As can be seen from (A34) in [1]}, the poloidally-independent shift in the flux surface in the normal direction, \(X_{20}\) , increases proportional to \(B_{20}\) . Here, the normal vector is \(\hat{\textbf {n}} = \textbf {r}^{\prime \prime }(l)/|\textbf {r}^{\prime \prime }(l)|\) , where \(\textbf {r}(l)\)  is the position vector along the magnetic axis parameterized by the length. In the axisymmetric limit, a positive value of \(X_{20}\)  indicates a net shift of the surfaces' geometric center toward a smaller major radius. This correlation between \(X_{20}\)  and \(B_{20}\)  is consistent with the statement that a Shafranov shift provides a magnetic well. In Figures REF  and REF  we display the magnetic axis (blue star) and normal vector (black arrow) along with the shapes of several magnetic surfaces for the optimized configurations. While both the unconstrained and constrained optima feature a net shift in the geometric center of the flux surfaces in the normal direction, this is achieved with vastly different shaping of the boundary. Interestingly, both configurations feature negative triangularity at the \(\phi = 0.5\)  \((2\pi /N_P)\)  plane.
