Definition: "The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from<unk> /immersion in liquid"
Term "near-drowning" no longer used
Term "near-drowning" no longer used
Ethanol intoxication
Syncope
Cardiac arrhythmia
ACS
Non-accidental trauma<unk>  → voluntary breath holding → aspiration → coughing/laryngospasm → aspiration continues → hypoxia → death
Aspiration destroys surfactant which → alveolar collapse, atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and V-Q mismatch.
Fresh vs salt water has no clinical relevance
Submersion injury
Hypothermia
Blast injury
Immersion pulmonary edema
Stingray injury
Marine toxins, envenomations, and bites
High-pressure injection injury
Scuba diving emergencies