The friction factor is affected by variations of fluid physical properties caused by variations in temperature and by the action of buoyancy forces. In rough channels the hydraulic resistance increases due to formation of vortices at the roughness elements leading to additional loss of flow specific energy. Three types of roughness can be distinguished: Natural roughness, which is formed as a result of long operation of pipelines.
Erosion by Glaciers. Like flowing water, flowing ice erodes the land and deposits the material elsewhere. Glaciers cause erosion in two main ways: plucking and abrasion. Both are illustrated at this link: [Insert a link to an animation showing how glaciers cause erosion by plucking and erosion.] Plucking is the process by which rocks and other sediments are picked up by a glacier.
Describe ways in which moving water can carve a landscape. Runoff moving downslope can carve chanels. A stream carrying particles causes rubing and weathering also known as abrasion. A flood can deposit soils in the floodplane, changing the landscape.akes form in a variety of ways when a natural depression fills with water. The lake must have a source of water that is greater than the outflow and evaporation. It must be on earth that does not allow too much water to infiltrate.