<unk><unk>  can stem from strain on the sarcomere, the<unk> 's functional unit. Due to the mechanism of activation of the unit by the nerves, which accumulates calcium that further degrades sarcomeres. This degradation initiates the body inflammatory response, and has to be supported by surrounding connective tissues. The inflammatory cells and cytokines stimulates the pain receptors that causes the<unk>  pain associated with AMS. Repair of the sarcomere and the surround connective tissue leads to delayed onset<unk><unk> , which peaks between 24 and 72 hours after exercise. Another causes of AMS would be from cramps during or after workout, which has been theorized to have been caused by two pathways: * Dehydration * Electrolyte imbalance Dehydration Dehydration theory states that extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment becomes contracted due to the excessive sweating, causing the volume to decrease to the point until the<unk> s are contracted until the fluids can re-inhabit the vacuum. Excessive sweating can also cause the electrolyte imbalance theory, which is sweating disturbs the body's balance of electrolyte, which results in exciting motor neurons and spontaneous discharge. The feeling of<unk>  can also be attributed to the lack contraction from the<unk> , which can lead to overexertion of the<unk> . The decrease in contraction has been theorized to have been caused by the high level of concentrations of proton created by glycolysis. Excess in protons displaces calcium ions which is used within the fibers in activating the sarcomere, resulting in a reduced contractile force. Electrolyte imbalance When exercising, lactic acid becomes lactate and H+ through glycolysis. With more lactic consumed during the process, there will be a higher H+ concentration, thus lowering the blood’s pH level. This low pH level will affect the energy production process through the inhibition of phosphofructokinase. Phosphofructokinase is a key enzyme in glycolytic process, which produces energy. With a pH of 6.4, there will be no glycolysis process existed, thus no energy will be produced. Higher concentration of H+ will also cause the loss of contractile force through the misplacement of calcium in<unk>  fiber, the misplacement of calcium in<unk>  fiber will disturb the formation of actin-myosin cross-bridge.
Acute muscle soreness
Exercise-associated muscle cramps
Delayed onset muscle soreness
Acute visual loss
Chronic pain
Post-exertional malaise
Intractable pain
Brief resolved unexplained event