For such computationally intensive problems, quantum computers are growing in popularity as a potential remedy,
as they are capable of leveraging procedures of dramatically reduced complexity relative to their classical counterparts[1]}, [2]}, [3]}.
This is chiefly due to the manner in which quantum computers store and operate on data.
Values of interest are stored as the amplitudes of possible states for a register of qubits, meaning that a 1-qubit system (using a 2-state qubit) can store two values using the amplitudes of the \(\mathinner {|{0}\rangle }\)  and \(\mathinner {|{1}\rangle }\)  states;
a 2-qubit system can store four values using the \(\mathinner {|{00}\rangle }\) , \(\mathinner {|{01}\rangle }\) , \(\mathinner {|{10}\rangle }\) , and \(\mathinner {|{11}\rangle }\)  states; and so on.
In general, the storage capacity of a quantum computer scales exponentially with the size of the system.
Quantum operators then act directly on the system's qubits, allowing the effects of operators to also scale exponentially with system size.
