On the other hand, as we see in different real-world applications, such as in human communication, chemical reactions, and ecological systems, interactions can occur between not only two nodes as pairwise interactions, i.e., edges, but also three or more nodes [1]} described as higher-order interactions. Hypergraphs can be used to model higher-order interactions in complex systems where entities are represented as nodes, and higher-order interactions among them are represented as hyperedges. For example, in coauthorship networks, nodes represent authors, and hyperedges represent coauthorship between authors. As another example, in drug-drug interaction networks, nodes are substances that make up the drug, and hyperedges correspond to drugs. Besides, critical hyperedges also play a critical role in information diffusion. For example, to find the most influential article in a coauthorship network, we need to find the most influential hyperedge. As another example, in a social network, manufacturers intend to detect influential hyperedges for promoting their products to maximize the number of influenced customers.
