Significant disease develops in fewer than 5% of those infected and typically occurs in those with a weakened immune system. Mild asymptomatic cases often do not require any treatment. Those with severe symptoms may benefit from antifungal therapy, which requires 3–6 months or more of treatment depending on the response to the treatment. There is a lack of prospective studies that examine optimal antifungal therapy for<unk> . On the whole, oral fluconazole and intravenous amphotericin B are used in progressive or disseminated disease, or in immunocompromised individuals. Amphotericin B used to be the only available treatment, although now there are alternatives, including itraconazole or ketoconazole, that may be used for milder disease. Fluconazole is the preferred medication for coccidioidal meningitis, due to its penetration into CSF. Intrathecal or intraventricular amphotericin B therapy is used if infection persists after fluconazole treatment. Itraconazole is used for cases that involve treatment of infected person's bones and joints. The antifungal medications posaconazole and voriconazole have also been used to treat<unk> . Because the symptoms of<unk>  are similar to the common flu, pneumonia, and other respiratory diseases, it is important for public health professionals to be aware of the rise of<unk>  and the specifics of diagnosis. Greyhound dogs often get<unk>  as well, and their treatment regimen involves 6–12 months of ketoconazole, to be taken with food. Toxicity Conventional amphotericin B desoxycholate (AmB: used since the 1950s as a primary agent) is known to be associated with increased drug-induced nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity) impairing kidney function. Other formulations have been developed such as lipid soluble formulations to mitigate such side-effects as direct proximal and distal tubular cytotoxicity. These include liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B lipid complex such as Abelcet (brand) amphotericin B phospholipid complex also as AmBisome Intravenous, or Amphotec Intravenous (Generic; Amphotericin B Cholesteryl Sul), and amphotericin B colloidal dispersion, all shown to exhibit a decrease in nephrotoxicity. The latter was not as effective in one study as amphotericin B desoxycholate which had a 50% murine morbidity rate versus zero for the AmB colloidal dispersion. The cost of AmB deoxycholate, in 2015, for a patient of at 1 mg/kg/day dosage, was approximately $63.80, compared to 5 mg/kg/day of liposomal AmB at $1318.80, making the less toxic option less accessible.
Coccidioidomycosis
Tuberculosis
Chromoblastomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Hyalohyphomycosis
Phaeohyphomycosis
Conidiobolomycosis
Histoplasmosis