Hypokinetic movement disorders refer to akinesia (lack of movement), hypokinesia (reduced amplitude of movements), bradykinesia (slow movement) and rigidity. In primary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is the primary manifestation of the disorder.
A database is an assortment of data that is organized to be easily accessed, managed and updated, and range from relational databases to cloud databases. A database is an assortment of data that is organized to be easily accessed, managed and updated, and range from relational databases to cloud databases.
The bat algorithm (BA) is a bio-inspired algorithm developed by Xin-She Yang in 2010 that has been found very efficient. As a result, the literature has expanded significantly since then. This chapter provides a detailed introduction to BA and its new variants.