Toxic effects of breathing<unk> -containing gases while at depth
Called the "rapture of the deep"
Develops between 3-4ATM (99-132 feet)
Rare at depths less than 30 meters (100 ft) unless breathing non-standard air mixtures
Similar to alcohol, frequent divers can develop subjective "tolerance" to the effects, but impairment remains
Can be prevented by using<unk> -free gas mixture (e.g. heliox), or mixtures with reduced<unk>  content (e.g. helium-nitrogen-oxygen)
Risk factors = exertion during dive, cold conditions, alcohol intoxication before dive
Other inert gases cause similar symptoms at depth - severity based on lipid solubility of the gas
Rare at depths less than 30 meters (100 ft) unless breathing non-standard air mixtures
Similar to alcohol, frequent divers can develop subjective "tolerance" to the effects, but impairment remains
Pascals Law applies to the diving body (without air filled areas such as lungs) states that the pressure applied to any part of the enclosed liquid will be transmitted equally in all directions through the liquid.
Boyles Law applies to the diving body's air filled areas such as lungs, sinuses, middle ear, and states that the volume and pressure of a gas at a given temperature are inversely related.
At 2 ATA (10m/33ft) a given gas would be 1/2 it's volume, at 3 ATA (20m/66ft) it would be 1/3 it's volume and so on.
At 2 ATA (10m/33ft) a given gas would be 1/2 it's volume, at 3 ATA (20m/66ft) it would be 1/3 it's volume and so on.
Nitrogen narcosis
Barotrauma of descent
CO2 narcosis
Otic barotrauma
Malignant hyperthermia
Pulmonary barotrauma
Cholinergic crisis
Sinus barotrauma