Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Digger bees are sometimes classified in the family Anthophoridae along with the carpenter bees. These hairy bees range from 5 to 25 mm in length and, like other members of this family, the females use scopae (stiff hairs) to carry pollen. Most species nest in the ground or in vertical banks, often in sandy soil. Some species waterproof their brood cells with secreted waxy or oily material.
1 Honey bees (at least the females) have a much more pointed abdomen than bumble bees. 2  Although a male honey bee has a rounded abdomen, you will rarely see one outside of the hive. 3  Honey bees have an obvious wasp-waist, while bumble bees are thicker through the middle. 4  The veination of the wings is different.he different species of bumble bee have different colors and they are different sizes as well. Some are quite large, some much smaller. Both bumble bees and honey bees have hair, but bumble bees are robustly hairy: scary hairy. The hairs cover most parts of the bee from the head to the tip of the abdomen.