Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare but severe disease with an estimated five-year survival rate of only 57% after diagnosis, according to the Registry to Evaluate Early And Long-term PAH disease management (REVEAL), which registers data from patients in the United States.
Concentration of elements in the ocean relative to the total concentration in the bulk silicate Earth (BSE). Of all the elements, only Cl and Br have a significant fraction in the ocean (see inset), indicating the extreme hydrophilic character for the heavier halogens.
Chromium is the 22nd most abundant element in Earth's crust with an average concentration of 100 ppm. Chromium compounds are found in the environment from the erosion of chromium-containing rocks, and can be redistributed by volcanic eruptions. Typical background concentrations of chromium in environmental media are: atmosphere <10 ng m â3; soil <500 mg kg â1; vegetation <0.5 mg kg â1; freshwater <10 ug L â1; seawater <1 ug L â1; sediment <80 mg kg â1.