Optometrists (also known as Doctors of Optometry in the US and Canada for those holding the O.D. degree[1] or Ophthalmic Opticians in the UK[2][3][4][5][6][7]) are medical professionals who provide primary eyecare through comprehensive eye examinations to detect and treat various visual abnormalities and eye diseases.
A Cardiothoracic surgeon in the U.S. is a physician (D.O. or M.D.) who first completes a general surgery residency (typically 5â7 years), followed by a cardiothoracic surgery fellowship (typically 2â3 years).
Step by Step Educational Path of a Cardiologist. 1  Earn a bachelorâs degree. The journey to becoming a cardiologist starts with a four-year undergraduate degree. 2  Take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). Nearly all medical schools require that applicants present their MCAT scores when applying. 3  Apply to medical school. Medical school is the next step for a future cardiologist, and will last for four years. During this time, students will study subjects like pharmacology, anatomy and psychology.