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Conclusion Questions 3.3.1 1. The walls of the alveoli in the lungs are incredibly thin. Explain how this structure is related to function in the body. The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin so that they can serve their purpose of allowing diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide to happen. This is where gas exchange occurs.
The pulmonary arteries form smaller blood vessels called arterioles which direct blood flow to the capillaries surrounding lung alveoli. The alveoli in the lungs are coated with a moist film that dissolves air in the lungs. Oxygen diffuses across the thin epithelium of the alveoli sacs into the blood within the surrounding capillaries. Carbon dioxide also diffuses from the blood in the capillaries to the alveoli air sacs. The now oxygen rich blood is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. Carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs by exhalation.