If no intracranial bleed or other injuries, observe for 4-6 hrs and discharge
Patients with advanced age, coagulopathy, or other co-morbidities may benefit from admission
Patients with advanced age, coagulopathy, or other co-morbidities may benefit from admission
Neurosurgery consult
Antibiotics, seizure prophylaxis (e.g. Keppra), surgery/wound debridement may be indicated in discussion with a neurosurgeon
Neurosurgery consult
Antibiotic prophylaxis is often started in setting of CSF leak but should be discussed with a neurosurgeon
Skull fracture
Traumatic brain injury
Basilar skull fracture
Intracranial hemorrhage
Nasal fracture
Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury
Odontoid fracture
Elevated intracranial pressure