A writ of certiorari is an order a higher court issues in order to review the decision and proceedings in a lower court and determine whether there were any irregularities.
Immediate, early, or delayed acute pulmonary edema (associated with papillary muscle rupture), congestive heart failure (CHF; associated with ventricular septal rupture), and hypotension (associated with free-wall rupture) are the cardinal manifestations of myocardial rupture following blunt chest trauma.
For this article, we will concentrate on the two most common causes of CHF in dogs: Degenerative valvular disease (DVD) and Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Degenerative valvular disease is a condition that reduces the ability of the heart valves to prevent the back-flow of blood during ventricular contraction.