When symptoms are present, diagnosing the presence of osteophytes is a combination of a clinical exam of the joints and x-rays. Once the presence of osteophytes is confirmed, the treatment will depend on the severity of the disease.
While the genetic difference between individual humans today is minuscule â about 0.1%, on average â study of the same aspects of the chimpanzee genome indicates a difference of about 1.2%. The bonobo (Pan paniscus), which is the close cousin of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), differs from humans to the same degree.
All living beings have genes. Genes are a set of instructions that determine what the organism is like, its appearance, how it survives, and how it behaves in its environment. The genes lie in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) called chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes-or a total of 46. A donkey has 31 pairs of chromosomes, a hedgehog has 44, and a fruit fly has just 4.