The SRA states that experiments should be conducted on both the DTLZ [1]} and WFG [2]} problems because they have very different characteristics [3]}. Therefore, referring to the SRA, DTLZ1-DTLZ4 and WFG1-WFG9 are selected for empirical studies and the number of objectives \(m\)  are 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25. \(k\)  is set to 5 for DTLZ1, 10 for DTLZ2-DTLZ4, and the number of variables is \(m+k-1\)  for DTLZ1-DTLZ4 problems. For the WFG1-WFG9 problems, \(k\)  is set to \(m-1\) , \(l\)  is set to 10, and the number of variables is \(k+l\) .
