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ï§Carbon-based molecules are called organic compounds. ï§â¯By sharing electrons, carbon can ââ¯bond to four other atoms and ââ¯branch in up to four directions. ï§â¯compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. ï§â¯A carbon skeleton is a chain of carbon atoms that can be ââ¯branched or ââ¯unbranched.
Carbon-based life. Carbon is a key component of all known life on Earth. Complex molecules are made up of carbon bonded with other elements, especially oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. Carbon is abundant on Earth. It is also lightweight and relatively small in size, making it easier for enzymes to manipulate carbon molecules. It is frequently assumed in astrobiology that if life exists somewhere else in the universe, it will also be carbon-based. Critics refer to this assumption as carbon chauvinism.