Subcutaneous tissue: nodules that are not cosmetically pleasing, but usually asymptomatic
Muscle: asymptomatic or sometimes painful due to surrounding inflammation
Cardiac cysts are rare: arrhythmias/conduction abnormalities
Parenchymal NCC
Most common presentation of NCC
Most cases are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally after resolution of infection (see image below)
Those with symptoms usually present with seizures (focal or generalized)
Focal neurologic deficits
Extraparenchymal NCC: more often present with headaches, vomiting, hydrocephalus
Intraventricular cysts: can get lodged in ventricular outflow tracts and cause obstructive hydrocephalus and increased ICP causing nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, papilledema
Subarachnoid cysts: can cause inflammatory response leading to arachnoiditis which may result in hydrocephalus, meningitis, stroke, and vasculitis
Ocular (1-3% of cases): diplopia if EOM involvement, vision loss or pain if intra-ocular
Spinal (1% of cases): radicular pain, paresthesias, cauda equina symptoms
Most common presentation of NCC
Most cases are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally after resolution of infection (see image below)
Those with symptoms usually present with seizures (focal or generalized)
Focal neurologic deficits
Intraventricular cysts: can get lodged in ventricular outflow tracts and cause obstructive hydrocephalus and increased ICP causing nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, papilledema
Subarachnoid cysts: can cause inflammatory response leading to arachnoiditis which may result in hydrocephalus, meningitis, stroke, and vasculitis
Ocular (1-3% of cases): diplopia if EOM involvement, vision loss or pain if intra-ocular
Spinal (1% of cases): radicular pain, paresthesias, cauda equina symptoms
Cysticercosis
Brain abscess
Paraphimosis
Vasculitis
Japanese encephalitis
Tuberculomas or Mycotic granulomas
Leishmaniasis
Primary brain tumors or metastases