S Your new gas furnace may have been installed in one of two. ways, as a direct-vent (2-pipe-Fig. 2) application or as a. non-direct vent (1-pipe-Fig. 3) application. S In a direct-vent (2-pipe) application,your furnace uses air. from outside the home for combustion and ventsflue gas to the. outdoors.
For the biological concept, see Anti-predator adaptation. A defence mechanism is an unconscious psychological mechanism that reduces anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful stimuli. Sigmund Freud was one of the first proponents of this construct.
The second line of defence is the enterpriseâs compliance and risk functions that provide independent oversight of the risk management activities of the first line of defence. The compliance and risk functions may have their own management and governance committees that are part of the ERM framework, or they may have direct reporting lines into appropriate ERM framework structures.