40-60% require no intervention, will spontaneously close in early childhood
Surgical closure (often done percutaneously)
Definitive treatment for defects that do not spontaneously close and cause disability
Patients with unrepaired<unk> s at increased risk for:
Endocarditis
Arrhythmia
Premature<unk>  contractions (PVCs)<unk>  tachyarrhythmias
Sudden death
Congestive heart failure
Aortic regurgitation
COPD
Pulmonary hypertension
Treatment aimed at reducing complications
Definitive treatment for defects that do not spontaneously close and cause disability
Endocarditis
Arrhythmia
Premature<unk>  contractions (PVCs)<unk>  tachyarrhythmias
Sudden death
Congestive heart failure
Aortic regurgitation
COPD
Pulmonary hypertension
Premature<unk>  contractions (PVCs)<unk>  tachyarrhythmias
Sudden death
Congestive heart failure
Aortic regurgitation
COPD
Pulmonary hypertension
Ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary stenosis
Atrial septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot
Ebstein anomaly
Aortic stenosis