Direct associations (a.k.a. color-concept associations) are the degree to which a color is associated with a concept. They are estimated using various measures, including human judgments [1]}, [2]}, [3]}, [4]}, [5]}, [6]}, [7]}, [8]}, [9]}, image statistics [10]}, [11]}, [12]}, [6]}, and language corpora [11]}, [15]}.
