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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
Within the park's large caves which extend to depths over 1000 feet (300 meters) from the surface, there may be a difference in temperature depending on the depth. For example, the temperature of the Big Room of Carlsbad Cavern, at a depth of 750 feet (about 230 meters) below the surface, is 56Â°F (13Â°C).