Cold/Warm compress-use one or alternate with both-cold has been found to decrease nerve conduction velocity (Herrera, Sandoval, Camargo, & Salvini, 2010)
Stop smoking-this constricts small blood vessels which decrease oxygen to the tissues.
Start anti-inflammatory diet – (detail below) (Hal, 2013)
Lose weight- Weight loss-5% weight reduction results in an 18% improvement in function.  For every 1 pound lost 4 pounds of force is reduced on each knee.   Weight watchers is covered for LA Care patients.
Encourage activity-Yoga type exercises are best for back pain.  Muscle Strengthening and Stretching- especially of the quadriceps. Walking and swimming (although swimming may aggravate lumbar OA due to extension of the spine).
DME-Braces, Shoe wedges, walkers and canes
Encourage participation in Wellness Center
Physical and/or Occupational Therapy-Strengthening, Stretching, Iontophoresis, Phonophoresis, Taping, etc
Discourage bed rest - Any activity is beneficial.  If exercises are intolerable, encourage them to do something, bed rest beyond a good 8 hours sleep, is counterproductive.
Psych Referral for Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) (McBeth, et al., 2011)  (Berkowitz & Katz, 2012)
Acupuncture
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TENS)
Meditation- Recent evidence has shown how meditation can produce better outcomes than medications. (Cherkin, et al 2016) (Hilton, 2017)
OVMC:Pain and Substance Use Disorder
SCVMC:Onboarding
Harbor Macros: AMA
Harbor Macros: Back Pain
Harbor Macros: Abdominal Pain
SCVMC:CUSTODY CARE
Harbor Macros: Chest Pain
Harbor Macros: Pediatrics