If there is available common randomness shared between the transmitter and receiver, the ID capacity \(C_{\text{ID}}\)  of a DMC increases by the entropy rate of the common randomness [1]}. This provides an exponential increase in the number \(N_{\text{ID}}\)  of identifiers with only a few bits of common randomness. Thus, the performance of any ID code construction, including our constructions below, can be significantly improved if there is a source of common randomness available such as PUFs [2]}.
