Theory The rotation-vibration energy of CO is approximately the sum of harmonic-oscillator energy and rigid-rotor energy:E â hÎ½ e (v+Â½) + h 2 J(J+1)/(8Ï 2 Î¼R e2) ; v=0,1,2,... ; J=0,1,2,... (1)v is the vibration quantum numberJ is the rotation quantum numberÎ½ e is the fundamental vibration frequency = (k/Î¼) 1/2 /(2Ï). Î½ e is in units of s -1 .Ï e is the fundamental vibration frequency in wavenumbers, cm -1 .Ï e = Î½ e /c, where c is the speed of light.Î¼ is the CO reduced mass.
Carnival is derived from the word carnelevare, wich literally translates to removal of meat. The roots of the festival are believed to be in the tradition of Roman Catholics when they abstained from meat and alcohol on certain days as a method to drive away bad things from their life.
In Germany, there is a Carnival similar to Mardi Gras known as âFasching,â held during the same period. To a lesser extent, this festivity is also celebrated in Spain and France. In France, the festival was called Mardi Gras, meaning âFat Tuesday.â This name comes from the ancient pagan practice of killing and eating a fattened calf on the last day of Carnival; it dates from the pre-Christian era when the Druids sacrificed offerings to pagan gods, seeking more fertile women and livestock.