Quantum mechanics, despite its extreme success in predicting and agreeing with every experimental outcome, still bemuses everyone by “suspiciously” postulating the existence of two distinct but necessary time-evolution mechanisms, i.e., reversible unitary dynamics versus irreversible wave function collapse [1]}.
A better understanding of the origins and essentials of why a physical system may evolve in such two different ways seems the key to answering some of the most fundamental problems such as the black-hole information paradox [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, quantum measurement problem [5]}, [6]}, or even consistency of quantum mechanics itself [7]}. Not only that, it has recently been shown that the entanglement entropy for a quantum circuit undergoing the competition of unitary evolution and random measurements may behave quite distinctly by adjusting the rate of measurements [8]}, a better understanding of which serves practical purposes such as universal quantum computing [9]}, etc.
