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Abstract. A nonsense mutation occurs when a sense codon, one that codes for an amino acid, is changed to one of the chainâtermination codons, UAG, UAA or UGA. A nonsense suppressor can result from a second mutation affecting the translational apparatus. This mutation enables the cell to insert an amino acid in response to the nonsense codon, resulting in a wildâtype or near wildâtype phenotype. Some suppressor mutations change the anticodon of a transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) such that it can pair with the nonsense codon.
A frameshift mutation is an insertion or deletion of one or two bases (not 3!) that screws up translation, because it sets the remaining protein-coding codons out of frame with the translation machinery. Both of these mutations result in truncated, and abnormal proteins.