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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
Call of the AbyssâWorld's Deepest Cave. The Big Cascade, the largest pit in Krubera Cave, plunges 499 feet (152 meters), but spans less than a tenth of the distance to the cave's unknown bottom. Descending into Krubera, in the country of Georgia, one team member said, was like climbing an inverted Mount Everest..