William Jay was an American reformer, jurist, and son of  an American statesman who directed U.S. foreign policy for much of what decade?
William Jay (jurist) William Jay (16 June 1789 – 14 October 1858) was an American reformer, jurist, and the son of Founding Father and first U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay (1745–1829).
Grantism Grantism became a byword for political incompetence, corruption and fraud during the 1870s, while Ulysses S. Grant was President of the United States. The 1869–1877 presidency of Ulysses S. Grant was marred by many scandals and fraudulent activities associated with persons within his administration, including his cabinet, that was in continual transition, divided by the forces of political corruption and reform. Among them were: Black Friday, corruption in the Department of the Interior, the Sanborn incident, and the Whiskey Ring. (The Crédit Mobilier scandal, although exposed during his tenure, is not considered a Grant scandal.)