during cost analysis you will also compare the proposed cost elements with i actual costs ii previous cost estimates for same or similar work iii other cost estimates iv independent government estimates and v forecasts of planned expenditures
How Decibels Apply to Music and Sound. In music, decibels are a measurement of Sound Pressure Level (SPL). When we say the speakers at a rock concert are playing at 110dB, what we really mean is that theyâre playing at 110dB SPL. Since the decibel is only a ratio, 110dB is actually a comparison to a different number: 0 SPL.
The loudness of sound is measured in units called decibels (dB). A decibel unit expresses the relative intensity of sounds on a scale from zero for the average least perceptible sound to about 100 dB, which is near the level most people find uncomfortably loud. Normal speech is around 50 to 60 dB. The following chart demonstrates the sound scale in decibels. When an individual is over-exposed to excessive loudness, sensitive structures of the inner ear, such as hair cells, can be damaged, causing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), a particular type of hearing loss.