<s>[INST] The next text is a question of a member of the European parliament:"On 16 October 1996 the Commission decided to instigate infringement proceedings against France for imposing the """"""""Contribution au Remboursement de la Dette Sociale"""""""" (CRDS) on Dutch pensioners resident in France who pay social premiums in the Netherlands in respect of their pensions.  1.  Is the CRDS premium to be regarded as a tax on income which has to be paid in France pursuant to an agreement between France and the Netherlands, or as a social security premium which, in principle, is levied on Dutch citizens only in the Netherlands in respect of income from pensions?  2.  What stage have the infringement proceedings reached, and what action is the Commission taking to compel France to comply with European legislation?"
Analyze carefully the text and assign it to the most relevant policy area among those listed below. Do not explain your answer and return only a number.
Policy area numbers: 1 = Macroeconomics
2 = Civil Rights, Minority Issues and Civil Liberties
3 = Health
4 = Agriculture and Fisheries
5 = Labour, employment and pensions
6 = Education
7 = Environment
8 = Energy
9 = Immigration
10 = Transportation
12 = Law and Crime
13 = Social welfare
14 = Regional and Urban issues and Planning
15 = Banking, finance and domestic commerce issues
16 = Defence
17 = Space, science, technology, and communications issues
18 = Foreign trade
19 = International affairs and foreign aid
20 = Governance and government
21 = Public Lands, Water Management and Territorial Issues
23 = Culture and media
[/INST]. Answer = [1]. </s>
On 16 October 1996 the Commission decided to instigate infringement proceedings against France for imposing the """"""""Contribution au Remboursement de la Dette Sociale"""""""" (CRDS) on Dutch pensioners resident in France who pay social premiums in the Netherlands in respect of their pensions.  1.  Is the CRDS premium to be regarded as a tax on income which has to be paid in France pursuant to an agreement between France and the Netherlands, or as a social security premium which, in principle, is levied on Dutch citizens only in the Netherlands in respect of income from pensions?  2.  What stage have the infringement proceedings reached, and what action is the Commission taking to compel France to comply with European legislation?