Effects of water pollution. You will notice in the previous pages that water pollution is very harmful to humans, animals and water life. The effects can be catastrophic, depending on the kind of chemicals, concentrations of the pollutants and where there are polluted. Below, we shall see a summary of the effects of water pollution.
Recombinant DNA is an artificial form of DNA that cannot be found in natural organisms. It is made in the laboratory by joining together genes taken from different sources. This is done by selecting and cutting out a gene at a specific point on a strand of DNA using restriction enzymes which act as molecular scissors.
Recombinant DNAs are molecules of DNA that are formed through genetic recombination methods. DNA molecules from two or more different sources are cleaved using restriction enzymes and then joined together using ligases. Recombinant DNA is possible since the fundamental chemical structure of DNA molecules is the same in most organisms. The DNA fragments may come from any species. Thus, recombinant DNA is sometimes referred to as chimeric DNA due to the DNA resulting from the recombination of DNA fragments from two different species, likened to a chimera. An example of this is a plant DNA that is joined to a bacterial DNA.