Kazakhstan is a bilingual country. The Kazakh language has the status of the state language, while Russian is declared the official language. Russian is used routinely in business; 64.4% of the population speaks the Kazakh language.
Known as caribou in North America, the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a charismatic and hardy species that inhabits the northern reaches of the planet. While the reindeer may occur as a number of different subspecies throughout its range, all are superbly adapted to a life in the extreme conditions of the north.
Caribou have large, concave hoofs that spread widely to support the animal in snow and soft tundra. The feet also function as paddles when caribou swim. Caribou are the only member of the deer family (Cervidae) in which both sexes grow antlers. Antlers of adult bulls are large and massive; those of adult cows are much shorter and are usually more slender and irregular.