Both of these effects confirm and extend the result of other studies. The third result was that in people who exercised, the loss of white matter integrity caused by alcohol consumption was prevented or reduced, depending on how much exercise was done and which particular white matter tract in the brain is examined.
Penicillin is one of the earliest discovered and widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold. Antibiotics are natural substances that are released by bacteria and fungi into the their environment, as a means of inhibiting other organisms-it is chemical warfare on a microscopic scale.
Alexander Fleming, a British scientist, noticed in 1928 that mould had prevented the growth of bacteria in his lab. But the main plot of the story involves the rediscovery of penicillin 10 years later by an Australian scientist born one hundred years ago this year. Howard Florey and his dedicated team's systematic, detailed work transformed penicillin from an interesting observation into a life saver.