Nash Equilibrium is a term used in game theory to describe an equilibrium where each player's strategy is optimal given the strategies of all other players.
Retaining rings are circular fasteners that fit over shafts or inside cylindrical products such as pipe. There are two main types: internal and external. Internal retaining rings have a diameter specified for the bore and groove sizes they will fit into. External retaining rings, also known as retaining rings for shafts, have a diameter specified for the shaft and groove sizes it fits around. Both industrial retaining ring types, also known as a retaining clip, have a thickness dimension. Measurements will be expressed in inch or millimeters. Retaining ring material varies based on application. Stainless steel retaining rings are made from one of the most common ring materials.
Types of reinforced concrete retaining walls are cantilever retaining walls and counterfort retaining walls. Functions and parts of these retaining walls are discussed. Retaining wall are generally used to retain earth or other material to maintain unequal levels on two faces. The material on the back face is called backfill. Retaining walls are used in the construction of basement below ground level, wing walls of bridge and to retain slopes in hilly terrain roads. Retaining wall can be constructed with masonry as well as reinforced concrete. In case of masonry retaining wall, the thickness of wall increases with height because masonry resists the lateral pressure by its weight. Thus it is also called gravity retaining wall.