Doctors can often see a large hiatus hernia on a chest x-ray. Otherwise, people are given barium in a liquid before x-rays are taken (barium swallow). The barium outlines the esophagus, making abnormalities easier to see. Hernias can also be seen during an upper endoscopy.
The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra together form the urinary tract, which acts as a plumbing system to drain urine from the kidneys, store it, and then release it during urination.
Lungs and kidneys are the major organs of excretion in the human body. The skin, large intestine and liver also play a minor role in excretion. The primary metabolic waste products of the human are carbon dioxide, water, salt and nitrogenous molecules. Most nitrogenous wastes are released as urea.