Painful
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Optic neuritis
Temporal arteritis†
Painless
Amaurosis fugax
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)†
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)†
High altitude retinopathy
Open-angle glaucoma
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
Retinal detachment†
Stroke†
Vitreous hemorrhage
Traumatic optic neuropathy (although may have pain from the trauma)
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Optic neuritis
Temporal arteritis†
Amaurosis fugax
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)†
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)†
High altitude retinopathy
Open-angle glaucoma
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
Retinal detachment†
Stroke†
Vitreous hemorrhage
Traumatic optic neuropathy (although may have pain from the trauma)
†Emergent Diagnosis<unk> 
Vitamin B<unk> es
Vitamin B1<unk>  (Thiamine)
Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Vitamin B3<unk>  (Pellagra)
Vitamin B9<unk>  (Folate)
Vitamin B7<unk>  (Biotin)
Vitamin B12<unk> <unk>  (Scurvy)<unk>  (Rickets)<unk> <unk> 
Vitamin B1<unk>  (Thiamine)
Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Vitamin B3<unk>  (Pellagra)
Vitamin B9<unk>  (Folate)
Vitamin B7<unk>  (Biotin)
Vitamin B12<unk> 
Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Vitamin A deficiency
Painful
Vitamin E deficiency
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Vitamin A toxicity
Optic neuritis
Vitamin B7 deficiency
Temporal arteritis†