Immune system diseases (If you have kidney disease due to lupus, your doctor will call it lupus nephritis.) Long-lasting viral illnesses, such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Pyelonephritis, a urinary tract infections within the kidneys, which can result in scarring as the infection heals.
By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Nicotine has strong mood altering effects and can act on the brain as both a stimulant and a relaxant. Once within the bloodstream, nicotine may circulate around the body until it reaches the brain.
Nicotine can stain the lips, causing them to appear darker or more coloured. Nicotine can cause vasoconstriction, and the carbon monoxide in smoke binds to hemoglobin reducing the oxygen content of the blood - if severe, these could cause a bluish tinge which might make skin look darker. Smoking is associated a loss of sensitivity to insulin.