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Thus, a person called to testify before Congress can refuse if they believe the government could use the testimony against them in criminal proceedings. To render the protections against self-incrimination ineffective, Congress can provide immunity from criminal prosecution.
Statements that senators and representatives make outside of the House or Senate are not privileged, however. If a member of Congress defames you in a press release or on a talk show, you can sue him or her for libel. Of course, that doesn't mean you'll win.