The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan city of China in December 2019 that arises due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]}. It is categorized as an infectious disease and spreads among people through coming in close contact with infected people generally via small droplets due to coughing, sneezing, or talking, and through the infected surface. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic of infectious disease. In India, the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Kerala on January 30, 2020 and gradually spread throughout India especially in urban area, and India witnessed the first wave of COVID-19. India witnessed the second wave in March 2021, which was much more devastating than the first wave, with shortages of hospital beds, vaccines, oxygen cylinder and other medicines in parts of the country. To fight with the COVID-19, the country has vaccination, herd immunity, and epidemiological interventions as few possible options. In the early stage of COVID-19, India had imposed complete as well as partial lockdown as epidemiological interventions during the first wave that slowed the transmission rate and delayed the peak, and resulted in a lesser number of COVID-19 cases. India is the second most populous country in the world, where 68.84 % and 31.16 % India’s population lives in rural areas and urban areas respectively. The population density in northeast India is low in comparison to other states of India. The chance of getting infection depends on the spatial distance between the contacts and low-density population is less prone in comparison to high density population. Individual personal behavior (social distancing, frequent hand sanitation, and wearing a mask, etc.) also plays a key role to control the COVID-19 spread.
