It is certain that Emily is a sheep. It is probably not the case that Bernhard is a frog. Chances are about even that John left the apple. It is highly likely that if 'John left the apple and Bernhard is a frog' then Julius is a lion. There is a very good chance that if either 'Bernhard is a frog' or 'John left the apple' but not both then Winona is a sheep. It is impossible that if 'Emily is a sheep' or 'John left the apple' or both then Mary went to the garden.
It is certain that 'Julius is a lion' or 'Winona is a sheep' or both.
Chances are about even that 'Julius is a lion' or 'Winona is a sheep' or both.
It is certain that 'Julius is a lion' or 'Winona is a sheep' or both.

  and(A,B) :- A,B.
  or(A,B) :- A;B.
  nand(A,B) :- not(and(A,B)).
  nor(A,B) :- not(or(A,B)).
  xor(A,B) :- or(A,B), nand(A,B).

  %hop0
  1.0::factA.
  0.25::factB.
  0.5::factC.
  %hop1
  0.9::factX:-and(factC,factB).
  0.8::factY:-xor(factB,factC).
  0.0::factZ:-or(factA,factC).

  %hop2
  conclusion:-or(factX,factY).

  query(conclusion).
  
'Julius is a lion' or 'Winona is a sheep' or both.