The three golden lions on a red background, symbolising England, occupy the first and fourth quarters. The Arms of Scotland, a red lion rearing on its hind legs inside a red border, are in the second quarter, and the Arms of Ireland's golden harp with silver strings on a blue background-are in the third quarter.
Once it is reduced to QH2, ubiquinone delivers its electrons to the next complex in the electron transport chain. Q receives the electrons derived from NADH from complex I and the electrons derived from FADH2 from complex II, including succinate dehydrogenase. This enzyme and FADH2 form a small complex that delivers electrons directly to the electron transport chain, bypassing the first complex.
All three molecules have four pairs of electrons around their central atom. As a result, they all have a tetrahedral arrangment of electron pairs around the central atom. The bond angle in methane, CH4, is the tetrahedral angle, i.e. 109.5 (109 28'). Ammonia, NH3, contains a lone pair of electrons, which repels the bonding electrons to give a bond angle of 107. The atoms have a trigonal pyramidal arrangement.