Some rongeurs, such as the Casper pituitary rongeur (Photo 10), have ser-rated jaws to help remove disc and tissue. Micro-disectomy procedures require the use of a microscope, and three rongeurs are commonly used in these procedures to remove disc tissue: the micro straight pituitary rongeur (Photo 11), the Peapod pituitary rongeur (Photo 12), and the Mi-
The currency of Mali is called the West African CFA Franc.
The caravans of gold made the Mali Empire a celebrated name far beyond West Africa. The caravan routes met at Niani and other staging posts, and their protection was a major function of the empire. Gold, salt, copper, and kola nuts were central to Maliâs economy. Following the reign of Sunjata, Mali became the worldâs largest producer of gold.