The core of this work draws upon previous research on mfc [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}.
This concept finds its roots in works such as the ones of kirby99syntaxOutOfLearning, Kirby2001SpontaneousEvolution or brighton2006Topo, which suggest that while compositionality in language relies on syntactic structures, it could still be measured using surface form. Other implementations of mfc include studies centered on correlations between form and meaning at the word or sub-morphemic level—conflicting with the assumption of arbitrariness of the sign—such as the work of gutierrez-etal-2016-finding, Kutuzov2017ArbitrarinessOL, dautriche17wfsim or pimentel-etal-2019-meaning.
