In an ionic bond, the atoms are bound together by the attraction between oppositely-charged ions. For example, sodium and chloride form an ionic bond, to make NaCl, or table salt.
Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust.gneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.
The process of converting unconsolidated sediment into consolidated sedimentary rock is known as diagenesis or alternatively lithification. This process involves compaction and squeezing as the sediments become buried. Typical muds, for example contain approximately 50-60% water by volume.