Most common problems in liver transplant patients involve:
Acute graft rejection
1 in 5 have rejection during first year, usually within <1 mo
Vascular thrombosis
Biliary leak or stricture
Malignancy (squamous cell carcinoma, lymphomas, post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder)
Adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs
1 in 5 have rejection during first year, usually within <1 mo
Time from transplantation affects the risk and type of infection.
Early (within the first month)
Donor-derived - bacterial, fungal, parasitic
Nosocomial & surgical-site - C. diff, aspiration Pneumonia, UTI, surgical-site, superinfection of graft tissue
Intermediate (1-6 months after)
Highest risk for opportunistic infections - PCP, TB, fungal (cryptococcus, histoplasma), viral (BK virus, hepatitis B/C, CMV)
Dormant host infection reactivation - HSV, VZV, EBV
Late (more than 6 months after)
Community-acquired infection
Donor-derived - bacterial, fungal, parasitic
Nosocomial & surgical-site - C. diff, aspiration Pneumonia, UTI, surgical-site, superinfection of graft tissue
Highest risk for opportunistic infections - PCP, TB, fungal (cryptococcus, histoplasma), viral (BK virus, hepatitis B/C, CMV)
Dormant host infection reactivation - HSV, VZV, EBV
Community-acquired infection
Liver transplant complications
Most common problems in liver transplant patients involve:
Pancreas transplant complications
Acute graft rejection
Kidney transplant complications
1 in 5 have rejection during first year, usually within <1 mo
Ischemic hepatitis
Vascular thrombosis