then as shown in
[1]}, [2]}, [3]},
an additional term arises due to the quantum correction of the field equations,
even at the background cosmological level. Specifically, the geodesic flow equation,
or the Raychaudhuri equation, () gets modified by a quantum
potential given by
[1]}
\(U_{_Q}=\, \frac{\hbar ^2}{m^2} \, h^{\mu \nu } \, \nabla \!_\mu \nabla \!_\nu \left(\frac{\square \mathcal {R}}{\mathcal {R}}\right) \,,\) 
