Since bilateral and unilateral<unk>  may be attributed to different pathologies, appropriate managements should be adopted accordingly. Bilateral<unk>  can occur in isolation or associated with other disorders. This case is less understood and difficult to treat. On the other hand, Poland's syndrome is the most common cause of unilateral<unk> . Managements such as muscle/breast reconstruction and nipple areola relocation should be provided to these patients. Breast reconstruction Surgical treatment for breast defects such as mastectomy is also applicable to treat patients with<unk> . Tissue expansion is the most common technique and can be done by using either autologous or prosthetic tissue. For autologous reconstruction, different tissues may be chosen according to patients’ physical condition or their preferences. Prosthetic reconstruction may follow the same principles. Flap reconstruction is another method to rebuild the breast surgically. There are various kinds of flaps to choose depending on different situation. Nipple areola relocation<unk>  is often associated with Poland's syndrome, which requires appropriate reconstructive procedure to stabilize chest wall, transfer dynamic muscle and reposition nipple areola region. The treatment of nipple areola relocation provides space for secondary breast enlargement. In this treatment, the tissue expander can be inserted either beforehand or delayed. It can be placed in different parts of body depending on how many overlying soft tissues the patient has. In order to guide the dissection and make sure the correct location of these tissues, marking of the inframammary crease is required before operation.
Amastia
Hamartia 
Macrodontia 
Macrotia
Acrania
Spotted lunulae
Cystic eyeball
Auricular hypertrichosis