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While an 18-gauge, or a catheter measuring 0.234 inches (about 5.94 mm), used to be the standard, the development of short peripheral catheters with smaller but stronger walls made it possible to use a smaller size for a larger fluid flow.
The procedure, known as right heart catheterization, may be performed with or without the use of fluoroscopy. The typical PA catheter is 110 cm long and has four lumensâthe distal, proximal, thermistor, and inflation lumenâeach of which leads to a specific port. (Some PA catheters have a second proximal lumen and port.) The catheter is marked incrementally with black bands that indicate the length of insertion.