By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Elephantiasis is a syndrome caused by infection with a nematode parasite called the filarial worm.The parasite is transmitted form human to human via the female mosquito and grows into an adult worm that lives in the lymphatic system of a human. Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the parasites Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, which live in the lymphatic system. 2  Another group of filarial worms including Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans occupy the serous cavity of the abdomen (serous cavity filariasis).
Most people with bipolar I or bipolar II will need mood stabilizers to control their manic or hypomanic episodes. If you have one of these forms of the condition, your doctor may prescribe one of the following mood stabilizers: 1  Tegretol (carbamazepine)  Depakote (divalproex sodium)
Treatment for bipolar mania may include lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. Many people who have bipolar disorder keep taking these medications for years or decades after their last manic episode to stay healthy. This is called maintenance therapy for bipolar disorder. During a period of bipolar depression, you might need other medications. Lithium and other mood stabilizers, certain antipsychotic drugs that treat bipolar depression, and sometimes antidepressants are used to treat bipolar depression. For mania, depression, or maintenance, these drugs might be used alone or in combinations.