As early as the first century C.E., apocryphal books, such as the “Book of Jubilees ” and the“ Common Rule ” of the Qumran sect, depicted the Devil as bargaining with God and yet subject to His will.
इन किताबों में बताया गया है कि शैतान परमेश्‍वर से झगड़ा भी करता है और उसकी मरज़ी के अधीन भी रहता है ।