<unk>  is a dose quantity which is the measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass.<unk>  is used in the calculation of dose uptake in living tissue in both radiation protection (reduction of harmful effects), and radiology (potential beneficial effects for example in cancer treatment). It is also used to directly compare the effect of radiation on inanimate matter such as in radiation hardening. The SI unit of measure is the gray (Gy), which is defined as one Joule of energy<unk>  per kilogram of matter. The older, non-SI CGS unit rad, is sometimes also used, predominantly in the USA.
Absorbed dose
Effective dose 
Equivalent dose
Reference dose
Predicted environmental concentration
Threshold dose
Minimum alveolar concentration
Dose area product