Single-stage VIS: Several works [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, [5]} adapt the one-stage pipeline, such as FCOS detector [6]}, where a linear combination of mask bases are directly predicted as final segmentation. SipMask [1]} introduces a spatial information preservation module for real-time VIS. The work of [2]} introduces an approach where a short 3D convolutional spatio-temporal volume is adopted to learn pixel-level embedding by posing segmentation as a bottom-up grouping. The work of [3]} proposes to refine a space-time memory into a set of instance and frame-level prototypes, followed by an attention scheme.
