Dyspnea at rest:
Therapeutic thoracentesis with max drainage 1-1.5L to avoid reexpansion pulmonary edema
Patient positioning (lateral decubitus) for unilateral<unk> s
Most of the time, "Good lung to Ground" to improve V/Q mismatch
Exceptions in which "bad" lung should be "down":
Massive hemoptysis
Severe/large<unk> s
Large pulmonary abscesses
Empyema
Drain with large-bore thoracostomy tube
Parapneumonic<unk> :
Consider thoracostomy tube drainage if:
Comorbid disease
Aspiration of frank pus (empyema)
Failure to respond to antibiotic treatment
Anaerobic organisms<unk>  fluid pH <7.20<unk>  fluid glucose < 60 mg/dl<unk>  involving >50% of thorax or air-fluid level on CXR
Loculated<unk> 
CHF
Diuretic therapy resolves >75% of<unk> s within 2-3d
Therapeutic thoracentesis with max drainage 1-1.5L to avoid reexpansion pulmonary edema
Most of the time, "Good lung to Ground" to improve V/Q mismatch
Exceptions in which "bad" lung should be "down":
Massive hemoptysis
Severe/large<unk> s
Large pulmonary abscesses
Massive hemoptysis
Severe/large<unk> s
Large pulmonary abscesses
Drain with large-bore thoracostomy tube
Consider thoracostomy tube drainage if:
Comorbid disease
Aspiration of frank pus (empyema)
Failure to respond to antibiotic treatment
Anaerobic organisms<unk>  fluid pH <7.20<unk>  fluid glucose < 60 mg/dl<unk>  involving >50% of thorax or air-fluid level on CXR
Loculated<unk> 
Comorbid disease
Aspiration of frank pus (empyema)
Failure to respond to antibiotic treatment
Anaerobic organisms<unk>  fluid pH <7.20<unk>  fluid glucose < 60 mg/dl<unk>  involving >50% of thorax or air-fluid level on CXR
Loculated<unk> 
Diuretic therapy resolves >75% of<unk> s within 2-3d
Pleural effusion
Transudative
Pleuritis
CHF
Hemothorax
Exudative
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Cancer