An attacker aims to launch a spoofing attack to undermine the performance of the detector by intercepting the transmission of reflective quantum signals and sending manipulated signals to the quantum radar detector as depicted in Figure REF . We assume the quantum radar makes decisions `naively' as in (REF ) and the attacker correspondingly distorts the \(n\)  quantum states according to ().
In [1]} we have illustrated the performance of a passive quantum detector in terms of receiver-operational characteristic curve (ROC curve) [2]}. In this paper, we aim to find detection rates \(P^n_F\)  and false alarm rates \(P^n_F\)  in terms of the number of quantum states received under adversaries.
