Clinical history and exam
Myocardial infarction, endocarditis, trauma
Dyspnea, tachycardia, pulmonary edema
Suspect if new-onset pulmonary edema, alongside normal heart size
Cardiogenic shock
S4, apical systolic murmur
Clinical evaluation with auscultation may underestimate<unk>  severity
Echocardiography grading
Traditional grading is different from ischemic<unk>  grading
Eyeball grading of color jet from 1+ to 4+, set to color gain that minimizes background noise
Color jet area in atrium during maximal<unk>  jet, obtain both PSL and apial 4 chamber, at Nyquist limit scale set of 60 cm/s
Myocardial infarction, endocarditis, trauma
Dyspnea, tachycardia, pulmonary edema
Suspect if new-onset pulmonary edema, alongside normal heart size
Cardiogenic shock
S4, apical systolic murmur
Clinical evaluation with auscultation may underestimate<unk>  severity
Traditional grading is different from ischemic<unk>  grading
Eyeball grading of color jet from 1+ to 4+, set to color gain that minimizes background noise
Color jet area in atrium during maximal<unk>  jet, obtain both PSL and apial 4 chamber, at Nyquist limit scale set of 60 cm/s
Eyeball grading of color jet from 1+ to 4+, set to color gain that minimizes background noise
Color jet area in atrium during maximal<unk>  jet, obtain both PSL and apial 4 chamber, at Nyquist limit scale set of 60 cm/s
Ischemic<unk>  grading based on lesion severity of papillary muscle
Factors that increase<unk>  grading severity
Hypertension
Concomitant aortic stenosis
Mitral valve anatomy and scalloping much better appreciated in TEE over TTE
Ischemic<unk>  grading based on lesion severity of papillary muscle
Factors that increase<unk>  grading severity
Hypertension
Concomitant aortic stenosis
Mitral valve anatomy and scalloping much better appreciated in TEE over TTE
Hypertension
Concomitant aortic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic stenosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Asymptomatic hypertension