The state estimation (SE) is an important function of real-time energy management systems (EMS). Typically, SE includes the following processes: network topology processors, observability analysis, state estimation algorithms, and bad data analysis [1]}. The SE algorithm provides an estimate of the state variables according to the network topology and available measurements. The standard approach to obtain the state estimator in electric power systems, formulated as an overdetermined system of non-linear equations, is to solve it as a non-linear weighted least-squares problem [2]}.
