For heuristic 5 (\(h_5\) ), we use a deep-learning-based method: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms (RAFT) [1]}. Its network architecture comprises three components: a feature extractor, a correlation layer that creates a 4D correlation volume for all pixel pairs, and a recurrent GRU-based update operator. We are using the version of the model that has been pretrained on the FlyingThings [2]} dataset. The optical flow visualizations in Fig. REF  were generated using RAFT.
