Before comparing our simulations with experiments, we illustrate the simulated SoC profile and the resulting SEI growth in Figure REF . The orange line indicates the SoC of the battery during one cycle profile, which was then repeated several times. For the center cells, the SoC was mostly kept around 30% with a charging/discharging sequence to 90% in between.
This protocol largely influences the SEI growth, which is shown in the blue curve. We observe that SEI growth proceeds slowly in the 30% SoC phases. During charging to 90%, the SEI growth is fastest, followed by the storage at 90%.
This accelerated growth results from the influence of intercalation overpotential \(\eta _\text{int}\)  and OCV \(U_0\)  on the SEI overpotential \(\eta _\text{SEI}\)  according to Equation REF , which is in line with previous capacity fade measurements [1]}, [2]}, [3]}.
<FIGURE>