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1 Ratio of the salt to the acid or base. 2  The buffer capacity is optimal when the ratio is 1:1; that is, when pH = pKa. 3  Total buffer concentration. 4  For example, it will take more acid or base to deplete a 0.5 M buffer than a 0.05 M buffer.
The buffer capacity is also greatest when the concentrations of the conjugate acid and base are equal. In this case pH buffer = pK a. and the buffer is positioned in the middle of its buffering range. The pH range in which a buffer solution is effective is generally considered to be Â±1 of the pK a value.