Digestion and Absorption of Protein (continued) Free amino acids absorbed by cotransport with Na + . Dipeptides and tripeptides transported by secondary active transport using a H + gradient to transport them into the cytoplasm. Hydrolyzed into free amino acids and then secreted into the blood. Insert fig.
Substitute an equal amount of sour cream for milk in a recipe. Examine the texture of the sour cream. Adjust the level of shortening or butter in the recipe. Reduce the shortening by 1/2 cup for thick or heavy sour cream or 1/3 cup for thin or light sour cream.
Recipes that use a lot of liquid allow you to substitute acidic dairy ingredients for cream of tartar. These include buttermilk and yogurt. To use these instead of cream of tartar, remove 1/2 cup of non-acidic liquid, like milk or water, for each 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda in your recipe.