What is the name of the unofficial grouping of elite universities that are part of the C9 Leaugue?
C9 League The C9 League is an official alliance of nine elite and prestigious universities in mainland China, initiated by the Chinese Central Government through Project 985 to promote the development and reputation of Chinese higher education system by founding world-class universities in the 21st century. It is analogous to the Ivy League in the United States, the U15 in Canada, the Golden Triangle in the UK, and the Go8 in Australia. The members of the C9 League are Tsinghua University, Peking University, Zhejiang University, Nanjing University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, University of Science and Technology of China and Harbin Institute of Technology. Together they account for 3% of the country's researchers but receive 10% of national research expenditures. They produce 20% of the nation's academic publications and 30% of total citations.
List of early modern universities in Europe The list of early modern universities in Europe comprises all universities that existed in the early modern age (1501–1800) in Europe. It also includes short-lived foundations and educational institutions whose university status is a matter of debate. The operation of the degree-awarding university with its corporate organization and relative autonomy, which had emerged in the Christian medieval world, was continued into the new era. The number of universities which had been in existence at one time during the period rose from around eighty medieval universities to nearly two hundred. While the "universitas" arrived in Eastern Europe as far as Moscow, many were established further west either by the new Protestant powers or the Catholic Counter-Reformation spearheaded by the Jesuits. At the same time, the Spanish founded colonial universities and the British colonial colleges in the New World, thus heralding the spread of the university as "the" center of higher learning around the globe (see List of oldest universities).