"Playing football can improve bone development in adolescent boys new research shows.  In a study comparing adolescent footballers to swimmers cyclists and a control group of boys not involved in regular sport scientists at the University of Exeter found football led to significantly better bones after one year of training.  Adolescence is the key period for bone development and poor development at this stage is linked to reduced peak bone mass the amount of bone mass at the end of the skeletal maturation around age  increased fracture risk and osteoporosis later in life.  Though swimming and cycling have proven health benefits the scientists said their study raises a question about whether they are good for bone development due to the nonweight bearing training  and they say young swimmers and cyclists could benefit from more weightbearing exercise in training regimes.  Our research shows that playing football can improve bone development in comparison to swimming and cycling said first author Dimitris Vlachopoulos of Sport and Health Sciences at the University of Exeter.  Though we focussed on aspiring professionals who played as much as nine hours a week playing football for three hours a week might be enough for a substantial effect.  We already knew exercise was key for bone growth but here we clarify what type of exercise.  Although we didnt study other sports its reasonable to suppose that weightbearing highimpact highintensity exercise like tennis badminton basketball and handball will have similar effects to football.  The yearlong study of  boys aged  took a variety of measures including bone mineral content BMC.  BMC measurements were taken at the lumbar spine lower back and femoral neck upper leg  both key sites for both fractures and osteoporosis.  The results showed footballers had higher BMC than swimmers and cyclists after one year of sportspecific training.  For example footballers BMC was  higher than that of cyclists at the lumbar spine and  higher at the femoral neck.  The research was funded by the EU via a MarieSklodowskaCurie fellowship awarded to principal investigator Dr Luis GraciaMarco also of the University of Exeter.  Dr GraciaMarco said The sports we studied are the three most popular in the UK and its important to know what effects they have in relation to bone health.  Adolescence is the key time for bone growth. Once a person reaches puberty the next five years are vitally important in this respect.  The athletes in the study were all playing highlevel sport  the footballers in Exeter City FCs youth setup and the swimmers and cyclists at leading clubs in the South West.  The boys in the control group though generally active were not involved in regular sport.  Despite the many health benefits of cycling and swimming the study found little difference in bone development between cyclists swimmers and the control group.  This raises a question about whether swimming and cycling are good for bone development Dr Gracia Marco said.  We now need to consider how to counteract the lack of bone growth stimulus caused by cycling and swimming possibly by encouraging swimmers and cyclists to add weightbearing exercise in their training.  One innovative aspect of the study was the measurement of bone texture of the lumbar spine using trabecular bone score TBS  the first use of this technique in adolescent athletes.  The paper entitled Longitudinal Adaptations of Bone Mass Geometry and Metabolism in Adolescent Male Athletes. The PROBONE Study is published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.  The research is part of a larger University of Exeter study called PROBONE.   Note to editors Being a UK university when we say football we mean the game otherwise known as soccer."