[1]} propose one of the first ConvDR models by extending the dual-encoder-based dense retrieval model of Equation REF . Formally, at the \(i\) -th turn, the ConvDR model retrieves top-\(K\)  relevant documents via
\(K\text{-argmax}_{\mathbf {d} \in \mathcal {D}} \text{sim}(\mathbf {q}, \mathbf {d})\) 
