His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any monarch of a major country in European history. In this age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's France was a leader in the growing centralization of power.
If you omit the GROUP BY clause, then Oracle applies aggregate functions in the select list to all the rows in the queried table or view. You use aggregate functions in the HAVING clause to eliminate groups from the output based on the results of the aggregate functions, rather than on the values of the individual rows of the queried table or view.
Aggregate functions are used to compute against a returned column of numeric data from your SELECT statement. They basically summarize the results of a particular column of selected data. We are covering these here since they are required by the next topic, GROUP BY. Although they are required for the GROUP BY clause, these functions can be used without the GROUP BY clause. For example: