Iodine supplements<unk>  is treated by ingestion of iodine salts, such as found in food supplements. Mild cases may be treated by using iodized salt in daily food consumption, or drinking more milk, or eating egg yolks, and saltwater fish. For a salt and/or animal product restricted diet, sea vegetables (kelp, hijiki, dulse, nori (found in sushi)) may be incorporated regularly into a diet as a good source of iodine. The recommended daily intake of iodine for adult women is 150–300 µg for maintenance of normal thyroid function; for men, it is somewhat less at 150 µg. Nonetheless, there is a lack of evidence on iodine fortification in foods, beverages, condiments, or seasonings other than salt in preventing goiter or improving physical development. On the other hand, such a measure may increase iodine concentration in urine. However, too high iodine intake, for example due to overdosage of iodine supplements, can have toxic side effects. It can lead to hyperthyroidism and consequently high blood levels of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroxinemia). In case of extremely high single-dose iodine intake, typically a short-term suppression of thyroid function (Wolff–Chaikoff effect) occurs. Persons with pre-existing thyroid disease, elderly persons, fetuses and neonates, and patients with other risk factors are at a higher risk of experiencing iodine-induced thyroid abnormalities. In particular, in persons with goiter due to<unk>  or with altered thyroid function, a form of hyperthyroidism called Jod-Basedow phenomenon can be triggered even at small or single iodine dosages, for example as a side effect of administration of iodine-containing contrast agents. In some cases, excessive iodine contributes to a risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases (Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease). Different experts in nutrition advise different amounts of iodine supplementation. Supplementation is typically in a product which contains roughly half iodine and half iodide (a popular product used and sold for decades is “Iodoral®” which contains 5 mg of Iodine and 7.5 mg of Iodide). On low side there is Kara Fitzgerald recommending less than 1,100 mcg per day (except when treating some medical conditions), she considers long term dosage of 40,000 mcg per day “excessive”. In the middle we have Dr. Alan Gaby who considers a “moderately high dose” to be 3,000 to 6,000 mcg per day. On the higher end we have Dr. David Brownstein, Dr. Jorge Flechas, Dr. Guy Abraham, Dr. Alan Roby and Dr. Jonathan Wright who recommend 6,000 mcg to 50,000 mcg per day.
Iodine deficiency
Growth hormone deficiency
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis
Isolated growth hormone deficiency
Congenital hypothyroidism
Constitutional growth delay
Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency
Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome