order approximation heuristic as a function of the number of levels in circuit size,and shows a similar behavior to that in Fig.6b.

a reduction in the speedup is observed for circuits with low or large number of levels.


Rearrange the elements of S in ascending order, i.e., from smallest to largest and rename them s1,s2,···.For each interval [si,si+1], FX (-1)(u)+ F'(u)isasummationoftwo linear functions and the resulting function is a linear function with respect to u.

the minimum function value foreachintervalmustbedeterminedbyeitherstartingpoint or end point.


This means that by setting up the 6T hit count threshold 2N times larger than that for 10T, we can detect with high accuracy whether 10T hits are above or below their expected value.

the 10T hit counter saturates .rst if and only if more than 1 of to 2N +1  tal hits occur in the 10T ways.


A complete study remains to be done to better understand the impact of the di.erent approximations used to build DS and the link with dependences and schedules.

it is also important to be able to handle not only polytopes, but union of polytopes.


The sensor samples hand movement in 2D space.

the accelerometer acquires data in two different axes (called X and Y), which are orthogonal.


In addition, it takes 3 clock cycles for the reader to know there are no more tags whose IDs start with '0' alive (refer to the 5th bit sent by the reader in Table 1).

the number of clock cycles required is: Cycbinary= 2k(n -1) + 3 (9) Table 1: The inquiry process of Binary-tree protocol Reader sends Tags answer Identified tag (remaining tags reset) 0 * 0 1 001 0 1 1 1 011 0 1 0 0 0 100  Figure 2: Search on a binary tree.


The notion of pipelinable loops is more restrictive than the common loop de.nition in programming languages.

a pipelinable loop has a single exit and loop nesting is disallowed.


STATIC PRIORITY SLACK SHARING FOR MULTIPLE JOBS Many multiprocessor systems are designed for co-hosting multiple functionalities concurrently.

there is an increasing trend towards implementing jobs with mixed criticality on a single shared computing platform [2].


Note both intralayer and interlayer reduction factors are 0.7, leading to an overall reduction factor of 0.7 · 0.7 0.5.

if the capacitance or resistance variation range is +/-20% in the conventional corner conditions, it shrinks to +/-10% in the proposed statistical corner conditions.


Note that the instruction and data buses have an overlapping segment (i.e., parallel segment) along the middle of the chip.

this induces two intermediate nodes A and B in G. the node A receives different signals along its two incoming edges.


With round-robin address mapping the random requests cannot be evenly distributed over the channels when the request count is only slightly larger than the channel count.

more concurrent requests are needed to have a better balanced load.


In our experiments we found that for four of our benchmarks, namely, bcel, jlex, proguard, and antlr, around 1% to 10% of the safe dereferences have maximum access-path length greater than 2.

in jlex some of the safe dereferences discovered by our analysis required accesspaths of length up to 6.


Competitive on-line algorithm theory allows one to reason about appropriate decay intervals given a dynamic to static energy ratio.

competitive on-line algorithms teach us how to select a decay interval that bounds worst case behavior within a constant factor of an oracle scheme.


It n 3 consists of (n/3) repetitions of a group of three consecutive columns of different heights.

the columns with weights 23h, 23h+1, 23h+2 , h=0,1, ,(n/3)-1, have heights equal to H ii .H ii .H1 ii 1 1 , 1 3 and respectively (see for example the PPM H1 ii for n=6 in Figure 2(a) where =19).


In contrast to the operation-centric ISA which controls the functional units, our data-centric ISA is designed to be responsible for data generation directly.

the instructions specify the required data by each functional unit in each current iteration and take care of the returned results from all functional units in previous iteration.


Fi-nally, we consider variable value packets model and present a Randomized Partition policy that achieves the competitive ratio of 41oga, where a is the ratio between the maximal and the minimal values.

we prove that for an important case of two possible packet values it is at most 4 competitive.


Anovel multilevel frameworkbased on Gaussian smoothing that e.ciently solves the gradient minimization problem.

this framework can also avoid  the processing ordering problem arising from the popular sliding window method.


However, for extended chip lifetime, comparable fault-tolerant solutions are required for both processors and their interconnection fabric.

reliability solutions should minimize the damage caused by faults in the interconnection network: these faults can potentially lead to a disconnected network and to the loss of healthy processing elements.


The y-axis in the plot spans all of the ACE fault injections in Figure 5 for the corresponding analysis methodology.

for FI the y-axis spans the 9% of fault injections that were not masked in Figure 5 and for ACE, the y-axis spans the corresponding 31% of trials determined to be ACE by ACE analysis.


D G1 = {A},G2 = {B, C},G3 = {D} Figure 10: Progress of algorithm for a simple example.

at the termination of our algorithm, we will .nd the selected n=4 paths organized in T =3 buckets as G1 = {A},G2 = {B,C},and G3 = {D}.


As the random vector X of W and L varies around the nominally designed vector X0,the variations are considered to be bounded within the ellipsoid regions de.ned by (5).

the variation dX from X0 is given by dX = P1/2 u with dud=1.


The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising for HMM based emotion recognition from spontaneous speech data.

we observed an improvement of up to 2.84% in the unweighted recall rates on the test set of the spontaneous FAU AIBO test set, significance of which have been shown by McNemar s test.


This work has the limitation that it requires manipulation of the code of tasks and thus is not very amenable to system developers.

it is not straightforward to take into account tasks with complex control .ow graphs [13].


Dynamic invariants have the well-known limitation that they may be unsound; a false invariant is nevertheless useful, because it points to functionality not covered by the test-suite.

test suites for hardware designs are expected to be nearly complete.


We also generate initial global capacity based on local usage and global segment usage.

we use a Spine routing technique to estimate the local usage.


At level 1, the "aggregated" CTMC and the exact CTMC coincide, thus zr~ = zr and the recursive computation of b results in the correct conditional probabilities Pr{iklp} be-ing used at every level.

every level-k CTMC is an exact aggregation of the original CTMC.


the likelihood of being vocal and the likelihood of being non-vocal are close, or both are very low), a self-modeling approach is proposed.

some long-term statistics of such segments are compared with those of segments having high confidence results (either vocal or nonvocal) in the same song, to determine which class such segments belong to.


Given a scheduled DFG and available resources, our goal is to minimize the total area of multiplexers.

two resource binding tasks are performed gradually and interactively so that both of them can make assignment decisions based on the intermediate partial binding information supplied by each other.


To ease end-user operations, M 3 is built to be a user-transparent checkpointing system.

application programs do not need to be rewritten to be equipped with fault-tolerance.


Some method is needed for the reader to know not to attempt to read within certain subtrees.

the reader needs to know when a subtree is being blocked, so that it can proceed to other parts of the tree without stalling on the blocked subtree.


The second and perhaps more crucial limitation is that the approach does not scale to multi-party communication with a large number of parties.

one party would require a separate PPUF to communicate with each other party (or very small groups of parties).


THE PROPOSED APPROACH All the approaches to development of digital circuits, mentioned in Introduction, can be enriched by using polymorphic gates.

the use of polymorphic gates enables us to implement more complex developmental schemes.


Based on Corollary 1, we can claim that for the following realizations, A1B* C* D* E* and A*B1C1D* E* ,where subscript * means the corresponding path can be either sensitizable or unsensitizable, the selected four paths achieve the optimal post-ATPG PCM.

among 25 =32 possible realizations, we achieve the optimal post-ATPG results in at least 24 +23 - 22 = 20 realizations, or among 20/32=62.5% possible realizations.


For example, assume p = v 2 , where v ~ N(0,1), then vmean =0, pnominal = 0 but pmean = 1.

the weighted center of performance distribution is far from the nominal value of performance.


For this logic style, precharging occurs when the clock is high, and evaluation occurs when the clock is low.

precharging occurs when the precharge pulse (see Fig.


5 Experimental results Effectiveness of the mutation analysis based on the proposed mutation model has been evaluated by verifying the design examples released with the OSCI TLM 2.0 library [5].

six examples have been considered where different TLM communication protocols are implemented, i.e., bidirectional blocking untimed for pv example, byte enable single and byte enable block, unidirectional blocking untimed for example 3.3, and unidirectional unblocking timed for p2p pipe thread and bus 1m 3s.


The infrastructure of the program was designed with object-oriented techniques to allow for future revisions and additions to the code.

a set of classes to represent the various aspects of a PL circuit was implemented.


Energy Release Rate Energy release rate (ERR) [5] is de.ned as the energy dissipated during fracture, i.e., crack, per newly created fracture surface area.

eRR is the measure of the amount of energy available for fracture.


The uniqueness constraint is imposed to ensure that a data transfer can only occupy a single channel at any cycle.

in each Xi,j , there is one and only one allocation variable that is set to 1.


In assessing enjoyment, participants reported more overall enjoyment in the traditional writing condition than in the control condition, and more enjoyment in the musical feedback condition than either of the other conditions.

participants reported being more likely to use the system again if they received musical feedback.


In this paper, we have presented a novel and frugal fault tolerance framework for current superscalar out-of-order architectures.

the system is able to account for multi-cycle SEUs, which many existing approaches do not guard against.


4.7 PCA  We primarily use PCA as an input filter to clustering.

we first run PCA on our multidimensional counter data to extract those dimensions that contribute most to variability.


CONCLUSION Playing the Shotoku Taishi game using the proposed system revealed that participants enjoyed playing the game and that the awareness of participants regarding the phonological and syllabic characteristics of the Japanese language deepened.

with regard to the latter, the participants prepared combinations of words that would be difficult for the system to clarify, considering that the system gradually clarified the persons that presented a problem and the vocalized words.


As well, static power, which is predominantly due to sub-threshold leakage for current technologies[13], is very process dependent and this makes it di.cult to ensure a fair comparison given the available information.

we do not know the Table 5: Dynamic Power Consumption Ratio (FPGA/ASIC) Name Method Logic Logic Logic Logic, Only & & Memory DSP Memory & DSP booth Sim 16 rs encoder Sim 7.2 cordic18 Const 6.3 cordic8 Const 6.0 des area Const 26 des perf .r restruct Const Const 9.3 9.0 mac1 Const 18 aes192 Sim 12 .r3 Const 12 7.4 di.eq di.eq2 molecular Const Const Const 15 16 15 12 12 15 rs decoder1 Const 13 16 rs decoder2 Const 11 11 atm Const 11 aes Sim 4.0 aes inv Sim 3.9 ethernet Const 15 serialproc .r24 Const Const 24 5.2 pipe5proc raytracer Const Const 12 12 Geomean 12 12 9.2 9.0  con.dence level of either worst-case leakage estimate.


Consequently, we assert that temperature-aware task mapping is a subset of the lifetime-aware task mapping problem.

a temperature-aware task mapping exploration will only find solu-tions with good temperature, while a lifetime-aware task mapping exploration will find solutions with both good lifetime and good temperature.


Towards Acceleration of Fault Simulation using Graphics Processing Units Kanupriya Gulati and Sunil P. Khatri Department of ECE, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 kgulati@tamu.edu and sunilkhatri@tamu.edu ABSTRACT In this paper, we explore the implementation of fault simulation ona Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).

we implement afault simulator that exploits thread level parallelism.


In order to decide the required time interval for noise at a node to reach any DFF within its sampling window, we define the effective noise window TWeff N as such that only noise existing at node N inside TWeff N may be able to reach at least one DFF during the DFF s sampling window.

if a noise originates or arrives at node N A larger TWeff N means a higher probability that a noise on node N can reach a DFF within the DFF s sampling window.


PRELIMINARIES The initial steps of the design .ow are extremely important as they impact the .nal implementation signi.cantly.

architectural decisions during High Level Synthesis(HLS) have a profound impact on the power consumption of the .nal design.


Speci.cally, Lb,n,s : indicates whether data block b is residing in bank n at step s. We assume that a data block resides in a single bank throughout the execution of a program (does not change its location across the steps).


The problem to noccalculate LB1 can be formulated as a graph problem.

noc we construct a test incompatibility graph G =(V,E), in which each node vi denotes an embedded core and its weight equals LBi,noc, and we add an edge eij between two nodes vi and vj if these two cores cannot be tested simultaneously no matter which test I/O ports are utilized for them.


However, in both [15, 21], the delayof the circuit is increased signi.cantly as CWSP elements are added before every .ip-.op in the design.

if an SET event results ina glitch of width 8 at the un-delayed input to the CWSP element, it willattain its correct value after time 8.


DUPLICATIONS OF PES AND MUTUAL EXCLUSION ON LOADING In this section, we consider general cases in which tasks might share PEs.


In addition, students realize that caches work independently and also understand why L2 caches usually implement a write-back and writeallocate policy.

the inclusion of the second level cache is founded and useful providing a worth help in the learning process.


Each entry, Zij, in the matrix represents a timing relationship of the form Tt;-Tt1 :Zijwhere Tt;is the time at which ti.res.

zijrepresents the maximum amount of time in which ti.res after tj.


Buffered write operations with matching rows will access the DRAM after this operation and thus improve DRAM page hit rate.

the main principle used in PHA-WB is to buffer the write operations until a matching read operation is posted.


Furthermore, the trim pattern must be put in such a location that even if overlay happens, it is still contained in the sidewall.

the trim pattern must be at least wo apart from the two boundaries of the sidewall to avoid overlay.


If there is more than one row having the same smallest estimated EBL, we determine their ordering by their positions in the grouping tree.

we .rst .nd these rows nearest common ancestor group.


The trend of a disk annual Ri j =1 failure rate as the disk utilization grows is different from that U = = i reported in the literature.

our disk failure rate model BB disk disk , (2) built from real-world data of disk failures suggests that the probability that a disk fails under either very low or very high where Bdisk is the bandwidth of the disk system.


While attack trees have been very useful in the understanding the security of many systems, the development of accurate trees is a difficult process.

tree creation entails the enumeration all particular attack vectors that may provide system access.


The total cost is 1, which means we .nd a solution where one has a width s, the extra core and block pattern will not affect anything in R r 2.

any new overlay violations only appear in R l 2 , and will not affect R r 2.


It is important to note that these are expert-driven algorithms highly-tuned to improve power-performance e.ciency.

our decoupled power management baseline constitutes a highly powerperformance e.cient scenario and it is considered the most aggressive approach.


Behind these diverse breeds of placement algorithms, several benchmarks played a key role in stimulating state-of-the-art placement research.

the appearance of the ISPD98 benchmark suite [6] modeled real designs into partitioning benchmarks, which were later translated into placement bench- Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.


Due to the constant-area-decap property of the reduction process, the reduced solution in RFSP mapped from the optimal solution in FSP must also be the optimal solution in RFSP.

if we can find the optimal solution in RFSP, then by using a backmapping process, we can determine the optimal solution in the original solution space FSP.


Then, the DSE problem can be described as follows: Given a throughput (or initial interval) constraint for an actor, which implementation should be selected and how many replicas are needed so that the aggregated throughput of all the replicas is no less than the throughput constraint?

for actor fm we want to get binary integers x1, x2,...,xSm indicating which implementation is selected, and integer um indicating number of replicas needed.


To .nd a unique solution, VP assumes that the spatial correlation among performance values of dies on the same wafer would result in a sparse representation in the frequency domain.

a large number of DCT coef.cients in .. are near-zero.


The way we propose to handle this con.ict exploits the structure of the dependencies in the algorithms that have to be implemented.

by taking advantage of the domain narrowness (see Section 2), it is possible to design a new class of architectures, where a small portion of the input is processed through all the iterations by modules that we call cones.


Our approach targets both combinational resource and register minimization.

we keep track of every possible allocation of combinational resources while symbolically computing a set of schedules.


THE HISTORY-BASED TAG-COMPARISON CACHE 2.1 Main Idea At and after the second reference to the same instruction in a cache-miss interval, performing tag checks is unnecessary, as explained in Section 1.1.

we can omit the tag check if: (i) the target instruction has been referenced before, and (ii) no cache misses have occurred since the previous reference to the target instruction.


If we choose several cycles of overlap f, and insist that all f cycles must match, the risk of a false match ought to be very low.

there are two ways for the algorithm to fail: 1.


The Neyman-Pearson lemma [14] says that the decision rule should be constructed in order to have the maximum probability of detection while not allowing the probability of false alarm to exceed a certain value a.

the Neyman-Pearson criterion is the solution to the following constrained optimization problem: max{Pr(Hits)}, such that Pr(FA) = a where a is an user-speci.ed upper bound of the probability of false alarm.


Putting it all together, the overall energy cost of Kerberos key establishment is between 39.6 mJ and 47.6 mJ, while ECMQV key exchange requires an energy of between 79.0 mJ and 84.6 mJ (see Table 1).

the energy consumption of ECMQV and Kerberos di.ers merely by a factor of between 1.78 (for high transmit power) and 1.99 (for low transmit power).


The NLQ work also proposed a simple heuristic to reduce the re-execution overhead.

a load that issues when there were no unresolved store addresses will have received the correct value, and therefore need not be reexecuted at commit.


Next, we estimate each component of the delaypower pro.le (DPP) {sl 2}Nh-1 by summing the energies of l=0 the 2D+ 1 Doppler coe.cients.

the lth DPP element during the ith MCM symbolintervalisestimated as PD .


In these works, BDDs support automated synthesis through ef.cient logic decomposition.

a BDD-based decomposition theory is proposed in [10] to support various logic structures, e.g., AND, OR, XOR and MUX.


Our design can be applied to any sparse matrix, regardless of its sparsity structure or size.

the performance of our design only depends on the number of nonzero elements in each row, and not on the distribution of these nonzeros among the columns.


[11] observes that the long-lived registers are the major contributors to the overall registers AVF.

the register vulnerability will drop significantly if the long-lived registers are fault-free.


The VPB steering scheme In consequence, to minimize the above mentioned communications increase, the second modification to the Baseline steering scheme should only apply to those cases in which there is a potential for improving the workload balance.

we propose that the steering logic considers predicted source operands to be mapped in all clusters only when the workload imbalance is higher than a given threshold (that we set empirically to DCOUNT=16 and DCOUNT=8, for a 4-cluster and a 2-cluster configurations, respectively).


probabilistic model of each sensor and combine their measurements accordingly [3].

each sensor gives a numeric measurement that is corrupted by noise with a known distribution (e.g., Gaussian).


To map an instruction to a single µop, we need to .nd a label-to-term mapping that makes the resource con.guration and instruction terms equal.


Condition 1: Basic Fishbone A placement based on the basic Fishbone scheme is 100% Fishbone routable, if all the virtual output pins in the same column are assigned different  GOX and all the virtual input pins in the same row are assigned different GIY.

no two vertical trunks in the same column are placed on the same X-coordinate (X-index), and no two horizontal branches in the same row are placed on the same Y-coordinate (Yindex).


This paper describes a hybrid cooling solution in which TECs are augmented with forced-convection coolers (fans).

an optimization framework called OFTEC is presented which finds the optimum TEC driving current and the fan speed to minimize the overall power consumption of the cooling system while maintaining safe die temperatures.


Furthermore, the scatter plot in Figure 5 shows that there are di.erent strategies for tracing sound.

there are certain clustering tendencies that might indicate that listeners select di.erent mapping strategies.


The goal of the Fishbone block-level placement and routing scheme is to find such placements.

if the output of the Fishbone placer is post-processed by a MST router, the improvement will be small.


Much work has been devoted to the investigation of several aspects of the pseudorandom testing techniques, such as the impact of the finite length of the input pulse sequence, the duration of the single pulse, the ADC resolution, etc [1-3].

aDC s with low resolution can be employed to sample the DUT response as the averaging effect intrinsically performed by the input-output cross correlation operation greatly reduces the effects of the quantization errors [2].


In all region slip configurations evaluated in this section, no inter-frame mem- ory dependence speculation is performed.

no mem- ory instruction is able to move ahead of the last potentially conflicting memory operation in the previous region.


Since the client will manage the heap, we need not send heap objects with the code partition.

heap objects always remain on the client (smart card) and get allocated and de-allocated as per the program flow and are not a part of data partitions sent with code partitions.


The clock domain crossing mechanism implemented in the original simulator was ratio based.

tile frequency was forced to be an integer divider of NoC frequency.


of the NC-OFDM transceiver is better than that of the -1 10 MC-CDMA transceivers.

as the percentage of deactivated subcarriers increases, the BER per- BER BER  -2 -2 BER 10 -3 -3 10 -4 -4 formance of the MC-CDMA system worsens while the -2 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 SNR (dB) (a) AWGN Channel.


On such pipelined writing, a line bu.er .rst copies the line into a write delay bu.er and the actual write-back takes place when next time a new write operation is comparing its tag.

on every write access, the cache always perform tag compare for current request but writes data from the write delay bu.er.


In fact this intuitive idea can be formalized quite nicely with the following property: the output of a logical function should only be marked as tainted if and only if some set of tainted inputs actually had an opportunity to a.ect the output.

if it is possible to a.ect a change in the output through any changes in any of the tainted inputs, the output should be marked as tainted.


If Formula (2) is unsatis.able, then each input minterm x can make certain rectifying cofactor RM(xx, xr = xv) unsatis.able.

each minterm x can be recti.ed by the corresponding rectifying vector xv.


METHODOLOGY We now explain the method we use to explore voltage and frequency scaling as a static technique for design space exploration in terms of power versus performance trade-offs.

5.1 Voltage/Frequency Scaling we analyze the case where we reduce the voltage of the off-chip memory and off-chip buses from 3.3 Volts to 2 Volts (note that our original system consists of the MARS [12] processor powered at 2.75 Volts with the memory buses and memory chip powered at 3.3 Volts).


Our regular fabrics will not allow the use of minimum width devices, so as to reduce the number of corners present in the active layer.

this is done to reduce STI stress effects acting in the channel, and thus reduces the mobility variations.


The figure of merit for timing pick-off is the distribution of the times stamps.

for a setup with two detectors and a source exactly centered between them (so coincidental photons arrive at both detectors at the same time), what is the distribution of differences between the time stamps for each detector?


Results of performance simulation to perform architectural exploration.

the Power Spectrum Estimation (PSE) has been encapsulated into a parameterized for-loop in order to perform the computation using a bufferization of the samples.


In [10], the authors have shown that the GLD covers all distributions which ful.ll the constraint 1.8 · a23 +1= a4.

(8) we can only .t data to the GLD if (8) is satis.ed.


INTRODUCTION Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly demanded by spacecraft electronic designers, because of their high flexibility in achieving multiple requirements such as high performance, no NRE (Non Refundable Engineering) cost and fast turnaround time.

sRAM-based FPGAs are uniquely suited for remote missions, because they can be reprogrammed by the user as many times as necessary in a very short period.


A Design Methodology for the Exploitation of High Level Communication Synthesis Francesco Bruschi, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Massimo Bombana, CEFRIEL, Italy Abstract In this paper we analyse some methodological concerns that have to be faced in a design flow which contains automatic synthesis phases from high-level, system descriptions.

the issues related to the synthesis of the communication between the system elements are considered.


a FIFO channel with no voltage and frequency scaling).

the value on the y-axis is the ratio Powers .


In contrast, dynamic effects threaten the safe transfer of data.

transient noise can push data and timing edges apart andleadto incorrect sampling(excessiveskew),oritcanpushtwo consecutiveedges on the same wire suf.ciently close to cause intersymbol interference.Wave pipelining needs additional timing margin to tolerate this, hence must run slower as a connection lengthens.


Thus, we focus our efforts on studying algorithms that target true dual-port memories.

the algorithms presented in this paper assumes both ports can be used as read ports.


By specifying a restriction that inputs are not allowed to change every clock cycle, we are providing extra clock cycles to the cycle in Gp to complete its computations.

slowdown (of input issue rate) can be thought of a compensating factor for increased cycle latencies in Gp.


Depending on the comparison between the VCO and o.-chip clocks, an optimal control voltage (Vcont) is applied to VCO in order to match the two clocks (i.e., PLL locking).

we can say that Vcont of PLL in locked condition actually re.ects any sources of variation in operating condition.


It should be noted that the statistical timing analysis method presented in Section III is independent of the type of ViVo-gate models.

it can be used with other ViVo-gate models.


It should be noted that, these instructions are selected in a way that, the data stored in the reserved registers does not change during the NOP execution.

the reserved registers keep the NBTI-optimized source operand during NOP execution.


In the case of one-hop look-ahead routers, on the other hand, an output channel at i-th hop router is selected by (i-1)-th hop router.

each router performs a routing computation for the next hop (denoted as NRC), as shown in Fig.4.


For an internal node, the knowledge of such a bound, combined with the availability of an existing solution with a cost that is lower than this bound, allows us to prune this node.

we can exclude the subtree rooted at this node from the search since all its leaves are guaranteed to have costs worse than that of the existing solution and will not be optimal.


We implemented our 2 ·C crosstalk free CODEC using PLAs.

we implemented a 3-6 bit encoder, and determined its delay to be 179ps, and its area to be 10 µm2.


Each page death reduces the size of the physical memory, which increases wear on the remaining pages.

when a physical page dies there is one fewer page over which to spread the wear placed on the logical memory.


the actual delay of sis larger than the expected delay given by pre-silicon model.


Therefore, to compose a circuit with multiple gates, each signal must have its own sequence, or name, and be carefully designed and tested to avoid interference with other sequences.

there is no spatial isolation like electronic circuits have, so some form of code isolation is required.


The data reuse is done by using two substractors in one modified Process Element(PE).

two current block (cl and c2 in Figure 2b) is parallelly searched to compute the motion vector with the same search data.


CONCLUSIONS We have presented a novel design technique aimed at protecting cryptoprocessors against attacks based on power pro.le analysis.

we have proposed the concept of randomized power masking, which is based on a combination of power-management techniques and randomized clock gating.


The polarization of the output QCA cell changes from 1 to 0 following the polarization transition of the input QCA 0 -20m cell.

the signal can transmit through a QCA wire.


A choice is determined by the track being used and the terminal connections being made.

a choice for a segment can be represented by(t, R).t is a track in the panel that the segment is assigned to, and R is a collection of short wires and/or vias that the assigned segment used to connect to its terminals.


Otherwise, a line is classi.ed into dead.

a dead line is no longer accessed and is waiting for eviction in a replacement manner.


To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, the conditional QTTF distribution for a chip was also computed by Monte-Carlo simulation with an accept-and-reject strategy.

the simulation only accepted the sample vectors with similar entries on the measurement sites, the tolerance of which was set to 0.01nm in our implementation.


All the players play simultaneously without any knowledge about other players play.

the players simultaneously chooses a strategy si .Si such that their respective payoff is maximized with respect to the payoffs of the other players.


One drawback of this first experiment is that, in any practical situation, we have a fixed set of available routing resources, known for our target FPGAs in advance.

the main interest is to know whether designs can fit into target FPGAs or not, rather than to optimize the number of routing resources used.


Such design objectives and constraints must be re.ected in public placement benchmarks so that one can compare layout tools in a variety of placement contexts.

one would like to see trustworthy empirical data for academic placers that lend themselves to timing closure .ows and produce good timing results while maintaining routability and signal integrity.


Theoretical studies on noise also bloomed after these single-cell experimental works.

paulsson described intrinsic and extrinsic noise with a single unifying equation that captures the origins and propagation of noise [8].


3.2 Uniform vs Non-uniform Inclusion The generality of priority LRU can create cache management scenarios not possible in the past.

the stack layout may differ based on cache size the same data element may reside in a lower position in the smaller cache than in the larger cache.


The scope of the search function is constrained to the currently displayed screen.

search will be performed only within the domain or submenu that is currently being displayed.


Finally, note that our proposed strategy is mostly orthogonal to simulation e.ciency and accuracy.

heterogeneous integration is not related to heterogeneous simulation, where the type of simulation used for a component depends on how much information is desired.


The balance of wire congestion of via v is denoted by F (v).


Assuming equal current densities j on each of the two segments, this implies that there is an effective divergence, which can eventually lead to void nucleation and growth, equivalent to a current density of 2j on both wires.

as compared to the case where the left-hand segment is missing and the right-hand segment has the same current density of j, the expected rate of atomic transfer is doubled at this node.


The boxes denote modelling languages and the arrows denote transformations.


We specify the behavior of the toggle as a safety property.

we specify a hyper-rectangle for the initial region and regions for the end of each state transition from Fig.


The reconfiguration manager also starts a QoS (Quality-of-Service) mechanism that rises up the priority of the communication of the packets whose final destination is the component linked to the target interface.


We then introduce errors to the delays of certain circuit elements in the silicon netlist in order to simulate the impact of some silicon e.ect .

for each circuit we produce silicon netlists that simulate three di.erent silicon e.ects : mismodeled logic cells, capacitive-coupling, and voltage droop.


3) Ef.ciency: Now that the accuracy and the signi.cant computational savings of the proposed approach are established, we proceed to demonstrate its ef.ciency.

a closer look at the plot of evolution of the .gure of merit (see Fig.2(b)) reveal the following interesting observations: · The rate of improvement of .gure of merit (slope of the evolution) with increasing number of simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.


Step 5: Add and schedule explicit prefetch instructions After all instructions have been scheduled and the algorithm has attached the appropriate hints to memory instructions, it may add explicit software prefetch instructions for some memory operations.

instructions that have a stride of 0, 1 or -1 elements map their data ef.ciently to the buffers and the prefetch hints associated to them guarantee a high L0 hit rate (the same applies to strides of N or -N elements when loops are unrolled N times due to interleaved mapping, N being the number of clusters).


However, the security aspect of using IP protocol stack on lightweight devices, such as PDAs or mobile phones, is not su.ciently explored.

encryption and public key signatures implemented in software are computationally expensive operations that could stress CPU and battery resources of mobile devices.


Moreover, a programmable p-controller allows for high flexibility and multi-functionality of the system.

the system could host and manage additional components, such as a wireless interface or other sensors  References  Atmel.


The authors rewrite functions of each output O(X ) in terms of internal signals t1, t2 to see whether there are functions that can be inserted at t1, t2 to realize a new function O'.

they solve the Boolean equation O(X, t1, t2)=O' for t1 and t2 and check for consistency.


Although O(n) intersections can be v v generated by O( n) line segments, O( n) line segments cannot re.ect all the nvertices of P .C.

the intersection concept of Hanan grid and Escape graph will generate too many Steiner point candidates and lower the ef.ciency of Steiner point selection.


Recently, there is a strong drive to introduce secure processors into high-end and desktop computing domains [21][22][23].

intel plans to incorporate security support to its processors within the next two to three years [23].


In this study, we assume that each component in our target system has its own power transition state diagram.

each component has at least one low-power operating mode (state) as well as active and idle modes, and it takes a certain amount of time and energy to transition from one state to another.


This approach is very effective since for every test cube, L (and not just one) systems of equations are constructed, and among the solvable systems, the one resulting in the highest compression is selected.

each test cube is encoded in such a way so as to maximize the overall encoding efficiency.


The minimal sparse observability problem de.ned in (IV-A) is NP-hard.


In particular, we identify the three most signi.cant parameters for achieving ef.ciency by exhaustively evaluating the Ck 15 possible combinations for k =1,..., 3.

there are C115 = 15, C215 = 105,  C15 3 = 455 ways to select one, two, and three parameter(s) for adaptivity, respectively.For each k and each of the Ck 15 possible combinations foragiven k,we repeatthe optimizationof Section4 to identify the ef.ciency-maximizing combination.


8, LA shows the border value of SAB where the input B does not affect DA.

dA is equal to the gate delay dA in SIS when SAB > in Fig.


The direction of the edges in this graph denotes that the destination vertex computation depends on the computation of the origin vertex.

the destination vertex presents a communication dependence w.r.t.


The write notices, however, reflect only the information re- garding the write operations.

only the Acq(a) Acq(b> Acq(c) Acq(a) (a)An Example of the Inter-Process Dependency ®- (b) Dependency Tracking Figure 3: An Example of Dependency Tracking  vector clocks for release operations following any write operation are included in the write notices.


These three limitations can be easily enforced by ensuring that every state change implies a chord change.

we let the chord level control the granularity of the key and structure estimations.


The system manages the data streams arriving from two sources: video scene and speech.

we show a technique distinguishing between the data from di.erent modalities that should be fused and the data that should not be fused, but analysed separately.


In i (j) (j) fact, Gis a set of continuous space, and Ris a mapping i i from x *(t0 +.t)to m(t0 +.t)and x(t0 +.t).

(0) Gis noted as the condition of no discrete jump in mi,and i (0) therefore Rdoes not change anything.


light sensor 2-input logic LED Our focus is instead on smaller-scale networks whose nodes have particular functions and whose connectivity explicitly carries out a particular task [6][13][15][16][20], such as a garage open at night detector.


The results illustrate how the design of individual control knobs can be simplified in the context of a coordinated architecture.

a processor with two P-states is significantly less complex to test and ship than one with a higher number of Pstates.


We de.ne the ODC function ODCMi (x) of input x of a module Mi as the .rst term of equation 1.

oDCM (x) represents the conditions under which input x to module Mi is not observable at the module output z.We can then rewrite equation 1 as: ODC(x)= ODCMi (x)+ ODC(z) (2) Given a module Mi with K inputs, {x1,x2, ..., xK },the ODC conditions of the inputs are computed by traversing the fanin cone of Mi backward.


Due to design complexity limitations, it may be dif.cult to to apply .negrained access approaches to 6T SRAMs, e.g., accessing different lines with different frequencies.

one worst-case cell in the SRAM array can overly burden design margins and timing windows or negatively affect the speed and/or power of the entire structure.


Similar to observability in the area of test pattern generation, the leakage observability indicates the degree to which the value of a particular circuit input is observable in the magnitude of leakage from power supply.

it predicts the average effect on leakage if a primary input is set to a 1 or to a 0.


We address this (hyper) plane as the splitting plane.

if we have two mcmes for two neighboring regions, we can directly calculate the border of the two regions.


It is important to note that the LQ/SQ CAMs are much more complex than the CAMs used in the reservation stations (RS) for scheduling non-memory instructions.

the RS CAMs match on relatively small tags (plog2 Physical RF Sizel, typically 6-8 bits) whereas the LQ/SQ typically match on memory addresses (32-64 bits), although tricks such as staggered/partial tag matching and virtual-indexing/physical-tagging can be used to reduce the overhead.


We cannot apply the same solution we used for data signals here as there can be sources of arbitration request signals, i.e., bus masters, on either side of simulator-accelerator channel.

we should be able to predict the values of bus request signals driven by bus masters residing in lagger.


1e-010 1e-012 1e-014 1e-016 1e-018 Nadh 1e-020 After the optimization, we perform the E-dominance analy sis to search accurately near the edge of the Pareto-optimal region.

we use a condition of approximated dominance to perform a post-processing analysis in order to calculate an approximated Pareto front.


xP .yQ yQ.yP Note that the proposed approach and in particular the above theorem holds for channels with single-producer and single-consumer components.

it is assumed that a shared variable can only be shared by two components.


To give a little bit of intuition behind the Algorithm 1 above, we should say that the constrained MDP optimization problem in (1) has a fractional objective function.

the objective function is a ratio of two long run average costs.


In that way we want to study if our conclusions about user s persistence of the game and other player can be confirmed by the other kindsof measurements.

the monitoring techniques can be used to detect if players are satisfied or not with offers from other players as well as decisions made by the Responders.


The rationale behind this approach is to make sure that there are no discontinuities on the cache size that make the system schedulable.

assuming that a given system using N cachelinesis schedulablebut non-schedulable when using N - 1 cache lines, it is necessary to ascertain whether the systemis non-schedulablefor any sizelowerthan N - 1.


While poor margins reduce yield, extreme worst case margins can produce overdesigned circuits with increased power dissipation and resource consumption.

the critical paths within a digital circuit are sensitive to skew variations.


Our results demonstrate that the reliability improvement due to disk scrubbing depends on the scrubbing frequency and the workload of the system.

for typical scrubbing frequencies and workloads, the reliability improvement due to disk scrubbing does not reach the level achieved by the IPC-based intra-disk redundancy scheme, which is insensitive to the workload.


Traditionally, the design of Fl and Cl are performed in two isolated phases.

cl is designed assuming a possible worst-case design of Fl and similarly, Fl is designed by translating the performance requirements of Cl into overly conservative timing constraints.


As signal values are propagated in nonoverlap ways, all LUTs can retrieve their data in parallel.

memories are synchronous with the same clock signal and retrieve data in exactly one lock cycle.


Second, replacing invalid edges is not easy due to the PD constraints.

the invalid edges can not be replaced with edges around the obstacles since each layer only allows either horizontal or vertical edges.


Finally, we need to make a modification to the register file as well.

it should be enhanced to perform the copy operation.


It can be shown that our method consumes only about 24% of memory in interpolant generation when compared to Pudlák s algorithm.

the memory overhead in recording resolution graphs can be as high as 76/24 = 3.17 times.]


because, for the same quality, the optimized design consumes less e.ort than the original one.

the optimized design degrades more gracefully with the decrease of computational e.ort.


DeGroot de.nes an uncertainty function as any nonnegative measurable function U de.ned on the space P of distributions p over T.2 DeGroot then de.nes the information provided by an experiment by IDG[X, p;U]=U(p)-E[U(pX )].

iDG[X, p;U] would be the difference between the uncertainty prior to the experiment and the expected uncertainty after the experiment.


As in [5], to avoid the computational complexity we assume the NOC of a register node to be 1.

we do not analysis observabilities across register boundary.


Note that, only when all test sets in parallel test queues .nish their tasks, we say it s the end time of the test.

the longest test queue dominates the overall test time.


Occasionally, however, noise is not independent and identically distributed.

we .nd the occasional presence correlated of noise.


Instead, we propose an approach that complements existing power control schemes to better meet the network- level QoS requirements of user flows.

we as- sume that the network-level QoS requirements of each flow translates to a deadline requirement for each of its pack- ets.


This experiment shows that the noise amplification is successful when both conditions are met: noises arrive earlier than signals, and the wire segment at the noise injection point is long enough.

the noise amplification can be prevented by either limiting this length or letting signal arrive first.


The inverter current can be calculated from (1) for any input voltage.

the maximum current, given in (4), is reached when both P and N-channel devices operate in saturation.


With respect to .y-by-wire systems in the aerospace, automotive electronic systems present some distinctive features in terms of safety requirements.

a safe state can be reached easier and faster in the event of hazardous failures.


In comparison, the scheme proposed in [7] was able to improve performance slightly over [1] (the base approach).

from the performance angle, there is not too much difference between these code parallelization schemes.


They point out, that to be effective a design methodology that addresses complex systems must start at high levels of abstraction .

a design methodology should separate (1) function (what the system is supposed to do) from architecture (how it does it) and (2) communication from computation.


The e.ect of the radiation on the local metal interconnects is important as it can impact the overall behaviour of a system using wireless interconnects for intra-chip communication.

the e.ect of the radiation on the metal interconnects can interfere with the integrity of the signals on the metal interconnect.


If we allow 4% of errors, the iterative learning process (Figure 4) can further reduce the path set to 137 critical paths.

these are 137 statistically signi.cant paths suf.cient to explain the pass/fail behavior to the desired accuracy of 96%.


By executing the program on the undead core, NM provides hints to accelerate the animator core without requiring multiple versions of the same program.

the undead core is used as an external run-ahead engine for the animator core that has been added to the CMP system.


The performances of different normalization schemes to the scores of the individual modalities are explored.

the matching scores of each modality are treated with diferent normalization techniques and the global scores are obtained by fusing the two complementary scores using the simple sum rule of fusion.


For efficiency, we run our warping algorithm twice and generate new net weights once.

we run our wirelength driven WARP2 placer with uniform weights for all nets.


The clock periods under both the TSV1-in-ST configuration and the TSV2-in-ST configuration are larger than their reference clock period under the normal configuration implying that using an ST inverter as the output driver of a TSV does expand the clock period.

the amount of expansion in the clock period is much larger in the TSV2-in-ST configuration than in the TSV1-in-ST configuration, since the TSV2 delay is much larger than TSV1 delay.


Finally, the last three columns report the information about the turn-on current for some of the techniques that we have surveyed in Section 2.

column Ist refers to the single transistor architecture, column Ikim to the realization with four .xed size parallel sleep transistors and column Isst to the case of a staircase solution.


Moreover, the problem of setting or reading a magnetic bit is similar for MRAM and MQCA: in both cases the magnetization state of a nanometer-size thin-.lm island has to be written and read.

we will be able to capitalize on advances made in magnetic data technology to address input and output with MQCA.


Moreover, we leverage the clock divider and duty-cycle controller in timing-speculative designs (see Section 2.3) to manipulate test clocks, whenever necessary.

we are able to control TH , TL and hence Tcycle during testing.


An ABL (N.P .C,E) is in normal form i. E does not contain any edge (N,P) with N .N and P .P.

no addition network feeds a partial product generator.


For every unacceptable fault, fu, and every acceptable fault, fa, there exists a vector that detects fu but does not detect fa.


BACKGROUND 2.1 Macro-Model Generation Given a system described by tabulated date H(sk ) .Cm×m , 1 = k = ns provided either from measurement or simulation, the task of macro-model generation is to .nda system G(s)= CT (sI - A)-1B + D (1) ,where A .Cn×n , B .Cn×m , C .Cm×n , D .Cm×m,such that the error ns E = |G(sk) - H(sk)|2 (2) 2 k=1 is minimized.

in rational .tting or vector .tting, the matrix A is diagonal, i.e.


The MMSE receiver estimates the received signal by multiplying the matrix, G, with the received symbol vector.

future channel quality is underestimated.


Chip masterplan can also be considered as an abstract data over the design.

the design is analogously same a detailed map of the city whereas masterplan is an abstract and global view of the city.


We have observed and experimentally validated that the HLS resource usage estimates correlate with actual resource after logic synthesis, although they tend to be conservatively high estimates.

the HLS estimates for FF resource use and LUT resource use tend to be high.


In most of the arithmetic circuits the outcome of the synthesis tools depends on the input description of the circuit.

logic synthesis optimisations hardly change the architecture of the given circuit.


0.05 is higher, and there is a much clearer separation between the histograms of two estimators.

for mean estimation, our method almost dominates the sample mean estimator, i.e., with high probability, our method obtains less error than the sample mean estimator.


We described a procedure for fault col b02 6 64 70 13 0.14 60.00 13 100.00 lapsing based on the level of similarity, and studied its b01 8 256 135 26 0.53 68.15 26 100.00 effectiveness experimentally.

we identi.ed b06 12 4096 202 30 0.50 71.78 30 100.00 a minimum level of similarity that allows us to perform  b03 35 20000 452 38 0.45 75.88 38 100.00 b04 78 20000 1341 63 0.50 74.27 63 100.00 fault collapsing based on the level of similarity without b09 30 20000 420 34 0.50 78.33 34 100.00 losing fault coverage in benchmark circuits.


As shown in Table 1, 20 MNIS does not result in a confidence interval [Pf Low , PfUp] that 0 -10 -8 -6 -4 overlaps with the golden failure rate (i.e., 10-6).

1 3 5 7 10101010Scaling f actor s PSSS the confidence interval estimated by MNIS based on importance f sampling is highly biased.


The important point though is the reliability measures must be well-balanced against performance and power concerns.

while ensuring reliable execution as much as possible, one also needs to be careful in not increasing execution cycles or power consumption excessively.


The saliency of a region is de.ned by its visual uniqueness, unpredictability, rarity and is caused by variations in image attributes, such as color, gradient, edges, and boundaries [4].

the saliency detection is not task-dependent by relies on the above rules.


These pilots highlighted a major challenge for such SDS services and perhaps ICTD projects in general that the availability of information sources which provide content for the service is a crucial aspect.

even if the means are available to communicate information to users in an efficient and affordable manner, services using these media will only be used if they contain relevant and timely information.


Experimental results show that RQL outperforms all available academic placers on the ISPD-2005 placement contest benchmarks.

rQL obtains an average wirelength improvement of 2.8%, 3.2%, 5.4%, 8.5%, and 14.6% versus mPL6 [5], NTUPlace3 [7], Kraftwerk [20], APlace2.0 [11], and Capo10.2 [18], respectively.


we have  Figure 2: The black lines represent the incoming wavefront of the source signals.


Events and subscription languages are essentially an interactive entity.

what form of events decides to have what form of subscription languages; similarly what form of subscription language also decides to what form of events.


Here, we examine a more complicated pipeline, and have not shown all the communication links.

we only show the feedback paths that we consider most important.


Any exception raised by e or in a context is regarded a crash (error t).

e or a context may also contain contract assertions, but their failure is signaled by error t .


A novel observation is employed in this paper to simplify the converter design and hence reduce the PRNS implementation complexity.

when certain moduli m =2n +1 are utilized for certain values of N, the roots of the polynomial xN -1, and the multiplicative inverses of the roots and of N in Z2n+1 a 0 ac 1 0 c a 1 b0 b1 c N 1 b Figure 1: The organization of a PRNS system.


Furthermore, we would like, if possible, to reuse memory when a value that has been stored is no longer used.

to simplify the discussion, we .rst make two assumptions: a) the n loops surrounding S have a unitary step and each operation (S,ii) creates a value that needs to be stored for a future use; b) all values created by an operation of a given statement S are stored in a unique dedicated array AS .there is no memory sharing between di.erent statements, but only between di.erent operations of the same statement (and all share the same array).


Prashant Saxena Noel Menezes Pasquale Cocchini Desmond A. Kirkpatrick {prashant.saxena, noel.menezes, pasquale.cocchini, desmond.a.kirkpatrick}@intel.com Intel Labs (CAD Research) 2111 NE 25th Ave, Hillsboro, OR 97229 USA ABSTRACT We present the results of scaling studies in the context of typical block-level wiring distributions, and study the impact of the identified trends on the post-RTL design process.

we look at the implications of exponentially increasing repeater and clocked repeater counts on the algorithms and methodologies used for logic synthesis, technology mapping, layout, and full-chip assembly, and identify several new research problems relevant to future designs.


In this work, we utilize the knowledge about the state of an object in its lifespan to direct the turning off cache lines.

we identify different states in the lifetime of an object, when it is created, last-used, becomes garbage, and is collected by the garbage collector.


It can be clearly observed that variations always result in a lower yield.

die-to-die temperature variations due to electrothermal couplings between power and temperature significantly which is further expected to degrade with technology scaling.


This is a key point, because as it will be explained in next section, RTD logic gates allow the implementation of a pipeline at the gate level.

each gate is a pipeline stage and thus it should be compare to CMOS logic styles operating in a similar way.


Since we discuss advanced commands and priority order of parallelism in SSD in Sections 4.3 and 4.4, respectively, die-level parallelism and plane-level parallelism will not be explored in this section.

the multi-plane and the interleave advanced commands will not be used, and the priority order of parallelisms will be channel-level parallelism first, followed by the chip-level parallelism.


The development of the X-ORCA architecture has drawn signi.cant inspiration from the barn owl auditory system [6], which consists of a large number of neuronal coincidence detectors that are all connected to two distinct axonal structures that connect to the leftand right ear, respectively.Akeyelementofthetwo axonal connectors is that they are anti-parallel within the auditory system.

the signals from both ears travel into opposite directions within the auditory cortex.


In this paper, wepresent an accelerated fault simulation approach that invokes dataparallelism.

both fault and pattern parallelism are exploited by our method.


The only difference is that v ES1 w ES0.

finally, SpCn+1 Cn+1 UCn+1 where p =argmax ( CSi n+1 ) i we append the larger of the sets CS0 n+1 or CS1 n+1 to Cn+1.


When the MDT noti.es the producer-set predictor of a dependence violation, the predictor inserts a dependence between the earlier instruction (the producer) and the later instruction (the consumer) by placing the two instructions in the same producer set.

the predictor places the same producer-set id in the producer and consumer table entries indexed by the producer and consumer PC s, respectively.


Finally, a well designed plan should always allow for buffer times that can be used to address unexpected circumstances or to study a site with more detailed than previously expected or to examine locations not previously considered as part of the plan.

contingencies should also be considered within the plan.


The topic has been already faced in the literature.

in [10, 9], scaling issues of Splash2 benchmarks have been analyzed.


This paper reviews a number of techniques, all based in the bio-inspired camp, that provide varying degrees of dependability over and above standard designs.

three different techniques are considered: using FPGAs and continuous evolution to circumvent faults as and when they occur, using FPGAs and ideas from developmental biology to create designs that possess emergent fault tolerant properties, and finally we consider a novel ASIC, designed and built with bio-inspired systems in-mind, and show how this too can cope with unexpected events during operation.


There do, however, exist cases in which there is an optimal policy for the attacker even if she is not aware of all correct intervals.

there exist placements of the seen correct intervals that provide the attacker with enough information to place her intervals in an optimal way.


We found that our results for the inputs inTable1 and ref inputs with coarser traces exhibited the same trends (we omit graphs for space considerations).

our results apply to other inputs, and even if perturbation was present, it did not affect our results.


Previous work [19] has shown that building commodity networkstorage systems is challenging and results in high network overheads.

although commodity systems can provide adequate raw throughput in the I/O path from server disks to application memory, storage systems are not able to exploit it fully.


In our case, we use the notion of equivalence de.ned in Section II.

we call the SPICE simulator to perform a set of simulations of circuit differential equations using u(t) derived from {ui}.If the sampled outputs {y(ih)} lie in the corresponding quantization regions de.ned for {yi} (the output of the FSM to input sequence {ui}), then we return yes , i.e., the FSM is equivalent to the differential equations.


At .rst, the calculation of the ODC of the output (i.e., ODC(z) inequation2) isperformed on the basis of the ODCs of the inputs of the immediate successors of the module.

for a module whose output z fans out to N successors, {z1,z2, ..., zN }, ODC(z)= ODC(z1) · ODC(z2) · ...ODC(zN ), that is, the ODC of output z is the intersection of the ODCs of all its fanout branches.


Then, if K has well-de£ned, bounded £rst derivatives over D, .i, k .

{1,..., n} ii  lim K(x, y)dxdy - K(x.i , x.k )aiak= 0 (27) h.0 .k .i where x.i indicates the centroid of .i and ai its area, and the convergence is linear in h. the integration error tends to zero as we increase the number of triangles, n, establishing the validity of this numerical integration technique.


Our methodology, termed here DREAMS (DFM Rule EvAluation using Manufactured Silicon), has the goal of measuring DFM rule effectiveness using information extracted from actual failed ICs.

dREAMS correlates failed-IC diagnosis results with the design s DFM rule-violation database to identify those rules (if any) that are effective in preventing failure.


poff (X)) i Note that in the above formula, we quanti.es out the primary input variables X and the resulting supports will be Y .

we attempt to utilize Y as a set of supports for p. To compute the function p from internal signals e.ciently, we do not explicitly quantify out variables X.


Circuit activity that leads to power consumption in CMOS circuits is significantly higher during test or self-test intervals [2].

in Built-In Self-Test (BIST) a large number of uncorrelated pseudorandom test vectors are applied to the circuit causing a significantly higher circuit activity compared to circuit activity during normal mode of operation.


Wickens [38] suggests that using speechbased output is less distracting than interactions with a visual display because the driving task is primarily visual.

drivers can better divide attention crossmodally between ear and eye than intramodally.


According to the de.nition of aliasing in testing area, for a single sampling point, no matter which kind of data compression, there will not be any aliasing.

we need at least take two samples in order to check the aliasing problem.


Assuming R seeds, the overall test-sequence length will be equal to: Test-sequence length = w · p · R As shown in [8], the encoding ability of an LFSR seed is enhanced when multiple LFSR cells are used instead of one, since the potential of various shifted versions of the LFSR s m-sequence is exploited.

instead of having to use new seeds for test cubes that cannot be encoded together in the same cell's vector sequence, we may embed them in different cells' sequences, which are though generated by the same seed.


Meanwhile, successfully fabricated devices have been demonstrated [4]-[8], where the fabricated graphene nano-ribbons (GNRs) can have widths below 10 nm and of high quality with fairly smooth edges.

a Si compatible, transfer-free, and in situ GNRFET fabrication method is presented in [4], demonstrating compatibility and integrability of GNRFETs with the existing Si technology available in the industry.


Using our proposed accelerator, we have implemented several such tasks and measured their performance.

the accelerator achieves 25-fold improvement on the performance of pattern matching, and 10-fold improvement for tree lookup, over optimized software solutions.


Error Transformation exploits the observation that unlike common SSDs where data errors must be corrected via the ECC mechanism built in the SSDs, if data errors are uncorrectable in SSD caches, valid data can always be retrieved from the back-end HDD array like a cache miss.

data errors are transformed into cache misses.


This improved performance reveals itself as higher resolution and frame rate.

fewer bits per texel is countered by more texels per frame and more frames per second.


The bene.ts of clustering peer subscriptions have been investigated in the context of unstructured overlays [31, 22, 9, 3].

sub-2-Sub [31] achieved clustering by organizing the subscribers to each topic into a separate ring structure.


does not make sense for analytical accuracy for simulations and computations of wireless communications.


In this approach, we de.ne a convergence group, which refers to the group of threads that are at the same PC address as the currently active threads.

although the instructions at different recursion levels can be viewed as belonging to different basic blocks, they might still execute at the same PC address.


Instead of using fault sampling during compaction to reduce the execution time, previously detected faults are periodically removed from the target fault list with the corresponding compacted vector sequence saved.

compaction is performed using only the remaining faults.


Note that the remote DGGN-R has been connected to the local DGGN-L by means a satellite system called SurfBeam, provided by Viasat Inc. whose related European service, named TOOWAY, is operated by Eutelsat.

the local DGGN-L is located in the National Laboratory of CNIT in Naples, and the remote DGGN-R is located at the DIBET Laboratory of University of Naples Federico II.


C. Power Module The performance of the MEMS-based airflow sensor is significantly affected by voltage stability.

the XBee module spikes at a current drawn for wireless data transmission, causing the voltage to become unstable.


FINAL REMARKS In their 2002 PODC tutorial [16], Keidar and Ra-jsbaum propose several open problems related to the implementation of failure detectors in partially synchro- nous systems.

they ask what is the "weak- est timing model where O$ and/or f~ are implementable but 07 ) is not".


The illegality of via v is denoted by obs(v).


As a result, the overall performance shows higher sensitivity to instruction cache size.

an 8-way processor has enough number of back-end resources to take advantage of a more complex cache while the 4-way processor does not.


Thus it is important for PE to be able to handle unforeseen types of information, and visualize that information in unanticipated ways.


Theorem 2: The solution L, generated by our technique, minimizes the difference of maximum flows across every two disjoint paths connecting a source to a destination node (with tolerance of e = 1/k - minimal-skew).

it minimized the difference of traffic across the most highly congested links in the two paths.


When the SPST adder/subtractors are equipped, the power dissipation of the proposed design is reduced to 9.83 mW.

the proposed SPST can save about 31.9% power dissipation at the cost of about 20.9% area increment when applied to the proposed efficient multi-transform design.


This collection comprises some of the most .negrained movement data collected for zebras, and has helped give biologists new insights into the daily home ranges of different zebras, how they interact and overlap.

to our knowledge, this is the .rst night-time data collected for zebras, which allows biologists to pose and answer questions about how zebra movements di.er from day to night.


We add a new function that maps a combination of an application s input quality setting and the hardware fault rate to the application s output quality.

for a target output quality qo and an input quality setting qi, quality(qi, rate)= qo.


Therefore, in spite of using a global optimization method, their algorithms failed to obtain a true optimal design since they didn t include the whole design space available.

including the weak inversion region and, specially, the moderate inversion region where optimal designs usually are.


Suppose that Pmax is the initial maximum power, P is the optimal power achieved by (2) at a specific RAT , and d the vector of 1 optimal allocated slacks.

the following optimization problem (3) is equivalent to (2): min .di st.. s d =P -P .ii max (3) o PO AT =RAT, for .. o ATi =AT j + di +d , for j () 0 i ..FI i if d denotes allocated slacks for (3), it can be shown 2 that =()=Pd dd , and Pd ( ) is a minimum power solution at 1212 the specified RAT .


The learned model is then deployed in production to predict the termination point when testing future ICs of the same type.

when an IC is tested, for each new failing pattern observed, the prediction model is invoked to determine if sufficient data has been collected for producing a quality diagnosis.


Case 2:when EAT1 =LATv -B and EAT2 =LATv -B Since LATv -EAT2 =B, we can safely remove ADB2 without violating skew constraint.

with a2 = 0, if LAT1 =LAT2, LAT1 -EAT2 =B and LAT1 -EAT1 =B, which means LAT2 -EAT1 =B.


a scienti.c experiment like LHC at CERN) and are willing to provide their resources for forwarding of data to other sites.

the applicability of these concepts is more suitable in a virtual organization (VO) like setting.


Only 512 4-bit counters are needed in a 32K bytes L1 cache with 64-byte data blocks.


In this paper we describe tools and networks designed to collect SSH remote administration tra.c as well as relevant results obtained for its classi.cation.

our tool identi.es remote management tra.c out of other SSH encoded applications with accuracy up to 90.34 Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2 [Computer communication networks]: Miscellaneous; C.2.0 [General]: Security network security General Terms Performance, security  Keywords Tra.c analysis, Secure SHell, machine learning 1.


By studying Fischer s work, differences between landline and mobile telephony also become clear.

we observe that a major difference between the social milieux of the fledgling days of landline and mobile telephony is the agency of privacy violation.


The second, the group mobility which doesn't bring topology change, can be ignored.

the high absolute speed of vehicles can be ignored if there is no topology change.


Our algorithm assumes the ability to perform live variable data.ow analysis, in order to .nd IN and OUT sets of sections of code [8].

the IN set is the set of data values that are required to go into a code fragment either because they may be used inside, or because they may need to be relayed to a successor of that fragment.


By considering multi-cycle paths, the timing constraints could be relaxed.

the minimal clock period could be shorter than the delay of the multi-cycle path.


According to the de.nition, the covering input constraint Icis a property over IA, such that Ic:(AV R).

it is stronger than the coverage hole in the RTL speci.cation and no other property over IAwhich is weaker than Ichas the same characteristic.


3.1 Translation to Constraint Graphs Once a global .oorplanner or chip architect has produced a .oorplan, each module has been given a particular location within the .xed outline.

the upper-left corner of any module Mi (having dimensions wi ×hi) is assigned a coordinate (xi,yi) indicating its absolute position.


The end-to-end perturbation for HPMs is within the standard deviation of the executions without HPMs.

end-to-end perturbation is 0.23% for Cyc, 0.26% for InstCmpl, and 0.74% for EeO., which is less than the standard deviation for executions without HPMs: 0.39% for Cyc, 0.41% for InstCmpl, and 1.02% for EeO..


The work reported in [2, 20] leads into this direction, but it was written from a scheduling point of view.

the requirements of multiple control systems were established and it was evaluated if all of them can be executed on a common processor.


Finally, as already noted, another significant output of DREAMS is an inherent improvement in the diagnostic resolution.


However, .P has to be determined a-priori so that its .nal value is not the result of an optimization problem.

the cost of meeting the margin on performances is not traded o. with the potential improvements in system performances, i.e.


Model In this section we review how ideas from basis pursuit (Chen et al., 1998) have been extended to audio scene analysis with autoregressive models as dictionary elements (Nakashizuka, 2008; Cho & Saul, 2009).

2.1. Review of basis pursuit Basis pursuit (BP) is a popular method for decomposing a signal xx into an optimal superposition of dictionary elements {xsi}K BP computes a i=1.


Furthermore, only the power values at the nominal frequency are used to train uI(F) as described in Section 3.3.

the power values calculated not at the nominal frequencies are not involved in any part of the training process of uI(F) (and thus P (F)) - they are clean to test the accuracy of P (F).


Much of the related work on online social networks, with the exception of [4,16,19] (discussed in detail in Section 4), has focussed on other aspects such as structural properties, user behavior, and information dissemination (e.g., see [1, 5, 6, 10, 12 15, 20]), and have not considered the social phenomena mentioned above.

one contribution of our work is to demonstrate how age, proximity bias, and group af.iation may augment the well-known preferential attachment model.


2d shows how the second valley voltage ( V v * 2 ) is obtained when the current of RTD2 is equal to valley current of RTD1 (f1·Iv).

the first peak and the first valley are due to the RTD which area factor is smaller, whereas the second peak and valley are caused by the other RTD.


We observe the same e.ect for acoustic features.

class-based spectral features will give better regressions on arousal and power than turn-level features.


For the second GP program for non-critical cells, all cells with a slack larger than a threshold are sizable cells in NC, and all outputs are included into the GP problem.


From HFSS simulation we obtain the scattering parameters (S11 and S12) used for computing the Friis formula and then for calculating the attenuation introduced by the wireless medium.

s11 is also used for determining the antenna bandwidth as discussed in the following subsection.


Inevitably, there are overheads associated with the resources needed to support and control the many parallel processing cores.

increased parallelism necessarily increases silicon area usage for computation and memory, which must be addressed by increasing chip dimensions or the number of chips in a system options that both result in tradeoffs in packaging cost and form factor.


This is achieved by utilizing design optimization techniques at different levels of abstraction.

user-specific critical parameters are identified at the algorithmic level and are explicitly used along with multiplier-less implementations at the architecture level.


The proposed memory circuit can be used as a lookup table in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and is modeled by a passive nanoelectronic crossbar comprising resistive switches (RS) as memory elements.

resistive switches which are based on the electrochemical metallization effect (ECM) are assumed.