The mixture of molten rock, crystals and dissolved gases from the mantle is called magma. When magma erupts to the Earth's surface, it is called lava. Not all volcanic eruptions happen near the boundaries of tectonic plates. Some eruptions happen in the middle of the plates.These eruptions are caused by mantle streams called plumes. Mantle plumes are formed when hot magma rises beneath the thinner, or weaker, areas of the Earth's crust, creating 'hot spots'. Volcanic islands are formed when mantle plumes form at the bottom of the ocean.ome eruptions happen in the middle of the plates. These eruptions are caused by mantle streams called plumes. Mantle plumes are formed when hot magma rises beneath the thinner, or weaker, areas of the Earth's crust, creating 'hot spots'. Volcanic islands are formed when mantle plumes form at the bottom of the ocean.
Burst Fracture of the Lumbar Spine. General Considerations. Burst fractures result from axial loading most often secondary to motor vehicle accidents and falls. The axial load drives the intervertebral disk into vertebral body below. Usually produces a comminuted, vertical fracture through the vertebral body.
A burst fracture is a spinal injury where the vertebra breaks due to immediate and severe compression. Immediate trauma such as a car accident or a severe fall are the leading causes for burst fractures with pieces of the vertebra shattering into surrounding tissues and sometimes the spinal canal.This is different from a compression fracture in that the vertebra breaks in multiple directions.A patient with a burst fracture requires immediate hospitalization and treatment to prevent or minimize spinal cord injury.Immediate hospitalization is required, as such injuries may result in varying degrees of spinal cord injury with possible paralysis.mmediate trauma such as a car accident or a severe fall are the leading causes for burst fractures with pieces of the vertebra shattering into surrounding tissues and sometimes the spinal canal.