One can clearly notice how parameters \(T_L\)  and \(K_L\)  influence the actual acceleration of the vehicle as compared to the demanded acceleration by the controller. Previous literature has also highlighted the relation of parameters \(T_L\)  and \(K_L\)  to uncertainties in vehicular dynamics [1]}, [2]}, [3]}. Ideally, if no external disturbances affect the controller, \(a(t) = u(t)\) , and thus \(T_L=0\)  and \(K_L=1\) . In reality, however, \(T_L\)  and \(K_L\)  are highly stochastic parameters and carry significant impact on the local/string stability of the vehicle as highlighted below.
