When was the movement took place which spread beyond the United States through the writings of Steve Biko in South Africa?
Black Consciousness Movement The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a grassroots anti-Apartheid activist movement that emerged in South Africa in the mid-1960s out of the political vacuum created by the jailing and banning of the African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress leadership after the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960. The BCM represented a social movement for political consciousness.
Sabelo Stanley Ntwasa Sabelo Stanley Ntwasa was a priest in the South African Anglican Church. He is remembered especially for his friendship with Black Consciousness Movement founder Steve Biko and his importance in that movement. He was a powerful speaker and very outspoken politically, often spending time in prison for his criticism of the apartheid regime. He was also one of the early preachers of Black theology, a movement related to Liberation theology and Négritude, which pushed individuals to stand up for themselves and to take pride in their personal worth. This emphasis was in stark contrast to the pacifist emphasis of many South African clergymen on Jesus's teachings that Christians should "turn the other cheek". Ntwasa wrote that the emphasis on God as all powerful was a tool of the oppressor, and thus used the imagery of "God as Love" and "God as Freedom".