Smoothness or clumpiness (hereafter SMOOTH;
[1]}). This parameter is sensitive to the
small-scale structures in galaxies. To measure it, the original galaxy
image is smoothed with a boxcar of a given width and subtracted
from the original image. SMOOTH is then obtained as:
\(SMOOTH =\frac{\Sigma {|I(i,j)-I_{s}(i, j)|/2}}{I(i, j)}-\frac{\Sigma {|B(i,j)-B_{s}(i, j)|/2} }{I(i, j)},\) 
