Demosthenes had five triremes and their complements of soldiers as a garrison, and was reinforced by 40 hoplites from a Messenian ship that happened to stop at Pylos.
Individual codons code for specific amino acids. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides along a DNA strand-with 'start' and 'stop' codons and other regulatory elements-that specifies a sequence of amino acids that are linked together to form a protein.
The lacZ gene is a gene present in E. coli that encodes the protein beta-galactosidase. Beta-galactosidase is an enzyme that is essential for the breakdown of lactose as it cleaves a bond between the two carbon rings in lactose to produce glucose and galactose.