where \(\kappa _{IJ}^{\text{proper}}\)  is the \(J \rightarrow I\)  proper transition rate. This equation holds for any tunneling mechanism (Coleman-De Luccia (CDL) [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, Hawking-Moss [4]}, Brown-Teittleboim [5]}), but whether it applies to “upward" transitions is an open question [6]}. For most of our analysis we will remain agnostic about the nature of transition rates.
