Nonoperative management is successful in >90% of patients who are hemodynamically stable
Low-grade<unk> es (grades I–III) can almost always be managed without surgery
Higher-grade<unk> es commonly fail nonoperative therapy.
Consider angiographic embolization if:
Large amount of hemoperitoneum
Vascular<unk>  (contrast blush) on CT
Higher-grade<unk> es commonly fail nonoperative therapy.
Large amount of hemoperitoneum
Vascular<unk>  (contrast blush) on CT
Liver injury
Diaphragmatic trauma
Hepatic encephalopathy
Liver trauma
Ammonia toxicity
Splenic trauma
Bath salts toxicity
Pelvic fractures