Numerical methodologies for solving FSI problems can be roughly categorized into partitioned and monolithic schemes.
Distinct mechanisms in fluid and structure domains naturally suggest solvers using partitioned schemes [1]}, [2]}. This numerical procedure treats each physical phenomenon separately and allows the use of existing software frameworks that are well-established for each subproblem. However, the design of efficient partitioned schemes that produce stable and accurate results remains a challenge, especially when the density of fluid is comparable to that of structure due to numerical instabilities known as added mass effect [3]}. The design and analysis of partitioned schemes to circumvent such problems has been an active research area in the past decade [3]}, [5]}, [6]}, [7]}, [8]}.
An alternative to partitioned strategy is the monolithic approach, which solves the fluid flow and structure dynamics simultaneously using one unified fully-coupled formulation [9]}, [10]}, [11]}. The boundary conditions on the fluid-structure interface will be automatically satisfied in the procedure. Monolithic schemes are usually more robust than partitioned schemes and allow more rigorous analysis of discretization and solution techniques [12]}, [13]}. However, monolithic schemes have been criticized for requiring well-designed preconditioners[14]}, [15]}, [16]}, more memory and computation time since the whole system is solved in one formulation.
