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ï§Carbon-based molecules are called organic compounds. ï§â¯By sharing electrons, carbon can ââ¯bond to four other atoms and ââ¯branch in up to four directions. ï§â¯compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. ï§â¯A carbon skeleton is a chain of carbon atoms that can be ââ¯branched or ââ¯unbranched.
The atoms of carbon can be bonded together in different ways, termed allotropes of carbon. The best known are graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon. The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form. For example, graphite is opaque and black while diamond is highly transparent.