The Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model, also known as the pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) or Newman model, is probably the most popular, physics-based model for lithium-ion batteries. Since the DFN model was first posed in [1]} this model, and its variants, have been widely used in many different applications [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, [5]}, [1]}, [7]} and has been the basis of multiple extensions [8]}, [9]}.
