As in [1]}, our work uses storm track data covering the North Atlantic and European domain. Our dataset consists of storm track locations at 3-hourly intervals with an associated vorticity measure representing the strength of the storm. Storms are identified and tracked over the period 1979-2014 from the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset [2]} using a feature extraction approach outlined in [3]} based on the tracking algorithm introduced in [4]}. We restrict our attention to the set of storm tracks produced during an extended winter period (October-March), when storms are widely regarded to be most intense. We exclude Mediterranean extratropical cyclones as these do not produce large financial losses. We also exclude “medicanes" [5]} as these arise from a different physical processes and are not captured well by reanalysis data. We denote the longitude and latitude coordinates of the storm track at time \(t\)  by \(\text{Lon}_t\)  and \(\text{Lat}_t\)  respectively. The vorticity associated with the track at \((\text{Lon}_t, \text{Lat}_t)\)  is denoted by \(\Omega _t\) .
