Trade encourages specialisation, which brings prosperity; global capital markets, for all their problems, allocate money more efficiently than local ones; economic co-operation encourages confidence and enhances security. Yet despite its obvious benefits, the globalised economy is under threat.
RA (the most common disease cause) and Paget disease of the cervical spine can cause atlantoaxial dislocation or subluxation, basilar invagination, or platybasia. Metastatic tumors that affect bone can cause atlantoaxial dislocation or subluxation.
Eventually, clumping pigment and punched out areas of pigment loss called geographic atrophy are seen. These areas can cause blind spots in vision. These areas of atrophy progress slowly over years but can result in severe central vision loss. Currently there is no specific treatment for dry macular degeneration.