Should NOT be coadministered with
ketamine
etomidate
propofol
extreme caution should be used when combined with benzodiazepines or opioids
Age less than 4 years and/or weight less than 15 kg
ASA Class 3 or above
Closed head injury, recent craniotomy, altered level of consciousness or suspicion of elevated intracranial pressure
Penetrating globe injury or recent eye surgery
Complex upper respiratory infection (obstructive sinusitis, bullous otitis media)
Maxillofacial injuries
Acute asthma, bullous emphysema or pneumonia
Pneumothorax or chest trauma
Pulmonary hypertension
Congenital heart disease
Bowel obstruction or ileus
Recent SCUBA diving, barotrauma or decompression illness
Pregnancy
ketamine
etomidate
propofol
extreme caution should be used when combined with benzodiazepines or opioids
Nitrous oxide
Methyl isocyanate
Naphthalene
PCP
Chlorine gas
Lindane
Toxic alcohols
Ethacrynic acid