<unk>  <unk>  = generation of auto-antibodies towards red blood cell membrane antigens, leady to hemolysis.
Can be primary (idiopathic) or due to another disease process (e.g. malignancy,<unk>  disease, infection)
Autoantibodies agglutinate to RBCs at higher temperatures
IgG mediated, usually pan-reactive to patient's and transfused RBCs
Extravascular (i.e. in spleen) hemolysis→ unconjugated > conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Haptoglobin low, LDH may be normal
Causes:
Lymphoma, especially Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Leukemia, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Collagen vascular diseases (E.g. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Giant cell arteritis
Viral-induced or HIV-associated
Medications: methyldopa, quinidine, penicillin
Lymphoma, especially Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Leukemia, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Collagen vascular diseases (E.g. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Giant cell arteritis
Viral-induced or HIV-associated
Medications: methyldopa, quinidine, penicillin
Autoantibodies agglutinate at lower temperatures
IgM mediated
Intravascular hemolysis→ high LDH, low haptoglobin, hemoglobinuria
Causes:
Infection, most commonly Mycoplasma pneumoniae and mononucleosis, also varicella, listeria, influenza
Multiple myeloma and other plasmacytomas
Idiopathic
Infection, most commonly Mycoplasma pneumoniae and mononucleosis, also varicella, listeria, influenza
Multiple myeloma and other plasmacytomas
Idiopathic
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Hemorrhage
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Hereditary
Hemolytic anemia
Acquired
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia 