The Kaluza modification to the Maxwell equations comes in the scalar field, which acts as a variable dielectric constant, similar to the Bekenstein theory [1]}. The quantity \(\widetilde{\rho }kc\widetilde{U}_5\)  is immediately identified with the electric charge density, reproducing the expected form of the Maxwell equations. The quantity \(\phi ^3 F_{\mu \nu }\)  emerges as an invariant under conformal transformations.[2]}
