Usually secondary to decreased Total Body Water
Water loss:
Decreased Intake
Water loss > Na loss
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Sweating
Dialysis
Osmotic diuresis
Central DI
Head Trauma
CVA
Tumor
Meningitis
Nephrogenic DI
Thyrotoxicosis
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Sweating
Dialysis
Osmotic diuresis
Head Trauma
CVA
Tumor
Meningitis
Sodium gain:
Increased intake
Na intake
NaBicarb
Incorrect preparation of infant formula
Renal Na retention (secondary to poor perfusion)
Na intake
NaBicarb
Incorrect preparation of infant formula
Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia
Metabolic alkalosis
Hypercapnia
Hyperammonemia
Ketonemia
Lactic acidosis
Anion gap acidosis