We employ three challenging datasets for evaluation: CoCA [1]}, CoSOD3k [2]}, and Cosal2015 [3]}. The last is a large dataset widely used in the evaluation of CoSOD methods. The ﬁrst two were recently proposed for challenging real-world co-saliency evaluation, with the images usually containing multiple common and non-common objects against a complex background. We use maximum E-measure \(E^{max}_{\phi }\)  [4]}, S-measure \(S_{\alpha }\)  [5]}, maximum F-measure \(F_\beta ^{max}\)  [6]}, and mean absolute error (MAE) to evaluate methods in our experiments. Evaluation toolbox: https://dpfan.net/CoSOD3K/.
