Escherichia coli (commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans.The harmless strains are part of the normal flora of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K2, and by preventing the establishment of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine.ost E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans. The harmless strains are part of the normal flora of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K2, and by preventing the establishment of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine.
In flowering plants the gametophytes are very reduced in size, and are represented by the pollen and the embryo sac. The sporophyte produces spores (hence the name) by meiosis, a process also known as reduction division that reduces the number of chromosomes in each spore mother cell by half.The resulting meiospores develop into a gametophyte.n flowering plants the gametophytes are very reduced in size, and are represented by the pollen and the embryo sac. The sporophyte produces spores (hence the name) by meiosis, a process also known as reduction division that reduces the number of chromosomes in each spore mother cell by half.
The sporophyte is the multicellular diploid stage of the plant life cycle. This structure will eventually create the haploid spores by the process of meiosis. Meiosis-also called sexual reproduction-creates four cells that are genetically different and haploid.emember that cells containing only one copy of each chromosome are called haploid. The sporophyte will go through meiosis in order to produce spores. Spores are the first part of the haploid stage that we looked at, completing the life cycle.