3703 Jefferson Pike. Jefferson, Md. 301-473-5784. Jefferson Pastry Shoppe. 3738 Jefferson Pike. Jefferson, Md. 21755. 301-473-8258. Jefferson Ruritan Club-registered owner of the JeffersonMd.net domain; primary sponsor and operator this web and its sub webs.
The proton motive force arises from a combination of the concentration gradient of protons and a voltage gradient across the membrane (the protons are positively charged, so an imbalance of protons means that the side of the membrane with more protons has a positive charge relative to the side with fewer protons).
And that's why the long search for a high-energy chemical intermediate (a molecule able to transfer the energy from the oxidation of glucose to form ATP) was doomed to failure. In place of such an intermediate, Mitchell proposed a proton gradient across a membrane: the proton motive force (Mitchell 1961).