Unilateral headache, face pain, anterior neck pain
Pain can precede other symptoms by hours-days (median 4d)
Headache most commonly is frontotemporal; severity may mimic SAH or preexisting migraine
Partial Horner syndrome (miosis and ptosis) in 50% of cases
Cranial nerve palsies
Pain can precede other symptoms by hours-days (median 4d)
Headache most commonly is frontotemporal; severity may mimic SAH or preexisting migraine
Posterior neck pain, headache
May be unilateral or bilateral
Headache is typically occipital
Unilateral facial paresthesia
Dizziness
Vertigo
Nausea/vomiting
Diplopia and other visual disturbances
Ataxia
Lateral Medullary Syndrome seen in up to 20% of cases of VAD
May be unilateral or bilateral
Headache is typically occipital
Vertebral and carotid artery dissection
Penetrating neck trauma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Blunt neck trauma
Post-tPA Hemorrhage in CVA
Subdural hemorrhage
Strangulation
Ischemic stroke