paragraph40emIntroduction.—
Network dynamics is important in various phenomena in nature and human society in which multiple components interact, including economic network, traffic network, power grids, neural circuits, and physiological systems.
Various model-based approaches have been developed to analyze network dynamics.
One relevant method is the phase model for a network of coupled oscillators, which gives a low-dimensional description of interacting oscillators by reducing the dimensionality of individual oscillators dynamics [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, [5]}, [6]}, [7]}.
The phase model is represented by intrinsic frequencies of the oscillators and phase coupling functions (PCF), which respectively characterize the dynamics of individual oscillators and interactions between the oscillators.
