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5 By prohibiting multiple punishments for a single criminal act Penal Code section 654. affords protection beyond and different from that given by either the constitutional proscrip-. tion of subsequent jeopardy or the implementation of that doctrine by Penal Code section 1023..
This reflects the general principle that a crime is composed of both an actus reus (the Latin tag for guilty act) and a mens rea (the Latin tag for guilty mind) and that a person should only be convicted if he or she is directly responsible for causing both elements to occur at the same time (see concurrence).