1 An appreciation of cultural diversity goes hand-in-hand with a just and equitable society. 2  For example, research has shown that when students' cultures are understood and appreciated by teachers, the students do better in school.
Ectopic pregnancy occurs at a rate of 19.7 cases per 1,000 pregnancies in North America and is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. Greater awareness of risk factors and improved technology (biochemical markers and ultrasonography) allow ectopic pregnancy to be identified before the development of life-threatening events.
Historically, the hallmark of ectopic pregnancy has been abdominal pain with spotting, usually occurring six to eight weeks after the last normal menstrual period. This remains the most common presentation of tubal pregnancy in symptomatic patients. Other presentations depend on the location of the ectopic pregnancy. Less commonly, ectopic pregnancy presents with pain radiating to the shoulder, vaginal bleeding, syncope and/or hypovolemic shock.