Black has represented hardships as well as strength for overcoming those hardships, and gold is for the sun shining on Jamaica. History of the Jamaican Flag. After gaining independence from the British West Indies in 1962, Jamaica launched a national competition to find the design for their new national flag. Of many designs submitted, the gold saltire, or X, beat out various striped flags in the same color scheme.
Detective quantum efficiency. The detective quantum efficiency (often abbreviated as DQE) is a measure of the combined effects of the signal (related to image contrast) and noise performance of an imaging system, generally expressed as a function of spatial frequency.
Isosthenuria (urine SG 1.080 - 1.012) is defined as the renal production of urine which is equal to the specific gravity of blood plasma (normal urine specific gravity is 1.020 - 1.040). In cats, isosthenuria usually reflects renal tubular damage, as is seen in cases of lily toxicity and amyloidosis. This is in contradistinction to hyposthenuria seen in diabetes mellitus and chronic renal disease, where the urine has an abnormally low specific gravity. 1  DiBartola SP et al (1987) Clinicopathologic findings associated with chronic renal disease in cats: 74 cases (1973-1984).