Using a similar approach to [1]}, but for a cylindrical liquid jet-segment surrounded by an outer gas phase, [2]} provided a comprehensive study of the flow structures in terms of the vortex-surface interaction. They showed that `hole formation' of a liquid-sheet is an essential requirement to trigger the formation of droplets, and the thinning of the liquid-sheet is driven by the superposition of hairpin-vortices near the interface rather than by capillarity action. Similar findings have been reported for a planar liquid jet-segment surrounded by an outer gas phase [3]}, and for the transient dynamics of a cylindrical liquid jet surrounded by a coaxial air phase [4]}. [5]}, [6]} performed simulations of a two-phase mixing layer between parallel gas and liquid streams to investigate the interfacial dynamics, and the statistics for the multiphase turbulence. They also observed that the formation of ligaments, and subsequently-formed droplets, are triggered by the hole-induced perforation of the liquid sheets.
