Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep Throat)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Diphtheria (C. diptheriae)
Bacterial Tracheitis
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Patients with peritonsillar abscess have a 20% incidence of mononucleosis 
Laryngitis
Acute Bronchitis
Rhinovirus
Coronavirus
Adenovirus
Herpesvirus
Influenza virus
Coxsackie virus
Herpangina
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
HIV (Acute Retroviral Syndrome)
Patients with peritonsillar abscess have a 20% incidence of mononucleosis 
Herpangina
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Pemphigus
Angioedema
Deep neck space infection
Retropharyngeal abscess
Ludwig's angina
Parapharyngeal space infection
Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA)<unk> 
Kawasaki disease
Penetrating injury
Caustic ingestion
Lemierre's syndrome
Peritonsillar cellulitis
Lymphoma
Internal carotid artery aneurysm
Oral Thrush
Parotitis
Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage
Vincent's angina
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Retropharyngeal abscess
Ludwig's angina
Parapharyngeal space infection
Laryngotracheomalacia
Accounts for 60%
Usually exacerbated by viral URI
Dx w/ flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy
Vocal cord paralysis
Stridor associated w/ feeding problems, hoarse voice, weak and/or changing cry
May have cyanosis or apnea if bilateral (less common)
Subglottic stenosis
Congenital vs 2/2 prolonged intubation in premies
Airway hemangioma
Usually regresses by age 5
Associated w/ skin hemangiomas in beard distribution
Vascular ring/sling
Accounts for 60%
Usually exacerbated by viral URI
Dx w/ flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy
Stridor associated w/ feeding problems, hoarse voice, weak and/or changing cry
May have cyanosis or apnea if bilateral (less common)
Congenital vs 2/2 prolonged intubation in premies
Usually regresses by age 5
Associated w/ skin hemangiomas in beard distribution
Croup
viral laryngotracheobronchitis
6 mo- 3 yr, peaks at 2 yrs
Most severe on 3rd-4th day of illness
Steeple sign not reliable- diagnose clinically<unk> 
H flu type B
Have higher suspicion in unvaccinated children
Rapid onset sore throat, fever, drooling
Difficult airway- call anesthesia/ ENT early
Bacterial tracheitis
Rare but causes life-threatening obstruction
Sx of croup + toxic-appearing = bacterial tracheitis
Foreign body (sudden onset)
Marked variation in quality or pattern of stridor
Retropharyngeal abscess
Fever, neck pain, dysphagia, muffled voice, drooling, neck stiffness/torticollis/extension
viral laryngotracheobronchitis
6 mo- 3 yr, peaks at 2 yrs
Most severe on 3rd-4th day of illness
Steeple sign not reliable- diagnose clinically
H flu type B
Have higher suspicion in unvaccinated children
Rapid onset sore throat, fever, drooling
Difficult airway- call anesthesia/ ENT early
Have higher suspicion in unvaccinated children
Rare but causes life-threatening obstruction
Sx of croup + toxic-appearing = bacterial tracheitis
Marked variation in quality or pattern of stridor
Fever, neck pain, dysphagia, muffled voice, drooling, neck stiffness/torticollis/extension
Epiglottitis
Streptococcal pharyngitis 
Peritonsillar cellulitis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Nasal foreign body
Diphtheria 
Nasal polyp
Bacterial Tracheitis