Observations data from type Ia supernovae (SNIa)
[1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, the Large Scale Structure (LSS)
[5]}, [6]}, [7]}, [8]} and the cosmic microwave
background (CMB) anisotropies [9]}, [10]}, [11]}
obviously signal us an accelerating universe at the present time.
From theoretical point of view, this expanding phase of the
universe is supported by an unknown source called dark energy (DE)
[12]}. The simplest model, which consists of a fluid with
positive energy density and negative pressure, is called
cosmological constant and suffers from some problems such as the
fine-tuning and the coincidence problems [12]}. Although,
many different models, such as quintessence
[14]}, [15]}, phantom (ghost) field
[16]}, [17]}, k-essence
[18]}, [19]}, [20]}, Chaplygin gas
[21]}, [22]}, agegraphic DE
[23]}, [24]}, [25]}, [26]}, [27]}, [28]}, [29]}, [30]}, [31]}, [32]}, [33]}, [34]}, [35]}
and ghost DE models [36]}, [37]}, [38]}, [39]}, [40]}, [41]} have
been proposed to justify the current accelerating phase of the
universe expansion, DE is still a confusing topic in modern
cosmology [42]}, [43]}, [44]} and its nature and origin is an
unknown problem.
