<unk>  generally occurs as a primary increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration, which can occur due to loss of H+ from the body or a gain in HCO3-.
Hydrogen ion loss (via vomiting)
Shift of hydrogen ions intracellularly (from hypokalemia)
Bicarbonate administration
Contraction<unk>  (Diuretic administration, diarrhea, or any excessive loss of volume)
Metabolic alkalosis
Urine Cl < 20 mEq/L
Metabolic acidosis
Vomiting
Anion gap acidosis
NG suction
Hypercapnia
Bulimia