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Fibrous Pericardium. Continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm, the fibrous pericardium is made of tough connective tissue and is relatively non-distensible. This rigidity prevents rapid overfilling of the heart, but can have several serious clinical consequences (see cardiac tamponade).
Parietal pericardium. Consists of a tough fibrous layer of dense irregular tissue that is fused to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium, and a thin, smooth, moist serous layer. Visceral Pericardium. Also called the epicardium; formed at the base of the heart where the serous layer turns inward.