To date, transaction fee-incentive Bitcoin has been a largely under-explored domain and research in this field is still in its infancy. In 2016, Carlsten et al. [1]} first postulated that when transaction fee dominates the mining reward, immediately after a block has been mined, there is zero expected income but nonzero operation cost for the miner [2]}. Thus, rational miners would stop mining in this case, resulting in the so-called “mining gap". Such a phenomenon presents new strategy pattern of the miners, that is, strategically adjust their starting up times of mining for obtaining profitable payoffs, and pioneers new research direction for the transaction fee-incentive Bitcoin.
