The field of active matter originated from efforts to understand the physical underpinnings of collective behavior in animals [1]}, [2]}. Pioneering work by Vicsek and co-workers [2]} showed that the collective dynamics of self-driven particles emerge from a form of inter-particle coupling: a simple rule that the direction of motion of a particle is aligned with the average direction of motion of its neighboring particles. As of yet it is unclear whether active particles universally possess such an intrinsic tendency to align its direction of motion with its neighbors [1]}. In living active matter, such as cells, adhesive inter-particle interactions can modulate the mechanical contact between particles thereby controlling its spatial structure and dynamics [5]}, [6]}, [7]}. In the context of active colloids, selective and directional ligand mediated bonds can tune its motion and spatial configuration [8]}.
Therefore, inter-particle adhesive interactions function as a crucial regulator of the collective dynamics and spatial
structure of active matter systems.
