There is some evidence which suggests that the use of Irish stick weapons may have evolved in a progression from a reliance on long spears and wattles, to shorter spears and wattles, to the shillelagh, alpeen, blackthorn (walking-stick) and short cudgel.
Moreover, most of the associated drugs fatalities including tramadol have been reported with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, particularly benzodiazepine [9], [10], [11], [13] and [14]. In certain cases, benzodiazepine levels were in the therapeutic range or slightly higher.
It is of the benzenoid class. Tramadol was launched and marketed as Tramal by the German pharmaceutical company Gruenenthal GmbH gmbh in 1977 In West, germany and 20 years later it was launched in countries such as THE, Uk.U., s And. australiaramadol (marketed as Ultram, and as generics) is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain.