Internet-Only Manuals (IOMs) The Internet-only Manuals (IOMs) are a replica of the Agency's official record copy. They are CMS' program issuances, day-to-day operating instructions, policies, and procedures that are based on statutes, regulations, guidelines, models, and directives.
In 1905, Mogridge created the first crude protective head gear and was granted patent No. 780899 for a head protector.. This first attempt at a batting helmet was said to look like an inflatable boxing glove that wrapped around the hitters head..
Football was a brutal sport before the introduction of helmets and other protective gear. Serious injuries and even deaths were common occurrences in the game. Harvard's All-American center, John Cranston, was the first player to wear equipment to protect his face during an American football game. In order to protect Cranston's weak nose, Harvard captain and 1889 All-American Arthur Cumnock invented a device that he called nose armor.