The properties exclude graphs with bounded genus and minor-closed
graph classes [1]}, since they fail on (iii), whereas the
sets of all graphs and of all non-planar graphs are excluded by
(ii). From the collection of graph classes listed in the
beyond-planar survey [2]}, skewness-\(k\)  and
apex-\(k\) -graphs are excluded, which are such that the removal of at
most \(k\)  edges and vertices, respectively, makes a
planar graph.
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