Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Two groups of ground nesting bees commonly. found in Michigan are bumble bees and. burrower (andrenid) bees. Bumble bees are. easily recognized by their large, robust, hairy, black and yellow (sometimes orange) bodies. Bumble bees live in colonies of several. hundred individuals, but only the queens.
Carpenter bees ... the most common species are in the genus Xylocopa, which resemble bumble bees, except that these carpenter bees have a relatively smooth abdomen and bumble bees have very hairy abdomens. Carpenter bees dig holes in dead wood where they lay eggs and provision them with nectar and pollen.