<s>[INST] The next text is a question of a member of the European parliament:"Article 10(1) of the EC television Directive (Dir 89/0552/EEC(1) as amended by Dir 97/0036/EC(2)) requires clear separation between advertising and programmes. This principle of separation between advertising and programmes has now been incorporated into German broadcasting law. Section 7(4) of the third German Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting 1997, lays down the same principle. A new Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting is currently being prepared. On 24June 1999 the German Land prime ministers approved the draft fourth amending Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting; it now must be ratified in all 16 Land parliaments and is due to come into force on 1April 2000. A new Section 7(4) has been inserted which reads as follows:  A transmitted image may include advertising, provided that the advertising is clearly optically separate from the rest of the programme and identified as such.  Section 7(4) thus allows broadcasters to split a screen image into a programme and an advertising window at the same time. Much the same applies to what is termed virtual advertising, involving the technical capability to subsequently alter an image so that either complete advertising messages are inserted into the image or an existing advert is modified. The insertion of virtual advertising is to be allowed under the fourth amending Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting, pursuant to Section 7(6), provided that reference is made to this at the start and end of the broadcast in question and an existing advert is to be replaced.    Taking this into consideration:      1.  In the Commission's view, is there an infringement of the principle of separation under Article 10 of the EC television Directive if advertising and programming are allowed at the same time and they are simply physically separate on screen?      2.  In the Commission's view, is it compatible with the EC television Directive to allow virtual advertising?      3.  Is the Commission acquainted with the expert opinions, which have led to a major change in legal interpretation, that a time-delay between advertising and programmes is not mandatory?      4.  If so, what are the expert opinions in question?      5.  How does the Commission assess the intended amendments in the fourth amending Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting due to come into force in Germany on 1April 2000?      (1)OJ L 298, 17.10.1989, p. 23.  (2)OJ L 202, 30.7.1997, p. 60."
Analyze carefully the text and assign it to the most relevant policy area among those listed below. Do not explain your answer and return only a number.
Policy area numbers: 1 = Macroeconomics
2 = Civil Rights, Minority Issues and Civil Liberties
3 = Health
4 = Agriculture and Fisheries
5 = Labour, employment and pensions
6 = Education
7 = Environment
8 = Energy
9 = Immigration
10 = Transportation
12 = Law and Crime
13 = Social welfare
14 = Regional and Urban issues and Planning
15 = Banking, finance and domestic commerce issues
16 = Defence
17 = Space, science, technology, and communications issues
18 = Foreign trade
19 = International affairs and foreign aid
20 = Governance and government
21 = Public Lands, Water Management and Territorial Issues
23 = Culture and media
[/INST]. Answer = [23]. </s>
Article 10(1) of the EC television Directive (Dir 89/0552/EEC(1) as amended by Dir 97/0036/EC(2)) requires clear separation between advertising and programmes. This principle of separation between advertising and programmes has now been incorporated into German broadcasting law. Section 7(4) of the third German Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting 1997, lays down the same principle. A new Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting is currently being prepared. On 24June 1999 the German Land prime ministers approved the draft fourth amending Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting; it now must be ratified in all 16 Land parliaments and is due to come into force on 1April 2000. A new Section 7(4) has been inserted which reads as follows:  A transmitted image may include advertising, provided that the advertising is clearly optically separate from the rest of the programme and identified as such.  Section 7(4) thus allows broadcasters to split a screen image into a programme and an advertising window at the same time. Much the same applies to what is termed virtual advertising, involving the technical capability to subsequently alter an image so that either complete advertising messages are inserted into the image or an existing advert is modified. The insertion of virtual advertising is to be allowed under the fourth amending Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting, pursuant to Section 7(6), provided that reference is made to this at the start and end of the broadcast in question and an existing advert is to be replaced.    Taking this into consideration:      1.  In the Commission's view, is there an infringement of the principle of separation under Article 10 of the EC television Directive if advertising and programming are allowed at the same time and they are simply physically separate on screen?      2.  In the Commission's view, is it compatible with the EC television Directive to allow virtual advertising?      3.  Is the Commission acquainted with the expert opinions, which have led to a major change in legal interpretation, that a time-delay between advertising and programmes is not mandatory?      4.  If so, what are the expert opinions in question?      5.  How does the Commission assess the intended amendments in the fourth amending Inter-Länder Treaty on Broadcasting due to come into force in Germany on 1April 2000?      (1)OJ L 298, 17.10.1989, p. 23.  (2)OJ L 202, 30.7.1997, p. 60.