Germany became a modern, unified nation under the leadership of the âIron Chancellorâ Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), who between 1862 and 1890 effectively ruled first Prussia and then all of Germany.
Laser effects on the skin. Thermal (burn) injury is the most common cause of laser induced skin damage. Thermal damage is generally associated with lasers operating at exposure times greater than 10 microseconds and in the wavelength region from the near ultraviolet to the far infrared.
Light Induced Biological Damage. Laser irradiation of the eye may cause damage to the cornea, lens, or retina, depending on the wavelength of the light and the energy absorption characteristics of the ocular tissues. The potential location of injury in the eye is directly related to the wavelength of the laser radiation. For laser radiation entering the eye: 1  Near Ultraviolet Wavelengths (UVA) 315 - 400 nm.  Most of the radiation is absorbed in the lens of the eye.