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From there, blood makes its way to the Vena cava, the largest vein in the body to return to the heart. Portal hypertension describes elevated pressure within the portal system, including the portal vein and the tributary veins that drain into it.
The treatment of portal hypertension has evolved from anecdotal experience to therapies derived from well-developed studies. Current care is performed in a logical stepwise fashion. Portal hypertension is present when pressure in the portal venous system pressure exceeds 10 mmHg. Variceal bleeding only occurs when pressure rises above 12 mmHg. The elevated pressure causes pathophysiologic changes resulting in development of collateral pathways around the obstruction, splanchnic bed and eventually systemic hyperdynamic circulation.