"While smoking is a public health scourge the nicotine in cigarettes may have some promise in treating another growing problem mild cognitive impairment MCI which can be a precursor to Alzheimers disease or other forms of dementia.  A new study on nonsmokers found that six months of treatment with nicotine patches restored longterm memory performance to  of normal while placebo patients experienced a  decline in recall during the same treatment period. The randomized controlled trial included  people mainly in their late s with mild cognitive impairment MCI. MCI falls somewhere between the normal senior moments that occur with aging and the more serious lapses in recall and orientation that are typical of dementia. People with MCI are aware of their deficits but are still able to function and complete their daily activities. Prior research has shown repeatedly that nicotine enhances memory and reaction time which is one reason smokers cite for sticking with their habit.  About half the participants were former smokers. Attention memory and reaction time all improved in those given nicotine treatment on several objective tests and patients own ratings of their cognitive abilities and those of family members or other people close to them also showed improvement. Moreover nicotines positive effects did not seem to wane over time. However when clinical experts rated overall general change in the patients they did not see a significant difference between the two groups. MORE A Cheaper Way to Quit Smoking httphealthland.time.comacheaperwaytoquitsmoking Was the nicotine actually having an effect on memory Possibly. Intriguingly it appeared to be more effective among people with two copies of the APOE gene a genetic combination that increases risk for Alzheimers by a factor of  or higher.  People with Alzheimers disease have reduced numbers of nicotine receptors in their brains and while the research is conflicting some evidence suggests that the drug could protect these neurons.  Other research httphealthland.time.com however suggests that nicotine might enhance the cancercausing properties of other substances. The authors conclude This initial study provides evidence for nicotineinduced cognitive improvement in subjects with MCI however whether these effects are clinically important will require larger studies. The study found no problematic side effects associated with the nicotine patch and none of the patients had withdrawal symptoms when it was stopped.  However patients on nicotine did lose a few pounds which is a known side effect.  The research was funded by the National Institute on Aging but some of the authors also receive pharmaceutical industry funding and one reported funding from Philip Morris.  Patches were provided by the manufacturer Pfizer. The study http was led by Dr. Paul Newhouse of Vanderbilt University and published in Neurology. MORE Is Nicotine a Gateway to Cocaine Addiction and Cancer httphealthland.time.com"