Physical exam is neither sensitive nor specific
Obtain bladder pressure
Normal < 12 mmHg
Intra-abdominal hypertension 12 - 20 mmHg<unk>  > 20 mmHg PLUS end-organ damage
Link to steps on how to measure bladder pressure with arterial line and video.<unk>  perfusion pressure < 60 mmHg suggests<unk>  hypoperfusion
Note that IVC scanning for volume status is especially unreliable as collapse may not represent volume depletion in the context of high intra-abdominal pressures
Normal < 12 mmHg
Intra-abdominal hypertension 12 - 20 mmHg<unk>  > 20 mmHg PLUS end-organ damage
Link to steps on how to measure bladder pressure with arterial line and video.
Abdominal compartment syndrome
Diaphragmatic trauma
Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis
Liver trauma
Large bowel obstruction
Splenic trauma
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Pelvic fractures