Surfactant is a complex substance containing phospholipids and a number of apoproteins. This essential fluid is produced by the Type II alveolar cells, and lines the alveoli and smallest bronchioles. Surfactant reduces surface tension throughout the lung, thereby contributing to its general compliance. It is also important because it stabilizes the alveoli.
Stagnant anoxia occurs when there is interference with the blood flow, although the blood and its oxygen-carrying abilities are normal. A common cause of general stagnant anoxia is heart disease or interference with the return of blood flow through the veins.
There are four types of anoxia, but each can cause the same serious damage to the brain. 1  Anemic anoxia. This form of anoxia results from blood that cannot carry sufficient oxygen to the brain. 2  Toxic anoxia. This form of anoxia is caused by toxins in the system that prevent the bloodâs oxygen from being used efficiently. 3  Stagnant anoxia.