Heroin also produces profound degrees of tolerance and physical dependence. Tolerance occurs when more and more of the drug is required to achieve the same effects. With physical dependence, the body adapts to the presence of the drug and withdrawal symptoms occur if use is reduced abruptly. Withdrawal may occur within a few hours after the last time the drug is taken. Symptoms of withdrawal include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps (âcold turkeyâ), and leg movements.
1. Congestive heart failure (Statistical Brief #142, 2009 data) â The mean cost per CHF readmission is $13,000, with a 25.1 percent readmission rate. This is 118 percent the cost of an initial admission for CHF, which costs $11,000 on average.
Cardiac dysrhythmia ranked fifth, with 69,400 readmissions and a cost of $835 million, and acute MI eighth, at 51,300 readmissions and a cost of $693 million. Congestive heart failure took the biggest chunk of the Medicare readmission budget, at 7.3 percent of total costs.Congestive heart failure also appeared in the top 10 list for Medicaid patients and uninsured patients.It ranked seventh for Medicaid readmissions (18,800 rehospitalizations at a cost of $273 million) and eighth for uninsured readmissions (3,600 and $43 million).ongestive heart failure was the most common condition for a Medicare readmission, with 134,500 beneficiaries rehospitalized for a total cost of more than $1.7 billion.