#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
clock_t startTime;
double getCurrentTime() {
  return (double)(clock() - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const pair<T, U> &_p) {
  _out << _p.first << " " << _p.second;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline istream &operator>>(istream &_in, pair<T, U> &_p) {
  _in >> _p.first >> _p.second;
  return _in;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const vector<T> &_v) {
  if (_v.empty()) return _out;
  _out << _v.front();
  for (auto _it = ++_v.begin(); _it != _v.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
inline istream &operator>>(istream &_in, vector<T> &_v) {
  for (auto &_i : _v) _in >> _i;
  return _in;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const set<T> &_s) {
  if (_s.empty()) return _out;
  _out << *_s.begin();
  for (auto _it = ++_s.begin(); _it != _s.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const multiset<T> &_s) {
  if (_s.empty()) return _out;
  _out << *_s.begin();
  for (auto _it = ++_s.begin(); _it != _s.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const unordered_set<T> &_s) {
  if (_s.empty()) return _out;
  _out << *_s.begin();
  for (auto _it = ++_s.begin(); _it != _s.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const unordered_multiset<T> &_s) {
  if (_s.empty()) return _out;
  _out << *_s.begin();
  for (auto _it = ++_s.begin(); _it != _s.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const map<T, U> &_m) {
  if (_m.empty()) return _out;
  _out << "{\"" << _m.begin()->first << "\", \"" << _m.begin()->second << "\"}";
  for (auto _it = ++_m.begin(); _it != _m.end(); ++_it)
    _out << ", { \"" << _it->first << "\", \"" << _it->second << "\"}";
  return _out;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const unordered_map<T, U> &_m) {
  if (_m.empty()) return _out;
  _out << '(' << _m.begin()->first << ": " << _m.begin()->second << ')';
  for (auto _it = ++_m.begin(); _it != _m.end(); ++_it)
    _out << ", (" << _it->first << ": " << _it->second << ')';
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
void out(const vector<T> &a, int n) {
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    cout << a[i] << ' ';
  }
  cout << "\n";
}
template <typename T>
void out(const vector<vector<T>> &a, int n, int m) {
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j) {
      cout << a[i][j] << ' ';
    }
    cout << '\n';
  }
}
void solve() {
  long long n, k;
  cin >> n >> k;
  vector<long long> a(n + 1);
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    cin >> a[i];
  }
  long long ans = -1e15;
  for (long long i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    for (long long j = i - 1; j >= max(1LL, i - k); --j) {
      ans = max(ans, i * j - k * (a[i] | a[j]));
    }
  }
  cout << ans << "\n";
}
int main() {
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(nullptr);
  startTime = clock();
  int T = 1;
  cin >> T;
  while (T--) {
    solve();
  }
  return 0;
}

### Prompt

Please create a solution in cpp to the following problem:

You are given n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n and an integer k. Find the maximum value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j) over all pairs (i, j) of integers with 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n. Here, | is the [bitwise OR operator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#OR).

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000) — the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains two integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ min(n, 100)).

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (0 ≤ a_i ≤ n).

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases doesn't exceed 3 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print a single integer — the maximum possible value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

Example

Input


4
3 3
1 1 3
2 2
1 2
4 3
0 1 2 3
6 6
3 2 0 0 5 6


Output


-1
-4
3
12

Note

Let f(i, j) = i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

In the first test case, 

  * f(1, 2) = 1 ⋅ 2 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_2) = 2 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 1) = -1. 
  * f(1, 3) = 1 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_3) = 3 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -6. 
  * f(2, 3) = 2 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_2 | a_3) = 6 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -3. 



So the maximum is f(1, 2) = -1.

In the fourth test case, the maximum is f(3, 4) = 12.

### Response

```cpp
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
clock_t startTime;
double getCurrentTime() {
  return (double)(clock() - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const pair<T, U> &_p) {
  _out << _p.first << " " << _p.second;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline istream &operator>>(istream &_in, pair<T, U> &_p) {
  _in >> _p.first >> _p.second;
  return _in;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const vector<T> &_v) {
  if (_v.empty()) return _out;
  _out << _v.front();
  for (auto _it = ++_v.begin(); _it != _v.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
inline istream &operator>>(istream &_in, vector<T> &_v) {
  for (auto &_i : _v) _in >> _i;
  return _in;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const set<T> &_s) {
  if (_s.empty()) return _out;
  _out << *_s.begin();
  for (auto _it = ++_s.begin(); _it != _s.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const multiset<T> &_s) {
  if (_s.empty()) return _out;
  _out << *_s.begin();
  for (auto _it = ++_s.begin(); _it != _s.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const unordered_set<T> &_s) {
  if (_s.empty()) return _out;
  _out << *_s.begin();
  for (auto _it = ++_s.begin(); _it != _s.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const unordered_multiset<T> &_s) {
  if (_s.empty()) return _out;
  _out << *_s.begin();
  for (auto _it = ++_s.begin(); _it != _s.end(); ++_it) _out << ' ' << *_it;
  return _out;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const map<T, U> &_m) {
  if (_m.empty()) return _out;
  _out << "{\"" << _m.begin()->first << "\", \"" << _m.begin()->second << "\"}";
  for (auto _it = ++_m.begin(); _it != _m.end(); ++_it)
    _out << ", { \"" << _it->first << "\", \"" << _it->second << "\"}";
  return _out;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &_out, const unordered_map<T, U> &_m) {
  if (_m.empty()) return _out;
  _out << '(' << _m.begin()->first << ": " << _m.begin()->second << ')';
  for (auto _it = ++_m.begin(); _it != _m.end(); ++_it)
    _out << ", (" << _it->first << ": " << _it->second << ')';
  return _out;
}
template <typename T>
void out(const vector<T> &a, int n) {
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    cout << a[i] << ' ';
  }
  cout << "\n";
}
template <typename T>
void out(const vector<vector<T>> &a, int n, int m) {
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j) {
      cout << a[i][j] << ' ';
    }
    cout << '\n';
  }
}
void solve() {
  long long n, k;
  cin >> n >> k;
  vector<long long> a(n + 1);
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    cin >> a[i];
  }
  long long ans = -1e15;
  for (long long i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    for (long long j = i - 1; j >= max(1LL, i - k); --j) {
      ans = max(ans, i * j - k * (a[i] | a[j]));
    }
  }
  cout << ans << "\n";
}
int main() {
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(nullptr);
  startTime = clock();
  int T = 1;
  cin >> T;
  while (T--) {
    solve();
  }
  return 0;
}

```