Who was the Grand Duke of Alba and Iron Duke in the Netherlands that defeated William the Silent's invading army?
Battle of Jodoigne The Battle of Jodoigne was fought October 20th 1568 between Spanish and Dutch forces. The Spanish under Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba destroyed the rear guard of William the Silent's invading army, forcing him to abandon his invasion of the Netherlands and to retreat into Germany.
Battle of Nördlingen (1634) The Battle of Nördlingen (German: "Schlacht bei Nördlingen" ; Spanish: "Batalla de Nördlingen" ; Swedish: "Slaget vid Nördlingen" ) was fought in 1634 during the Thirty Years' War, on 27 August (Julian calendar) or 6 September (Gregorian calendar). The Roman Catholic Imperial army, bolstered by 18,000 Spanish and Italian soldiers, won a crushing victory over the combined Protestant armies of Sweden and their German-Protestant allies (Heilbronn Alliance).