By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Elephantiasis is a syndrome caused by infection with a nematode parasite called the filarial worm.The parasite is transmitted form human to human via the female mosquito and grows into an adult worm that lives in the lymphatic system of a human. Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the parasites Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, which live in the lymphatic system. 2  Another group of filarial worms including Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans occupy the serous cavity of the abdomen (serous cavity filariasis).
Most people with bipolar I or bipolar II will need mood stabilizers to control their manic or hypomanic episodes. If you have one of these forms of the condition, your doctor may prescribe one of the following mood stabilizers: 1  Tegretol (carbamazepine)  Depakote (divalproex sodium)
Lithium and the anticonvulsants carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and valproic acid are used as mood stabilizers to treat bipolar disorder. These mood stabilizers are used for long-term mood stabilization but have not demonstrated the ability to quickly treat acute bipolar depression. Lithium is preferred for long-term mood stabilization.