Collection efforts after bankruptcy are illegal. Pretty simple stuff, actually â if a debt is discharged, nobody can collect from you for ever and ever, amen. The trick is to know what happens if a creditor does, in fact, try to collect after bankruptcy. Are they breaking the bankruptcy laws and, if so, what is the penalty? Most courts have held that there is no private remedy for the violation of the discharge injunction. The remedy is by bringing a lawsuit for contempt of a court order, which leads to sanctions and an award of legal fees.
France signed preliminary articles of peace with Great Britain on January 20, 1783, followed by a formal peace of Paris signed on September 3, 1783. The illustration above, a copy of a sketch by the studio of Benjamin West, shows the American negotiators of the Peace of Paris.
Peace negotiations were held in Paris throughout 1782 and much of 1783, with separate treaties ultimately concluded between Great Britain and each of its enemies. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay represented the United States in these talks. In the final Treaty of Paris, concluded in September 1783, Great Britain formally recognized the independence of its former American colonies, with the Mississippi River as the new nation's western boundary.