Not only does its name anticipate the American document of a century later, the English Bill of Rights anticipates some of the American billâs specific provisionsâfor example, the Eighth Amendmentâs ban on excessive bail and fines and on cruel and unusual punishment.
If the leaf contains carotene, as do the leaves of birch and hickory, it will change from green to bright yellow as the chlorophyll disappears. In some trees, as the concentration of sugar in the leaf increases, the sugar reacts to form anthocyanins. These pigments cause the yellowing leaves to turn red.
These cause the leaf to change colour. Each leaf then develops a line of weakness called an abscission layer; it is at this point of weakness that the leaf breaks off from the tree. In tropical countries the leaves still change colour and fall from trees but only because each leaf becomes old and inefficient.