There is some evidence which suggests that the use of Irish stick weapons may have evolved in a progression from a reliance on long spears and wattles, to shorter spears and wattles, to the shillelagh, alpeen, blackthorn (walking-stick) and short cudgel.
Moreover, most of the associated drugs fatalities including tramadol have been reported with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, particularly benzodiazepine [9], [10], [11], [13] and [14]. In certain cases, benzodiazepine levels were in the therapeutic range or slightly higher.
In brief: Tramadol. Is a rather unique analgesic drug that is indicated for moderate to moderately severe pain. Although it binds to mu receptors, tramadol is not technically classified as an opioid analgesic. Instead, it is classified as a centrally acting synthetic analgesic compound and therefore is not a scheduled narcotic drug. Dr. Grin responded: Tramadol. Is a rather unique analgesic drug that is indicated for moderate to moderately severe pain.