Network protocols that use aggressive retransmissions to compensate for packet loss due to congestion can increase congestion, even after the initial load has been reduced to a level that would not normally have induced network congestion. Such networks exhibit two stable states under the same level of load.
Beta blocker. Beta blocker, also written Î²-blocker, is a class of medications that are particularly used to manage cardiac arrhythmias, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).
Medication Summary. Common drugs that induce atrioventricular (AV) block include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiarrhythmics, and digoxin. Withdrawal of offending drugs is the first treatment for heart block. Patients with block at the level of the atrioventricular node (AVN), in the absence of ischemia, can benefit from sympathomimetic agents or vagolytic agents.