For which conflict did the Canadian Government award the Canada General Service Medal for attacks by an Irish Republican organization based in the United States against British army forts and custom posts in Canada?
Fenian raids Between 1866 and 1871, the Fenian raids of the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish Republican organization based in the United States, on British army forts, customs posts and other targets in Canada, were fought to bring pressure on Britain to withdraw from Ireland. They divided Catholic Irish-Canadians, many of whom were torn between loyalty to their new home and sympathy for the aims of the Fenians. The Protestant Irish were generally loyal to Britain and fought with the Orange Order against the Fenians. While the U.S. authorities arrested the men and confiscated their arms, there is speculation that some in the U.S. government had turned a blind eye to the preparations for the invasion, angered at actions that could have been construed as Canadian assistance to the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. There were five Fenian raids of note and all of them ended in failure.
Battle of Malcolm's Mills The Battle of Malcolm's Mills was the last battle of the War of 1812 fought in Canada. A force of American cavalry overran and scattered a force of Canadian and British militia. The battle was fought on November 6, 1814, near the village of Oakland in Brant County, Ontario, and was part of a series of battles fought by American Brigadier General Duncan McArthur on an extended raid into Upper Canada, known variously as McArthur's Raid or Dudley's Raid.