Sustained myocardial stretch activates tension-dependent Na+/H+ exchangers, bringing Na+ ions into the sarcolemma. This increase in Na+ in the sarcolemma, reduces the Na+ gradient exploited by sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), and stops them from working effectively. Ca2+ ions accumulate inside the sarcolemma as a result, and are taken up by sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps. Calcium induced calcium release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is increased upon stimulation of the cardiac myocyte by an action potential. This leads to an increase in the force of contraction of the cardiac muscle to try and increase stroke volume and cardiac output to maintain tissue perfusion. On the other hand, it has been proposed that the<unk>  may be a spurious effect resulting from the recovery of the myocardium from a transient ischemia arising from the abrupt increase in blood pressure.
Anrep effect
Weekend effect
Whitten effect
Widowhood effect
Bouba/kiki effect
July effect
Dose–response relationship
Ceiling effect 