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This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the eastern Mediterranean empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided.
The combined effects of these cycles led to growing internal decay within the empire and growing tensions with the Italian city-states who were taking over more of the empire's trade. Along with these processes, events elsewhere were closing in on the Byzantines in the tenth and eleventh centuries.