May be the initial presenting of an unrecognized Type-1 diabetes mellitus patient
Signs/symptoms may include:
Tachypnea, Kussmaul's breathing
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, poor weight gain/weight loss
Signs of dehydration
Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting
Altered mental status, drowsiness, lethargy
Perform a thorough neurologic exam as cerebral edema increases mortality significantly, especially in children
+/- signs/symptoms of precipitating trigger for decompensation (e.g. pneumonia, cellulitis)
Keep in mind that the initial presentation of sepsis with dehydration can look very similar to DKA
Tachypnea, Kussmaul's breathing
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, poor weight gain/weight loss
Signs of dehydration
Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting
Altered mental status, drowsiness, lethargy
Perform a thorough neurologic exam as cerebral edema increases mortality significantly, especially in children
Perform a thorough neurologic exam as cerebral edema increases mortality significantly, especially in children
Diabetic ketoacidosis 
Physiologic stress response 
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
Diabetes mellitus 
Starvation ketoacidosis
Nonketotic hyperglycemia
Cerebral edema in DKA
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 