Despite substantial interest, whole-cell models remain elusive due to numerous challenges, including integrating vast information about diverse biochemical processes blue[1]}, accounting for the structure and organization of cells and their numerous components blue[2]}, [3]}; simulating blue[4]}, calibrating blue[5]}, [6]}, visualizing blue[7]}, [8]}, and validating blue[7]}, [8]} high-dimensional, computationally-expensive, hybrid models; and developing models collaboratively blue[11]}, [12]}. Toward a framework for whole-cell modeling, we and others have summarized these challenges blue[7]}, [14]}, [15]}, [8]}.
