Surfactant is a complex substance containing phospholipids and a number of apoproteins. This essential fluid is produced by the Type II alveolar cells, and lines the alveoli and smallest bronchioles. Surfactant reduces surface tension throughout the lung, thereby contributing to its general compliance. It is also important because it stabilizes the alveoli.
Stagnant anoxia occurs when there is interference with the blood flow, although the blood and its oxygen-carrying abilities are normal. A common cause of general stagnant anoxia is heart disease or interference with the return of blood flow through the veins.
Brain damage caused by lack of oxygen falls into two different categories: anoxia and hypoxia. Hypoxia occurs when the infant is deprived of the adequate amount of oxygen, leading to mild to moderate brain damage. Apoxia occurs when the infant undergoes a total lack of oxygen, which can lead to severe brain damage. Both hypoxia and anoxia can lead to cerebral palsy and a host of other medical disorders. The most common reasons infants are deprived of adequate oxygen at birth include: 1  Umbilical Cord Problems: A twisted, prolapsed, or knotted umbilical cord can cut off an infantâs oxygen supply at the most critical moments of their lives.