Upregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the rat cochlea following noise. Pharmacologic manipulation of the labyrinth with novel and traditional agents delivered to the inner ear.
Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel slavery that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries after it gained independence and before the end of the American Civil War.he United States was polarized over the issue of slavery, represented by the slave and free states divided by the MasonâDixon line, which separated free Pennsylvania from slave Maryland and Delaware.
Abolitionism in the United States was the movement of the American Civil War to end slavery, whether formal or informal, in the United States. In the Americas and Western Europe, abolitionism was a historical movement to end the African slave trade and set slaves free.Later, in the 17th century, English Quakers and evangelical religious groups condemned slavery (by then applied mostly to Africans) as un-Christian.In the 18th century, abolition was part of the message of the First Great Awakening in the Thirteen Colonies.fter the American Revolution established the United States, northern states, beginning with Pennsylvania in 1780, passed legislation during the next two decades abolishing slavery, sometimes by gradual emancipation.