Painful
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Optic neuritis
Temporal arteritis†
Painless
Amaurosis fugax
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)†
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)†
High altitude retinopathy
Open-angle glaucoma
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
Retinal detachment†
Stroke†
Vitreous hemorrhage
Traumatic optic neuropathy (although may have pain from the trauma)
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Optic neuritis
Temporal arteritis†
Amaurosis fugax
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)†
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)†
High altitude retinopathy
Open-angle glaucoma
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
Retinal detachment†
Stroke†
Vitreous hemorrhage
Traumatic optic neuropathy (although may have pain from the trauma)
†Emergent Diagnosis
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)






Retinal detachment






CMV retinitis






Open-angle glaucoma (cupping)






Roth spots due to retinal vein occlusion (retinal hemorrhage)






Central retinal artery occlusion: cherry-red spot, retinal edema and narrowing of the vessels.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
Retinal detachment
CMV retinitis
Open-angle glaucoma (cupping)
Roth spots due to retinal vein occlusion (retinal hemorrhage)
Central retinal artery occlusion: cherry-red spot, retinal edema and narrowing of the vessels.
Acute vision loss 
Ocular palsy
Acute fever
Traumatic mydriasis
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Contact lens problems
Acute dyspnea 
Acute dyspnea