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Formic acid is a chemical that is both naturally occurring and frequently synthesized in laboratories. In nature, it is most commonly found in the bites and stings of insects, namely ants and bees.It is this compound that causes most of the irritation that occurs immediately following an ant bite or a bee sting.ecause of its natural antibacterial properties, formic acid has achieved very high use as both an antibacterial preservative and pesticide. In this industry, it is most commonly used as a food additive, and is frequently added to animal feed and silage. When it is used in silage, it serves a dual function.
Chemical structure and properties. The chemical formula of formic acid is HCOOH, and it is a planar molecule. Formic acid is a colourless, fuming liquid that is miscible with water. In the vapor phase, it consists of hydrogen bonded dimers (see picture, right) rather than individual molecules.oseph Gay-Lussac. Formic acid is also present in a natural state in stinging nettles, and is is reponsible for the burning feeling on contact with them. It is also found in the stings and bites of many insects, including bees and ants, which use it as a chemical defence mechanism.