Upon receiving the inputs, our model first applies explicit alignment by warping the neighboring frames towards the reference frame based on the optical flow estimation, as in previous works [1]}, [2]}.
In the following, we take the reference frame \(\mathbf {I}_i\)  and its immediate following frame \(\mathbf {I}_{i+1}\)  as an example for illustration.
The optical flow estimation module \(\mathcal {O}\)  takes \(\mathbf {I}_i\)  and \(\mathbf {I}_{i+1}\)  and predicts a optical flow field:
\(\mathbf {u}_{i, i+1}^x,\,\mathbf {u}_{i, i+1}^y = \mathcal {O}(\mathbf {I}_i, \mathbf {I}_{i+1}),\) 
