Which went to trial first: Aptheker v. Secretary of State or Martin v. Hunter's Lessee?
Aptheker v. Secretary of State Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500 (1964) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case on the right to travel and passport restrictions as they relate to Fifth Amendment due process rights and First Amendment free speech, freedom of assembly and freedom of association rights. It is the first case in which the US Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of personal restrictions on the right to travel abroad.
Samuel F. Phillips Samuel Field Phillips (February 18, 1824 – November 18, 1903) was a civil rights pioneer, lawyer, politician, and the second U.S. Solicitor General (1872–1885). He took part in the landmark civil rights case, Plessy v. Ferguson.