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Electromagnetic waves are produced whenever charged particles are accelerated, and these waves can subsequently interact with any charged particles. EM waves carry energy, momentum and angular momentum away from their source particle and can impart those quantities to matter with which they interact.
When electromagnetic waves travel through a medium, the speed of the waves in the medium is v = c/n(Î»free), where n(Î»free) is the index of refraction of the medium. The index of refraction n is a properties of the medium, and it depends on the wavelength Î»free of the EM wave.