If pH < 7.35, then<unk> emia
If pH > 7.45, then alkalemia
If pH within normal range, then<unk> <unk> <unk> not likely present.
pH may be normal in the presence of a mixed<unk> <unk> <unk>   particularly if other parameters of the ABG are abnormal.<unk> emia
↓HCO3 -Metabolic<unk> osis
↑PaCO2-Respiratory<unk> osis
Alkalemia
↑HCO3-Metabolic alkalosis
↓PaCO2 - Respiratory alkalosis
↓HCO3 -Metabolic<unk> osis
↑PaCO2-Respiratory<unk> osis
↑HCO3-Metabolic alkalosis
↓PaCO2 - Respiratory alkalosis
Anion gap = [Na+]– [HCO3-] – [Cl-]
∆gap = anion gap - 12
This is to determine a coexistent metabolic alkalosis or non-gap<unk> osis
Usual for uncomplicated high-AG<unk> osis.
Lactic<unk> osis: average value 1.6
DKA more likely to have a ratio closer to 1 due to urine ketone loss (esp if patient not dehydrated)
Suggests a pre-existing elevated HCO3 level so consider:
a concurrent metabolic alkalosis
a pre-existing compensated respiratory<unk> osis
∆gap + (HCO3) = “starting bicarbonate”
The purpose of this calculation is to assess the body’s ability to change HCO3 in response to a metabolic<unk> . In cases with a pure anion gap metabolic<unk> osis, the rise in anion gap from 12 should equal the fall in HCO3 from from 24
Will allow for identification of a secondary process
Acid-base disorders
Metabolic acidosis
Ventilator high pressures
Metabolic alkalosis
Jet Propulsion Fuel 8 toxicity
Respiratory acidosis
Hypercapnia
Respiratory alkalosis