
where
\(\lbrace {X}_k\rbrace _{k=0}^{{N}-1}\)  are random input symbols modulated by a finite constellation, and \({L}\ge 1\)  is the over-sampling factor
(\({L}=1\)  is the Nyquist sampling rate).
As shown in [1]}, [2]}, oversampling by a factor of four results in a good approximation of the continuous-time \(\mathsf {PAPR}\)  of complex \(\mathsf {OFDM}\)  signals.
The \(\mathsf {PAPR}\)  of the transmitted signal in (REF ) is defined as the ratio between the maximum peak power and the average power of the \(\mathsf {OFDM}\)  signal, i.e.,
\(\mathsf {PAPR} \triangleq \frac{\max _{0 \le n \le {LN}-1} |{x_n}|^2}{\mathbb {E}|{x_n}|^2},\) 
