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I'm not sure what the mechanism is, but the nurse is only partially right. An increase in pCO2 causes vasoconstriction in the pulmonary vasculature and vasodilation EVERYWHERE else. CO2 causes constriction in the pulmonary vasculature because an increase in pC02 sends the message there is damage/shunting here, sending blood here will not effectively oxygenate it so blood is preferentially sent to a different part of the lung where it will receive better oxygenation.
The precise mechanism of liver fluke infection causing CCA (cholangiocarcinogenesis) is also not known. OV produces mechanical injury to the biliary epithelia by attachment with suckers, inflammation caused by OV and mitogenic factors secreted by OV to help the biliary epithelial cells transform to CCA[ ].e confirmed that the presence of the antibody against OV significantly increased the risk for CCA; odds ratio (OR) = 27.09 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.30-116.57]. The results confirmed the previously reported data by Parkin et al[ ]. In addition, we found that alcohol drinking is another risk factor for CCA.