where \(n\)  is the total number of videos. MIL loss supervises class-wise probability scores which are computed based on activation scores \(A[c,t]\) . Therefore, MIL learns activation scores and T-CAM (def REF ) for each video and is used in W-TALC [1]}, Action Graphs [2]}, UNet [3]}, and Actionbytes [4]}.
