Common complication of sickle cell anemia, constituting 79-91% of ED visits
Sickled red blood cells obstruct vasculature, causing ischemic injury and<unk> 
Provider misconceptions can interfere with adequate<unk>  assessment and can lead to insufficient treatment. Avoid use of the terms "sickler" or "frequent flier." Early, adequate, and aggressive<unk>  treatment is essential. 
Stress
Cold weather
Dehydration
Hypoxia
Infection
Acidosis
Alcohol intoxication
Pregnancy
Exertional stress
Vaso-occlusive pain crisis
Acute arterial ischemia
Bony infarction
Crotaline envenomation
Dactylitis
Neurogenic shock
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Heat stroke