The diagnosis of IRIS is clinical. Most of the following criteria should be present to make the diagnosis:
Presence of AIDS with low pretreatment CD4 count. Usually this is <100, but tuberculosis can be reactivated with CD4 cells >200.
Positive virologic and<unk> logic response to ART
Absence of evidence of drug-resistant infection, bacterial superinfection, adverse drug reaction, patient noncompliance, or reduced serum drug levels
Presence of clinical manifestations consistent with inflammatory condition
Temporal association between ART initiation and the onset of clinical features of illness
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium
Cytomegalovirus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Herpes simplex virus
Hepatitis B
Immune reconstitution syndrome
Progression of HIV/AIDS
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Antimicrobial resistance
Cytokine release syndrome
Medication noncompliance
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
Development of new opportunistic infection rather than recrudescence