HD is called an autosomal dominant disorder because only one copy of the defective gene, inherited from one parent, is necessary to produce the disease. The genetic defect responsible for HD is a small sequence of DNA on chromosome 4 in which several base pairs are repeated many, many times.
Carbon dioxide cannot pass through the protective waxy layer covering the leaf (cuticle), but it can enter the leaf through an opening (the stoma; plural = stomata; Greek for hole) flanked by two guard cells. Likewise, oxygen produced during photosynthesis can only pass out of the leaf through the opened stomata.
When the carbon in  the fuel is burnt with oxygen from the atmosphere, the energy that  was used in photosynthesis is released and carbon dioxide is  re-formed.    Coal, oil, and natural gas are fossil fuel. When they are used they  are gone forever.