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From there, blood makes its way to the Vena cava, the largest vein in the body to return to the heart. Portal hypertension describes elevated pressure within the portal system, including the portal vein and the tributary veins that drain into it.
Less common causes of portal hypertension and esophageal varices include blood clots in the veins leading to and from the liver and schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that can clog up the liver, causing pressure to back up in the portal vein.