More recently, because the cost of letting groups communicate with each other has fallen through the floor, and communication costs are one of the big inputs to coordination, there has been a second answer, which is to put the cooperation into the infrastructure, to design systems that coordinate the output of the group as a by-product of the operating of the system, without regard to institutional models.
Recientemente, debido a que los costos de comunicación intra-grupal se han desplomado, y esos costos son uno de los grandes factores para la coordinación, ha sugido una segunda respuesta: incorporar la cooperación en la infraestructura para diseñar sistemas que coordinen los resultados del grupo, como un producto operacional intermedio del sistema, prescindiendo de modelos institucionales.