Given these realities, much research has been devoted to heuristic
algorithms, often of a hybrid classical-quantum nature, that aim
to offer computational advantage even with problematic hardware [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, [5]}.
While such algorithms that are suitable for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era (NISQ) [5]} are not proven to offer complexity
advantages over classical methods, they have potential to become an oasis during the long road to the development of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers.
