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Overview of Crude Units. Crude units are the first units that process petroleum in any refinery. There objective is to. separate the mixture into several fractions like naphtha, kerosene, diesel and gas oil. A. schematic diagram of an atmospheric crude fractionation unit is shown in Figure 1-1. Crude. water.
Typical PFD for an Atmospheric Distillation Unit. Crude oil is sent to the atmospheric distillation unit after desalting and heating. The purpose of atmospheric distillation is primary separation of various 'cuts' of hydrocarbons namely, fuel gases, LPG, naptha, kerosene, diesel and fuel oil. The heavy hydrocarbon residue left at the bottom of the atmospheric distillation column is sent to vacuum distillation column for further separation of hydrocarbons under reduced pressure. As the name suggests, the pressure profile in atmospheric distillation unit is close to the atmospheric pressure with highest pressure at the bottom stage which gradually drops down till the top stage of the column.