Points to consider prior to initiating RETROVIR in pregnant women for the prevention of maternal-fetal HIV-1 transmission include: â¢ In most cases, RETROVIR for prevention of maternal-fetal HIV-1 transmission should be given in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. â¢ Prevention of HIV-1 transmission in women who have received RETROVIR for a prolonged period before pregnancy has not been evaluated.
Vancomycin is an antibiotic drug used to treat serious, life-threatening infections by gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to less-toxic agents. The reference range for vancomycin trough levels is 10-20 Âµg/mL (15-20 Âµg/mL for complicated infections). The reference range for vancomycin peak levels is 25-50 Âµg/mL. Next. Vancomycin trough concentrations below 10 Âµg/mL are associated with inadequate therapy and an increased risk of developing bacterial resistance. Vancomycin trough concentrations above the therapeutic range may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Trough serum vancomycin concentrations are the most accurate and practical method for monitoring efficacy. Troughs should be obtained just prior to the next dose at steady-state conditions (just before the fourth dose). Minimum serum vancomycin trough concentrations should always be maintained above 10 mg/L to avoid development of resistance. For a pathogen with an MIC of 1 mg/L, the minimum trough concentration would have to be at least 15 mg/L to generate the target AUC:MIC of 400. Vancomycin serum trough concentrations of 15â20 mg/L are recommended to improve penetration, increase the probability of obtaining optimal target serum concentrations, and improve clinical outcomes.