Trade encourages specialisation, which brings prosperity; global capital markets, for all their problems, allocate money more efficiently than local ones; economic co-operation encourages confidence and enhances security. Yet despite its obvious benefits, the globalised economy is under threat.
RA (the most common disease cause) and Paget disease of the cervical spine can cause atlantoaxial dislocation or subluxation, basilar invagination, or platybasia. Metastatic tumors that affect bone can cause atlantoaxial dislocation or subluxation.
Large pituitary adenomas may cause headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Compression of the optic chiasm causes loss of peripheral vision. Injury to the posterior pituitary impairs antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production (a condition known as diabetes insipidus) and leads to excess urination, dehydration, and thirst.