Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to conclusions. Charles Sanders Peirce divided inference into three kinds: deduction, induction, and abduction. Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic.
Meiosis is the process by which most eukaryotic organisms, those with cells having an organized nucleus, produces sex cells, the male and female gametes. Cells normally have two copies of each chromosome, one donated from each parent.
Together, the egg and sperm result in a fertilized egg, known as a zygote, which contains all 46 chromosomes. Half the chromosomes come from the father, and half come from the mother. The process of meiosis and fertilization result in every generation having the same number of 46 chromosomes. The process also takes place in animals and plants. Oscar Hertwig, a German biologist, first observed the process of meiosis in 1876 as he studied the eggs of sea urchins, Wikipedia notes.