So... hypertrophic facet sclerosis means that (some) joints in the spine look overgrown. And (since I'm guessing this was diagnosed via x-ray) the sclerosis refers to the extra whiteness that shows up on the x-ray in the area of those joints.o... hypertrophic facet sclerosis means that (some) joints in the spine look overgrown. And (since I'm guessing this was diagnosed via x-ray) the sclerosis refers to the extra whiteness that shows up on the x-ray in the area of those joints.
Other relevant reactions in the pathway include those in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation before the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation after it. In addition, it provides precursors for many compounds including some amino acids and is therefore functional even in cells performing fermentation.itrate synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction of the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of four-carbon oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon citrate.Oxaloacetate will be regenerated after the completion of one round of the Krebs Cycle. acetyl-CoA. Oxaloacetic acid.
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Definition. The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a series of chemical reactions in the cell that breaks down food molecules into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. In plants and animals (eukaryotes), these reactions take place in the matrix of the mitochondria of the cell as part of cellular respiration. Many bacteria perform the citric acid cycle too, though they do not have mitochondria so the reactions take place in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells. In bacteria (prokaryotes), the plasma membrane of the cell is used to provide the proton gradient to produce ATP.