This is how the federal government began to remake itself into a national, wartime force. The Civil War and its wartime Congresses gave birth to many of the pillars of the modern federal government. The government sold bonds for the first time and Congress approved the first national banking system. The Agriculture Department was born to help farmers.
A stove kettle is generally less energy efficient than an electric kettle. Misconceptions and debates abound on the issue of whether an electric kettle or a stove-top kettle is more efficient at boiling water. The answer depends on your stoveâs efficiency, your electric kettleâs efficiency and the types of efficiency that concern you. Generally electric kettles seem to be the most energy efficient, but the most cost-efficient method may be a gas stove, depending on local prices.
378kJ to boil a liter of water is rather more energy than you might think. An energy-efficient lamp rated at 10 watts uses 10 joules of energy every second (because 1 watt means using one joule per second), so it would take it 37,800 secondsâabout 10.5 hoursâto use as much energy as our kettle uses in a single boil!