The prominent banded structure at the cloud tops of Jupiter's atmosphere
(Fig. REF a) has been observed for centuries [1]}.
These reflectivity contrasts are partially aligned (mainly at low
latitudes, [2]}) with the belts and zones (Fig. REF a),
defined by the sign of the zonal-wind vorticity (\(\bar{\zeta }=-{\partial \bar{u}}{\partial y}\) 
in Fig. REF c, where \(u\)  is zonal velocity, \(y\)  is
in the meridional direction and an over-line represents a zonal mean).
Voyager measurements suggested that the zones are associated with
ascending motion, but this was limited to low latitudes due to its
equatorial trajectory and to altitudes above \(0.5\)  bar [3]}.
The latitudinal profile of the zonal wind, calculated using cloud-tracking
[4]}, [5]}, [6]}, reveals that the equatorial
region is characterized by a strong eastward flow, while the midlatitudes
exhibit alternating jets, spaced \(2-8^{\circ }\)  apart in latitude
(Fig. REF b). The midlatitude jets are correlated with
the eddy momentum flux convergence [7]} (\({-\partial \left(\overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}\right)}{\partial y}\) 
in Fig. REF d, where \(v\)  is meridional velocity and
an apostrophe represents deviations from the zonal mean, i.e. “eddy”
terms), implying that the midlatitude jets are eddy-driven [2]}, [9]},
similar to the jets within Earth's Ferrel cells [10]}, [11]}.
To illustrate the relation between the jets and the eddies, regions
of positive (negative) vorticity gradient, \({\partial \zeta }{\partial y}=-{\partial ^{2}\bar{u}}{\partial y^{2}}\) ,
at midlatitudes, are marked by light red (blue) bands (Fig. REF ),
where counter-clockwise (clockwise) Ferrel-like circulation cells
are expected in the northern hemisphere (NH). Similar circulations,
but in opposite directions, apply for the southern hemisphere (SH).
Evidence for vertical motion comes also from observations of lightning
flashes [12]}, [5]}, [14]}, suggesting updrafts
in cyclonic belt regions (e.g., Fig. REF e).
