In our simulations, the A2G channel model is determined by the probability-based Line of Sight (LoS)/Non Line of Sight (NLoS) path loss under suburban geographical parameters. It is worth mentioning that the LoS component usually dominates the A2G channel when the UAV is in the high altitude [1]} while the NLoS component may have higher impact than the LoS component especially in the low altitude, where there are obstacles such as trees and bushes [2]}. Thus, the probability-based LoS and NLoS model can take both the cases into account, especially considering the remote or rural area. Moreover, the energy transmitting power at the UAV is fixed at \(10\mathrm {W}\) . The energy conversion efficiency at the IoT node is set as \(0.3\) . The communication bandwidth for data transmission is \(15\mathrm {MHz}\) . We choose different AE-BF settings (as discussed in Section REF ) to evaluate the achievable powering distance and data rate.
