Autoimmune Disease Genetics. 1  1Division of Rheumatology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Guggenheim Building 3-42, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. 2  2Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Sunlight, soil, water, and pollution, for example, are all important abiotic factors of an environment that affect life. The biotic environment, on the other hand, is composed of all the living organisms in an ecosystem, and includes factors such as disease, predators, prey, and human activity.
The archaea and bacteria that are chemotrophs in the deep sea vents tend to be the main producers of food for their ecosystem. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are another example of chemoautotrophs. They use the nitrogen that is located in the soil as an energy source and convert it into nitrates.