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How Microwaves Cook Food. When you hit the start button it usually takes about 2 seconds to heat up a filament inside the magnetron tube, says Schiffmann. The microwaves are then blasted into the food compartment. The commonly used frequency of microwaves, 2.45 gigahertz, is easily absorbed by water, fat, and sugar.
Microwaves work by shooting waves called microwaves through food. Microwaves are a lot like light waves, they are wavy patterns of electric and magnetic fields. The wavelength (distance from one field wiggle to the nect) is much longer for microwaves than for light.