An additional interesting direction has pursued a relationship between computational complexity and the emergence of spacetime. The basic idea is that bulk operations which are exponentially complex (in the black hole entropy) do not need to respect the semiclassical structure of spacetime, while those of sub-exponential complexity do need to respect it. This idea is still not in its final form, but it has been explored in many different avatars over the last decade, leading to a number of novel insights, see eg. [1]}.
