What American Baptist minister and activist led a movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference?
Birmingham campaign The Birmingham campaign, or Birmingham movement, was a movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. Led by Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, Fred Shuttlesworth and others, the campaign of nonviolent direct action culminated in widely publicized confrontations between young black students and white civic authorities, and eventually led the municipal government to change the city's discrimination laws.
One Montgomery One Montgomery is a diverse group of citizens in Montgomery, Alabama who seek to promote understanding and trust between people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds through discussion, education, social interaction, and enhanced personal relationships. Its membership has included numerous individuals who have been active in the Civil Rights Movement in Alabama, including Johnnie Carr (who was a close friend of Rosa Parks), Rev. Dr. Robert Graetz (who was pastor of a black congregation in Montgomery and worked closely with Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. during the bus boycott), and other community leaders.