Active forensics based on watermarking is an important alternative for manipulation detection. The goal is to hide a tailored clue into the targeted videos for protection, and once the embedded signal is destroyed by tampering, the recipient can identify the modified areas. Meanwhile, the signal must survive video post-processing attacks to ensure robustness.
In the image domain, Imuge [1]} presents a robust watermarking scheme that protects images from being tampered with. After the recipient gets the tampered protected image, he can conduct accurate tamper localization and image recovery.
Khachaturov [2]} proposes a watermarking-like adversarial method, called Markpainting that prevents images from being inpainted.
Besides, many video watermarking methods [3]}, [4]}, [5]} have been proposed for covert data transmission.
But they only focus on hiding as much information as possible into a targeted video, and in comparison, there is little work that focuses on video watermarking against tampering attacks.
