Soft supersymmetry breaking does not contain any quartic terms, so the flat direction remains a slowly growing direction in the potential. In the early universe, this implies that it develops a large VEV, setting the stage for Affleck-Dine baryogenesis [1]}, [2]}. The Affleck-Dine condensate is subject to instabilities that lead to the formation of SUSY Q-balls [3]}, [2]}.
The gas of Q-balls behaves as matter with relatively few particles per volume, which implies relatively large fluctuations capable of creating PBH with the masses and abundances suitable for dark matter [5]}, [5]}, [7]}, [8]}, [9]}, [10]}. This channel for PBH formation is based on gravitational interaction. Some other possibilities exist for PBH formation from Affleck–Dine baryogenesis [11]}, [12]}, [13]}.
