Discussion of Recent Deterrence Studies. The Criminal Justice Legal Foundation has collected many recent deterrence studies, including ones by Hashem Dezhbakhsh, Paul H. Rubin, Joanna M. Shepherd, H. Naci Mocan & R. Kaj Gittings and others claiming a deterrent effect to the death penalty. These studies may be found here.
Spinal headaches are caused by leakage of spinal fluid through a puncture hole in the tough membrane (dura mater) that surrounds the spinal cord. This leakage decreases the pressure exerted by the spinal fluid on the brain and spinal cord, which leads to a headache. Spinal headaches typically appear within 48 hours after a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia.
In addition, some patients suffer from alterations of the CSF pressure (either high or low), which can cause headaches. The procedure to collect a sample from the spinal fluid and/or measure its pressure is called a Lumbar Puncture, more commonly known as a spinal tap.