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How Microwaves Cook Food. When you hit the start button it usually takes about 2 seconds to heat up a filament inside the magnetron tube, says Schiffmann. The microwaves are then blasted into the food compartment. The commonly used frequency of microwaves, 2.45 gigahertz, is easily absorbed by water, fat, and sugar.
Microwaves are basically small (micro) waves of radio frequency energy. It cooks the food by vibration (waves) creating friction from within, thus creating heat. This is why it cooks from the inside-out as opposed to heat which must be absorbed from the outside-in. Microwaves are high energy electromagnetic waves.