Although the rabbis claimed that the Talmud revealed the will of God more completely, many Jews sensed the increasing weight of rabbinic authority and longed for the word of God delivered to them through Moses and the prophets.
दोनों समुदायों ने शक्‍तिशाली धार्मिक व्यवस्थाएँ बनायीं — एक तरफ़ रब्बीनी अधिकार और दूसरी तरफ़ चर्च अधिकार ।