The methods of standardization or calibration employed have much in common even in the cases that appear most diverse.
The joule (/ËdÊuËl/), symbol J, is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units. It is equal to the energy transferred (or work done) to an object when a force of one newton acts on that object in the direction of its motion through a distance of one metre (1 newton metre or NÂ·m).
It is customary to express temperature as energy in units of electronvolts (eV) or kiloelectronvolts (keV). The energy, which has a different dimension from temperature, is then calculated as the product of the Boltzmann constant and temperature, E = k B T {\displaystyle E=k_{B}T} .