When less invasive options for venous access exist
Major trauma at target site
Overlying soft tissue infection
Bleeding diathesis
Immunocompromise
Extremity injury proximal to the site
Venous cutdown
Venous stasis
Otic barotrauma
Hernia
Venous thromboembolism
Clotting of AV fistula
Intersection syndrome
Chylous leak