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Although it is no bigger than a pea, the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain just beneath the hypothalamus, is considered the most important part of the endocrine system. It's often called the master gland because it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands.
Although the pituitary gland is considered as the master gland of the body, the hypothalamus plays a major role in its functioning. Hypothalamus acts as a coordinating center of the endocrine system because it sends a signal to the pituitary gland to produce hormones. The hypothalamic-pituitary axis has a direct impact on the adrenal gland, thyroid, gonads, and it influences growth, water balance, and milk production.