Picaridin can be used on human skin or clothing to repel mosquitoes, biting flies, ticks, fleas, and chiggers. These products may be pump sprays, liquids, aerosols, or wipes.
Transcription is carried out by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that copies the sequence of a DNA strand into RNA. To begin transcribing a gene, the RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called a promoter and separates the DNA strands.
RNA splicing is the removal of non-coding introns and the joining of exons by spliceosomes. The presence of introns is thought to assist gene regulation by way of complex methods like alternative splicing. After splicing, a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail are added, and this 'final draft' is called mature mRNA. Splicing, capping, and tailing comprise RNA processing in the nucleus. Once the mature mRNA moves into the cytoplasm, it begins translation and undergoes other forms of gene regulation.