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#4. The R represents the side chain of the amino acids which make up the anti-parallel beta sheet. Since a wide variety of side chains can exist on a beta -sheet, they generalize the structure by writing Rs instead of specific amino acid side chains.
Others live in a quite stable environment, such as a climax forest. The two evolutionary strategies are termed r-selection, for those species that produce many cheap offspring and live in unstable environments and K-selection for those species that produce few expensive offspring and live in stable environments. Natural selection is the force for change, not the individual's conscious decision.