Once released, BNP binds to and activates the atrial natriuretic factor receptor NPRA, and to a lesser extent NPRB, in a fashion similar to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) but with 10-fold lower affinity.
The GTP layer for the control plane (GTP-C) tunnels signaling messages between GSNs in the GPRS backbone network.The GTP-C enables several procedures to be performed through the GPRS backbone network, including path management, tunnel management, location management, and mobility management.he GTP layer for the control plane (GTP-C) tunnels signaling messages between GSNs in the GPRS backbone network.
Loop-start signaling is a supervisory signaling technique that provides a way to indicate on-hook and off-hook conditions in a voice network. Loop-start signaling is used primarily when the telephone set is connected to a switch.his paper discusses the signaling techniques required to control voice transmission. These signaling techniques can be placed into one of three categories; supervision, addressing, or alerting.