Bottom-up processing is not thought to be a very efficient way to approach a text initially, and is often contrasted with top-down processing, which is thought to be more efficient. Example. Asking learners to read aloud may encourage bottom-up processing because they focus on word forms, not meaning.
Had Titanic hit the iceberg head on, it is likely that there would be massive crushing of the fore part of the ship, which may have prolonged its end, since theoretically while it may have begun to go down by the bow, the center and aft compartments would have stayed dry for a longer period of time.
Had the Titanic proceeded ahead and turned, it is most likely that she would have avoided hitting the iceberg all together. The gash that the iceberg cut into the hull of the Titanic was between 220 to 245 feet long. The total length of the ship was approximately 882 feet. Though the damage in the hull was 220 to 245 feet long, the most recent evidence shows that there was only a 12 square foot opening (the size of a refrigerator) in the hull allowing water inside the ship. The watertight compartments of the Titanic's hull were not actually watertight.