<unk> s are the most common cardiac valvular anomaly, occurring in 1–2% of the general population. It is twice as common in males as in females.<unk>  is a heritable condition, with a demonstrated association with mutations in the NOTCH1 gene. Its heritability () is as high as 89%. Both familial clustering and isolated valve defects have been documented. Recent studies suggest that<unk>  is an autosomal dominant condition with incomplete penetrance. Other congenital heart defects are associated with<unk>  at various frequencies, including coarctation of the aorta.<unk>  abnormality is also the most observed cardiac defect in Turner syndrome.
Bicuspid aortic valve
Quadricuspid aortic valve
Flutter valve
Mitral annular calcification
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
Accessory auricle
Overriding aorta
Mitral annular disjunction