Phased array probe

Pointer to the left hip, probe at left 3rd/4th intercostal space adjacent to sternum
Use to visualize global function and rule out pericardial effusion/tamponade
Can evaluate mitral valve, aortic valve, aortic root, LV squeeze
Can evaluate mitral valve, aortic valve, aortic root, LV squeeze
Pointer to left shoulder, probe at left 3rd/4th intercostal space adjacent to sternum
Tip: obtain parasternal long view, then rotate probe 90 degrees
Use to evaluate LV squeeze, right ventricle
Right heart strain = dilated right ventricle
Right heart strain = dilated right ventricle
Pointer to right, usually below nipple
Use to visualize global function (Left and right ventricle, squeeze)
Use this view to obtain the Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE)
Represents the distance the tricuspid annulus moves longitudinally toward the apex during systole
Measurement obtained using M-Mode with the tracer line through the lateral tricuspid annulus
< 16mm is suggestive of right heart dysfunction
Represents the distance the tricuspid annulus moves longitudinally toward the apex during systole
Measurement obtained using M-Mode with the tracer line through the lateral tricuspid annulus
< 16mm is suggestive of right heart dysfunction
Pointer to right, subxyphoid with probe pointed toward head
Use liver to as acoustic window to visualize heart
Pointer at 12 o'clock (cephalad) and place in sternal notch
Move probe inferior and to the left to visualize aortic arch
Rotate probe clockwise for further image optimization
Can evaluate for aortic dissections/aneurysms, coarctation of the aorta, and aortic stenosis/regurgitation
Can evaluate for aortic dissections/aneurysms, coarctation of the aorta, and aortic stenosis/regurgitation
Start in the Apical 4 chamber view, tilt the probe upwards until the aortic outflow tract is seen
This view can be used to calculate the velocity time integral (VTI) and subsequently<unk>  output to assess fluid responsiveness
Start in the Apical 4 chamber view, rotate the probe until the marker points towards the patient's right shoulder
This view can be used to calculate the velocity time integral (VTI) and subsequently<unk>  output to assess fluid responsiveness (alternate method to the apical 5 chamber view)
Cardiac ultrasound
ECG 
Aortic ultrasound
Cardiac enzymes
Formal echocardiography
Arterial blood gas analysis
Age adjusted D-dimer
Venous blood gas