The human<unk>  with its lobes highlighted. An<unk>  is a<unk>  kept alive in vitro, either by perfusion or by a blood substitute, often an oxygenated solution of various salts, or by submerging the<unk>  in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is the biological counterpart of<unk>  in a vat. A related concept, attaching the<unk>  or head to the circulatory system of another organism, is called a head transplant. An<unk> , however, is more typically attached to an artificial perfusion device rather than a biological body. The<unk> s of many different organisms have been kept alive in vitro for hours, or in some cases days. The central nervous system of invertebrate animals is often easily maintained as they need less oxygen and to a larger extent get their oxygen from CSF; for this reason their<unk> s are more easily maintained without perfusion. Mammalian<unk> s, on the other hand, have a much lesser degree of survival without perfusion and an artificial blood perfusate is usually used. For methodological reasons, most research on<unk>  mammalian<unk> s has been done with guinea pigs. These animals have a significantly larger basilar artery (a major artery of the<unk>  compared to rats and mice, which makes cannulation (to supply CSF) much easier.
Isolated brain
Mouse brain
Head
Port 
Skull
Pulmonary bay
Split-brain
Kidney dish