Polarization is one of the most fundamental properties of electromagnetic radiation. The capability to measure, manipulate, and control the polarization state of a light beam is essential for a huge range of applications such as classical and quantum optical communications[1]}, [2]}, biological and chemical sensing[3]}, [4]}, [5]}, imaging and holography[6]}, [7]}.
In this context, optical rotation (OR) - rotation of the polarization axis of linearly polarized waves - and circular dichroism (CD) - difference in the absorption/reflectivity/transmittivity spectra of left-circularly polarized (LCP) and right-circularly polarized (RCP) light - are of paramount importance. Although these chiro-optical phenomena are extremely weak in natural materials, the recent development of chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces (MSs)[8]}, [9]}, [10]}, [11]}, [12]} has demonstrated giant OR and CD enhancement suitable for chiral biosensing and imaging[11]}, polarization conversion[14]}, negative refraction[15]}, spin-controlled wavefront shaping[16]}, and chiral detectors[17]}.
