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Beyond these basic, universal features, eukaryotic genomes vary dramatically in terms of size and gene counts. Even so, genome size and the number of genes present in an organism reveal little about that organism's complexity (Figure 1).ne pg is equivalent to approximately 1 billion base pairs.) Therefore, genome size is clearly not an indicator of the genomic or biological complexity of an organism. Otherwise, humans would have at least as much DNA as the marbled lungfish, although probably much more.
The size of an individual gene or an organism's entire genome is often measured in base pairs because DNA is usually double-stranded. Hence, the number of total base pairs is equal to the number of nucleotides in one of the strands (with the exception of non-coding single-stranded regions of telomeres). The haploid human genome (23 chromosomes) is estimated to be about 3.2 billion bases long and to contain 20,000â25,000 distinct protein-coding genes. A kilobase (kb) is a unit of measurement in molecular biology equal to 1000 base pairs of DNA or RNA.