Others have looked at multi-agent scenarios that do not allow for a full prior coordination or centralized control, but instead require agents to adapt to each other individually and dynamically, and even establish a form of “ad-hoc teamwork” [1]}, [2]}, [3]}.
This problem of on-the-fly coordination has recently become prominent in collaborative robots and service robots [4]} and has been approached mostly for attention and motor-level coordination of physical tasks between humans and robots, e.g., when handing over objects or jointly carrying them [4]}.
The underlying models of on-the-fly coordination emphasize the role of the agents' co-presence in a shared environment and their coupling through perception-action or force-feedback loops.
