In this section, we will provide simulation results to verify our analysis. The average noise power at the BS and user are set to be \(\sigma _z^2 = - 110\)  dBm and \(\sigma _n^2 = - 90\)  dBm, respectively. The average downlink transmit power at the BS is set to be \(q = 40\)  dBm. In our simulations, the location of the BS is set to be \(\left( {0,0,{d_h}} \right)\)  with the height of \({d_h} = 10\)  m. We consider that the direct link between the BS and user is blocked throughout the user's movement by assuming that the user is in the vicinity of the building, as shown in Fig. REF . The path loss of the BS-IRS and IRS-user links is modeled by \({\beta ^2} = {C_0}{d^{ - \alpha }}\) , where \({C_0} = - 20\)  dB is the path loss at the reference distance of \({d_r} = 1\)  m. The path loss exponents of the BS-IRS and IRS-user links are set to be \({\alpha _{bi}} = 2.2\)  and \({\alpha _{iu}} = 2.8\) , respectively [1]}. Furthermore, the Rician fading channel model is adopted for both the BS-IRS link and the IRS-user link, with the Rician factors of \({K_{bi}} = \infty \)  and \({K_{iu}} = 0\) , respectively. All simulation results are obtained by averaging 1000 channel realizations. For the sake of brevity, other specific parameters will be specified in the following figures.
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