
Pitch or fundamental frequency [1]}, [2]} is frequently deployed in Speech Emotion Recognition Systems [3]}, [4]}, [5]}, [6]}, [7]}. It represents the vibration frequency of the vocal cords during sound production.

Pitch-related features such as pitch mean and pitch median are widely used in SER systems[8]}, [9]}, [10]} and are regarded as language-independent features [4]}, [9]}, [13]}, [10]}.

Pitch standard deviation is another prosodic feature which carries vital emotional information [9]}, [10]} and is used as one of the acoustic feature [10]}, [18]}.

Energy or intensity refers to the loudness of sound. This feature is also used quite frequently in SER systems [19]}, [20]}. It is deemed to be a language-independent prosodic feature [4]}, [13]}.

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