1 1902 Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first air conditioner to control the temperature and humidity of a printing company, marking the first time effort taken to control the temperature of the surroundings. 2  This starts the history of air conditioning.
Following the introduction and widespread use of central venous catheters (CVCs) in adult patients, these devices are now frequently used also in the pediatric population. They have become an indispensable route for venous access, especially in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).
recognition and intervention, these AVFs will be lost and these patients will. require unsafe, prolonged use of a central venous catheter (with associated. complications) for their hemodialysis--and many of these patients will then have. to depend upon an A-V graft or catheter for life-long hemodialysis.