Antihistamines Histamines are proteins associated with many allergic reactions. When the UV radiation or light comes in contact with a person with<unk> , histamine is released from mast cells. When this occurs, the permeability of vessels near the area of histamine release is increased. This allows blood fluid to enter the vessels and cause inflammation. Antihistamines<unk> ppress the activity of the histamine. Diphenhydramine, a first-generation H1 receptor antagonist or medicine that combats the H1 receptor that is associated with many allergic reactions, has been found to be the most potent antihistamine for this particular disease. Patients prescribed 50 milligrams four times per day have been able to<unk> stain normal exposure to the<unk> n without<unk> ffering a reaction. Patients with less potent forms of<unk> <unk> ch as fixed<unk>  can be treated with the medication fexofenadine, which may also be used prophylactically to prevent recurrence. Desensitization This form of treatment is meant to reduce the intensity or altogether eliminate the allergic reactions people have by gradually increasing exposure to the form of radiation that brings about the reaction. In the case of<unk> , phototherapy and photochemotherapy are the two major desensitization treatments. Phototherapy can be used for prevention. Exposure to a certain form of light or UV radiation enables the patient to build up a tolerance and outbreaks can be reduced. This type of treatment is generally conducted in the spring. However, the benefits of this therapy only last for two to three days. Photochemotherapy, or PUVA, is considered<unk> perior to phototherapy because it produces a longer-lasting tolerance of the radiation that initiates the outbreak. When treatment first begins, the main goal is to build up the patient's tolerance to UVA radiation enough so that they can be outdoors without<unk> ffering an episode of<unk> . Therefore, treatments are regulated at three per week while constantly increasing the exposure to UVA radiation. Once the patient has reached an adequate level of desensitization, treatments are reduced to once or twice per week. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Therapy Some patients and researchers have<unk> ccessfully treated<unk>  with Omalizumab (trade name Xolair) which is commonly used to treat Idiopathic Urticaria. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against IgE. It acts by binding free IgE at the same site that IgE would bind to its high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells, thereby reducing free IgE in the serum Immunosuppression Doctors will sometimes prescribe immunosuppressive drugs<unk> ch as prednisolone and ciclosporin if the patient is<unk> ffering from an intense form of<unk> . However, the side effects of these medicines can be severe which is why they are reserved for the most extreme of cases. Plasmapheresis In more extreme cases, plasmapheresis can be considered. This technique is used to remove the blood plasma or fluid in the red blood cells and then return the cells to the body. It "removes a circulating factor from the blood that may be involved in causing the urticaria," but is still being tested and is not always effective. When the treatment is a<unk> ccess, the patient's photosensitivity is decreased to the degree that they can undergo PUVA which can result in the relief of the urticarial outbreaks for an extended period of time. The major setback to this treatment is that the side effects can be severe and may include anaphylactoid reactions.
Solar urticaria
Cold urticaria
Heat urticaria
Aquagenic urticaria
Pressure urticaria
Cholinergic urticaria
Delayed pressure urticaria
Physical urticaria