B. But due process has also come to include a notion known as substantive due process. Substantive due process is more akin to an absolute privilege, or immunity, or natural right that cannot be overridden or overturned by anyone. C. The most common reference to substantive and procedural due process in our
The extra money they get from these sales further subsidizes the local prices. This effect can be dramatic: The same unit of red blood cells might cost $220 in Los Angeles but only $150 in Des Moines. The system of blood distribution hasn't always relied on volunteer donors. Until the 1970s, a major portion of the nation's blood supply came from paid donors.
The authors also describe how the cost and risks related to blood transfusions have driven the search for alternatives to blood. A single blood unit costs approximately US$700 to US$1200. US patients receive transfusions of 24 million blood products (red blood cells, fresh-frozen plasma, and platelets) each year. However, patients who receive blood are at increased risk for infection, kidney failure, lung dysfunction, transfusion reactions, and many other health complications.