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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
In the summit region, lava flows were initially emplaced near-horizontally at elevations of just under 2000 m, and were 40-50 m thick, but as growth of Old Shiveluch progressed, flows were emplaced at angles up to 40 degrees and were from 80 m thick near the main summit to 20 m thick near their ends.