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1 Ratio of the salt to the acid or base. 2  The buffer capacity is optimal when the ratio is 1:1; that is, when pH = pKa. 3  Total buffer concentration. 4  For example, it will take more acid or base to deplete a 0.5 M buffer than a 0.05 M buffer.
How to use. Type the desired pH into the first cell, and type the intended buffer strength (in millimoles per liter) in the second cell. Press the calculate button, and the approximate percentages of anhydrous citric acid and sodium citrate dihydrate will be displayed in %weight/volume.