In Munich and Bavaria, Fasching (as Carnival is called) begins on Epiphany (January 6), but in Cologne and the Rhineland it begins on November 11 at 11:11 AM. In France, it is celebrated only on the day before Ash Wednesday (thus Mardi Gras, Fat Tuesday).
Reconstruction refers to the period, generally dated from 1865 to 1877, during which the nationâs laws and Constitution were rewritten to guarantee the basic rights of the former slaves, and biracial governments came to power throughout the defeated Confederacy.
Labor Struggles in the Reconstruction Era. In the early years of Reconstruction, most blacks in rural areas of the South were left without land and forced to work as laborers on large white-owned farms and plantations in order to earn a living. Republican victory in the Congressional elections of 1866 led to the passage of the Reconstruction Acts in 1867, beginning a new phase of Reconstruction. During this period, the passage of the 14th and 15th amendments granted African Americans the right to vote, equality before the law and other rights of citizenship.