John Liebeskind, a former president of the International Pain Foundation, observed a few years ago: “I don’t think there is a medical school in the world where more than four hours out of four years are spent teaching students to diagnose and treat pain problems. ”
लेकिन, दर्द की समझ में आकस्मिक उन्‍नति, इसका उपचार करने के ज़्यादा बड़े प्रयासों के साथ - साथ हुई है ।