Degloving of the skin of the palms and soles typically occurs during decomposition, as well as in cases involving thermal exposure (ie, fires) and immersions (see the following example). Postmortem degloving of the hand.
The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood (isotonic). Ringer's lactate or Ringer's acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement.ormal saline (NS) is the commonly used term for a solution of 0.9% w/v of NaCl, about 300 mOsm /L. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline, neither of which is technically accurate.
An example of a hypotonic solution is 0.45% sodium chloride (0.45% NS), commonly called half normal saline. Solutions with an electrolyte content of 375 mEq/L or more are considered hypertonic. Hypertonic solutions are infused to treat patients who have severe hyponatremia. Depending on the type of hypertonic fluid infused, it can provide patients with calories, free water, and some electrolytes. Examples of hypertonic solutions are dextrose 10% in water (D10W) and dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride (D5NS). Because hypertonic solutions can be extremely irritating to the patientâs veins, some must only be infused through a central line. Before initiating a hypertonic solution, be sure to check your facilityâs policy to determine the appropriate intravenous route.