1 1902 Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first air conditioner to control the temperature and humidity of a printing company, marking the first time effort taken to control the temperature of the surroundings. 2  This starts the history of air conditioning.
Following the introduction and widespread use of central venous catheters (CVCs) in adult patients, these devices are now frequently used also in the pediatric population. They have become an indispensable route for venous access, especially in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).
Venous access devices range from simple steel needles to sophisticated catheter/sensor assemblies. Central venous catheter (CVC) - Single or multiple lumen CVCs are usually inserted via the internal jugular, axillary or subclavian veins and terminate in the superior vena cava. The femoral vein is used infrequently and those CVCs terminate in the inferior vena cava. CVCs require insertion by a physician.