#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
#define FOR(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define sz(c) ((int)c.size())
#define ten(n) ((int)1e##n)
using ll = long long;
using Pii = pair<int, int>;
using Pll = pair<ll, ll>;

template<typename ...> static inline int getchar_unlocked(void) { return getchar(); }
template<typename ...> static inline void putchar_unlocked(int c) { putchar(c); }
#define mygc(c) (c)=getchar_unlocked()
#define mypc(c) putchar_unlocked(c)
void reader(int& x) { int k, m = 0; x = 0; for (;;) { mygc(k); if (k == '-') { m = 1; break; }if ('0' <= k&&k <= '9') { x = k - '0'; break; } }for (;;) { mygc(k); if (k<'0' || k>'9')break; x = x * 10 + k - '0'; }if (m) x = -x; }
void reader(ll& x) { int k, m = 0; x = 0; for (;;) { mygc(k); if (k == '-') { m = 1; break; }if ('0' <= k&&k <= '9') { x = k - '0'; break; } }for (;;) { mygc(k); if (k<'0' || k>'9')break; x = x * 10 + k - '0'; }if (m) x = -x; }
int reader(char c[]) { int i, s = 0; for (;;) { mygc(i); if (i != ' '&&i != '\n'&&i != '\r'&&i != '\t'&&i != EOF) break; }c[s++] = i; for (;;) { mygc(i); if (i == ' ' || i == '\n' || i == '\r' || i == '\t' || i == EOF) break; c[s++] = i; }c[s] = '\0'; return s; }
int reader(string& c) { int i; for (;;) { mygc(i); if (i != ' '&&i != '\n'&&i != '\r'&&i != '\t'&&i != EOF) break; }c.push_back(i); for (;;) { mygc(i); if (i == ' ' || i == '\n' || i == '\r' || i == '\t' || i == EOF) break; c.push_back(i); }; return sz(c); }
template <class T, class S> void reader(T& x, S& y) { reader(x); reader(y); }
template <class T, class S, class U> void reader(T& x, S& y, U& z) { reader(x); reader(y); reader(z); }
template <class T, class S, class U, class V> void reader(T& x, S& y, U& z, V & w) { reader(x); reader(y); reader(z); reader(w); }
void writer(int x, char c) { int s = 0, m = 0; char f[10]; if (x<0)m = 1, x = -x; while (x)f[s++] = x % 10, x /= 10; if (!s)f[s++] = 0; if (m)mypc('-'); while (s--)mypc(f[s] + '0'); mypc(c); }
void writer(ll x, char c) { int s = 0, m = 0; char f[20]; if (x<0)m = 1, x = -x; while (x)f[s++] = x % 10, x /= 10; if (!s)f[s++] = 0; if (m)mypc('-'); while (s--)mypc(f[s] + '0'); mypc(c); }
void writer(const char c[]) { int i; for (i = 0; c[i] != '\0'; i++)mypc(c[i]); }
void writer(const string& x, char c) { int i; for (i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)mypc(x[i]); mypc(c); }
void writer(const char x[], char c) { int i; for (i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)mypc(x[i]); mypc(c); }
template<class T> void writerLn(T x) { writer(x, '\n'); }
template<class T, class S> void writerLn(T x, S y) { writer(x, ' '); writer(y, '\n'); }
template<class T, class S, class U> void writerLn(T x, S y, U z) { writer(x, ' '); writer(y, ' '); writer(z, '\n'); }
template<class T> void writerArr(T x[], int n) { if (!n) { mypc('\n'); return; }FOR(i, n - 1)writer(x[i], ' '); writer(x[n - 1], '\n'); }
template<class T> void writerArr(vector<T>& x) { writerArr(x.data(), (int)x.size()); }

template<class T> void chmin(T& a, const T& b) { if (a > b) a = b; }
template<class T> void chmax(T& a, const T& b) { if (a < b) a = b; }

template<class T> T gcd(T a, T b) { return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a; }
template<class T> T lcm(T a, T b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }
ll mod_pow(ll a, ll n, ll mod) {
	ll ret = 1;
	ll p = a % mod;
	while (n) {
		if (n & 1) ret = ret * p % mod;
		p = p * p % mod;
		n >>= 1;
	}
	return ret;
}
template<class T> T extgcd(T a, T b, T& x, T& y) { for (T u = y = 1, v = x = 0; a;) { T q = b / a; swap(x -= q * u, u); swap(y -= q * v, v); swap(b -= q * a, a); } return b; }
template<class T> T mod_inv(T a, T m) { T x, y; extgcd(a, m, x, y); return (m + x % m) % m; }

int dp[ten(5) + 10][2];

void chmin(int& a, int b) {
	a = min(a, b);
}

int main() {
	int n; reader(n);
	vector<Pii> vp;
	vp.push_back(Pii(0,0));
	int cnt = 0;
	FOR(i, n) {
		int a; reader(a);
		int f = -1, s = -1;
		FOR(j, 31) {
			if (a & (1 << j)) {
				f = s;
				s = j;
			}
		}

		if (f == -1) {
			vp.emplace_back(s, s);
		} else {
			vp.emplace_back(s, s + 1);
			cnt++;
		}
	}
	vp.push_back(Pii(0, 0));

	memset(dp, 0x1d, sizeof(dp));
	dp[0][0] = 0;
	dp[1][0] = 0;
	FOR(i, sz(vp)) {
		if (i == 0) continue;
		FOR(j, 2) FOR(k, 2) {
			int last = j == 0 ? vp[i - 1].first : vp[i - 1].second;
			int cur = k == 0 ? vp[i].second : vp[i].first;
			int add = abs(cur - last);
			chmin(dp[i + 1][k], dp[i][j] + add);
		}
	}
	int ans = dp[sz(vp)][0] + cnt;
	writerLn(ans / 2);

	return 0;
}
### Prompt

Generate a Cpp solution to the following problem:

There are A slimes lining up in a row. Initially, the sizes of the slimes are all 1.

Snuke can repeatedly perform the following operation.

* Choose a positive even number M. Then, select M consecutive slimes and form M / 2 pairs from those slimes as follows: pair the 1-st and 2-nd of them from the left, the 3-rd and 4-th of them, ..., the (M-1)-th and M-th of them. Combine each pair of slimes into one larger slime. Here, the size of a combined slime is the sum of the individual slimes before combination. The order of the M / 2 combined slimes remain the same as the M / 2 pairs of slimes before combination.



Snuke wants to get to the situation where there are exactly N slimes, and the size of the i-th (1 ≤ i ≤ N) slime from the left is a_i. Find the minimum number of operations required to achieve his goal.

Note that A is not directly given as input. Assume A = a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_N.

Constraints

* 1 ≤ N ≤ 10^5
* a_i is an integer.
* 1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N


Output

Print the minimum number of operations required to achieve Snuke's goal.

Examples

Input

2
3 3


Output

2


Input

4
2 1 2 2


Output

2


Input

1
1


Output

0


Input

10
3 1 4 1 5 9 2 6 5 3


Output

10

### Response

```cpp
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
#define FOR(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define sz(c) ((int)c.size())
#define ten(n) ((int)1e##n)
using ll = long long;
using Pii = pair<int, int>;
using Pll = pair<ll, ll>;

template<typename ...> static inline int getchar_unlocked(void) { return getchar(); }
template<typename ...> static inline void putchar_unlocked(int c) { putchar(c); }
#define mygc(c) (c)=getchar_unlocked()
#define mypc(c) putchar_unlocked(c)
void reader(int& x) { int k, m = 0; x = 0; for (;;) { mygc(k); if (k == '-') { m = 1; break; }if ('0' <= k&&k <= '9') { x = k - '0'; break; } }for (;;) { mygc(k); if (k<'0' || k>'9')break; x = x * 10 + k - '0'; }if (m) x = -x; }
void reader(ll& x) { int k, m = 0; x = 0; for (;;) { mygc(k); if (k == '-') { m = 1; break; }if ('0' <= k&&k <= '9') { x = k - '0'; break; } }for (;;) { mygc(k); if (k<'0' || k>'9')break; x = x * 10 + k - '0'; }if (m) x = -x; }
int reader(char c[]) { int i, s = 0; for (;;) { mygc(i); if (i != ' '&&i != '\n'&&i != '\r'&&i != '\t'&&i != EOF) break; }c[s++] = i; for (;;) { mygc(i); if (i == ' ' || i == '\n' || i == '\r' || i == '\t' || i == EOF) break; c[s++] = i; }c[s] = '\0'; return s; }
int reader(string& c) { int i; for (;;) { mygc(i); if (i != ' '&&i != '\n'&&i != '\r'&&i != '\t'&&i != EOF) break; }c.push_back(i); for (;;) { mygc(i); if (i == ' ' || i == '\n' || i == '\r' || i == '\t' || i == EOF) break; c.push_back(i); }; return sz(c); }
template <class T, class S> void reader(T& x, S& y) { reader(x); reader(y); }
template <class T, class S, class U> void reader(T& x, S& y, U& z) { reader(x); reader(y); reader(z); }
template <class T, class S, class U, class V> void reader(T& x, S& y, U& z, V & w) { reader(x); reader(y); reader(z); reader(w); }
void writer(int x, char c) { int s = 0, m = 0; char f[10]; if (x<0)m = 1, x = -x; while (x)f[s++] = x % 10, x /= 10; if (!s)f[s++] = 0; if (m)mypc('-'); while (s--)mypc(f[s] + '0'); mypc(c); }
void writer(ll x, char c) { int s = 0, m = 0; char f[20]; if (x<0)m = 1, x = -x; while (x)f[s++] = x % 10, x /= 10; if (!s)f[s++] = 0; if (m)mypc('-'); while (s--)mypc(f[s] + '0'); mypc(c); }
void writer(const char c[]) { int i; for (i = 0; c[i] != '\0'; i++)mypc(c[i]); }
void writer(const string& x, char c) { int i; for (i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)mypc(x[i]); mypc(c); }
void writer(const char x[], char c) { int i; for (i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++)mypc(x[i]); mypc(c); }
template<class T> void writerLn(T x) { writer(x, '\n'); }
template<class T, class S> void writerLn(T x, S y) { writer(x, ' '); writer(y, '\n'); }
template<class T, class S, class U> void writerLn(T x, S y, U z) { writer(x, ' '); writer(y, ' '); writer(z, '\n'); }
template<class T> void writerArr(T x[], int n) { if (!n) { mypc('\n'); return; }FOR(i, n - 1)writer(x[i], ' '); writer(x[n - 1], '\n'); }
template<class T> void writerArr(vector<T>& x) { writerArr(x.data(), (int)x.size()); }

template<class T> void chmin(T& a, const T& b) { if (a > b) a = b; }
template<class T> void chmax(T& a, const T& b) { if (a < b) a = b; }

template<class T> T gcd(T a, T b) { return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a; }
template<class T> T lcm(T a, T b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }
ll mod_pow(ll a, ll n, ll mod) {
	ll ret = 1;
	ll p = a % mod;
	while (n) {
		if (n & 1) ret = ret * p % mod;
		p = p * p % mod;
		n >>= 1;
	}
	return ret;
}
template<class T> T extgcd(T a, T b, T& x, T& y) { for (T u = y = 1, v = x = 0; a;) { T q = b / a; swap(x -= q * u, u); swap(y -= q * v, v); swap(b -= q * a, a); } return b; }
template<class T> T mod_inv(T a, T m) { T x, y; extgcd(a, m, x, y); return (m + x % m) % m; }

int dp[ten(5) + 10][2];

void chmin(int& a, int b) {
	a = min(a, b);
}

int main() {
	int n; reader(n);
	vector<Pii> vp;
	vp.push_back(Pii(0,0));
	int cnt = 0;
	FOR(i, n) {
		int a; reader(a);
		int f = -1, s = -1;
		FOR(j, 31) {
			if (a & (1 << j)) {
				f = s;
				s = j;
			}
		}

		if (f == -1) {
			vp.emplace_back(s, s);
		} else {
			vp.emplace_back(s, s + 1);
			cnt++;
		}
	}
	vp.push_back(Pii(0, 0));

	memset(dp, 0x1d, sizeof(dp));
	dp[0][0] = 0;
	dp[1][0] = 0;
	FOR(i, sz(vp)) {
		if (i == 0) continue;
		FOR(j, 2) FOR(k, 2) {
			int last = j == 0 ? vp[i - 1].first : vp[i - 1].second;
			int cur = k == 0 ? vp[i].second : vp[i].first;
			int add = abs(cur - last);
			chmin(dp[i + 1][k], dp[i][j] + add);
		}
	}
	int ans = dp[sz(vp)][0] + cnt;
	writerLn(ans / 2);

	return 0;
}
```