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ï§Carbon-based molecules are called organic compounds. ï§â¯By sharing electrons, carbon can ââ¯bond to four other atoms and ââ¯branch in up to four directions. ï§â¯compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. ï§â¯A carbon skeleton is a chain of carbon atoms that can be ââ¯branched or ââ¯unbranched.
1 Carbon is the basis for organic chemistry, as it occurs in all living organisms. 2  Carbon is a nonmetal that can bond with itself and many other chemical elements, forming nearly ten million compounds. 3  Elemental carbon can take the form of one of the hardest substances (diamond) or one of the softest (graphite).