Determiners of<unk> -base status are:
CO2
Weak<unk> s (primarily albumin)
If albumin goes up more<unk> otic (since albumin is an<unk> 
Strong ions
Primarily Na-Cl
Normal difference is ~38 (140-102)
If difference shrinks (i.e. more Cl) more<unk> otic
Principle of electrical neutrality requires more H+ to offset the additional Cl
If difference increases (i.e. more Na) more alkalotic
Principle of electrical neutrality requires more bicarb to offset the additional Na
If albumin goes up more<unk> otic (since albumin is an<unk> 
Primarily Na-Cl
Normal difference is ~38 (140-102)
If difference shrinks (i.e. more Cl) more<unk> otic
Principle of electrical neutrality requires more H+ to offset the additional Cl
If difference increases (i.e. more Na) more alkalotic
Principle of electrical neutrality requires more bicarb to offset the additional Na
Equivalent to anion gap
Strong ions include Na, Cl, lactate, ketoacid, toxic alcohols
Eliminates the respiratory component of<unk> osis so only left with the metabolic component
Is equivalent to the amount of<unk>  (or<unk>  you would have to add to get to pH 7.4<unk>  excess of -6 =<unk>  deficit of 6
Normal = -2 to +2
If<unk>  deficit is normal but patient is<unk> otic must all be from CO2
If<unk>  deficit is abnormal must explain by SID, weak<unk> s, or unmeasured strong ions
If no BD is available 24.2 – serum bicarb can be used as okay substitute
Acid-base disorders
Metabolic acidosis
Ventilator high pressures
Metabolic alkalosis
Jet Propulsion Fuel 8 toxicity
Respiratory acidosis
Hypercapnia
Respiratory alkalosis