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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
This study is the first geophysical observation that large magma chambers exist in the deep oceanic crust below.. This volcano is estimated to be between 300,000 and 600,000 years old.It is also the youngest and most southeastern volcano on the island, with active eruptions since January 1983.he first eruption was reported in 1959, according to National Geographic. Researchers found that the chamber is primarily composed of magma mush, which is a mixture of rock and magma.