In this section, we conduct numerical simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed diagnostic technique.
The number of antenna elements is set to \(N=64\) .
The number of faulty antenna elements is set to 3, whose locations are chosen uniformly at random.
The amplitude and phase of the entries in the fault-induced channel deviation \(\mathbf {h}_\mathrm {f}\)  follow \(U(0.2, 1)\)  and \(U(0, 2\pi )\) , respectively.
Regularization parameters are set to \(\lambda = 0.4\)  and \(\tau =0.3\) .
We adopt the success probability as the performance metric, which is defined as the probability that the states of all antenna elements are correctly identified.
For comparison, we adopt the diagnostic techniques proposed in [1]} (denoted as Eltayeb18) and [2]} (denoted as Medina20) as benchmark techniques, which require full and partial CSI, respectively.
