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The proton motive force arises from a combination of the concentration gradient of protons and a voltage gradient across the membrane (the protons are positively charged, so an imbalance of protons means that the side of the membrane with more protons has a positive charge relative to the side with fewer protons).
The electrochemical potential difference between the two sides of the membrane in mitochondria, chloroplasts, bacteria and other membranous compartments that engage in active transport involving proton pumps, is at times called a chemiosmotic potential or proton motive force (see chemiosmosis).