Normal saline
Repletion of extracellular volume decreased need for Na reaborption
Delivery of Cl to distal tubule increases Cl/bicarb exchange
Repletion of extracellular volume decreased need for Na reaborption
Delivery of Cl to distal tubule increases Cl/bicarb exchange
Giving K+ leads to movement of H+ out of cells → acidosis
Giving K+ stops hypokalemia-induced distal H+/K+ pump
Must give a reabsorbable anion to replace HCO3
Aldosterone antagonists if indicated (i.e. spironolactone)
Note: if patient is edematous (CHF, cirrhosis), do NOT give normal saline
If patient is hypokalemic, KCl will correct both hypoK AND<unk> 
If patient is hypokalemic, KCl will correct both hypoK AND<unk>
Metabolic alkalosis
Urine Cl < 20 mEq/L
Metabolic acidosis
Vomiting
Anion gap acidosis
NG suction
Hypercapnia
Bulimia