When was the  Soviet, Russian and American theoretical physicist died who describe the magnetic phase diagram of type-II superconductors of Onsager?
Quantum vortex In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors. The existence of quantum vortices was predicted by Lars Onsager in 1947 in connection with superfluid helium. Onsager also pointed out that quantum vortices describe the circulation of superfluid and conjectured that their excitations are responsible for superfluid phase transitions. These ideas of Onsager were further developed by Richard Feynman in 1955 and in 1957 were applied to describe the magnetic phase diagram of type-II superconductors by Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov. In 1935 Fritz London published a very closely related work on magnetic flux quantization in superconductors. London's fluxoid can also be viewed as a quantum vortex.
Yuri Raizer Yuri Petrovich Raizer (Russian: Юрий Петрович Райзер, born January 26, 1927 in Kharkiv, USSR) is a prominent Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist. He received his PhD degree in 1953 and his Doctor of Sciences degree in 1959. He is Senior Research Fellow with Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia where he has been serving as a head of the Division of Physics of gas dynamic processes since 1965. Additionally, he has been professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology since 1968.