"How much  or how little  you eat could influence how long you live. The idea of caloric control improving your health and therefore your lifespan is nothing new but researchers are now hoping to accurately determine the type of diet that could make you live longer. One team at the University of Southern California  http are reducing the calorie count as low as it can go using specific foods to trick the human body into thinking its fasting  a process called fasting mimicry. Diet can have a remarkable effect on you says Valter Longo Professor of Gerontology at USC Davis who has been long been researching the mechanisms behind human aging and has recently turned his attention to fasting. It can reprogram your body and put it on a path to live longer says Longo. Shutdown and regeneration Fasting has been performed by communities and cultures for millennia and Longos team are curious about the advantages. Their idea follows on from the long running trend of caloric restriction mostly known through diets such as the  diet and intermittent fasting. Longo tested the impact of fasting for five consecutive days every month believing that when the body thinks its in a state of fasting it shuts down and goes into standby mode. As cells are killed and the body goes into standby your stem cells switch on says Longo. Once switched on the stem cells can regenerate the lost cells and organ mass  leaving you shiny and new. When cells in the body age their ratios change and Longo believes the bodys reaction  and repair methods  to fasting help restore them to when you were younger. Youre killing the bad cells and regenerating with cells that are more functional. Starvation strategies In a  study http Longos team set a specific diet for human volunteers which mimicked the effects of fasting over five consecutive days monthly for three months. Trials were also conducted in mice. People consumed approximately  calories on day one and  calories for the remaining four days but these numbers alone didnt determine the benefit. Its not just about reducing calories says Longo. His diet is designed to include specific percentages of protein fat and carbohydrates for maximum effect. The food items used however were specific to the trial and if translated to the public would involve designing meals made up of the right combination of nutrients. Read more New protein could help burn fat faster httpsedition.cnn.comhealthnewproteinfatburnfeatindex.html The human fasting mimicking diet FMD program is a plant based diet program designed to attain fastinglike effects while providing micronutrient nourishment vitamins minerals etc. and minimize the burden of fasting Longo said in the study http After three months the benefits were a reduction in body weight as well as certain risk factors for cardiovascular disease. There was also an increase in certain stem cells in the body. The diet is turning on the bodys ability to renew itself says Longo. The team have since calculated that following the diet every three months could provide enough of an impact as effects are thought to last up to six months. How does it work When you fast you lower protein and certain amino acids and you control pathways in the body says Longo. The pathways he refers to are known as TOR PKA and IGF pathways which when controlled can switch on certain reactions inside the body causing immune cells to die and organs to shrink. This activation or reduction of pathways is why the components of the diet such a proteins must also be controlled. You wont activate the correct pathways says Longo. When you make IGF less active it reduces risk factors linked to diabetes and cardiovascular disease says Miguel ToribioMateas Chairman of the British Association for Applied Nutrition and Nutritional Therapy. According to ToribioMateas the results confirm earlier theories that some hormonelike growth factors that are required during development to grow then become promoting agents of aging after development and sexual maturity have been reached. He also believes the benefits are down to improved efficiency on a cellular level. Cells have a list of things to do every day...like getting rid of toxins says ToribioMateas. If their workload is then disrupted by the need to store excess calories certain products can accumulate. Regulating calories can have a very positive effect he says. To him diet underpins longevity. Is it safe Unlike the  diet which requires two days of low calories at any point in the week Longos diet involves fasting for five consecutive days which requires much more willpower. Five days is safe going on for longer is difficult to do outside of a clinic says Longo.  Read more Five ways to eat yourself healthier httpedition.cnn.comhealthfivewaystoeatyourselfhealthier More work needs to be done to fine tune the diet and determine meals that meet the criteria. Longo has since founded his own nutrition company. LNutra to sell products that serve this purpose which may be seen as a conflict of interest. He states that profits are going back into funding further research by his team. The results of the study are encouraging and warrant more research in this area says ToribioMateas."