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In Stack v. Boyle, 342 U.S. 1 (1951), the Supreme Court declared that a bail amount is excessive under the Eighth Amendment if it were a figure higher than is reasonably calculated to ensure the defendant's appearance at trial.
First, the Court articulated the reasons for a federal right to bail: [f]rom the passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789, to the present Federal Rules of Criminal Proce-dure, Rule 46 (a)(1), federal law has unequivo-cally provided that a person arrested for a non-capital offense shall be admitted to bail.