Hak LGBT di Indonesia
Kelompok lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender (LGBT) di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan hukum dan prasangka yang tidak dialami oleh warga non-LGBT. Adat istiadat tradisional kurang menyetujui homoseksualitas dan berlintas-busana, yang berdampak kepada kebijakan publik. Misalnya, pasangan sesama jenis di Indonesia, atau rumah tangga yang dikepalai oleh pasangan sesama jenis, dianggap tidak memenuhi syarat untuk mendapatkan perlindungan hukum yang lazim diberikan kepada pasangan lawan jenis yang menikah. Sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia tidak memiliki hukum sodomi dan saat ini tidak mengkriminalisasi perilaku homoseksual pribadi dan non-komersial di kalangan orang dewasa, namun hukum di Indonesia tidak melindungi komunitas LGBT terhadap diskriminasi dan kejahatan kebencian. Di Aceh, dan bagi umat Islam di kota Palembang, homoseksualitas adalah ilegal di bawah hukum Syariah Islam, dan diancam dengan hukuman cambuk. Saat ini, Indonesia tidak mengakui pernikahan sesama jenis. Pada Juli 2015, Menteri Agama Lukman Hakim Saifuddin menyatakan bahwa hal itu tidak dapat diterima di Indonesia, karena norma-norma agama berbicara keras menentang hal tersebut.[1] Pentingnya harmoni sosial di Indonesia menyebabkan penekanan kepada kewajiban daripada hak, yang berarti bahwa hak asasi manusia bersama dengan hak-hak LGBT tergolong sangat rapuh.[2] Namun, komunitas LGBT di Indonesia perlahan-lahan menjadi terus lebih terlihat dan aktif secara politik.
Hak LGBT di Eropa
LGBT rights in:Same-sex sexual activityRecognition of same-sex unionsSame-sex marriageAdoption by same-sex couplesLGB people allowed to serve openly in militaryAnti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientationLaws concerning gender identity/expression Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.[4][121][122] Since 2005, for members of the British Armed Forces[123] Since 2014, for members of the British Armed Forces[124] UK responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[125] Albania Legal since 1995 + UN decl. sign.[4] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] No legal recognition[20] Andorra Legal since 1990 + UN decl. sign.[4] Stable unions since 2005[126]; Civil unions since 2014[127] Legal since 2014[128][127][129]Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] No legal recognition[20] Bosnia and Herzegovina Legal since 1996 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Republika Srpska since 1998, and in Brčko District since 2003 + UN decl. sign.[4] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] Requires surgery for change[130] Bulgaria Legal since 1968 + UN decl. sign.[4]/ Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 Constitutional ban since 1991[131] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[132] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] Requires sterilisation and surgery for change[133][134] Cyprus Legal since 1998 + UN decl. sign.[4] Civil cohabitation since 2015[135][136] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.[137] Gender change is not legal. Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 1993 + UN decl. sign.[4] Civil partnerships since 2014[138] Legal since 2016[139] Legal since 2014 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[140] Forbids discrimination on the grounds of gender reassignment[141] Greece Legal since 1951 + UN decl. sign.[4] Cohabitation agreements since 2015[142] Same-sex couples in a civil partnership may become foster parents;[143] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] Under the Legal Gender Recognition Act 2017[144][145] Italy Legal since 1890 + UN decl. sign.[4] Civil unions since 2016[146][147]/ One same-sex marriage was recognized in 2017[148]/ Stepchild adoption admitted by the Court of Cassation since 2016[149][150] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[10] Legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required[151][152] Kosovo (Disputed territory) Legal since 1994 (as part of Yugoslavia)[4][153] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[154][155] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[156] No legal recognition[20] Malta Legal since 1973 + UN decl. sign.[4] Civil unions since 2014[157] Legal since 2017 Legal since 2014 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016 Transgender people allowed to change gender; surgery not required since 2015[158] Montenegro Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[4] Proposed Constitutional ban since 2007[159][160] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] Requires sterilisation and surgery for change[11][20] North Macedonia Legal since 1996 + UN decl. sign.[4] Bans all anti-gay discrimination Northern Cyprus (Disputed territory) Legal since 2014[161][162][4] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[161][162] Portugal Legal since 1983 + UN decl. sign.[4] De facto unions since 2001[163][164] Legal since 2010[165] Legal since 2016[166][167][168] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] All documents can be amended to the recognised gender since 2011[169] San Marino Legal since 1865 + UN decl. sign.[4] Civil unions since 2019/ Stepchild adoption legal since 2019 Bans all anti-gay discrimination No legal recognition[11] Serbia Legal from 1858, when nominally a vassal of the Ottoman Empire to 1860,[170] and again since 1994 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[4] Constitutional ban since 2006[171] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] Sterilisation and surgery no longer required since 2019[172] Spain Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.[4] De facto unions in Catalonia (1998),[173] Aragon (1999),[173] Navarre (2000),[173] Castile-La Mancha (2000),[173] Valencia (2001),[174] the Balearic Islands (2001),[175] Madrid (2001),[173] Asturias (2002),[176] Castile and León (2002),[177] Andalusia (2002),[173] the Canary Islands (2003),[173] Extremadura (2003),[173] Basque Country (2003),[173] Cantabria (2005),[178] Galicia (2008)[179] La Rioja (2010),[180] and Murcia (2018),[181][182] and in both autonomous cities; Ceuta (1998)[183] and Melilla (2008).[184] Legal since 2005[185] Legal since 2005[186][187] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[10] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Andalusia, Madrid, Murcia and Valencia Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[188] Turkey Legal since 1858[4] Legal since 1988, requires sterilisation and surgery for change[189] Vatican City Legal since 1890 (As part of Italy)[4]Has no military