Differentiation syndrome (DS) is most current term
Occurs in Acute promyelocytic leukemia patients undergoing ATRA treatment (Tretinoin, Vesanoid)
And/or with arsenic trioxide therapy (Trisenox, ATO)
Chemo treatment differentiates APML blasts into mature granulocytes
Differentiation of blasts may cause sepsis-like "cytokine storm" leading to tissue damage
Incidence of DS
Up to 25% of patients undergoing ATRA
Up to 31% of patients undergoing ATO
Up to 40% mortality in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
Diagnosis made clinically with symptomology
Requires immediate treatment with steroids
Steroids highly recommended even if other diagnoses possible
And/or with arsenic trioxide therapy (Trisenox, ATO)
Chemo treatment differentiates APML blasts into mature granulocytes
Differentiation of blasts may cause sepsis-like "cytokine storm" leading to tissue damage
Up to 25% of patients undergoing ATRA
Up to 31% of patients undergoing ATO
Requires immediate treatment with steroids
Steroids highly recommended even if other diagnoses possible
Retinoic acid syndrome
Sepsis
Down syndrome
Fungal infection
Grey baby syndrome
Pulmonary hemorrhage
DiGeorge syndrome
Pneumonia