Newtonian cosmology is derived in [1]}, [2]}.
Galactic dynamics with pure Newtonian gravity forces has been compared with \(N\) -body MOND simulations,
and in favour of gravitational dynamics [3]}, [4]}, and
Angus et al. find similarly
some shortcomings (mass-to-light ratios) of MOND at simulations of
the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy orbiting the Milky Way
[5]}.
The Newtonian dynamics simulations of galaxy systems described below complement the existing analyzes of the stability of galaxies.
The \(N\) -body simulations are for models of celestial objects in the Milky Way, and the objects interact
with pure gravitational forces and with and without the Hubble expansion of the space.
