Many scholars focus on coordinating distribution networks with distributed energy storage to improve system efficiency and security. References [1]}, [2]} combined the battery with grid to reduce the PV curtailment. The security constraints, such as the line current and bus voltage limitations, were introduced based on the power flow equations. In [3]}, the grid was coordinated with a pumped hydro system to store the excess renewable generation. Reference [4]} treated electric vehicles as distributed energy storage systems and shifted their
charging period to effectively utilize PV power. In [5]}, an electricity-gas integrated energy system was proposed to enhance the utilization of renewable energy and reduce operational cost.
