
where \(\sigma _{xy}\) , \(\sigma _{yz}\)  and \(\sigma _{zx}\)  are shear stress components.
This methodology is widely used in atomistic simulations involving nanostructured systems formed by atoms of carbon [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, as well as hybrid C and N systems [5]} and, silicene [6]}, for instance. It allows a systematic way to visualize how the stress accumulates and dissipates during the stretching/fracture processes along the whole of penta-graphene monolayer. In all molecular dynamics simulations performed in this work we use the VMD [7]} for the visualization of the Von Mises tensor stress fields.
