The formation of (anti-)nuclei is
very sensitive to the chemical freeze-out conditions as well as to the dynamics
of the emitting source. The production scenarios are typically discussed within two approaches:
(i) The thermal-statistical approach has been very successful not
only in describing the integrated yield of the hadrons but also of composite
nuclei [1]}, [2]}, [3]}. In this picture,
the chemical freeze-out temperature \(T_{\rm {chem}}\)  (predicted around 160 MeV)
acts as the key parameter. The strong sensitivity of the abundance of nuclei to
the choice of \(T_{\rm {chem}}\)  is caused by their large mass \(m\)  and the
exponential dependence of the yield on the temperature given by \(\exp (-m/T_{\rm chem})\) .
(ii) In the coalescence model, nuclei are formed by protons and
neutrons which are nearby in phase space and exhibit similar
velocities [4]}, [5]}. A quantitative
description of this process is typically based on the coalescence
parameter \(B_{A}\) 
and has
been applied to many collision systems at various energies
[6]}, [7]}, [8]}, [9]}, [10]}, [11]}, [12]}, [13]}.
The binding energy of light nuclei is very small (around few MeV), so they can hardly
remain intact during hadronic interactions, even if only quasi-elastic
scattering during the hadronic phase with temperatures between 100
MeV and 170 MeV is considered.
When produced thermally at chemical freeze-out, they might break apart and be created again by
final-state coalescence [14]}. It turns out that
both, the thermal approach and the coalescence mechanism, give very similar
predictions [15]}.
