<unk> s found in:
Pesticides (e.g. malathion, diazinon)
Chemical weapons (e.g. Sarin,  nerve agents has been used as chemical weapon
medications (e.g. neostigmine, edrophonium
Highly lipid soluble: absorbed via dermal, gastrointestinal or respiratory routes
Colorless, odorless, low volatility, and high lipophilicity
These compounds act as Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Block acetylcholinesterase, resulting in excess accumulation of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and cholinergic toxicity
LD50 of 0.04mg/kg (10 mg). Death can occur within 15 minutes after absorption
Pesticides (e.g. malathion, diazinon)
Chemical weapons (e.g. Sarin,  nerve agents has been used as chemical weapon
medications (e.g. neostigmine, edrophonium
Block acetylcholinesterase, resulting in excess accumulation of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and cholinergic toxicity
Parasympathetic - ACh is transm
Muscarinic
receptors in heart, eye, lung, GI, skin and sweat glands
Bradycardia
Miosis
Bronchorrhea / Bronchospasm
Hyperperistalsis (SLUDGE)
Sweating
Vasodilation
Nicotinic
receptors in both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
fasciculations, flaccid paralysis
?Mild bradycardia, hypotension
Sympathetic
Alpha effects (vessels, eye, skin)
Mydriasis, hypertension, sweating
Beta effects (heart, lungs)
Tachycardia, bronchodilation
Muscarinic
receptors in heart, eye, lung, GI, skin and sweat glands
Bradycardia
Miosis
Bronchorrhea / Bronchospasm
Hyperperistalsis (SLUDGE)
Sweating
Vasodilation
Nicotinic
receptors in both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
fasciculations, flaccid paralysis
?Mild bradycardia, hypotension
receptors in heart, eye, lung, GI, skin and sweat glands
Bradycardia
Miosis
Bronchorrhea / Bronchospasm
Hyperperistalsis (SLUDGE)
Sweating
Vasodilation
receptors in both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
fasciculations, flaccid paralysis
?Mild bradycardia, hypotension
Alpha effects (vessels, eye, skin)
Mydriasis, hypertension, sweating
Beta effects (heart, lungs)
Tachycardia, bronchodilation
Mydriasis, hypertension, sweating
Tachycardia, bronchodilation
Organophosphate toxicity
Carbamate toxicity
Salicylate toxicity
Mushroom toxicity, especially:
Chlorate toxicity
Amanita muscaria
Thallium toxicity
Inocybe