Opinion polls—deployed to gauge public perception of competing products in a market, or to forecast the winner of an upcoming election—are a natural application of mode estimation. In fact, the algorithms discussed in Section  can all be applied with only minor alterations to plurality systems, wherein the task is precisely that of determining the choice preferred by the largest fraction of the target population. Waudby-Smith and Ramdas [1]} illustrate the use of PPR martingale confidence sequences precisely on this application. Specifically they consider the construction of confidence sequences when polls receive without-replacement samples from finite populations.
