<s>[INST] The next text is a question of a member of the European parliament:"Turkey received EUR 4.58 billion from the instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA) for the period 2007-2013 and EUR 4.49 billion for 2014-2020.However, Turkey will no longer benefit from this instrument in 2021-2027.The Commission retained ultimate responsibility for the IPA, but entrusted the Turkish authorities with managing most of the pre-accession funds through the indirect management approach.This management mode meant the Commission placed responsibility for budgetary management with the Turkish authorities, thus running the risk of funds being poorly managed.1.Did the Commission introduce a safeguard clause enabling the Union to recover the funds paid to Turkey in the event that the country never actually accedes to the Union? If so, what time frame is established?2.On what basis did the Commission determine the total amount allocated to Turkey under the instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA and IPA II)?3.Why did the Commission not opt for direct management of the funds allocated to Turkey?"
Analyze carefully the text and assign it to the most relevant policy area among those listed below. Do not explain your answer and return only a number.
Policy area numbers: 1 = Macroeconomics
2 = Civil Rights, Minority Issues and Civil Liberties
3 = Health
4 = Agriculture and Fisheries
5 = Labour, employment and pensions
6 = Education
7 = Environment
8 = Energy
9 = Immigration
10 = Transportation
12 = Law and Crime
13 = Social welfare
14 = Regional and Urban issues and Planning
15 = Banking, finance and domestic commerce issues
16 = Defence
17 = Space, science, technology, and communications issues
18 = Foreign trade
19 = International affairs and foreign aid
20 = Governance and government
21 = Public Lands, Water Management and Territorial Issues
23 = Culture and media
[/INST]. Answer = [19]. </s>
Turkey received EUR 4.58 billion from the instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA) for the period 2007-2013 and EUR 4.49 billion for 2014-2020.However, Turkey will no longer benefit from this instrument in 2021-2027.The Commission retained ultimate responsibility for the IPA, but entrusted the Turkish authorities with managing most of the pre-accession funds through the indirect management approach.This management mode meant the Commission placed responsibility for budgetary management with the Turkish authorities, thus running the risk of funds being poorly managed.1.Did the Commission introduce a safeguard clause enabling the Union to recover the funds paid to Turkey in the event that the country never actually accedes to the Union? If so, what time frame is established?2.On what basis did the Commission determine the total amount allocated to Turkey under the instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA and IPA II)?3.Why did the Commission not opt for direct management of the funds allocated to Turkey?