A relatively recent information transfer measure is the transfer entropy (TE). The TE was introduced by Schreiber [1]} not as a causality indicator, but as an information transfer measure used to quantify the statistical coherence between events (time series). For a comprehensive discussion of the TE vs. causality paradigms we refer to the work in [2]}. In our previous work, we introduced the Transfer Information Energy (TIE) [3]}, [4]} as an alternative to the TE. Whereas the TE can be used as a measure of the reduction in uncertainty about one event given another, the TIE measures the increase in certainty about one event given another.
