dismaynoun [ U ] uk â /dÉªËsmeÉª/ us â /dÉªËsmeÉª/. C2 a feeling of unhappiness and disappointment: Aid workers were said to have been filled with dismay by the appalling conditions that the refugees were living in. The fans watched in/with dismay as their team lost 42â11.
A wide range of diseases and conditions can damage the liver and lead to cirrhosis. The most common causes are: 1  Chronic alcohol abuse. 2  Chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C)  Fat accumulating in the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)
Two of the most common causes of cirrhosis of the liver are long-term excessive alcohol consumption and hepatitis C, but a number of other conditions also lead to liver damage and cirrhosis. Hepatitis B is an important cause of cirrhosis worldwide and increasingly among migrants from endemic areas in Asia, Africa, Pacific Island and Mediterranean countries.