Modified radical mastectomy. Modified radical mastectomy involves the removal of both breast tissue and lymph nodes: 1  The surgeon removes the entire breast.  Axillary lymph node dissection is performed, during which levels I and II of underarm lymph nodes are removed (B and C in illustration).
Castor Oil Uses. Castor oil has traditionally been used as a remedy for treating various skin conditions and infections, relieving constipation, and increasing the health of hair. However, recent studies have shown that castor oil can be used to support the immune system, and an anti-inflammatory agent, antimicrobial agent, and lymphatic stimulant. You can use castor oil in a couple of different ways. Apply it directly to the skin, use it through a castor oil pack, or mix it with other oils to use it as a topical remedy.
Another common use of castor oil is as an excipient, a neutral suspension used to deliver the active ingredient in drugs. A substitute for castor oil in this usage is Cremophor EL, a synthetic compound patented by the chemical company BASF SE. Cremophor EL is created by reacting 35 parts ethylene oxide with one part castor oil.