Let's take a further look at the fourth stage of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the esteem stage. Esteem needs refer to the need for respect, self-esteem, and self-confidence.
E. americanus is one of the earliest spawning fishes in the spring. To spawn, the fish migrate from large rivers and lakes into small streams. Spawning temperature has been estimated at anywhere from 4Â°C to 18.3Â°C (Wallus, et al., 1990). The act of spawning occurs with one female and several males.
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