The kinetic energy of the mass of exhaust gas carries it along the exhaust pipe, and causes a pressure build up ahead of the mass of gas and a partial vacuum behind it. This principle is used in a tuned exhaust system.
Culligan - $2352 ($2053 w/o R/O unit) Culligan Gold Series (10), Good Water Machine. If I were to look at price only, I would go with either the cheaper Ecowater system w/R/O at $2698 or the Culligan system. At almost $4k, the Kinetico system seems greatly over priced.
Also called a water conditioner, an ion-exchange water softener uses sodium ions (salt) to remove these excess minerals from the water supply. Typical costs: Ion-exchange water softeners start around $400-$1,000 for a basic unit. 1  Installation costs range from $100-$500 (depending on the type of equipment, ease of access and whether you need to add new piping and a suitable drain for the unit) for a total cost of $500-$1,500 for basic water softener in an average-size home.