The lithophile elements make up about 93 percent of the mass of the entire crust of the earth and about 97 percent of the salt content of the ocean watersâproducts of rock weathering dissolved in water.hey include 55 elements of the periodic system: O, Si, Al, Ti, B, C, all the alkali and alkaline-earth metals, the halogens, and many of the rare elements.
The United States is a federal constitutional republic, in which the President of the United States (the head of state and head of government), Congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.he United States is a federal constitutional republic, in which the President of the United States (the head of state and head of government), Congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.
State governments of the United States are institutional units in the United States exercising some of the functions of government at a level below that of the federal government. Each state's government holds fiscal, legislative and executive authority over a defined geographic territory. The United States is composed 50 states: 13 that were already part of the United States at the time the present Constitution took effect in 1789, plus 37 that have been admitted since by Congress as authorized