PRODUCT DESIGN. Product design is cross-functional, knowledge-intensive work that has become increasingly important in today's fast-paced, globally competitive environment. It is a key strategic activity in many firms because new products contribute significantly to sales revenue.
Covalent bonds form when two atoms have a very small (nearly insignificant) difference in electronegativity. The value of difference in electronegativity between two atoms in a covalent bond is less than 1.7.Covalent bonds often form between similar atoms, nonmetal to nonmetal or metal to metal. Covalent bonding signals a complete sharing of electrons.olar Covalent Bonds. Polar covalent bonds fall between ionic and covalent bonds. They result when two elements bond with a moderate difference in electronegativity moderately to greatly, but they do not surpass 1.7 in electronegativity difference.
Covalent bonds occur when the sharing of electrons acts to hold atoms together. However if two different atoms are being bonded then the electrons will not âhang outâ evenly between them. As a rule of thumb the smaller atoms tend to pull more tightly on electrons than larger ones. So the smaller atom in a bonded pair will tend to hog up more than its share of electrons. The atom that holds more tightly onto electrons will have a small negative charge while the other will have a slight positive charge. A covalent bond is consider polar when this inequality in electron sharing becomes significant.