A particular use for<unk>  is mapping the cortex to avoid causing language or movement deficits with the surgery. It is more effective than surgeries performed under general anesthesia in avoiding complications.<unk>  can be used in a variety of brain tumors, including glioblastomas, gliomas, and brain metastases. It can also be used for epilepsy surgery to remove a larger amount of the section of tissue causing the seizures without damaging function, for deep brain stimulation placement, or for pallidotomy.<unk>  has increased the scope of tumors that are considered resectable (treatable by surgery) and in general, reduces recovery time.<unk>  is also associated with reduced iatrogenic brain damage after surgery.
Awake craniotomy
Craniotomy
Suboccipital puncture
Decompressive craniectomy
Cranioplasty
Minimal-access cranial suspension
Frontal sinus trephination
Astragalectomy