Alternatively, a phase field crystal (PFC)
method proposed by Elder and Grant [1]}, [2]}
describes atomistic details of material systems with periodic solutions.
This modeling technique describes coarse-grained symmetry of a periodic
system [3]}, [4]}, and is computed at faster
time scales than the molecular dynamics simulations [5]}.
The PFC model has been applied to explore lattice defects in graphene
[6]} and nucleation problems in colloidal systems
[7]}. Binary alloy models
[8]}, [9]}, [10]}, [11]},
an extension to the PFC formalism, was demonstrated to describe solidification
[10]}, [13]},
crystallization [8]}, [15]}
and phase segregation processes [16]}, [17]}.
The PFC approach is a useful tool for multiscale modeling to describe
the lattice symmetry of a material system.
