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#4. The R represents the side chain of the amino acids which make up the anti-parallel beta sheet. Since a wide variety of side chains can exist on a beta -sheet, they generalize the structure by writing Rs instead of specific amino acid side chains.
R1b is a sub-clade within the much larger Eurasian MNOPS macro-haplogroup , which is one of the predominant groupings of all the rest of human male lines outside of Africa, and this whole group, along with all of macro-haplogroup F, is believed to have originated in Asia.aplogroup R1b is in other words now identified by the presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M343, which was discovered in 2004. From 2002 to 2005, R1b was defined by the presence of the SNP named P25.