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Cilia are slender, microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface of nearly all mammalian cells (multiple or single). They are primordial. The ciliary apparatus is connected to cell cycle progression and proliferation, and cilia play a vital part in human and animal development and in everyday life.
Cilia. 1  Cilia are small hair-like extensions that function in movement of the cell or movement of materials over the surface of the cell. 2  Cilia of Paramecium beat rhythmically to move the organism through the water and lining the oral groove the cilia move food substances to the base where food vacuoles form.ood vacuoles. 1  Food vacuoles are vacuoles (membrane compartments) that function as the sites for storage and digestion of food substances. 2  The cilia along the oral groove move food substances to its base where they are surrounded by plasma membrane and moved into the cytoplasm (endocytosis) as food vacuoles.