Acute injury to the optic nerve from direct or indirect trauma resulting in vision loss
Caused by indirect injury to the optic nerve (intracanalicular portion) from transmitted shock from an orbital impact
Can also be caused by directly by penetrating injury or from bony fragments in the optic canal or orbit, or orbital hemorrhage and optic nerve sheath hematoma
Indirect: Hypothesized to result from shearing injury to the intracanalicular portion of optic nerve, which can cause axonal injury or disturb the blood supply of the optic nerve
Direct: Presumed to be the result of tissue disruption secondary to foreign body or bony fragments impacting the optic nerve
Traumatic optic neuropathy
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Optic neuritis
Vestibular neuritis
Optic nerve avulsion
Labyrinthitis
Non-organic vision loss
Cavernous sinus thrombosis