The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the chloroplasts and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the DNA is not enclosed in a membranous envelope.
A program written in a compiled language is first translated to machine language by another program called a compiler. The compiler parses each statement in the program and outputs an equivalent sequence of machine or assembly instructions.
Assembly language is one level above machine language. It uses short mnemonic codes for instructions and allows the programmer to introduce names for blocks of memory that hold data. One might thus write âadd pay, totalâ instead of â0110101100101000â for an instruction that adds two numbers.