A standard statistical approach for hypothesis testing uses an appropriate test statistic \(T(Y)\)  which is a function of the reward data \(Y\)  [1]}. For example, the approaches of [2]} and [3]} are based on a modified version of the Z-test (traditionally measuring the distance from two sample means in relation to their standard errors), in which the novel BOLS and AW-AIPW estimators, respectively, replace the sample means.
