The low values (23 to 30 dynes/cm) result in easy wetting of most materials, which is helpful for. lubricity and other properties. Electrical Properties. The typical volume resistivity of Halocarbon oil is in the range. of 1013 to 1014 ohm-cm. The dielectric constant is quite low.
As you may notice, they can form ions by either losing or gaining electron in 4s orbital. In the chemistry of the transition elements, the 4s orbital behaves as the outermost, highest energy orbital. When these metals form ions, the 4s electrons are always lost first, leading to a positive charge on ion. Gaining any electron in 4s orbital would decrease the stability of anion thus formed. So, they form only cations (positive ions) .
As a result, they can also form covalent bonds particularly with large anions that can be polarized easily. Non-metals can gain electrons completely to give anions and hence can form ionic bonds. But they can also share electron pairs with other non-metal atoms and can form covalent bonds too. Simply, metals lose electrons and can form only ionic bonds. Metalloids and non-metals not only form covalent bonds by sharing, but can form ionic bonds either by losing or gaining electrons. Note: However, transition metals tend to form coordinate covalent bonds due to relatively smaller sizes.