From the 14th century, the term was also used for a junior member of a guild (otherwise known as yeomen) or university and then for low-level ecclesiastics, as young monks and recently appointed canons. As an inferior grade of scholarship, it came to refer to one holding a bachelor's degree. This sense of baccalarius or baccalaureus is first attested at the University of Paris in the 13th century in the system of degrees established under the auspices of Pope Gregory IX as applied to scholars still in statu pupillari.
A rotator cuff tear may result from an acute injury such as a fall or may be caused by chronic wear and tear with degeneration of the tendon. Impingement of the front of the scapula, the acromion, on the tendon is believed to be a major cause of cuff tears in individuals older than 40 years. Typically, you will feel pain in the front of your shoulder that radiates down the side of your arm.
You may notice only mild pain and not lose much strength or range of motion. We sometimes refer to these mild tears as pulled muscles. A second-degree tear is a greater rupture that stops short of a complete tear. Any contraction of the torn muscle will cause pain. With either a first-or second-degree tear, you may feel a defect of the muscle-a bump or an indentation-at the site of the most pain. You should be able to partially contract the muscle, but you may not be able to walk or stand without pain or a limp.