Bile salts give stool its characteristic brown color. If there is decreased bile flow caused by a condition affecting your gallbladder, liver, or pancreas (such as cholecystitis, gallstones, giardia, hepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, or cirrhosis), there may be a lack of bile in stool, making them pale or clay colored.
The writer uses irony in the passage with the sense of purposes to it. This purposes includes, criticizing the adults, to sympathize the children and also to create a tragic situation in the passage. Firstly, the writer uses the technique irony to criticize the adult.
The writer uses both situational and verbal irony to gain sympathy for the character, Oliver, by making it tragically, to critise the adults and also, to create humour by making use of oxymoron in the passage. This henceforth reveals a bad opinionated impression of the writer towards adults who mistreat children.