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If that promotes the development of fast-twitch muscle fibres in growing foetuses, that could add to the Jamaican edge. The truth is, we donât have enough information to draw firm conclusions about the Jamaican dominance of sprinting. But there is good reason to dig deeper â and it has nothing to do with athletics. We now have evidence that extreme stress, heat, cold, malnutrition and pollution (including tobacco smoke) trigger changes in the way genes are activated or silenced.
(How Do Your Muscles Work continued) Thousands of thin spaghetti-like fibers make up muscle tissue. These fibers receive messages from the brain, causing the fibers to contract. The main muscles at work in cycling are the quadriceps and hamstrings in the upper leg, and the gastrocnemius and soleus in the calf. These muscles contract in a sequence that creates the pedaling action. The quadriceps and hamstrings do most of the work when you ride a bicycle.