Solving problem (REF ) typically requires an iterative process between the BS and devices. However, in practical systems, such as an IoT, the devices are energy-constrained. They are unable to run a power consuming FL process. Hence, we propose to manage the level of precision of our FL to reduce the energy consumption for computation, memory access, and transmission. As such, we adopt a QNN structure whose weights and activations are quantized in fixed-point format rather than conventional 32-bit floating-point format [1]}.
