Abbreviation:<unk> 
A rare clinical<unk>  occurring at end of<unk>  or the beginning of continuous renal replacement therapy
Does not occur with peritoneal<unk> 
Occurs most commonly during initial hemodialysis or during hypercatabolic states
Tends to occur in patients who are initially started on<unk> , particularly with high initial BUN
Other risk factors: older or younger age, hyponatremia, pre-existing neurologic disease
Symptoms are thought to be secondary to the development of cerebral edema possibly due to urea removal during<unk>  and from a decreased in pH in the cerebral intracelluar environment
Large and rapid solute clearance creates an osmotic gradient which can precipitate cerebral edema 
Pre-dialysis urea in CSF lower than in blood
Post-dialysis urea in CSF higher, setting up osmotic gradient for water into CNS
More uremic patients pre-dialysis at higher risk
Does not occur with peritoneal<unk> 
Occurs most commonly during initial hemodialysis or during hypercatabolic states
Tends to occur in patients who are initially started on<unk> , particularly with high initial BUN
Other risk factors: older or younger age, hyponatremia, pre-existing neurologic disease
Symptoms are thought to be secondary to the development of cerebral edema possibly due to urea removal during<unk>  and from a decreased in pH in the cerebral intracelluar environment
Pre-dialysis urea in CSF lower than in blood
Post-dialysis urea in CSF higher, setting up osmotic gradient for water into CNS
More uremic patients pre-dialysis at higher risk
Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
Subdural hematoma
Dialysis-associated hypotension
Uremia
Hepatorenal syndrome
Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma
Sickle cell crisis
Acute cerebrovascular event