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The decay of radioactive elements occurs at a fixed rate. The half-life of a radioisotope is the time required for one half of the amount of unstable material to degrade into a more stable material. For example, a source will have an intensity of 100% when new. At one half-life, its intensity will be cut to 50% of the original intensity.
At the start of the measurement the radioisotope has 10,000 unstable nuclei. Over 2 days 5,000 of these unstable nuclei undergo radioactive decay to stable nuclei. Therefore half of the original radioactive nuclei have decayed in 2 days so the half life for this radioisotope is 2 days.Over the next 2 days 2500 of the remaining radioactive nuclei undergo decay. This is half of the remaining 5000 radioactive nuclei.The isotope undergoes further decay and it takes 2 days for the number of radioactive nuclei to halve in number. The half life for this radioisotope is 2 days. Therefore the number of radioactive nuclei is always half the number there was 2 days ago.fter two half lives, one half of this half remains or one quarter of the original radioactive nuclei remain. We can therefore say: 1 half life = Â½ of the original radioactive nuclei remain. 2 half lives = Â¼ of the original radioactive nuclei remain. This can be written as an equation as: