A visible ant. fat pad is normal but if displaced anteriorly (Sail sign) it is abnormal
A visible post. fat pad is always abnormal
What if have fat pad displacement but no fracture or displacement is identified?
Adults: Treat as radial head fracture
Peds: Be certain that neither an undisplaced supracondylar fracture nor a displaced internal epicondyle fracture is overlooked!
Adults: Treat as radial head fracture
Peds: Be certain that neither an undisplaced supracondylar fracture nor a displaced internal epicondyle fracture is overlooked!
A line drawn along the longitudinal axis of the radial head and neck should pass through the capitellum
If line does not pass through capitellum then dislocation of radial head is probable
Whenever there is a fracture of the ulnar shaft must evaluate the radiocapitellar line for possible  radial head dislocation (Monteggia fracture-dislocation)
This rule is always valid on a true lateral film
In pediatric cases the AP view may be misleading
If line does not pass through capitellum then dislocation of radial head is probable
In pediatric cases the AP view may be misleading
A line drawn along the ant cortex of the humerus will have at least 1/3 of the capitellum anterior to it
If less than 1/3 then strong probability of supracondylar fracture with distal fragment displaced posteriorly
If less than 1/3 then strong probability of supracondylar fracture with distal fragment displaced posteriorly
CRITOE (Capitellum, Radial head, Internal epicondyle, Trochlea, Olecranon, Lateral Epicondyle)
Dislocated<unk>  may result in avulsion of internal epicondyle
Because the trochlea ossifies after the internal epicondyle if you see the trochlea you must find the epicondyle!
Dislocated<unk>  may result in avulsion of internal epicondyle
Because the trochlea ossifies after the internal epicondyle if you see the trochlea you must find the epicondyle!
Because the trochlea ossifies after the internal epicondyle if you see the trochlea you must find the epicondyle!
Elbow x-ray
Distal radius x-ray
Musculoskeletal ultrasound
Posterior ankle splint
Radial gutter splint
Sling and swathe splint
Ulnar gutter splint
Thumb spica splint