Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to conclusions. Charles Sanders Peirce divided inference into three kinds: deduction, induction, and abduction. Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic.
Meiosis is the process by which most eukaryotic organisms, those with cells having an organized nucleus, produces sex cells, the male and female gametes. Cells normally have two copies of each chromosome, one donated from each parent.
Meiosis is the process by which haploid cells are formed from diploid cells. Sperm and eggs each contain only one chromosome from each homologous pair. After fusion of the two gametes at fertilization, the new cell contains all the chromosomes donated from both the sperm and egg, so it now contains the diploid number.