The income per capita in Phoenix is 16% lower than the national average. The median household income in Phoenix is 12% lower than the national average. Male median earnings are 41% higher than female median earnings. The unemployment rate in Phoenix is 11% higher than the national average. The poverty level in Phoenix is 49% higher than the national average.
One major internal environmental influence that affects gene expression is gender, as is the case with sex-influenced and sex-limited traits. Similarly, drugs, chemicals, temperature, and light are among the external environmental factors that can determine which genes are turned on and off, thereby influencing the way an organism develops and functions.
Both general environmental variance and genotype by environment interaction are aspects of a characteristic known as phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity is a change in the phenotype associated with a given genotype in response to different environmental conditions. Some researchers believe that genotype by environment interaction provides the best estimate of the potential for phenotypic plasticity to evolve.