<unk>  is an alkaloid. Alkaloids are a group of compounds that are typically produced by plants to discourage animals from eating them.<unk>  commonly comes from the tobacco plant
There are 66 other plants from which<unk>  can be obtained.
These plants are apart of the nightshade family (include eggplant, tomato, potato, green pepper)
Free-base<unk>  is used as an insecticide since it is highly poisonous and reactive with oxygen and other chemicals, destroying cells and tissues.
Inhalation
Cigarettes (~1.0mg)
Vaporization
Nasal spray
Oral Chew
Gum
Lozenges
Tablets
Transdermal Patch
Oral bioavailability is 30-40% because of presystemic metabolism and spontaneous vomiting
There are 2 types of neuronal<unk> c receptors, cns and pns (α-bungarotoxin). These are ligand gated ion channels.<unk>  binds to these receptors that are located on nerve terminals or on axons on cell bodies, α-bungarotoxin, polypeptide that binds irreversibly to<unk> c receptors with a high binding affinity<unk> c acetylcholine receptors are made up of α and beta subunits that form a pentameric motif
Different combinations of these subunits have different effects in the body.
Interferes with the binding of acetylcholine, binds to the receptor which then opens the ion channel releasing sodium into the cell.<unk> ’s most important effect is the activation of the reward pathway which is caused by dopamine release.
Nicotine toxicity
Anticholinergic Toxicity
Methane toxicity
Organophosphate Toxicity
Synthetic cathinone toxicity
Sympathomimetic Toxicity
Barbiturate toxicity
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 