Carl H. Eigenmann an ichthyologist wrote Cave vertebrates of America: a study in degenerative evolution (1909) in which he concluded that cave evolution was essentially degenerative. The entomologist William Morton Wheeler and the Lamarckian Ernest MacBride (1866-1940) also advocated degenerative evolution.
fumaric acid - a colorless crystalline acid with a fruity taste; used in making polyester resins. acid - any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt. Translations. FumarsÃ¤ure
Fumaric acid (E297) is added to foods as an acidity regulator and flavouring agent. They are used in bread, fruit drinks, pie fillings, poultry, wine, jams, jelly. E-Number. Substance. Some foodstuffs in which they are used. E260. Acetic acid. fish fingers, butter, margarine, processed cheese, curry powder, cooking oil. pH less than 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral and a pH greater than 7 is alkaline or basic. Our sense of taste can recognize only major differences in the pH within complex food systems. An acid product would taste sour, while an alkaline product would taste bitter.