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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
Magma reservoirs with 100% molten lava and areas of 100-1000 kmÂ³ are present at a depth of 10 km under the volcanic zones (the Graben), and they feed the shallower and smaller magma chambers under the central volcano systems.