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From there, blood makes its way to the Vena cava, the largest vein in the body to return to the heart. Portal hypertension describes elevated pressure within the portal system, including the portal vein and the tributary veins that drain into it.
Esophageal varices are dilated blood vessels within the walls of the lower part of the esophagus that are prone to bleeding. They can appear in people with severe liver disease. A diseased liver can cause portal hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the portal vein. The portal vein supplies the liver with blood. Over time, this pressure causes blood vessels to grow, called collateral blood vessels. These vessels act as channels to divert the blood under high pressure.