United States. The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted.. The general principles the United States Supreme Court relied on to decide whether or not a particular punishment was cruel and unusual were determined by Justice William Brennan.
Location of Bydgoszcz on a map. Bydgoszcz is a city found in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland. It is located 53.12 latitude and 18.01 longitude and it is situated at elevation 37 meters above sea level. Bydgoszcz has a population of 366,452 making it the biggest city in Kujawsko-Pomorskie. It operates on the CEST time zone.
The area of Bydgoszcz and its surroundings is diverse, since the city is located on the border of several geographical areas, like Torun Dale, Notec Valley, Brda Valley, Swiecko Upland and Chelminskie Lakeland. The neighbourhood of Bydgoszcz is woody, dominated by pine forests.