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Overturning Verdicts. In certain situations, a judge can overrule or change the guilty verdict that the jury has decided on. Typically, this is called either a judgment of acquittal or a judgment notwithstanding the verdict.
The Court has held the Clause inapplicable to civil jury awards of punitive damages in cases between private parties, when the government neither has prosecuted the action nor has any right to receive a share of the damages awarded.32 The Court based this conclusion on a review of the history and purposes of the Excessive Fines Clause.