United States. The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted.. The general principles the United States Supreme Court relied on to decide whether or not a particular punishment was cruel and unusual were determined by Justice William Brennan.
Location of Bydgoszcz on a map. Bydgoszcz is a city found in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland. It is located 53.12 latitude and 18.01 longitude and it is situated at elevation 37 meters above sea level. Bydgoszcz has a population of 366,452 making it the biggest city in Kujawsko-Pomorskie. It operates on the CEST time zone.
Poland is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian enclave, to the north. The capital and the largest city is Warsaw, which is in central Poland, on the Vistula River.