"Researchers have identified two new biological markers of cystic fibrosis CF a genetic disease which affects children and young adults leaving them with lifelong health complications including digestive problems and persistent lung infections. The findings published in the journal ACS Central Science shed new light on the underlying mechanisms of CF and could lead to improved prognosis and better therapies for a disease which is quite variable affecting different children in different ways say researchers.  There are chemical signatures in sweat that tell us an infant has CF says Philip BritzMcKibbin lead author of the study and a professor in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at McMaster University. We set out to discover whether there were chemical indicators detected in sweat that could complement the gold standard for CF diagnosis the sweat chloride test.  The test is commonly used in universal newborn diseasescreening programs and measures the concentrations of salt. Elevated sweat chloride confirms that an infant actually has CF.  But there are some obstacles that complicate clinical decisionmaking explains BritzMcKibbin because sweat chloride can result in ambiguous diagnoses in some borderline cases and does not reveal how the disease might progress for individual patients.  Sweat contains lots of information related to human health that researchers have not fully analyzed and we found some unexpected chemicals associated with CF he says.  Using a specialized technique developed at McMaster scientists collected and analyzed sweat samples from infants in CF clinics at the McMaster Childrens Hospital and the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto.  They identified several unknown chemicals beyond chloride that were consistently associated with babies who had CF including two different drug and environmental compounds the infants secreted in sweat at much lower concentration levels.  Testing for these biomarkers could be done in cases in which the chloride sweat test result is unclear say researchers. The biomarkers also point to other underlying mechanisms that contribute to the progression of CF and could lead to better therapeutic interventions earlier in life. The easier it is to detect CF the earlier it can be diagnosed and the better peoples chances are at living a longer healthier life says Joanna Valsamis Chief Healthcare Research and Advocacy Officer at Cystic Fibrosis Canada. CF Canada invests heavily in research that aims to improve the lives of people living with CF and findings such as those from Dr. BritzMcKibbin are crucial to our understanding of the disease. In Canada one in every  children are diagnosed with CF. But life expectancy rates have risen dramatically in recent decades with the median age of survival now over  years due to better treatments to improve lung function better nutrition and lung transplants. Further benefits are expected with the advent of newborn screening programs that have resulted in early detection.  The research was funded in part by Cystic Fibrosis Canada. Since  CF Canada has invested more than  million in leading CF research and care."