The first observational evidence for the cosmic acceleration appeared from type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observations performed by two different research groups [1]}, [2]}. Over the decades, the number of SNe Ia catalogs have increased significantly. Even now, SNe Ia observations provide the most direct evidence for the current cosmic acceleration. In the context of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (GTR), SNe Ia observations support the existence of a mysterious form of energy called dark energy, that is either constant (\(\Lambda \) CDM) or slowly varying with time and space. (See reviews in Refs. [3]}, [4]}, [5]}).
