Coagulase<unk> : Staph aureus
Always consider as true bacteremia (and not a contaminant) due to the danger of delaying treatment
Coagulase Negative:
Staph epidermidis
Most common cause of catheter-related bacteremia
Most common skin contaminant found in blood cultures
Staph saprophyticus
UTIs in women
Staph lugdunensis
Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis, and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Staphylococus lugdunensis should raise concerns for endocarditis with a single<unk>  blood culture
Staph haemolyticus
Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis
Always consider as true bacteremia (and not a contaminant) due to the danger of delaying treatment
Staph epidermidis
Most common cause of catheter-related bacteremia
Most common skin contaminant found in blood cultures
Staph saprophyticus
UTIs in women
Staph lugdunensis
Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis, and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Staphylococus lugdunensis should raise concerns for endocarditis with a single<unk>  blood culture
Staph haemolyticus
Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis
Most common cause of catheter-related bacteremia
Most common skin contaminant found in blood cultures
UTIs in women
Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis, and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Staphylococus lugdunensis should raise concerns for endocarditis with a single<unk>  blood culture
Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis
Enterococcus (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium)
May cause bacteremia in the proper clinical setting (UTI, intra-abdominal infections, infected vascular catheters, and endocarditis)
Strep viridans
In general are low virulence pathogens and likely contaminants (21-50% of<unk>  blood cultures are clinically significant)
Risk factors for VGS bacteremia include: neutropenia, oral mucositis, irradiation to the oral cavity, antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, intravenous hyperalimentation, high dose chemotherapy
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pairs)
Asociated with pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis and other severe infections
Isolation of this organism is always significant and should be treated
Other Strep Species
ß-hemolytic streptococcus (Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, etc)
May cause bacteremia in the proper clinical setting (UTI, intra-abdominal infections, infected vascular catheters, and endocarditis)
In general are low virulence pathogens and likely contaminants (21-50% of<unk>  blood cultures are clinically significant)
Risk factors for VGS bacteremia include: neutropenia, oral mucositis, irradiation to the oral cavity, antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, intravenous hyperalimentation, high dose chemotherapy
Asociated with pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis and other severe infections
Isolation of this organism is always significant and should be treated
ß-hemolytic streptococcus (Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, etc)
Gram positive bacteria
Gram negative bacteria
Anaerobic bacteria
Viruses
Skin and soft tissue infections
Pseudoparasites
Antifungal
Parasitic diseases