Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl symporter in ascending limb of loop of Henle, preventing reabsorption and thereby increasing urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium
Furosemide
Ethacrynic acid
Torsemide
Bumetanide
40mg furosemide = 20 mg torsemide = 1mg bumetanide = 50 mg ethacrynic acid
Act on the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter
Hydrochlorothiazide
Inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule
acetazolamide
methazolamide
Aldosterone antagonists
Spironolactone
Epithelial sodium channel blockers:
Amiloride
Triamterene
Spironolactone
Amiloride
Triamterene
Increase osmolality and work primarily by expanding extracellular fluid and plasma volume, therefore increasing blood flow to the kidneys
Mannitol
Glucose (e.g. during hyperglycemia)
Diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
Beta blockers
Alpha blockers
ACE inhibitor
Antiarrhythmics
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
Aminoglycosides