Immediate surgical intervention
Reduce afterload
Nitroprusside
Inotropic support
Dobutamine
Diuretics and nitrates do not work
Do not use β-blockers (block compensatory tachycardia)
Nitroprusside
Dobutamine
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic stenosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Left atrial enlargement
Asymptomatic hypertension