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Concrete first must be scoured clean with a concrete cleaning solution, a scrub brush or a cleaning machine, then allowed to dry before any etching takes place. Never clean a new concrete pad until at least one month of curing time has been allowed at minimum. After all the water has been removed, the pad should have at least 48 hours of drying time before you apply any etching to the surface. If the weather is particularly humid, wait up to 72 hours for best results. There are numerous types of etching materials available for use with concrete, but as a general rule, they only need 15 to 30 minutes of time on the surface of the concrete to work their way down through the initial layer and etch the surface.
Cured and Dry. Concrete continues to harden for several years after it is poured, but the standard period of initial curing is 28 days, or roughly one month. At this point, the concrete is very close to full strength and is ready to accept most commercially available sealants. However, sealers typically must be applied to dry concrete. You can test the concrete for moisture content by securing a piece of aluminum foil on the sidewalk with duct tape and waiting 24 hours. If the foil is dry when you remove it, the sidewalk is ready for sealing.