Exact mechanism unclear; inhibits postsynaptic D2 receptor supersensitivity, alters cation transport in nerve cells, influences serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake, inhibits phosphatidylinositol cycle second messenger systems
Lithium
Methylphenidate
Venlafaxine
Mirtazapine
Valproic acid
Ziprasidone
Alprazolam
Risperidone