The first episode of<unk>  may occur weeks to years after spinal cord injury takes place, but most people at risk (80%) develop their first episode within the first year after injury. Early<unk>  tends to be associated with less severe increases in blood pressure. One common causative factor may be an undetected urinary tract infection. The difficulty in assessing this may be complicated with the usage of indwelling or suprapubic catheters. Other causes include medication side effects and various disease processes. The use of stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines which can result in urinary retention, and the use of CNS depressants and other psychoactive drugs can also lead to urinary retention and constipation thus leading to<unk>  when in use over an extended period of time. Pain Current scientific literature suggests that noxious (painful) stimuli are the primary initiators of<unk> . (Note: Not all noxious stimuli will cause<unk> . Some otherwise severe noxious stimuli in normal people, e.g. broken bones, may not result in<unk> , and may in fact even go unnoticed.) However, different studies have found that activation of pain receptors in muscle and skin below the lesion in spinal cord injured individuals did not trigger<unk> . These studies suggests that not all noxious stimuli are reliable triggers of<unk> , and because non-noxious stimuli can also trigger<unk> , attribution of an episode of<unk>  to noxious stimuli may cause clinicians to overlook underlying non-noxious triggers. As a result, non-noxious trigger factors remain undetected, prolonging an episode of<unk> . They concluded that when deducing the potential causes of<unk>  it is important to consider non-noxious sources of stimulation in<unk> dition to noxious triggers. Current assessment of<unk>  in patients with known causative factors include palpation of the bladder and bowel and can also include bladder scan.
Autonomic dysreflexia
Neuroglycopenia
Monoplegia
Neuromyotonia
Hyperreflexia
Paresis
Synesthesia
Myotonia