As a specific group of observerables in relativistic heavy ion collisions [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, [5]}, [6]}, [7]}, [8]}, [9]}, [10]}, [11]}, [12]},
light nuclei such as the deuteron (\(d\) ), triton (\(t\) ), helium-3 (\(^3\) He) and helium-4 (\(^4\) He) have always been under active investigation in recent decades
both in experiment [13]}, [14]}, [15]}, [16]}, [17]}, [18]}, [19]}, [20]}, [21]}, [22]}, [23]} and in theory [24]}, [25]}, [26]}, [27]}, [28]}, [29]}.
The STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have collected a wealth of data on light nuclei production.
These data exhibit some fascinating features, especially their non-trivial energy-dependent behaviors in a wide collision energy range from GeV to TeV magnitude [17]}, [18]}, [19]}, [20]}, [21]}, [22]}, [23]}.
Theoretical studies have also made significant progress.
Two production mechanisms, the thermal production mechanism [37]}, [38]}, [26]}, [40]}, [41]} and the coalescence mechanism [42]}, [43]}, [27]}, [45]}, [46]}, [47]}, [28]}, [49]}, [50]}, [51]}, [52]}, have proved to be successful in describing light nuclei formation.
In addition, transport scenario [53]}, [54]}, [55]}, [56]}, [57]}, [58]} is employed to study how light nuclei evolve and survive during the hadronic system evolution.
