Which American novelist, who moved to Paris in 1903, has a long-time friend who commissioned Le Corbusier to design an innovative cubist home?
Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector. Born in the Allegheny West neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and raised in Oakland, California, Stein moved to Paris in 1903, and made France her home for the remainder of her life. She hosted a Paris salon, where the leading figures of modernism in literature and art, such as Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Ezra Pound, and Henri Matisse, would meet.
Paul Bilhaud Paul Bilhaud (31 December 1854 – 8 January 1933) was a French playwright and librettist. An old friend of the author Alphonse Allais, he is remembered along his friend as a forerunner of minimalism with his painting "Combat de nègres dans un tunnel" ("(Negroes fight in a tunnel)"), displayed for the first time in 1882, more than thirty years before the « "Black Square" » by Kazimir Malevich However, Bilhaud was not the first to create an all-black artwork: for example, Robert Fludd published an image of "Darkness" in his 1617 book on the origin and structure of the cosmos; and Bertall published his black "Vue de La Hogue (effet de nuit)" in 1843.) Inspired by Bilhaud, Alphonse Allais proposed other monochrome paintings, published in his "Album primo-avrilesque" in 1897.