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Viruses consist of a small collection of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protective protein coat called a capsid. (Retroviruses are among the infectious particles that use RNA as their hereditary material.
The surface of viruses includes many copies of one type of protein that binds, or adsorbs, specifically to multiple copies of a receptor protein on a host cell. This interaction determines the host range of a virus and begins the infection process (Figure 6-15).he T phages of E. coli are large lytic phages that contain a single molecule of double-stranded DNA. This molecule is about 2âÃâ10 5 base pairs long in T2, T4, and T6 viruses and about 4âÃâ10 4 base pairs long in T1, T3, T5, and T7 viruses.