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How Microwaves Cook Food. When you hit the start button it usually takes about 2 seconds to heat up a filament inside the magnetron tube, says Schiffmann. The microwaves are then blasted into the food compartment. The commonly used frequency of microwaves, 2.45 gigahertz, is easily absorbed by water, fat, and sugar.
An infrared microwave cooks food from the outside in by heating the surface of the food. In contrast, microwave ovens use a type of radiation that is similar to radio waves; this radiation excites water and fat molecules in the interior of food items, causing heat and cooking the food from the inside out.