Datasets. We adopt the datasets of CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 to evaluate our proposed techniques, because they are the most complex datasets prior PPNNs can be evaluated on [1]}, [2]}. The CIFAR-10 dataset includes 60K color images in 10 classes with the size of 32 \(\times \)  32, where each class consists of 6K images. 50K images are used for training, while 10K images are used for testing in CIFAR-10. The CIFAR-100 dataset is similar to CIFAR-10, except it has 100 classes, each of which has 600 images.
