Arabic. Arabic is a term that refers to a collection of languages, varieties, and dialects. The standard variety, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), is the one usually used in formal communication and educational settings. Arabic also has a wide range of under-studied varieties and dialects that classically used to be categorized in a coarse-grained fashion (e.g., Levantine, North African) [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, [5]}. More recent treatments focus on fine-grained categorizations such as country and city levels [6]}, [7]}, [8]}, [9]}, [10]}, [11]}. Differences between varieties of Arabic happen at various linguistic levels, including including phonological, morphological, lexical, and syntactic [12]}, [13]}, [14]}, [3]}.
