Failure of penicillin in streptococcal infection when bacteria are not growing, i.e., beta-lactams being more effective against rapidly growing bacteria in the early stages and less effective as bacterial growth slows. Described by Eagle in 1952.
Prune-belly syndrome with triad of abdominal muscle deficiency, urinary tract abnormalities, and cryptorchidism.
Isolated, peripheral retinal vasculitis.
Filovirus causing viral hemorrhagic fever
Congenital heart disease with downward displacement of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle due to anomalous attachment of the tricuspid leaflets; associated with maternal exposure to lithium.
Pulmonary embolism after travel, described by Symington and Stack in Br J Dis Chest 1977; 71:138-40.
Normal variant ST segment elevation seen V2 or V3 where there is a shallow upward concavity; pattern disappears when leads are recorded one interspace lower than usual (Am Heart J 1954;48:331).
Part of the cranial nerve III complex involved in direct and consensual light reflex involved in efferent limb of reflex arc.
Trisomy 18, 1/8,000 births, mental retardation, prominent occiput, micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker-bottom feet, flexion deformities of the fingers, and congenital heart disease.
Clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that result from defect in collagen synthesis or structure, at least 10 variants, characterized by hyperextensible skin and hypermobile joints.
Reaction where p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reacts with urobilinogen in a strong acid medium to produce a brown-orange color.
Congenital heart disease with a ventricular septal defect with right ventricular hypertrophy, severe pulmonary hypertension, and frequent straddling of the defect by a misplaced aortic root.
Cardiac failure with significant right to left shunt producing cyanosis due to higher pressure on the right side of the shunt; usually due to Eisenmenger complex or any anomalous circulatory communication from e.g. congenital heart disease that leads to obliterative pulmonary vascular disease.
Restless leg syndrome.
Extremely rare, fatal encephalopathy described in Japanese children with Shigella sonnei or Shigella flexneri infections.
Neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease characterized by silvery hair, CNS dysfunction, abnormal melanocytes and melanosomes, and abnormal inclusion bodies in fibroblasts and other cells; similar dermatologic features to Chédiak-Higashi syndrome and Griscelli syndrome but without defect in immune system.
Chondroectodermdal dysplasia, short-limbed dwarfism, polydactyly, single atrium or atrial septal defect, autosomal recessive, reported most often in Amish. Associated with mutation in EVC gene.
For diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism, assessing for phosphaturia in response to exogenous PTH.
In hypertensive retinopathy, yellow (early) or hyperpigmented (late) patches of retinal pigment epithelium overlying infarcted choriocapillaris lobules.
Distinctive form of muscular dystrophy with humero-peroneal weakness and quite pronounced muscle contractions and by severe cardiac arrhythmias which may cause sudden death; due to mutations in lamin A/C gene on 1q21.2-q21.3.
In benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, a treatment maneuver for moving calcium carbonate debris to the common crus of the anterior and posterior canals and exit into the utricular canal; symptoms are improved in 90% of patients with no recurrence in 50-70% (also see Semont maneuver and Brandt-Daroff exercises).
Outbreak of jaundice that occurred in 84 individuals after ingestion of bread made with flour contaminated with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane in England in 1965.
Magnesium sulfate, can be used as laxative.
Member of herpesvirus family; causes mononucleosis 35-50% when infection occurs in adolescence or young adulthood. Associated with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EBV binds to CD21 found on epithelial cells and B cells; however a large number of T suppressor cells and EBV specific cells are seen as atypical lymphocytes.
Small, white cysts along the median raphe of the hard palate.
Upper plexus palsy affecting C5 and C6 and +/- C7 nerve roots associated with weakness of shoulder and arm.
Rare, rapidly fatal, multisystem histiocytosis syndrome that usually affects adults, characterized by bone pain, xanthomas, xanthelasma, exophthalmos, diabetes insipidus, retroperitoneal, and pulmonary disease; tropism for adipose and connective tissues.
Seen in osteopetrosis, where the ends of long bones are bulbous.
Rubber bandage applied around a part from distal to proximal in order to expel blood from it (Johannes Friedrich August von Esmarch, German surgeon, 1823-1908).
In anesthesia, jaw thrust to open an obstructed airway.
Triad of radial head fracture , disruption of interosseous membrane, and distal radioulnar joint disruption
A canal leading from the upper part of the pharynx to the middle ear; after Bartolomeo Eustachi, Italian anatomist (died 1574).
In the fetus, a membranous fold at the opening of the IVC that directs blood flow from the IVC to the foramen ovale; after closure of the foramen ovale, no specific function; prominent eustachian valve more commonly found in patients with presumed paradoxical embolism; after Bartolomeo Eustachi, Italian anatomist (died 1574).
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Described by Evans in 1951.
In large pericardial effusion, dullness to percussion of the left lung over the angle of the scapula may occur; due to compressive atelectasis by the large pericardial sac.
Same tumor as primitive neuroectodermal tumor or small round cell tumor of bone, 85% of cases there is a t(11;22)(q24:q12) translocation; second most common cancer of bone in children and adolescents. Onion skinning, a radiographic finding.
Eponyms 
Ingrown toenail
Nematocysts
Cryptitis
Vascular ring
Vesiculobullous rashes
Black hairy tongue
Abscess