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Overview. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is an unusual entity that has many features of an immune system malignancy. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid lineage cells (typically B cells, rarely non-B lineage) in a context of posttransplant immunosuppression.
&#9679 Most important risk factor for EBV driven PTLD is EBV seronegativity at time of transplantation. &#9679 95% are B cell, 5% are T cell. &#9679 Affects 5% of transplant patients (10% of children, 3% of adults), who have 50:1 relative risk for non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma.