Minimize risk by:
Orienting needle bevel parallel to longitudinal fibers of dura
Using smaller-bore needles (22 gauge or smaller)
Using atraumatic needles
Stylet replacement before needle removal
Recumbency and bedrest NOT effective
Orienting needle bevel parallel to longitudinal fibers of dura
Using smaller-bore needles (22 gauge or smaller)
Using atraumatic needles
Stylet replacement before needle removal
Post-lumbar puncture headache
Migraine headache
Epidural hemorrhage
Tension headache
Cluster headache
Postpartum headache
Meningitis/encephalitis
Neoplastic meningitis