Quantum algorithms have the capacity to offer enormous
performance improvements over known classical algorithms
for solving important problems like integer factoring and quantum mechanical simulation [1]}, [2]}, [3]}. However, despite extraordinary effort and investment,
the current state of quantum hardware remains too immature
for there to be practical computational value from any
quantum device that exists today. Recently, calculations have been performed
with a quantum computer that outperform classical computing [4]},
but these calculations do not solve a problem of practical use.
