Here, localization and repair is factorized into first localizing a bug location (\(p_{\text{loc}} ( l \mid \mathcal {T})\) ) and then finding a repair dependent on the bug location (\(p_{\text{repair}}( r \mid l, \mathcal {T})\) ). For localization, we include a special NOOP location that indicates that \(\mathcal {T}\)  is bug-free and no repair is necessary. In practice, we implement the probability distributions similar to pointer networks [1]} (with the addition of an external vocabulary for repair).
