An absorbing dynamometer acts as a load that is driven by the prime mover that is under test (e.g. Pelton wheel). The dynamometer must be able to operate at any speed and load to any level of torque that the test requires.
Other factors which may contribute to flooding include: 1  volume, spatial distribution, intensity and duration of rainfall over a catchment; 2  the capacity of the watercourse or stream network to convey runoff; 3  catchment and weather conditions prior to a rainfall event; 4  ground cover; 5  topography; and. 6  tidal influences.
Floods are one of the most common hazards on Earth and have claimed millions of lives in the past 100 years. Flooding can be triggered by heavy rainfall, tsunami events, high astronomical tides, snow melt, ice jams, prolonged strong onshore winds, or a failure of dams/levees to trigger.