The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the chloroplasts and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the DNA is not enclosed in a membranous envelope.
A program written in a compiled language is first translated to machine language by another program called a compiler. The compiler parses each statement in the program and outputs an equivalent sequence of machine or assembly instructions.
Machine code is binary data which can be executed directly by hardware in the CPU without any translation first. In reality the process might translate these instructions to optimise the code at runtime, however this is not a step you need to be aware of most of the time.