A human peripheral<unk>  smear;<unk> s are visible as larger<unk> s with dark centers. A<unk>  <unk> , also known by several other names, is a<unk><unk> <unk>  that contains a<unk>  nucleus. Almost all vertebrate organisms have hemoglobin-containing<unk> s in their<unk> , and with the exception of mammals, all of these<unk><unk> <unk> s are<unk> . In mammals,<unk> s occur in normal development as precursors to mature<unk><unk> <unk> s in erythropoiesis, the process by which the body produces<unk><unk> <unk> s.<unk> s are normally found in the bone marrow of humans of all ages and in the<unk>  of fetuses and newborn infants. After infancy, RBCs normally contain a nucleus only during the very early stages of the<unk> 's life, and the nucleus is ejected as a normal part of<unk> ular differentiation before the<unk>  is released into the<unk> stream. Thus, if<unk> s are identified on an adult's complete<unk>  count or peripheral<unk>  smear, it suggests that there is a very high demand for the bone marrow to produce RBCs, and immature RBCs are being released into circulation. Possible pathologic causes include anemia, myelofibrosis, thalassemia, miliary tuberculosis, cancers involving bone marrow (myelomas, leukemias, lymphomas), and in chronic hypoxemia.
Nucleated red blood cell
Binucleated cells
Red cell agglutination
Erythrocyte fragility
Plasmacytosis
Lycopenemia
Hypersegmented neutrophil
Thrombocythemia