A causal model is a mathematical abstraction that quantitatively describes the causal relations between variables. A category of causal models is Bayesian Causal Models. A Bayesian network is a pair \((G, P)\) , where \(G\)  is a directed acyclic graph whose vertices are
random variables, and \(P\)  is a density such that each variable \(X\)  in \(G\)  is independent of variables that are neither descendants nor parents of \(X\)  in \(G\) , 5 conditional on the parents of \(X\)  in \(G\)  [1]}.
