The establishment of the festival was initiated by President VÃ¡clav Havel, who opened Prague Castle to artists at the beginning of the 1990s in order to attract the public. The first performance of Shakespeare took place here in 1990 and the festival has been held here regularly since 1998.
1 A black dwarf is a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently such that it no longer emits any visible light. 2  A brown dwarf is a substellar object not massive enough to ever fuse hydrogen into helium, but still massive enough to fuse deuterium âless than about 0.08 solar masses and more than about 13 Jupiter masses.
A white dwarf is a star composed of electron-degenerate matter, thought to be the final stage in the evolution of stars not massive enough to collapse into a neutron star or undergo a Type II supernovaâstars less massive than roughly 9 solar masses.