Most cases of<unk>  are NOT from infectious causes. If the patient suspects that there is blood in the stool but there is no abdominal pain, and no fever, the cause is unlikely to be from a bacterial cause.  Also avoid antibiotics in E. Coli 0157:H7 (EHEC) cases due the risk of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
The majority of patients, even with bacterial positive cultures, will recover from<unk>  illness without antibiotic therapy
Suspected bacterial<unk> 
Bloody<unk>  (except for EHEC) with fever and systemic illness
Occult blood or +fecal leukocytes
Moderate to severe travelers'<unk>  (>4 stools/d, fever, blood, or mucus in stool)
>8 stools/d
Volume depletion
>1wk duration
Immunocompromised
Toxic appearance
Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x 5 days  OR
Levofloxacin 599mg PO once daily x 5 days OR
TMP/SMX 1 DS tablet PO BID x 5 days
Therapy should be based on the geography of travel<unk> ult Options:
Ciprofloxacin 750mg PO once daily x 1-3 days
First choice for use except in South and Southeast Asia
Azithromycin 500mg PO q24h x 3 days OR 1000mg PO x 1
Nausea is a frequent<unk> verse event
First choice for use in South and Southeast Asia
Rifaximin 200mg PO TID x 3 days
Ineffective against mucosally invasive pathogens (Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter)
Considered very safe as it is not absorbed
First choice for use except in South and Southeast Asia
Nausea is a frequent<unk> verse event
First choice for use in South and Southeast Asia
Ineffective against mucosally invasive pathogens (Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter)
Considered very safe as it is not absorbed
Pediatric Options:
Azithromycin 10mg/kg/day once daily x 3 days OR
Ceftriaxone 50mg/kg/day once daily x 3 days
Vancomycin 125 mg PO four times daily for 10 days
Fidaxomicin 200 mg PO two times daily for 10 days
Erythromycin 500mg PO BID x 5 days
Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x 5 days OR
Azithromycin 500mg PO once daily x 5 days
Metronidazole 750mg PO three times daily for 5-10 days PLUS
Paromomycin 500mg q8hrs for 7 days OR
Iodoquinol 650mg q 8hrs daily  20 days
Paromomycin 500mg q8hrs for 7 days OR
Iodoquinol 650mg q 8hrs daily  20 days
Metronidazole 250mg PO q8hrs for 7-10days
Tinidazole 2g PO once
Albendazole 400mg PO BID x 21 days + HAART therapy if HIV positive
Paromomycin 500mg PO q8hrs x 14-28days +HAART therapy if HIV positive
Treatment is not recommended routinely but should be considered if:
Immunocompromised
Age<6 mo or >50yo
Has any prostheses
Valvular heart disease
Severe Atherosclerosis
Active Malignancy
Uremic
Options:
Immunocompromised patients should have 14 days of therapy
TMP/SMX 1 DS tab PO BID x 5 days
Ceftriaxone 2g IV once daily x 5 days
Levofloxacin 500mg PO once daily x 5 days
Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x 5 days
Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x 5 days
TMP/SMX 1 DS tab PO BID x 5 days
Levofloxacin 500mg PO once daily x 5 days
Azithromycin 500mg PO daily x 5 days
Doxycycline 300mg PO as single dose
TMP/SMX 1 tablet (5mg/kg) PO BID daily x 3 daily
Azithromycin 20mg/kg (1g) PO once
Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID daily
Levofloxacin 500mg PO once daily
TMP/SMX 1 DS tab (5mg/kg) PO BID
Acute diarrhea
Viral 
Acute gastroenteritis 
Bacterial
Acute gastroenteritis
Campylobacter
Acute fever
Shigella