The diminished sale value of a title branded vehicle reduces the profitability of switching the registration and VIN from an accident vehicle to that of a stolen vehicle of the same make and model/year, in an attempt to register it as a rebuilt car and sell it. A consumer-protection warning.
The minimum length for the optical fiber on a cable is: L(min) = A(min) / a= 6.5dB/ 0.22dB/km = 29.5km. The maximum length for the optical fiber on a cable is: L(max) = A(max) / a = 21.5dB/ 0.22dB/km = 97.72km. where, a = attenuation for the optical cable (dB/km). On the basis of this calculation, the maximum hop distance for the OC48 LR 1550 card is between 29.5km and 97.72km. With this procedure as a basis, you can now calculate all others spans.
But where customers use 100Gbps Ethernet, both fiber-optic links and copper technology appears. Copper tends to be cheaper, but fiber optics can reach farther. With today's 40Gbps and 100Gbps standard, copper cables can be a maximum of 5 meters long, and making them shorter raises practical concerns. The objective of the new group will be to build a consensus about how fast the next-gen Ethernet should be.