Secondary stress. A secondary stress is any stress in the structure which is not a primary stress or peak stress. Source: API SPEC 16R, Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings, Exploration and Production Department, First Edition, January 1997. Global Standards.
Digger bees are sometimes classified in the family Anthophoridae along with the carpenter bees. These hairy bees range from 5 to 25 mm in length and, like other members of this family, the females use scopae (stiff hairs) to carry pollen. Most species nest in the ground or in vertical banks, often in sandy soil. Some species waterproof their brood cells with secreted waxy or oily material.
Different Types Of Honey Bees. Honey bees are not the same as bumble bees, wasps or yellow jackets. The scientific name for the honey bee that we have in America is Apis mellifera. Apis mellifera is actually one of eight species of honey bees. This is slightly incorrect in that a honey bee carries nectar not honey, but the name still stands. Apis mellifera is a species of honey bee but within that species there are races. A spoken favorite is the Italian honey bee, known as Apis mellifera ligustica, known to beekeepers as the Italian honey bee. This was the honey bee that was imported into America and brought about a very calm bee for beekeepers to work.