Many problems of secure communication are readily addressed by quantum networking due to the properties of no-cloning and superposition [1]}, [2]}. These features also play a vital role in providing secrecy and integrity to the data to be communicated, thus making messages unintelligible to any unauthorized party. Thus, cryptography is another field where ultra-secure protocols are designed by exploiting laws of quantum mechanics for sharing secret keys among two parties that may not trust each other [3]}. For an example, giving credit card number to a merchant while purchasing goods or services without compromising privacy, is done using a cryptographic protocol. Distributing the “Key” in private key cryptosystems securely is the important step in cryptography. If a malevolent third party, such as Eve as shown in Fig. 1, eavesdrops on this key distribution and uses this intercepted key to decrypt some of the message transmission, privacy of the communication will be compromised. This problem is addressed by the best-known application of quantum networking i.e., quantum key distribution (QKD), that provides secure access to computers on the cloud [4]} utilizing various QKD protocols. QKD is the most well known application of quantum communication. QKD networks are already commercially available [5]}, [6]} for short distance communication, and are studied and deployed covering metropolitan distances [7]}, [8]}, [9]}, [10]}. Long distance QKD
networks with trusted nodes are also currently possible [7]}, [12]}.
