The result was a significant reduction in infections and premature deaths. In the year 1900, life expectancy at the time of birth in many European countries and in the United States was less than 50.
सन्‌ १९०० में, अनेक यूरोपीय देशों और अमरीका में जन्म के समय अपेक्षित जीवन ५० से कम था ।