Germany became a modern, unified nation under the leadership of the âIron Chancellorâ Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), who between 1862 and 1890 effectively ruled first Prussia and then all of Germany.
Laser effects on the skin. Thermal (burn) injury is the most common cause of laser induced skin damage. Thermal damage is generally associated with lasers operating at exposure times greater than 10 microseconds and in the wavelength region from the near ultraviolet to the far infrared.
In addition, the thermal effect, created by laser energy that is absorbed by the water contained in the stones, as well as the stone composites, can be used to break stones of any size or composition, making holmium lasers the standard âof-care for laser lithotripsy. The Lumenis Holmium Laser Solution.