Because of the fission process that consumes the fuels, the old fuel rods must be changed periodically to fresh ones (this period is called a cycle). However, only a part of the assemblies (typically one-third) are removed since the fuel depletion is not spatially uniform.
In fertilization, the sperm and egg both contain one set of chromosomes. the father (sperm) and one from the mother (egg). In SCNT, the egg cell's single set of chromosomes is removed. chromosomes. come from the somatic cell.
There are two types of gene cloning: in vivo, which involves the use of restriction enzymes and ligases using vectors and cloning the fragments into host cells (as can be seen in the image above). The other type is in vitro which is using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to create copies of fragments of DNA.