Peak effect:
IM: Children: 15 to 30 minutes; Adults: 30 to 60 minutes
IV: 5 to 7 minutes
Intranasal: 10 minutes
Duration
IV: Single dose: <2 hours (dose-dependent),up to 6 hours with cirrhosis
IM: Up to 6 hours; Mean: 2 hours
Intranasal: Children: 18 to 41 minutes
Half-life: 1.8-6.4 hr
Metabolism: Metabolized in liver by CYP3A4 to active metabolite α1-hydroxymidazolam
Excretion: Renal
Mechanism of Action: CNS depressant. Acts at GABA receptor to increase frequency of chloride channel opening, causing hyperpolarization and stabilization of neuronal membrane.
IM: Children: 15 to 30 minutes; Adults: 30 to 60 minutes
IV: 5 to 7 minutes
Intranasal: 10 minutes
IV: Single dose: <2 hours (dose-dependent),up to 6 hours with cirrhosis
IM: Up to 6 hours; Mean: 2 hours
Intranasal: Children: 18 to 41 minutes
Midazolam
Triazolam
Ketofol
Propofol
Ketamine
Dexmedetomidine
Fentanyl
Diazepam