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Overview of Crude Units. Crude units are the first units that process petroleum in any refinery. There objective is to. separate the mixture into several fractions like naphtha, kerosene, diesel and gas oil. A. schematic diagram of an atmospheric crude fractionation unit is shown in Figure 1-1. Crude. water.
The residual oil or pitch is first heated to around 930Â° Fahrenheit (500Â° Celsius) and fed into the bottom of the coke drum where the cracking process begins. During cracking, gases and vaporized oils exit at the top of the coker unit for collection, while solid, porous coke builds up to form a mass inside the drum. Once a sufficient accumulation of coke is present in the drum, the feed is cut off and the process ceases.