<unk>  Types
Gamma and xrays - deep penetration
Alpha - hazard only if ingested/ inoculated since penetration only ~0.1mm
Beta/electrons - penetrate only a few centimeters
Dose
Rads - dose absorbed by specific tissue.
Gray (Gy) - international unit for absorbed dose. (1 Gy = 100 rads)
REM - "Effective Dose" (100 rem = 1 sievert = 1 Gy)
Principles of<unk> 
Different radioactive particles have diff effects at same absorbed dose- so use effective dose for comparison
Effect of<unk>  based on time of exp, distance and shielding
Dose decreases rapidly with square of distance and decreases on 1/9th if triple distance
Lead is an effective shield<unk>  decays with time
Iodine isotopes are short lived
Cesium, stontium, cobalt are longer-lived
Rate of decay also effects dose of<unk>  and may effect management decisions
Gamma and xrays - deep penetration
Alpha - hazard only if ingested/ inoculated since penetration only ~0.1mm
Beta/electrons - penetrate only a few centimeters
Rads - dose absorbed by specific tissue.
Gray (Gy) - international unit for absorbed dose. (1 Gy = 100 rads)
REM - "Effective Dose" (100 rem = 1 sievert = 1 Gy)
Different radioactive particles have diff effects at same absorbed dose- so use effective dose for comparison
Effect of<unk>  based on time of exp, distance and shielding
Dose decreases rapidly with square of distance and decreases on 1/9th if triple distance
Lead is an effective shield
Iodine isotopes are short lived
Cesium, stontium, cobalt are longer-lived
Rate of decay also effects dose of<unk>  and may effect management decisions
Some cells may die but if cells role not critical for survival, may not see effect
Rapidly dividing cells (e.g. GI and bone marrow) are most vulnerable
Dose ~1Gy, cells survive but get cancer later<unk> -induced cancer dose related
Leukemia within 2 yrs, solid tumors 5-10 or more yrs
Beta rays from fallout only burn exposed skin
Radiation exposure 
Trauma 
Dirty bomb
Hazmat exposure
Bioterrorism
Nonaccidental trauma
Chemical weapons
Drugs of abuse