venlafaxine (brand name: Effexor) A medication used to treat depression (antidepressant) that affects chemical messengers within the brain. These chemical messengers are called neurotransmitters, and some examples are serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.
They form an endospore. An endospore is a thick cell wall that helps protect them. Endospores enable bacteria to lie dormant for extended periods of time when the environmen â¦ t is unfavorable (such as extreme temperatures, radiation, extreme pH levels, extreme pressures and harmful chemical agents).
As obligate anaerobes, Clostridium botulinum must live in low oxygen habitats, as higher concentrations are toxic to the cells. These bacteria live in relatively neutral environments and have the most successful growth rates in a pH ranging from 4.6-7.0. Clostridium botulinum is most commonly found as an inactive spore in the shape of an oval. The spores generate a tough outer protective coating and several layers of membranes to enclose the cell and keep it alive. Most Clostridium botulinum spores reside on the surfaces of fruits, dairy products, vegetables, seafood, and various canned foods.