Four available LF-based solutions including ResNet50+ST-LSTM [1]}, VGG+LSTM [2]}, VGG+BiLSTM+Attention [3]}, and ResNet50+DS-LSTM [4]}, as introduced in Section III-C, are used. The benchmarking solutions also include the VGG-16 [5]} network, pre-trained with VGG-Face 2.
