While the presence of Islam in West Africa dates back to eighth century, the spread of the faith in regions that are now the modern states of Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Nigeria, was in actuality, a gradual and complex process.
Hypoventilation is a condition that arises when air entering the alveoli, small air sacs in the lungs that are the site of respiratory gas exchange, is reduced. This causes levels of oxygen to decrease and the levels of carbon dioxide to increase.
Causes of hypoventilation (discussed under Ventilatory Failure) include. 1  Conditions that impair CNS respiratory drive. 2  Conditions that impair neuromuscular transmission and other conditions that cause muscular weakness. 3  Obstructive, restrictive, and parenchymal pulmonary disorders.