VNS causes stimulation of the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves and is associated with problems ranging from alteration of voice (66%), coughing (45%), pharyngitis (35%) and throat pain (28%) and hoarseness (very common) to frank laryngeal muscle spasm and upper airway obstruction (rare).
The giant manta is commonly found offshore, while the reef manta, as its name suggests, is found inshore near coral and rocky reefs. Manta rays live in the open ocean, swimming continuously through the water column instead of resting on the sea floor like other rays. Although much of their time is spent near the surface, they have been known to dive to depths of 100 feet.
It has been caught as deep as 1,570 m (5,150 ft), although it is uncommon below 1,200 m (3,900 ft). In Suruga Bay, Japan, it is most common at depths of 50â200 m (160â660 ft). Exhibiting several primitive features, the frilled shark has often been termed a living fossil. It reaches a length of 2 m (6.6 ft) and has a dark brown, eel-like body with the dorsal, pelvic, and anal fins placed far back.