Direct traumatic effects depend on size and species of<unk> 
Typically, attack appendages of victims
In 70% on surface swimmers, only the lower limb is involved
Upper limb may be injured when the victim attempts to fight off the attack
Massive tissue injury
Substantial tissue loss from stripping mechanism and extremity amputation are common
Hemorrhagic shock
Extremely high incidence of contamination with atypical microorganisms leading to soft tissue infections and necrosis
Most common organisms include Vibrio spp.
Other potential organisms include Pseudomonas, Staph, Citrobacter, Micrococcus
Death is usually due to lack of prehospital resuscitation, hemorrhagic shock, or drowning
In 70% on surface swimmers, only the lower limb is involved
Upper limb may be injured when the victim attempts to fight off the attack
Substantial tissue loss from stripping mechanism and extremity amputation are common
Most common organisms include Vibrio spp.
Other potential organisms include Pseudomonas, Staph, Citrobacter, Micrococcus
Shark bite
Toxins
Snake bites
Ciguatera
Lizard bites
Scombroid
Armed spider bite
Tetrodotoxin 