Cosmic microwave background (CMB) observatories [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, [5]}, [6]}, [7]} are mapping the sky with kilo-pixel arrays of transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors, and telescopes fielding even larger TES arrays will begin observing this decade [8]}, [9]}, [10]}.
Calibrating detector time-ordered data (TOD) to a standard unit is often the first step in processing astrophysical data sets. The calibration method must be accurate, to suppress systematic errors in the final results, and robust, to be applicable to a vast majority of observations. Data that cannot be calibrated are excluded, reducing the sensitivity of the instrument.
