Acute The treatment for emergency traumatic<unk>  injuries focuses on assuring the person has enough oxygen from the<unk>  blood supply, and on maintaining normal blood pressure to avoid further injuries of the head or neck. The person may need surgery to remove clotted blood or repair skull fractures, for which cutting a hole in the skull may be necessary. Medicines used for traumatic injuries are diuretics, anti-seizure or coma-inducing drugs. Diuretics reduce the fluid in tissues lowering the pressure on the<unk> . In the first week after a traumatic<unk>  injury, a person may have a risk of seizures, which anti-seizure drugs help prevent. Coma-inducing drugs may be used during surgery to reduce impairments and restore blood flow. In the case of<unk>  from traumatic<unk>  injury, dexamethasone and/or Mannitol may be used. Chronic Various professions may be involved in the medical care and rehabilitation of someone suffering impairment after a<unk>  injury. Neurologists, neurosurgeons, and physiatrists are physicians specialising in treating<unk>  injury. Neuropsychologists (especially clinical neuropsychologists) are psychologists specialising in understanding the effects of<unk>  injury and may be involved in assessing the severity or creating rehabilitation strategies. Occupational therapists may be involved in running rehabilitation programs to help restore lost function or help re-learn essential skills. Registered nurses, such as those working in hospital intensive care units, are able to maintain the health of the severely<unk> -injured with constant administration of medication and neurological monitoring, including the use of the Glasgow Coma Scale used by other health professionals to quantify extent of orientation. Physiotherapists also play a significant role in rehabilitation after a<unk>  injury. In the case of a traumatic<unk>  injury (TBIs), physiotherapy treatment during the post-acute phase may include sensory stimulation, serial casting and splinting, fitness and aerobic<unk> ing, and functional<unk> ing. Sensory stimulation refers to regaining sensory perception through the use of modalities. There is no evidence to support the efficacy of this intervention. Serial casting and splinting are often used to reduce soft tissue contractures and muscle tone. Evidence based research reveals that serial casting can be used to increase passive range of motion (PROM) and decrease spasticity. Studies also report that fitness and aerobic<unk> ing will increase cardiovascular fitness; however the benefits will not be transferred to the functional level. Functional<unk> ing may also be used to treat patients with TBIs. To date, no studies supports the efficacy of sit to stand<unk> ing, arm ability<unk> ing and body weight support systems (BWS). Overall, studies suggest that patients with TBIs who participate in more intense rehabilitation programs will see greater benefits in functional skills. More research is required to better understand the efficacy of the treatments mentioned above. Other treatments for<unk>  injury include medication, psychotherapy, neuropsychological rehabilitation, snoezelen, surgery, or physical implants such as deep<unk>  stimulation.
Brain damage
Nerve injury
Head injury
Central nervous system disease
Stroke recovery
Acquired brain injury
Trauma
Soft tissue injury