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Photosynthesis can be divided into two stagesâthe light dependent reaction and the light independent (or dark) reactions. During the light reactions, an electron is stripped from a water molecule freeing the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. The free oxygen atom combines with another free oxygen atom to produce oxygen gas which is then released.
Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Within the photosystem, enzymes capture photons of light to energize electrons that are then transferred through a variety of coenzymes and cofactors to reduce plastoquinone to plastoquinol. The energized electrons are replaced by oxidizing water to form hydrogen ions and molecular oxygen. By replenishing lost electrons with electrons from the splitting of water, photosystem II provides the electrons for all of photosynthesis to occur.