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How Microwaves Cook Food. When you hit the start button it usually takes about 2 seconds to heat up a filament inside the magnetron tube, says Schiffmann. The microwaves are then blasted into the food compartment. The commonly used frequency of microwaves, 2.45 gigahertz, is easily absorbed by water, fat, and sugar.
The walls of the oven cavity are made of metal to reflect the radiation inward toward the food. A safety switch exists in all modern microwave ovens; this shuts off all microwave energy whenever the oven door is opened.ow a Microwave Oven Works. A microwave works by sending electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 2.24 gigahertz and a wavelength of 12.2 centimeters through food. This in turn causes the water molecules in the food to vibrate, and the resulting friction with other water molecules causes it to heat up.