A Norwegian rebel leader has associations with which 1919 United States act?
Hallvard Graatop Hallvard Graatop was a Norwegian rebel leader who fought against Erik of Pomerania. The name "Graatop", meaning "Gray-top" is probably a "nom de guerre", possibly referring to gray hair or a gray hood (as a wanted outlaw, he may have concealed his face). Graatop's true identity is unknown. Popular stories in the Telemark area claim him to be "Lord" Hallvard Torbjørnsen of Roaldstad (later known as Vrålstad) farm, grandfather of Aslaug Torbjørnsdatter Vrålstad (herself an ancestor of Queen Sonja of Norway and Andrew Volstead), but this is disputed (see "Controversy", below).
Birkebeiner The Birkebein Party or Birkebeinar (Old Norse: "Birkibeinar"; Norwegian: "Birkebeinarane" (nynorsk) or "Birkebeinerne" (bokmål)) was the name for a rebellious party in Norway, formed in 1174 around the pretender to the Norwegian throne, Eystein Meyla. The name has its origins in propaganda from the established party that the rebels were so poor that they made their shoes of birch bark. Although originally a pejorative, the opposition adopted the "Birkebeiner" name for themselves, and continued using it after they came to power in 1184.