To validate the effectiveness of the proposed MS-PIIFD, a distinct set of multi-source image data are used to test the robustness and universality of the proposed algorithm, and four state-of-the-art multi-source registration algorithms including SIFT [1]}, PIIFD [2]}, PSO-SIFT [3]} and RIFT\(^{+}\)  [4]} are selected for comparison. Except for the feature point detection and description method, all processing is the same, including image normalization, noise reduction, feature point matching, and mismatch removal, etc. The experiments are all implemented using MATLAB2021a on a platform with Intel Core I7-8700 CPU.
