Neodymium is never found in nature as a free element, but rather it occurs in ores such as monazite and bastnÃ¤site that contain small amounts of all the rare earth metals. The main mining areas are in China, the United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia.
Polycystic Kidney Disease. Polycystic kidney disease (also called PKD) causes numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys. These cysts are filled with fluid. If too many cysts grow or if they get too big, the kidneys can become damaged. PKD cysts can slowly replace much of the kidneys, reducing kidney function and leading to kidney failure.
Germs (bacteria) causing cystitis can sometimes travel up from the bladder to infect a kidney. The bacteria are usually those which live in the bowel. They can travel from the back passage (anus), up the tube which passes out urine from the bladder (the urethra), into the bladder and cause a bladder infection.