Windsor Container. Summary: This article discusses how to use Inversion of Control and Dependency Injection, generic specialization, the decorator pattern, chains of responsibilities, and extensible software to build robust, extensible, working software.
The proof that man-made CO2 is causing global warming is like the chain of evidence in a court case. CO2 keeps the Earth warmer than it would be without it. Humans are adding CO2 to the atmosphere, mainly by burning fossil fuels.
Who is saying that all global warming periods have been caused by the same effect? So earlier warming periods may easily have been caused by different effects than the current one. In fact, most of the earlier global warming periods have been caused by a change in the sun's radiation. The current global warming however is mainly caused by man-made emissions of greenhouse gases. You can fracture your leg with skiing, but you can also fracture your leg if you fall down the stairs.