Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Digger bees are sometimes classified in the family Anthophoridae along with the carpenter bees. These hairy bees range from 5 to 25 mm in length and, like other members of this family, the females use scopae (stiff hairs) to carry pollen. Most species nest in the ground or in vertical banks, often in sandy soil. Some species waterproof their brood cells with secreted waxy or oily material.
See the narrow bands on the honey bee abdomens below. Honey bees have narrow stripes on their abdomens which are yellow, gold, tan, brown, gray, or black. Bumble bees have wide bands of color that range from black to orange, tan, yellow, and white, and the bands start at the head and go all the way back.he different species of bumble bee have different colors and they are different sizes as well. Some are quite large, some much smaller. Both bumble bees and honey bees have hair, but bumble bees are robustly hairy: scary hairy. The hairs cover most parts of the bee from the head to the tip of the abdomen.