Which is a principle of political democracy that underpins universal suffrage and political equality?
Reserved political positions Several politico-constitutional arrangements use reserved political positions, especially when endeavoring to ensure the rights of minorities or preserving a political balance of power. These arrangements can distort the democratic principle of "one person - one vote" in order to address special circumstances.
Proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems by which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If "n"% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly "n"% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result: not just a plurality, or a bare majority, of them. Proportional representation requires the use of multiple-member voting districts (also called super-districts); it is not possible using single-member districts alone. In fact, the most proportional representation is achieved when just one super-district is used.