Vegetation acts as an interface between the atmosphere and the soil. It increases the permeability of the soil to rainwater, thus decreasing runoff. It shelters the soil from winds, which results in decreased wind erosion, as well as advantageous changes in microclimate.
The shoulder is a ball-and-socket type of joint and is anatomically referred to as the gleno-humeral joint, describing the two bony structures involved. The socket is the glenoid cavity, a cup-shaped piece of bone that juts out from a corner of the shoulder blade (scapula).
The glenoid cavity is located on the lateral end of the scapula and forms the socket for the ball-and-socket shoulder joint. Many muscles attach to the scapula to move the shoulder, including the trapezius, deltoid, rhomboids, and the muscles of the rotator cuff. The humerus is the only bone of the upper arm. It is a long, large bone that extends from the scapula of the shoulder to the ulna and radius of the lower arm. The proximal end of the humerus, known as the head, is a round structure that forms the ball of the ball-and-socket shoulder joint.