Other authors have sought to explain the DAMA/LIBRA  results via alternative hypotheses based on known physics processes.
For example, it has been demonstrated that a slowly varying time-dependent background can result in an annual modulation when data are treated in terms of residuals obtained by subtracting the yearly average background such as that used in the DAMA/LIBRA  analysis [1]}.
Analysis of COSINE-100 data ignoring information from the veto detectors and using DAMA/LIBRA  analysis methods shows a slowly decreasing background partly due to the decay of cosmogenically activated nuclides.
However, the residual rate obtained by subtracting the yearly average background shows an opposite modulation phase to DAMA/LIBRA  [2]}.
It was also proposed that the seasonal modulation of cosmogenic background could explain the observed DAMA/LIBRA  signal [3]}, [4]}, [5]}.
However, the direct interaction rates of such processes in the few-keV energy region are estimated to fall short by orders of magnitude compared to the observed DAMA/LIBRA  low-energy event rate [6]}, [7]}, [8]}.
The presence of radioactive impurities has also been proposed to explain the observed low-energy event rate and may have the potential to modulate over time from event selection criteria.
However, DAMA/LIBRA  claimed very low levels of radioactive contaminants [9]} that are not sufficient to offer a viable explanation for the observed low-energy event rate [10]}.
The claimed impurity contamination level also rules out the potential of DM scattering on impurities as an explanation for the observed modulation [11]}, [12]}, [13]}.
