We compiled near-IR (NIR) data from the VISTA Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy Survey [1]}, [2]}.
The VIKING data were incorporated into KiDS DR4, for which aperture-matched optical–NIR forced photometry is available.
We used \(J\) -, \(H\) -, and \(K_{\rm S}\) -band data with 5\(\sigma \)  limiting magnitudes of about 23 in \(J\)  and 22 in \(K_{\rm S}\)  [3]}.
Before cross-matching, we extracted sources with FLAG_GAAP_J = 0, FLAG_GAAP_H = 0, or FLAG_GAAP_Ks = 0 to ensure reliable photometry [3]}.
