There are three types of genetic disorders: 1  Single-gene disorders, where a mutation affects one gene. Sickle cell anemia is an example. 2  Chromosomal disorders, where chromosomes (or parts of chromosomes) are missing or changed. Chromosomes are the structures that hold our genes. 3  Complex disorders, where there are mutations in two or more genes.
OSI model. The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to their underlying internal structure and technology. Its goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard protocols.
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture Model. The OSI model describes an idealized network communications protocol family. TCP/IP does not correspond to this model directly, as it either combines several OSI layers into a single layer, or does not use certain layers at all. The following table shows the layers of the Solaris implementation of TCP/IP, listed from topmost layer (application) to lowest (physical network).