Black has represented hardships as well as strength for overcoming those hardships, and gold is for the sun shining on Jamaica. History of the Jamaican Flag. After gaining independence from the British West Indies in 1962, Jamaica launched a national competition to find the design for their new national flag. Of many designs submitted, the gold saltire, or X, beat out various striped flags in the same color scheme.
Detective quantum efficiency. The detective quantum efficiency (often abbreviated as DQE) is a measure of the combined effects of the signal (related to image contrast) and noise performance of an imaging system, generally expressed as a function of spatial frequency.
The methylmalonic acid (MMA) test may be used to help diagnose an early or mild vitamin B12 deficiency. It may be ordered by itself or along with a homocysteine test as a follow-up to a vitamin B12 test result that is in the lower end of the normal range. MMA is a substance produced in very small amounts in the body.MA is usually ordered, sometimes along with a homocysteine test, when a vitamin B12 test result is in the lower portion of the normal range, especially when a person has symptoms associated with B12 deficiency. Signs and symptoms of B12 deficiency may include: 1  Diarrhea. 2  Dizziness. 3  Fatigue, muscle weakness.