The mixture of molten rock, crystals and dissolved gases from the mantle is called magma. When magma erupts to the Earth's surface, it is called lava. Not all volcanic eruptions happen near the boundaries of tectonic plates. Some eruptions happen in the middle of the plates.These eruptions are caused by mantle streams called plumes. Mantle plumes are formed when hot magma rises beneath the thinner, or weaker, areas of the Earth's crust, creating 'hot spots'. Volcanic islands are formed when mantle plumes form at the bottom of the ocean.ome eruptions happen in the middle of the plates. These eruptions are caused by mantle streams called plumes. Mantle plumes are formed when hot magma rises beneath the thinner, or weaker, areas of the Earth's crust, creating 'hot spots'. Volcanic islands are formed when mantle plumes form at the bottom of the ocean.
Burst Fracture of the Lumbar Spine. General Considerations. Burst fractures result from axial loading most often secondary to motor vehicle accidents and falls. The axial load drives the intervertebral disk into vertebral body below. Usually produces a comminuted, vertical fracture through the vertebral body.
The burst fracture is categorized by the  severity of the deformity, the severity of (spinal) canal compromise, the degree of loss of vertebral body height, and the degree of neurologic deficit.  Burst fractures are considered more severe than compression fractures because long-term neurological damage can follow.onsurgical management is possible when the burst fracture subject is intact neurologically. Nonsurgical treatment involves the use of a full-body, exterior brace, normally a Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Orthosis (TLSO), often custom-molded to the subject's body.