Aharonov et al. [1]} first proposed the idea of quantum pigeonhole effect(QPHE) where they have shown that in some scenarios the classical pigeonhole counting principle is violated. It is shown that for a particular choice of pre- and post-selected state, three quantum particles which can take two quantum states could end up in a situation where no two particles can be found in the same quantum states. To observe the quantum pigeonhole effect, the former designed and performed an interferometric experiment shown in Figure REF . In their set-up three quantum particles (pigeons) pass simultaneously through the two arms (Pigeonholes/boxes) of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) which characterizes two distinct quantum state (\(\left|0\right\rangle \)  and \(\left|1\right\rangle \) ) of the quantum particles. Now because of the Coulomb repulsion between the quantum particles if at least two or three particles are in the same arm of the interferometer then the particles will repel each other and expected to get deflected and the pattern of the detector will give information whether any of the quantum particles are in the same path of the interferometer or not. The particles have equal probability of arriving at either of the two detectors. It is shown that if one post-select those cases where all three quantum particles are detected at the same detector then the pattern of the detector indicates that none of the quantum particles get deflected thus no such interaction has taken place. It suggests that no two quantum particles can take the same path which contradict the classical pigeonhole principle. This phenomenon has already drawn a fair amount of attention. Recently, Chen et al. [2]} experimentally demonstrated the quantum pigeonhole paradox using three single photons, transmitting through two distinct polarization channels under appropriate pre and post selections of the polarization states. They used the weak measurement technique [3]}, [4]}, [5]} to probe the underlying mechanism. Mahesh et al. [6]} experimentally simulated the quantum pigeonhole principle using four-qubit NMR quantum simulator where the quantum pigeons are mimicked by three spin-1/2 nuclei whose states are probed by another ancillary spin. It was also argued that the effect arises from the quantum contextuality in quantum physics. Later, Rae and Forgan describe, the effect is observed due to the interference between the wavefunctions of weakly interacting quantum particles [7]}. In order to close any conceptual loophole that may arise from the unknown local interactions of the physical qubits, Paraoanu illustrated the violation based on non-local schemes by designing two different quantum circuit using standard gates and measurement [8]}.
