Let us briefly survey Healey's positive account of the AB effect, which is called the holonomies view [1]} (also see Belot [2]} and Wu and Yang [3]}). In addition to assigning vectors such as \(\textbf {E}\)  and \(\textbf {B}\)  to points in space, this view assigns complex numbers—called holonomies—to closed curves in space. These holonomies are gauge-invariant complex numbers of unit modulus:
\(h(\gamma )= \exp  \left[ i \oint _\gamma \textbf {A} \cdot d\textbf {x} \right] .\) 
