Inflammatory, demyelinating condition of the optic nerve highly associated with MS
50% will go on to develop MS
Presenting feature of MS in 15-20% of patients
Female and Caucasian predominance
Age 20-50 years old
More prevalent in populations located at higher latitudes
50% will go on to develop MS
Idiopathic
Multiple sclerosis
Postchildhood vaccination
Viral infection
Measles, mumps, varicella zoster virus, EBV
Inflammation of structures contiguous with the optic nerve
Meninges, orbit, sinuses
Other infections
Syphilis, Tuberculosis, Cryptococcus
Sarcoidosis, uveitis
Temporal arteritis
Vasculitides
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Hypertensive retinopathy, papilledema
Diabetes mellitus retinopathy
Intracranial tumor, orbital tumor
Glaucoma
Measles, mumps, varicella zoster virus, EBV
Meninges, orbit, sinuses
Syphilis, Tuberculosis, Cryptococcus
Optic neuritis
Painful
Traumatic optic neuropathy
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Vestibular neuritis
Endophthalmitis
Temporal arteritis†
Labyrinthitis