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Small-scale mutations. 1  Point mutation â a change in one base in the DNA sequence. 2  Substitution â when one or more bases in the sequence is replaced by the same number of bases (for example, a cytosine substituted for an adenine).3  Inversion â when a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.arge-scale mutations. 1  Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of mutation where large chunks of DNA are inserted, repeated or lost. 2  These regions of DNA can be between 10,000 and 5,000,000 bases long. 3  Duplication of genes. 4  When there is an increase in the number of copies of a gene.
The hereditary diseases list is an endless one. However in this article, you can find a few genetic disease examples. Advertisement. Hereditary diseases, also known as inherited diseases or genetic disorders, are diseases that are passed on from one generation to another through defective genes.These diseases are transmitted in the same family.here is a specific pattern of inheritance of genes in autosomal dominant diseases. The offspring inherits a copy of normal gene and mutant gene from its parents. Either of the parents may often suffer from a disease and thus the abnormal gene is passed on to the child.