Vasopressin has three main effects: 1  Increasing the water permeability of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct cells in the kidney, thus allowing water reabsorption and excretion of more concentrated urine, i.e., antidiuresis.
It can be caused by damage to the vagus nerve, which regulates the digestive system. A damaged vagus nerve prevents the muscles in the stomach and intestine from functioning, preventing food from moving through the digestive system properly. Often, the cause of gastroparesis is unknown.
A faulty valve. The main cause of acid reflux disease is a problem with the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle. This muscle, which is the âvalveâ between the stomach and the esophagus, normally closes tightly after food has passed through to the stomach. The LES does not stay closed in people with acid reflux disease. When this happens, acid and stomach contents may back up (reflux) into the esophagus. This acid backup can sometimes cause the painful, burning sensation known as heartburn or other symptoms.