Benign: fever/acute illness, cold exposure, orthostatic<unk> , strenuous exercise, hypertension
CHF, shock
Preeclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP, [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Tubular dysfunction
Glomerular disease (e.g. glomerulonephritis, diabetes, HIV, SLE, amyloidosis, IgA nephropathy or membranous nephropathy)
Nephrotic syndrome
Pyelonephritis
Malignant hypertension
Alport syndrome
Aminoglycosides, [[penicillin]s, amphotericin, penicillamine, deferasirox
NSAIDs, gold
Chloral hydrate toxicity
Lead toxicity
Note: bence-jones globulins NOT detected on dipstick
Multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia
Rhabdomyolysis
Gout
Hypokalemia, Cushing's syndrome
Electrocution
Polycystic kidney disease
Hepatorenal syndrome
Leptospirosis
Polyarteritis nodosa
Serum sickness
Scleroderma
Menses or other vaginal bleeding
Highly concentrated urine
Alkaline urine
Acetazolamide, cephalosporins, bicarbonate
Proteinuria
Benign: fever/acute illness, cold exposure, orthostatic proteinuria, strenuous exercise, hypertension
Abnormally colored urine
CHF, shock
Polyuria
Preeclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP, [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Dysuria
Tubular dysfunction