Surfactant is a complex substance containing phospholipids and a number of apoproteins. This essential fluid is produced by the Type II alveolar cells, and lines the alveoli and smallest bronchioles. Surfactant reduces surface tension throughout the lung, thereby contributing to its general compliance. It is also important because it stabilizes the alveoli.
Stagnant anoxia occurs when there is interference with the blood flow, although the blood and its oxygen-carrying abilities are normal. A common cause of general stagnant anoxia is heart disease or interference with the return of blood flow through the veins.
Hypoxia is a decreased level of oxygen in all or part of your body, such as your brain. Some conditions can cause hypoxia to occur suddenly. Other conditions may cause hypoxia to occur over time. Hypoxia may be caused by any of the following: 1  Travel to a high altitude. 2  Near drowning or choking. 3  Carbon monoxide poisoning.  Exposure to cold for a long period of 1  time. Severe anemia.  Chronic lung disease, such as 1  emphysema. Congestive heart failure.