“Ionizing”<unk>  is electromagnetic or particulate which can create charged particles or ions
"Non-ionizing<unk> " ( e.g., light, microwaves, and radiowaves) does not have sufficient energy to eject an electron from another atom
Ionization of biologically important molecules, e.g., DNA, can cause cellular death
Ionizing<unk>  at higher doses can cause damage to actively dividing and undifferentiated cell types, e.g., stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow, gastrointestinal system, and skin
Radiological exposure devices
Radiological dispersal devices
Nuclear power plant incidents/accidents
Improvised nuclear devices
A RED is a device that can cause exposure to ionizing<unk>  without the knowledge of the person being exposed
Surreptitious placement of a RED could delay discovery and notification of the healthcare community
Injury is based on the<unk>  dose received, whether accidental or intentional in nature
A concealed RED scenario could result in serious injuries
Any device used to spread radioactive material; more commonly thought of as an explosive device or “dirty bomb"
Do not necessarily need to explode in order to spread radiological material into the environment
Non-explosive RDD could cause environmental contamination that could lead to human contamination (e.g. use in facility ventilation systems, fumigation systems, etc.)
Explosion of an improvised explosive devices (IED) with radioactive material could cause additional injury, internal contamination, and panic
Persons near the epicenter of an explosion of a dirty bomb will sustain physical trauma, thermal burns, and embedded foreign bodies including radioactive shrapnel.
Amount of physical damage from RDD would depend on amount and type of explosives used; additional radiological consequences would depend on source and physical properties as well as explosive device
Removal of foreign bodies would require healthcare providers wear PPE and have access to<unk>  monitoring equiment (e.g. ring dosimeters)
Management of internal contamination via inhalation or wounds might be required for some patients
Non-explosive RDD could cause environmental contamination that could lead to human contamination (e.g. use in facility ventilation systems, fumigation systems, etc.)
The Fukushima Japan nuclear power plant disaster in March of 2011 was highly unusual and the first time that such a serious situation at a nuclear power plant resulted from an environmental disaster.
Nuclear power plants use the energy created by the fissioning of atomic nuclei ("splitting" of the atom) to generate electricity. *Heat generated during fission process converts water to steam, which then is used to drive electricity-generating turbines
Loss of power to coolant pumps can allow reactor core to overheat, which can then cause the radioactive core to "melt-down".
3 forms of energy released by nuclear detonation
Heat (35% of total)
Shock or bomb blast (50%)<unk>  (15%)
The detonation of any kind or size of nuclear weapon would be expected to cause massive physical damage to a community and untold psychological devastation to its population. In 2009, the National Security Staff released the first edition of Planning Guidance for the Response to a Nuclear Detonation10  In this document, planners categorized the devastation, types of physical damage, and types of human injuries based upon distance from the detonation epicenter in zones. The second edition of this document, released in June 2010, updated recommendations and guidance based on intensive modeling efforts to try to further quantify the effects of a nuclear detonation in an urban American city. Part of the updates to the guidance includes further refinement of the proposed damage zones. The document’s authors called the area closest to the epicenter the Severe Damage (SD) zone; the adjacent area the Moderate Damage (MD) zone; and the affected area furthest away from the epicenter, the Light Damage (LD) zone. In addition, a dangerous fallout (DF)<unk>  zone, which is determined by the scattering of radiological material, is also defined3. The presumed “safe” and “dangerous” distances away from the epicenter vary from scenario to scenario in modeling efforts and would be made after-the-fact by the incident commander based upon types of damage found on the ground.  Zone determinations would depend upon:
The yield of the weapon
Whether the detonation was  at a height or at ground level, and
The topographical features of the terrain and its structures.
Heat (35% of total)
Shock or bomb blast (50%)<unk>  (15%)
Radiation exposure 
Trauma 
Dirty bomb
Hazmat exposure
Bioterrorism
Nonaccidental trauma
Chemical weapons
Drugs of abuse