30min-12hr after ingestion
Appears intoxicated (nausea/vomiting, slurred speech, nystagmus, ataxia, stupor, seizure, coma)
12-24hr after ingestion
Most deaths occur during this stage
Hypertension, tachycardia, CHF
ARDS, pulmonary infiltrates, hypoxia
Hyperventilation (compensation for severe metabolic acidosis)
Hypocalcemia (chelation by oxalate)
Myositis & CK elevation
Arrhythmias, prolonged QT
Multi-organ system failure
Hypertension, tachycardia, CHF
ARDS, pulmonary infiltrates, hypoxia
Hyperventilation (compensation for severe metabolic acidosis)
Hypocalcemia (chelation by oxalate)
Myositis & CK elevation
Arrhythmias, prolonged QT
Multi-organ system failure
24-72hr after ingestion
Flank pain, CVA tenderness
Hematuria, proteinuria, calcium oxalate crystals (50%)
Oliguria or anuria
Flank pain, CVA tenderness
Hematuria, proteinuria, calcium oxalate crystals (50%)
Oliguria or anuria
Ethylene glycol toxicity
Absinthe
Methane toxicity
Barbiturates
Hydrazine toxicity
Benzodiazepines
Methanol toxicity
Flunitrazepam 