VNS causes stimulation of the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves and is associated with problems ranging from alteration of voice (66%), coughing (45%), pharyngitis (35%) and throat pain (28%) and hoarseness (very common) to frank laryngeal muscle spasm and upper airway obstruction (rare).
The giant manta is commonly found offshore, while the reef manta, as its name suggests, is found inshore near coral and rocky reefs. Manta rays live in the open ocean, swimming continuously through the water column instead of resting on the sea floor like other rays. Although much of their time is spent near the surface, they have been known to dive to depths of 100 feet.
The bulk of the ocean is deep-sea habitat with no light. Munidopsis albatrossae, a blind âsquat lobster,â lives at depths up to 2,500 meters. Because there is no light at this depth, they would have little use for eyes and therefore have none. Image courtesy of Exploring Alaska's Seamounts 2002, NOAA/OER.