Used to view spending and available funding to cover new obligations. It shows. the AFP, Allotment, Commitment, Obligation, Expenses, Disbursement, Available Allotment, and available AFP for budget objects (including Fund, Fund. Center, Commitment Item, Functional Area, and Funded Program).
A landmark case representing one of the earliest examples of the use of the Supremacy Clause is that of McCulloch v. Maryland. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the State of Maryland had no legal right to tax the Second Bank of the United States as a Federal entity.
The Supreme Court led by John Marshall denied the request citing part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional. Significance of Marbury v. Madison: This historic court case established the concept of Judicial Review or the ability of the Judiciary Branch to declare a law unconstitutional. This case brought the Judicial Branch of the government on a more even power basis with the Legislative and Executive Branches.