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The extra red blood cells make your blood thicker than normal. As a result, blood clots can form more easily. These clots can block blood flow through your arteries and veins, which can cause a heart attack or stroke. Thicker blood also doesn't flow as quickly to your body as normal blood.
Numerous diseases including bladder outlet obstruction, hemorrhagic cystitis and amyloidosis disease cause thickening in the bladder. Common symptoms include painful and frequent urination, incontinence and blood in the urine.