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In single-cell organisms, mitosis is the only form of cellular reproduction. One round of mitosis yields two genetically identical cells. In bacteria, this process results in an entirely new, independent organism. This is classified as asexual reproduction because it does not require sex for the creation of new organisms. In multi-cellular organisms, like ourselves, mitosis only occurs in somatic cells, which comprise all cells in an organism excluding germ cells.
Meiosis: Half the Chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms that sexually reproduce have a specialized set of cells that undergo meiosis rather than mitosis. In meiosis, the parent cell splits into four daughter cells, or gametes, each of which has half as many chromosomes as the parent. The division of cells in the ovaries to produce eggs is an example of meiosis in action.