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What causes ocean currents? Ocean currents result from two processes - the action of wind on the surface of the water, and from variation in water temperature that causes movement- a process known as convection. Convection occurs because the oceanic waters heat up becoming less dense. This water moves above the cooler water, and give off its heat to the surrounding environment. As it cools, it begins to sink, and the process begins again. Convection results in the continual circulation of ocean water on a global scale.
As these currents mix the oceans surface and deep waters, they help replenish the oxygen in the water. Other Causes of Currents. Other causes of currents include tides, rain, runoff, and ocean bottom topography. Topography is the surface features of a place.urface ocean currents are mainly caused by wind. The winds that most affect the oceans' currents are: The Role of Density. Differences in water density affect vertical ocean currents (movement of surface ocean water to the bottom of the ocean and movement of deep ocean water to the surface).