1 1902 Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first air conditioner to control the temperature and humidity of a printing company, marking the first time effort taken to control the temperature of the surroundings. 2  This starts the history of air conditioning.
Following the introduction and widespread use of central venous catheters (CVCs) in adult patients, these devices are now frequently used also in the pediatric population. They have become an indispensable route for venous access, especially in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).
The central approach, with a puncture sight similar to that used for central venous catheterization, to the internal jugular vein is often used (4,5,20â22). How-ever, contrary to central venous catheterization, the needle, guidewire, and catheter are advanced in a cephalad direction. Because of concern for vascular