External compression by extrinsic malignant mass causes majority of cases
Thrombus in SVC from indwelling catheter/pacemaker is increasingly more common as cause
Other causes include benign tumors, aortic aneurysm, infections, and fibrosing mediastinitis
Rarely constitutes an emergency
Gradual process; collaterals dilate to compensate for the impaired flow
Exception is neurologic abnormalities due to increased ICP, laryngeal edema causing stridor, decreased cardiac output
Gradual process; collaterals dilate to compensate for the impaired flow
Exception is neurologic abnormalities due to increased ICP, laryngeal edema causing stridor, decreased cardiac output
Lung Cancer
Lymphoma
Indwelling vascular catheters (increasing incidence)
Thrombophilia
Goiter
TB
Radiation
Pericardial constriction
Superior vena cava syndrome
Buccal space infections
Mediastinitis
Dental problems
Subclavian steal syndrome
Canine space infection
Aortocaval fistula
Facial cellulitis