教育バウチャー
近年、日本においては学校教育だけでなく、塾、予備校、習い事、文化活動、スポーツ活動などに利用可能な学校外教育バウチャーの取り組みも行われている。
イングランドの教育史
The Education Act 1944, relating to England and Wales, was authored by Rab Butler and is sometimes known as "the Butler Act". It defined the modern split between primary education and secondary education at age 11, and provided for the raising of the school leaving age to 15. The Act established the "Tripartite System". It defined the grammar school as the place of education for the academically gifted (with entrance determined by a selection exam. Initially this was the "Scholarship" exam, which was later replaced by a "Grading Test" which was then subsequently replaced by the 11+ examination. Children who did not pass the selection test attended technical schools or secondary modern schools. 