Conditions treated with<unk>  include tuberculosis, leprosy, cancer, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. One major benefit of<unk> es is that they reduce development of drug resistance since a pathogen or tumor is less likely to have resistance to multiple drugs simultaneously. Artemisinin-based monotherapies for malaria are explicitly discouraged to avoid the problem of developing resistance to the newer treatment.<unk>  may seem costlier than monotherapy in the short term, but when it is used appropriately, it causes significant savings: lower treatment failure rate, lower case-fatality ratios, fewer side-effects than monotherapy, slower development of resistance, and thus less money needed for the development of new drugs. In oncology<unk>  has gained momentum in oncology in recent years, with various studies demonstrating higher response rates with<unk> s of drugs compared to monotherapies, and the FDA recently approving therapeutic<unk>  regimens that demonstrated superior safety and efficacy to monotherapies. In a recent study about solid cancers, Martin Nowak, Bert Vogelstein, and colleagues showed that in most clinical cases,<unk> es are needed to avoid the evolution of resistance to targeted drugs. Furthermore, they find that the simultaneous administration of multiple targeted drugs minimizes the chance of relapse when no single mutation confers cross-resistance to both drugs. Various systems biology methods must be used to discover<unk> es to overcome drug resistance in select cancer types. Recent precision medicine approaches have focused on targeting multiple biomarkers found in individual tumors by using<unk> s of drugs. However, with 300 FDA-approved cancer drugs on the market, there almost 45,000 possible two-drug<unk> s and almost 4.5 million three-drug<unk> s for to choose from. That level of complexity is one of the primary impediments to the growth of<unk>  in oncology. T has recently highlighted<unk>  as a top research priority in oncology. Bacterial infections<unk>  with two or more antibiotics are often used in an effort to treat multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
Combination therapy
Differentiation therapy
Multisystemic therapy
Targeted therapy
Neoadjuvant therapy
Induction chemotherapy
Dose-dense chemotherapy
Sequential high-dose chemotherapy