'PAR' in PAR 20 or PAR 50 is an acronym standing for Parabolic Aluminized Reflector. This name refers to the construction of the PAR bulb. The bulb traditionally features a tungsten filament surrounded by a reflector with an aluminum coating (hence aluminized). The reflector intensifies the beam and makes it more efficient.
Toe necrosis; Toe ischemia; Amputation; Dry gangrene Abstract Toe necrosis may have vast different etiologies. These include ischemia, embolus, and others. (1) The most common etiology is ischemia. It is a reduction in blood supply to a viable tissue that can lead to susceptibility to infection and tissue death. Peripheral ischemia, which is rooted in the
Avascular necrosis, also called aseptic necrosis, ischemic bone necrosis, or osteonecrosis, death of bone tissue caused by a lack of blood supply to the affected area. Avascular necrosis most commonly affects the epiphyses (ends) of the femur (thigh bone); other commonly affected bones include those of the upper arm, the shoulder, the knee, and the ankle. Avascular necrosis tends to occur in men more often than women and typically is diagnosed between ages 30 and 50.