The rise in misconduct on social media is a prominent research topic. Some forms of online misconduct include rumours [1]}, fake news [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, misinformation [5]}, [6]}, disinformation [7]}, [8]}, hate speech [9]}, [10]}, [11]}, trolling [12]}, and cyber-bullying [13]}, [14]}. Some notable work in this direction includes stance [15]} and rumour veracity prediction, in a multi-task learning framework [16]}, wherein the authors proposed a Tree LSTM for characterizing online conversations. [17]} explored user and social network representations for classifying a message as genuine vs. fake.
[18]} studied user's mood along with the online contextual discourse and demonstrated that it helps for trolling behaviour prediction on top of user's behavioural history. [19]} studied the synergy between discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and national origin in the physical and in the virtual space.
