When did Reinhold Niebuhr write "Moral Man and Immoral Society" and argue Christian Realism?
Reinhold Niebuhr Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr ( ; June 21, 1892June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years. Niebuhr was one of America's leading public intellectuals for several decades of the 20th century and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964. A public theologian, he wrote and spoke frequently about the intersection of religion, politics, and public policy, with his most influential books including "Moral Man and Immoral Society" and "The Nature and Destiny of Man", the second of which Modern Library ranked one of the top 20 nonfiction books of the twentieth century. Andrew Bacevich labelled Niebuhr's book "The Irony of American History" "the most important book ever written on U.S. foreign policy." Historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. described Niebuhr as "the most influential American theologian of the 20th century" and "Time" posthumously called Niebuhr "the greatest Protestant theologian in America since Jonathan Edwards."
Transcendental realism Initially developed by Roy Bhaskar in his book "A Realist Theory of Science" (1975), transcendental realism is a philosophy of science that was initially developed as an argument against epistemic realism of Positivism and Hermeneutics. The position is based on Bhaskar's transcendental arguments for certain ontological and epistemological positions based on what reality must be like in order for scientific knowledge to be possible. While Bhaskar's work is the origin of transcendental realism, it is based upon and further developed by a number of other authors[ref: Collier, Sayer, Lawson, Critical Realism: Essential Readings, etc. The overview of transcendental realism that follows is largely based on Andrew Sayer's "Realism and Social Science".