#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int base = 1000000000;
const int base_digits = 9;
struct bigint {
  vector<int> a;
  int sign;
  bigint() : sign(1) {}
  bigint(long long v) { *this = v; }
  bigint(const string &s) { read(s); }
  void operator=(const bigint &v) {
    sign = v.sign;
    a = v.a;
  }
  void operator=(long long v) {
    sign = 1;
    if (v < 0) sign = -1, v = -v;
    for (; v > 0; v = v / base) a.push_back(v % base);
  }
  bigint operator+(const bigint &v) const {
    if (sign == v.sign) {
      bigint res = v;
      for (int i = 0, carry = 0; i < (int)max(a.size(), v.a.size()) || carry;
           ++i) {
        if (i == (int)res.a.size()) res.a.push_back(0);
        res.a[i] += carry + (i < (int)a.size() ? a[i] : 0);
        carry = res.a[i] >= base;
        if (carry) res.a[i] -= base;
      }
      return res;
    }
    return *this - (-v);
  }
  bigint operator-(const bigint &v) const {
    if (sign == v.sign) {
      if (abs() >= v.abs()) {
        bigint res = *this;
        for (int i = 0, carry = 0; i < (int)v.a.size() || carry; ++i) {
          res.a[i] -= carry + (i < (int)v.a.size() ? v.a[i] : 0);
          carry = res.a[i] < 0;
          if (carry) res.a[i] += base;
        }
        res.trim();
        return res;
      }
      return -(v - *this);
    }
    return *this + (-v);
  }
  void operator*=(int v) {
    if (v < 0) sign = -sign, v = -v;
    for (int i = 0, carry = 0; i < (int)a.size() || carry; ++i) {
      if (i == (int)a.size()) a.push_back(0);
      long long cur = a[i] * (long long)v + carry;
      carry = (int)(cur / base);
      a[i] = (int)(cur % base);
    }
    trim();
  }
  bigint operator*(int v) const {
    bigint res = *this;
    res *= v;
    return res;
  }
  friend pair<bigint, bigint> divmod(const bigint &a1, const bigint &b1) {
    int norm = base / (b1.a.back() + 1);
    bigint a = a1.abs() * norm;
    bigint b = b1.abs() * norm;
    bigint q, r;
    q.a.resize(a.a.size());
    for (int i = a.a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      r *= base;
      r += a.a[i];
      int s1 = r.a.size() <= b.a.size() ? 0 : r.a[b.a.size()];
      int s2 = r.a.size() <= b.a.size() - 1 ? 0 : r.a[b.a.size() - 1];
      int d = ((long long)base * s1 + s2) / b.a.back();
      r -= b * d;
      while (r < 0) r += b, --d;
      q.a[i] = d;
    }
    q.sign = a1.sign * b1.sign;
    r.sign = a1.sign;
    q.trim();
    r.trim();
    return make_pair(q, r / norm);
  }
  bigint operator/(const bigint &v) const { return divmod(*this, v).first; }
  bigint operator%(const bigint &v) const { return divmod(*this, v).second; }
  void operator/=(int v) {
    if (v < 0) sign = -sign, v = -v;
    for (int i = (int)a.size() - 1, rem = 0; i >= 0; --i) {
      long long cur = a[i] + rem * (long long)base;
      a[i] = (int)(cur / v);
      rem = (int)(cur % v);
    }
    trim();
  }
  bigint operator/(int v) const {
    bigint res = *this;
    res /= v;
    return res;
  }
  int operator%(int v) const {
    if (v < 0) v = -v;
    int m = 0;
    for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i)
      m = (a[i] + m * (long long)base) % v;
    return m * sign;
  }
  void operator+=(const bigint &v) { *this = *this + v; }
  void operator-=(const bigint &v) { *this = *this - v; }
  void operator*=(const bigint &v) { *this = *this * v; }
  void operator/=(const bigint &v) { *this = *this / v; }
  bool operator<(const bigint &v) const {
    if (sign != v.sign) return sign < v.sign;
    if (a.size() != v.a.size()) return a.size() * sign < v.a.size() * v.sign;
    for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
      if (a[i] != v.a[i]) return a[i] * sign < v.a[i] * sign;
    return false;
  }
  bool operator>(const bigint &v) const { return v < *this; }
  bool operator<=(const bigint &v) const { return !(v < *this); }
  bool operator>=(const bigint &v) const { return !(*this < v); }
  bool operator==(const bigint &v) const {
    return !(*this < v) && !(v < *this);
  }
  bool operator!=(const bigint &v) const { return *this < v || v < *this; }
  void trim() {
    while (!a.empty() && !a.back()) a.pop_back();
    if (a.empty()) sign = 1;
  }
  bool isZero() const { return a.empty() || (a.size() == 1 && !a[0]); }
  bigint operator-() const {
    bigint res = *this;
    res.sign = -sign;
    return res;
  }
  bigint abs() const {
    bigint res = *this;
    res.sign *= res.sign;
    return res;
  }
  long long longValue() const {
    long long res = 0;
    for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) res = res * base + a[i];
    return res * sign;
  }
  friend bigint gcd(const bigint &a, const bigint &b) {
    return b.isZero() ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
  }
  friend bigint lcm(const bigint &a, const bigint &b) {
    return a / gcd(a, b) * b;
  }
  void read(const string &s) {
    sign = 1;
    a.clear();
    int pos = 0;
    while (pos < (int)s.size() && (s[pos] == '-' || s[pos] == '+')) {
      if (s[pos] == '-') sign = -sign;
      ++pos;
    }
    for (int i = s.size() - 1; i >= pos; i -= base_digits) {
      int x = 0;
      for (int j = max(pos, i - base_digits + 1); j <= i; j++)
        x = x * 10 + s[j] - '0';
      a.push_back(x);
    }
    trim();
  }
  int length() {
    int l = 0, back = a.back();
    while (back) {
      l++;
      back /= 10;
    }
    l += ((a.size() - 1) * base_digits);
    return l;
  }
  friend istream &operator>>(istream &stream, bigint &v) {
    string s;
    stream >> s;
    v.read(s);
    return stream;
  }
  friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &stream, const bigint &v) {
    if (v.sign == -1) stream << '-';
    stream << (v.a.empty() ? 0 : v.a.back());
    for (int i = (int)v.a.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i)
      stream << setw(base_digits) << setfill('0') << v.a[i];
    return stream;
  }
  static vector<int> convert_base(const vector<int> &a, int old_digits,
                                  int new_digits) {
    vector<long long> p(max(old_digits, new_digits) + 1);
    p[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < (int)p.size(); i++) p[i] = p[i - 1] * 10;
    vector<int> res;
    long long cur = 0;
    int cur_digits = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++) {
      cur += a[i] * p[cur_digits];
      cur_digits += old_digits;
      while (cur_digits >= new_digits) {
        res.push_back(int(cur % p[new_digits]));
        cur /= p[new_digits];
        cur_digits -= new_digits;
      }
    }
    res.push_back((int)cur);
    while (!res.empty() && !res.back()) res.pop_back();
    return res;
  }
  static vector<long long> karatsubaMultiply(const vector<long long> &a,
                                             const vector<long long> &b) {
    int n = a.size();
    vector<long long> res(n + n);
    if (n <= 32) {
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) res[i + j] += a[i] * b[j];
      return res;
    }
    int k = n >> 1;
    vector<long long> a1(a.begin(), a.begin() + k);
    vector<long long> a2(a.begin() + k, a.end());
    vector<long long> b1(b.begin(), b.begin() + k);
    vector<long long> b2(b.begin() + k, b.end());
    vector<long long> a1b1 = karatsubaMultiply(a1, b1);
    vector<long long> a2b2 = karatsubaMultiply(a2, b2);
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) a2[i] += a1[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) b2[i] += b1[i];
    vector<long long> r = karatsubaMultiply(a2, b2);
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a1b1.size(); i++) r[i] -= a1b1[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a2b2.size(); i++) r[i] -= a2b2[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); i++) res[i + k] += r[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a1b1.size(); i++) res[i] += a1b1[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a2b2.size(); i++) res[i + n] += a2b2[i];
    return res;
  }
  bigint operator*(const bigint &v) const {
    vector<int> a6 = convert_base(this->a, base_digits, 6);
    vector<int> b6 = convert_base(v.a, base_digits, 6);
    vector<long long> a(a6.begin(), a6.end());
    vector<long long> b(b6.begin(), b6.end());
    while (a.size() < b.size()) a.push_back(0);
    while (b.size() < a.size()) b.push_back(0);
    while (a.size() & (a.size() - 1)) a.push_back(0), b.push_back(0);
    vector<long long> c = karatsubaMultiply(a, b);
    bigint res;
    res.sign = sign * v.sign;
    for (int i = 0, carry = 0; i < (int)c.size(); i++) {
      long long cur = c[i] + carry;
      res.a.push_back((int)(cur % 1000000));
      carry = (int)(cur / 1000000);
    }
    res.a = convert_base(res.a, 6, base_digits);
    res.trim();
    return res;
  }
};
int main() {
  long long va = 0;
  long long k, b, n, t;
  scanf("%lld", &k);
  scanf("%lld", &b);
  scanf("%lld", &n);
  scanf("%lld", &t);
  long long i;
  va = 1;
  long long co = n + 1;
  while (va <= t) {
    va = va * k + b;
    co--;
  }
  if (co < 0) {
    cout << "0\n";
  } else {
    cout << co << "\n";
  }
}

### Prompt

Your task is to create a CPP solution to the following problem:

Qwerty the Ranger took up a government job and arrived on planet Mars. He should stay in the secret lab and conduct some experiments on bacteria that have funny and abnormal properties. The job isn't difficult, but the salary is high.

At the beginning of the first experiment there is a single bacterium in the test tube. Every second each bacterium in the test tube divides itself into k bacteria. After that some abnormal effects create b more bacteria in the test tube. Thus, if at the beginning of some second the test tube had x bacteria, then at the end of the second it will have kx + b bacteria.

The experiment showed that after n seconds there were exactly z bacteria and the experiment ended at this point.

For the second experiment Qwerty is going to sterilize the test tube and put there t bacteria. He hasn't started the experiment yet but he already wonders, how many seconds he will need to grow at least z bacteria. The ranger thinks that the bacteria will divide by the same rule as in the first experiment. 

Help Qwerty and find the minimum number of seconds needed to get a tube with at least z bacteria in the second experiment.

Input

The first line contains four space-separated integers k, b, n and t (1 ≤ k, b, n, t ≤ 106) — the parameters of bacterial growth, the time Qwerty needed to grow z bacteria in the first experiment and the initial number of bacteria in the second experiment, correspondingly.

Output

Print a single number — the minimum number of seconds Qwerty needs to grow at least z bacteria in the tube.

Examples

Input

3 1 3 5


Output

2

Input

1 4 4 7


Output

3

Input

2 2 4 100


Output

0

### Response

```cpp
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int base = 1000000000;
const int base_digits = 9;
struct bigint {
  vector<int> a;
  int sign;
  bigint() : sign(1) {}
  bigint(long long v) { *this = v; }
  bigint(const string &s) { read(s); }
  void operator=(const bigint &v) {
    sign = v.sign;
    a = v.a;
  }
  void operator=(long long v) {
    sign = 1;
    if (v < 0) sign = -1, v = -v;
    for (; v > 0; v = v / base) a.push_back(v % base);
  }
  bigint operator+(const bigint &v) const {
    if (sign == v.sign) {
      bigint res = v;
      for (int i = 0, carry = 0; i < (int)max(a.size(), v.a.size()) || carry;
           ++i) {
        if (i == (int)res.a.size()) res.a.push_back(0);
        res.a[i] += carry + (i < (int)a.size() ? a[i] : 0);
        carry = res.a[i] >= base;
        if (carry) res.a[i] -= base;
      }
      return res;
    }
    return *this - (-v);
  }
  bigint operator-(const bigint &v) const {
    if (sign == v.sign) {
      if (abs() >= v.abs()) {
        bigint res = *this;
        for (int i = 0, carry = 0; i < (int)v.a.size() || carry; ++i) {
          res.a[i] -= carry + (i < (int)v.a.size() ? v.a[i] : 0);
          carry = res.a[i] < 0;
          if (carry) res.a[i] += base;
        }
        res.trim();
        return res;
      }
      return -(v - *this);
    }
    return *this + (-v);
  }
  void operator*=(int v) {
    if (v < 0) sign = -sign, v = -v;
    for (int i = 0, carry = 0; i < (int)a.size() || carry; ++i) {
      if (i == (int)a.size()) a.push_back(0);
      long long cur = a[i] * (long long)v + carry;
      carry = (int)(cur / base);
      a[i] = (int)(cur % base);
    }
    trim();
  }
  bigint operator*(int v) const {
    bigint res = *this;
    res *= v;
    return res;
  }
  friend pair<bigint, bigint> divmod(const bigint &a1, const bigint &b1) {
    int norm = base / (b1.a.back() + 1);
    bigint a = a1.abs() * norm;
    bigint b = b1.abs() * norm;
    bigint q, r;
    q.a.resize(a.a.size());
    for (int i = a.a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      r *= base;
      r += a.a[i];
      int s1 = r.a.size() <= b.a.size() ? 0 : r.a[b.a.size()];
      int s2 = r.a.size() <= b.a.size() - 1 ? 0 : r.a[b.a.size() - 1];
      int d = ((long long)base * s1 + s2) / b.a.back();
      r -= b * d;
      while (r < 0) r += b, --d;
      q.a[i] = d;
    }
    q.sign = a1.sign * b1.sign;
    r.sign = a1.sign;
    q.trim();
    r.trim();
    return make_pair(q, r / norm);
  }
  bigint operator/(const bigint &v) const { return divmod(*this, v).first; }
  bigint operator%(const bigint &v) const { return divmod(*this, v).second; }
  void operator/=(int v) {
    if (v < 0) sign = -sign, v = -v;
    for (int i = (int)a.size() - 1, rem = 0; i >= 0; --i) {
      long long cur = a[i] + rem * (long long)base;
      a[i] = (int)(cur / v);
      rem = (int)(cur % v);
    }
    trim();
  }
  bigint operator/(int v) const {
    bigint res = *this;
    res /= v;
    return res;
  }
  int operator%(int v) const {
    if (v < 0) v = -v;
    int m = 0;
    for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i)
      m = (a[i] + m * (long long)base) % v;
    return m * sign;
  }
  void operator+=(const bigint &v) { *this = *this + v; }
  void operator-=(const bigint &v) { *this = *this - v; }
  void operator*=(const bigint &v) { *this = *this * v; }
  void operator/=(const bigint &v) { *this = *this / v; }
  bool operator<(const bigint &v) const {
    if (sign != v.sign) return sign < v.sign;
    if (a.size() != v.a.size()) return a.size() * sign < v.a.size() * v.sign;
    for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
      if (a[i] != v.a[i]) return a[i] * sign < v.a[i] * sign;
    return false;
  }
  bool operator>(const bigint &v) const { return v < *this; }
  bool operator<=(const bigint &v) const { return !(v < *this); }
  bool operator>=(const bigint &v) const { return !(*this < v); }
  bool operator==(const bigint &v) const {
    return !(*this < v) && !(v < *this);
  }
  bool operator!=(const bigint &v) const { return *this < v || v < *this; }
  void trim() {
    while (!a.empty() && !a.back()) a.pop_back();
    if (a.empty()) sign = 1;
  }
  bool isZero() const { return a.empty() || (a.size() == 1 && !a[0]); }
  bigint operator-() const {
    bigint res = *this;
    res.sign = -sign;
    return res;
  }
  bigint abs() const {
    bigint res = *this;
    res.sign *= res.sign;
    return res;
  }
  long long longValue() const {
    long long res = 0;
    for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) res = res * base + a[i];
    return res * sign;
  }
  friend bigint gcd(const bigint &a, const bigint &b) {
    return b.isZero() ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
  }
  friend bigint lcm(const bigint &a, const bigint &b) {
    return a / gcd(a, b) * b;
  }
  void read(const string &s) {
    sign = 1;
    a.clear();
    int pos = 0;
    while (pos < (int)s.size() && (s[pos] == '-' || s[pos] == '+')) {
      if (s[pos] == '-') sign = -sign;
      ++pos;
    }
    for (int i = s.size() - 1; i >= pos; i -= base_digits) {
      int x = 0;
      for (int j = max(pos, i - base_digits + 1); j <= i; j++)
        x = x * 10 + s[j] - '0';
      a.push_back(x);
    }
    trim();
  }
  int length() {
    int l = 0, back = a.back();
    while (back) {
      l++;
      back /= 10;
    }
    l += ((a.size() - 1) * base_digits);
    return l;
  }
  friend istream &operator>>(istream &stream, bigint &v) {
    string s;
    stream >> s;
    v.read(s);
    return stream;
  }
  friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &stream, const bigint &v) {
    if (v.sign == -1) stream << '-';
    stream << (v.a.empty() ? 0 : v.a.back());
    for (int i = (int)v.a.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i)
      stream << setw(base_digits) << setfill('0') << v.a[i];
    return stream;
  }
  static vector<int> convert_base(const vector<int> &a, int old_digits,
                                  int new_digits) {
    vector<long long> p(max(old_digits, new_digits) + 1);
    p[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < (int)p.size(); i++) p[i] = p[i - 1] * 10;
    vector<int> res;
    long long cur = 0;
    int cur_digits = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++) {
      cur += a[i] * p[cur_digits];
      cur_digits += old_digits;
      while (cur_digits >= new_digits) {
        res.push_back(int(cur % p[new_digits]));
        cur /= p[new_digits];
        cur_digits -= new_digits;
      }
    }
    res.push_back((int)cur);
    while (!res.empty() && !res.back()) res.pop_back();
    return res;
  }
  static vector<long long> karatsubaMultiply(const vector<long long> &a,
                                             const vector<long long> &b) {
    int n = a.size();
    vector<long long> res(n + n);
    if (n <= 32) {
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) res[i + j] += a[i] * b[j];
      return res;
    }
    int k = n >> 1;
    vector<long long> a1(a.begin(), a.begin() + k);
    vector<long long> a2(a.begin() + k, a.end());
    vector<long long> b1(b.begin(), b.begin() + k);
    vector<long long> b2(b.begin() + k, b.end());
    vector<long long> a1b1 = karatsubaMultiply(a1, b1);
    vector<long long> a2b2 = karatsubaMultiply(a2, b2);
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) a2[i] += a1[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) b2[i] += b1[i];
    vector<long long> r = karatsubaMultiply(a2, b2);
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a1b1.size(); i++) r[i] -= a1b1[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a2b2.size(); i++) r[i] -= a2b2[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); i++) res[i + k] += r[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a1b1.size(); i++) res[i] += a1b1[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a2b2.size(); i++) res[i + n] += a2b2[i];
    return res;
  }
  bigint operator*(const bigint &v) const {
    vector<int> a6 = convert_base(this->a, base_digits, 6);
    vector<int> b6 = convert_base(v.a, base_digits, 6);
    vector<long long> a(a6.begin(), a6.end());
    vector<long long> b(b6.begin(), b6.end());
    while (a.size() < b.size()) a.push_back(0);
    while (b.size() < a.size()) b.push_back(0);
    while (a.size() & (a.size() - 1)) a.push_back(0), b.push_back(0);
    vector<long long> c = karatsubaMultiply(a, b);
    bigint res;
    res.sign = sign * v.sign;
    for (int i = 0, carry = 0; i < (int)c.size(); i++) {
      long long cur = c[i] + carry;
      res.a.push_back((int)(cur % 1000000));
      carry = (int)(cur / 1000000);
    }
    res.a = convert_base(res.a, 6, base_digits);
    res.trim();
    return res;
  }
};
int main() {
  long long va = 0;
  long long k, b, n, t;
  scanf("%lld", &k);
  scanf("%lld", &b);
  scanf("%lld", &n);
  scanf("%lld", &t);
  long long i;
  va = 1;
  long long co = n + 1;
  while (va <= t) {
    va = va * k + b;
    co--;
  }
  if (co < 0) {
    cout << "0\n";
  } else {
    cout << co << "\n";
  }
}

```