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Kohlerâs disease is a rare condition in which the tarsal navicular bone (a bone in the arch of the foot) becomes inflamed. This bone disease is named after the German radiologist who described the condition in the early twentieth century. Kohlerâs disease usually affects children between the ages of three and five. It occurs more commonly in boys than in girls, and is often unilateral, affecting one foot. It is described as an avascular necrosis, or osteonecrosis, in which bone tissue deteriorates due to an interruption of blood supply.
Spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA, is an inherited condition that causes nerve cells in the lower part of the brain and spinal cord to break down and die. When this happens, the brain stops sending signals to the body's muscles. Type III, also called Kugelberg-Welander disease or juvenile spinal muscular atrophy, begins to affect kids as early as 18 months of age or as late as adolescence. 2  This is the mildest form of SMA in children.