Optometrists (also known as Doctors of Optometry in the US and Canada for those holding the O.D. degree[1] or Ophthalmic Opticians in the UK[2][3][4][5][6][7]) are medical professionals who provide primary eyecare through comprehensive eye examinations to detect and treat various visual abnormalities and eye diseases.
The first step toward becoming a surgeon is to earn a bachelor's degree. Although there is no specific mandated major, it's highly suggested you consider a major in the sciences, such as biology or chemistry. You must pass the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) to apply to medical school.
For cardiothoracic surgery, its 4 years med school, 1 year internship, 4-5 years general surgery residency, 2 years cardiac fellowship, then 1-2 years from there if you want to subspecialize (such as peds, etc). Click to expand... some gen surg residencies are 7 years because of research requirements.