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Neuroglia, also called glial cell or glia, any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons. The term neuroglia means ânerve glue.â In 1907 Italian biologist Emilio Lugaro suggested that neuroglial cells exchange substances with the extracellular fluid and in this way exert control on the neuronal environment.
Glial cells, sometimes called neuroglia or simply glia (Greek Î³Î»Î¿Î¯Î± glue; pronounced in English as either /ËÉ¡liËÉ/ or /ËÉ¡laÉªÉ/), are non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.n general, neuroglial cells are smaller than neurons; there are about 86 billion neurons and 85 billion nonneuronal (glial) cells in the human male brain. Glial cells comprise about half the total volume of the brain and spinal cord.