In an ionic bond, the atoms are bound together by the attraction between oppositely-charged ions. For example, sodium and chloride form an ionic bond, to make NaCl, or table salt.
Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust.gneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.
Igneous Processes and Landforms Landforms resulting from igneous processes may be related to eruptions of extrusive igneous rock material or emplacements of intrusive igneous rock. Volcanism refers to the extrusion of rock matter from Earthâs subsurface to the exterior and the creation of surface terrain features as a result. Volcanoes are mountains or hills that form in this way. Plutonism refers to igneous processes that occur below Earthâs surface including the cooling of magma to form intrusive igneous rocks and rock masses. Some masses of intrusive igneous rock are eventually exposed at Earthâs surface where they comprise landforms of distinctive shapes and properties.