Which American novelist, who moved to Paris in 1903, has a long-time friend who commissioned Le Corbusier to design an innovative cubist home?
William Edwards Cook William Edwards Cook (August 31, 1881 – November 10, 1959) was an American-born expatriate artist, architectural patron, and long-time friend of American writer Gertrude Stein. Following his 1903 departure from the U.S., Cook resided in Paris, Rome, Russia, and on the island of Majorca, in the Balearic Islands off the eastern coast of Spain. Today he is chiefly remembered not for his artistic achievements, but because, during World War I, he taught Stein to drive an automobile so that she could contribute to the French war effort, and because, in 1926, he commissioned the Swiss architect Le Corbusier (whose career was at an early stage) to design an innovative cubist home, on the outskirts of Paris, now called Maison Cook or Villa Cook.
Paul Bilhaud Paul Bilhaud (31 December 1854 – 8 January 1933) was a French playwright and librettist. An old friend of the author Alphonse Allais, he is remembered along his friend as a forerunner of minimalism with his painting "Combat de nègres dans un tunnel" ("(Negroes fight in a tunnel)"), displayed for the first time in 1882, more than thirty years before the « "Black Square" » by Kazimir Malevich However, Bilhaud was not the first to create an all-black artwork: for example, Robert Fludd published an image of "Darkness" in his 1617 book on the origin and structure of the cosmos; and Bertall published his black "Vue de La Hogue (effet de nuit)" in 1843.) Inspired by Bilhaud, Alphonse Allais proposed other monochrome paintings, published in his "Album primo-avrilesque" in 1897.