Primarily used as a bronchodilator, however rarely used now due to better available options
Also studied for treatment of Acute Mountain Sickness and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
PO available as elixer and capsule (12 or 24-hour extended release)
IV as aminophylline (shorter acting than PO)
Mechanism of action:
Release of endogenous catecholamines → β2 agonism → bronchodilation
PDE inhibition → increases cAMP
Adenosine antagonist
Release of endogenous catecholamines → β2 agonism → bronchodilation
PDE inhibition → increases cAMP
Adenosine antagonist
Theophylline toxicity
Beta-2 agonist toxicity
Clenbuterol toxicity
Sympathomimetic toxicity
SSRI toxicity
Iron toxicity
Caffeine toxicity
Salicylate toxicity