Reducible<unk>  sac soft, easy to replace back through the<unk>  defect
Incarcerated<unk>  sac firm, often painful, nonreducible
Strangulation
Impairment of blood flow
Severe pain at<unk>  site
Signs of intestinal obstruction
Skin changes overlying<unk>  sac may be seen<unk>  sac soft, easy to replace back through the<unk>  defect<unk>  sac firm, often painful, nonreducible
Impairment of blood flow
Severe pain at<unk>  site
Signs of intestinal obstruction
Skin changes overlying<unk>  sac may be seen
Inguinal (75%)
Most common type of<unk>  in both men and women
Presents as groin mass
Indirect (50%)<unk>  passes from inguinal ring into scrotum (due to patent processus vaginalis)
Direct (25%)<unk>  passes directly through transversalis fascia in Hesselbach triangle
Ventral
Due to defect in anterior abdominal wall (spontaneous or acquired)
Incisional
Due to excess wall tension or inadequate wound healing / surgical wound infection
Umbilical
Due to conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure (ascites, pregnancy, obesity)
May ulcerate from ascites, see Flood Syndrome
Spigelian
Also known as lateral ventral<unk> 
Nearly always acquired conditions
Difficult to diagnose
Classic presentation is abdominal pain associated with anterior lateral abdominal wall mass
Physical exam is unreliable; imaging (US or CT) is often required
Femoral
10:1 female:male ratio<unk>  sac protrudes through femoral canal
Mass is typically below the inguinal ring
Particularly prone to complications
Obsturator
Bowel<unk> tion through obturator canal
Nearly always presents as partial or complete bowel obstruction
High complication rate
Richter
Involves only antimesenteric border of intestine and only portion of the wall
Often presents with out vomiting or intestinal obstruction
As a result, more likely to diagnose once wall has begun to become ischemic
Most common type of<unk>  in both men and women
Presents as groin mass
Indirect (50%)<unk>  passes from inguinal ring into scrotum (due to patent processus vaginalis)
Direct (25%)<unk>  passes directly through transversalis fascia in Hesselbach triangle<unk>  passes from inguinal ring into scrotum (due to patent processus vaginalis)<unk>  passes directly through transversalis fascia in Hesselbach triangle
Due to defect in anterior abdominal wall (spontaneous or acquired)
Incisional
Due to excess wall tension or inadequate wound healing / surgical wound infection
Umbilical
Due to conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure (ascites, pregnancy, obesity)
May ulcerate from ascites, see Flood Syndrome
Spigelian
Also known as lateral ventral<unk> 
Nearly always acquired conditions
Difficult to diagnose
Classic presentation is abdominal pain associated with anterior lateral abdominal wall mass
Physical exam is unreliable; imaging (US or CT) is often required
Due to excess wall tension or inadequate wound healing / surgical wound infection
Due to conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure (ascites, pregnancy, obesity)
May ulcerate from ascites, see Flood Syndrome
Also known as lateral ventral<unk> 
Nearly always acquired conditions
Difficult to diagnose
Classic presentation is abdominal pain associated with anterior lateral abdominal wall mass
Physical exam is unreliable; imaging (US or CT) is often required
Classic presentation is abdominal pain associated with anterior lateral abdominal wall mass
Physical exam is unreliable; imaging (US or CT) is often required
10:1 female:male ratio<unk>  sac protrudes through femoral canal
Mass is typically below the inguinal ring
Particularly prone to complications
Bowel<unk> tion through obturator canal
Nearly always presents as partial or complete bowel obstruction
High complication rate
Involves only antimesenteric border of intestine and only portion of the wall
Often presents with out vomiting or intestinal obstruction
As a result, more likely to diagnose once wall has begun to become ischemic
As a result, more likely to diagnose once wall has begun to become ischemic
Hernia
Scrotal cellulitis
Abscess
Epididymitis
Volvulus
Fournier gangrene
Volvulus 
Hematocele