So... hypertrophic facet sclerosis means that (some) joints in the spine look overgrown. And (since I'm guessing this was diagnosed via x-ray) the sclerosis refers to the extra whiteness that shows up on the x-ray in the area of those joints.o... hypertrophic facet sclerosis means that (some) joints in the spine look overgrown. And (since I'm guessing this was diagnosed via x-ray) the sclerosis refers to the extra whiteness that shows up on the x-ray in the area of those joints.
Other relevant reactions in the pathway include those in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation before the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation after it. In addition, it provides precursors for many compounds including some amino acids and is therefore functional even in cells performing fermentation.itrate synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction of the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of four-carbon oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon citrate.Oxaloacetate will be regenerated after the completion of one round of the Krebs Cycle. acetyl-CoA. Oxaloacetic acid.
The Role of NADH and FADH2. Glucose catabolism ends during the Krebs cycle. This does not mean that all of the energy previously contained in glucose was used in the production of ATP. In fact, only one additional ATP molecule (per molecule of pyruvate) is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation in the Krebs cycle. The balance of extracted energy is tied up in NADH and FADH 2. In the next phase of cellular respiration, the high-energy electrons within NADH and FADH 2 will be passed to a set of membrane-bound enzymes in the mitochondrion, collectively referred to as the electron transport chain. These electrons will provide energy to do work.