Utilizing the four key concepts of distributed team collaboration – as outlined by Olson and Olson [1]} as a basis – one of the authors then developed an initial list of codes.
It is important to note that we created this initial list of codes before analyzing the collected data. We opted for this approach to curate a broader list of codes (for which we could or could not find occurrences within data). This initial list was created based on our experience participating in and investigating hackathons and on related works on the topic. For instance, we noticed that online hackathons used tools such as Slack, GitHub and Zoom for collaboration (i.e., collaboration technology readiness in Olson and Olson [1]}), so we included these and other tools of similar purpose. We also used seminal hackathon collaboration characteristics that have been explored by related works as codes [3]}, [4]}, [5]}, such as networking, learning, mentoring, etc. (i.e., collaboration readiness in Olson and Olson [1]}). We performed a similar procedure for the other key concepts of distributed team collaboration [7]}, [8]}.
After we had created the first draft of the code list, the other authors discussed and revised each item.
The aforementioned codes were aimed to contribute to answering RQ\(_{\ref {RQ1}}\) . In addition we also included codes related to the organization of and event (e.g. checkpoints) and the mentoring approach (e.g., mentoring) to answer RQ\(_{\ref {RQ2}}\) .
