Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2013: $590 (1.2%). Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with no mortgage in 2013: $637 (1.5%). Nearest city with pop. 50,000+: Bismarck, ND (78.6 miles, pop. 55,532). Nearest city with pop. 200,000+: Minneapolis, MN (305.7 miles, pop. 382,618).
The third type of variable is a controlled variable. This variable is constant in an experiment. Experiments are repeated a number of times to interpret how a change in the independent variable affects each trial result.
In research, you typically define variables according to what you're measuring. The independent variable is the variable which the researcher would like to measure (the cause), while the dependent variable is the effect (or assumed effect), dependent on the independent variable. These variables are often stated in experimental research, in a hypothesis, e.g.