#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
namespace mine {
long long qread() {
  long long ans = 0, f = 1;
  char c = getchar();
  while (c < '0' or c > '9') {
    if (c == '-') f = -1;
    c = getchar();
  }
  while ('0' <= c and c <= '9') ans = ans * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();
  return ans * f;
}
void write(long long num) {
  if (num < 0) putchar('-'), num = -num;
  if (num >= 10) write(num / 10);
  putchar('0' + num % 10);
}
void write1(long long num) {
  write(num);
  putchar(' ');
}
void write2(long long num) {
  write(num);
  putchar('\n');
}
template <typename T>
inline bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) {
  return a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0;
}
template <typename T>
inline bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) {
  return a > b ? a = b, 1 : 0;
}
long long gcd(long long x, long long y) { return y ? gcd(y, x % y) : x; }
bool IN(long long x, long long l, long long r) { return l <= x and x <= r; }
void GG() {
  puts("-1");
  exit(0);
}
const double eps = 1e-8;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int MOD = 998244353;
int mm(const int x) { return x >= MOD ? x - MOD : x; }
template <typename T>
void add(T &x, const int &y) {
  x = (x + y >= MOD ? x + y - MOD : x + y);
}
long long qpower(long long x, long long e, int mod = MOD) {
  long long ans = 1;
  while (e) {
    if (e & 1) ans = ans * x % mod;
    x = x * x % mod;
    e >>= 1;
  }
  return ans;
}
long long invm(long long x) { return qpower(x, MOD - 2); }
const int MM = 5e6 + 10;
long long fac[MM], facinv[MM], Inv[MM];
long long Comb(int n, int m) {
  return n < 0 or n < m ? 0 : fac[n] * facinv[m] % MOD * facinv[n - m] % MOD;
}
void PRE() {
  fac[0] = 1;
  for (int i = (1), I = (MM - 1); i <= I; i++) fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % MOD;
  facinv[MM - 1] = invm(fac[MM - 1]);
  for (int i = (MM - 1), I = (1); i >= I; i--)
    facinv[i - 1] = facinv[i] * i % MOD;
  Inv[1] = 1;
  for (int i = (2), I = (MM - 1); i <= I; i++)
    Inv[i] = (MOD - MOD / i) * Inv[MOD % i] % MOD;
}
const int N = 1e6 + 10;
long long dp[N];
void main() {
  for (int T = (1), I = (qread()); T <= I; T++) {
    long long d = qread(), m = qread(), lg = log2(d);
    dp[0] = 2;
    for (int i = (1), I = (30); i <= I; i++)
      dp[i] = dp[i - 1] * ((1ll << (i)) + 1) % m;
    long long A = (1ll << (lg));
    printf("");
    long long ans = (lg == 0 ? 1 : dp[lg - 1]) * (d - A + 2) % m + m - 1;
    write2(ans % m);
  }
}
};  // namespace mine
signed main() {
  srand(time(0));
  mine::main();
}

### Prompt

Generate a Cpp solution to the following problem:

Dreamoon likes sequences very much. So he created a problem about the sequence that you can't find in OEIS: 

You are given two integers d, m, find the number of arrays a, satisfying the following constraints:

  * The length of a is n, n ≥ 1 
  * 1 ≤ a_1 < a_2 < ... < a_n ≤ d 
  * Define an array b of length n as follows: b_1 = a_1, ∀ i > 1, b_i = b_{i - 1} ⊕ a_i, where ⊕ is the bitwise exclusive-or (xor). After constructing an array b, the constraint b_1 < b_2 < ... < b_{n - 1} < b_n should hold. 



Since the number of possible arrays may be too large, you need to find the answer modulo m.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 100) denoting the number of test cases in the input.

Each of the next t lines contains two integers d, m (1 ≤ d, m ≤ 10^9).

Note that m is not necessary the prime!

Output

For each test case, print the number of arrays a, satisfying all given constrains, modulo m.

Example

Input


10
1 1000000000
2 999999999
3 99999998
4 9999997
5 999996
6 99995
7 9994
8 993
9 92
10 1


Output


1
3
5
11
17
23
29
59
89
0

### Response

```cpp
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
namespace mine {
long long qread() {
  long long ans = 0, f = 1;
  char c = getchar();
  while (c < '0' or c > '9') {
    if (c == '-') f = -1;
    c = getchar();
  }
  while ('0' <= c and c <= '9') ans = ans * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();
  return ans * f;
}
void write(long long num) {
  if (num < 0) putchar('-'), num = -num;
  if (num >= 10) write(num / 10);
  putchar('0' + num % 10);
}
void write1(long long num) {
  write(num);
  putchar(' ');
}
void write2(long long num) {
  write(num);
  putchar('\n');
}
template <typename T>
inline bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) {
  return a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0;
}
template <typename T>
inline bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) {
  return a > b ? a = b, 1 : 0;
}
long long gcd(long long x, long long y) { return y ? gcd(y, x % y) : x; }
bool IN(long long x, long long l, long long r) { return l <= x and x <= r; }
void GG() {
  puts("-1");
  exit(0);
}
const double eps = 1e-8;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int MOD = 998244353;
int mm(const int x) { return x >= MOD ? x - MOD : x; }
template <typename T>
void add(T &x, const int &y) {
  x = (x + y >= MOD ? x + y - MOD : x + y);
}
long long qpower(long long x, long long e, int mod = MOD) {
  long long ans = 1;
  while (e) {
    if (e & 1) ans = ans * x % mod;
    x = x * x % mod;
    e >>= 1;
  }
  return ans;
}
long long invm(long long x) { return qpower(x, MOD - 2); }
const int MM = 5e6 + 10;
long long fac[MM], facinv[MM], Inv[MM];
long long Comb(int n, int m) {
  return n < 0 or n < m ? 0 : fac[n] * facinv[m] % MOD * facinv[n - m] % MOD;
}
void PRE() {
  fac[0] = 1;
  for (int i = (1), I = (MM - 1); i <= I; i++) fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % MOD;
  facinv[MM - 1] = invm(fac[MM - 1]);
  for (int i = (MM - 1), I = (1); i >= I; i--)
    facinv[i - 1] = facinv[i] * i % MOD;
  Inv[1] = 1;
  for (int i = (2), I = (MM - 1); i <= I; i++)
    Inv[i] = (MOD - MOD / i) * Inv[MOD % i] % MOD;
}
const int N = 1e6 + 10;
long long dp[N];
void main() {
  for (int T = (1), I = (qread()); T <= I; T++) {
    long long d = qread(), m = qread(), lg = log2(d);
    dp[0] = 2;
    for (int i = (1), I = (30); i <= I; i++)
      dp[i] = dp[i - 1] * ((1ll << (i)) + 1) % m;
    long long A = (1ll << (lg));
    printf("");
    long long ans = (lg == 0 ? 1 : dp[lg - 1]) * (d - A + 2) % m + m - 1;
    write2(ans % m);
  }
}
};  // namespace mine
signed main() {
  srand(time(0));
  mine::main();
}

```