Used to view spending and available funding to cover new obligations. It shows. the AFP, Allotment, Commitment, Obligation, Expenses, Disbursement, Available Allotment, and available AFP for budget objects (including Fund, Fund. Center, Commitment Item, Functional Area, and Funded Program).
A landmark case representing one of the earliest examples of the use of the Supremacy Clause is that of McCulloch v. Maryland. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the State of Maryland had no legal right to tax the Second Bank of the United States as a Federal entity.
The 1819. case of McCulloch v. Maryland addressed the scope of powers held by the Federal. Government and expanded them in provoking the creation of the doctrine of. implied powers granted under the Constitution. The Supreme Court thus placed. limits of states to act against programs undertaken by the Federal Government.