Modularity has been generalised in a number of ways. Various authors [1]}, [2]}, [3]} have given a definition of modularity appropriate for bipartite networks and [4]} gives a definition of modularity appropriate for the unipartite projection of bipartite networks. A definition of modularity appropriate for finding core-periphery structure is given in [5]}. [6]} defines “anti-modularity" for finding sets of unconnected nodes, see also [7]} which uses modularity in a similar way. The original paper defining modularity [8]} has, at time of writing, over 11000 citations, so modularity is an important and well used tool for detecting structure in networks.
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