In a recent survey, caldarini2022literature reviewed advances in chatbots by using the common approach of acquiring scientific papers from search databases, based on certain search terms, and selecting a small subset from the lot for analysis, based on publications between 2007 and 2021.
The databases they used are IEEE, ScienceDirect, Springer, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and arXiv.
They analyzed rule-based and data-driven chatbots from the filtered collection of papers.
Their distinction of rule-based chatbots as being different from ai chatbots may be disagreed with, especially when a more general definition of ai is given and since modern systems like Alexa have rule-based components [1]}.
Meanwhile, fu2022learning reviewed learning towards conversational ai and in their survey classified conversational ai into three frameworks.
They posit that a human-like conversation system should be both (1) informative and (2) controllable.
