The kinetic energy of the mass of exhaust gas carries it along the exhaust pipe, and causes a pressure build up ahead of the mass of gas and a partial vacuum behind it. This principle is used in a tuned exhaust system.
Culligan - $2352 ($2053 w/o R/O unit) Culligan Gold Series (10), Good Water Machine. If I were to look at price only, I would go with either the cheaper Ecowater system w/R/O at $2698 or the Culligan system. At almost $4k, the Kinetico system seems greatly over priced.
Without a doubt, Culligan water softeners are some of the most reliable softening systems you can use today simply because they make use of the ion exchange technology which has been proven for many years. As we have discussed in our previous guides, ion exchange is one of the usual ways to soften hard water.