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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
The Lava River Cave formed about 700,000 years ago from an eruption in nearby Hart Prairie. It is an out-and-back hike through a tube that at its highest point is 30 feet tall, and its lowest point only 3 feet tall.