British Census Commissioners in 1841 had declared the population of Ireland to be 8,175,124. During the Famine years, 1845-50, Ireland's population declined in the millions due to deaths from starvation and disease and from mass emigration to North America and England.
Located at the rear of the abdominal cavity in the retroperitoneal space, the kidneys receive blood from the paired renal arteries, and drain into the paired renal veins. Each kidney excretes urine into a ureter which empties into the bladder. Renal physiology is the study of kidney function, while nephrology is the medical specialty concerned with kidney diseases. Diseases of the kidney are diverse, but individuals with kidney disease frequently display characteristic clinical features.
When chronic kidney disease progresses to end stage renal disease (stage 5 kidney disease), patients will need dialysis to help clear the blood of toxins and fluid usually processed by the kidneys.The two main dialysis modalities are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.emodialysis involves using a machine that circulates your blood through a filter to help remove fluid and waste. Hemodialysis is most frequently done in a dialysis unit three times a week for three to four hours each time. Dialysis staff will monitor your dialysis while you are on the machine.