Who was the Grand Duke of Alba and Iron Duke in the Netherlands that defeated William the Silent's invading army?
Battle of Jodoigne The Battle of Jodoigne was fought October 20th 1568 between Spanish and Dutch forces. The Spanish under Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba destroyed the rear guard of William the Silent's invading army, forcing him to abandon his invasion of the Netherlands and to retreat into Germany.
Landgrave Landgrave (Dutch: "landgraaf" , German: "Landgraf" ; Swedish: "lantgreve" , French: "landgrave" ; Latin: "comes magnus" , "comes patriae ", "comes provinciae ", "comes terrae ", "comes principalis ", "lantgravius ") was a noble title used in the Holy Roman Empire, and later on in its former territories. The German titles of "Landgraf ", "Markgraf " ("margrave"), and "Pfalzgraf " ("count palatine") are in the same class of ranks as "Herzog " ("duke") and above the rank of a "Graf " ("count").