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How Microwaves Cook Food. When you hit the start button it usually takes about 2 seconds to heat up a filament inside the magnetron tube, says Schiffmann. The microwaves are then blasted into the food compartment. The commonly used frequency of microwaves, 2.45 gigahertz, is easily absorbed by water, fat, and sugar.
So if microwaves can excite the molecules in a substance and create heat, why not use them to cook food?! And that, is how a microwave works. There is a devise inside the oven that is the source of the microwave radiation call a magnetron. The waves than travel to the oven cavity through the wave guide and mode stirrer. The waves penetrate the food and excite the molecules.