Nausea/vomiting, oculomotor deficits from injuries to CN3, 4 or 6
Retroauricular or mastoid ecchymosis (Battle sign), onset 1-3 days after fracture occurred
Raccoon eyes: periorbital ecchymosis
Clear rhinorrhea or otorrhea
"halo" sign: drop of fluid placed on tissue or filter paper, rapidly expanding ring of clear fluid around red blood defines positive test
CSF distinguished from local nasal secretions with presence of beta-trace protein or beta-2 transferrin
Hemotympanum
"halo" sign: drop of fluid placed on tissue or filter paper, rapidly expanding ring of clear fluid around red blood defines positive test
CSF distinguished from local nasal secretions with presence of beta-trace protein or beta-2 transferrin
Basilar skull fracture
Traumatic brain injury
Skull fracture
Intracranial hemorrhage
Skull fracture 
Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury
Frontal sinus fracture
Elevated intracranial pressure