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In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter âa chemical released by nerve cells to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine systems, one of which plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior.
In a third study, researchers examined the effects of lithium on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, which is neuronal death caused by excessive amounts of glutamate, the brainâs most prevalent neurotransmitter. 4 This phenomenon has been strongly implicated in the origin of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia.