Different types of presentations:
Least common, worst prognosis
shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, narrow pulse pressure, signs of poor end-organ perfusion, altered mental status, cool peripheries, decreased urine output, increased HR, sBP < 90 mmHg
Develops over days to weeks
Weight gain, peripheral edema, less shortness of breath, +/- rales
Most common, presses rapidly
sBP > 140 mmHg, preserved LV function, marked shortness of breath, minimal weight gain, rales, increased HR, pulmonary edema on CXR
Severe respiratory distress, relative hypertension, cool dipahoretic skin, +/- rales, JVD (94% specific, 39% sensitive), +/- peripheral edema, S3 (99% specific)
Congestive heart failure
Cardiovascular
Lung transplant complications
ACS
High-output heart failure
Acute Valve Dysfunction
Cirrhosis
Aortic Dissection