Water chiller. A water chiller is a mechanical device used to facilitate heat exchange from water to a refrigerant in a closed loop system. The refrigerant is then pumped to a location where the waste heat is transferred to the atmosphere.
Banking in the United States before creation of the Federal Reserve System was, to say the least, chaotic. Early American Banking: 1791-1863. Banking in the America of 1863 was far from easy or dependable.
The United States Congress enacted the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. The Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System (the Fed). The Fed serves as the central bank of the United States. The Act created a banking system consisting of both private and public organizations.