Coronal anterior section through anterior fontanelle of a one-year-old girl. A 5 to 7.5 MHz probe is used to scan deeper structures in the brain. A 7 to 12 Mhz probe is used for scanning superficial structures for detecting lesions between the brain and the skull, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, cerebral oedema, and evaluating the structures of sulci and gyri. Mid sagittal section through anterior fontanelle of a one-year-old girl. A water-based gel is applied to the infant's head, over the anterior fontanelle, to aid conduction of<unk>  waves. Ideally scans are performed during sleep or when the infant is calm. The operator then uses an<unk>  probe to examine the baby's brain, viewing the images on a computer screen and recording them as necessary. A standard<unk>  examination usually involves recording approximately 10 views of the brain from different angles, five in the coronal plane and five in the sagittal or parasaggital planes. This allows all parts of the ventricles and most of the rest of the brain to be visualised. Who performs the scans varies between different health systems. In many hospitals in the United Kingdom paediatricians or neonatologists usually perform<unk> ; in other systems advanced nurse practitioners, radiologists or sonographers may perform most scans. While the anterior fontanelle is the most commonly used acoustic window for<unk> s, more advanced operators may gain additional views, especially of posterior fossa structures, by using the mastoid fontanelle, the posterior fontanelle and/or the temporal window. Other refinements of<unk>  technique include serial measurement of the width of the lateral ventricles ("ventricular index") to monitor suspected ventricular dilatation and colour Doppler to assess blood flow.
Cranial ultrasound
Brain biopsy
Transcranial pulsed ultrasound
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain
Hemoencephalography
Audiometry
Cranio-corpography
Magnetoencephalography