The symptoms of pericarditis depend on the type, but may include: 1  high temperature. 2  sweating and chills. 3  breathing problems, such as breathlessness. 4  dry cough. 5  abnormal heart rhythms, such as accelerated heartbeat (tachycardia) 6  sharp and stabbing chest pains. 7  pain radiating into the left shoulder and arm.
Pathophysiology. Rupture of the membranes is the most common cause of oligohydramnios. However, because the amniotic fluid is primarily fetal urine in the latter half of the pregnancy, the absence of fetal urine production or a blockage in the fetus' urinary tract can also result in oligohydramnios.
In most cases, the exact cause cannot be identified. A single case may have one or more causes, including intrauterine infection (TORCH), rh-isoimmunisation, or chorioangioma of the placenta. In a multiple gestation pregnancy, the cause of polyhydramnios usually is twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.Maternal causes include cardiac problems, kidney problems, and maternal diabetes mellitus, which causes fetal hyperglycemia and resulting polyuria (fetal urine is a major source of amniotic fluid).n most cases, the exact cause cannot be identified. A single case may have one or more causes, including intrauterine infection (TORCH), rh-isoimmunisation, or chorioangioma of the placenta. In a multiple gestation pregnancy, the cause of polyhydramnios usually is twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.