The malicious object may be cached, and the attacker can easily make sure it stays in cache (theoretically forever); we refer to such a malicious, long-lived object or script as a persistent XSS.

this allows injection of web-pages and scripts in the context of a thirdparty web-server, and can be exploited for cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF) and phishing attacks without relying on a vulnerability in the web-server.


Twovirtual slices residing onthesamephysical nodecanbe made to operate in sync through the hypervisor.

both will lead to a better overall utilization of the physical infrastructure.


First, we only consider miscon.gurations that last less than a day, as a result of which we miss errors that persist for a longer time.

design Rules Based on Analyses of Human Error.


Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).

they cannot possibly crash the system by writing invalid bu.er indexes or packets sizes, because the content of the netmap rings is validated by the system calls before being used.


Tingting Zhang tingting.zhang@miun.se Mid Sweden University Dpt.

the total cost allocated to the upstream and downstream receivers of QoSi may now be written as i L =1x Ci u (zu, zd, c)= x xx fx(z ,z d )c (1) uu and Figure 1: A multicast transmission tree.


The second category of routing algorithms is the hierarchical routing techniques, e.g.

the minimum number of sensors in area A can be formulated as .20A .


Does renegotiating take place on the same time scale as the cost evaluation or on a much shorter one?

if we follow Dynamic Rule #2b instead, then a player may not disconnect itself from the graph.


Thus, the context represents the surroundinginformation that must be checked to determine the need for settingup some concrete preferences.

so, we callconfiguration domains to the set of domains of knowledge overwhich the service keeps control.


These networks are of particular interest for military, environmental, and medical applications, and for applications related to monitoring of critical Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.

the server sends to all the leaders the new node identifier IDN and a refresh keys message.


The second subset of experiments evaluates the routing protocol with di.erent .ows injected in the testbed at a di.erent number of hops from the destination.

though reducing the transmission power would create an actual multihop network, it would also lead to an increase of interference due to hidden nodes which is beyond of the scope of this paper.


One can clearly see from these results aggressive in-sensor computation is not a good idea.

[20] W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin.


This user memory storage system as a distributed-memory aggregation storage model, just like RAMCloud, has a short data access delay and a high bandwidth.

it is a very di.cult problem that how to get the weights of these parameters.


N NBIi,j XGV R Suppose that OP T schedules the last packet in s out of an (t)max((ROP T i,j,k+1(t)), 0) i,j i,j,k (t) - RGV R .

their performance typically degrades when tra.c is non-uniform [19].


This model predicts that for full-link-bandwidth traffic, the convergence time is exponential with the network size, so out-oforder packet delivery is unavoidable for long messages.

on Nonblocking Folded-Clos Networks in Computer Communication Environments.


We analyze the probability of these events assuming that each link blocks independently and using a reduced load method.

(3) and (4) into (1), we can get the objective function in the following form:  max (ßMi .Mi,d+ßbr j,b -vbLj,b(·)) r j,b ,.Mi,d,RMi Mid.RMi j.J j.J (5) 3.1 Path-based Admission Control One result of the path setup phase for QoS traf.c can be rejected or blocked, due to pricing or resource limitations.


The results also show that different settings on the parameters highly affect the choice of data granularity.

problem 1: For each sensor node, how to find the best data granularity, ..opt, so that the QoS trade-off denoted by the weight .


It outperforms DiffEnc and WBXML by large factors; in some cases DiffEnc in fact results in message size explosion.

wOAP operates over the wireless link only.


As expected, the performance changes significantly as the load is increased from 50% to 110%.

we use the dummynet [7] component of FreeBSD to configure in-bound packet delays on the end systems to emulate different round-trip times between each paring of a browser machine and a server machine.


CalRadio does not su.er from this limitation.

it is not only much larger than CalRadio, but each node also requires a full .edged PC to implement the upper layers of the network stack.


(3) o: the event that a node goes out of the network .

p7: every disconnection does not induce payment losses .


a free wavelength available, reroute the traffic over the protection backup lightpath.

fix this path as primary path P. If the paths found with at least one spare available wavelength channel go to next step else block this connection request.


5.2 Achievements By integrating all the devices and systems mentioned above, the NRS prototype provides path-based network virtualization.

similar procedures are employed to re-route connection paths in case of topology changes that disturb existing paths.


These markets use compromised accounts for two di.erent purposes: in.ating followers and sending promoted tweets.

we are not interested in tweets that promote the market itself.


The revocation status of the certi.cates for MDs is maintained by HN.

in the following we describe the use of EAP-TLS with mutual certi.cate-based authentication.


The entropy bound is computable for any graph at least empirically: we just need to obtain the forwarding functions and then evaluate the entropy over the port id distribution, which can certainly be done with enough computing power at hand; the results are veri.able as we can easily evaluate the entropy on real forwarding table traces from production routers (see later); and the model is also implementable in actual router hardware, even though current wavelet tree implementations performance might lag behind a bit (but see [10] on how to overcome this issue).

the model allows to reason about the scalability of general graph families or particular networks through analyzing the entropy of certain strings arising as forwarding tables at network nodes.


[18] Z. J. Haas, M. R. Pearlman, P. Samar.

the ETX-hyb proposal performance is well worse if compared to the traditional ETX and to ETX-EMPR.


In this case, frames transmitted on all but the current channel are normally not received and therefore not included in the computation of the channel occupancy.

we use the consumer-grade AirView USB spectrum analyzer manufactured by Ubiquiti Networks.


Furthermore, the PAN coordinator can change ScanDuration parameter of the MLME-SCAN.request primitive unlike the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

[12] M. Y. J. K. P. M. Junkeun Song, Kee-Young Shin.


exploit the fact that selection, projection, and aggregation can be translated to a tree topology in a natural fashion.

further experiments (not plotted due to space constraints) con.rmed that the load on roughly the top 15 most traversed nodes followed a similar pattern to Figure 1b, in that we saw bene.ts in BestRoute from going from 1 to 2 to 3 trees, and that GPSR performed worse than BestRoute with 2 and 3 trees.


3 SIP Overview The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [Rosenberg et al.

after the transfer has begun, the Control Point can be disconnected without disrupting the .ow of content.


It is easy to show that J 2+aN +(2+aN )2 -4 the .rst solution (i.e., m 2 m ) does not satisfy this inequality.

given that any random walker movement is independent of any other one, eventually C m(t1,m)= Cm(t1,m)= Cm(t2).


by letting nodes transfer concurrently, the aggregate data rate can be higher than a single tag, and control overhead can be amortized over many concurrent transmissions.


However, such a system would incur high infrastructure and wiring costs in an outdoor carpark.

when there is more sunlight, nodes increase their level of activity, 423  Figure 1.


For all the above reasons, we believe it is of great importance to compare TPA and TCP performance in a real environment.

as soon as problems related to link-layer contention 3 become evident, TPA outperforms TCP both in terms of throughput 2 and retransmission index.


Individual or subsets of the above principles have been addressed in today s Internet or at a conceptual level in different proposals for information-centric networking, but we are not aware of a comprehensive approach taking all of them explicitly into account.

as a primary element of our design we use contentbased stream identi.ers to identify different byte streams.


In [1], forward error correction in the form of Reed Solomon codes and Tornado Codes is proposed as a potential optimization of the Deluge protocol, but these codes have a .xed rate and therefore require the retransmission of entire pages if too many packets are lost.

average dissemination time of rateless Deluge and ACKless Deluge, Fig.


We will refer to the decrease in battery level as energy consumption or energy cost and measure it in terms of percentage of battery consumed.

we chose to use a more heuristic approach by estimating the amount of tra.c being generated by a user action or starting of a non-HTTP protocol session based on information from previous sessions.


Note that in OAR, the maximum number of packets transmitted back-to-back cannot exceed the ratio between current feasible data rate and the base rate in order to maintain the temporal fairness property under single rate IEEE 802.11 [23].


Identification: To reduce the number of mobile computers, and hence the costs, doctors mad nurses in the same unit share the available mobile computers.

mobile computing in a hospital: the WARD-IN-HAND project M.Ancona, G.Dodero, V. Gianuzzi DISI, Universita" Via Dodecaneso, 35 +39 010 353 6605 F.Minuto DISEM, Universita" Viale Benedetto XV Genova, Italy +39 010 353 7955 M.Guida TXT Ingegneria informatica Via Socrate, 41 Milano, Italy + 39 02 25771.473 ancona@disi, unige, it minuto@unige.it guida@txtit ABSTRACT We present file guidelines of a new project whose main task is to exploit mobile computers, comlected via a Wireless Networks, in Personal Health systems, computerizing patient clinical records with sophisticated solutions for taking clinical infommtion at the point of care.


3.1 Overview of the HANAProtocol As stated earlier, the various changes must be made in renumbering, so it is required to design a network architecture that takes into account all these changes from the beginning in order to be of practical use.

this behavior degrades the ef.ciencyof address aggregation.


MSWiM 13, November 3 8, 2013, Barcelona, Spain.

since Pb,H ARQ is usually very small [8], Pu in Eq.


On the implementation side, our AP-client synchronization is currently susceptible to packet losses.

the blocks R and O represent REF and OPT contexts.


Where does the throughput gain come from?

a TurboRate client only announces the .rst few signi.cant taps, e.g., 5 taps, of the time-domain channels.


In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems, SenSys 08, pages 57 70, 2008.

long-range communication links are abandoned in favor of the short-range communication links.


A user can rely on their established network of friends to provide them with navigation information.

due to their success with respect to the demand for them and for the reason that they overlap in utilizing location information in some applications and services, location-based social networks (LBSNs) are emerging.


{ri,j - si,l ri,j - si,l + avgj <B N e(i, j)=2 ri,j - si,l + avgj >B Nri,j - si,l >B Here, ri,j denotes the time when the client requests video j at server i, si,l means the starting time of the latest regular channel l which is broadcasting video j, avgj is the average latency when requesting video j, B is the client side bu.er size in terms of video playback time, and N is some large number.

a multicast tree tend to have more shared links than the smaller multicast trees.


For example, client-side interactions (e.g., Ajax) that usually have longer idle time would be misclassi.ed as separate Web pages by the time-based approach.

first, we observe that the popular URLs are getting more popular as in Figure 12 (a) and (b) where we present the request percentage of the top 100,000 URLs in the United States and China.


The initial population of the genetic algorithm is randomly created by the Matlab s toolbox.

given that such QoS parameter has a different weight according to the used application, genetic algorithms are also being used to compute the weights for the network level parameters, such as delay and jitter, in order to create a normalized QoS function.


The reasonis P (score|nonrel), follow anexponentialdistribution.We estimate that the relevance probability is a concave function; i.e., responses the parameters for the two distributions using a training data set of have decreasing marginal utilityand most of the utility resides in 70 queriesandretrievedwebpages thatwerealready classi.edasrel the .rst few web pages.

tested on Google with 50 training queries and 100 test queries, Thedu is able to predicthomepage queries with 90% accuracyand 3.


REFERENCES [1] A. Skodras, C. Christopoulos and T. Ebrahimi The JPEG 2000 still image compression standard , IEEE Signal Processing Magazine , vol.

the results prove that using joint detection we can obtain higher image quality.


Testing Stateful and Dynamic Data Planes with FlowTest Seyed K. Fayaz, Vyas Sekar Carnegie Mellon University  ABSTRACT Many recent efforts have leveraged Software-De.ned Networking (SDN) capabilities to enable new and more ef.cient ways of testing the correctness of a network s forwarding behaviors.


This is because this scheduler does not provide suf.cient symbols to the SSs.

the UGS class allocates grant size -like VoIP without silence suppression (audio streaming without silence suppression).


Similar behavior is observed for other realistic price func (y-C+ E)+ tions like the penalty function p(y)= E2 used to solve the resource allocation problem.

there has been great interest in mathematically modeling the Internet s tra.c behavior.


* : (rreq, S, D, id, (V, W)) D .W : (rrep, S, D, (V, W), (sigD)) W .V : (rrep, S, D, (V, W), (sigD, sigW)) V .S : (rrep, S, D, (V, W), (sigD, sigW, sigV)) Figure 4: Operation example and messages of endairA.

contains the private key of the corrupted device corresponding to v.In the latter case, .pub is empty, and .i and .


A charging and rewarding scheme for packet forwarding.

then, MN reports on its satisfaction level to TCA: MN .


In the context of open broadband access networks, such mechanisms may be applied to subscription data or other static information such as the overall capacity of the local loop.

other potential factors to consider include the extension of battery life on the mobile node, avoiding interference between mobile nodes and load balancing to avoid crowding in specific residential cells .


USENIX Association WitMeMo 05: International Workshop on Wireless Traffic Measurements and Modeling 2 Mobility Metric De.nitions While fading links are the norm in wireless communication networks [11], the existing literature on mobility in MANETs concentrates on binary links.

we consider two metrics, link persistence and path persistence, and develop an analytical framework to derive their exact expressions as well as the corresponding link residual time and path residual time, under a random mobility environment.


In the complete URL case, each signature, by de.nition, satis.es the "speci.c" property since it is a complete string and can not be more speci.c.

this indicates that botnets are becoming an increasingly popular mechanism for spam delivery and that one botnet host is involved in multiple attacks.


If node i is the parent of node j and nodes i and j move out of communication range: Node i assumes that node j left the network and updates its cache and pre.x buffer accordingly.

in-network aggregation along a tree is susceptible to node and transmission failures, which are common in sensor networks [20, 28, 33].


This is because the record structure used is the same.

the instrumented source is then regenerated, compiled, and installed on a device.


Devices that are on the same connection medium are said to form a subnet and they can directly communicate with each other at the link layer.

we reduce the number of probes to 35,537 pairs using the inferred subnets where we probe IP address pairs that appear one hop away of a subnet.


For example, in Figure 8(a)-8(c), we can observe that the decrease in the installation time is 10%, 9%, and 8%, respectively.

if Tango has 5,000 rules to install on the hardware switch, it will write the sequence in the ascending order to achieve low rule installation latency.


REFERENCES [1] C. J. Baker and H. D. Gri.ths, Bistatic and multistatic radar sensors for homeland security, Advances in Sensing with Security Applications,vol.

by de.nition, given c,the value of ec i , i .


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users always need to request enough number of packets to avoid bu.er under.ow that may cause video freezing and playback disruptions.


This feedback delay is the round-trip time R(t), and varies with q(t).


To .nd the shortest path between s and d, the graph G ' can be easily transformed to a graph G '' valuated only on the edges.

computational needs for the proposed moving and trajectory models are relatively high and can range beyond the capacity of mobile devices and also consume more energy.


the result is quite accurate for N> 25 [2], [4].


Ifa packet matches multiple rules, the matching rule with the smallest index is returned.

both .elds also have a large number ofwildcards.


Transactions of the Information Processing Society of Japan, 41(3):783-91, March 2000.

we obtain four scenarios: Scenario Values of Fixed Parameters Variable 1 pctb=0.05, pct~=0.1, r=100 ), 2 )~=0.06, pct~=O.1, r=lO0 pctb 3 )~=0.06, pctb=O.05, pct~=0.1 r 4 )~=0.06, pctb=O.05, r=lO0 pct~, Table 1: Four Scenarios and Their Parameters Secondly, we also simulate the static scheduling algorithm, UxDMA, specified in [17], for comparison with PANAMA in the same simulation scenarios with as many similar param- ieters as possible, such as percentage of inactive links and .channel divisions into NAMA-UN, PAMA-UN and signal :sections, where UxDMA uses a different coloring scheme for each section.


Summary results from all these experiments for both Sprint-1 and Abilene are presented in Table 3.

then .i is de.ned as column i of the routing matrix A, normalized to unit norm: .i =Ai/Ai.


, OneProbe can simultaneously detect the probe pair s  y R00 R10 R01 R11 P00 P10 P01 P11   (b)The six loss-pair events.

loss pairs have not been reported in actual networkpath measurement.


In sum, Toread achieves higher performance without increasing the overhead.

in CNAE CDF, Toread s advantage on short links prediction is even more impressively shown.


C2 implies that at steady state, if xs, qs are perturbed by dxs, dqs respectively, then (dxs)T dqs < 0.

it is a less contingent condition since each source is typically enabled 2 or 3 routes in reality.


Not only can the degree of order now be controlled, but also the nature of photonic crystal packing hexagonal versus square, for example.

a high degree of ordering is a necessary but not a sufficient condition to control the flow of light.


Considering alarge numberofhostswithinanaircraft,theneedfor network mobility(NEMO) arises.

therefore in our case,thereis not any needfor extendingMOBIKE[6] for carrying SPI information since its uniqueness is satis.ed by synchronizing SPI assignment among HAs.


It is therefore easy to apply to real commercial systems.

rMTD algorithm has O(n2) space complexity and it results in memory limitation problem due to its full scan manner.


Such extra channel information as additional overhead can be more than compensated by the reduced size of the BF-R frame when the client has multiple antennas.

the second step determines the beamforming weights of each AP and client based on its optimized antenna usage.


In particular, we usethe availablegeographic(e.g., downtown vs. suburb) and otherproperties(e.g., residential vs. business area) of given areas that we obtain from publicly available sources.

we will show how we caninfergenericuser mobilityproperties(Sections2.2,3.1), as well as correlate locations with application usage (Section 3.2).


they will only be served directly by their sources in this case).

we also need to extend CEDO to account for other global performance ob jectives than network throughput.


These tables include 3 Tier-1 ASs, AS1, AS3549, and AS7018.

table 8: Distribution of multihomed and singlehomed ASs whose pre.xes are SA pre.xes for AS1, AS3549, and AS7018 # of ASs whose pre.xes are SA pre.xes Table 9: The number of pre.xes contributes to pre.x splitting and pre.x aggregating.


This avoids redundant transmissions by leveraging recently overheard packets that are present in the cache.

figure 15 indicates that in our campus testbed, Ditto performs comparably to the end-to-end scheme.


Error bars in our results correspond to 90% con.dence intervals.

the approximation can start with an initial caching policy, determine the congestion, and then utilize the congestion to update the caching policy.


The authors also use the virtual machine methaphor: each client process group conceptually runs in a virtual machine, with an independent IP address space [15].

these approaches either require changes to all hosts participating in the communication or do not provide privacy for the whole protocol stack or the system.


Jie Hui, Aaron Drake, Kevin Lau T-Mobile USA Inc.* {Jie.Hui, Aaron.Drake, Kevin.Lau} @t-mobile.com   Figure 1: A: Overview of RRC state machine design.

delays for packets sent during the demotion process experience high delays and loss rates an order of magnitude higher than normal.


Remember, both LSAs reside side by side in the LSA database of each router in the AS.

it would thus be di.cult for an attacker to gain real control over the routing tables of other routers.


But when node 2 wakes up and broadcasts its regular beacon, node 1 will receive this beacon.

we focus on a particular node, (say N1), and investigate how this node discovers other nodes.


Consider the set of packets Fk-1 that are present in the network at time Tk-1 - 1,i.e.

we characterize the set of network topologies on which there is any online protocol (centralized or not) which achieves reliability whenever reliability can be maintained by the adversary.


See the Evaluation section for more details.

sAPSM Core is a kernel module responsible for determining the priority of packets traversing through the network stack.


In real-lifenetworks,splitting asiteintodi.erentTAsis not a commonpractice.

the experiments demonstrate the e.ectiveness of overlapping TALs for mitigating mobility signaling congestion.


The results highlight that Mobile IPv6 can be used on 6LoWPAN with areduced impact on delay and throughput thanks to the existing compression mechanisms.

in such con.guration, an additional byte is placed just after the LOWPAN IPHC encoding .eld.


The .rst node which discovers a hole will initiates a Hole Boundary Approximation (HBA) message and forwards the message around the hole by the right-hand rule to collect information of the A-polygon2.

our approach ensures that the hole shape data never exceeds the memory space allowed, while the approximation accuracyis arguably close to the best possible.


By including a smaller segment, lmin decreases and atCP increases (according to (4)), thus the revenue from these segments decreases.

in Figure 2(a) we plot the group utility improvement of each collusion group when all other groups are colluding in 100 experiments.


AAA, in particular, is only meaningful theoretically.

when one authentic message is present, the window size of nodes one hop away is increased to two, which means succeeding faked messages can reach nodes two hops away.


Both approaches rely on acknowledgments to decide whether to initiate retransmissions.

note that since all data packets carry a 65-byte application payload, the packet delivery rate can be translated into effective data delivery rate.


SDN has the capability to provide clear and easy management of complex operational challenges in large scale networks.

our current solution is simplistic in the sense that we have a one-to-one mapping between VLAN ID and slice ID, this provides a clear abstraction for network virtualization.


Similar in principle to the main idea in [16], are the solutions proposed in [25] and [23].

of the 2003 Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR 2003), Turin, Italy, June 2003.


For the switched model, heavy tra.c analysis has revealed some intriguing relations between the policy parameter a and the performance of the system through a phenomenon known as state space collapse.

thus [] LT -1E k=0 BkP(XT * = a) = P(YT * = a) = .


We can see from the plot of the nominal channel load that the o.ered load is more than enough to saturate the channel at points above 7.69 packets per second (source packet rate).

a minimum rate of 2 packets per second is imposed such that a source sending at this rate will ignore subsequent suppression messages.


To have a sense of proximity to the intended destination d, 1-hop geographic information gathered from HELLO messages is available at every node.

the nexthop determination building block must also be aware of the current queue length since the protocol computes forwarding decisions using queue sizes.


The frame time or pulse repetition time Tf typically may be a hundred to a thousand times the pulse width.

not surprisingly, the above performance improvements will grow as the magnitude of the value being transmitted increases.


4.2 Synchronous model In the synchronous time model, in each time slot every node contacts a neighbor to receive messages.

our algorithm uses an information spreading algorithm as a subroutine, and as a result its running time is a function of the running time of the information spreading algorithm it uses.


For the Canopy network and LocationFree, only 15% of the packets were received less than seven msecs of each other with 50% of the packets being received at seven msecs.

for the Location-Free and Planet stream, even though the Sleep value of six msec and Wait value of one msecs achieved 98% of the sleep duration while being active for 107% of the optimal active duration, it also lost 78% of the incoming packets.


Thus a node A can be represented by a k-tuple: A = a1a2 ·· · ak,where ai .

the communication between servers within an element (i.e., intra-element communication) is conducted through the .rst port of each server, while the communication between servers in di.erent elements (i.e., inter-element communication) is conducted through the second port of each server.


We next build FP by applying the following scheme.

we will use the same notation for both parameters and also denote by fP the false positive rate.


By this dynamic approach, we can enable fairer and more efficient allocation of scarce resources such as the radio spectrum.

in these applications, base stations are controlled by a commercial mobile network operator and users subscribe to the service.


IP-radio module: An IP-based car would have a device to connect it to the internet, of course.

mOST, a technology aiming at in-car digital audio transmission introduced in the 1990s, comes with a more sophisticated middleware solution based on function blocks .


Speci.cally, a Linear Programming (LP) based scheme is presented to compute end-to-end rate allocation with the goal of maximizing network throughput.

the MMRA scheme obtains very low network throughput in every scenario.


Due to space constraints, we focus here on two comments that appear in several reviews: (1) It is true that if the token bucket is too small we may not be able to detect it.

anotherinteresting aspect ofRRis that shapingdepends on 1 9000 Capacity 8000 Shaping rate 7000 0.8 6000 5000 4000 0.6 CDF CDF Burst size (KB) Rate (Kbps) 3000 2000 0.4 1000 Upstream: non-shaping 0.2 Upstream: shaping Downstream: non-shaping Downstream: shaping 0 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 Capacity (Kbps) Figure6:Comcast: distributionof capacitiesinnon-shaping and shaping rate in shaping runs.


In other words, giving a channel j, the probability of a node to be subscribed to that channel is given LM by Pop(j)= N · jß / i=1 iß,with ß = 1.

using this information a node estimates how many users are interested in the channels of discovered items and how those items are spread in the network.


We connect an end host to B3 that sends a single broadcast packet.

count to in.nity starts at t=10 and no for- Detection Time Detection Time warding loop is formed.


Hence the lifetime of the network can be improved to large extents.

wireless sensor networks differ greatly from traditional ad hoc wireless networks and therefore require the usage of new types of network protocols, which are energy-ef.cient to ensure a node lifetime of several years on a single battery and which can operate without assistance of central managers in a dynamic network topology.


However, we believe that information that has a speci.c function at the network or transport level should be represented with speci.c headers.

tag sets di.er from IP pre.xes in a crucial way.


These criteria can be relaxed or tightened to provide results at di.erent points in the trade o. between the completeness of the classi.cation versus its accuracy.

points in the p2p case fall either on top or below the diagonal.


On the other hand, SNIR is dependent on which end of the link is transmitting.

speci.cally, if the destination determines that a backup node has forwarded the packet, then a route update is initiated.


Observe that the second matrix is an ordinary rotation.

[17] H. Karl and A. Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks.


Maintaining alternate routes for a data .ow can make the network resilient against route breakage in case of node failures and mobility.

[9] is the protocol that comes closest to our network model from a functional point of view, since it tries to satisfy larger capacity requirements by transmitting on multiple paths in parallel.


Itisworth noting thatthe actualemulation results of Dice havelower utility thanthosepredicted by the optimizationframework(6).

the noncooperative game isahierarchical game[21],inwhichthepricingprotocolis theleaderatthehigherlevel,whiletheplayers arefollowers at the lower level, which sel.shly update their net payo..


We observe that the precomputation time .uctuates with the number offailures and is typically below half an hour.

e}as the detour route .e, because pe is de.ned on the original topology and may assign non-zero traf.c to e, i.e., pe(e) > 0.


up to 211 elements in our examples); the receivers need to store the entire TPK where each element is a hash-value (128 bits using MD5).

theorem 1 provides the probability of a successful attack on PEAC in relation to the number of revealed authenticated messages per period of time.


Master s thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2000.

it also illustrates the behavior of ambulances going to 0.8and from events and hospitals.


the worst case latency without failover varies considerably in congested networks with con.dence intervals reaching 10.


Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Network Architecture and Design].

concurrency and related critical aspects like timer management are handled using low-level operating system mechanisms.


Any deployed node can only communicate with nodes deployed on the same edge of the tree.

a=i the probability that i and j cannot communicate with each other given that u and v cannot communicate with each other is, j-1v-1 .. p( kla,la+1 Ala,la+1 <Kij | kla,la+1 Ala,la+1 <Kuv).


For example, Always Best Connected [12] seeks to achieve best performance and coverage.


4.2 describes the interface between the DiamEAP server and an EAP method plug-in.

the fragmentation information is used for fragmentation and reassembly of an EAP packet.


Our evaluation shows that Ghost performs well, always ensuring consistent p2p play with the maximum number of players, while preventing any one player from destroying the quality of play for others.

it can compensate for only small amounts of delay and jitter in the network.


According to our previous de.nition, an inconsistency is reported if the tested agentsperformdi.erent actions when exposed tothe same input.

in this case, the order in which message .elds should be validated is not madeexplicitinthespeci.cations.


it is clear that GAMT scales to frequent updates very well with the help of our e.cient update mechanism.


Let D = {dij |1 = i,j < leq|U|} is the set of channel demands, where Dij indicates that there is a channel request from ui to uj .

at the same time, interference level and energy consumption can be also de creased.


For even simpler connections, hosts are directly connected to IB ports on IBoWA devices with SM running on one of them.

effects of RDMA CM over a wide-area connection of length d of type B using ¯ a message size of s.Let TB (d) denote the average throughput with 8M message size over 10 repeated measurements on a wide-area connection of type B and length d. As in the case of previous section, we compute ¯¯ TB (d0 )-TB (di) the DPM of IB throughput as DB (di)= .


This can sometimes become dangerous for miners as the extraction process goes on near the sealed rooms of the panel.

the maximal circular area covered by each SN is given as SRs2 s2 .


Here, the first packet is signaled to the CPU after approximately 50 fs.

[5] Bolla R., Bruschi R., Davoli F., Cucchietti F., Energy Efficiency in the Future Internet: A Survey of Existing Approaches and Trends in Energy-Aware Fixed Network Infrastructures, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol.


Network throughput prediction has attracted much attention in the .eld of network research, and various throughput prediction methods have been proposed.

.-SVR .nds a function f(x) that approximates future values accurately.


, Vh such that V1 = GW , .l .h l=2 Vl = V, and Vi n Vj = Ø if i j and 1 = i, j = h. Note = P(v, gi)between v and gi, then pv,gi = pei .

the time com-Cp plexity of the proposed algorithm is O(|V||E|2 ), assuming only if (i) .d = (pu,v ' · pv ' ,gj - pu,v · pv,gi )· L(u) > 0, L ' and (ii) either (gi) = L(gi)- pu,v · pv,gi · L(u) = Q or Q - L(gj) > Q - L ' (gi).


If this proxy additionally functions as a TCP proxy such as Performance Enhancing Proxies[10], it will work smoothly also with a web browser at an external host.

one of them, the manuscript .le (typically an html .le), prescribes the page layout and includes its text and some links to other contents to be shown on the web page.


no power control is considered.A slow fading Rayleigh channel between Tx and Rx is assumed where the channel remains quasistatic over an entire frame of OFDM symbols (coherence time).Moreover, the channel is assumed to be known at the receiver.

due to the scarcity of radio frequency resources and the demand for signi.cantly increased system throughput, the spectral e.ciency of future cellular systems has to be increased considerably.it is not su.cient to dimension the system for a worst-case scenario with regard to the achievable SINR, but rather make the system adapt its transmission capacity to the changing channel and interference conditions.adaptive modulation [5] is assumed in this analysis.It has to be noted that, capacity loss due to signaling overhead of adaptive modulation, is not considered in this model.The aim of this study is to get the upper bound of capacity assuming ideal adaptive modulation.Moreover, in order to isolate the interference e.ects from frequency o.set, other ideal conditions (e.g.


The points labeled with export time show the durations of the phases 2, 3 and 4, while the points labeled with overall export time include the network communication overhead (phases from 1 to 5).

when a signature is fragmented, there is not a single network packet containing all the information necessary to detect the intrusion attempt.


[7] M. E. J. I. Ronda, Rate control and bit allocation for mpeg-4, in In Proc.

this optimal distribution S * is equal to: * ** * * uu u 0 1 N S = , ,., ., ., uN-1 , (16) n0 n1 nN-1 nN  5.


Spatial Strata vs frequency-domain coding.

overall, the barcode video essentially adopts non-uniform frame rates.


To use the fast open cookie that it received from a server, the client performs the following steps: 1.

since congestion control only takes place after TCP s handshake completes, and TFO is only in use during the handshake, the two are entirely separate.


Sub-2-Sub: Self-Organizing Content-Based Publish Subscribe for Dynamic Large Scale Collaborative Networks.

the in-network duplicate elimination scheme used by XTreeNet system [18] has two major limitations.


EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, pages 1 13, 2006.

eV-LOC DESIGN In this section, we present the design of EV-Loc.


Initially, the ideal transmission power is set to the maximum value allowed by the transceiver.

the strict requirements force networking protocols to be as much energy-e.cient as possible.


One approach is to use a di.erent algorithmic methodology such as a linear programming formulation, as discussed in the next section.

while DTN applications are expected to be tolerant of delay, this does not mean that they would not bene.t from decreased delay.


11, 2011, MK News, http://news.mk.co.kr/ [5] IEEE P802.11e/D13.0 : Amendment: Medium Access Control (MAC) Quality of Service (QoS), 2005.

table 2 shows the details of the cycle and the interval.


The algorithm terminates when all events up to the time T have been processed.

we implement a message to be processed in its entirety as it arrives at each intermediate hop.


Obviously, the Data Transfer phase constitutes the main phase of the multicast packet forwarding mechanism.

tHE MULTICAST PACKET FORWARDING MECHANISM In this section, we describe the multicast packet forwarding mechanism, with the use of the Temporary Multicast Routing Lists (TMRL) and Permanent Multicast Routing Lists (PMRL).


A more sophisticated admission control mechanism can be used to improve the 0.1 fairness.

the network capacity refers 10 to the maximum number of users that can be admitted into the network assuming that all the users have the same QoS 101 requirements (i.e., the same size).


CoPTUA worsens the commoncase update effort (e.g., up to 50x more than conventional TCAMs) to achieve non-atomic updates.

similarly, we compute the maximum number of moves by adding as many rules as the replication factor, which is two for TreeCAM, resulting in two rules to be displaced at each subarray for all the subarrays.


.guration stanzas can, in theory, be reused across different customersprovisioned on the samedevices.

although both enterprise and residential networks are rapidly adoptingthese services,thereislittle systematic workonthedesign challenges and trade-offs ISPsfaceinproviding them.


For this purpose the sink uses its directional antenna to measure the angle of arrival (AOA) [8] and the received signal strength (RSSI) [9] from a sensor node.

in case of the M-MoSBoD algorithm Eedge = 3Ereceive + 3Esend.


These protocols try to find the best quality path among all possible paths between a relay node and DAPs.

fTRA Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 1, 3 (Nov. 2011), 1-14.


Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Sensor Networks]: Miscellaneous General Terms Design, measurement Keywords Sensor placement, Sensor modeling 1 Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for building automation have demonstrated themselves to be a low cost solution in terms of installation and retro.t costs.

the .tness function consists of weighted normalized values, the number of selected sensors (N) which is included to consider the infrastructure cost associated with the deployment.


Each client periodically wakes up and stays active in the high power state, while the other remains in light-sleep during that interval.

irrespective of convergence, SleepWell APs will still continuously provide complete 802.11 AP services for all associated clients.


Then, it changes its reference clock only when the new reference clock has earlier time than the original one.

it is not suitable for D2D communication.


The 802.11e standard mandates that AIFSN[i] = 2, where the minimum limit of 2 slots corresponds to the Distributed Interframe Space (DIFS) interval of legacy 802.11.

in our scenario we consider an implementation where the MAC-part of the ACK is transmitted at 1 Mpbs.


While the details of our protocol distribution may be speci.c to Dartmouth, we expect that others in academic environments will see approximately the same set of activities dominating: web, email, backup, .le transfer, and .le sharing.

a building s APs are connected through a switch or hub to the building s existing subnet.


In summary, despite the fact that both sampling types can theoretically be inverted, the numerical study carried out in this section reveals the following: j (number of packets per flow) Figure 5: Inversion of the pj, heavy thinning: Empirical CCDF of the number of packets per .ow for the IPLS trace, and estimated CCDFs obtained from .ow thinned tra.c for q {0.1, 0.01, 0.001} while the number of .ows after thinning remains constant (N = 3000).

moreover, it is an ill-posed problem in the sense that small errors in the evaluation of Gp at points in ¯ the original domain D0 become magni.ed in the extrapolation [23].


Addresses are strings of bits of .xed length.

if u5 now executes CR on p0, it .lters p0, because it elects both a provider p0-route and a provider p-route.


Even if this is not possible, there might possibly exist a di.erent local Delaunay triangulation example where the face routing component of GPSR will fail.

the face routing component of GFG described in [2] only considers intersections with the line pt while p is the last intersection point where a face change has occurred.


Whenthelastdead nodeparameteris observed,theperformanceof LEACH withTruncatedARQissimilarinaverage to the performance of SCA with LEACH.

the sensor network should have a lifetime long enough to ful.ll the application requirements [2].


Vehicular safety applications, expected to improve the safety of future transportation networks, are an important motivator for a reliable vehicular communication platform.

the packet erasure function of the channel was modelled using the m-Nakagami (m = 3) model from [6] with a nominal transmission range of 300m.


We visually noticed that this may be due to concurrent decisions and some delay in the collaboration process that induce multiple UAVs to choose very similar destinations.

such a graph is generally referred as communication graph.


A foreground label demands low response time; unfortunately, striping can increase the latency for the last packet to arrive unless the networking layer correctly predicts instantaneous latency for each link.

a common mechanism makes deploying new applications that use multiple mobile networks considerably easier since each application must only provide hints as to its intent.


INTRODUCTION Fractionated satellite systems [4] such as DARPA s System F6 [5] program seek to replace today s monolithic satellites with clusters of smaller satellites, called modules.

to copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.


NICs on a node can be simultaneously used for transmission as long as they are assigned to di.erent channels.

in [15], the authors classify the static channel assignment schemes for multi-channel wireless networks into two groups, the common channel approach ([4]) and the varying channel approach ([21, 22]).


REFERENCES [1] J. S. Turner, Resequencing Cells in an ATM Switch, Tech.

the sequence based re-sequencer [2] will need to maintain at least N re-sequencers at each output, leading to O(N2) complexity.


In this case the interpretation of a protocol speci.cation isn t arbitrary.

di.erences of this sort can lead to inaccuracy of the results of modeling application performance in the network with a particular routing protocol.


In this paper, we propose a random AIFSN mechanism to achieve finer priority levels within an AC.

assigning shorter contention windows to data with higher priority ensures that on average higher-priority data will get through before lower priority data.


For all the the three algorithms, we conservatively decide the .nal link bandwidth as 90% of the estimated one.

cisco visual networking index: Global mobile data tra.c forecast update, 2012.


For more dynamic environments, the channel state can change very quickly, requiring very frequent estimation updates.

we sometimes have nodes with empty transmit queues that don t contend for the channel, thereby leaving a larger share of the channel for downstream traf.c compared to the theoretical throughput limit of C/(n + 1), where n denotes the number of clients and C the network capacity.


(Nt))(17) By integrating (17) over all possible values of CNR vector {n1,n2,··· ,nNt }, we can obtain the average PER of our cross-layer design as (1) (2) (Nt) NNN .. .

for each information packet, after Nt transmission attempts using AMC mode n1,··· ,nNt under channel CNR values equal to .


It is also worth to note that DPI may be harder with MPTCP because it is not always possible to reassemble the entire stream.

this is not the only case where a middlebox that removes an MPTCP option may cause problems.


an algorithm is de.ned to be truthtelling if each user computed bi = vi when trying to optimize bene.t.


The attack_script variations used for test cases 2, 3, and 4 are mutations of the original attack_script instance executed in test case 1.

the browser sends a Critical Alert message illegal_parameter, which means a field in the Server Hello message is out of range or inconsistent with other fields.


A 10 Gb/s link dequeues packets every 1.2 µs, which stretches the limits of today s hardware timers.

an ideal 100 Mb/s link would take 121.1 µs to transmit a 1514 byte packet, while a 1 Gb/s link would take 12.11 µs.


section 5.3 optimizes the forwarding action to achieve maximum delivery ratio, minimal delay, and energy ef.ciency, respectively.


EVALUATION AND COMPARISON We present only the representative results of simulations on a topology in the router level topology model with 1000 routers.

the network model and theoptimizationproblemdevelopedinthis paper are decomposed and fully distributed.


The lectures, designed as interactive hands-on sessions with reading assignments, were accompanied by hands-on practical assignments.

we demonstrated the feasibility of such a course with minimal .nancial costs by using a typical, low-cost research-oriented hardware platform as opposed to more expensive ones that are dedicated to teaching.


In [12], the authors propose a mobile sensor to scan through the region to get an estimate of the boundary within a given error bound.

further, S2 picks the sensor (S1 not inclusive) closest to it (S3) and assigns it as its anti-clockwise neighbor and so on.


This is to .t with the statements in the literature regarding random graphs.

we show that the .ooding time remains of the same order of magnitude as the optimal whenever .ooding is bounded to be k-active, where k is (up to a multiplicative constant) equal to the reachability threshold.


With MPTCP as transport, a wider range of topologies are costeffective.

with most such topologies it takes many simultaneous TCP connections per host to generate suf.cient .ows to come close to balancing traf.c.


Also, (j) the probability Tk that i transfers .nish when the system is in state k is given by the following expression: Tk (j) = P r[j transfers terminate at time t|Xt-1 = k] k jk-j (2) =q(1 -q).

due to space constraints and the similarity between the two, we present only the results pertaining to the 802.11a scenario.


Static vs Dynamic Learning: Our results indicate that using off-line, staticlearning on aper-userbasisis very effective atlearning accurate rules.

secondly, cellular network characteristics can change dramaticallydue to user mobility or changes inload characteristics.


In the current version of the data, we have also removed information from URL parameters that could potentially identify users.

further modi.cations were made to include information such as the time users spent on various domains and the site of data collection.


[13] S. Jana, S. N. Premnath, M. Clark, S. K. Kasera, N. Patwari, and S. V. Krishnamurthy.

each sensor node runs the maximum-.ow algorithm on the topology to .nd the path(s) through which the entropy of the key information transmitted from itself to CU can be maximized.


ROSS only requires a small constant amount of memory buffers greater than the amount needed by the sequential simulation for a constant number of processors.

we do not observe that finding the absolute best KP set- ting being critical to achieving maximum performance as was finding the best TWMemMap setting for GTW.


A di.erent technique, .ow conservation, is used in [30].

these links are then avoided by the route discovery protocol.


In this paper we perform a comprehensive investigation of Key Agreement over resource constrained ad hoc networks.

in summary, we define and later focus on minimizing the following 6 quantities, or performance metrics:  Bandwidth: n 3.2.4 ING: It uses a logical ring where each member Mi processes Bdw1 = (n-1) × R (1), + any value received from Mi-1 and communicates a new value to Mi+1 .ii,1 i=1 for (n-1) times, through Ri,i+1.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.

the proposed approach, which is deterministic and assumes perfect knowledge of the overlay edge costs, appears impracticable for large unstructured P2P-TV systems.


In our WMN model, all mesh clients are equivalent.

in the above WMN model, given , , , , and specific clients distribution, routers distribution, transmission, scheduling and routing protocols,  gateways are chosen among mesh routers such that,  is maximized.


ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Workshop, Nov. 2002.

the ac tual increase (451,489 to 5,059,379) is close to 95%.


They are the legitimacy of the pseudonym is established, the valida important yet largely orthogonal to this investigation.

we propose the following scheme to mitigate this problem: Optimization 3.


802.11 Slot Time, SIFS and AIFS structure.

an increase in 802.11 MAC hardware processing speed by a factor of the more conservative 13 % per annum is proposed for this analysis.


Hence the proposed DWDM system is suitable for a long range point-topoint communication for a coverage distance upto 1200Km.

the proposed MDRZ system with symmetrical dispersion compensation scheme provides good Qvalue (>13.12), eye opening and bit error rate (BER) performance for all the channels, for a coverage distance of 1200Km.


[8] generalized the Charny algorithm to extend the max-min fairness criterion with minimum rate requests and peak rate constraints.

no session is penalized, and a certain minimum quality of service is guaranteed to all sessions.


If the time takes to forward data from one sub-cluster to another sub-cluster is t, and if there are n subclusters, thus for serial transmission the delay time for AFN to receive data from all fine-grain clusters is n*t. If serial transmission is only restricted within a wedge, and the same sequence is applicable to other wedges, then the number of delay can be reduced by number of wedge (w).

dense network seems to perform worst than lesser dense network because in dense network more nodes transmit data to sink node which cause more communication overhead.


Deciding about this sub-set of data, that is, which data to monitor and where to locate monitors is the core of this research.

our intention is to place this in a formal methodology and thus to allow assessment and comparison of a number of measurement, monitoring and identification techniques.


network and the energy model of the mobile device was applied to the traces.

the (k + 1)th state variable is the observed throughput during the last .t time units on the active interface.


Because TCP is a full duplex algorithm, a segment carrying data may in its header carry an acknowledgment number for data the sender has itself received in its dual role as data recipient.

we assume that every data segment a given agent sends has the same size, although sizes may be heterogeneous among agents.


While the root of a single hashtree is computed by hashing the concatenation of its two childrenlct and rct (roott = H(lct||rct)), in the chained structure roott = H(lct||rct||roott+1) (2) for all 1 = t = I- 1.

1609.2: Trial-use standard for wireless access invehicular environments-security services for applications andmanagement messages.


DEMONSTRATING ROBUST DETECTION USING PIPS Presence detection is tied to packet reception -if packets are no longer received from a PIP then that PIP is missing or destroyed.

these properties naturally lead to a lower collision probability (which can compensate the higher collision rate from the protocol) and an easier recovery from collisions using softwarecollision prediction.


3.2 6 Sources of Inputs for CoE In this section, we delineate 6 complementary sources for .ltering in detail, and explain how each source is used to validate the legitimacy of received messages.

cryptography only enables origin authentication of a message that could ultimately identify a culprit only after an attack.


e1,r and e2,r are initially set to zero when the connection is established.

our results show that, MPTCP users are disproportionately aggressive and exhibit problem (P2).


[11] KHURANA, S., KAHOL, A., AND JAYASUMANA, A.

the main reason is that spectrum is becoming scarce in the unlicensed band, especially due to the proliferation of dense wireless deployments.


for a reasonably large network the boundary effect is negligible.


Most of the features available in the software, except the network wide features, support both graphical and text based versions of the output.

the missing links are shown as dotted lines in the VLAN spread.


The BSD Packet Filter: A New Architecture for User-level Packet Capture.

intrusions cannot be detected by a single component, and a distributed approach is needed.


In the simulation, each cell i has an associated mobility rate Wmi and query rate Wqi, which are generated by an exponential random number generator, as shown in Table 1.

a mobile terminal knows which location area it is in.


While N increases, the channel condition between the selected relay node and the destination node gets better, and more packets are successfully transmitted between the selected relay node and the destination node.


3.2.3 Communication Protocol using Two NICs When a machine has two NICs, WiFiPro.ler uses one of them as the helper adapter, thereby avoiding the need to disturb the connection on the primary adapter.

wiFiPro.ler leverages speci.c knowledge of the wireless networking domain to make semantically meaningful diagnoses based on a limited volume of relevant information received from peers.


Take the point in V (y) closest to x, denoted by w. |xw|= |xy|-2.

the multi-resolution data summaries provide a basis for information mining, data validation and e.cient range queries.


In about 6% of attacks, no packets were smaller than 100 Bytes.

since the vast majority of malicious tra.c arises from a  Individual volume Number of AS volume Percent of Interface volume contribution ASes contribution ingress interfaces contribution   > 1.0% 18 32.08 0.02 89.80  0.1% 126 30.58 0.042 8.53 <=0.1% 15743 37.34 1.083 1.67   Table 5: Distribution of origin ASes and ingress interfaces of the SureFlow extended data set.


While the static PSM approach allows the device to save power by only waking up whenpackets areoutstanding attheAP,thelatency involved in receiving packets via PS-POLL has been found tobehighforinteractive applications such as webbrowsing[19].

[29] E.Shih,P.Bahl,andM.Sinclair.WakeonWireless:An EventDrivenEnergySavingStrategyforBatteryOperated Devices.In MobiCom,2002.


In Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, pages 576 581, June 2005.

applications using SCTP would experience some performance degradation if failover occurs.


Fortunately, MCF-P is not only more predictable than MQL but also achieves better performance (as shown in [22]) in terms of defection probability, average waiting time, and unfairness.

the server knows when each channel will be available.


3.2 Bound the Degree Locally In the previous section, we have described a localized algorithm that can construct a planar spanner using O(n)messages.

eXPERIMENTS In this section we measure the performance of the new bounded degree and planar spanner by conducting some experiments.


The more variability in the channel conditions, the more loss in terms of sum of rates results from applying the game model rather than PFS.

experiments suggest, for example, that a distributed asynchronous scheduling game with one-at-atime transmission performs well relative to PFS even though the game model only requires local information.


Each IP datagram is de.ned by a set of parameters (e.g., application ID, access method, size or remaining bytes).

acknowledgements The authors thank Thales Alenia Space, CNES and NICTA for support and several discussions.


We adopt the free space path loss model with exponent 4 to calculate the propagation attenuation.

joint routing and scheduling in multi-hop wireless networks with directional antennas.


µ<0.1) and the messages are delivered with small delays.

5) the resulting protocol syntheses outperform the original ones by achieving lower message delivery delays.


We collect data DD from four hosts in PlanetLab [9] that are located in Asia, Europe, US east coast and US west coast.


1(c) shows the directed successor graph for destination E at time t3 after node C updates its routing table.

since I has an active route to D, by Theorem 3, we have along path Q from I to D, F LI >F Lm1 > F Lm2 >... >F L mk-1 > F LD At any in- D. stant, we have LI 2 F LI For the RREQ to satisfy SLC DDD D D D .


Lemma 7 allows us to rewrite the identi.ability conditions in Theorem 5 in terms of the vertex-connectivity of G * .

similar to the case of random topologies, the results show clear di.erences between the maximum identi.ability under di.erent probing mechanisms, especially between OCAP and the other two.


BitTorrent alone was still responsible for more downloaded tra.c than any tunneling or remote access protocols.

we note that the decrease of P2P tra.cobservedinourstudy wasmuchgreaterthanthe amount of new tra.c that could be associated with tunneling and .le transfers.


The proposed architecture utilizes satellites for building a backbone network for connecting superpeers.

this leads to frequent overlay reconstructions, thus increasing the complexity.


Our previous work showed that RR had the potential to detect route changes and could be applied toward a more reliable traceroute [38].

tR discovers the IP address for the incoming interface whereas RR can discover the outgoing or internal routing interface depending on implementation.


Phase C. In this third phase, the SCS ends and all nodes must apply the new clock and then simultaneously start the .rst DS slot.

at the end of slot P of the SCS, each node n updates its local clock based on the newly computed offset.


With lim- ited energy resources, the sensors must conserve power to prolong their lifetime.

the following lists some of the main charac- teristics of sensor networks.


Conversely, if R3 returns R3.s and the path to subnet Sn is P or P '' then some other alive interface l .


One can observe that k and ps have speci.c in.uences on the curves slopes.

in NSF Workshop on Context-Aware Mobile Database Management (CAMM), Providence, RI, USA, January 2002.


We cannot, however, claim that such a minimal capability exists for every conceivable middlebox (e.g., consider an appliance that encodes outgoing traf.c for packet loss protection), nor that APLOMB+ can fully replicate the behavior of dedicated appliances.

deploying new features in the network entails deploying new hardware infrastructure.


The AAR identifies the application that should be activated in order to handle the NFC message conveyed through the touch interaction.

this application will be, henceforth, referred to as Touch2Offload, since it enables, through a touch event, the offloading of media traffic to another device.


from the start (zero crossing of the power cycle) of each period of a power cycle as a time reference for each node.

with this power we had no trouble synchronizing Vidyut nodes as far as two hundred feet away to enable Enterprise LAN based applications.


Since the number of consecutive pairs of bypasses in B is at most IBI -1, the length of p' is at most the length ofp plus IBI - 1. el el e2 e3 e2 (a) s wl vl w2 v2 w3 v3 w4v4 t el e2 _e3 (b) s wl vl w2 v2 w3 v3 w4v4 t el el e2 e2 (c) s wl vl v2 w3 v4 t x y x y z w zw s w, vl v2 w3 v4 t EH o---o o o o o o o o o s x y x y zw z w t el e2 n* ..... (0 s wl vl v2 w3 w4 v4 t Figure 1: Illustration of the proof of Theorem 1.

although requirements for these goals have been outlined [5], there is little understand- ing of how to make effective use of MPLS mechanisms to administer large IP networks.


It is possible to see that for large buffers f0 is a higher than f1.

schedulers are implemented in association with each QS to select appropriate service order to ATM cells.


In this case, the network has two anycast servers.


importing and updating state is very di.cult today.


system clock frequency then the total average time spent in scanning t character text is tMs.

it doesn t at any state, the machine looks at next k characters and looks for a match for all of them (in which case it makes a transition to another state) or looks for a matching pre.x of k characters (for tail matching).


In [20], each client is assigned a unique bit sequence, named transmission request.

they either achieve asymptotic optimality or su.er from high-overhead and requirement of stringent time synchronization.


In such applications, on-line boundary detection is a crucial function, as it allows us to track the event variation in a timely fashion.

it allows the network users to be aware of the geometry of the network, which infers either the sensing coverage (if the network only partially covers the targeted event) or the boundary of the targeted event (if the network fully covers it).1 While most of the existing boundary detection approaches are designed just for a one-time shot , the detection actually has to be constantly conducted, given the time-varying nature of the event under surveillance.


Each sensor is able to create, maintain and update a path table that records the di.erent paths to the sink.

in the sparse mode, achieved throughput is almost the same.


In terms of routing semantics, this name means that if you follow routing entries to com, you are guaranteed to .nd an entry for com.CNN somewhere along your path, and similarly if you follow routing entries to com.CNN you will eventually .nd an entry for com.CNN.headlines.

we imagine that search engines and social networks will play an important role in future trust mechanisms involving RWIs.


Asymptotics and Special Functions, pages m.T 309 312.

this property is agood evidencefor a nearly exponentialdistribution.


Then, cpy1,1 = cpy1,3 =cpy1,5 =1,and cpy1,j =0for all other destinations Dj .

we argue that far more signi.cant network-wide bene.ts can be derived by redesigning network routing protocols to leverage the universal deployment.


Nodes periodically broadcast beacon packets which serve two purposes.

developing robust topology control protocols that perform well in indoor environments is challenging, due to complex and dynamic wireless characteristics.


Strictly speaking, the guaranteed bandwidth property is achieved by any allocation, since the number of contenders isalwaysboundedinpractice(e.g., evenwithaper.owallocation,thereisapracticallimittothenumberof.owsused).

in a different model that satis.es only monotonicity, A could be guaranteed a sizable fraction of its access link capacity, regardless of the communicationpattern of B.


Thus, the malicious relay hi+ can gain no additional information if it learns how many relays follow it.

to defend against such a situation, we make the observation that a single machine likely controls only a contiguous range of IP addresses, typically by promiscuously receiving packets addressed to any IP address on a particular LAN or by acting as a gateway router.


SUMMARY In this paper, we have presented a network service architecture for the next-generation Internet.

[29] Wolf, T. Challenges and applications for network-processor-based programmable routers.


Note that as Bottom: Same frequency results in the minimum aggregate DC current requirement (node transmit current).

while some work has considered large scale effects [2, 3], small scale fading effects that may be experienced by WSN have been largely ignored [4, 5].


In addition, we were not able to obtain any dynamic recon.gurable FPGAs, which can be used to implement fast and huge telecom data processing circuits and fast recon.guration.

in the .ow represented by the solid-line, a data frame is routed to the IP termination on module A and then to TCP termination on module C. The dashed-line shows the .ow when module A is in busy, in which case the data frame is routed to module B.


The PSNR value greater than 30 dB indicates that the corresponding video frame is successfully decoded and played.With the cross-layer mapping scheme, only the PSNR values of I-frames are greater than 30 dB because most P-frames cannot be decoded due to the excess of playout time constraint.

section 3 presents our proposed scheme in detail.


Figure 4 shows the individual ROC curves obtained by varying the classification threshold ClassThresh, i.e., the boundary separating benign scores from malicious scores, of Disclosure s detection module.


We can see under a small ., all three algorithms have small blocking probabilities.

the remote source transmits the .le to the base-station, and then the base-station transmits to the mobile user.


The communication between LISP nodes inside the same LISP domain does not change due to LISP.

figure 1 shows a packet .ow sequence for the communication between two LISP clients located in different LISP domains.


If there are L classes with large minimum chunk sizes in the layout, this e.ect can be substantial.

weexaminethe e.ect of the schedulers themselves on jitter in §4.1 before looking at jitter and latency in the context of the end-toend system in §4.2.


In Information Processing in Sensor Networks, pages 218 225, April 2006.

either the complete coverage or how to achieve the non-uniform deployment was not mentioned.


We deal with these errors as follows: Error on data transmission/reception: If wireless modules are break down in the operations, this node will move to the manager directly and exchange the storage device.

based on the above observations, we introduce a practical scheme for delivering data with concerning a practical world issues in MRS. We call this scheme MOSRA.


In such cases, the spread of particles will typically be large instead of being con.ned to a small region.

zee offers a truly zero-effort solution for crowdsourcing WiFi data for the purpose of indoor localization, by leveraging the walks that users take through the space of interest in normal course.


To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speci.c permission and/or a fee.

meta level adaptation consists of inter-service and intraservice adaptation.


Extensible Hierarchical Simulation of Network Systems Xinming Chen Tilman Wolf Department of Electrical and Computer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Engineering University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA xinmingchen@ecs.umass.edu wolf@ecs.umass.edu ABSTRACT The system architecture of a network system is of fundamental importance to the performance of computer networks.

end Nodes: These components send and receive Ethernet frames.


Model-based techniques for data reliability in wireless sensor networks.

the MSE distortion of the corrected data for the proposed JML algorithm remains fairly constant, thereby demonstrating that an approximate prior sensor data model can be successfully employed to drastically reduce the reported data error.


[10] use simulation to show unfair CSMA/CA parking lot scenarios and validate a multihop wireless backhaul fairness model.

we also show that an accurate throughput-signal-strength characterization is critical: a network planned using the manufacturer s reported values overestimates the link range by approximately three times the appropriate value, and would result in a nearly completely disconnected network.


As we describe in Section 3, such systems can also be adaptive, autonomically selecting appropriate mappings of virtual components to physical components to maximize application performance or other objectives.

[27] LIN,B., AND DINDA, P. Vsched: Mixing batch and interactive virtual machines using periodic real-time scheduling.


We consider both the nonpreemptive model and the preemptive model, where packets stored in the queues can be discarded in order to free space for new packets.

it is crucial to note that we use the simulation of TL in the preemptive relaxed model even when we generate a nonpreemptive algorithm GSA from a single queue nonpreemptive admission control strategy A.


In case of using DTA, query scheduling becomes less complex as the optimizer applies DTA to smaller sectors.

while considering DTA based approach smaller sectors can also reduce the number of potential good query schedules explored by DTA.


[29] Q. Zhao, A. Kumar, J. Wang, and J. Xu.

in order to control the network settings, we use the simulated delay sets and traf.c demands, as we discussed in Section 5.1.


3.2 Con.guring NDN Deployment In order to obtain a fully functional NDN network stack for the IoT, a FIB autocon.guration mechanism is needed: in IoT scenarios, even less than in other scenarios, one cannot expect humans in the loop, so manual con.guration is not part of the deployment.

while Bluetooth provides its own, IEEE 802.15.4 does not.


A node is in contact with = the nodes that stay in the same community.

cAR[20] provides attribute-based general framework for computing utility that can be aware of remaining battery and other properties as well as contact statistics.


centertrack: An IP overlay network for tracking DoS .oods.


4.1 System Information System information such as cache con.guration, processor load, and interrupt a.nity plays a critical role in deciding how to map the applications.

their focus is on processor utilization rather than performance.


As each link has d di.erent identities, we get d candidate BFs that are equivalent representations of the delivery tree.

the focus of BANANAS is on host-centric multipath communications, while ours is centered around non-global, opaque Link IDs and their compact representation.


As a motivating example, consider the topology inFigure1 with twobi-directional.owsbetweenA andD.In traditional singlepath routing, the expected number of transmissions todeliver onepacket over eachhopis2due to the50%loss rates, and altogether8 transmissions are requiredtodeliver onepacketfor each ofthetwo .ows.

o3, O3-Intra, and MORE out-perform SPP by taking advantage of opportunistic routing to effectively combat lossy wireless links.


MoB implements a content processing engine, which performs various optional functions including data compression, traf.c .ltering, etc.

as the reputation of malicious users decreased, customers stopped using them for transactions.


in the context of the mobility of wireless devices.

figure 5: Minimum number of hops between node pairs.


Likewise, PRR reflectin g the link quality of t he communication is app rop riat e p arameter to check whether or not interference existed.

in addit ion, we classify the coexistence cond ition into four states, such as static, semi-dynamic, dynamic and none, accord in g to the holding time of interference.


Now, observe that Aj,u > tj holds if and only if (1) the message could not have been delivered through a direct contact of user u with a source, i.e.

this investigation focuses on the message dissemination time de.ned as the time it takes for a message originated from a node to reach all nodes connected to the source through a path of length limited to some .xed number of hops.


A trade-off in making this separation is that an additional mapping is required to bind and disseminate current location with an identifier.

continued examination of the Default Free Zone routing table [3] has led to contemplation of short-term proposed research/engineering solutions involving tunnels and a BGP-less core Internet to reduce table size as well as reduce route convergence time of the pathvector routing algorithm of BGP [4].


Property P1 can be seen by noting that for any (possibly dependent) random variables X and Y, P{aX + bY >t}=P{X>t/(2a)}+ P{Y>t/(2b)}.

random variables) with each step distributed as Rx = RA cos .A- RBd cos .B .


Assume, without loss of generality, that the attributes involved in the original given range, R,are {tlt2...tk}.

we do not claim that queries covered in this section form a complete set of possible queries on sensors, nor do we claim that this is the best classi.cation of queries for all applications.


MPTCP with 4 sub.ows (not shown) performs substantially worse, achieving an average throughput that is 21% lower than LocalFlow.

a network is symmetric if for all sourcedestination pairs (s, d), all switches on the shortest paths between s and d that are the same distance from s have identical outgoing capacity to d. any of these switches are equally good intermediate candidates for routing a .ow between s and d. Using the example of Figure 2, switches Y and Z are both on a shortest path between (A,E), and both have one link of outgoing capacity to E. Real deployments and most proposed datacenter architectures satisfy the symmetry property.


For example if a node that is located somewhere in the area between the two gateways, sends tra.c to either one of the gateways, it will at the same time interfere the medium of the other gateway, preventing it from receiving tra.c.

the results also indicate that above a certain level of asymmetry, the advantages of load balancing will decrease as in the case of the asymmetric topology set III.


The detailed analytical comparison of the bounds can be found in Appendix 8.2.

we will use cycle as the basic unit of time.


In addition, as the number of ordinary nodes in a cluster is increased, the throughput drops and system performance degrades.

we use the link lifetime metric which seems more realistic than the relative mobility metric to see whether it is worth to reelect or to continue with the old CH.


Using the HPADS simulator, the number of power cells for each stage, the impedances for adequate power outputs, and the corresponding passive networks for input, inter-stage, and output matching were determined [4].

because the control voltage of the circuit controls the switching between different operating modes, there arises the need to test at different control voltage values.


This asymptotically .uid like property, is very common among the vast majority of traf.c models in stochastic literature, and can be decoupled from any type of traf.c stationarity.

the behavior and performance of these techniques in a multi-hop path with general bursty cross-traf.c is limited to experimental evaluations.


Decoupling policy and mechanism In PMI pro tocol (see Figure 1(b)), more state information, such 80 as network states, .ow states and group states in the underlay mechanisms can impact the policy decision.

a parameter gradient-based multicast routing mechanism is presented to testify the .exibility of the proposed protocol.


An energy management protocol, STEM, is proposed to work in combination with GAF or SPAN protocols.

in our target application area, the targets that are monitored and therefore being tracked are often moving within the network .eld.


Then, we checked the two WMP streams to measure the progress skew.

it seems that only three di.erent curves are presented while there are six di.erent mechanisms for comparison.


ANALYSIS -35 -45   Good TCP Download (A) Good TCP Download (B) RSSI (dBm) 4.1 802.11 Performance Anomaly The analysis begins with Figure 3 where the application -55 -65 -75 layer throughputs for the .rst three cases in Table 2 are compared to show the impact of a host in a bad location -85 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 downloading a .le while a host in a good location concurrently downloads a .le.

the results thus far focus only on analyzing [10] and measuring performance at the wireless MAC layer [2], and thus they only provide meaningful results under narrow conditions.


We use a measure d that describes the distance of nodes in the subgraph (C, E (C)): +8 if b = b ' d(cb,j ,cb.,j.

each node v checks whether there are three nodes u1,u2,u3 .


In fact, in current TCP variants such as Reno and NewReno, the actual identification of congestion is solely laid upon the observation of packet losses.

recall that a rate of Rmax=1/FHD specifies an upper bound for the achievable goodput under optimal conditions, i.e.


For a given video pro.le level, a low quality link requires more number of PRBs to achieve the same video quality as compared to a high quality link.

iEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 13(1):102 115, 2011.


Section 4 provides a performance evaluation for topologies with consistent channel state and no inter-node collaboration, and topologies with inconsistent channel state and no inter-node collaboration is studied in Section 5.

this is due to the nature of the measured metric in this case.


Therefore, to achieve a throughput fairness will enable the slower devices to occupy much longer channel access time than the others, resulting in signi.cant loss in overall network utility.

a second (winning) .ow starts in the second phase (at 60 seconds) when the two .ows begin to compete with each other for the airspace.


In such crisis situations, each emergency response team member must fuse data from their immediate vicinity with relevant information obtained from other rescuers and data warehouses, in order to maintain situational awareness to execute e.ective actions which would lead to mission objectives.

the numerator is the total distance moved to ful.l each accepted task, and the denominator is the cardinality of the set of all accepted tasks.


vA-vBl speed for RD mobility for the above case is vrd = v = 1.27. v rdv is the relative speed between the nodes when both nodes are moving, which occurs with probability pm2 .However, with probability 2pm(1 - pm) only one of the node moves with relative speed v, and with probability (1 - pm)2 none of the nodes is moving.

then, the expected hitting time (in) ETcomm until A encounters B, is given by: 1 ET(in) [l r )pr ](plTl + prTr),comm 1 -(1 -p)pl (1 -p hit hit (8) r r 2KL l where p = and p = phit .


SIGCOMM 05, August 22 26, 2005, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

every packet from a legitimate user encounters a loss rate of p. The probability for a .le transfer of n packets to get through, each within a .xed number of retransmissions k is (1- p k)n. This probability decreases polynomially as the drop rate p increases and exponentially as the number of packets n (or the .le size) increases.


The transformed data was also processed by the MINA algorithm.

nodes that are equal to, or above the cuto.


Figures 2 and 3 show that concurrently transmitted packets are all corrupted when they have nearly equivalent signal strength at the receiver.

if N is the average ambient noise level mea -85 sured at the receiver, we can then calculate the signal-to  interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) as: -90 -95 10RSSdBm /10 - 10NdBm /10 SINRdB =10 log10 (1) 10JRISdBm /10 Note that we base our SINR values from measurements taken directly at the receiver.


The .rst approach,7 termed inef.ciency, attributes one view to each category that the video is part of; consequently, a video with two categories, BL and AM , will have one view allocated to each.


This would give users a chance to avoid applications that do not use HTTPS at all.

finally, in 78 apps, MalloDroid found a SSLSocketFactory provided by a developer library that accepts all certi.cates.


[4] L. Kleninrock and F. Kamoun, Hierarchical  Routing for Large Networks: Performance  Evaluation and Optimization , Computer  Network,vol.

reducing a number of operations required to find path between a specified source and destination.


EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED For our experiments, we used two types of PCs: PC of type H: They were traffic generators and measurers.

hence, we excluded the results of this tool from our analysis.


Then it updates the current minimal time from h0 to all hosts that are not ready.

when the maximal possible speed of hosts is high and the distance between the two hosts is a little longer than the transmission range, the time spent on message transmission is not substantial.


For simplicity of exposition, we consider a network in which all routers and hosts run our protocol.

sECURITY ANALYSIS The security of TVA is based on the inability of an attacker to obtain capabilities for routers along the path to a destination they seek to attack.


Hence the parent has no choice but to drop packets that its children forward it.

in some cases, the lack of any congestion control can increase the end-to-end drop rate by almost 35%.


The experiment clearly shows that Scotch overlay carries the small attack .ows that require large control-path handling but relatively asmall data-path throughput.

we measure the Packet-In message rate (observed at the controller), the .ow rule insertion rate (observed at the controller), and the rate at which the new .ows successfully pass through the switch and reach the destination (observed at the server).


To estimate the time it takes to download a bundle of a given size from a given server, ideally one would retrieve a static object, such as an image, of a similar size from that server.

impact on the Network Each TCP connection places load on the network.


To maximize auction revenue, Athena should pick segments that produce the highest revenue.

fast spectrum allocation in coordinated dynamic spectrum access based cellular networks.


5(a), we assume that the sink is static and the source generates data packets only once with an initial energy of 0.1J.

it is necessary to propose an energy ef.cient protocol to balance sensor node energy consumption.


A node acts as a relay if it receives a packet from another neighbor and wants to forward it.

it can achieve a higher coding Table 1: Comparison Between Structure-based and Structure-free Routing with Respect to Decoding Gain Routing Selected Received packets Decoding Scheme Relays at the sink Gain Both E p1, p2, p1+x 1.5 Both D p1, p2, p1+y+w 1.6 Structure-based Both C p1, p2, p1+p+q+r 2 (CTP) C,D D,E p1, p2, p1+p+q+r, p2+y+w p1, p2, p1+y+w, p2+x 2.25 1.75 C,E p1, p2, p1+p+q+r, p2+x 2 Structure-free (S-NC) C,D p1, p2, p1+p+q+r, p2+y+w 2.25 opportunity by exploiting the information about the existence and number of data in neighbor nodes; also it can balance energy consumption in the network.


We then use the dynamic count of the number of routes satisfying a given predicate, and use a modi.ed exponentially weighted moving average to signal anomalies.

occasionally failures occur simultaneously.


Recall from Section 3.3 that high entropy tags facilitates high traceback accuracy.

in RnL, the reconstruction of the message, or identi.cation can be carried out without prior knowledge of the network.


Here, xf (t) is the assigned rate of the connection.


This sorting can be done, for example by a radix sort.

[7] introduce an interesting algebraic approach to probabilistic packet marking.


4.5 Manage Source Router Filters In the StopIt design, an attack .ow (Hs,Hd) is blocked at the access router Rs of the attack source.

most of their TCP transfers still .nish with increased transfer times.


We also considered the effect of the energy saving speci.cation as a parameter to the performance of the network.

to the contrary, our schemes try to avoid the use of control messages and synchronization between sensors.


From the cellular operator perspective, only the MP is known, and the requests from other terminals to autoconfigure connectivity parameters are not accepted.

in real implementations, DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 are used independently for dual-stack hosts.


This means that ef.cient supportfor EP-uni.cationisa crucialfeatureofsymbolic reachability analysisof protocolsmodulotheir algebraicproperties EP.

protocol Examples Inthissectionweincludeseveralprotocolsthatwe willuseasmotivatingexamplesthataresubjecttoattackswhichwedemonstratein Maude-NPA.Because homomorphicencryptionisusuallyusedtogether withanoperatorwithadditionalalgebraicproperties,there are not very many examples of protocols that rely on homomorphicencryptionoveran operatorwith nofurtheralgebraicpropertiesthat are relevanttotheprotocol.Thusin somecases wehave devised our own.


Only users with strong privacy needs are willing to bear the costs of encrypting their email messages.

stealth encryption operates like a low-inversion permutation.


Turner,etal.Gatekeeper:Supportingbandwidth guarantees for multi-tenantdatacenter networks.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank TJ Giuli, Athina Markopoulou, George Candea, and the FDNA reviewers for their constructive feedback.

rSVP: A New Resource ReSerVation Protocol.


Complex systems are large-scale and dynamic interconnections of nodes (connected via physical links or logical relations) that emergently self-configure into random networks with power-law connectivity-degree distri- bution z. Power-law signature has been observed in natural complex systems, such as social networks and ecological net- works, as well as man-made complex systems such as the Internet and World Wide Web.


(2) Radio propagation model The propagation model shows the prediction of an average received signal strength at a given distance from a transmitter.

the total consumed energy has to include the effects by 1) the number of messages, 2) the transmission range, 3) energy dissipation for the receipt and transmission of messages, and 4) distance from source to destination.


The early Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro.t or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the .rst page.


Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol Generic Requirements.

first, they typically allow only limited path selection; second, they generally do not provide a billing method by which users may pay operators along their chosen path for service.


Experimental results show that CAERUS can sustain e.ective throughput at higher injection rates without any serious increase in area or power.

this comes with the expense of increase in average latency of .its to reach their destination.


The time complexity can be bounded by O(Diam · .)

furthermore, a k-Connected m-Dominating Set (kmCDS) is necessary for fault tolerance and routing .exibility.


It is also responsible for delivering publications to interested nodes inside the cluster.

since a widespread presence of roadside stations cannot be guaranteed at any time and place, two options can be considered: The first is to use a flooding-based approach (i.e.


In ALM using layered coding, the streaming rate R is not a fixed value and we should redefine it.

when host A does not bi-cast ("normal" reconstruction in Figure 18), the interruption delay is provided by the sum of the three delays and amounts to about 335 msec.


The closer the power of the signal to its nominal power, the higher is the quality of the link connecting the nodes.

keywords QoS, routing, mobility, load balancing, AWNs.


WirelessMAN-SC is the air interface speci.cation for IEEE 802.16 operating in this frequency band.

is the average number of PDU arrivals per frame and it can be obtained from .


RELATED WORK AND OUR CONTRI-BUTIONS 2.1 ReviewonDeluge Deluge [2], currentlydistributed as part of TinyOS, is the de facto standard codedisseminationprotocol.

both .lters heavily rely on secure pairwise key establishment to allow secure information exchange between the sender and the receivers, which introduces new security issues.


We con- clude that distance sensitivity of router connectivity applies to the vast majority of router-router links in our datasets.


But there are methods to avoid such a border e.ect [14].

as said in that paper, the main obstacle in applying random graph theory for ad hoc networks is that random graphs do not allow taking into account correlations between di.erent links.


Let M"" [i]bethe cumulative valueof M" i [i], i.e., M"" [i]=j=0 M" [j].

sYSTEM MODEL, ASSUMPTIONS, AND METHODOLOGY In the development of our joint space-time registration model, we use the data collected at the campus-wide wireless local network of Dartmouth College [6].


For example, an attacker may: (i) combine broad bandwidth and higher LifeTime to increase attack e.ectiveness; (ii ) distribute more zombies around the network to avoid attack source detection; (iii ) exploit more bad pre.xes in order to make any countermeasures even more complex to deploy.

by increasing either the overall attack bandwidth or the Interest LifeTime, routers start to be unable to correctly handle incoming tra.c and all the connections are signi.cantly slowed down.


The fuzzy logic based aggregation system however does correctly depict the congestion situation because aggregation decisions are based mostly on the speed di.erences and their standard deviation.

in [15] take a similar hierarchical approach on aggregating free parking slots using globally known map data for segmentation.


An example of Type 3 con.ict is shown with t3 .

node v can be scheduled to inform uin iteration i.


2.3 Differentiated Services Model The main problem of the IntServ proposal is that it is not scalable across large networks.

mRTG shows a detailed daily view of the network traffic, as well as the last seven days view, and the last five weeks view.


One way to both improve the performance results and keep a reasonable complexity would be to combine Ancora s algorithm with the part of Luo s algorithm concerning the spatial correlations between antennas.

figure 3 : Channel power for NFFT = 1024 i.e.


The authors further proposed PAID, or Probable Access in Distance, as a better cache replacement policy.

such information is also called Location Dependant Data (LDD).


Within the IP-level topology and without alias resolution, ams1.he.net was inferred to be di.erent nodes of degree 218, 194, 178, 189, 136, where some of the IPv6 interfaces corresponded to address space other than that owned by HE.

if the router follows the IPv6 protocol [9], it will subsequently send (induced) fragmented echo replies to our hosts.


The maximum max E+ max for Azureus and BT was over 8 MB, more than 25% of the entire 32 MB .le.

fairTorrent is resilient to free-riders, low contributors and strategic peers in both FairTorrent and non-FairTorrent networks.


6.1 Localization Accuracy In this section, we evaluate the ability of our approach to accurately localize real physical network issues (PNIs) and to correctly exclude non-physical network issues.

towards Highly Reliable Enterprise Network Services via Inference of Multi-level Dependencies.


(3) 2T p ·C+B 22 v n Here are some numerical examples of utilization, using n = 10000.

(1) i=1 all outstanding bytes are in the queue (Q(t)), on the link (2Tp · C), or have been dropped.


application-level mechanisms, compression, and encryption, which all have an impact on how data is delivered to TCP and subsequently transferred.

we perform true connection level analysis.


These security protocols protect data duringtransmission andallow to authenticatethe endpoints.

in the .rst case the application ex plicitly requests the service (i.e.


Section 2 describes the related works of packet scheduling techniques.

[5] M. Andrews et al., Providing Quality of Service over a Shared Wireless Link, IEEE Communication Magazine, pp.


In order to reduce the potential for processor overloading, a small 5-packet FIFO is attached to the snoop interface, allowing for snoop message drops in the event of microprocessor overloading and quick 4BCP source code is publicly available online at http://anrg.usc.edu/~scott/  returns from radio snoop events.

volcano rout for a centralized maximum-weight-matching algorithm aling was evaluated only via idealized simulations and is not lows any tra.c within the network s capacity region to be based on any theoretical framework; in particular, because scheduled stably.


An important feature of our solution is that all processors terminate their local algorithm in the same time slot.

this result relies on the speci.cation of a collision-free schedule, which we use in this paper.


We observe that the DCH state idle occupation time and UE energy consumption increase for larger a values.

iEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 58(1):432 438, January, 2009.


As an example of how this might be used, some .les might have permissions set so that the operating system would allow all users to modify them arbitrarily.

eDURange requires deeper technical knowledge of networking, port scanning, and similar tasks than the assignments described here.


We have that |CKNk|=(ckn ln n)/d = (8c ln n) · nk/(8d) = (8cln n) · |OP Tk|.

in Section 5 we formally analyze the interaction between routing latency and sleep scheduling.


Clearly, a recursive and continuous checking of trust properties must go on in order for a node to validate all information received from the network, even after this node establishes a trust relation.

moreover, the simulation shows how trust-based reasoning allow the identi.cation of vulnerable routing choices made by the bare OLSR based on the reachability criterion.


We determine the message cost c of each individual line to pick the execution with maximum cost.

the lifetime TTLi case arises for example in Figure 4 when t moves along the of a TFP t i depends on the value of i. Wegiveconstraints dashed path, such that the publish algorithm is triggered at on the value of TTLi while proving the correctness of MLS.


REFERENCES [1] C. Thompson, The Netbook Effect: How Cheap Little Laptops Hit the Big Time , Wired Magazine, 17 March 2009.

starting with the IEEE 802.11e revision, QoS support with 4 classes of service (for EDCA) [3] has been added.


When the rate granularity is 1Mbps, the corresponding set of rate is {1Mbps,2Mbps,3Mbps,L,64Gbps} .

rose, Traffic Modeling of Variable Bit Rate MPEG Video and its Impacts on ATM Networks, Ph.D. thesis, Wurezburger, Bericht, 02/97.


We disable retries so that every packet is transmitted exactly once.

based on the analysis in the previous section, the standard deviation of prior RSSI values is used as an indicator of predictability.


The Berkeley IRAM [12] and Stanford Smart Memory system [13] both use a crossbar to interface a single general purpose programmable RISC PE to an array of memory banks, targeting the high bandwidth that crossbars provide.

architecture Con.guration and Application Compilation top(float* B, int n) sqrtArray(float* B, int n) { { for(i=0; i<n; i++) B[i] = sqrt(B[i]); } sqrtArray(B, n); addArray(B, n); } addArray(float* B, int n) { for(i=0; i<n; i++) B[i] += 2.0; }  Figure 5: Original C Implementation of a Simple Array Processor Consider that we need to implement an array processor that v calculates f (A)= A +2.0: A .


requested content sk and the node s network pro.le dj (i), the server assigns the node to a multicast group, if any that satis.es the node s network pro.le exists.

to deliver feedback reports, unicast transmission is used.


FUTURE WORK The authors indent to extend this research into Network Incident detection by considering some of the following ideas.


Let s assume for simplicity, that the bus driver is a registered cc-C.

of the 1st ACM workshop MICNET 09, pages 55 60, Beijing, China, 2009.


These retransmissions have the cascading e.ect of reducing the cwnd further, and also reducing ssthresh.

since the only di.erence between the two tests is the access network, we conclude that our results in Figure 3 is a consequence of how the protocols operate over the cellular network.


In the topology given in Figure 11, for a user in reference sector 0a,sectors 1cand 2bare primary interferers, while sectors 3b,4a,5a,and 6c are secondary interferers.

it pays to schedule users on the periphery when few neighboring BSs are active, and schedule users in the center when many surrounding BSs are active.


In addition, it also illustrates that the impact of the collisions among IS packets could be severe if the system parameters are not Discovery time T [ms] i,dis,.

meanwhile, fewer messages need to be exchanged, which shortens the discovery process and is more energy efficient.


For example, say a cloud operator wants to create a new Virtual Tenant Network for company A, and assign some VM s to it.

as speci.ed, this function requires the information about the owner, VM information (vm id, mac address, host ip etc.