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Natural killer cells or NK cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system.his role of NK cells is critical to immune success particularly because T cells are unable to recognize pathogens in the absence of surface antigens. Tumor cell detection results in activation of NK cells and consequent cytokine production and release.
NK cells become activated upon stimulation by the cytokines IL-2, IL-15, IL-15RA in complex with IL-15, IL-18 and IL-12 to produce a large variety of cytokines and chemokines that includes IFNÎ³, TNFÎ±, IL-17 and IL-22 to name a few.nlike most lymphoid cells, NK cells are part of the innate immune system and mediate their effect in an antigen independent manner that in general does not give rise to immunological memory or protective immunity.