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Variables petitioner and respondent provide detailed information about all parties, except the identity of the state if a state (or one of its subdivisions) is a party, petitioner and respondent variables note only whether a state is a party, not the state's name.
The Defendant is the person charged or accused of something. In a criminal case, they are charged with violating one or more laws. In a civil case, they are accused of some kind of wrongdoing. It may be a breach of contract, performing some act that caused the other person to incur a loss, or failing to act in a responsible or timely matter which caused some loss or injury to the other party.