1 A pacemaker is a small device that's placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. 2  This device uses low-energy electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. 3  Pacemakers are used to treat arrhythmias.
DEFINITION of 'Material Participation Test'. A set of criteria that determines whether a taxpayer is a material participant in a business venture.The material participation test will determine whether business income received by the taxpayer is active or passive.According to the IRS, if the taxpayer participates in a business activity on a regular, continuous and substantial basis, then the taxpayer materially participates in the business.Next Up.EFINITION of 'Material Participation Test'. A set of criteria that determines whether a taxpayer is a material participant in a business venture.
These civic activities are what are known as political participation, and they are a critical part of any democracy. As the name suggests, political participation simply means that a person is participating in the political process by making his or her opinions and beliefs known. In the social sciences, the term 'political participation' is often used to describe an action taken by a citizen to influence the outcome of a political issue.