Provocative test for iliotibial band syndrome: patient lies on unaffected side and affected leg is abducted while knee is flexed to 90 degrees and leg is then released; positive for iliotibial band syndrome when thigh is released and thigh remains abducted.
Described in 14th century, "plurality must not be posited without necessity", in other words, parsimony in diagnosis; by contrast, see Hickam's dictum.
Sphincter around opening of common bile duct into the duodenum; Oddi, Italian anatomist and surgeon (1864-1913).
Massive idiopathic non-obstructive dilatation of the colon, can be sen in ill patients.
Congenital night blindness; asymptomatic during day; found to be due to mutations in arrestin (in Japanese Oguchi disease) and rhodopsin kinase (in European Oguchi disease).
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with burst-suppression. EEG shows high voltage spike wave discharge followed by burst suppression. Assocated with death in childhood or progression into West's syndrome and Lennox-Gestaut syndrome. Ivan Cameron, son of David Cameron (UK prime minister) , died of this condition.
Association of forearm malformations with Duane syndrome of eye retraction; associated with mutations in SALL4.
In aortic aneurysm, pulsation of aorta felt through cricoid cartilage when chin is elevated.
Tender papule in secondary syphilis.
Syndrome of multiple enchondromas. Increased risk of sarcoma. No known genetic component.
Combined immunodeficiency associated with hypereosinophilia, erythroderma, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, alopecia; autosomal recessive; associated with mutations in Rag-1 and Rag-2 proteins and decreased V(D)J recombination efficiency. Also associated with mutation in ARTEMIS protein (involved in opening coding end hairpins).
Device implanted under the scalp that communicates with the CSF and allows intrathecal delivery of therapeutic agents (e.g., chemotherapy).
Failure of the automatic control of ventilation, named after mythological tale in which the suitor of Neptune's daughter was cursed to lose automatic control over all bodily functions; associated with mutation in ret proto-oncogene; associated with Hirschsprung's disease.
Parasympathetic neurons in the sacral spinal cord that innervate the sphincters of the bowel and bladder.
Also known as Opitz GBBB syndrome. Hypospadias-dysphagia syndrome or telecanthus with associated abnormalities; associated with midline abnormalities such as cleft lip, laryngeal cleft, heart defects, hypospadias, and agenesis of the corpus callosum.
Involuntary dorsiflexion of the toes when stroking the medial/anterior tibial surface superiorly to inferiorly, indicating upper motor neuron defect.
Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
From Bartonella bacilliformis (transmitted by sandfly vector Phlebotomus found in valleys of the Andes mountains, 600-2500 m): profound intravascular hemolytic anemia of a few weeks duration, associated with lesions called verruga peruana resembling Kaposi's sarcoma; also known as Carrión's disease.
Hoarseness from compression of left recurrent laryngeal nerve by a dilated left atrium (e.g., in mitral stenosis), enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and dilated pulmonary artery.
In congenital hip dislocation, rotate hip with patient in supine position and hip abducted; a "clunk" or "click" represents congenitally dislocated hip.
ECG with distinctive convex "hump" at J point associated with hypothermia and temperature around 32C.
Epiphysitis of tibial tubercle resulting from repeated powerful contractions of the quadriceps; seen in adolescents with open physis.
In endocarditis, tender to painful, purplish, split pea-sized, subcutaneous nodules in the pulp of the fingers and/or toes and thenar and hypothenar eminences; transient, disappearing within several days (5% of patients). In acute bacterial endocarditis, associated with minute infective emboli. In subacute bacterial endocarditis, associated with immune complexes and small-vessel arteritis of skin.
Palpable brachial or radial artery when cuff pressure greater than systolic pressure.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, larger lesions can be a source of chronic blood loss, systemic emboli, hypoxemia, hepatic dysfunction, and a high-output cardiac failure. Important risk factor for brain abscess, especially in affected patients with clubbing, cyanosis, and/or polycythemia. Can be treated with aminocaproic acid (an antifibrinolytic agent.
Pigmentation mostly involving the skin and mucous membranes innervated by the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Decision guide for managing acute ankle injury and ordering ankle and foot x-ray series. Ankle x-ray series required only if there is any pain in the malleolar zone and any of these findings: bony tenderness at posterior edge or tip of lateral malleolus, base of fifth metatarsal, or inability to bear weight both immediately and in emergency department. Foot x-ray is required only if there is any pain in the midfoot zone and any of these findings: bone tenderness at base of fifth metatarsal, bone tenderness at navicular, or inability to bear weight both immediately and in emergency department.
Test based on the precipitin reaction where antigen and antibody are placed in separate wells cut in agar; precipitate forms a band between wells at the optimal concentration; described by Ouchterlony in 1948.
Factor V deficiency; also known as parahemophilia.
Eponyms 
Ingrown toenail
Nematocysts
Cryptitis
Vascular ring
Vesiculobullous rashes
Black hairy tongue
Abscess