United States. The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted.. The general principles the United States Supreme Court relied on to decide whether or not a particular punishment was cruel and unusual were determined by Justice William Brennan.
Bydgoszcz [1] (also Bromberg, in German) is the capital city of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voidship, Poland. It is located in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers, with a population of roughly 360 000, agglomeration more than 460 000, which makes it the 8th biggest city in Poland. Bydgoszcz is part of the metroplex Bydgoszcz-ToruÅ with ToruÅ, only 45 km away, and over 850,000 inhabitants.
Poland (Polish: Polska ( listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska, listen (helpÂ·info)), is a country in Central Europe. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi) with a mostly temperate climate.