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Moro reflex. The Moro reflex is often called a startle reflex because it usually occurs when a baby is startled by a loud sound or movement. In response to the sound, the baby throws back his or her head, extends out the arms and legs, cries, then pulls the arms and legs back in. A baby's own cry can startle him or her and trigger this reflex. This reflex lasts about 5 to 6 months. Tonic neck reflex. When a baby's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow.
Ear movement is common in many mammals, including cats, dogs and horses, and usually serves to swivel the ear towards the direction of a sound. A group of muscles called the auriculares are responsible for this movement. This group includes: the auricularis anterior, which draws the ear up and forward; the auricularis superior, which raises it; and the auricularis posterior, which pulls it backwards.