What month do  Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism and Philippe Pétain have in common?
Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism The Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (French: "Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchévisme" , or simply "Légion des volontaires français", LVF) was a collaborationist French militia founded on 8 July 1941. It gathered various collaborationist parties, including Marcel Bucard's "Mouvement Franciste", Marcel Déat's National Popular Rally, Jacques Doriot's French Popular Party, Eugène Deloncle's Social Revolutionary Movement, Pierre Clémenti's French National-Collectivist Party and Pierre Costantini's French League. It had no formal link with the Vichy regime, even though it was recognized as an "association of public usefulness" by Pierre Laval's government in February 1943. Philippe Pétain, head of state of Vichy France, personally disapproved of Frenchmen wearing German uniforms and never went beyond individual and informal words of support to some specific officers.
Émile Arnaud Émile Arnaud (1864 – 1921) was a French lawyer, notary, and writer noted for his anti-war rhetoric and for coining the term "pacifism". Arnaud founded the "Ligue Internationale de la Paix et de la Liberté" (International League for Peace and Freedom) in 1861 and was elected its first president. In 1901, he codified his beliefs into a treatise entitled the "Code de la Paix", outlining and defining the goals, political positions and methodology of the Peace movement in general. He described this new political movement as "pacifism", setting it up as a counterbalance to the belligerence of emerging political ideologies such as Socialism and Anarchism. He advocated for humanism, for charity and tolerance, for non-violent conflict resolution and for reaching mutually beneficial political solutions through establishing consensus.