It authorizes the holder to teach in the area of specialization listed on the credential in the following settings: special day classes, special schools, home/hospital settings, correctional facilities, nonpublic schools and agencies, and resource rooms.
14â16 The neuronal loss in Chagas heart disease has been postulatedto occur predominantly during the acute phase of the infec-tion, with participation of 3 mechanisms: direct parasitism ofneurons, degeneration caused by periganglionic inflamma-tion, and antineuronal autoimmune reaction.nly inthe late 1940s, through improved specific serological tests todetect antibodies against T cruzi, the clinical syndromes ofmegaesophagus, megacolon, and heart failure, by then ofunknown cause, were ascribed to Chagas disease, and the firstreport of cardiac neuronal damage appeared in the literature.
ThediseaseiscausedbytheprotozoanparasiteTcruziandtransmittedtohumansusuallyby the faeces of triatomine bugs or occasionally by nonvectorial mechanisms, such asblood transfusion and mother to fetus. Chagas disease has 2 phases, acute and chronic. Acute-phase disease is often asymp-tomatic.Up to 40%-50% of chronically infected patients develop progressive cardiomy-opathy and/or motility disturbances of the esophagus and colon. Birds, reptiles, and amphibians are refractory to T cruzi; however, insome situations birds (mainly chickens) are important sources of blood meals for tri-atomines, which are strictly hematophagous. Other Mechanisms of Transmission Chagas disease can be transmitted to man by nonvector mechanisms: blood ...