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Overview. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is an unusual entity that has many features of an immune system malignancy. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid lineage cells (typically B cells, rarely non-B lineage) in a context of posttransplant immunosuppression.
Age: The prevalence of PTLD is highest in the pediatric age group (age 0-18 y). According to analysis of UNOS data, the relative risk (RR) in this age group is 2.81 compared with adult recipients. Some reports have suggested that prevalence is even higher in patients younger than 5 years.