Heroin also produces profound degrees of tolerance and physical dependence. Tolerance occurs when more and more of the drug is required to achieve the same effects. With physical dependence, the body adapts to the presence of the drug and withdrawal symptoms occur if use is reduced abruptly. Withdrawal may occur within a few hours after the last time the drug is taken. Symptoms of withdrawal include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps (âcold turkeyâ), and leg movements.
1. Congestive heart failure (Statistical Brief #142, 2009 data) â The mean cost per CHF readmission is $13,000, with a 25.1 percent readmission rate. This is 118 percent the cost of an initial admission for CHF, which costs $11,000 on average.
1 For patients not covered by health insurance, the cost of the most common types of heart surgery can range from less than $30,000 to almost $200,000 or more, depending on the facility, the doctor and the type of surgery. In general, removal of a blockage falls on the lower end of the range, heart bypass surgery toward the middle and heart valve replacement on the higher end -- but costs for a heart transplant are much higher.