In the context of nuclear and high-energy physics, the scrambling dynamics of nonabelian gauge theories play a key role in understanding the thermalization of quark-gluon plasma produced in the relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments since fast scrambling is closely tied to rapid thermalization [1]}.
In the theoretical studies of the heavy-ion collision experiments, rapid thermalization is predicted, for instance, by gauge-gravity duality and hydrodynamic models [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, [5]}, [6]}, [7]} (see Refs. [8]}, [9]} for reviews), while fast scrambling dynamics is predicted only by gauge-gravity duality [10]}, [11]}, [12]} and no direct analysis of nonabelian gauge theories can handle their scrambling properties (as well as rapid thermalization) so far. Conventionally, such rapid thermalization is attributed to the strong coupling nature of the underlying nonabelian gauge theory, that is, quantum chromodynamics, in a relatively large system. It is, however, observed that even small systems exhibit a hydrodynamic behavior and has led to a significant controversy [13]}, [14]}, [15]} (see also Ref. [9]}). Hence it is of great interest to carry out quantum simulation of the real-time dynamics of strongly-coupled gauge theory in a small system and study its scrambling properties, which is potentially performed on a near term quantum hardware while it is still hard task for classical computers.
