Secondary leg cramps are caused by an underlying condition or another identifiable cause. These include: 1  pregnancy: the extra weight of pregnancy can place strain on the leg muscles, making them more vulnerable to cramping. 2  exercise: leg cramps are often experienced when resting after exercise.
Berlin Conference. Main article: Berlin Conference. The occupation of Egypt, and the acquisition of the Congo were the first major moves in what came to be a precipitous scramble for African territory. In 1884, Otto von Bismarck convened the 1884â1885 Berlin Conference to discuss the Africa problem.
The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa, is usually referred to as the starting point of the scramble for Africa. Consequent to the political and economic rivalries among the European empires in the last quarter of the 19th century, the partitioning, or splitting up of Africa was how the Europeans avoided warring amongst themselves over Africa.