In DSRT as well as in CPUReserve, processing reservations are implemented by temporizers which, upon expiring, handle the priorities of client applications on the current Operating System.

also due to the fact that CPUReserve runs at user level, it can su.er interference from other priority-changing processes in the applicationsbeing managed (nice-type commands, for example).


The programming model is presented at the level of abstraction a programmer needs to understand in order to write programs.

atomic operations are also used when there is a value dependence via the shared state.


The objects of the virtual environment are marked with the cycles, while the value of these cycles represents the DoI value for each object.

the partitioning problem is related to the efficient assignment of the workload to the servers of the system.


When a frame loss occurs, the decoder cannot update its state, resulting in a divergence of encoder and decoder state.

that means that past no loss events do not affect the loss process as much as past loss events.


Due to the way VeriSoft handles the initial state, the initial values of the monitored variables cannot be extracted using VeriSoft and included in the trace .le.


This type inference algorithm has been implemented in the generic programming language D G E N [18], a  (x: .a.t ) .


3.1 Characterizing Architectural Styles Traditionally, architectural styles have been described in terms of constraints on (1) processing and (2) data components, (3) connectors, and (4) their configurations [9].

although there are many techniques for analyzing and describing styles, Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.


The key insight of EMS64 is the observation that the 64-bit address space is very large and mostly empty.

for 458.sjeng, Umbra-AD has 10.34× slowdown, which implies that the code cache size has a signi.cant impact on this benchmark.


VM-FIT implements total ordering of client requests in the trusted component.

the COCA [12] system applies proactive recovery in an intrusion-tolerant certi.cation authority.


Science gateways are increasingly used to interface scientists with their computations and their data.

the centralised approach overcomes security restrictions of some clusters, in which computational jobs cannot be submitted externally.


It saves significant upgrade cost and time.

client nodes connect to a web service at a public node for registration, authentication, user search and billing.


Design Considerations for an App Server Note that GCM is just a messaging capability that can handle large-scale notifications to mobile devices.

[22] TestFlight: Beta Testing On The Fly.


4.4.4 Rewriting R-values At the level of desugaring for r-values, almost all the module-related constructs have been replaced with plain assignments or no-ops as the .rst four cases in Figure 17 show.

with the advent of Dynamic HTML [18], Web 2.0 [30], and most recently HTML5 [1], JavaScript is now being used on a much larger scale than intended.


However, in terms of comparisons between variable values in execution traces to prospective invariants, the savings of reporting invariants early was, on average, 50%.

all of these quintessentially experimentation-related notions are present in our experimental program analysis de.nitions, and the utility of including them is supported [11].


It supports polymorphism and g~eatly unifies concepts.

it makes it possible to propose a high-leveL object query language.


The concept of paradigm refers to the nature of innovation activities that characterize the technical change and its impact and interaction with the environments: economic, institutional and social.

regard to document our analysis and based on estimates made by the INEGI have that in 2010 the number of computer users was 38.9 million and Internet users 32.8 million.


By Lemma 13, the assertions length(S)= ki are executed at most once for each i.


Webmedia '12, October 15 - 18 2012, São Paulo, Brazil Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1706-1/12/10 $15.00 response to the first generation of GoogleTV devices were negative, reaching the staggering point where one of the manufacturers announced that more than 50% of the devices sold were returned due to buyer s dissatisfaction1.

no mention to the use of components on Ginga-J is made, neither is explored the possibility of using the component-based approach to personalize applications on this environment.


Section 2 gives an overview of the model-driven develop- ment process.

we add a NAC which prevents the application of the rule in cases where the edge between the R and the U node already exists.


L""~SteoK =, [----~Full Solution I~-"~ Problem2 I I I~"-~ PmblemM I~]'"(~] T opic.2 |I .-.

any student class in Numerical Methods should include some coding of numerical methods by using a programming language.


Then, propagations through assignments A (at lines 29, 35, 39, and 45) will be disallowed when the source is START to model just the backward .ows.

our analysis says that * p and * q may alias because of the assignments from e. this situation arises only if: e is never initialized, whichisabug; oralways null, in which case all uses of e could be renamed to null via constant propagation.


many innovative approaches, such as training [23] and interleaving testing [27, 34, 42], have been proposed to address the false positive problem in concurrency bug detection.


Four entirely new implementations of R6RS had been developed, with no support for the R5RS or previous standards; one of those (Ypsilon) had been completed and two others (Ikarus and IronScheme) were complete enough to run some R6RS programs.

because contemporary dialects of Lisp evaluated operators di.erently from operands and did not guarantee proper tail recursion.


The energy-e.cient speed (denoted by fee) is computed as the speed that minimizes the system energy, by considering only CPU energy and device active energy consumption.


The corresponding operation in our scheme is to .ush the prediction cache.

as shown in Figure 6, the scheduler schedules all instructions within a sequence before it moves onto the next sequence.


2002]; this paper attempts to simplify my own previous work and take it beyond typestate checking to the more challenging context of behavioral program veri.cation.

in JavaSyp we explicitly indicate consumed permissions by setting the borrowed attribute in permission annotations to false .


Also, general and specific CS problem-solving aspects, like correctness and efficiency of algorithms, are raised and discussed.

we believe that an appropriate scaffolding teacher- training is necessary in order to achieve the adoption of the pattern-based instruction approach by the CS teaching community.


TagSense [3] is a system for coordinating the mobile phone sensors and processing the sensed information to tag images.

our system concerned a variety of information components such as space, time, season, device s metadata and is built on smart phones.


INTRODUCTION Clock synchronization is a fundamental building block of distributed systems.

later on, a series of papers addressed the clock synchronization problem in both models using deterministic algorithms.


The results of the map tasks are directly pushed via the broker network to the appropriate reduce tasks where they get buffered until the execution of the reduce computation.

we also present some of the new applications that we have developed and their performances.


This year, we saw GPU platforms entering the field to take the Absolute Performance Prize by a wide margin.

the contestants are also allowed to make use of existing IPs available to them.


a major problem within SE is that significant proportions of both industry and academia have been less than positive towards professional issues.


A key feature of our approach is that we can write such system-level code relevant only to a particular transformation in plain Python as well.

python like many languages not speci.cally designed with type inference in mind does not possess a type system that allows much useful information to be derived about variables based on how they are used; only on how they were produced.


4.2 Evaluation Process We compare the presented approach to random data generation.

the result is a Boolean expression where all left-hand sides equal m, i.e., imposing constraints only on method m. Any Boolean 1. build a map: method.post-condition (postcond ) of method 2. derive requested state of the mock object from the pre-condition of the method under test (precond ) (a) split pre-condition in conjunction of subconditions (subcond ) where each Boolean expression in one sub-condition references always the same method: subcond1 && ... && subcondn =.precond (b) update map to: method.subcond && postcond  3. generate return value that satis.es the speci.cation 4. generate Java code  Figure 3: From Design by ContractTM to mock behavior.


For 7 components, this percentage was higher than 90%.

3.3 Transfer Functions We associate a map Sn : V .L with each CFG node n; here Lis the lattice described earlier.


Figure 3: The revolve on top of the box uses an edge as an axis.

in this paper, our goal is to provide support for one-dimensional user selections that serve as feature arguments in feature-based data exchange systems.


[20] B. Urgaonkar, A. Rosenberg, P. Shenoy, and A. Zomaya.

while validating our model, we use performance data when multiple components run together in the system.


Optimizing matlab through just-in-time specialization.

the optimizations that we can perform are more extensive: we trade generality for over-specialization.


Indeed, if many people are moving between those points, it may demonstrate an important thoroughfare in an area.

in the special situation of a disaster, interest-based networks (such as Twitter, where communities form around interests rather than purely social ties) are particularly interesting to victims to meet and organise themselves.


There was basically only very general guidelines for architecture presentation that should adhere to the state-of-practice architecture documentation.

sWAB was developed and applied internally at NSN while this study is about SWAB by a means of a case study research approach [31, 26].


As nodes becomehighly mobile,theprobability oflinkfailureincreases.

our analysis are based on the comparison of several cross-layer mechanisms that we have introduced to improve application performance under speci.c scenario characteristics.


This work is motivated by the need to enhance the reliability of low-cost and low-endurance .ash memory.

note that the healing count of a block is the number of healing operations applied to the block, and the erase count of a block indicates the number of erases that the block has endured after the last time it was healed.


In contrast, the ratio for foo could be coincidental and could easily change dramatically with more observations.

it consists of an emitter, a retriever, an annotation propagator, and one or more checking extensions.


The subscription model is deceptively simple.

figure 1: Network Model  3.2 Update Recent Statuses When joining the system, a new node setups its Pastry routing table and then utilizes the underlying infrastructure to fetch the updated statuses of its followings.


This results in exploiting the contention coordination mechanism against the MAC protocol which can range from selfish exploitation to malicious network disruptions [6].

it is a measure of the number Connectivity 0.71 0.7 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 of pairs of nodes that have at least one key common between them out of the total number of possible pairs of nodes.


There are multiple reasons why goals must be made explicit in the requirements engineering process [31].

this paper is concerned with the much less explored, upstream problem of refining declarative goals into operational software specifications at requirements engineering time.


Fortunately, a combination of SC and IC allows us to use the system in a much cleaner way.

a compilation unit consists of any sequence of toplevel declarations, including signature and functor declarations.2 since Standard ML lacks syntactically expressible signatures, some units cannot be separately compiled from one another.


They fail to mention whether it has been implemented, and which practical results could be obtained from this approach.

for this purpose, the transformation process is restarted at the bound instruction and continued until the required portions of the result tree have been produced.


In this context, UNBOUND support for telescopes is essential.

sometimes we would like to know all free names, no matter what their sort.


The specifcation language will be improved and/or derived from another existing specifcation language.

it is nothing more than a tree representing a set of trees, by using a special node labeled by 0 which is called node of choice.


In the next step, the Speech Model is transformed (with tool support) into the toolkit-and platform-dependent con.guration .les.

based on that, we elaborate on semi-automatic support for single modalities and present it for speech interfaces and the new modality Motion Cue.


3 The change in the message size does change the performance, but PBFT is still leading.

asynchronous consensus and broadcast protocols.


Well, pairing an extra element with a BTree corresponds to the species X B.

species composition For example, R = X (L .


This is represented using the AndPattern, so a case of the form: case { z:Valuable -> ... z.value ... } results in the construction of the pattern AndPattern.new(VariablePattern.new("z"), Valuable) This pattern will succeed when the target of the match has the methods de.ned in the Valuable type, and will result in the variable z being bound to the target in the body of the block.

in Grace it is possible to ignore static types completely, introduce them in the middle of the course, mix dynamically and statically typed code, or to begin with strict static type checking on day one.


in particular, if we know the unique identi.ers in the k × k region Rv around v (shaded area), we know the local output of node v. there is a dominating set D * which contains only a fraction 1/7 of the internal nodes; see Figure 1b.


[4] M. Bebenita, F. Brandner, M. Fahndrich, F. Logozzo, W. Schulte, N. Tillmann, and H. Venter.

unlike a Gazelle kernel subverted by domain X,asubverted Atlantis instance kernel can only tamper with data belonging to domain X.


The run-time spawns a number of kernel-level threads, which are used either as execution vehicles, or as helper threads.

moreover they target CUDA and PTX instead of OpenCL codes.


An additional cost of per-operation validation might thus be required to guarantee that Ti always observes a consistent state.10 We make use of opacity to precisely determine when invisible reads indeed induce a high operation complexity.

uses invisible reads if no base shared object is modi.ed when a transaction performs a read-only operation on a shared object.


Each workshop lasts for approximately 2 hours and has 3 phases, adapted from the definition of a creative process as proposed by Wallas [24].

the software analysis points out two issues not addressed during the workshops, nonetheless relevant to the design process.


The gray nodes can be eliminated safely because their children contain all information.

this is not correct for precise trace analysis but useful for demonstrative purposes since it limits our trace analysis to 21 code elements instead of thousands of them (see also Section 4.2).


We will further focus on several selected approaches that are applied for improved defect detection before starting with integration test and system test.

: +32-3-240-4081; e-mail: christof.ebert@alcatel.be Abstract Global software development challenges traditional techniques of software engineering, such as peer reviews or teamwork.


Determining how (or if) a control state q transitions to a control state q 1, requires knowing a path taken to the state q.

the payoff is an order-of-magnitude reduction in analysis time and an order-of-magnitude increase in precision.


Also this helped in coming up with solutions which touched all project segments and enabling functions of the business units.

the fact that the addition of new processes happen on an ongoing basis makes it difficult to keep the right balance of process heaviness on a continuous basis.


For example, suppose some software product is only distributed in a basic version.

our contribution consists of (1) feature modules: MDP-like models for the operational featuredependent behavior of the components and their interactions,  (2) a parallel operator for feature modules that represents the parallel execution of independent actions by interleaving, supporting communication according to the handshaking principle and over shared variables, and (3) a feature controller: an MDP-like model for the potential dynamic switches of feature combinations.


Naturally, content distribution with peer-to-peer technology is of great importance for our work [4].

identities with security measures, GSM numbers, and online banking accounts.


We are currently using our program families-based approach in maintenance experiments to assess a technique we previously invented for modularizing synchronization concerns, called Szumo [1].

a number of challenges make it dif.cult to perform trials that accurately simulate maintenance, and are also analyzable and controllable.


The .rst bar Auto represents the speedup at the concurrency level selected by our concurrency selector.

there are still slots that are not used when proc B and proc C are called.


is a non-negative integer .TCCycleResult.


Norms(such asDO-178B[12] for avionics) establish a hierarchy of levels of safety requirements, depending on the severity of the consequences of a failure of the system.

a.ne-grained model of the controller would be di.cult to write, di.cult to decompose into atomic actions, and would unduly complicate the analysis.


Additional SpaceIDs can be useful for purposes that are either orthogonal to or outside the scope of C4 (e.g., stack-local and frame local allocation space identi.ers, such as those described in [17]).

the tests were all executed on the same hardware setup; a 2 socket, 12 core Intel x5680 server with 96GB of memory.


In the access permissions methodology, this indicates an exclusive modifying permission that can coexist with other read-only permissions.

in all three cases, other program invariants not expressed in PLURAL guarantee that the call to next will not fail at run-time because the underlying collection is known to be non-empty.


Designing and weaving aspect-oriented executable uml models.

it is frequently needed to review the requirements matrix, as identi.ers regarding the same property may be di.erent.


Towards Autonomic Computing Middleware via Reflection, Proceedings 28th ACM COMPSAC Conference on Computer Software and Applications (COMPSAC 2004), Vol.

over a decade ago, Shaw compared a software design method based on process control to an object-oriented design method [21].


When the rank of the access matrix of an array reference is less than the iteration space dimensionality of the statement in which it is accessed, the array is said to have an order of magnitude (or higher-order) reuse due to the reference.

in our further discussion, we refer to the number of simultaneous requests to a bank as degree of bank con.icts.


(3)We arrange our presentation according to the individual stages along the design, and give comparison and examples to show related benefit in each section.

one thing inevitable is that the speed of dynamic language based DSDL could be much slower, but the trade off for design productivity is worthwhile.


In many cases, inner classes are extremely convenient and eliminate the need to define top-level classes.

this paper describes an alternative approach to the concerns raised by Java s design.


Meanwhile, the mobile player cannot control directly his avatar movements.

the Content Adaptation Service is responsible for sending the current player game state, in accordance with his current context.


of the 27th Annual International Symposium on Microarchitecture, pages 63 74, Nov. 1994.

operations with the same height are considered together to achieve an optimal placement rather than being scheduled separately.


We call the 1Groovy SQL: http://docs.codehaus.org/display/ GROOVY/Tutorial+6+-+Groovy+SQL.

parsing algorithms that support arbitrary CFGs are the SGLR [22], GLL [7], and Earley [4] algorithm.


We would like to thank our reviewers for their recommendations on our work.

the result is an integrated framework for an interpretive and positivist understanding (see Figure 1).


For the sake of generality, one could argue that the online strategy that uses the dynamic preconditions instead of the regular preconditions of a QuickCheck state machine can actually be used in all cases.

only once the whole sequence has been generated it is actually executed.


Fault classification from a Hewlett Packard division system 28 99 ,~]l~tailed Design   L~tluirements ~mentation ~a Handli~ i 6%ILo~ic I :32% This historical fault classification can be useful as long as the same process and activities are executed and as long as the recording of the type of fault provides true insight into the nature of the fault.

the integration test detection method contained the highest three total efforts of the 483 reports that had recorded effort information.


The overhead of sending events to k additional nodes is signi.cant.

preconditions might be that the cooldown for that action must not be active, the target must be in range and enough resources must be available.


Events from the asynchronous event queue are processed by a special thread.

such an approach corresponds to system analysis using sampling-based tools: Metrics such as latency, throughput or memory consumption are monitored.


If itispossible to solve APFP for n = 3 robots, then LEP is solvable too.

the cohort can distinguish a robot (potentially different to the leader) among those nearest to the center of the smallest enclosing circle.


If a large k is chosen, pieces fail to be prefetched in the order of predicted use, resulting in expensive cache misses.

the .rst major discrepancy is that p2p_p s actual performance is roughly 1.5x slower than predicted by the model (although here constraint P (t) = M(t)decreases the impact of Equation (15) s early over-estimation of piece diversity).


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.

because the node is contributing signi.cantly to the system, the recovery time is very brief the node .nds a new location in the tree in under 6 seconds.


Our strategy is inspired by the idiom commonly used for SDN applications today [12, 13, 27], in which an event-driven program manually installs a rule to handle future traf.c every time a packet is diverted to the controller.


In this paper I draw on Science and Technology Studies (STS) to engage an ontological reconceptualization [25] of the problem of how to mobilize ethnography in design.

we could explore and experiment with emergent forms of medication management instead of working to make a descriptive, retrospective analysis of (current forms of) medication management.


If the CAS succeeds, the thread must sleep and attempts to leave the lock queue.

for the same reason, pthread_mutex does not become overloaded and performs as well as load control.


In the context of tiled architectures, spatial resources are tiles and in the case of aNOC routers.

this step uses heuristics to look ahead towards communication, but does not have exact knowledge of the statusof the complete NOC.


These simple methods, together with the powerful query facilities described in Sect.

not only read and take, but also write may block, waiting until there is space in the container for the additional entries.


The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes a simplified web application which is used as an example for analysis and improvement throughout the paper.

when resources have finite multiplicities, there will be waiting time incurred in the model.


Runtime Synthesis of High-Performance Code from Scripting Languages Christopher Mueller and Andrew Lumsdaine Indiana University {chemuell,lums}@osl.iu.edu Abstract Scripting languages are ubiquitous in modern software engineering and are often used as the sole language for application development.

the code for creating and using the addi instruction is: addi = Instruction((14, D, A, SIMM)) inst = addi(3, 1, 42) D, A, and SIMM are Field objects that contain the proper bit shifting information for destination, source, and constant .elds, respectively.


Figure 4 Representation of contexts in SC code.

we are interested in creating the first level of screening of cardiac pathologies both in a Hospital environment by a doctor (using a digital stethoscope) and at home by the patient (using a mobile device).


Let a ' be the execution from C ' in which b starts in state s and follows p s algorithm, and all other Byzantine processes send no messages.

we now describe the Byzantine agreement protocol.


The advantage is that the tools helped create a wider variety of puzzles, including the Door Unlock puzzle type, where players do not have access to a specific area until they solve a puzzle.

filters derived from user-defined constraints.


The control plane performs device discovery, manages the I/O devices, and assigns devices to guest virtual machines of a VM realm.

noHype cannot adjust resources partition between virtual machines dynamically because each guest virtual machine controls hardware directly.


6.2.4 A Component-based Classi.er A natural structure for pro ject teams is based on the components of a system.

as we are interested in the shape of the line, the values are not as important as the relative di.erences between trials.


The implementation of rule based-system for mathematical problems requires that the application of the rules eventually terminate.

in Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, the granularity of the evaluation takes place at the elemental level and hence they permit on - the- fly acceptance of elements thereby providing high concurrency in the implementation.


Anzere is a novel yet practical system: we have shown it in action in trials across phones, laptops, desktop PCs, EC2 and PlanetLab.

anzere represents a solution also for those users who primarily deal with their own physical devices.


STG: a tool for generating symbolic test programs and oracles from operational speci.cations.

another pair of such mutants were in the Withdraw transaction class.


On JS22 and the Nehalem platforms, we used the systems in SMT (simultaneous multithread) mode which implies that we would run twice the number of copies as the number of cores in the system.

iCPE 11, Month 14-16, 2011, Karlsruhe, Germany.


this information is then extrapolated to predict future behavior.


Each node adds its ID to the query message when it sends the message to its neighbors.

it takes 4 steps for the proxy cache system to stop forwarding messages using the TTL-based message routing protocol.


Trivial Solution for a Non-Trivial Problem in MANETs Awadhesh Kumar Singh Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136119, India  +91-9416570992 aksinreck@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT The wireless communication has earned much popularity, in the recent past.

subsequently, nodes sends AM to leader node 6, refer Figure.


If a strategy has worked in the past, it may still fail in the future.

describe more patterns to lower these contribution barriers [Wolff-Marting et al.


the call site of P in M is not completely inlinable.


The suspend/resume operations incur a much smaller overhead as compared to connect/disconnect operations.

permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.


The second category includes methods that transforms data, changing their layouts.

for a naive implementation, a slow down of 10-130 is measured depending on the communication distance among threads, while code similarity (as a measure of complexity) is less than 2% in most cases.


By accessing Cassandra under one of these three modes, both Assumption 1 and Assumption 3 are satis.ed.

1Cassandra requires the application to provide a timestamp for each write operation and orders entity versions according to this timestamp.


This leads to the conclusion that a message with .xed contents will either be very large or not be able to meet all application requirements.

the message dispatcher on the vehicle will only send IVW data when triggered by a violation event -and will then send at the frequency illustrated in Column 4 in Table 2.


[a] sieve (a : b : cs)= b : sieve cs sieve = [] we automatically get > bff sieve "abcdefg" "123" "a1c2e3g" (Note that sieve abcdefg = bdf .)

first, we need an appropriate template manufacture.


This action uses the DeactivationMonitor class which waits until the fragmenting aspect has processed all accepted messages.

this adaptation scenario s from Section 4.


In our tool demonstration, our plugin visualizes semantic di.erences between a pair of methods involved in an open source software (see Figure 5 and 6).

textual or syntactic di.erence is insu.cient to give clear idea which code fragment realizes a single functionality in Java methods.


It de.nes basic types (short, byte, float, double, string, ...), structured types (struct, sequence, array) and provides signatures for interface types, fully specifying each operation s parameters.

we omit the implementation details and touch only upon the constructs that are mapped in a conceptually di.erent manner than in the C++ case.


moreover, if speculation is aborted, so is the Cherry cycle, and vice versa.


4.3.2 Two-Dimensional Parallelization The original MPI version of CG implements two-dimensional parallelization.

these versions are implemented using only the global-view pro-Figure 10.


The mapping is then used to route the publications to a potentially matching subscription.

in contrast to traditional DHTs, where the keys bear no semantic meaning, the n-tuple store encapsulates the multidimensionality of the information in its key.


This association doesnt have strong clue about the candidate design pattern categories.

behavioral patterns provide solutions for interactions between entities.


The core problem of using traces is that the size of the complete trace of a program is typically too large and time consuming to generate.

this gave a baseline of 128 loops that were vectorized.


3.2 Difficulty in Reproducing the Compilation As we mentioned earlier, the user invokes a virtual machine to run an application, which in turn invokes a dynamic compiler.

in this paper, we propose a new approach, called replay JIT compilation, which can reproduce the same compilation remotely by using two compilers, the state-saving compiler and the replaying compiler.


((a .b)W c)), ((a .b) .¬c)U c } Table 5: UFC obligations for ((a .b) U c)  3.2 Automatically Generating Requirements-Based Tests Several research e.orts have developed techniques for automatic generation of tests from formal models using model checkers as test case generation tools [22, 23, 20, 11].

we are primarily concerned with the positive set of test cases for a formula.


As such, they seem like a perfect candidate for inclusion as reusable components in frameworks, infrastructure software, etc.

the ACIs are hierarchical, and may contain several (related) sub-interfaces.


there the authors provide a fully asynchronous reply primitive.


Anchor 0 is the only anchor on the Candidate List, so the lemma holds.

any future computation of Anchor 0's output is redundant.


1..h Otherwise, there exists a node C with no entrant edges.

= Ø .C , constructor(T1 x1 ... Tn xn){f1=e1 ... fk=ek}.


Again we show the effect of enabling one edict at a time, and we show the size of the optimized, original middleware in each group of bars.

by using edicts to select features at compile time, we create a version of JacORB more suited to resource-constrained environments.


4 most clusters, we found that their member-locations were widely scattered in space, and hence, were unusable as a landmark.

the second level separates the constant velocity classes (stairs and escalator) from the other two classes (walking and stairs) based on the variance of the acceleration.


However,itis worth to note that cache may analysisis usedin agenericfashionin ordertosupport con.gurable cache associativities.

our code positioning heuristic is based on a greedy approach.


We have taken this safer option intentionally as reflective operations play a fundamental role during translation to/from SQL.

public abstract aspect DatabaseAccess { private static Connection dbconnection; I private static string dbURL; ~abstract pointcut establishconnectionO; abstract pointcut closeconnectionO;  [public abstract string getOatabaseuRLO; I public abstract string getOriverNameO; pointcut traplnstantiationsO: call(PersistentRoot+.new(..)); pointcut trapupdates(PersistentRoot obj): !cflow(call(public static vector  SQLTranslation,getobjects(aesultset, string))) (this(obj) execution(public void PersistentROOt+.set*(..))  ); p ointcut trapRetrievals( ): call(vector Persistentoata.get*(..)); public static PersistentOata getPersistentOataO { ... } pointcut trapOeletes(PersistentRoot obj): this(obj) execution(public void PersistentRoot+.deleteO); pointcut detectoeletedobjects(PersistentRoot obj): this(obj) (execution(public * PersistentRoot+.get*(.,)) [I execution(public * PersistentRoot+.set*(,.


3.1.3 Preconditions We follow [32, 49, 50] that there are no obsolete tests in the test suite left.

starting from the logged CIDs in each trace executed by a web test, we can compare the CIDs to those obtained from the comparison of the two program versions.


In software model checking, programs are usually veri.ed by means of test scenarios [4].

first, to consider only valid feature selections, a precondition with the feature model needs to be added to every method (either directly, or as an invariant).


One possibility is to specify every .ow in a stand-alone sequence diagram.

4.2 Flow Pro.le In this section we de.ne a UML pro.le to extend the UML 2.0 sequence diagram to apply them to this speci.c domain (Fig.


After locating relative nodes, we do local search on the slave node.

as the slave node accumulates more and more data update operations, node cubes may need to be updated since the data distribution within a node cube may be sparse or uneven again.


on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing.

one of the main aims of SOA is to reuse services developed by external and third-party providers [14].


For the former, the usability and effectiveness of FabCode will be evaluated with users and the results will be used to give direction to the design of FabCode.

we skipped giving blocks of cuboid, sphere, cylinder, pyramid etc., instead encouraging the user to think of how these can be made from the blocks provided.


We de.ned an intersection as any point where three or more segments connect.

many users found the diagonal hints to be too complex.


A process box name (or more simply, box name) may only appear as a label for a box, or inside a process region of a box.

the differ- ences in the various process algebras are not great enough to require substantially different diagrams.


We are going to test these hypotheses on a converted bundle of existing popular packages.

3.2 Tagging There are three levels at which we can tag our code: 1.


I (inr n) Note, however, that we need to parameterize VecF by a natural number, since the code depends on the particular value of the index.

2.8 Arbitrarily indexed datatypes The index types of a functor need not be .nite types.


with the Indian Pine data set, the SIM measure is the best out of three different measures tested if the number of features used greater than three.


The .rst statement of speci.cation Consumer 2 is a while statement.

in the automatic programming system Amphion, users interact with the system through a GUI that is determined by domain knowledge [13].


Condor_javad can specify the types of messages that are allowed or denied to be sent (condor_config).

an easy way for end users to manage job submission to multiple Condor pools is a key requirement and a challenge.


In the service layer, the appliance exports its control interfaces as a set of services.

moreover, preProcess() and postProcess() are implemented respectively before and after device Method().


it may be misleading if the approximate set is non-convex [11].


Practical guideline for boosting java server performance.

the use of Java for scientific parallel programming has to face with the large overheads caused by the inter- pretation of the bytecodes, that leads to unacceptable per- formances.


is because disks are still far more beneficial in capacity per cost and have high I/O bandwidth.

[4] proposed a multiple-speed disk technique called dynamic rotations per minute (DRPM) for disk array based servers, which exploits access patterns that exhibit short idle intervals.


Object replication strategies in content distribution networks.

weknow a recently suspendedAppServwill notbeactivatedfor along(in computing terms) time, and will likely be paged out eventually anyway.


Unlike glue code, no programming is involved in such bindings, which merely build explicit traceability links that enable the automated instrumentation of the tests generated from a system s contracts in the IUT, as explained later.

in this paper, we explore a scenario-based approach to model-driven testing.


3.2 Larger Experiments We study a more representative sets of data using various kinds of values chosen as well-known error-prone problems, i.e.

in double precision, we have, for N =10 : s=0.9990234375 s1 =0.9990234375 s2 =0.99609375 and it happens that s1 is far more precise than s2.


[2] S. Becker, H. Koziolek, and R. Reussner.

we are interested in the performance of a Business Reporting System (BRS) for a subset of supermarkets.


Among other reasons, the compensation heterogeneity of those methods is a central real-world barrier that makes such a dynamic switching capability dif.cult, if not impossible.

these tokens become the currency of that operator and are pegged to a real-world currency using a set exchange-rate.


There are a couple of limitations in the naive Bayesian approach.

we reduce the problem of estimating the prior probability of a path to estimating the prior probability of each ontology edge.


Let CP EFM= .... .... ......................  figuration is a double COF = configuration.


Half the participants wanted the robot to be very insistent in reminding them to take the medication, as expressed in the remark I would want the robot to stand right there until I took the medication...if you needed to have your medication at a certain time, it needs to make sure that you take it at that time.

the post-demonstration data showed significant preference for human assistance for this task (Z = 2.11, p < 0.05).


AsmM associates an ASM to a terminal model m conforming to A.

8A static feature may have di.erent values for di.erent featuring classi.ers, or the same value for all featuring classi.ers.


They allow automatic affect classification, but usually produce low classification results and need a wide number of texts for training.

emotion: a psychoevolutionary synthesis.


Now that all operands (real and virtual) have been assigned a set of dimensions, the system will examine each operation node in the tree and create the set of equations (1).

both projects offer insights in the different techniques that can be applied to guide the process of search through empirical execution of different implementations.


Notice that the total optimization time depends signi.cantly on the application.

at least three independent studies have shown that the most e.cient processor for a given application is dependent both on application characteristics and input-data [9 11].


Process Algebra, volume 18 of Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science.

a case corresponds to a possible activity which may be executed.


For example, feature Composition Mode is relevant in the context of four use cases (labeled as the design parameters 5 to 8).

number of Features per Use Case (NFU) is used for quantifying how many features are tangled within a speci.c use (a) 1 Composition mode 2 Structured data operations 3 Folder management 4 Content type 5 Create and send a message 6 Receive a message 7 Select and display a message 8 Con.gure composition mode 9 Manage user de.ned folders 1 x x x x 2 x x 3 x x x 4 x x 5 x x x 6 x x x x 7 x x 8 x 9 x (b) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Composition mode 2 Structured data operations 3 Folder management 4 Content type 5 Create and send a message x x 6 Receive a message x x 7 Select and display a message x 8 Con.gure composition mode x 9 Manage user de.ned folders x 10 Forward a message x x 11 Structured data operation x x x Figure 7: Features and use case dependences  case.


Our action definitions and definitions of emotional state changes in the ATN, and determination of next behavior(s), are very similar to the implementation described in [38].

if multiple transition conditions are satisfied at a particular node, then one is selected at random.


For instance, a restriction of Java interfaces is that only one method with a given signature may exist.

an extension preprocessor extends the base compiler by adding transformations from the extended language into a mix of low-level and high-level code, as is convenient for the de.nition of the particular extension.


2) Using the pre-developed module of the user self-diagnosis dialog, fetch the result of user reporting of his/her emotional state.

we motivated that by providing a codeless emotional UI authoring tool that lightens the burden of developing EA applications.


For the measured benchmarks, Harmonia achieves an average of 2.2× speedup over baseline QEMU.


Although they have not published results of applying Echelon to components, in theory, the tool seems to be applicable to test selection for COTS components.

the second author then revealed the actual changes and the black-box testing results.


Network latency and bandwidth should not be limiting factors of performance, due to the small message sizes and pipelined message transfers.

section 2 reviews recent work dealing with the overlap ping of computation and communication.


Once completed, the KStruct preprocessor extracts necessary meta-data out of these .les and creates a rich symbol information (RSI) .le for the system.

we found other cases, where data structures were exclusively used in container data structures.


In our experiments we observed that the schedules produced by our system have a smaller makespan than the schedules produced by the Hadoop system.

we will further investigate synergies between abstraction re.nement scheduling and dynamic scheduling techniques.


The bound is set such that the entropy of stream without such a predominate element can be accurately measured.

to show that the expected value of X is the empirical entropy of the stream let us .rst assume some value of R results from a randomly chosen index whose value in the stream is k. It is equally probable that R will have the value of 1, 2, ..., up to mk , where mk is the number of occurrences of k. Therefore it is also equally likely that X will have any of its possible values f (R - 1) - f (R).


3.3 Performance All these additional run-time checks are expensive.

because we iterate only once over the initial event log, the complexity of the slicing algorithm is linear.


For a new user the beauty of an application is evaluated aesthetically in this simple way.

the future of e-commerce may lie thin without understanding this.


Data sieving allows the processes to read excessive contiguous data set in a given range instead of making small I/O requests to multiple non-contiguous chunks.

noncontiguous I/O accesses through MPI-IO.


On average, a PBE compilation is 70% slower than an inlining compilation, which is itself twice as slow as the baseline.

use of the program skeleton during region encapsulation avoids the excessive overhead that occurs when analyzing the whole program.


The operation-based approach gives a precise way to integrate changes caused by editing operations from different lines of parallel development [7].

molhado [8] is an SCM infrastructure that creates unique, persistent IDs for each entity, and treats the name as an attribute that can change.


The Floc protocol ensures that the Location Object associated with the key H ash(j : d2) will be migrated to d5 and that all messages sent by other peers using the key H ash(j : d2) will also be received by d5.

chord: a scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for internet applications.


[27] M. Rinard, A. Salcianu, and S. Bugrara.

aspect instance can be deployed at different levels if needed.


-Ofast is able to achieve a 1.24 speedup over -O0 while PCModel gives a speedup of 2.33, i.e., a speedup of 1.88 over -Ofast.

they summarize important aspects of a program s performance, e.g., cache misses or .oating point unit utilization.


Management who did not possess the required agile knowledge was willing to compromise by sliding back to their predecessor approaches such as waterfall [S2] had a significant impact on sustaining agile usage.

data was coded in NVivo as described in section 2.3.


Object Oriented Programming: Systems, Languages and Applications, Vancouver, BC, Oct. 1998.

virtual types in BETA is the .rst mechanism that lets di.erent parameterizations of a generic class share a nontrivial common supertype.


Con.ned types are accessible through public classes in the package and owned types are accessible via the owner.

signi.cant differences in edge count pro.ling data are likely to translate to noticeable changes in performance.


Subsumption: Given two test case prioritization techniques X and Y, we say that X subsumes Y if and only if any permutation of any test suite produced by Y can also be produced by X.

such prioritizations may be ineffective for handling faults in other artifacts.


A traditional network simulator executes only one path of the model (typically to measure performance).

these increases are largely due to the space needed for the IN and OUT data structures used by the ISSE algorithm (Figure 3).


If the regulation method is qualitative, then it is based on qualitative factors which can be evaluated by inference mechanisms on some Knowledge Base (see the Declarative and the Procedure knowledge classes).

from our models, we use prototyping techniques to evaluate how end-users learn from the described learning situation.


Despite the openness of a language, programmers of all types, but novices especially, tend to employ the game mechanics that the language makes easy to access, such as the multiple logics a programmer harnesses for free using the shoot command.

fUTURE WORK: THE SAY MECHANIC One element that appealed to the girls immediately and strongly is say, an action as simple as shoot, that allows characters to engage in the appearance of social interaction.


Trading data space for reduced time and code space in real-time garbage collection on stock hardware.

the three curves represent MSC with a common space for data and code, with a separate code space (MSC-CODE), and MSC with a separate code space and the new write barrier(MSC-CODE-NEW-WB).


While programmers should manually implement continuations among the event handlers in event-driven systems, continuations of threads are automatically preserved between two preemption points.

in order to evaluate the shared-stack cooperative threads, we compared the Surge application using shared-stack cooperative threads with the one using original threads of Nano-Qplus in terms of memory usage and context switching overhead.


For all the cases where serialized objects were small, Fa¸cade was the fastest, Command was second, and Combined Command gave the worst results, but not varying much from Command.

any measures that can be taken during the design process to improve performance are bene.cial for * Also a student at Tampere University of Technology and Tampere Graduate School in Information Science and Engineering (TISE).


The problem with this access pattern is that, at each nest, the processor in question accesses a different data region of the array.

for each loop nest, we extract the maximum parallelism using a previously published approach in the literature [1].


The NOF metric counts the number of concerns in a system or subsystem.

it is important to highlight that even the Health Watcher specialists have not smoothly agreed with respect to the projection of Business into program elements.


ple synthetic workload in which worker threads spend 5% of their time executing in critical sections.

among potential usersofRTGC, thereis enormousdiversityin both application requirements and deployment environments.


To support such large context spaces we will implement support for compact representations of Q-functions and other related structures, which grow sub-linearly with respect to the number of contexts.

to summarize, the SMDP Q-learning algorithm implemented in our library has two parameters: the learning rate a and the exploration constant e, which have small default values (0.01 and 0.3 respectively), but can also be set by the programmer if desired.


The reason that clp is so much faster than sto in this case is because sto is randomly searching the space, i.e., each time it .nds a program it restarts the search from scratch.

minimization of randomized unit test cases.


Posix into wait queues associated with signals.

a program not using service threads could be debugged as easy as sequential code because it would support replayed executions.


It checks each join point shadow against the registered set of advice and pointcuts.

at the Java Language Speci.cation [13] level, the semantics of this advice dispatch could be implemented by adding a call such as the following to the join point shadow: A.aspectOf().before$0(); ajc produces this equivalent byte code //Method Aspect.aspectOf:()LAspect; 9: invokestatic #31; //Method Aspect.before$0()V 12: invokevirtual #34; Walking through this byte code we can see that it does more work than is required, and there are several possibilities for optimization if the target model is native machine code.


only requirements are mapped and only one single feature model is used, which limits the differentiation between software and hardware features.


Thus, rules that were not fixed in the overall codebase are still enforced for svn add operations.

5.1 Architecture conformance checks We have created 19 custom checks that verify design constraints defined in the reference architectures.


The type of object is used as a property of the object that represents a character.

using the Socket.IO module of Node.js enables the user to create an application that is based on real-time communication without using Ajax technology and also to use the WebSocket mechanism if the client is a modern Web browser.


Speci.cally, the unit impulse can be seen as the derivative of the unit step function.

a Yampa system consists of a number of interconnected signal functions, operating on the system input and producing the system output.


However, there are no mechanisms to detect and react to the failure of an entire agent.

the owner monitors the robot, so if it dies (because the owner disconnects it or otherwise), the former is immediately aware of it and starts the robot again.


Practical and Accurate Low-Level Pointer Analysis Bolei Guo Matthew J. Bridges Spyridon Triantafyllis Guilherme Ottoni Easwaran Raman David I. August Department of Computer Science, Princeton University {bguo, mbridges, strianta, ottoni, eraman, august}@princeton.edu High-Level IR Low-Level IR Abstract  Pointer SuperBlock .... Inlining Opti Scheduling .... Pointer analysis is traditionally performed once, early Source Analysis Formation Machine in the compilation process, upon an intermediate representation (IR) with source-code semantics.

unnecessary: Spurious arcs that result from the propagation of spurious high-level arcs.


Speci.cally, we add support for I/O modules such as timers and interrupt controllers required by the OS.

conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 50 59.


Keywords Pareto optimality, Today/Future, multi-objective genetic algorithms 1.

we realized that the information could be useful as a source of analysis for requirements change, and this suggested the T/FIA approach, using a multi-objective approach introduced in this paper.


The presented shared disk algorithm, based on atomic registers and probabilistic consensus, can survive multiple storage node failures, as long as a majority of nodes respond.

each storage server records the most recent value and timestamppairit encounters.


To start a synchronization operation the master has .rst to call a wait function, whose implementation is shown below: void Master Wait(Barrier *b, int nprocs ) { int i; for (i=1; i < nprocs ; i++) while (!b->entered[i ]); // Reset flags to 0 } The master scans the entered vector, stopping at each slave .ag until it detects its presence.

the fundamental parameters for our system are shown in table 1. processor ARM7, 200Mhz data cache 4KByte, 4 way set associative latency 1 cycle instruction cache 8KByte, direct mapped latency 1 cycle private memory latency 2 cycles shared memory latency 2 cycles AMBA AHB 32 bit, 200Mhz, arbitration 2 cycles Table 1: Architectural components details 5.1 Communication-Dominated Benchmark The .rst set of experiments we wrote consists in square matrix .lling (see below) and its purpose is that of investigating how concurrent accesses to shared regions limit the speedup of parallelization with the increasing number of cores.


The explicit representation will allow them to take the appropriate actions to reverse (part of ) the computation.

cellular phones hopping from one cell to another) whereas ad hoc ones do not (e.g.


[15] .nd that the e.ectiveness of animation is strongly predicted by node speed and target separation.

advances in neural information processing systems, pages 556 562, 2001.


Data Privacy: In maintenance projects, data available in production databases of the live system have traditionally been used for testing.

studies indicate that distributed teams that are culturally divided may not be as cohesive as local ones, and this may lead to less trust [24], poor cooperation and ultimately, conflicts.


hence, both its operands must be encrypted under search encryption scheme (srch).


Class Editor The visual generative programming technology has been implemented in a tool CoCoViLa [8].

bindings are used for structural composition, to specify the equality of interface variables var1 and var2 (these can be components of other interface variables declared in the specification).


Once a thread has the token it can attempt to acquire the lock.

to avoid exposing this non-determinism to threads running as processes, DTHREADS shims pthread_self() to return an internal thread index.


Paging Method Switching for QEMU-KVM Guest Machine Yu Zhang Technische Universität Chemnitz Computer Architecture Group Chemnitz, Germany zhayu@hrz.tuchemnitz.de  René Oertel Technische Universität Chemnitz Computer Architecture Group Chemnitz, Germany rene.oertel@cs.tuchemnitz.de Wolfgang Rehm Technische Universität Chemnitz Computer Architecture Group Chemnitz, Germany rehm@cs.tu-chemnitz.de ABSTRACT Shadow and nested paging are two means to enable the memory access for a VM guest.

practical experience suggests that so long as the workload is changing, the paging method of the VMM should also become more .exible to react upon the changing reality 2 e.g.


This tree of ever .tter schemata form the Royal Road .

weaker individuals retain a small selection probability, thereby maintaining diversity and avoiding premature sub-optimal convergence.


REFERENCES [1] O. Aldawud, T. Elrad, and A. Bader.

it contains an ordered, multi-valued attribute Type, whose data type is the UML meta-class Type.


[16] K. Messer, J. Matas, J. Kittler, J. Luettin, and G. Maitre.

all have been acquired with one .xed camera and one .xed microphone.


The Sampler, Task Queue, Resource Allocator, and Simulation Container modules, as well as the SISOL servers, are all part of the SimX package.

the centerline gas velocity pro.les are measured at three heights.


In the actual system, control of the choice of which Customer is served next is now passed to the Teller object.

but the object-oriented design requires that data characteristics and behavior of each object to be encapsulated within that object.


These stakeholders could be in the same development team, in the same organization or even beyond the organization.

a core model of architectural knowledge, which can be used as a common terminology for representing architectural knowledge, is presented in[4].


Furthermore, athighertemperaturestheleakagepowerishigher, leading to a vicious cycle that can cause thermal run-aways.

)= s(.+ t)}}=Del(a,s) (8) .=0 4.3 Leakybucket shapers Implementing a general greedy shaper with arbitrarily complex shaping curve, s, can be resource-heavy.


In retargetable compilation, high .exibility normally has to be paid with low code quality.


We cannot, however, apply the same optimization scheme to spms due to their lack of tags.

energy reduction of spms should not be reported without the number of L1 accesses in order to measure the energy e.ciency of an spm placement algorithm in a less architecture and circuit dependent manner.


Our operations-based kernel # ifndef id n .

map form provides a handle on the program geography, with tokens ordered by locations in the program.


The secondandthethirdcategoriesoffalsepositivesmayresult Table3:Turningonandoffstring-transmissionanalysis Table4:Turningonandoffstring-comparisonanalysis Application Need-to -trans Located FN FP Megamek 1734 1765 10 41 Megamek(NT) 1734 1188 585 39 Megamek(ALL) 1734 1777 10 53 in run time errors, but can be detected by heuristic-based checkers.

the third threat to internal validity is that we collected output API methods manually and thecollected list may notbecomplete.


MODELS 3.1 Formulation for Single-Resource-Type Multiple-Instance System In this model, all CPU s are assumed to be in a pool, and all jobs request only some number of CPU s from the system.

there are some challenges that should be addressed by the scheduler; .


In International Conference on Software Maintenance, pages 488 497, Florence, Italy, Nov 2001.

this can expose the site to a SQL injection attack, which is one of the top 25 programming errors that lead to security vulnerabilities [8].


Accordingly, for data component Health_records (Figure 6) we have 1 RET.

our approach imposes a specific modelling discipline, as we provide guidelines that have to be followed when building the model, in order to assure that the information required by FPA is properly included.


This considerably reduces the effort while building the mitigators and decreases their number.

additionally, we continuously consider the crosscutting nature of the SUT functionality so as to complement the traditional component-centric top-down and bottom-up approaches to FMEA and FTA.


In our opinion, the approach focused on interoperability requires a centralised entity which receives requests from a CC that have to access the federated cloud resources and translates them into requests to external CSPs (see Figure 1).

we introduced a high level model of cloud federation able to provide the scalability and .exibility needed by small clouds.


The .gure shows that, as expected, the median distance error decreases as m increases.

iEEE Signal Processing Magazine, pages 116 .


One challenge in calculating the proposed metrics is the availability of data.

correctness captures whether every decision follows from a requirement.


We plan to introduce proper Java exception handling at runtime by adding a mechanism to stop the computation and fall-back to the sequential Java implementation for accurate exception handling.

the conversion between object and primitive type only happens once per data item and is hidden by the computation 5 time.


The number of packets generated at each node is doubled in every round from 1 packet per second (pps) up to 32 pps.

we can only be sure that an assertion is in a consistent state if the di.erence between the two timestamps is larger than the maximum possible error due to timestamping.


For pervasive computing to be minimally invasive, computer systems must be conscious of and ultimately, be able to act according to the context of the user and her intelligent environment.

the service provides users with a means of planning a journey through the Dublin metropolitan area, using multiple modes of transport.


As with Speci.c Query Optimisation (1), our implementation should incrementally update its cached result sets, which we refer to as incrementalisation.

even if the query under consideration is not time-critical, it may become so in the future.


Like the KAOS goal model in the architectural pattern, these obstacles might concern assets, and responsibility associations describe the roles responsible for satisfying obstacles.

cross-plaform access control for mobile web applications.


We began with MAP MA, then MB and finally MC and it might simply be that we were more practiced and therefore more comfortable with MAP by the time we developed MC.

for example in figure 1, to achieve the intention Withdraw Money alternative paths can be adopted, b2c or b3c.


the type system formalized in PCC was based on a set of axiomatized type rules, whereas our lower-level approach explicitly de.nes the set of values that correspond to each type.


For Red changes, recall is the fraction of failure-inducing changes colored Red, and precision is the ratio of actual failureinducing Red changes to all the Red changes.

similarly, we seek to minimize the number of failure-inducing changes not colored Red, that is false negatives.


We identified several such connectors in the Linux architecture, three of which we discuss in this paper: the file facade, IPC via shared memory access, and the process scheduler.

in principle, event buses allow components to be added or removed, and to subscribe to receive certain events, at any time during a system s execution [7,30].


All of these approaches verify global invariant properties and are able to verify local properties.

run-time veri.cation of adaptive programs against their global invariants and transitional properties [14] is also part of our ongoing work [6].


With this feature, users can identify obstacles and/or possible threats to the UAS s .ight plan.

this gives the system an overall region of land to validate as a potential landing zone based on map terrain information.


In fact, epidemic routing is a reasonable approach where no information can be determined about the movement patterns of nodes in the system.

[16] M. Musolesi, S. Hailes, and C. Mascolo.


Thus WPT cannot distinguish between different structures, and provides very inaccurate points-to information.

again the contribution comes from queries disambiguating pointers against scalar objects of types integer and float.


By de.nition of principal typing, for all (G. ,t.) of (s, b), t = t. and G.= G, hence by hypothesis (**), G.fG.

this consideration does not apply to separate compilation; indeed, if constructors are explicit, then compilation of a class requires the existence of all its ancestors, since we must check that the constructor matches inherited and declared .elds.


Considering the intrinsic complexity of the sole dependency resolution, designing good optimizing algorithms to handle complex user preferences for package status choices is a rather ambitious goal.


Fragment based versioning and dynamic source file generation were also explored by Lin and Reiss in Desert[20].

2.2 Project-Based Versioning Model The repository stores code in a versioned program store.


This modeling layer that micro-controllers expose at runtime, enables the e.cient and safe reasoning (by other Kevoree nodes: Java or Android) to adapt microcontroller-based nodes.

[12] J. Eker, J. Janneck, E. A. Lee, J. Liu, X. Liu, J. Ludvig, S. Sachs, and Y. Xiong.


Our algorithm takes as input a threshold for the minimum average interval size (hierarchical instruction count).

maximum instruction counts are also not shown to save space.


Each Comet embeds its own task model, its own adaptation algorithm, as well as multiple CUI s and FUI s, each one adapted to a particular context of use.

this application of Principle #1 does not indeed leave much flexibility to cope with unpredictable situations unless it relies completely on the tier middleware infrastructure that can modify any of these models on the fly, then triggers the appropriate transformations to update the Final UI.


To this end, this paper shows the result of our study on .ve real work.ow applications in the .elds of natural language processing, web data analysis, and astronomy image analysis.

most of those methods require the complete form of DAGs for work.ows and completion time, input/output .le size for each jobs, etc.


The new design rule would be a contract stating that the screen size concern is introduced by another module in the game.gui package.

design structure matrices (DSMs) [2] are important tools to analyze dependencies between the design elements of a product, namely design parameters.


For applications that only use operations with the AND semantic, Ad-hoc performs similarly to our NewMax version, so they have similar cost for the collective test shown in Figure 14(c).

newMin delays the analysis for many operations as discussed in Section 5.2.


Identifying an instance of review and the type of feedback provided by the reviewer requires qualitative analysis of the bug report comments.

the most active users carried out most of the tasks while most others contributed only once or twice.


The temporal interpretation of students performance in activity, attempted here, could be used for predicting their progress.

[7] Tanes, Z., Arnold, K.E., King, A. S. & Remnet, M.A.


Section 2 presents some concepts related to mobile app development and the underlying challenges, and also a brief overview of mobile platform architecture.

non-commercial versions do not offer a productive development environment, and are mainly targeted to simple data-driven apps (focused on data storage and manipulation).


Conclusion We proposed a scheme of embeddedsoftware testing in the emulation test environment before proceeding to mount on a real hardware.

these units decide the interface testfeature.


The main problem with this approach is that the compiler analyses used for auto-parallelization are usually too conservative andfragile resultingin very small or nogains.

a group of threads executing the same code are combined together to form a thread block or simply a block.


[33] H. Zhong, M. Mehrara, S. Lieberman, and S. Mahlke.

because the unit of atomicity is still the iteration, the atomic unit gets split up across multiple threads as shown by the lightly-shaded region in Figure 3(c).


The following quantity b measures the bias of the outputs: 1 m oi - o i b = m oi i=1 Note that this is the same formula as the distortion with the exception that it preserves the sign of the summands.

the user would take the observed failure rates x1 , .


If O is a deletion, the same character is deleted from both states; or if O is an insertion, the same total order maintains between any two characters that appear in both resulted states Si p+1 and Sj u+1 .

the e.ects relation between concurrent operations is not always as obvious as in Fig.


5.3 IL-AwareLHSAlgorithm Theabove empiricalexercise showsthatweneedtosample mixes that cover different ILs in order to make accurate predictions for real workloads.

their work focuses exclusively on single query types and does not consider interactions and query mixes, which are our focusin thispaper.


In this case, the question menu is automatically built by Crystal from the commands that are executed.


Improving Safety When Refactoring Aspect-Oriented Programs Diego Cavalcanti Department of Systems and Computing Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande, PB, Brazil diegot@dsc.ufcg.edu.br Abstract Checking correctness with respect to a formal semantics is expensive.

similar to OO programs, we also have aspect-oriented (AO) refactorings [Monteiro and Fernandes 2005, Cole and Borba 2005, Hanenberg et al.


The load-balancing algorithm was modi.ed to follow the same strategy.

a full analysis of the modi.cations and results is available in [8].


Because Piston takes into account chord voicing and sequence structure, his chord placement creates a harmony that sounds more classical.

although a V chord is more probable, FHA R M harmonises the second G in the melody with a III chord.


Yet, its basic ideas have proven quite useful as a modeling language for FOSD [35][56][57].


Conceptually, programmers can reason about in-out parameter passing as if object values are copied into the method, the method is executed, and objectvalues are copied out again.

a potential problem with in-out parameter passing and Java-like inheritance concerns the passing of subtypes.


We will later show the implementation of the type Sec and its associated functions.

implementation of a two-point lattice data H =H then we can model the type of the function f given in the beginning of this section as follows: f :: (Sec H Char, Int) -> (Sec H Char, Int) The .rst, secure, example of f can be programmed as follows: f (sc,i) = ((c -> chr (ord c + i)) fmap sc,i+3) the other two de.nitions can not be programmed without making use of H or breaking the type checker.


In IEEE Benelux Signal Processing Symposium, pages 119 122, 1998.

in the worst case, the attacker can estimate the boundary itself and calculate the shortest projection out of R1 for each medium with the same watermark key [15].


This work was motivated by a desire to check information .ow properties in JavaScript; we intend to chain the boxing algorithm with our information .ow analysis for SLamJS to evaluate its effectiveness.

these approaches seem limited to handling certain .xed patterns of usage.


)/g2 , .xi/.xj = dij as well as the fact that derivatives of scalars vanish.

the techniques presented in the following can also be applied to more general problems with additional .ux terms, a more complicated right hand side or di.erent types of boundary conditions.


Some works consider the evolution of Software Product Lines (SPLs) to SECOs [3] [6] [12].

[6] cite the evolution of a product to a platform as a basis for the creation of a SECO.


Figure 3 describes a part of the Create Order business process which contains three sequential tasks including Enter customer information task, Add products task, and Submit order task.

the business users are often overwhelmed by the rich and complex functions in the user interface.


Every write is sent to both disks, while a read canbe servedby either disk.

while a disk can be spun down to standby mode for saving most of this power, Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.To copyotherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.


The percentage of Figure 12: Fsync Sizes.

figure 5 shows the proportion of the .les in which the bytes of accessed .les reside.


During the bottom-up analysis of main at level 1, we have created the µ and .

property 2 (Context Condition for a Transfer Function).


Given these advices, the rooted MST can be computed as follows: every choosing node u sends a message on each incident edge e for which the corresponding index belongs to its advice.

in 25th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), pp.


In the worst 5% of execution, the tail slowdown is to 400% with XWHEP and 1000% for BOINC.

unlike aforementioned work, we do not modify the resource manager scheduling policies to incorporate QoS features.


In the .rst class are attributes which type is (or can be cast to) a real number, or the attributes which can be transformed into real values such that those values form a metric space (for example characters can .t in this class).

groups are made of objects that have the same parent, and are of same type.


For H.264, even a Mild error injection into nonpointer variables led to the application crashing.

all the value ranges of the variables are divided up using this constant k so as to reduce the value space (see Algorithm 2).


They aim at planning, developing, and con.guring systems by describing con.guration knowledge at di.erent levels of formality.

given a small sample size, we then qualitatively inspect strong correlations and try to .nd explanations based on our knowledge of the languages, models, and con.gurator tools.


During each measurement run of Tmeas = 500s PU transmitter sends approximately 60,000 frames, each with a duration of 4ms.

in the rest of the paper; wherever received frame is mentioned, it should be considered as correctly received frame determined by C RC .eld.


ROSE ROSE is an open infrastructure for building compilerbased source-to-source analysis and transformation tools.

rOSEVA provides a second interface allowing VizzAnalyzer to access a variety of analyses on any graph produced by the frontend.


Time (%) Original Strategies New Strategies Paradigm LinSolv 23.40 +0.90 +1.97 Nested Data par TransClos 83.12 +0.77 +2.24 Data par Sphere 21.11 +4.78 +3.32 Nested Data par MiniMax 36.98 +0.87 +3.22 D&C Coins 42.49 +1.11 +2.12 D&C Queens 25.51 +1.37 +6.12 D&C MatMult 18.85 +16.87 +18.14 Data par Genetic 33.46 +2.96 +3.97 D&C Data par Hidden 4.61 +5.86 +2.17 Data par Maze 40.93 -2.22 -3.59 Nested Data par Geom.

2007], supports the parallel evaluation of every element in a collection.


It should be noted that our analysis does not include measurements of real systems.

feitelson, Supporting Priorities and Improved Utilization of the IBM SP2 Scheduler using Slackbased Backfilling , In Proceedings of the 13th International Parallel Processing Symposium and 10th Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, IEEE Computer Society, San Juan, Puerto Rico, April 12-16, 1999, pp.


The lack of CSP in .1 means that there is no lift operation to uniformly convert a present-stage value of any type to some future-stage code that evaluates to that value.

danvy and Filinski (1990, 1992) .rst applied delimited control to program generation: they showed how to fuse a CPS translation and administrative reductions into one pass by writing the translation either in CPS or using shift and reset.


Test sequence exported to constraint solver textual format  5.

most of these techniques [3][5][9][15] are testing for conformance between the model and the corresponding implementation.


The bug occurred due to a change to the graphics library performed by a di.erent team from the one developing YouTube Mobile.

note: code instrumentation requires adding additional instructions to record the line coverage, which increases the size of each class.


Triple space computing (TSC) [5, 9] provides an extension of tuple space computing by adopting Semantic Web technology.

to this end, in Section 4.1 we show a possible language that meets such requirements.


TLTS(X') given by TLTS(f )(Y )= {(a, f (x)) .

the supervision relation is a bisimulation between the labelled transition system de.ned by the wrapper, and the labelled transition system de.ned by the coordinating process speci.cation.


The animation user must make choices in order to drive the animation further.

for example, the medicine administration work process is not as regular ' as the involved computer scientist initially thought.


(=6) different ways in which they can be ordered.

coarse-grained parallelism is achieved with a minimal loss of reuse.


Using a number of cases studies, the paper shows how it is possible to systematically introduce changes in a task model in order to generate behaviours corresponding to errors users typically make.

they concluded that automation of the testing process is greatly unexplored.


We showed that DR-MCS and MR-QD locks provide better performance for ordered_set when there are concurrent write operations.

[13] D. Klaftenegger, K. Sagonas, and K. Winblad.


Our speci.cation language also allows for de.nitions of parametric relations for polymorphic data types that enable highly composable speci.cations and naturally generalizes to higher-order polymorphic functions.

for instance, it is not possible to write a relational speci.cation that asserts that the result of folding over a list of integers with (op +) is the sum of all integers in the list.


457-467 [13] Shenoy, P., Vin, H., M, Cello: A Disk Scheduling Framework for Next-generation Operating Systems, ACM SIGMETRICS, Madison, WI, USA, June 1998, pp.

otherwise, several hundred requests could be pending, leading to unrealistic working conditions for the disk.


We assume that the process failures and the scheduling are controlled by a strong adaptive adversary.

a third direction would be to try to apply our techniques to other problems, such as long-lived renaming [24], resource allocation, or mutual exclusion.


To analyze the accuracy of vulnerability detection, we have utilized ASIDE in analyzing two large-scale open source systems [20].

an automated system cannot truly understand an application and detect application-specific vulnerabilities in the same way that the developer can.


We call such an infrastructure Application Server for the Semantic Web whose design and development are based on existing Application Servers.

the component loader facilitates the deployment process for a client.


Keywords Requirements elicitation, stakeholders, non-formal modeling  INTRODUCTION In user centered product design a strong tradition exists of starting from a task model, subsequently developing a detailed design model (often structured along functionality, dialogue, and representation), model based prototyping and evaluation, ending in formal specifications (Van Welie and Van der Veer, 2003).

collaboration on design is often not a purely verbal activity.


[8] R. Wilhelm, J. Engblom, A. Ermedahl, N. Holsti, S. Thesing, D. Whalley, G. Bernat, C. Ferdinand, R. Heckmann, T. Mitra, F. Mueller, I. Puaut, P. Puschner, J. Staschulat, and P. Stenstr¨ om.

the work presented in this paper is somehow transversal to these related works.


Both of the two studies used association mining techniques to identify feature correlations.


Journal of Wuhan University of minimum point, so the results may not be the global optimal Hydraulic and Electric Engineering.

rule generator to realize the uncertainty in the process of reasoning, its predictive value is uncertain.


The abstract syntax is as follows: e ::= k constant of a de.nable type k .

this means that the environment cannot take those sequences as a whole and split them apart into individual pieces or elements.


To achieve this, the CPA needs to be restricted to running code without causing side effects.

conversational programming annotates rules red, green or white/neutral (Figure 7).


In B. Gramlich and S. Lucas, editors, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, volume 57.

we believe that both techniques for accessing nonlocal variables in a procedural Algol-like language could be adapted to innermost rewriting with non-local variables, as well.


By using BYADL three different kinds of editors can be adopted, each characterized by a distinguishing usability level and a certain effort to be implemented.

[2] J. Bézivin, S. Bouzitouna, M. Del Fabro, M. P. Gervais, F. Jouault, D. Kolovos, I. Kurtev, and R. F. Paige.


2.1 Partial Optimization We call a specialization complete when all parameterized classes used in a program, and all parameterized classes they inherit from, are specialized.

we can also specialize a program by only changing one or two classes which will make the most difference.


Exactly here lie the drawbacks of agile methods: cross-project reuse of software artefacts, such as patterns, reference architectures and components are not foreseen, and product-lines are not supported.

it does not a.ect the requirement engineering process.


Finally, an injectivity con.ict occurs on the cross links emanating from o8 and o9 which were added on di.erent branches and refer to the same object o3.

construct graphs g1 =(V1,E1), g2 =(V2,E2), and gb =(Vb,Eb) each of which consists of a chain of element nodes augmented with a start node and an end node.


A seqblock acts as if each update set is applied to the state before the next statement is evaluated (as opposed to the parallel execution normally performed).

f o f ( i d 6 , hypothesis , f S i g n E x t e n d ( s y m 5 , 1 6 , 3 2 , s y m 7 ) ) .


Using n this de.nition, there is an arrow X .

constraints NonNegativeAge, CorrectTripDestination and MachineNumber are derived value constraints which can be abstracted.


These classes are de.ned to be those that are part of our application package, but do not implement the interface Persistent (line 7).

5For a detailed explanation of the algorithms and the tool itself, please see [17].


These systems preserve superseded versions of data to help recover from malicious software, operator error, and (in some cases) disk failures and natural disaster.


For example, varying the type of the algorithm to vary performance [1, 26] utilizes purely software means to create di.erences in performance.

downgrading may not be applicable in quality attribute trade-o.


We are disadvantaged by the problems of storing and reasoning over large semantic models such as those supported by Jena and future work would include both persistent storage of data as well as caching techniques to more e.ciently access commonly queried data sets.

in the data view all tuples are seen as plain data, without semantics, like in traditional Linda systems.


To describe the floating-point divide instruction accurately, we indicate that the operation is pipelined.

in their methodology, the user constructs a full high-level description language (HDL) model of the processor or application specific integrated circuit.


[4] S. Steinke, C. Zobiegala, L. Wehmeyer, and P. Marwedel.

the neglect of the relationships of nodes must decrease the space utilization of SPM and lead to a minor decision about the SPM size.


High-level languages allow users to de.ne compound types.

3) The ability to bypass built-in abstractions (for example, bypassing the scheduler when implementing an scheduler [5]).


The questionnaire we developed was verified for internal consistency using a maximum likelihood factor analysis with varimax rotation.

most of the teams reported a mild to significant regaining of their enthusiasm level.


we apply CS-MoG-Balance to 400 consecutive video frames in each dataset.


(TUU '00 Arlington VA USA Copyright ACM 2000 1-58113-314-6/00/11 ...$5.00  Darin Ellis Institute of Gerontology Wayne State University 87 East Ferry Street 226 Knapp Building +1 313 577 2297 d.ellis@wayne.edu  searching through a list of alternatives: exhaustive search and self-terminating search [7].

sT = ((b + l )t/2 + k + c) Inn ( ln b) Taking the derivative of the above equation and setting it to zero, it can be shown that the optimum b assuming a self- terminating search is given by: b(lnb-1) = l+2k+c t Age Related Differences in Navigation In general the empirical work points out that older adults are at a disadvantage in information retrieval tasks.


Fast binary translation for SIMD instructions is achieved by performing both intra-block and interblock analysis to track the data type used by SIMD instructions, followed by optimized insertion of data type synchronization code to minimize the data type mismatch and the overhead brought by data type synchronization.

3.2 The translate-time algorithm The translate-time algorithm tries to reduce interblock mismatches through translation time analysis.


[13] European desktop grid infrastructure.

the strategy is optimistic in the sense that it allows a regular worker which has computed a result to send the result and .nish the task.


Figure 2 (bottom) shows the con.icts as reported by the merge tool of CVS.

production rules may be annotated with @FSTNon-Terminal and @FSTTerminal.


This transitive control dependence exists because D controls E, which is the source of an inter-thread register dependence.

pose, both DSWP and GREMIO utilize the general MTCG algo-In this paper, we present a general COmpiler Communicationrithm proposed in [16].


on Applied Computing (SAC), pages 1930 1937, 2009.

when the bounded resource is itself asynchronous (e.g., an asynchronous I/O operation) then this is unreasonably expensive.


The decoding is carried out by the objective function when an individual is evaluated.

the measure constructor distance assigns each inconvertible genotype individual the number of statements between the erroneous statement (where an ob ject is missing) and the next statement by which an object is created that matches the class of the missing object.


Feamster and Dingledine chose Verizon with AS 6995.

this might not be re.ected in the number of network providers involved, and corporate and service consolidation could even imply a contraction of the distribution of ASes involved in carrying Tor tra.c.


proposed a slicing method which can tackle dependency analysis in five different levels [18].

for this changed component, component developer can create a testinginterface such as test_dispense(int t_credit, intt_sel), the implementation details are shown in Figure 3.


The next section provides an overview of how to make garbage collection failure-aware.

for large objects and large numbers of failures, native runtimes have a stronger requirement for perfect pages than managed runtimes.


The base of this maximal path is lst, which is a formal parameter of pvl_push.

then it identi.es all of the function parameters that may be stored into an owned .eld.


Figure 3: Adaptor LTS (registration part) rithms of Cæsar Solve are designed such that a sequence of resolutions has an overall linear complexity in the size of the BES; this is achieved by keeping the results of intermediate computations persistent between two subsequent resolutions.

vector processes are .nally interleaved.


value: A memoized value, if the thunk has been evaluated.

this comes at a price: hiding low-level details from the programmer means that language implementations are responsible for obtaining a good performance.


The general idea is to heuristically assign more cores to larger tasks based on the execution time estimate.

cores Perf (smart) Perf (static) Perf (dyn) Overall 4 1 1.22 1 1.22 5 1.22 1 1 1.22 6 1.23 1.25 1 1.54 7 1.54 1 1 1.54 8 1.53 1.08 1 1.66 Dynamic partitioning increases the throughput by a large amount for all the cases because three huge tasks, which are easy to accelerate by .ne-grain parallelism, have similar workload and quality of the schedule is still high when sharing the resources at runtime.


We found it extremely useful, to in part rely on proven working technology (such as ZigBee and Smart Meters) in order to test the combination of these working components with newly developed hardware and software development.

copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored.


Because p =0.5, however, one would suspect that the term p 2k-x quickly decreases as x decreases.

[3] W. J. Bolosky, J. R. Douceur, D. Ely, and M. Theimer.


5.1 Implementation Aspects 5.1.1 User interface In JME a splash screen is easily implemented using the Canvas class and simply painting images, shapes and text directly onto the full screen canvas.

the success of these 2D games lies in them all having simple user interfaces and controls, which are easily operated on mobile phones [17].


Plugins may be used to support different constraint systems [57] to be used in constrained types.

rc(Ck{ck},z.xk) given a program P with classes C1,...,Ck, the set of real clauses for C1,...,Ck are de.ned in a mutually recursive fashion through the Clark completion of a Horn clause theory (over an underlying constraint system).


We observe (Figure 6) that the modularisation of LABELMEDIA is more stable in the Java version, since this feature is spread over fewer components (CDC) in this solution.

conditional compilation lacks this ability because it has a somewhat intrusive effect on the code, due to the need to add the #ifdef /#endif clauses locally at the places where features intersect.


Despite these advantages, there are excellent reasons why full language extensibility is undesirable.

to complete the proxy pattern, we need to change all the calls of new DBConnection(...) to new DBConnection_Proxy(...).


In summary, the soccer domain is well-suited for homogeneous agents.

one may distinguish between micro-and macro-steps as in [12, 13].


A variant type de.nition type+ T = ... | C adds constructor C to existing type whose type name is T. In Figure 1, we have already seen an example that adds Sub constructor to the type t. The constructors added to a variant type by aspects often make pattern matching non-exhaustive.

a parameter pattern Pis a pattern that used to describe a formal parameter of a function in Objective Caml3.


In [2], the phase-selection range is continuously reduced to a converged point under the assumption of a stationary wireless RF channel.

2: // G: the number of consecutive decrease in RSS.


For instance, in course-grain parallelism, service components of a single processing step run in parallel.

section 3 dis cusses parameterised architectural patterns, with a focus on MR and CL.


framework [15] is particularly suited for eliciting and representing application requirements and domain knowledge in an expressive and easy-to-understand way [15].

based on the combined use of i* modeling concepts of goals, tasks and resources it is possible to reason on motivations and desired consequences of inter-agents delegation relationships.


[13] F. Curbera, Y. Goland, J. Klein, F. Leymann, D. Roller, S. Thatte, and S. Weerawarana.

we propose that only the service provider maintains the state of the conversation and that the consumer application is assisted in the service invocation.


DPartner does not impose such requirements.

dPartner calculates the instruction numbers of each movable app class to .nd the top n (e.g., n=3) computation intensive classes.


We have extended previous work by integrating a language for formally specifying an implementation with a framework for expressing security policies, particularly with respect to covert channel rules and control dependency flaws.

the remaining statements illustrate how the Low subject compares the two clock values (s6) to see whether the High subject has interfered with it through performance of some operation, and writes either a 1 or 0 accordingly (s7 & s8).


We employ two applications, a high frequency reader and an airline collision detector.

streamFlex connections are parameterizable by depth and can store a limitedbut .exible number of values.


and Wuest J. Empirical Studies of Quality Models in Object-Oriented Systems.

the fitness function for one gene is executed independently of other genes in the population.


Through a series of incremental re.nements the architect can move towards architecture, by (i) adding design elements (tasks and quality constraints), (ii) adding behavioral re.nements (in the form of .ow expressions), and (iii) generating statechart models from (possibly incomplete) models.

the .rst option is to use only a cash sensor (dt11), while the second option is to use only the entry of an operator (dt12).


The context switching code is executed whenever control of the CPU changes hands.

our experiments on Solaris have shown that the effect of such operating system preemption is significant even when the system is sparsely loaded with only the standard mix of daemons.


the performance of the Desktop machine is limited by its ADSL connection (approximately 3.5 Mbit/s downstream and 800 KBit/s upstream).


[5] C. Boyapati, A. Salcianu, W. Beebee, Jr., and M. Rinard.

and in keeping with our contention that ambiguous-segment pointers are rare occurrences in embedded applications, none of the benchmarks required the insertion of a pointer disambiguation check.


For example, if a statement S is said to be a realization of the speci.cation requires P ensures Q, then to verify S means to prove that the Hoare triple {P }S{Q} holds.


In practice, that node may depart prematurely.

azureus is the most widely used implementation of the popular Bit-Torrent protocol [7], and our measurements indicate that its DHT supports more than a million concurrent users.


Their approach attempts to map those keywords to APIs of particular system.

seeker leverages DSE for dynamic analysis and applies DSE to generate a target sequence.


Its calculation is performed within the calculation of point i1.

the synchronization points are handle similarly, but the actual switch itself is not considered, since its cost is part of the task switch cost for scheduling analysis.


this is time consuming and may result in a loss of productivity, which is equivalent to that of sifting through a large list of irrelevant noti.cations.


In our example, Int is passed as the only Specializable argument.

islands can call one another directly, but not indirectly via generic code.


Server systems also introduce additional concerns such as high execution concurrency and new management functions like online request classi.cation.

during an online training process, at each moment of a system call, we map the system call name to the change of target execution metric over certainperiodsbefore andafterthe moment.While system calls of a speci.c name may be observed many times during execution, we continuously maintain the average and standard deviation ofmetric changesforit.The metric change averageindicates the signi.cance of subsequent behavior transitions while the standarddeviationindicates their uniformity.As examples,Table2 lists some mappingsfrom system callnamesto subsequent changes inCPUcyclesperinstruction(CPI)forApache web server.We can understand some of the system call-signaled CPI changes through the application semantics.Forinstance,the writev system call entrance signals the start of writingHTTPheaders, which apparently exhibitshighCPIs(probablyduetoitsfragmentedpiecemeal accessesto memory).the writev system call entrance typically signals a substantialincrease of theCPI metricinApache web server.


eCMA: ECMA-334: C# Language Specification.


The output has r copies of a single n-variable context containing Si copies of a i for each variable.

n G1, y : t, z :t, G2@R G1, x :t, y : s, G2@R xx (s) x [G, x:t @R (s .


2) reduces such sequences of operations into atomic ones.

a more satisfactory approach to the second problem is based on the analysis of the source program Ps and on a phase of Invariant Translation (noted IT), which yields some sound invariant for Pc.


We identified about 40 different types of printingblocks (e.g.

it was decided to stick to this for the introduction.


In a system that does not support any form of extension composition, two extensions B < E1 and B < E2 cannot be used in combination at all.

openJava: A class-based macro system for Java.


The successor-list is a list of files that the program accessed immediately after previous accesses to the corresponding file.

in this section, we begin the description to our cache-based file prediction scheme by illustrating the cache implementation in Paradise file system, and then explain the prefetching scheme thereafter.


Moreover, when thethread completesits release(e),information aboutthe minimum,averageand maximumblocking timesforthepast releases is gathered.

at the beginning of the algorithm we have its basic requirements, starting withtheglobal variables necessaryfor its execution.


Interest in the area soared as Java became popular because decompiling Java code was easy.

there are applications where this is not possible.


To deal with mutually recursive procedures, it would be more accurate to describe paths in the program through a context-free grammar, instead of a traditional .ow graph [23].

a., and Yu, F. Solving regular path queries.


In doing so, developers programming updates in ReCaml can manipulate runtime states using the same language.

the type of l1 is: tparl1 = t1 is the type of the value that .ows at the boundary;  tresl1 = t2 is the return type of the enclosing function;  Vl1 =[x1 .. tx1 ] binds types to the activation variables.


[22] Hongtao Zhong, Mojtaba Mehrara, Steve Lieberman, and Scott Mahlke.

any opinions, .ndings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily re.ect the views of our sponsors.


As previous work has shown that system noise events can signi.cantly impact HPC performance [7, 14], great e.ort has been made to lower the duration of noise events.

while it is dangerous to extrapolate this conclusion to other potential nonblocking collective implementations, these results suggest that whatever other bene.ts they may have for applications, mitigation of system noise is not among them.


The formal de.nition of the semantics of these operators is omitted as it can be easily derived from the de.nition of the basic single selection operators.