May complain of:
Diplopia (frequent complaint) upon attempting lateral gaze and esotropia at rest
May have a head turn to help correct their diplopia
Vision loss
Hearing loss
Symptoms of vasculitis, most commonly giant cell arteritis (headache, tenderness of the scalp, jaw claudication, reduced visual acuity, tinnitus, fever_
+/- history of diabetes, hypertension, stroke, fever, and headache
May have a head turn to help correct their diplopia
Excluding paresis of the other cranial<unk> s
Check ocular muscle movements
Check for papilledema
Test pupillary response
Test ocular motor<unk> s (CN III, IV, and VI)
Trace a full H-pattern with finger and have the patient follow the finger only with their eyes
Patients with abducens<unk>  palsy are unable to move the affected eye laterally
In order to avoid diplopia, patients will turn their heads away from the lesion so that both eyes are looking sideways
Check deep tendon reflexes and strength to exclude corticospinal tract involvement
Trace a full H-pattern with finger and have the patient follow the finger only with their eyes
Patients with abducens<unk>  palsy are unable to move the affected eye laterally
In order to avoid diplopia, patients will turn their heads away from the lesion so that both eyes are looking sideways
Check deep tendon reflexes and strength to exclude corticospinal tract involvement
Sixth nerve palsy
Increased intracranial pressure 
Third nerve palsy
Vascular: Aneurysm, central venous sinus thrombosis
Fourth nerve palsy
Inflammatory: Post-viral, demyelinating, sarcoidosis, giant cell arteritis, Miller-Fisher Syndrome variant of Guillian-Barre Syndrome
Ulnar neuropathy
Neoplastic: Lesions in the cerebellopontine angle. In children – pontine glioma