Vascular injury that reduces cerebral blood flow to specific region of brain causing neuro impairment
Accurate determination of last known time when patient was at baseline is essential
In-hospital mortality of 5-10% for ischemic<unk> and 40-60% for hemorrhagic<unk> Only 10% of<unk> survivors will recover completely
Thrombotic (80% of ischemic CVA)
Atherosclerosis
Vasculitis
Vertebral and carotid artery dissection
Often preceded by yoga, spinal manipulation, coughing, vomiting
Polycythemia
Hypercoagulable state (oral contraceptives, antiphospholipid antibodies, protein S and C deficiencies, sickle cell anemia)
Infection
Toxicologic exposure (cocaine, amphetamines, etc.)
Embolic (20% of ischemic CVA)
Valvular vegetations
Mural thrombi
Arterial-arterial emboli from proximal source (ex. amaurosis fugax -> emboli from a proximal carotid artery plaque embolizes to the ophthalmic artery, causing transient monocular blindness)
Fat emboli
Septic emboli
Hypoperfusion
Cardiac failure resulting in systemic hypotension
Atherosclerosis
Vasculitis
Vertebral and carotid artery dissection
Often preceded by yoga, spinal manipulation, coughing, vomiting
Polycythemia
Hypercoagulable state (oral contraceptives, antiphospholipid antibodies, protein S and C deficiencies, sickle cell anemia)
Infection
Toxicologic exposure (cocaine, amphetamines, etc.)
Often preceded by yoga, spinal manipulation, coughing, vomiting
Valvular vegetations
Mural thrombi
Arterial-arterial emboli from proximal source (ex. amaurosis fugax -> emboli from a proximal carotid artery plaque embolizes to the ophthalmic artery, causing transient monocular blindness)
Fat emboli
Septic emboli
Cardiac failure resulting in systemic hypotension
Intracerebral
Hypertension
 Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (usually found in elderly, tends to be lobar in nature)
Anticoagulation
Vascular malformations (e.g. AVM, moyamoya
Cocaine use
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Berry aneurysm rupture
Arteriovenous malformation
Hypertension
 Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (usually found in elderly, tends to be lobar in nature)
Anticoagulation
Vascular malformations (e.g. AVM, moyamoya
Cocaine use
Berry aneurysm rupture
Arteriovenous malformation
Ischemic<unk> Cerebellar<unk> Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Hemorrhagic<unk> Intracerebral hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
Cerebellar<unk> Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
Stroke 
Stroke
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Seizures/postictal paralysis 
Ischemic stroke
Syncope
Hemorrhagic stroke
Subdural hemorrhage