1 Embalming is not required with cremation unless the body will be on display, or if there will be a long delay between death and cremation. 2  If embalming is done, it can cost $200-$700 or more. 3  See How Much Does Embalming Cost. 4  The body must be in a container when it is cremated.
When designing columns, it is common to define the design reflux ratio as some multiple of the theoretical minimum reflux. The cost optimum reflux ratio is typically in the 1.1 to 1.5 range depending on energy costs, condenser coolant, and materials of construction. The rule of thumb reported most often suggests that a reflux ratio of about 1.2 times the minimum is a good design value. It may also be necessary to distinguish between returned reflux (the reflux stream flowing from the accumulator to the column) and the effective reflux flowing down the column.
Since the term Kc [H2O] [H2O] is a constant, let it be symbolized by Kw, giving: Kw = [H3O+] [OHÂ¯] (2) This constant, Kw, is called the water autoprotolysis constant or water autoionization constant. (Sometimes the prefix auto is dropped, as was done in the title of this section.) It can be determined by experiment and has the value 1.011 x 10Â¯14 at 25 Â°C. Generally, a value of 1.0 x 10Â¯14 is used. From the chemical equation just above equation (1), it can be seen that H3O+ and OHÂ¯ are in the molar ratio of one-to-one. This means that, in pure water, [H3O+] = [OHÂ¯]. Therefore the values of [H3O+] and [OHÂ¯] can be determined by taking the square root of Kw. Hence, both [H3O+] and [OHÂ¯] equal 1.00 x 10Â¯7. This leads to several important results in the