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Within eukaryotes, DNA replication is controlled within the context of the cell cycle. As the cell grows and divides, it progresses through stages in the cell cycle; DNA replication takes place during the S phase (synthesis phase).
Although the chromosomes are not visible by light microscopy during this period, DNA replication occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase (see Figure 13-1). Figure 19-34 depicts the characteristic series of events that can be observed by light microscopy during mitosis in a eukaryotic cell.