The bacterial infection seen in acute cholangitis arises as a complication of other bile duct pathology 1  : Bile duct stones. 2  Biliary strictures. 3  Following ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal surgery) 4  Tumors â bile duct, pancreatic, ampulla of Vater. 5  Acute pancreatitis.
State Status: Endangered, 1981. Federal Status: Endangered, 1970. The leatherback sea turtle (Figure 1) is the sole member of the family Dermochelyidae; all other sea turtles belong to the Cheloniidae. The leatherback is the largest, deepest diving, and most migratory and wide ranging of the sea turtles (Figure 2).
When they are active, sea turtles must swim to the ocean surface to breathe every few minutes. When they are resting, they can remain underwater for as long as 2 hours without breathing. All six species of sea turtles in the U.S. are protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 . These are the green, hawksbill, Kemp's ridley, leatherback, loggerhead and olive ridley sea turtles. The hawksbill, Kemp's ridley, and leatherback sea turtles are listed as endangered under the ESA.