Electron-positron pair creation from vacuum in intense electromagnetic fields, known as the Schwinger effect, is a nonperturbative phenomena in quantum electrodynamics (QED) challenging both theoretically and experimentally [1]}, [2]}, [3]}.
As is identified by Sauter and later formulated by Schwinger within QED, the quantum vacuum decays into real particles through tunneling when the external field strength reaches the critical value \(E_{\rm {cr}} = {m_e^2c^3} / {e\hbar } \approx 1.3 \times 10^{18} {\rm V}/{\rm m}\)[3]}.
However, the corresponding critical field intensity \(I_{\rm {cr}}=4.3 \times 10^{29}{\rm W}/{\rm cm^{2}}\)  is yet demanding for the current laser technology and the Schwinger effect still awaits an experimental verification.
Recent theoretical investigations indicate that vacuum pair production can be achieved through various enhancement mechanisms via careful shaping of the laser pulses with intensities one or two orders below the critical value [5]}, [6]}, [7]}, [8]}, which brings hope for the detection of the vacuum pair creation with the advanced laser facilities in the near future [9]}, [10]}, [11]}, [12]}.
