United States. The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted.. The general principles the United States Supreme Court relied on to decide whether or not a particular punishment was cruel and unusual were determined by Justice William Brennan.
Location of Bydgoszcz on a map. Bydgoszcz is a city found in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland. It is located 53.12 latitude and 18.01 longitude and it is situated at elevation 37 meters above sea level. Bydgoszcz has a population of 366,452 making it the biggest city in Kujawsko-Pomorskie. It operates on the CEST time zone.
Although Gdansk is not the capital of Poland (that is Warsaw to the southeast), it is Poland's largest northern city -- origins dating back to the 10th century -- with a population of 465,000. Gdansk, together with Gydnia and the resort town of Sopot, is known as the Tricity. Gydnia, where the big ships dock, is a former fishing village turned major seaport. It was a Nazi stronghold during the war (a major Naval port where Hitler once planned to build 100 subs before his plans were scuttled by major bombing by Allied Forces and the end of the war).