If a specific medical cause can be identified, treatment should be tailored to the etiology, taking into account the potential risks for already frail patients.
Oftentimes, treatment will involve nutritional supplementation, physical/occupational/speech therapy, modifications of living environment, and treatment of depression and/or dementia.
Failure to thrive
Chronic or recurrent infections
Stridor 
Immunodeficiency
Stridor
Endocrine disorder
Hiccups
Cancer