Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to conclusions. Charles Sanders Peirce divided inference into three kinds: deduction, induction, and abduction. Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic.
Meiosis is the process by which most eukaryotic organisms, those with cells having an organized nucleus, produces sex cells, the male and female gametes. Cells normally have two copies of each chromosome, one donated from each parent.
Prophase 1 and 2 occur in meiosis which is the process of creating haploid cells. In prophase 1, there are two copies of each chromosome and the cell is said to be diploid (one copy from mum and one copy from dad). The two copies of each chromosome come into contact with each other and swap parts of the chromosome. This introduces genetic diversity.