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Cells are later taken from the new sample and stained. The laboratory specialist uses a microscope to examine the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in the cell sample. The stained sample is photographed to show the arrangement of the chromosomes. This is called a karyotype. Certain problems can be identified through the number or arrangement of the chromosomes.
A karyotype is the most common way of analyzing a person's chromosomes. It can be done on any human tissue, but is most often done on blood, skin, amniotic fluid, or chorionic villi. Cells are taken to the lab, grown or cultured, put on slides, photographed, and analyzed.