Note that Eq. REF  boils down to the same objective that MMC [1]} proposes, i.e. the center regression loss. While MMC reaches to this objective from the perspective of inducing compact feature representations for model robustness, we arrive at this objective by simply following the principle of maximum likelihood estimation of model parameter \(\mathbf {\theta }\)  of joint density \(p_{\mathbf {\theta }}(\mathbf {x},y)\)  with the “self-normalization" approximation [2]}.
