So how many stars are there in the Universe? It is easy to ask this question, but difficult for scientists to give a fair answer! Stars are not scattered randomly through space, they are gathered together into vast groups known as galaxies. The Sun belongs to a galaxy called the Milky Way.
Reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a collective term that describes the chemical species that are formed upon incomplete reduction of oxygen and includes the superoxide anion (O 2â), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and the hydroxyl radical (HO â¢).racking pathway outputs and physiological function is key to establishing the exact nature of the chemical(s) that are sensed, the knowledge of which is essential to understand the specificity of a redox mechanism. accordingly, not all redox-regulatory mechanisms fit this definition of a ROS homeostatic pathway.