hemodialysis A<unk>  is a<unk>  used for exchanging blood to and from a hemodialysis machine and a patient. The<unk>  contains two lumens: venous and arterial. Although both lumens are in the vein, the "arterial" lumen, like natural arteries, carries blood away from the heart, while the "venous" lumen returns blood towards the heart. The arterial lumen (typically red) withdraws blood from the patient and carries it to the dialysis machine, while the venous lumen (typically blue) returns blood to the patient (from the dialysis machine). Flow rates of<unk> s range between 200 and 500 ml/min. If a patient requires long-term dialysis therapy, a chronic<unk>  will be inserted. Chronic<unk> s contain a dacron cuff that is tunneled beneath the skin approximately 3–8 cm. The tunnel is thought to add a barrier to infection. The most popular<unk>  sold on the market today is the Symmetrical-Tip<unk> . This<unk>  is in the form spiral Z shape. Permacath for dialysis
Dialysis catheter
Peritoneal dialysis
Artificial kidney
Ultrafiltration 
Peritoneovenous shunt
Hemofiltration
Hickman line
Iridodialysis