There are many causes of subcutaneous hematomas including ecchymoses. Coagulopathies such as Hemophilia A may cause ecchymosis formation in children. The medication betamethasone can have the adverse effect of causing ecchymosis. The presence of bruises may be seen in patients with platelet or coagulation disorders, or those who are being treated with an anticoagulant. Unexplained bruising may be a warning sign of child abuse, domestic abuse, or serious medical problems such as<unk>  or meningoccocal infection. Unexplained bruising can also indicate internal bleeding or certain types of cancer. Long-term glucocorticoid therapy can cause easy bruising. Bruising present around the navel (belly button) with severe abdominal pain suggests acute pancreatitis. Connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may cause relatively easy or spontaneous bruising depending on the severity. Spontaneous bruising or bruising with minimal trauma in the absence of other explanations and together with other minor or major criteria suggestive of Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (vEDS) suggests genetic testing for the condition. During an autopsy, bruises accompanying abrasions indicate the abrasions occurred while the individual was alive, as opposed to damage incurred post mortem. Size and shape Bruise caused by a handrail, typical of extreme sports Bruise caused by a sprained ankle Black eye and subconjunctival hemorrhage after a punch to the face Bruise shapes may correspond directly to the instrument of injury or be modified by additional factors. Bruises often become more prominent as time lapses, resulting in additional size and swelling, and may grow to a large size over the course of the hours after the injury that caused the bruise was inflicted. * Condition and type of tissue: In soft tissues, a larger area is bruised than would be in firmer tissue due to ease of blood to invade tissue. * Age: elderly skin and other tissues are often thinner and less elastic and thus more prone to bruising. * Gender: More bruising occurs in females due to increased subcutaneous fat. * Skin tone: Discoloration caused by bruises is more prominent in lighter complexions. * Diseases: Coagulation, platelet and blood vessel diseases or deficiencies can increase bruising due to more bleeding. * Location: More extensive vascularity causes more bleeding. Areas such as the arms, knees, shins and the facial area are especially common bruise sites. * Forces: Greater striking forces cause greater bruising. * Genes: Despite having completely normal coagulation factors, natural redheads have been shown to bruise more, although this may just be due to greater visibility on commonly associated lighter complexion. Severity Bruises can be scored on a scale from 0–5 to categorize the severity and danger of the injury. + Bruise harm score Harm score Severity level Notes 0 Light bruise No damage 1 Mild bruise Little damage 2 Moderate bruise Some damage 3 Serious bruise Dangerous 4 Extremely serious bruise Very dangerous 5 Critical bruise Risk of death The harm score is determined by the extent and severity of the injuries to the organs and tissues causing the bruising, in turn depending on multiple factors. For example, a contracted muscle will bruise more severely, as will tissues crushed against underlying bone. Capillaries vary in strength, stiffness and toughness, which can also vary by age and medical conditions. Low levels of damaging forces produce small bruises and generally cause the individual to feel minor pain straight away. Repeated impacts worsen bruises, increasing the harm level. Normally, light bruises heal nearly completely within two weeks, although duration is affected by variation in severity and individual healing processes; generally, more severe or deeper bruises take somewhat longer. Severe bruising (harm score 2–3) may be dangerous or cause serious complications. Further bleeding and excess fluid may accumulate causing a hard, fluctuating lump or swelling hematoma. This has the potential to cause compartment syndrome in which the swelling cuts off blood flow to the tissues. The trauma that induced the bruise may also have caused other severe and potentially fatal harm to internal organs. For example, impacts to the head can cause traumatic brain injury: bleeding, bruising and massive swelling of the brain with the potential to cause concussion, coma and death. Treatment for brain bruising may involve emergency surgery to relieve the pressure on the brain. Damage that causes bruising can also cause bones to be broken, tendons or muscles to be strained, ligaments to be sprained, or other tissue to be damaged. The<unk> s and signs of these injuries may initially appear to be those of simple bruising. Abdominal bruising or severe injuries that cause difficulty in moving a limb or the feeling of liquid under the skin may indicate life-threatening injury and require the attention of a physician.
symptom of Acute myeloid leukemia
symptom of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
symptom of Biphenotypic acute leukaemia
symptom of Aplastic anemia
symptoms of Biphenotypic acute leukaemia
symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma
symptom of Myelodysplastic syndrome
symptoms of Aplastic anemia