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How Microwaves Cook Food. When you hit the start button it usually takes about 2 seconds to heat up a filament inside the magnetron tube, says Schiffmann. The microwaves are then blasted into the food compartment. The commonly used frequency of microwaves, 2.45 gigahertz, is easily absorbed by water, fat, and sugar.
How Microwave Ovens Work. The invention of the microwave is a fantastically simple concept. Microwaves have a frequency that can penetrated water, fat, and sugar molecules and excite them. For a molecule to be excited the electrons orbiting the nucleus have to jump up energy levels.