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Speciation, the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. Speciation involves the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two or more genetically independent lineages.
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which biological populations evolve to become distinct species . The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term 'speciation' in 1906 for the splitting of lineages or  cladogenesis , as opposed to  anagenesis  or phyletic evolution within lineages. Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book The Origin of Species .