Asymptomatic, often
Hypercalcemia features if primary
Hypocalcemia features if secondary
Mnemonic: Stones, Bones, Groans, Moans, Thrones, Psychic Overtones
"Stones"
Renal calculi
Renal failure
"Bones"
Bone pain/destruction
"Groans"
Abdominal pain, vomiting
Dehydration
Pancreatitis
"Thrones"
Polyuria/polydipsia (Renal insufficiency)
Constipation
"Psychic Overtones"
Lethargy/confusion/hallucinations
Renal calculi
Renal failure
Bone pain/destruction
Abdominal pain, vomiting
Dehydration
Pancreatitis
Polyuria/polydipsia (Renal insufficiency)
Constipation
Lethargy/confusion/hallucinations
Paresthesias (mouth, fingertips)
↑ DTRs
Cramps
Weakness
Confusion
Seizures
Chvostek/Trousseau signs, Tetany
Hallucinations
Laryngospasm
Bronchospasm
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Hyperparathyroidism
Addison's disease
Hypoparathyroidism
Calciphylaxis
Hypothyroidism
Excess vitamin D
Hyperthyroidism
Hypercalcemia of malignancy