By Mayo Clinic Staff. Cystitis (sis-TIE-tis) is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it's called a urinary tract infection (UTI).
However, an appellate court retains control over an appeal until it issues a mandate and the decision is not final until a mandate is issued. Thus, the lower court order remains in effect until the mandate is issued.[ii] A mandate is effective when it is issued. The duty to issue a mandate is the responsibility of the court clerk who must execute certain established procedures which themselves constitute the issuance of the mandate.
The Individual Mandate. At the core of the Affordable Care Act is the âindividual mandate.â This requires everyone to have health insurance. This is a topic of debate and legal challenges. The mandate is intended as a way to allow for universal healthcare coverage while keeping the cost of that care affordable. Under this provision, everyone must have health insurance on their own, through an employer or from a government program. Anyone without coverage will have to pay a penalty.