A fully-functional fault-tolerant quantum computer faces many technical hurdles. For instance, using superconducting materials technology, quantum computers must remain cooled at a very low temperature—almost absolute zero—to preserve coherence [1]}. Moreover, environmental noise from the electronics controlling the quantum system can disrupt the coherence of its qubits.
Thus, the behavior of current quantum computer implementations needs to be characterized, verified, and rigorously certified, before their widespread commercial use [2]}.
