United States. The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted.. The general principles the United States Supreme Court relied on to decide whether or not a particular punishment was cruel and unusual were determined by Justice William Brennan.
Location of Bydgoszcz on a map. Bydgoszcz is a city found in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland. It is located 53.12 latitude and 18.01 longitude and it is situated at elevation 37 meters above sea level. Bydgoszcz has a population of 366,452 making it the biggest city in Kujawsko-Pomorskie. It operates on the CEST time zone.
Map of Lodz, Poland. Lodz is the second largest city of Poland. The name Lodz in Polish means 'boat'. In 1793, the city came under Prussian administration with a new Prussian name of Lodsch.It joined the Duchy of Warsaw in 1806 and became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland in1815.It also became a center of the socialist movement.he name Lodz in Polish means 'boat'. In 1793, the city came under Prussian administration with a new Prussian name of Lodsch. It joined the Duchy of Warsaw in 1806 and became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland in1815. It also became a center of the socialist movement.