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From there, blood makes its way to the Vena cava, the largest vein in the body to return to the heart. Portal hypertension describes elevated pressure within the portal system, including the portal vein and the tributary veins that drain into it.
Variceal hemorrhage is the most common complication associated with portal hypertension. Almost 90% of patients with cirrhosis develop varices, and approximately 30% of varices bleed. The estimated mortality rate for the first episode of variceal hemorrhage is 30-50%.