In another work [1]}, a unified neural network framework has been proposed, named Deep Recurrent Spatial-Aware Network (DRSAN). It incorporates a Recurrent Spatial-Aware Refinement (RSAR) module iteratively conducting two components: i) a Spatial Transformer Network [2]} that dynamically locates an attentional region from the crowd density map and transforms it to the suitable scale and rotation for optimal crowd estimation; ii) a Local Refinement Network that refines the density map of the attended region with residual learning.
