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Creatinine is a metabolic by-product of muscle metabolism, and normally appears in urine in relatively constant quantities over a 24 hour period with normal liquid intake. Therefore, urine creatinine can be used as an indicator of urine water content or as a marker identifying a specimen as urine. Greater than normal intake of water will increase the urine water content (lowering the creatinine level) consequently diluting the amount of drug in urine. Conversely, a limited intake of water can lead to an abnormally concentrated urine specimen (as occurs with dehydration) resulting in elevated creatinine levels.
Creatinine is a chemical waste product that is released into the blood when muscles contract. When kidney function is normal, creatinine is filtered from the blood through the kidneys. When creatinine levels are high, it can be an indicator of kidney disease. For adults, dialysis is recommended when creatinine levels reach 10.0 mg/dL; for children, dialysis is recommended when levels reach 2.0 mg/dL. To find out what a personâs creatinine levels are, a doctor will order a blood test called serum creatinine to determine kidney function and use the number to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which can determine the stage of chronic kidney disease.