In a federal system, the central (or federal) government has much more authority than in a confederal system. The central government controls more trade policy, and makes decisions about policy areas that involve interactions between states (such as highway systems).
Nationality is a legal relationship between an individual person and a state. Nationality affords the state jurisdiction over the person and affords the person the protection of the state. What these rights and duties are vary from state to state.
Nationality is often used as a synonym for citizenship in English â notably in international law â although the term is sometimes understood as denoting a person's membership of a nation (a large ethnic group). Where jus sanguinis holds, a person born outside a country, one or both of whose parents are citizens of the country, is also a citizen. 2  States normally limit the right to citizenship by descent to a certain number of generations born outside the state.