In this section we briefly review the Maximum Likelihood framework for cooperatively learning the generator in tandem with the EBM [1]}. The generator model assumes a joint distribution \((X, Z)\)  of images \(X\)  and latent signals \(Z\)  given by
\(Z\sim \text{N}(0, I) \quad \text{and}\quad X | Z \sim \text{N}(g(Z;\phi ), \tau ^2 I)\) 
