Agate is good protective energy stone, especially for children, and is very calming and soothing. It also can help strengthen the body's connection to the earth.
The friction factor, f, is a dimensionless factor that depends primarily on the velocity u, diameter D, density Ï, and viscosity Î·. It is also a function of wall roughness which depends on the size Îµ, spacing Îµ' and shape of the roughness elements characterized by Îµ''.
The friction factor is affected by variations of fluid physical properties caused by variations in temperature and by the action of buoyancy forces. In rough channels the hydraulic resistance increases due to formation of vortices at the roughness elements leading to additional loss of flow specific energy. Three types of roughness can be distinguished: Natural roughness, which is formed as a result of long operation of pipelines.