The resulting constraints on the cosmological parameters that represent the evolution of the equation of state of dark energy in a \(w_z\) CDM cosmological model, namely \(w_0\)  and \(w_{\rm a}\) , are shown in Figure REF  for the combined latest QSO and SNe samples. The statistical contours for the analysis that jointly considers QSOs and SNe is consistent with the phantom regime (\(w>-1\) ) and is at variance with the \(\Lambda \) CDM model at more than the \(3\sigma \)  statistical level. The constraints from the combination of Planck TT,TE,EE+lowE+lowl (i.e. baseline parameter analysishttps://wiki.cosmos.esa.int/planck-legacy-archive/index.php/CMB_spectrum_%26_Likelihood_Code) with the inclusion of baryonic acoustic oscillations are also shown [1]}. The detailed discussion of the cosmological implications of this deviation and its statistical significance is discussed at length by [2]}, [3]}.
The cosmological information given by these samples may shed new light on the possible evolution of the dark energy with time and, if confirmed independently, would suggest a profound revision of our current understanding of cosmic evolution.
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