Over the last few decades, spacecraft and ground-based observations
have gathered data about Jupiter's atmosphere, including measurements
of cloud reflectance [1]}, winds [2]}, [3]}, [4]},
composition [5]} and lightning flashes [6]}.
Since 2016, the Juno spacecraft has provided unprecedented measurements
that revealed new information on the deep dynamics of Jupiter [7]}.
Gravity science enabled an accurate mapping of Jupiter's gravitational
field [8]}, resulting in the inference that the zonal
jets penetrate \(\sim 3000\)  km deep [9]}, [10]},
where they possibly decay due to magnetic drag [11]}, [12]}, [13]} and may also require the presence of a stable layer [14]}.
The Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) provided measurements of
tropospheric species distribution below the cloud level [15]}.
The Microwave Radiometer (MWR) measurements, inferred as brightness
temperature (\(T_{{\rm b}}\) ), revealed the deep ammonia abundance
[16]}, [17]}, as well as lightning at a frequency of
600 MHz [18]}. The combination of these observations
allows the essential nature of Jupiter's deep overturning circulation
to be revealed, as the flows associated with such circulation are
directly related to cloud formation, temperature variations, lightning
occurrences, tracer distributions and turbulence.
