Short-term disability insurance, which is most often purchased as part of a group at work, can be paid by either the employer or the employee. Group short-term disability insurance policies are guaranteed issue, meaning you do not have to take a medical exam to buy coverage.
In 1650, Otto von Guericke invented the air pump, used to create a partial vacuum. Using hollow copper spheres and an air pump of his own construction, Guericke demonstrated that a partial vacuum could be created by pumping the air out of the sphere.
In 1938 Burrhus Friederich (B.F.) Skinner took Thorndike's ideas and invented the Skinner-Box, which closed in the maze and made the rat learn stimulus response in association with different parts of the maze, perhaps in sequence rather than having an internalized map of the maze.