Three quarters of affected patients are asymptomatic. However, 25% develop cyanosis, pneumothorax, and show signs of increased breathing difficulty (tachypnoea and intercostal retractions).At examination, they may show hyper-resonance at percussion, diminished vesicular murmur and an asymmetrical thorax.
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia
Tracheal agenesis
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Surfactant metabolism dysfunction
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Patulous Eustachian tube