Aspiration may occur under several circumstances. 1  Before the swallowing reflex is triggered, when the airway has not elevated or closed. 2  During the swallowing if the laryngeal valves are not functioning adequately. 3  After the swallow when the larynx lowers and opens for inhalation.
These initials refer to the doctor's credentials â they indicate the type of medical school the doctor attended and the licensing exam they took to become a doctor. 1  MD stands for Doctor of Medicine, and is the most common type of degree earned by doctors who practice medicine in the United States. DO stands for Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, and refers to a doctor who practices medicine whose medical school training included a focus on the muscular and skeletal systems to treat problems throughout the body. Both MD's and DO's attend medical school and take exams to become licensed, practicing physicians.
YOUR EYEGLASS PRESCRIPTION DECODED. Your eyeglass prescription is typically written in a grid like the one below, using a combination of terms, abbreviations, and numbers. Usually youâll see these abbreviations along the left side: O.D. stands for oculus dexter, meaning right eye. O.S. stands for oculus sinister, meaning left eye. O.U. stands for and oculus uterque, meaning both eyes.