Neuromuscular weakness
Upper motor neuron:
CVA
Hemorrhagic stroke
Multiple sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (UMN & LMN)
Lower motor neuron:
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's syndrome)
Spinal cord disease:
Infection (Epidural abscess)
Infarction/ischemia
Trauma (Spinal Cord Syndromes)
Inflammation<unk> 
Acute flaccid myelitis
Degenerative (Spinal muscular atrophy)
Tumor
Peripheral nerve disease:
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Toxins (Ciguatera)
Tick paralysis
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
NMJ disease:
Myasthenia gravis crisis
Botulism
Organophosphate toxicity
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Muscle disease:
Rhabdomyolysis
Dermatomyositis
Polymyositis
Alcoholic myopathy
Non-neuromuscular weakness
Can't miss diagnoses:
ACS
Arrhythmia/Syncope
Severe infection/Sepsis
Hypoglycemia
Periodic paralysis (electrolyte disturbance, K, Mg, Ca)
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
Respiratory failure
Emergent Diagnoses:
Symptomatic Anemia
Severe dehydration
Hypothyroidism
Polypharmacy
Malignancy
Other causes of weakness and paralysis
Acute intermittent porphyria (ascending weakness)
Upper motor neuron:
CVA
Hemorrhagic stroke
Multiple sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (UMN & LMN)
Lower motor neuron:
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's syndrome)
Spinal cord disease:
Infection (Epidural abscess)
Infarction/ischemia
Trauma (Spinal Cord Syndromes)
Inflammation<unk> 
Acute flaccid myelitis
Degenerative (Spinal muscular atrophy)
Tumor
Peripheral nerve disease:
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Toxins (Ciguatera)
Tick paralysis
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
NMJ disease:
Myasthenia gravis crisis
Botulism
Organophosphate toxicity
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Muscle disease:
Rhabdomyolysis
Dermatomyositis
Polymyositis
Alcoholic myopathy
CVA
Hemorrhagic stroke
Multiple sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (UMN & LMN)
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's syndrome)
Infection (Epidural abscess)
Infarction/ischemia
Trauma (Spinal Cord Syndromes)
Inflammation<unk> 
Acute flaccid myelitis
Degenerative (Spinal muscular atrophy)
Tumor
Acute flaccid myelitis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Toxins (Ciguatera)
Tick paralysis
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Myasthenia gravis crisis
Botulism
Organophosphate toxicity
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
Dermatomyositis
Polymyositis
Alcoholic myopathy
Can't miss diagnoses:
ACS
Arrhythmia/Syncope
Severe infection/Sepsis
Hypoglycemia
Periodic paralysis (electrolyte disturbance, K, Mg, Ca)
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
Respiratory failure
Emergent Diagnoses:
Symptomatic Anemia
Severe dehydration
Hypothyroidism
Polypharmacy
Malignancy
Other causes of weakness and paralysis
Acute intermittent porphyria (ascending weakness)
ACS
Arrhythmia/Syncope
Severe infection/Sepsis
Hypoglycemia
Periodic paralysis (electrolyte disturbance, K, Mg, Ca)
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
Respiratory failure
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
Symptomatic Anemia
Severe dehydration
Hypothyroidism
Polypharmacy
Malignancy
Acute intermittent porphyria (ascending weakness)
Spine related
Acute ligamentous injury
Acute muscle strain
Disk herniation (Sciatica)
Degenerative joint disease
Spondylolithesis
Epidural compression syndromes
Spinal cord compression (non-traumatic)
Cauda equina syndrome
Conus medullaris syndrome
Epidural abscess (spinal)
Epidural hematoma (spinal)
Thoracic and lumbar fractures and dislocations
Cancer metastasis
Spinal stenosis<unk> 
Vertebral osteomyelitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Spondylolisthesis
Discitis
Renal disease
Kidney stone
Pyelonephritis
Nephrolithiasis
Intra-abdominal
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Ulcer perforation
Retrocecal appendicitis
Large bowel obstruction
Pancreatitis
Pelvic disease
PID
Other
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage/mass
Meningitis
Acute ligamentous injury
Acute muscle strain
Disk herniation (Sciatica)
Degenerative joint disease
Spondylolithesis
Epidural compression syndromes
Spinal cord compression (non-traumatic)
Cauda equina syndrome
Conus medullaris syndrome
Epidural abscess (spinal)
Epidural hematoma (spinal)
Thoracic and lumbar fractures and dislocations
Cancer metastasis
Spinal stenosis<unk> 
Vertebral osteomyelitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Spondylolisthesis
Discitis
Spinal cord compression (non-traumatic)
Cauda equina syndrome
Conus medullaris syndrome
Epidural abscess (spinal)
Epidural hematoma (spinal)
Kidney stone
Pyelonephritis
Nephrolithiasis
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Ulcer perforation
Retrocecal appendicitis
Large bowel obstruction
Pancreatitis
PID
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage/mass
Meningitis
Transverse myelitis
Neuromuscular weakness
Acute flaccid myelitis
Upper motor neuron:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
CVA
Syringomyelia
Hemorrhagic stroke