Phase And Vertical Shift. Phase and vertical shift refer to the transfer of a function in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. For the function , where A, B, C, and D are constants, the phase shift is defined as C/B. If the phase shift is positive, the shift occurs to the left; if the phase shift is negative, the shift occurs to the right.
So it is possible that a whole food meal will have a different impact on the duration of protein synthesis than pure amino acids. Our lab has recently shown that the duration of protein synthesis in response to a complete meal containing protein, carbohydrates, and fats is approximately 3 hours long. Therefore, it appears that a complete meal slightly prolongs the duration of protein synthesis.
It's typically on the time scale of minutes. Transcription and translation both occur on the time scale of 1 minute for a protein of typical length. However, longer transcripts and bigger proteins take proportionally longer to make. The largest protein in the human body is titin. It would take approximately an hour to translate its ~30,000 amino acids. Protein folding is fast, since it's an intramolecular process.