In this architecture, vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) are the primary nodes, act as the user's participants and aggregator server, respectively. They communicate with each other by forming vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. These two types of communications refer to dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) standards that facilitate single or multi-hop communication among VNs entities [1]}. Here, we consider vehicles as distributed edge users and utilize their local data to train FL models. Also, they are equipped with simple communication and computation capabilities supported by onboard units (OBUs), consisting of various sensing devices. On the other hand, RSUs are equipped with edge computing servers and designed as the distributed edge servers stationed along the road, providing wireless communications from roadside infrastructure to vehicles. Further, RSUs are considered as intelligent edge servers, providing and aggregating global models from distributed edge users in VNs.
