Our results qualify the findings of the experimental literature on anti-social punishment [1]}, [2]}, [3]}. Such contributions work with designs that rigidly separate individual choices about actions and punishments from reputational concerns. This is particularly true for [4]} which was performed on Amazon Mechanical Turk, where professionals play many games. In recent experiments, run in-person and with samples of the general population where individuals knew they were playing with citizens from the same villages or small towns [5]}, anti-social punishment was not significant. In these cases, even within an experimental setup, social norms implicitly matter and remove the scope for anti-social punishment.
