Laryngospasm (0.3%)
Usually associated with large doses or rapid IV push
Treatment:
Jaw thrust
Place pressure on Larson's notch
If jaw thrust and pressure are not sufficient, bag valve mask with PEEP
If above do not resolve laryngospasm, sedate more deeply (propofol is the traditional choice, 0.5mg/kg)
If deeper sedation does not resolve laryngospasm, paralyse and intubate
Apnea or respiratory depression (0.8%)
Associated with rapid IV push
Transient
Hypersalivation (rare)
Can pretreat with atropine or glycopyrrolate
Emesis, usually well into recovery (8.4%)
Recovery agitation, aka emergence reaction (mild in 6.3%, clinically important in 1.4%)
Can pretreat with midazolam 0.05mg/kg (2-4mg for most adults)
Muscular hypertonicity and random, purposeless movements (common)
Clonus, hiccuping, or short-lived nonallergic rash of face and neck
Usually associated with large doses or rapid IV push
Treatment:
Jaw thrust
Place pressure on Larson's notch
If jaw thrust and pressure are not sufficient, bag valve mask with PEEP
If above do not resolve laryngospasm, sedate more deeply (propofol is the traditional choice, 0.5mg/kg)
If deeper sedation does not resolve laryngospasm, paralyse and intubate
Associated with rapid IV push
Transient
Can pretreat with atropine or glycopyrrolate
Can pretreat with midazolam 0.05mg/kg (2-4mg for most adults)
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was compromised only in the patients with pre-existing intracranial hypertension and obstruction to the flow of cerebral spinal fluid. This has, however, led to the persistent belief that<unk>  is contraindicated in patients with traumatic head injuries. Studies done subsequently have shown, however, that the effects of<unk>  on cerebral haemodynamics and ICP are in fact variable and depend on both the presence of additional anaesthetic agents and PaCO2 values. Meta-analysis also suggests that<unk>  does not increase ICP and provides favorable hemodynamics.
Metaanalysis has shown that when<unk>  is used in the presence of controlled ventilation, in conjunction with anaesthetics which reduce cerebral metabolism such as GABA receptor agonists, ICP is not increased.
Ketamine
Ketofol
Propofol
Fentanyl
Etomidate
Thiopental
Meperidine
Remi-fentanil