Weight loss
Ice/warm packs
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Exercise
Topical capsaicin
Topical NSAIDs
Oral NSAIDs
Tylenol
Steroid injections
Tramadol
Refer to this helpful tool from the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons for management and disposition options
Link to knee<unk>  tool
Arthroscopy for removal of meniscal tears or loose foreign bodies
No additional benefit compared to PT and medical therapy in routine<unk>  
Osteotomy in young patients with misalignment of knee or hip joint
Arthroplasty
If all other modalities are ineffective
Prothetic knee/hip/shoulder usually has 10-15 year viability
Infection, Pulmonary embolism are biggest risks
Joint fusion
Relieves pain but prevents motion
May be used in small foot/ankle bones or after failed arthroplasties
No additional benefit compared to PT and medical therapy in routine<unk>  
If all other modalities are ineffective
Prothetic knee/hip/shoulder usually has 10-15 year viability
Infection, Pulmonary embolism are biggest risks
Relieves pain but prevents motion
May be used in small foot/ankle bones or after failed arthroplasties
Osteoarthritis
Acute osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Avascular necrosis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Crystal-induced 
Reactive arthritis
Gonococcal arthritis, arthritis-dermatitis syndrome