Existing solutions for scheduling V2V communications outside the network coverage are based on distributed methods, where vehicles select resources autonomously. 3GPP defines such a resource allocation method (named “mode 4” in Long Term Evolution (LTE) [1]}, and “mode 2” in the fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) [2]}), which is based on sensing of the radio resources by the vehicles. Another solution is defined by the IEEE standard 802.11p [3]} (and its successor 802.11bd [4]}) based on carrier-sensing multiple access. Although distributed solutions do not require a network infrastructure, they suffer from the hidden node problem due to the limited local view, which results in reduced quality of service [5]}, [6]}, [7]}. Given that the use cases require consistently high reliability and low latency of V2V communication to be maintained irrespective of coverage [8]}, the intermittent coverage poses one of the key problems in assuring proper V2V connectivity.
