Adult (permanent) teeth identified by numbers
From the midline to the back of the mouth on each side, there is a central incisor, a lateral incisor, a canine, two premolars (bicuspids), and three molars
Children (non-permanent) teeth identified by letters
Common landmarks:
1: Right upper wisdom
8 & 9: Upper incisors
16: Left upper wisdom
17: Left lower wisdom
24 & 25: Lower incisors
32: Right lower wisdom
From the midline to the back of the mouth on each side, there is a central incisor, a lateral incisor, a canine, two premolars (bicuspids), and three molars
1: Right upper wisdom
8 & 9: Upper incisors
16: Left upper wisdom
17: Left lower wisdom
24 & 25: Lower incisors
32: Right lower wisdom
Maxillary teeth: upper row
Mandibular teeth: lower row
Facial: Portion of tooth seen when the mouth is open/smiles. Applicable to all teeth
Labial: facial surface of the incisors and canines
Buccal: facial surface of the premolars and molars
Oral: Portion of tooth that faces the tongue or palate. Applies to all teeth
Lingual: Toward the tongue; the oral surface of the mandibular teeth
Palatal: Toward the palate; the oral surface of the maxillary teeth
Apical: Toward the tip of the root of the tooth
Coronal: Toward the crown or the biting surface of the tooth
Occlusal: Biting or chewing surface of the premolars and molars
Incisal: Biting or chewing surface of the incisors and canines
Approximal/interproximal: contacting surfaces between two adjacent teeth
Mesial: interproximal surface facing anteriorly or closest to the midline
Distal:  interproximal surface facing posteriorly or away from the midline 
Labial: facial surface of the incisors and canines
Buccal: facial surface of the premolars and molars
Lingual: Toward the tongue; the oral surface of the mandibular teeth
Palatal: Toward the palate; the oral surface of the maxillary teeth
Occlusal: Biting or chewing surface of the premolars and molars
Incisal: Biting or chewing surface of the incisors and canines
Mesial: interproximal surface facing anteriorly or closest to the midline
Distal:  interproximal surface facing posteriorly or away from the midline
Dental problems
Dental fracture
Anorectal disorders
Dental subluxation
CVC catheter problems
Dental avulsion
Skin and soft tissue infections
Bleeding dental socket