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The proton motive force arises from a combination of the concentration gradient of protons and a voltage gradient across the membrane (the protons are positively charged, so an imbalance of protons means that the side of the membrane with more protons has a positive charge relative to the side with fewer protons).
The proton is a subatomic particle, symbol p or p+ , with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and mass slightly less than that of a neutron. Protons and neutrons, each with mass approximately one atomic mass unit, are collectively referred to as  nucleons . One or more protons are present in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons in the nucleus is referred to as its atomic number. Since each element has a unique number of protons, each element has its own unique atomic number. The word proton is Greek for first, and this name was given to the hydrogen nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1920. In previous years Rutherford had discovered that the hydrogen nucleus (known to be the lightest nucleus) could be extracted from the nuclei of nitrogen by collision.