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1. In some cases, the cofactor completes the active site of the enzyme or modifies it in such a manner that substrate binding can ensue. 2. The cofactor acts as a donor of electrons or atoms to the substrate and following the reaction is returned to its former state.
Enzyme in which a cofactor is binded to its active site. Define two types of cofactors (coenzymes) Prosthetic group - remain tightly bound to active site of enzyme for its lifetime (FAD, SDH) Transient cofactors - Only bind to active site during the reaction the enzyme catalyzes, then is released to be recycled. The binding is by random chance and diffusion. Usually transient enzymes have a global effect on body (NAD, NADP, ADH) Outline relationship between vitamins, cofactors, and enzymes.