The<unk>  ganglia may be cut in order to decrease the symptoms exhibited by Raynaud's phenomenon and hyperhydrosis (extreme sweating) of the hands. Injection of local anesthetics near the<unk>  can sometimes mitigate the symptoms of sympathetically mediated pain such as complex regional pain syndrome type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy), and PTSD. Injection is often given near the Chassaignac's tubercle (anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6) due to this being an important landmark lateral to the cricoid cartilage. It is thought that anesthetic is spread along the paravertebral muscles to the<unk> .<unk>  block also shows great potential as a means of reducing the number of hot flashes and night awakenings suffered by breast cancer survivors and women experiencing severe symptoms of menopause. There has been interest in using<unk>  blocks to treat PTSD, particularly in combat veterans. A 2017 review of the evidence from the VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program found that while the procedure had been reported as effective in unblinded case series, the evidence from randomized controlled trials remained inconclusive. Nerve fibers from the<unk>  go up the superior cervical sympathetic chain and into the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) ganglion (SPG). SPG blocks have been shown to reduce anxiety, headaches, migraines, cancer pain and other disorders. Self-administration of SPG blocks (SASPGB) is another method of delivering sphenopalatine blockade and indirect<unk>  blockade. Complications associated with a<unk>  block include Horner's syndrome, accidental intra-arterial or intravenous injection, difficulty swallowing, vocal cord paralysis, epidural spread of local anaesthetic, and pneumothorax. Blunt needling of the<unk>  with an acupuncture needle is used in traditional Chinese medicine to decrease sympathetically mediated symptoms as well. Block of the<unk>  has also been explored in coronary artery bypass surgery, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder. Left stellectomy is a treatment strategy in prolonged QT syndrome because activity of the<unk>  ganglia drives prolonged QT. However, this therapy is only offered to patients who are already on a beta blocker and experience frequent shocks from an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), because stellectomy causes Horner's syndrome.
Stellate ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
Olfactory trigone
Middle cervical ganglion
Medulla 
Medulla
Subfornical organ
Cortical minicolumn