Question: Where was the wife of Mark Benecke born?

Answer: Bytom

Knowledge 1: Mark Benecke
Mark Benecke (born August 26, 1970) is a German forensic biologist.Benecke was born in Rosenheim (Bavaria).After receiving a Dr. rer.medic.at Cologne University in 1997, he worked in the Chief Medical Examiner's Office in Manhattan, New York from 1997–1999., he works internationally on forensic cases as a freelance expert witness.He also teaches at various police academies and acts as a visiting professor to universities in Germany, England, Vietnam, Colombia, and the Philippines.Benecke has worked on the identification of Adolf and Eva Hitler's skull and teeth in Moscow, and is the only forensic scientist to work on the case of Colombian serial killer and rapist Luis Garavito.Some of his forensic cases have been covered by the National Geographic Channel and the History Channel.Benecke has published several popular science books about the biology of aging, criminal cases and forensic biology.He is a member of the editorial board of the "Annals of Improbable Research" (Cambridge, USA), guest editor for "Forensic Science International" (Forensic Entomology Special Issue.and scientific advisor to the German skeptic organization GWUP, where he publishes skeptical articles on various topics, including his attempt to explain alleged signs of vampirism.Using the pseudonym "Belcanto Bene", Benecke was a member of the German punk band Die Blonden Burschen between 1989–2000.In 2004, he was the guest editor of "Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology" for the Forensic Entomology Special Issue).In 2010, he was candidate for the office of prime minister for Germany's largest state North Rhine-Westphalia for the satirical political partyDie PARTEI.Since 2010, he is Chairman of Die PARTEI in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.In 2011 Mark featured as a vocalist on Sara Noxx's cover of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' song "Where the Wild Roses Grow".He was married to the criminal psychologist Lydia Benecke. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Lydia Benecke
Lydia Benecke (born in 1982 as "E. C. Wawrzyniak" in Bytom, Poland) is a German criminal psychologist and writer of popular science non-fiction.

Knowledge 1: Mark Benecke
Mark Benecke (born August 26, 1970) is a German forensic biologist.Benecke was born in Rosenheim (Bavaria).After receiving a Dr. rer.medic.at Cologne University in 1997, he worked in the Chief Medical Examiner's Office in Manhattan, New York from 1997–1999., he works internationally on forensic cases as a freelance expert witness.He also teaches at various police academies and acts as a visiting professor to universities in Germany, England, Vietnam, Colombia, and the Philippines.Benecke has worked on the identification of Adolf and Eva Hitler's skull and teeth in Moscow, and is the only forensic scientist to work on the case of Colombian serial killer and rapist Luis Garavito.Some of his forensic cases have been covered by the National Geographic Channel and the History Channel.Benecke has published several popular science books about the biology of aging, criminal cases and forensic biology.He is a member of the editorial board of the "Annals of Improbable Research" (Cambridge, USA), guest editor for "Forensic Science International" (Forensic Entomology Special Issue.and scientific advisor to the German skeptic organization GWUP, where he publishes skeptical articles on various topics, including his attempt to explain alleged signs of vampirism.Using the pseudonym "Belcanto Bene", Benecke was a member of the German punk band Die Blonden Burschen between 1989–2000.In 2004, he was the guest editor of "Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology" for the Forensic Entomology Special Issue).In 2010, he was candidate for the office of prime minister for Germany's largest state North Rhine-Westphalia for the satirical political partyDie PARTEI.Since 2010, he is Chairman of Die PARTEI in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.In 2011 Mark featured as a vocalist on Sara Noxx's cover of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' song "Where the Wild Roses Grow".He was married to the criminal psychologist Lydia Benecke. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Waldrada of Lotharingia
Waldrada was the mistress, and later the wife, of Lothair II of Lotharingia.

Knowledge 1: Mark Benecke
Mark Benecke (born August 26, 1970) is a German forensic biologist.Benecke was born in Rosenheim (Bavaria).After receiving a Dr. rer.medic.at Cologne University in 1997, he worked in the Chief Medical Examiner's Office in Manhattan, New York from 1997–1999., he works internationally on forensic cases as a freelance expert witness.He also teaches at various police academies and acts as a visiting professor to universities in Germany, England, Vietnam, Colombia, and the Philippines.Benecke has worked on the identification of Adolf and Eva Hitler's skull and teeth in Moscow, and is the only forensic scientist to work on the case of Colombian serial killer and rapist Luis Garavito.Some of his forensic cases have been covered by the National Geographic Channel and the History Channel.Benecke has published several popular science books about the biology of aging, criminal cases and forensic biology.He is a member of the editorial board of the "Annals of Improbable Research" (Cambridge, USA), guest editor for "Forensic Science International" (Forensic Entomology Special Issue.and scientific advisor to the German skeptic organization GWUP, where he publishes skeptical articles on various topics, including his attempt to explain alleged signs of vampirism.Using the pseudonym "Belcanto Bene", Benecke was a member of the German punk band Die Blonden Burschen between 1989–2000.In 2004, he was the guest editor of "Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology" for the Forensic Entomology Special Issue).In 2010, he was candidate for the office of prime minister for Germany's largest state North Rhine-Westphalia for the satirical political partyDie PARTEI.Since 2010, he is Chairman of Die PARTEI in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.In 2011 Mark featured as a vocalist on Sara Noxx's cover of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' song "Where the Wild Roses Grow".He was married to the criminal psychologist Lydia Benecke. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Catherine Exley
Catherine Exley was the wife of a soldier and accompanied her husband when he served in Portugal, Spain and Ireland during the Napoleonic Wars.She is best known as the author of a diary that gives an account of military life in that era from the viewpoint of the wife of a common soldier.


Question: Who was born later, Guy Tzarfati or Bruce Appleyard?

Answer: Guy Tzarfati

Knowledge 1: Guy Tzarfati
Guy Tzarfati( born 28 April 1979) is a retired Israeli footballer who now works as a manager.Tzarfati now works as the assistant manager of Hapoel Be'er Sheva.Guy's father Sami and older brother Jackie we're also professional footballers. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Bruce Appleyard
Bruce Appleyard( born July 2, 1965) is an American city planner and urban designer, theorist, consultant, academic, and author.He works as a Professor of City Planning for San Diego State University in the School of Public Affairs.He has authored articles in the emerging field of Livability Ethics.He is the son of Donald Appleyard, a British- born American urban and city planner.

Knowledge 1: Bruce Appleyard
Bruce Appleyard( born July 2, 1965) is an American city planner and urban designer, theorist, consultant, academic, and author.He works as a Professor of City Planning for San Diego State University in the School of Public Affairs.He has authored articles in the emerging field of Livability Ethics.He is the son of Donald Appleyard, a British- born American urban and city planner. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Bruce Leung
Bruce Leung Siu-lung( born Leung Choi-sang; April 28, 1948) is an actor who has appeared in many Hong Kong martial arts movies.He often appeared billed as" Bruce LeungBruce LiangBruce Leong", or" Bruce Leung Siu-lung", and is thus generally grouped among the Bruce Lee clones that sprang up after Lee's death in the subgenre known as Bruceploitation.

Knowledge 1: John Edward Bruce
John Edward Bruce, also known as Bruce Grit or J. E. Bruce- Grit( February 22, 1856 – August 7, 1924), was an American journalist, historian, writer, orator, civil rights activist and Pan-African nationalist.He was born a slave in Maryland; as an adult, he founded numerous newspapers along the East Coast, as well as co-founding( with Arthur Alfonso Schomburg) the Negro Society for Historical Research in New York. [SEP] Knowledge 2: W. Augustus Barratt
W. Augustus Barratt( 1873- 1947) was a Scottish- born, later American, songwriter and musician.


Question: Where does the director of film Six Figures (Film) work at?

Answer: National Film Board of Canada

Knowledge 1: David Christensen
David Christensen is an Alberta film director and producer who since October 2007 has been an executive producer with the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) at its Northwest Centre, based in Edmonton. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Six Figures (film)
Six Figures is a Canadian psychological thriller film, directed by David Christensen and released in 2005.An adaptation of the novel of the same name by Fred Leebron, the film stars JR Bourne as Warner Lutz, a man struggling with the stresses and frustrations of trying to maintain his upwardly mobile executive lifestyle who becomes the primary suspect when his wife Claire (Caroline Cave) is left comatose by a violent physical attack.The film was Christensen's narrative feature debut following his prior work as a documentary filmmaker, and incorporated some documentary-style filmmaking techniques.The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 26th Genie Awards, and was a finalist for the Rogers Best Canadian Film Award at the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2006.

Knowledge 1: Six Figures (film)
Six Figures is a Canadian psychological thriller film, directed by David Christensen and released in 2005.An adaptation of the novel of the same name by Fred Leebron, the film stars JR Bourne as Warner Lutz, a man struggling with the stresses and frustrations of trying to maintain his upwardly mobile executive lifestyle who becomes the primary suspect when his wife Claire (Caroline Cave) is left comatose by a violent physical attack.The film was Christensen's narrative feature debut following his prior work as a documentary filmmaker, and incorporated some documentary-style filmmaking techniques.The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 26th Genie Awards, and was a finalist for the Rogers Best Canadian Film Award at the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2006. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein- Cohen( born March 3, 1981) is the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.

Knowledge 1: Lance Mungia
Lance Mungia( born 1972) is an American screenwriter and film director of the film" Six String Samurai" and co-writer/ director of for Dimension Films.Mungia also wrote and directed the short film" Garden for Rio", produced at Loyola Marymount University, where he attended as a film student. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas( born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.He was born in Fredrikstad.From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History.In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.


Question: What is the award that the director of film Just A Kiss (Film) received?

Answer: Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature

Knowledge 1: Just a Kiss (film)
Just a Kiss (2002) is a dark comedy and the first feature film directed by actor-turned-filmmaker Fisher Stevens.Fisher also is credited with playing the harmonica (credited as Fisher 'Super Harp' Stevens).Patrick Breen wrote the screenplay adapted from his own off-Broadway play and starred in the film.It was filmed in New York, NY. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Fisher Stevens
Fisher Stevens (born Steven Fisher; November 27, 1963) is an American actor, director, producer and writer.As an actor, he is best known for his portrayals of Ben Jabituya in "Short Circuit" (renamed "Ben Jahveri" in the sequel), Chuck Fishman on the 1990s television series "Early Edition", and villainous computer genius Eugene "The Plague" Belford in "Hackers".His most recent successes include the 2010 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his film "The Cove" and the 2008 Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature for his film "Crazy Love".In addition, he has directed the Leonardo DiCaprio-produced documentary "Before the Flood", executive produced by Martin Scorsese, which screened at the Toronto International Film Festival and by National Geographic on October 21, 2016.

Knowledge 1: A Kiss Is Just a Kiss
A Kiss Is Just a Kiss is a 1971 British television play written by Alec Coppel for" Itelevision playhouse". [SEP] Knowledge 2: Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein- Cohen( born March 3, 1981) is the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.

Knowledge 1: A Kiss Is Just a Kiss
A Kiss Is Just a Kiss is a 1971 British television play written by Alec Coppel for" Itelevision playhouse". [SEP] Knowledge 2: Michael Govan
Michael Govan( born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art since 2006.Prior to this, Govan worked as the director of the Dia Art Foundation in New York City.


Question: Did the movies The Man With The Iron Heart (Film) and Flowers Of Evil (Film), originate from the same country?

Answer: yes

Knowledge 1: The Man with the Iron Heart (film)
The Man with the Iron Heart( released as HHhH in France and Killing Heydrich in Canada) is a 2017 English- language French- Belgian biographical war drama- thriller film directed by Cédric Jimenez and written by David Farr, Audrey Diwan, and Jimenez.It is based on French writer Laurent Binet's novel" HHhH", and focuses on" Operation Anthropoid", the assassination of Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich in Prague during World War II.The film stars Jason Clarke, Rosamund Pike, Jack O'Connell, Jack Reynor, and Mia Wasikowska.It was shot in Prague and Budapest from September 2015 until February 2016. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Flowers of Evil (film)
Flowers of Evil is a French drama film directed by David Dusa and released on 8 February 2012.

Knowledge 1: The Iron Heart (1917 film)
The Iron Heart is a lost 1917 silent film drama directed by George Fitzmaurice.It was produced by Astra Film Company and distributed by Pathé Exchange. [SEP] Knowledge 2: The Man with the Gun
The Man with the Gun is a 1938 Soviet history drama film directed by Sergei Yutkevich.

Knowledge 1: The Iron Heart (1917 film)
The Iron Heart is a lost 1917 silent film drama directed by George Fitzmaurice.It was produced by Astra Film Company and distributed by Pathé Exchange. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Break Up (1965 film)
Break Up( and also known as" The Man with the Balloons") is a 1965 Italian comedy film directed by Marco Ferreri.


Question: Which film has the director born later, Cheriyo Captain or Searching For Debra Winger?

Answer: Searching For Debra Winger

Knowledge 1: Searching for Debra Winger
Searching for Debra Winger is a 2002 American documentary film conceived and directed by Rosanna Arquette.The film presents an interview with actress Debra Winger, about why she suddenly retired from the film industry at the height of her career( although she has since resumed acting).It also features interviews with other leading actresses, who discuss the various pressures they face as women working in the film industry.They mention trying to juggle their professional commitments, with their personal responsibilities to their families and themselves. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Cheriyo Captain
Cheriyo Captain is a 1995 Sri Lankan Sinhala comedy film directed by Roy de Silva and produced by Thilak Atapattu.It is the second film of" Cheriyo film series", which is sequel to" Cheriyo Doctor".It stars Joe Abeywickrama, Sabeetha Perera and Cletus Mendis in lead roles with Sanath Gunathilake and Bandu Samarasinghe.Music for the film is done by Somapala Rathnayake.It is the 839th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema. [SEP] Knowledge 3: Roy de Silva
Chathurartha Devadithya Gardiyawasam Lindamulage Roy Aloysius Felix de Silva, popularly known as Roy de Silva( රෝයි ද සිල්වා; 30 August 1937 – 30 June 2018), was a Sri Lankan actor and film director in Sri Lankan cinema.He entered the film industry as an actor in 1964 with" Sujage Rahasa" directed by Palaniyaandi Neelakantan.Arose as an actor, Silva immediately changed the pathway towards cinema direction, becoming one of the most successful film makers in the Sri Lanka film industry.His blockbuster movies such as" Re Daniel Dawal Migel" series," Cheriyo" series," Clean Out", and" Sir Last Chance" were economically successful and made hallmarks in the industry. [SEP] Knowledge 4: Rosanna Arquette
Rosanna Lisa Arquette( born August 10, 1959) is an American actress, film director, and film producer.She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her performance in the 1982 TV film" The Executioner's Song", and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1985 film" Desperately Seeking Susan".Her other film roles include" After Hours"( 1985)," The Big Blue"( 1988)," Pulp Fiction"( 1994), and" Crash"( 1996).She also directed the 2002 documentary" Searching for Debra Winger", and starred from 2006 to 2007 in the ABC sitcom" What About Brian?"

Knowledge 1: Cheriyo Captain
Cheriyo Captain is a 1995 Sri Lankan Sinhala comedy film directed by Roy de Silva and produced by Thilak Atapattu.It is the second film of" Cheriyo film series", which is sequel to" Cheriyo Doctor".It stars Joe Abeywickrama, Sabeetha Perera and Cletus Mendis in lead roles with Sanath Gunathilake and Bandu Samarasinghe.Music for the film is done by Somapala Rathnayake.It is the 839th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Roy de Silva
Chathurartha Devadithya Gardiyawasam Lindamulage Roy Aloysius Felix de Silva, popularly known as Roy de Silva( රෝයි ද සිල්වා; 30 August 1937 – 30 June 2018), was a Sri Lankan actor and film director in Sri Lankan cinema.He entered the film industry as an actor in 1964 with" Sujage Rahasa" directed by Palaniyaandi Neelakantan.Arose as an actor, Silva immediately changed the pathway towards cinema direction, becoming one of the most successful film makers in the Sri Lanka film industry.His blockbuster movies such as" Re Daniel Dawal Migel" series," Cheriyo" series," Clean Out", and" Sir Last Chance" were economically successful and made hallmarks in the industry. [SEP] Knowledge 3: Searching for Debra Winger
Searching for Debra Winger is a 2002 American documentary film conceived and directed by Rosanna Arquette.The film presents an interview with actress Debra Winger, about why she suddenly retired from the film industry at the height of her career( although she has since resumed acting).It also features interviews with other leading actresses, who discuss the various pressures they face as women working in the film industry.They mention trying to juggle their professional commitments, with their personal responsibilities to their families and themselves. [SEP] Knowledge 4: Rosanna Arquette
Rosanna Lisa Arquette( born August 10, 1959) is an American actress, film director, and film producer.She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her performance in the 1982 TV film" The Executioner's Song", and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1985 film" Desperately Seeking Susan".Her other film roles include" After Hours"( 1985)," The Big Blue"( 1988)," Pulp Fiction"( 1994), and" Crash"( 1996).She also directed the 2002 documentary" Searching for Debra Winger", and starred from 2006 to 2007 in the ABC sitcom" What About Brian?"

Knowledge 1: Searching for Debra Winger
Searching for Debra Winger is a 2002 American documentary film conceived and directed by Rosanna Arquette.The film presents an interview with actress Debra Winger, about why she suddenly retired from the film industry at the height of her career( although she has since resumed acting).It also features interviews with other leading actresses, who discuss the various pressures they face as women working in the film industry.They mention trying to juggle their professional commitments, with their personal responsibilities to their families and themselves. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Cheriyo Captain
Cheriyo Captain is a 1995 Sri Lankan Sinhala comedy film directed by Roy de Silva and produced by Thilak Atapattu.It is the second film of" Cheriyo film series", which is sequel to" Cheriyo Doctor".It stars Joe Abeywickrama, Sabeetha Perera and Cletus Mendis in lead roles with Sanath Gunathilake and Bandu Samarasinghe.Music for the film is done by Somapala Rathnayake.It is the 839th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema. [SEP] Knowledge 3: Roy de Silva
Chathurartha Devadithya Gardiyawasam Lindamulage Roy Aloysius Felix de Silva, popularly known as Roy de Silva( රෝයි ද සිල්වා; 30 August 1937 – 30 June 2018), was a Sri Lankan actor and film director in Sri Lankan cinema.He entered the film industry as an actor in 1964 with" Sujage Rahasa" directed by Palaniyaandi Neelakantan.Arose as an actor, Silva immediately changed the pathway towards cinema direction, becoming one of the most successful film makers in the Sri Lanka film industry.His blockbuster movies such as" Re Daniel Dawal Migel" series," Cheriyo" series," Clean Out", and" Sir Last Chance" were economically successful and made hallmarks in the industry. [SEP] Knowledge 4: W. Augustus Barratt
W. Augustus Barratt( 1873- 1947) was a Scottish- born, later American, songwriter and musician.


Question: Where did Andreyas's father die?

Answer: Ethiopia

Knowledge 1: Andreyas
Andreyas ("indrēyāsAndrew") was Emperor  (1429–1430) of Abyssinia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty.He was the oldest son of Yeshaq I.The British explorer James Bruce, who wrote one of the earliest European histories of Abyssinia, reports little more than Andreyas was buried with his father at the Tadbaba Maryam monastery. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Yeshaq I
Yeshaq I or Isaac (throne name:Gabra Masqal II) was Emperor of Ethiopia ("nəguśa nagaśt")(1414–29).A member of the House of Solomon, he was the second son of Emperor Dawit I.

Knowledge 1: Andreyas
Andreyas ("indrēyāsAndrew") was Emperor  (1429–1430) of Abyssinia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty.He was the oldest son of Yeshaq I.The British explorer James Bruce, who wrote one of the earliest European histories of Abyssinia, reports little more than Andreyas was buried with his father at the Tadbaba Maryam monastery. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Place of birth
The place of birth( POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born.This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person.As a general rule with respect to passports, the place of birth is determined to be the country that currently has" sovereignty" over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred.The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live.If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth.In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents.For example, Sweden has used the concept of" födelsehemortdomicile of birth") since 1947.This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth.The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant.Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of" Heimatortlieu d'origineluogo d'origineplace of origin" in German, French and Italian respectively).A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin.A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent.In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth.In some countries( primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase" jus soli".Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality( ies) of the baby's parents( referred to as" jus sanguinis").There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise.The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality( ies) of the parents and/ or the location of the plane or ship( if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).Some administrative forms may request the applicant's" country of birth".It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's" place of birth" or" nationality at birth".For US citizens born abroad who under the US Constitution acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA( American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place.

Knowledge 1: Yeshaq I
Yeshaq I or Isaac (throne name:Gabra Masqal II) was Emperor of Ethiopia ("nəguśa nagaśt")(1414–29).A member of the House of Solomon, he was the second son of Emperor Dawit I. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Place of birth
The place of birth( POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born.This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person.As a general rule with respect to passports, the place of birth is determined to be the country that currently has" sovereignty" over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred.The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live.If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth.In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents.For example, Sweden has used the concept of" födelsehemortdomicile of birth") since 1947.This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth.The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant.Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of" Heimatortlieu d'origineluogo d'origineplace of origin" in German, French and Italian respectively).A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin.A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent.In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth.In some countries( primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase" jus soli".Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality( ies) of the baby's parents( referred to as" jus sanguinis").There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise.The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality( ies) of the parents and/ or the location of the plane or ship( if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).Some administrative forms may request the applicant's" country of birth".It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's" place of birth" or" nationality at birth".For US citizens born abroad who under the US Constitution acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA( American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place.


Question: Where did Leona Woods's husband die?

Answer: Los Angeles

Knowledge 1: Leona Woods
Leona Harriet Woods (August 9, 1919 – November 10, 1986), later known as Leona Woods Marshall and Leona Woods Marshall Libby, was an American physicist who helped build the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb.At age 23, she was the youngest and only female member of the team which built and experimented with the world's first nuclear reactor (then called a "pile"), Chicago Pile-1, in a project led by her mentor Enrico Fermi.In particular, Woods was instrumental in the construction and then utilization of geiger counters for analysis during experimentation.She was the only woman present when the reactor went critical.She worked with Fermi on the Manhattan Project, and, together with her first husband John Marshall, she subsequently helped solve the problem of xenon poisoning at the Hanford plutonium production site, and supervised the construction and operation of Hanford's plutonium production reactors.After the war, she became a fellow at Fermi's Institute for Nuclear Studies.She later worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, the Brookhaven National Laboratory, and New York University, where she became a professor in 1962.Her research involved high-energy physics, astrophysics and cosmology.In 1966 she divorced Marshall and married Nobel laureate Willard Libby.She became a professor at the University of Colorado, and a staff member at RAND Corporation.In later life she became interested in ecological and environmental issues, and she devised a method of using the isotope ratios in tree rings to study climate change.She was a strong advocate of food irradiation as a means of killing harmful bacteria. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Willard Libby
Willard Frank Libby (December 17, 1908 – September 8, 1980) was an American physical chemist noted for his role in the 1949 development of radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionized archaeology and palaeontology.For his contributions to the team that developed this process, Libby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960.A 1927 chemistry graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, from which he received his doctorate in 1933, he studied radioactive elements and developed sensitive Geiger counters to measure weak natural and artificial radioactivity.During World War II he worked inthe Manhattan Project's Substitute Alloy Materials (SAM) Laboratories at Columbia University, developing the gaseous diffusion process for uranium enrichment.After the war, Libby accepted professorship at the University of Chicago's Institute for Nuclear Studies, where he developed the technique for dating organic compounds using carbon-14.He also discovered that tritium similarly could be used for dating water, and therefore wine.In 1950, he became a member of the General Advisory Committee (GAC) of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).He was appointed a commissioner in 1954, becoming its sole scientist.He sided with Edward Teller on pursuing a crash program to develop the hydrogen bomb, participated in the Atoms for Peace program, and defended the administration's atmospheric nuclear testing.Libby resigned from the AEC in 1959 to become Professor of Chemistry at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), a position he held until his retirement in 1976.In 1962, he became the Director of the University of California statewide Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP).He started the first Environmental Engineering program at UCLA in 1972, and as a member of the California Air Resources Board, he worked to develop and improve California's air pollution standards.

Knowledge 1: Leona Woods
Leona Harriet Woods (August 9, 1919 – November 10, 1986), later known as Leona Woods Marshall and Leona Woods Marshall Libby, was an American physicist who helped build the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb.At age 23, she was the youngest and only female member of the team which built and experimented with the world's first nuclear reactor (then called a "pile"), Chicago Pile-1, in a project led by her mentor Enrico Fermi.In particular, Woods was instrumental in the construction and then utilization of geiger counters for analysis during experimentation.She was the only woman present when the reactor went critical.She worked with Fermi on the Manhattan Project, and, together with her first husband John Marshall, she subsequently helped solve the problem of xenon poisoning at the Hanford plutonium production site, and supervised the construction and operation of Hanford's plutonium production reactors.After the war, she became a fellow at Fermi's Institute for Nuclear Studies.She later worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, the Brookhaven National Laboratory, and New York University, where she became a professor in 1962.Her research involved high-energy physics, astrophysics and cosmology.In 1966 she divorced Marshall and married Nobel laureate Willard Libby.She became a professor at the University of Colorado, and a staff member at RAND Corporation.In later life she became interested in ecological and environmental issues, and she devised a method of using the isotope ratios in tree rings to study climate change.She was a strong advocate of food irradiation as a means of killing harmful bacteria. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Sennedjem
The Ancient Egyptian artisan Sennedjem lived in Set Maat( translated as" The Place of Truth"), contemporary Deir el- Medina, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes, during the reigns of Seti I and Ramesses II.Sennedjem had the title" Servant in the Place of Truth".He was buried along with his wife, Iyneferti, and family in a tomb in the village necropolis.His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886.When Sennedjem's tomb was found, in it there was regular furniture from his home, including a stool and a bed, which he actually used when he was alive.His titles included Servant in the Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royal tombs.

Knowledge 1: Leona Woods
Leona Harriet Woods (August 9, 1919 – November 10, 1986), later known as Leona Woods Marshall and Leona Woods Marshall Libby, was an American physicist who helped build the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb.At age 23, she was the youngest and only female member of the team which built and experimented with the world's first nuclear reactor (then called a "pile"), Chicago Pile-1, in a project led by her mentor Enrico Fermi.In particular, Woods was instrumental in the construction and then utilization of geiger counters for analysis during experimentation.She was the only woman present when the reactor went critical.She worked with Fermi on the Manhattan Project, and, together with her first husband John Marshall, she subsequently helped solve the problem of xenon poisoning at the Hanford plutonium production site, and supervised the construction and operation of Hanford's plutonium production reactors.After the war, she became a fellow at Fermi's Institute for Nuclear Studies.She later worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, the Brookhaven National Laboratory, and New York University, where she became a professor in 1962.Her research involved high-energy physics, astrophysics and cosmology.In 1966 she divorced Marshall and married Nobel laureate Willard Libby.She became a professor at the University of Colorado, and a staff member at RAND Corporation.In later life she became interested in ecological and environmental issues, and she devised a method of using the isotope ratios in tree rings to study climate change.She was a strong advocate of food irradiation as a means of killing harmful bacteria. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Place of birth
The place of birth( POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born.This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person.As a general rule with respect to passports, the place of birth is determined to be the country that currently has" sovereignty" over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred.The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live.If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth.In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents.For example, Sweden has used the concept of" födelsehemortdomicile of birth") since 1947.This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth.The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant.Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of" Heimatortlieu d'origineluogo d'origineplace of origin" in German, French and Italian respectively).A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin.A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent.In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth.In some countries( primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase" jus soli".Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality( ies) of the baby's parents( referred to as" jus sanguinis").There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise.The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality( ies) of the parents and/ or the location of the plane or ship( if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).Some administrative forms may request the applicant's" country of birth".It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's" place of birth" or" nationality at birth".For US citizens born abroad who under the US Constitution acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA( American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place.


Question: Who is the spouse of the director of film Beautiful Mexico?

Answer: María Antonieta Pons

Knowledge 1: Beautiful Mexico
Beautiful Mexico (Spanish:México lindo) is a 1938 Mexican musical film directed by Ramón Pereda and starring Pereda, Adriana Lamar and Antonio R. Frausto.The film's sets were designed by the art director Fernando A. Rivero. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Ramón Pereda
Ramón Pereda Saro (1897–1986) was born in (Esles, Spain), Mexican actor, screenwriter film producer and director.He was married to the actresses María Antonieta Pons and Adriana Lamar.He appeared in the 1930 Spanish-language version of the revue film "Paramount on Parade".

Knowledge 1: Adib Kheir
Adib Kheir was a leading Syrian nationalist of the 1920s.He was the owner of the Librairie Universelle in Damascus.His granddaughter is the spouse of Manaf Tlass. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Gertrude of Bavaria
Gertrude of Saxony and Bavaria( 1152/55–1197) was Duchess of Swabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Canute VI.

Knowledge 1: Adib Kheir
Adib Kheir was a leading Syrian nationalist of the 1920s.He was the owner of the Librairie Universelle in Damascus.His granddaughter is the spouse of Manaf Tlass. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg( born María Teresa Mestre y Batista; on 22 March 1956), is the spouse of Grand Duke Henri.


Question: Who is Adélaïde Of France (1732–1800)'s maternal grandmother?

Answer: Catherine Opalińska

Knowledge 1: Adélaïde of France (1732–1800)
Marie Adélaïde de France, (23 March 1732 in Versailles – 27 February 1800 in Trieste), was a French princess, the fourth daughter and sixth child of King Louis XV of France and his consort, Marie Leszczyńska.As the legitimate daughter of the king, she was a "fille de France".She was referred to as "Madame QuatrièmeMadame the Fourth"), until the death of her older sister Marie Louise in 1733, as "Madame TroisièmeMadame the Third"); as "Madame Adélaïde" from 1737 to 1755; as "Madame" from 1755 to 1759; and then as "Madame Adélaïde" again from 1759 until her death.Adélaïde possessed the Duchy of Louvois with her sister Sophie from 1777 until 1792, which had been created for them by their nephew Louis XVI, in their own right. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Marie Leszczyńska
Maria Karolina Zofia Felicja Leszczyńska (23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768), also known as Marie Leczinska , was a Polish princess and French queen consort.The daughter of King Stanisław Leszczyński—Stanislaus I of Poland (later Duke of Lorraine)–and Catherine Opalińska, she married King Louis XV of France and became queen consort of France.She served in that role for 42 years from 1725 until her death in 1768, the longest service of any queen of France, and was popular due to her generosity and piety.She was the grandmother of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X of France.

Knowledge 1: Adélaïde of France (1732–1800)
Marie Adélaïde de France, (23 March 1732 in Versailles – 27 February 1800 in Trieste), was a French princess, the fourth daughter and sixth child of King Louis XV of France and his consort, Marie Leszczyńska.As the legitimate daughter of the king, she was a "fille de France".She was referred to as "Madame QuatrièmeMadame the Fourth"), until the death of her older sister Marie Louise in 1733, as "Madame TroisièmeMadame the Third"); as "Madame Adélaïde" from 1737 to 1755; as "Madame" from 1755 to 1759; and then as "Madame Adélaïde" again from 1759 until her death.Adélaïde possessed the Duchy of Louvois with her sister Sophie from 1777 until 1792, which had been created for them by their nephew Louis XVI, in their own right. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Princess Marie Adelaide of Luxembourg
Princess Marie-Adélaïde of Luxembourg (Marie-Adélaïde Louise Thérèse Wilhelmine; 21 May 1924 – 28 February 2007) was a Luxembourgish princess, the third child and the second daughter of Grand Duchess Charlotte (1896–1985) and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma (1893–1970).

Knowledge 1: Adélaïde of France (1732–1800)
Marie Adélaïde de France, (23 March 1732 in Versailles – 27 February 1800 in Trieste), was a French princess, the fourth daughter and sixth child of King Louis XV of France and his consort, Marie Leszczyńska.As the legitimate daughter of the king, she was a "fille de France".She was referred to as "Madame QuatrièmeMadame the Fourth"), until the death of her older sister Marie Louise in 1733, as "Madame TroisièmeMadame the Third"); as "Madame Adélaïde" from 1737 to 1755; as "Madame" from 1755 to 1759; and then as "Madame Adélaïde" again from 1759 until her death.Adélaïde possessed the Duchy of Louvois with her sister Sophie from 1777 until 1792, which had been created for them by their nephew Louis XVI, in their own right. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Princess Marie of Hanover
Princess Marie of Hanover (2 December 1849 – 4 June 1904) was the younger daughter of King George V of Hanover and of his wife, Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg.


Question: Where was the place of death of Bermudo Iii Of León's father?

Answer: Viseu

Knowledge 1: Bermudo III of León
Bermudo III or Vermudo III (c. 1017 – 4 September 1037) was the king of León from 1028 until his death.He was a son of Alfonso V of León by his first wife Elvira Menéndez, and was the last scion of Peter of Cantabria to rule in the Leonese kingdom.Like several of his predecessors, he sometimes carried the imperial title: in 1030 he appears as "regni imperiiUeremundo principis"; in 1029/1032 as "imperator domnus Veremudius in Gallecia"; and in 1034 as "regni imperii Veremundus rex Legionensis".He was a child when he succeeded his father.In 1034 he was chased from his throne by King Sancho III of Pamplona and forced to take refuge in Galicia.He returned to power, but was defeated and killed fighting against his brother-in-law, Ferdinand of Castile, in the battle of Tamarón. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Alfonso V of León
Alfonso V (9947 August 1028), called the Noble, was King of León from 999 to 1028.Enough is known of him to justify the belief that he had some of the qualities of a soldier and a statesman.Like other kings of León, he used the title emperor to assert his standing among the Christian rulers of Spain.He succeeded his father, Bermudo II, in 999.His mother Elvira García and count Menendo González, who raised him in Galicia, acted as his co-regents.Upon the count's death in 1008, Alfonso ruled on his own.Alfonso began the work of reorganizing the Christian kingdom of the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula after a most disastrous period of civil war and Arab inroads.His name and that of his wife are associated with the grant of the first franchises of León (1017).On Wednesday, 7 August 1028, Alfonso V was killed by an arrow while besieging the Muslim town of Viseu.King Alfonso was buried next to his first wife Elvira, according to his wishes, at the Church of Saint John the Baptist and San Pelayo which later changed its name to the Basilica of San Isidoro when the latter saint's remains were transferred from Seville.The following epitaph was carved on his tomb:

Knowledge 1: Bermudo III of León
Bermudo III or Vermudo III (c. 1017 – 4 September 1037) was the king of León from 1028 until his death.He was a son of Alfonso V of León by his first wife Elvira Menéndez, and was the last scion of Peter of Cantabria to rule in the Leonese kingdom.Like several of his predecessors, he sometimes carried the imperial title: in 1030 he appears as "regni imperiiUeremundo principis"; in 1029/1032 as "imperator domnus Veremudius in Gallecia"; and in 1034 as "regni imperii Veremundus rex Legionensis".He was a child when he succeeded his father.In 1034 he was chased from his throne by King Sancho III of Pamplona and forced to take refuge in Galicia.He returned to power, but was defeated and killed fighting against his brother-in-law, Ferdinand of Castile, in the battle of Tamarón. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Ordoño IV of León
Ordoño IV, called the Wicked or the Bad( c. 926 – Córdoba, c. 962 or 963) was the king of León from 958 until 960, interrupting the reign of Sancho the Fat for a two- year period.He was the son of Alfonso IV of León and his queen, Oneca Sánchez of Pamplona, and nephew of Ramiro II of León and of García Sánchez I of Pamplona.In 958, two years into the reign of Sancho I of León, he benefited from a rebellion of the nobility that would succeed in briefly placing him on the throne.The Leonese nobles, as well as the disaffected Galician and Castilian ones, had grown sick of the obese Sancho.He received particular help in this from his brother- in- law, count Fernán González of Castile, whose daughter he married.However, count Fernán was defeated through a Navarrese and Umayyad alliance on Sancho's behalf in 960, and Ordoño was forced out.Upon losing his throne, Ordoño fled first to Asturias, then Burgos, where he abandoned his wife.This lost him the support of Fernán González, who allied himself with García Sánchez I of Pamplona.The Castilian count sent Ordoño to Ghalib al- Nasiri, commander of the' Middle Frontier' in Medinaceli, from whom he was passed on to the court of the caliph of Córdoba.There he submitted and made a plea for aid.The caliph at first offered him help, but this led his rival Sancho likewise to offer his submission, there by neutralizing any benefit to the caliph helping Ordoño, who died in Cordoba, still dethroned.During the short period of his reign, he was married, for political reasons, to Urraca, daughter of Fernán González and formerly wife of his cousin Ordoño III of León.After Ordoño IV abandoned her, she would remarry to Sancho II of Pamplona.According to chronicler Sampiro, she bore Ordoño IV two children, but their identity is not known with certainty.Chronicler Ibn Hayyan assigns him a son García, but given that Urraca had a son of that name, the future king García Sánchez II of Pamplona by her third husband, Ibn Hayyan may have mistaken this step- son for a son.Likewise, a minority of modern scholars suggested that Bermudo II of León was the son of Ordoño IV rather than of Ordoño III of León, but a contemporary charter naming Bermudo's grandfather as Ramiro refutes this.

Knowledge 1: Alfonso V of León
Alfonso V (9947 August 1028), called the Noble, was King of León from 999 to 1028.Enough is known of him to justify the belief that he had some of the qualities of a soldier and a statesman.Like other kings of León, he used the title emperor to assert his standing among the Christian rulers of Spain.He succeeded his father, Bermudo II, in 999.His mother Elvira García and count Menendo González, who raised him in Galicia, acted as his co-regents.Upon the count's death in 1008, Alfonso ruled on his own.Alfonso began the work of reorganizing the Christian kingdom of the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula after a most disastrous period of civil war and Arab inroads.His name and that of his wife are associated with the grant of the first franchises of León (1017).On Wednesday, 7 August 1028, Alfonso V was killed by an arrow while besieging the Muslim town of Viseu.King Alfonso was buried next to his first wife Elvira, according to his wishes, at the Church of Saint John the Baptist and San Pelayo which later changed its name to the Basilica of San Isidoro when the latter saint's remains were transferred from Seville.The following epitaph was carved on his tomb: [SEP] Knowledge 2: Ordoño IV of León
Ordoño IV, called the Wicked or the Bad( c. 926 – Córdoba, c. 962 or 963) was the king of León from 958 until 960, interrupting the reign of Sancho the Fat for a two- year period.He was the son of Alfonso IV of León and his queen, Oneca Sánchez of Pamplona, and nephew of Ramiro II of León and of García Sánchez I of Pamplona.In 958, two years into the reign of Sancho I of León, he benefited from a rebellion of the nobility that would succeed in briefly placing him on the throne.The Leonese nobles, as well as the disaffected Galician and Castilian ones, had grown sick of the obese Sancho.He received particular help in this from his brother- in- law, count Fernán González of Castile, whose daughter he married.However, count Fernán was defeated through a Navarrese and Umayyad alliance on Sancho's behalf in 960, and Ordoño was forced out.Upon losing his throne, Ordoño fled first to Asturias, then Burgos, where he abandoned his wife.This lost him the support of Fernán González, who allied himself with García Sánchez I of Pamplona.The Castilian count sent Ordoño to Ghalib al- Nasiri, commander of the' Middle Frontier' in Medinaceli, from whom he was passed on to the court of the caliph of Córdoba.There he submitted and made a plea for aid.The caliph at first offered him help, but this led his rival Sancho likewise to offer his submission, there by neutralizing any benefit to the caliph helping Ordoño, who died in Cordoba, still dethroned.During the short period of his reign, he was married, for political reasons, to Urraca, daughter of Fernán González and formerly wife of his cousin Ordoño III of León.After Ordoño IV abandoned her, she would remarry to Sancho II of Pamplona.According to chronicler Sampiro, she bore Ordoño IV two children, but their identity is not known with certainty.Chronicler Ibn Hayyan assigns him a son García, but given that Urraca had a son of that name, the future king García Sánchez II of Pamplona by her third husband, Ibn Hayyan may have mistaken this step- son for a son.Likewise, a minority of modern scholars suggested that Bermudo II of León was the son of Ordoño IV rather than of Ordoño III of León, but a contemporary charter naming Bermudo's grandfather as Ramiro refutes this.


Question: Who is Empress Wang (Gaozong)'s mother-in-law?

Answer: Empress Zhangsun

Knowledge 1: Empress Wang (Gaozong)
Empress Wang (628 – 27 November 655) was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.She was the first wife and empress of Emperor Gaozong and became empress shortly after he became emperor in 649.She, however, did not bear any sons for him and was not favored.Therefore, in apprehension that one of his concubines, Consort Xiao, who was both favored and had a son, might seek to displace her, she recommended a former concubine of Emperor Gaozong's father Emperor Taizong, Consort Wu (later known as Wu Zetian), to be Emperor Gaozong's concubine as well, hoping to divert favor from Consort Xiao.Soon, however, Consort Wu became dominant in the palace and overwhelmed both Empress Wang and Consort Xiao, eventually accusing them of using witchcraft against Emperor Gaozong.Emperor Gaozong reduced both Empress Wang and Consort Xiao to commoner rank and put them under arrest in 655, replacing Empress Wang with Consort Wu.Soon, Empress Wang and Consort Xiao were executed on the new Empress Wu's orders. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Emperor Gaozong of Tang
Emperor Gaozong of Tang (21 July 628 – 27 December 683), personal name Li Zhi, was the third emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, ruling from 649 to 683 (although after January 665 power and governance was primarily in the hands of his powerful second wife Empress Wu, later known as Wu Zetian).Emperor Gaozong was the son of Emperor Taizong and Empress Zhangsun.Emperor Gaozong was aided in his rule by Empress Wu during the later years of his reign after a series of strokes left him incapacitated.Emperor Gaozong delegated all matters of state to his Strong wife and after he died in 683, power fell completely into the hands of Empress Wu, who subsequently became the only Empress regnant in Chinese history.After his death, he was interred at the Qianling Mausoleum along with Wu Zetian.Historians have generally viewed Emperor Gaozong as a weak ruler, inattentive to the business of the state and leaving such business to his powerful wife Empress Wu.During the first part of his reign, Tang territorial gains, which started with his father Emperor Taizong, continued, including the conquest of Baekje, Goguryeo, and the Western Turkic Khaganate, but throughout the 670s, much of those gains were lost to the Tibetan Empire, Silla, Khitan, and Balhae.Further, territory previously conquered that belonged to both the Göktürks and the Western Turkic Khaganate were subjected to repeated rebellions.

Knowledge 1: Emperor Gaozong of Tang
Emperor Gaozong of Tang (21 July 628 – 27 December 683), personal name Li Zhi, was the third emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, ruling from 649 to 683 (although after January 665 power and governance was primarily in the hands of his powerful second wife Empress Wu, later known as Wu Zetian).Emperor Gaozong was the son of Emperor Taizong and Empress Zhangsun.Emperor Gaozong was aided in his rule by Empress Wu during the later years of his reign after a series of strokes left him incapacitated.Emperor Gaozong delegated all matters of state to his Strong wife and after he died in 683, power fell completely into the hands of Empress Wu, who subsequently became the only Empress regnant in Chinese history.After his death, he was interred at the Qianling Mausoleum along with Wu Zetian.Historians have generally viewed Emperor Gaozong as a weak ruler, inattentive to the business of the state and leaving such business to his powerful wife Empress Wu.During the first part of his reign, Tang territorial gains, which started with his father Emperor Taizong, continued, including the conquest of Baekje, Goguryeo, and the Western Turkic Khaganate, but throughout the 670s, much of those gains were lost to the Tibetan Empire, Silla, Khitan, and Balhae.Further, territory previously conquered that belonged to both the Göktürks and the Western Turkic Khaganate were subjected to repeated rebellions. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Empress Wang (Chenghua)
Empress Wang, formally Empress Xiaozhenchun (died 1518) was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Chenghua Emperor.Empress Wang was chosen by the emperor to the position of empress after her predecessor had been deposed due to a conflict with the emperors favorite concubine, Consort Wan.Aware of the mistake of her predecessor, Wang was very anxious to avoid any conflict with the emperors favorite.Consort Wan had no son with the emperor after her first son died in infancy, and feared the competition if any other of the emperors consorts or concubines gave birth to a son.It was said that empress Wang deliberately stayed childless to avoid such a conflict with Consort Wan.The efforts to avoid all conflicts with Consort Wan and to show herself submissive to her, did secure the position of empress Wang at court.In 1487, the Chenghua Emperor died, and empress Wang was given the title Empress Dowager.The Hongzhi Emperor granted her the title Grand Empress Dowager.In 1510, she was further raised in rank by the then-reigning emperor, Emperor Zhengde, who was the eldest son of the Hongzhi Emperor and the grandson of the Chenghua Emperor.

Knowledge 1: Empress Wang (Gaozong)
Empress Wang (628 – 27 November 655) was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.She was the first wife and empress of Emperor Gaozong and became empress shortly after he became emperor in 649.She, however, did not bear any sons for him and was not favored.Therefore, in apprehension that one of his concubines, Consort Xiao, who was both favored and had a son, might seek to displace her, she recommended a former concubine of Emperor Gaozong's father Emperor Taizong, Consort Wu (later known as Wu Zetian), to be Emperor Gaozong's concubine as well, hoping to divert favor from Consort Xiao.Soon, however, Consort Wu became dominant in the palace and overwhelmed both Empress Wang and Consort Xiao, eventually accusing them of using witchcraft against Emperor Gaozong.Emperor Gaozong reduced both Empress Wang and Consort Xiao to commoner rank and put them under arrest in 655, replacing Empress Wang with Consort Wu.Soon, Empress Wang and Consort Xiao were executed on the new Empress Wu's orders. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Empress Wang (Chenghua)
Empress Wang, formally Empress Xiaozhenchun (died 1518) was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Chenghua Emperor.Empress Wang was chosen by the emperor to the position of empress after her predecessor had been deposed due to a conflict with the emperors favorite concubine, Consort Wan.Aware of the mistake of her predecessor, Wang was very anxious to avoid any conflict with the emperors favorite.Consort Wan had no son with the emperor after her first son died in infancy, and feared the competition if any other of the emperors consorts or concubines gave birth to a son.It was said that empress Wang deliberately stayed childless to avoid such a conflict with Consort Wan.The efforts to avoid all conflicts with Consort Wan and to show herself submissive to her, did secure the position of empress Wang at court.In 1487, the Chenghua Emperor died, and empress Wang was given the title Empress Dowager.The Hongzhi Emperor granted her the title Grand Empress Dowager.In 1510, she was further raised in rank by the then-reigning emperor, Emperor Zhengde, who was the eldest son of the Hongzhi Emperor and the grandson of the Chenghua Emperor.


Question: Where was the place of death of the director of film Madame Lu?

Answer: Mülheim an der Ruhr

Knowledge 1: Madame Lu
Madame Lu or Madame Lu, the Woman for Discreet Advice (German: Madame Lu, die Frau für diskrete Beratung)is a 1929 German silent film directed by Franz Hofer and starring Ida Wüst, Gerdi Gerdt and Hans Mierendorff.The film's art direction was by Leopold Blonder. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Franz Hofer
Franz Hofer (November 27, 1902 in Bad Hofgastein – February 18, 1975 in Mülheim an der Ruhr) was, in the time of the Third Reich, the Nazi Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg.As the Nazi party chief for the Tirol/Vorarlberg province he was the most powerful figure in the region.As the area's supreme Nazi, Hofer dealt directly with Hitler or with the Führer's deputy, Martin Bormann.Hofer was not only the party chief but the Reichskommissar in charge of the Tirol-Vorarlberg defences.His region embraced much of the suspected National Redoubt.Indeed, Hofer might well be considered the father of the Redoubt.Born to a Bad Hofgastein hotelkeeper, Hofer went to the Volksschule-Realschule in Innsbruck and in 1922 began a career as a freelance salesman.In September 1931, he joined the NSDAP.He very quickly rose in the Party, becoming District Leader in April 1932, and in July of the same year acting Gauleiter of the Tyrol.Only four months later, on 27 November 1932 – Hofer's thirtieth birthday – he was promoted to Gauleiter of the Tyrol.For his activities in the Nazi Party, which was banned in Austria, Hofer was arrested in June 1933 and sentenced by a Tyrolean court to two years in prison.On 30 August 1933, 4 armed SA men broke into Hofer's prison cell by force and freed him.He fled the prison amid gunfire, which wounded him.He made it to Italy, and only a few weeks later gave a speech at the Nuremberg Party Congress from his stretcher.In early 1937, having recovered from his gunshot wounds, Hofer became leader of the "Leaders' and Members' Political Gathering Place for Austrians in Germany", with a job in Berlin.After the Anschluss, he was once again appointed the Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg.In the same year, he was given the function of ministerial adviser and the rank of NSKK Obergruppenführer.On 1 September 1940 he was furthermore made the governor ("Reichsstatthalter") of the "Reichsgau" of Tyrol-Vorarlberg.After Italy forsook the Axis Powers, Hofer was chosen on 10 September 1943 to be the Supreme Commissar in the Operation Zone of the Alpine Foothills (consisting of the neighbouring Italian provinces of Belluno, South Tyrol and Trentino joined to his own Reichsgau of Tyrol-Vorarlberg).Gauleiter Hofer was an accomplished marksman who often competed in regional and national shooting matches.In 1944 Hofer won a shooting competition in the city of Bolzano, qualifying him for the national competition which was held in Innsbruck that year.Using a specially crafted 22 cal Mauser rifle (serial #300354)Hofer finished 7th.In November 1944, Hofer suggested in a memorandum to Adolf Hitler that an Alpenfestung ("Alpine Fortress") ought to be built up in the heart of the Alps as Nazi Germany's last bastion.Apparently Hitler's secretary Martin Bormann only brought this document to the Führer's attention early the next year.Hofer had a personal audience with Hitler in late January 1945. 'Hofer reminded the German leader that the Allies dreaded the thought of continued fighting from an Alpenfestung.Considering the fact that the Ardennes Offensive had failed, Hitler was receptive to such an idea.The German leader authorized preparations to fortify the Alps.'Hofer and his team actually started work on this in mid-February.Hofer was called to Hitler's Berlin bunker again on 12 April 1945 to discuss further his proposal.Hitler – 18 days before his own suicide and still convinced that his "Endsieg" was possible – again approved Hofer's ongoing plan and appointed him Reich Defence Commissar of the "Alpenfestung".On May 3, 1945 Hofer surrendered to American troops.This surrender was achieved by OSS agent Frederick Mayer.It was not long before Hofer's freedom was curtailed.On 6 May 1945, he was arrested by the United States Army in Hall in Tirol and held in an internment camp.In 1948, he managed to flee to Germany, where he continued his former trade as a salesman in Mülheim, in the end under his true name.In Austria in June 1949, Hofer was sentenced to death "in absentia".In July 1953, a Munich appeal court upheld a sentence of 3 years and 5 months in labour prison.When interviewed by the press during this time, Hofer made it known he was unrepentant about his National Socialist convictions.In 1964, a lawsuit brought by Hofer's children for the return of ownership of the "Lachhof bei Hall" where their father had lived while he was the Gauleiter, was dismissed by an Austrian court.Hofer spent his later years in Mülheim an der Ruhr with his wife and seven children, continued his former trade as a salesman and died a natural death on February 18, 1975, under his real name.

Knowledge 1: Franz Hofer
Franz Hofer (November 27, 1902 in Bad Hofgastein – February 18, 1975 in Mülheim an der Ruhr) was, in the time of the Third Reich, the Nazi Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg.As the Nazi party chief for the Tirol/Vorarlberg province he was the most powerful figure in the region.As the area's supreme Nazi, Hofer dealt directly with Hitler or with the Führer's deputy, Martin Bormann.Hofer was not only the party chief but the Reichskommissar in charge of the Tirol-Vorarlberg defences.His region embraced much of the suspected National Redoubt.Indeed, Hofer might well be considered the father of the Redoubt.Born to a Bad Hofgastein hotelkeeper, Hofer went to the Volksschule-Realschule in Innsbruck and in 1922 began a career as a freelance salesman.In September 1931, he joined the NSDAP.He very quickly rose in the Party, becoming District Leader in April 1932, and in July of the same year acting Gauleiter of the Tyrol.Only four months later, on 27 November 1932 – Hofer's thirtieth birthday – he was promoted to Gauleiter of the Tyrol.For his activities in the Nazi Party, which was banned in Austria, Hofer was arrested in June 1933 and sentenced by a Tyrolean court to two years in prison.On 30 August 1933, 4 armed SA men broke into Hofer's prison cell by force and freed him.He fled the prison amid gunfire, which wounded him.He made it to Italy, and only a few weeks later gave a speech at the Nuremberg Party Congress from his stretcher.In early 1937, having recovered from his gunshot wounds, Hofer became leader of the "Leaders' and Members' Political Gathering Place for Austrians in Germany", with a job in Berlin.After the Anschluss, he was once again appointed the Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg.In the same year, he was given the function of ministerial adviser and the rank of NSKK Obergruppenführer.On 1 September 1940 he was furthermore made the governor ("Reichsstatthalter") of the "Reichsgau" of Tyrol-Vorarlberg.After Italy forsook the Axis Powers, Hofer was chosen on 10 September 1943 to be the Supreme Commissar in the Operation Zone of the Alpine Foothills (consisting of the neighbouring Italian provinces of Belluno, South Tyrol and Trentino joined to his own Reichsgau of Tyrol-Vorarlberg).Gauleiter Hofer was an accomplished marksman who often competed in regional and national shooting matches.In 1944 Hofer won a shooting competition in the city of Bolzano, qualifying him for the national competition which was held in Innsbruck that year.Using a specially crafted 22 cal Mauser rifle (serial #300354)Hofer finished 7th.In November 1944, Hofer suggested in a memorandum to Adolf Hitler that an Alpenfestung ("Alpine Fortress") ought to be built up in the heart of the Alps as Nazi Germany's last bastion.Apparently Hitler's secretary Martin Bormann only brought this document to the Führer's attention early the next year.Hofer had a personal audience with Hitler in late January 1945. 'Hofer reminded the German leader that the Allies dreaded the thought of continued fighting from an Alpenfestung.Considering the fact that the Ardennes Offensive had failed, Hitler was receptive to such an idea.The German leader authorized preparations to fortify the Alps.'Hofer and his team actually started work on this in mid-February.Hofer was called to Hitler's Berlin bunker again on 12 April 1945 to discuss further his proposal.Hitler – 18 days before his own suicide and still convinced that his "Endsieg" was possible – again approved Hofer's ongoing plan and appointed him Reich Defence Commissar of the "Alpenfestung".On May 3, 1945 Hofer surrendered to American troops.This surrender was achieved by OSS agent Frederick Mayer.It was not long before Hofer's freedom was curtailed.On 6 May 1945, he was arrested by the United States Army in Hall in Tirol and held in an internment camp.In 1948, he managed to flee to Germany, where he continued his former trade as a salesman in Mülheim, in the end under his true name.In Austria in June 1949, Hofer was sentenced to death "in absentia".In July 1953, a Munich appeal court upheld a sentence of 3 years and 5 months in labour prison.When interviewed by the press during this time, Hofer made it known he was unrepentant about his National Socialist convictions.In 1964, a lawsuit brought by Hofer's children for the return of ownership of the "Lachhof bei Hall" where their father had lived while he was the Gauleiter, was dismissed by an Austrian court.Hofer spent his later years in Mülheim an der Ruhr with his wife and seven children, continued his former trade as a salesman and died a natural death on February 18, 1975, under his real name. [SEP] Knowledge 2: S. N. Mathur
S.N. Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980.He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab.

Knowledge 1: Madame Lu
Madame Lu or Madame Lu, the Woman for Discreet Advice (German: Madame Lu, die Frau für diskrete Beratung)is a 1929 German silent film directed by Franz Hofer and starring Ida Wüst, Gerdi Gerdt and Hans Mierendorff.The film's art direction was by Leopold Blonder. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Michael Govan
Michael Govan( born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art since 2006.Prior to this, Govan worked as the director of the Dia Art Foundation in New York City.


Question: Which film was released more recently, Terra Senza Tempo or Dorf Im Herbst?

Answer: Dorf Im Herbst

Knowledge 1: Terra senza tempo
Terra senza tempo is a 1950 Italian film directed by Silvestro Prestifilippo. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Dorf im Herbst
Dorf im Herbst is an East German film.It was released in 1953.

Knowledge 1: Frisians in Peril
Frisians in Peril( German: Friesennot) is a 1935 German drama film directed by Peter Hagen and starring Friedrich Kayßler, Jessie Vihrog and Valéry Inkijinoff.Made for Nazi propaganda purposes, it concerns a village of ethnic Frisians in Russia.The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert A. Dietrich and Bernhard Schwidewski.Location shooting took place around Bispingen.It premiered at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo.The film has also been known as Dorf im roten Sturm( Germany; reissue title) and Frisions in Distress( USA). [SEP] Knowledge 2: Battle in Outer Space
The film was released theatrically in the United States in the summer of 1960 by Columbia Pictures.

Knowledge 1: Frisians in Peril
Frisians in Peril( German: Friesennot) is a 1935 German drama film directed by Peter Hagen and starring Friedrich Kayßler, Jessie Vihrog and Valéry Inkijinoff.Made for Nazi propaganda purposes, it concerns a village of ethnic Frisians in Russia.The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert A. Dietrich and Bernhard Schwidewski.Location shooting took place around Bispingen.It premiered at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo.The film has also been known as Dorf im roten Sturm( Germany; reissue title) and Frisions in Distress( USA). [SEP] Knowledge 2: The Wonderful World of Captain Kuhio
The film was released in Japan on 10 October 2009.


Question: Who died first, Leslie Alcock or Dara Shikoh?

Answer: Dara Shikoh

Knowledge 1: Dara Shikoh
Dara Shikoh, also known as Dara Shukoh,( 20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659) was the eldest son and heir- apparent of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.Dara was designated with the title" Padshahzada- i- Buzurg MartabaPrince of High Rank") and was favoured as a successor by his father and his older sister, Princess Jahanara Begum.In the war of succession which ensued after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657, Dara was defeated by his younger brother Prince Muhiuddin( later, the Emperor Aurangzeb).He was executed in 1659 on Aurangzeb's orders in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne.Dara was a liberal- minded unorthodox Muslim as opposed to the orthodox Aurangzeb.A great patron of the arts, he was also more inclined towards philosophy and mysticism rather than military pursuits.The course of the history of the Indian subcontinent, had Dara Shikoh prevailed over Aurangzeb, has been a matter of some conjecture among historians. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Leslie Alcock
Leslie Alcock OBE FRSE( 24 April 1925 – 6 June 2006) was Professor of Archaeology at the University of Glasgow, and one of the leading archaeologists of Early Mediaeval Britain.His major excavations included Dinas Powys hill fort in Wales, Cadbury Castle in Somerset and a series of major hillforts in Scotland.

Knowledge 1: Leslie Alcock
Leslie Alcock OBE FRSE( 24 April 1925 – 6 June 2006) was Professor of Archaeology at the University of Glasgow, and one of the leading archaeologists of Early Mediaeval Britain.His major excavations included Dinas Powys hill fort in Wales, Cadbury Castle in Somerset and a series of major hillforts in Scotland. [SEP] Knowledge 2: François Bernier
François Bernier( 25 September 162022 September 1688) was a French physician and traveller.He was born at Joué- Etiau in Anjou.He was briefly personal physician to Mughal prince Dara Shikoh( 28 October 161530 August 1659), the eldest son of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, and after Dara Shikoh's demise, was attached to the court of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb( 14 October 161820 February 1707), for around 12 years during his stay in India.His 1684 publication" Nouvelle division de la terre par les différentes espèces ou races qui l'habitent A new division of the Earth") is considered the first published post-Classical classification of humans into distinct races.He also wrote" Travels in the Mughal Empire", which is mainly about the reigns of Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb.It is based on his own extensive journeys and observations, and on information from eminent Mughal courtiers who had witnessed the events at first hand.Bernier abridged and translated the philosophical writings of his friend Pierre Gassendi from Latin into French.Initial editions of Bernier's" Abregé de la Philosophie de Gassendi" were published in Paris in 1674 by the family Langlois and in 1675 by Estienne Michallet.A complete edition in eight volumes was published by Anisson and Posuel at Lyon in 1678; Anisson and Posuel joined with Rigaud to publish a second edition in seven volumes in 1684.Bernier objectively and faithfully rendered Gassendi's ideas in his" Abregé", without editorial interjection or invention.However, Bernier remained uncomfortable with some of Gassendi's notions: in 1682, Estienne Michallet was again his publisher, putting forth his" Doutes de Mr. Bernier sur quelques- uns des principaux Chapitres de son Abregé de la Philosophie de Gassendi".

Knowledge 1: Dara Shikoh
Dara Shikoh, also known as Dara Shukoh,( 20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659) was the eldest son and heir- apparent of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.Dara was designated with the title" Padshahzada- i- Buzurg MartabaPrince of High Rank") and was favoured as a successor by his father and his older sister, Princess Jahanara Begum.In the war of succession which ensued after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657, Dara was defeated by his younger brother Prince Muhiuddin( later, the Emperor Aurangzeb).He was executed in 1659 on Aurangzeb's orders in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne.Dara was a liberal- minded unorthodox Muslim as opposed to the orthodox Aurangzeb.A great patron of the arts, he was also more inclined towards philosophy and mysticism rather than military pursuits.The course of the history of the Indian subcontinent, had Dara Shikoh prevailed over Aurangzeb, has been a matter of some conjecture among historians. [SEP] Knowledge 2: François Bernier
François Bernier( 25 September 162022 September 1688) was a French physician and traveller.He was born at Joué- Etiau in Anjou.He was briefly personal physician to Mughal prince Dara Shikoh( 28 October 161530 August 1659), the eldest son of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, and after Dara Shikoh's demise, was attached to the court of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb( 14 October 161820 February 1707), for around 12 years during his stay in India.His 1684 publication" Nouvelle division de la terre par les différentes espèces ou races qui l'habitent A new division of the Earth") is considered the first published post-Classical classification of humans into distinct races.He also wrote" Travels in the Mughal Empire", which is mainly about the reigns of Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb.It is based on his own extensive journeys and observations, and on information from eminent Mughal courtiers who had witnessed the events at first hand.Bernier abridged and translated the philosophical writings of his friend Pierre Gassendi from Latin into French.Initial editions of Bernier's" Abregé de la Philosophie de Gassendi" were published in Paris in 1674 by the family Langlois and in 1675 by Estienne Michallet.A complete edition in eight volumes was published by Anisson and Posuel at Lyon in 1678; Anisson and Posuel joined with Rigaud to publish a second edition in seven volumes in 1684.Bernier objectively and faithfully rendered Gassendi's ideas in his" Abregé", without editorial interjection or invention.However, Bernier remained uncomfortable with some of Gassendi's notions: in 1682, Estienne Michallet was again his publisher, putting forth his" Doutes de Mr. Bernier sur quelques- uns des principaux Chapitres de son Abregé de la Philosophie de Gassendi".


Question: Are Justine Lupe and Mark Kistler both from the same country?

Answer: yes

Knowledge 1: Mark Kistler
Mark Kistler is an American artist who hosts drawing instruction programs for children, young adults, and their parents to teach the freedom and joy of drawing. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Justine Lupe
Justine Lupe- Schomp, also known as Justine Lupe, is an American actress.She is known for her roles on" Mr. MercedesSuccession Cristela", and" The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel".

Knowledge 1: Mark Kistler
Mark Kistler is an American artist who hosts drawing instruction programs for children, young adults, and their parents to teach the freedom and joy of drawing. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Telephone numbers in Ascension Island
Country Code:+ 247< br> International Call Prefix: 00 Ascension Island does not share the same country code( +290) with the rest of St Helena.

Knowledge 1: Justine Lupe
Justine Lupe- Schomp, also known as Justine Lupe, is an American actress.She is known for her roles on" Mr. MercedesSuccession Cristela", and" The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel". [SEP] Knowledge 2: 2001–02 UEFA Champions League second group stage
Eight winners and eight runners- up from the first group stage were drawn into four groups of four teams, each containing two group winners and two runners- up.Teams from the same country or from the same first round group could not be drawn together.The top two teams in each group advanced to the quarter- finals.


Question: Where did John Athalarichos's father die?

Answer: Constantinople

Knowledge 1: John Athalarichos
John Athalarichos , also spelled as Atalarichos, Athalaric, and At'alarik, was an illegitimate son of the 7th century Byzantine Emperor Heraclius.In 637, he was alleged to have taken part in a plot to overthrow Heraclius and seize the throne.His name, Athalarichos, is Gothic, composed of the elements Athala (from Proto-Germanic word *"aþala" meaning "noble") and richos (from *"reiks" meaning "ruler"). [SEP] Knowledge 2: Heraclius
Heraclius ("Flavios Iraklios"; c. 575 – February 11, 641) was the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 610 to 641.His rise to power began in 608, when he and his father, Heraclius the Elder, the exarch of Africa, led a revolt against the unpopular usurper Phocas.Heraclius's reign was marked by several military campaigns.The year Heraclius came to power, the empire was threatened on multiple frontiers.Heraclius immediately took charge of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628.The first battles of the campaign ended in defeat for the Byzantines; the Persian army fought their way to the Bosphorus but Constantinople was protected by impenetrable walls and a strong navy, and Heraclius was able to avoid total defeat.Soon after, he initiated reforms to rebuild and strengthen the military.Heraclius drove the Persians out of Asia Minor and pushed deep into their territory, defeating them decisively in 627 at the Battle of Nineveh.The Persian king Khosrow II was overthrown and executed by his son Kavad II, who soon sued for a peace treaty, agreeing to withdraw from all occupied territory.This way peaceful relations were restored to the two deeply strained empires.Heraclius lost many of his newly-regained lands to the Muslim conquests.Emerging from the Arabian Peninsula, the Muslims quickly conquered the Sasanian Empire.In 634 the Muslims marched into Roman Syria, defeating Heraclius's brother Theodore.Within a short period of time, the Arabs conquered Mesopotamia, Armenia and Egypt.Heraclius entered diplomatic relations with the Croats and Serbs in the Balkans.He tried to repair the schism in the Christian church in regard to the Monophysites, by promoting a compromise doctrine called Monothelitism.The Church of the East (commonly called Nestorian) was also involved in the process.Eventually this project of unity was rejected by all sides of the dispute.

Knowledge 1: Heraclius
Heraclius ("Flavios Iraklios"; c. 575 – February 11, 641) was the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 610 to 641.His rise to power began in 608, when he and his father, Heraclius the Elder, the exarch of Africa, led a revolt against the unpopular usurper Phocas.Heraclius's reign was marked by several military campaigns.The year Heraclius came to power, the empire was threatened on multiple frontiers.Heraclius immediately took charge of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628.The first battles of the campaign ended in defeat for the Byzantines; the Persian army fought their way to the Bosphorus but Constantinople was protected by impenetrable walls and a strong navy, and Heraclius was able to avoid total defeat.Soon after, he initiated reforms to rebuild and strengthen the military.Heraclius drove the Persians out of Asia Minor and pushed deep into their territory, defeating them decisively in 627 at the Battle of Nineveh.The Persian king Khosrow II was overthrown and executed by his son Kavad II, who soon sued for a peace treaty, agreeing to withdraw from all occupied territory.This way peaceful relations were restored to the two deeply strained empires.Heraclius lost many of his newly-regained lands to the Muslim conquests.Emerging from the Arabian Peninsula, the Muslims quickly conquered the Sasanian Empire.In 634 the Muslims marched into Roman Syria, defeating Heraclius's brother Theodore.Within a short period of time, the Arabs conquered Mesopotamia, Armenia and Egypt.Heraclius entered diplomatic relations with the Croats and Serbs in the Balkans.He tried to repair the schism in the Christian church in regard to the Monophysites, by promoting a compromise doctrine called Monothelitism.The Church of the East (commonly called Nestorian) was also involved in the process.Eventually this project of unity was rejected by all sides of the dispute. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Where I Was From
Where I Was From is a 2003 collection of essays by Joan Didion.It concerns the history and culture of California, where Didion was born and spent much of her life." Where I Was From" combines aspects of historical writing, journalism, and memoir to present a history of California as well as Didion's own experiences in that state.The book attempts to understand the differences between California's factual history and its perceived reputation.According to Didion," This book represents an exploration into my own confusions about the place and the way in which I grew up ... misapprehensions and misunderstandings so much a part of who I became that I can still to this day confront them only obliquely.Where I Was From" is also in parts a retrospective on Didion's work, examining how these" confusions" affected books such as" Run, River".Diane Johnson summarizes the apparent hypocrisies of California culture that Didion discusses in the book:Like all California children, Didion had been fed the old stories of California history, but when she eventually came to think about them, she could see they did n't' add up.'The disjunction between myth and reality was too large, the basic paradoxes of the California psyche too obvious: mistrust of government while feeding at the troughs of public works and agricultural subsidies; unchecked commercial exploitation of natural resources in the very footsteps of John Muir; the decline of education from a place near the top of the nation to somewhere near that of Mississippi; apathy, increasing rates of crime, and crime's related social problems.In" The New York Times Book Review", novelist and critic Thomas Mallon wrote," The more penetrating and idiosyncratic moments of' Where I Was From' are the work of someone who can still be very much herself, someone who is even now, arguably, a great American writer."Some sections of" Where I Was From" appeared previously in" The New York Review of BooksEsquire", and" The New Yorker".

Knowledge 1: John Athalarichos
John Athalarichos , also spelled as Atalarichos, Athalaric, and At'alarik, was an illegitimate son of the 7th century Byzantine Emperor Heraclius.In 637, he was alleged to have taken part in a plot to overthrow Heraclius and seize the throne.His name, Athalarichos, is Gothic, composed of the elements Athala (from Proto-Germanic word *"aþala" meaning "noble") and richos (from *"reiks" meaning "ruler"). [SEP] Knowledge 2: Where I Was From
Where I Was From is a 2003 collection of essays by Joan Didion.It concerns the history and culture of California, where Didion was born and spent much of her life." Where I Was From" combines aspects of historical writing, journalism, and memoir to present a history of California as well as Didion's own experiences in that state.The book attempts to understand the differences between California's factual history and its perceived reputation.According to Didion," This book represents an exploration into my own confusions about the place and the way in which I grew up ... misapprehensions and misunderstandings so much a part of who I became that I can still to this day confront them only obliquely.Where I Was From" is also in parts a retrospective on Didion's work, examining how these" confusions" affected books such as" Run, River".Diane Johnson summarizes the apparent hypocrisies of California culture that Didion discusses in the book:Like all California children, Didion had been fed the old stories of California history, but when she eventually came to think about them, she could see they did n't' add up.'The disjunction between myth and reality was too large, the basic paradoxes of the California psyche too obvious: mistrust of government while feeding at the troughs of public works and agricultural subsidies; unchecked commercial exploitation of natural resources in the very footsteps of John Muir; the decline of education from a place near the top of the nation to somewhere near that of Mississippi; apathy, increasing rates of crime, and crime's related social problems.In" The New York Times Book Review", novelist and critic Thomas Mallon wrote," The more penetrating and idiosyncratic moments of' Where I Was From' are the work of someone who can still be very much herself, someone who is even now, arguably, a great American writer."Some sections of" Where I Was From" appeared previously in" The New York Review of BooksEsquire", and" The New Yorker".


Question: Which film has the director born later, Passionate Summer or Little Presents?

Answer: Little Presents

Knowledge 1: Passionate Summer
Passionate Summer is a 1958 British drama film directed by Rudolph Cartier and starring Virginia McKenna, Bill Travers and Yvonne Mitchell.It is also known by the alternative title Storm Over Jamaica.It was based on a best- selling 1949 novel by Richard Mason called" The Shadow and the Peak".The screenplay concerns a British schoolteacher who moves to Jamaica to teach after a tumultuous divorce, but meets an exciting new woman. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Jack Witikka
Jack Witikka( 20 December 1916 – 28 January 2002; surname until 1942" Jakobsson") was a Finnish film director and screenwriter.He directed 15 films between 1951 and 1968.His 1961 film" Little Presents" was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival.He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki. [SEP] Knowledge 3: Little Presents
Little Presents is a 1961 Finnish drama film directed by Jack Witikka.It was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival. [SEP] Knowledge 4: Rudolph Cartier
Rudolph Cartier( born Rudolph Kacser, renamed himself in Germany to Rudolph Katscher; 17 April 1904 – 7 June 1994) was an Austrian television director, filmmaker, screenwriter and producer who worked predominantly in British television, exclusively for the BBC.He is best known for his 1950s collaborations with screenwriter Nigel Kneale, most notably the" Quatermass" serials and their 1954 adaptation of George Orwell's dystopian novel" Nineteen Eighty- Four".After studying architecture and then drama, Cartier began his career as a screenwriter and then film director in Berlin, working for UFA Studios.After a brief spell in the United States he moved to the United Kingdom in 1935.Initially failing to gain a foothold in the British film industry, he began working for BBC Television in the lae 1930s( among other productions he was involved in the making of Rehearsal for a Drama, BBC 1939).The outbreak of war, however, meant that his contract was terminated; his television play The Dead Eye was stopped in the production stage.After the war, he occasionally worked for British films before he was again hired by the BBC in 1952.He soon became one of the public service broadcaster's leading directors and went on to produce and direct over 120 productions in the next 24 years, ending his television career with the play" Loyalties" in 1976.Active in both dramatic programming and opera, Cartier won the equivalent of a BAFTA in 1957 for his work in the former, and one of his operatic productions was given an award at the 1962 Salzburg Festival.The British Film Institute's" Screenonline" website describes him as" a true pioneer of television", while the critic Peter Black once wrote that:" Nobody was within a mile of Rudolph Cartier in the trick of making a picture on a TV screen seem as wide and as deep as CinemaScope."

Knowledge 1: Little Presents
Little Presents is a 1961 Finnish drama film directed by Jack Witikka.It was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Jack Witikka
Jack Witikka( 20 December 1916 – 28 January 2002; surname until 1942" Jakobsson") was a Finnish film director and screenwriter.He directed 15 films between 1951 and 1968.His 1961 film" Little Presents" was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival.He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki. [SEP] Knowledge 3: Passionate Summer
Passionate Summer is a 1958 British drama film directed by Rudolph Cartier and starring Virginia McKenna, Bill Travers and Yvonne Mitchell.It is also known by the alternative title Storm Over Jamaica.It was based on a best- selling 1949 novel by Richard Mason called" The Shadow and the Peak".The screenplay concerns a British schoolteacher who moves to Jamaica to teach after a tumultuous divorce, but meets an exciting new woman. [SEP] Knowledge 4: Rudolph Cartier
Rudolph Cartier( born Rudolph Kacser, renamed himself in Germany to Rudolph Katscher; 17 April 1904 – 7 June 1994) was an Austrian television director, filmmaker, screenwriter and producer who worked predominantly in British television, exclusively for the BBC.He is best known for his 1950s collaborations with screenwriter Nigel Kneale, most notably the" Quatermass" serials and their 1954 adaptation of George Orwell's dystopian novel" Nineteen Eighty- Four".After studying architecture and then drama, Cartier began his career as a screenwriter and then film director in Berlin, working for UFA Studios.After a brief spell in the United States he moved to the United Kingdom in 1935.Initially failing to gain a foothold in the British film industry, he began working for BBC Television in the lae 1930s( among other productions he was involved in the making of Rehearsal for a Drama, BBC 1939).The outbreak of war, however, meant that his contract was terminated; his television play The Dead Eye was stopped in the production stage.After the war, he occasionally worked for British films before he was again hired by the BBC in 1952.He soon became one of the public service broadcaster's leading directors and went on to produce and direct over 120 productions in the next 24 years, ending his television career with the play" Loyalties" in 1976.Active in both dramatic programming and opera, Cartier won the equivalent of a BAFTA in 1957 for his work in the former, and one of his operatic productions was given an award at the 1962 Salzburg Festival.The British Film Institute's" Screenonline" website describes him as" a true pioneer of television", while the critic Peter Black once wrote that:" Nobody was within a mile of Rudolph Cartier in the trick of making a picture on a TV screen seem as wide and as deep as CinemaScope."

Knowledge 1: Passionate Summer
Passionate Summer is a 1958 British drama film directed by Rudolph Cartier and starring Virginia McKenna, Bill Travers and Yvonne Mitchell.It is also known by the alternative title Storm Over Jamaica.It was based on a best- selling 1949 novel by Richard Mason called" The Shadow and the Peak".The screenplay concerns a British schoolteacher who moves to Jamaica to teach after a tumultuous divorce, but meets an exciting new woman. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Little Presents
Little Presents is a 1961 Finnish drama film directed by Jack Witikka.It was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival. [SEP] Knowledge 3: Rudolph Cartier
Rudolph Cartier( born Rudolph Kacser, renamed himself in Germany to Rudolph Katscher; 17 April 1904 – 7 June 1994) was an Austrian television director, filmmaker, screenwriter and producer who worked predominantly in British television, exclusively for the BBC.He is best known for his 1950s collaborations with screenwriter Nigel Kneale, most notably the" Quatermass" serials and their 1954 adaptation of George Orwell's dystopian novel" Nineteen Eighty- Four".After studying architecture and then drama, Cartier began his career as a screenwriter and then film director in Berlin, working for UFA Studios.After a brief spell in the United States he moved to the United Kingdom in 1935.Initially failing to gain a foothold in the British film industry, he began working for BBC Television in the lae 1930s( among other productions he was involved in the making of Rehearsal for a Drama, BBC 1939).The outbreak of war, however, meant that his contract was terminated; his television play The Dead Eye was stopped in the production stage.After the war, he occasionally worked for British films before he was again hired by the BBC in 1952.He soon became one of the public service broadcaster's leading directors and went on to produce and direct over 120 productions in the next 24 years, ending his television career with the play" Loyalties" in 1976.Active in both dramatic programming and opera, Cartier won the equivalent of a BAFTA in 1957 for his work in the former, and one of his operatic productions was given an award at the 1962 Salzburg Festival.The British Film Institute's" Screenonline" website describes him as" a true pioneer of television", while the critic Peter Black once wrote that:" Nobody was within a mile of Rudolph Cartier in the trick of making a picture on a TV screen seem as wide and as deep as CinemaScope." [SEP] Knowledge 4: Jack Witikka
Jack Witikka( 20 December 1916 – 28 January 2002; surname until 1942" Jakobsson") was a Finnish film director and screenwriter.He directed 15 films between 1951 and 1968.His 1961 film" Little Presents" was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival.He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.