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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
The temperature of the magma in the lava lake of Kilauea varies as much as 400Â° depending on depth, escape of gases; and surface reactions, and measurements at Vesuvius vary nearly as much.