We downloaded the 1DSfM dataset [1]} and applied COLMAP [2]} to obtain a reconstruction that can be used as ground truth. Note that the 1DSfM dataset provides a ground truth, however, it was created by the Bundler algorithm [3]} that is more than 10 years old.
We use the following approach in order to find potentially matching image pairs.
First, we extract GeM [4]} descriptors with ResNet-50 [5]} CNN, pre-trained on GLD-v1 dataset [6]}. Then we calculate the inner-product similarity between the descriptors, resulting in an \(n\times n\)  similarity matrix. In the experiments, we use only the image pairs with similarity higher than \(0.4\)  [7]}.
Finally, we estimated multiple homographies for all considered image pairs, 434587 in total.
