The development of<unk>  is thought to begin with the pathogens spreading from the cervix to the endometrium, through the salpinx, into the peritoneal cavity and forming the<unk>  with (in some cases) pelvic peritonitis.<unk>  can develop from the lymphatic system with infection of the parametrium from an intrauterine device (IUD). Bacteria recovered from<unk> s are Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, other Bacteroides species, Peptostreptococcus, Peptococcus, and aerobic streptococci. Long term IUD use is associated with<unk> . Actinomyces is also recovered from<unk> . + Genus species Gram stain form genome sequenced reference Neisseria gonorrhoeae spp. + cocci Chlamydia trachomatis spp. + intracellular Mycoplasma genitalium spp. + bacillus Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum + bacillus Escherichia coli + bacillus X Corynebacterium jeikeium + bacillus X Bacteroides fragilis + bacillus X Lactobacillus jensenii + bacillus Cutibacterium acnes + bacillus Haemophilus influenzae + bacillus Streptococcus pneumoniae + cocci Streptococcus constellatus + cocci Prevotella bivia + bacillus Fusobacterium nucleatum + bacillus Enterococcus faecium + cocci Actinomyces neuii + bacillus X Lactobacillus delbrueckii + bacillus Streptococcus intermedius + cocci Eikenella corrodens + bacillus X Abiotrophia + bacillus X Granulicatella + bacillus X
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Ovarian cyst
Ovarian torsion
Ectopic pregnancy
Ovarian pregnancy
Corpus luteum cyst
Paraovarian cyst
Ovarian fibroma