Carl H. Eigenmann an ichthyologist wrote Cave vertebrates of America: a study in degenerative evolution (1909) in which he concluded that cave evolution was essentially degenerative. The entomologist William Morton Wheeler and the Lamarckian Ernest MacBride (1866-1940) also advocated degenerative evolution.
fumaric acid - a colorless crystalline acid with a fruity taste; used in making polyester resins. acid - any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt. Translations. FumarsÃ¤ure
Fumaric Acid. Excipient (pharmacologically inactive substance) What is it? Fumaric acid (C4H4O4) is an organic acid widely found in nature, and is a component of organic biosynthesis is humans. Chemically, it is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid. It exists as white or nearly white crystals, odorless with a very tart taste. Fumaric acid is generally nontoxic and nonirritant. Fumaric acid has been used in food and beverage products since the 1940s. Food research shows that fumaric acid can improve quality and reduce the costs of many food and beverage products. It is non-hygroscopic (absorbs no moisture).