Humidified air may provide symptomatic treatment for patients with ongoing stridor
Dexamethasone 0.15-0.6mg/kg PO/IM (max 10mg)
No differences between intramuscular and oral dexamethasone 
Onset 6 hrs, duration 72 hrs
Recent study showing non-inferiority of low dose (0.15mg/kg) dexamethasone and prednisolone at 1mg/kg.
Use in moderate to severe cases based on the<unk>  scores. Use either Racemic or Standard Epinephrine
Symptomatic relief via local vasoconstriction
Racemic Epi (2.25%): 0.05 mL per kg (maximal dose: 0.5 mL) of racemic epinephrine 2.25% 
Epinephrine(1:1,000): 0.5 mL per kg (maximal dose: 5 mL)  via nebulizer
Onset up to 30 min, duration 2 hrs
Watch child 2-3 hrs after administration to ensure no return of stridor at rest
Rarely needed but if so, use tube that is one half size smaller than normal for age/size of patient
Do NOT give albuterol (may worsen edema (vasodilation))
Heliox
Mixture of helium and oxygen (with not less than 20% oxygen)
Low viscosity and low specific gravity facilitates laminar airflow through the respiratory tract.
Currently there is a lack of evidence to establish the effect of heliox inhalation in the treatment of<unk>  in children
Mixture of helium and oxygen (with not less than 20% oxygen)
Low viscosity and low specific gravity facilitates laminar airflow through the respiratory tract.
Currently there is a lack of evidence to establish the effect of heliox inhalation in the treatment of<unk>  in children
Croup
Laryngotracheomalacia
Laryngitis
Accounts for 60%
Sinusitis
Usually exacerbated by viral URI
Epiglottitis
Dx w/ flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy