During the 1934 Italian general election, which leader of the National Fascist Party was led to call the results a "second referendum"?
Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini ( ; ] ; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist and leader of the National Fascist Party ("Partito Nazionale Fascista"; PNF), ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943—constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship.
Italian general election, 1963 General elections were held in Italy on April 28, 1963, to select the Fourth Republican Parliament. It was the first election with a fixed number of MPs to be elected, as decided by the second Constitutional Reform in February 1963. It was also the first election which saw the Secretary of Christian Democracy to refuse the office of Prime Minister after the vote, at least for six months, preferring to provisionally maintain his more influent post at the head of the party: this fact confirmed the transformation of Italian political system into a particracy, the secretaries of the parties having become more powerful than the Parliament and the Government.