"Instead of shrinking as expected as part of the normal aging process the memory center in the brains of seniors maintained their size and in men grew modestly after two years in a program that engaged them in meaningful and social activities new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Healthled research suggests. At the same time those with larger increases in the brains volume over two years also saw the greatest improvements on memory tests showing a direct correlation between brain volume and the reversal of a type of cognitive decline linked to increased risk for Alzheimers disease. The research published online in Alzheimers  Dementia The Journal of the Alzheimers Association studied participants in the Baltimore Experience Corps a program that brings retired people into public schools to serve as mentors to young children working with teachers to help them learn to read in understaffed school libraries. Someone once said to me that being in this program removed the cobwebs from her brain and this study shows that is exactly what is happening says study leader Michelle Carlson PhD an associate professor in the Department of Mental Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. By helping others participants are helping themselves in ways beyond just feeding their souls. They are helping their brains. The brain shrinks as part of aging but with this program we appear to have stopped that shrinkage and are reversing part of the aging process. For the study Carlson and her colleagues randomized  men and women to either participate in the Experience Corps  or not . They took MRI scans of their brains at enrollment and then again after  and  months. They also conducted memory tests. Participants were an average of . years old predominantly AfricanAmerican were in good health came from neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status and had some college education. The control arm of the study those not involved in Experience Corps exhibited agerelated shrinkage in brain volumes. Typically annual rates of atrophy in adults over age  range from . percent to two percent. The men who were enrolled in Experience Corps however showed a . percent to . percent increase in brain volumes over the course of two years. Though not statistically significant women appeared to experience small gains as compared to declines in the control group of one percent over  months. Carlson notes that many cognitive intervention studies last one year or less. One strength of this study she says is that the participants were followed for two years which in this case was long enough to see changes that wouldnt have been detected after just one year. The researchers were particularly interested in the results considering that people with less education and who live in poverty are at greater risk for cognitive decline. Carlson says its not entirely clear which elements of Experience Corps account for the improved memory function and increased brain volumes. She says the program increases involvement in so many different kinds of activities that retired people may not have engaged in otherwise. Participants need to get out of bed walk to the bus and walk up and down stairs inside the schools. They work in teams. They work with young people. They share their knowledge and know they are doing good in the world. They engage in problem solving and they socialize in ways they wouldnt have if they stayed at home. Were not training them on one skill like doing crossword puzzles she says. Were embedding complexity and novelty into their daily lives something that tends to disappear once people retire. The same things that benefit us at      contact with others meaningful work  are certain to benefit us as we age. Experience Corps is a national program however it can be costly and isnt available everywhere. But Carlson says she believes finding purpose and civic engagement may forestall some of the damage of aging on the brain.  Impact of the Baltimore Experience Corps Trial on cortical and hippocampal volumes was written by Michelle C. Carlson Julie H. Kuo YiFang Chuang Vijay Varma Greg Harris Marilyn Albert Kirk I. Erickson Arthur F. Kramer Jeanine M. Parisi QianLi Xue Erwin Tan Elizabeth K. Tanner Alden Gross Teresa E. Seeman Tara Gruenewald Sylvia McGill George W. Rebok and Linda P. Fried. The study was supported by the Johns Hopkins Neurobehavioral Research Unit the National Institutes of Healths National Institute on Aging P AG the Alzheimers Drug Discovery Foundation and the Johns Hopkins Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Aging Research Fellowship NIA TAG."