The toxic effect is related linearly through a relatively large range of body weights, to the body weight of the victim, and, The mechanism of toxicity is the same for âsimilar animalsâ, i. e. one may conduct toxicity tests on say rats or mice and apply the LD50 data to human, since both are mammals.
For moderate menstrual cramps, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen [Advil, Motrin, Nuprin, etc.] or naproxen [Aleve, Anaprox, Naprosyn, Naprelan]) are often helpful.
The three prescription-only medicines used to treat constipation are lactulose (Enulose, Kristalose and generic), linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone (Amitiza). Amitiza and Linzess are relatively new drugs that cause the cells that line the intestines to secrete chloride, sodium and water to help soften stools.