During the procedure, the patient is put under general anaesthesia. Five or six small incisions are made in the abdominal wall and laparoscopic instruments are inserted. The myotomy is a lengthwise cut along the esophagus, starting usually about 6 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter and extending down onto the stomach approximately 2-2.5 cm. The oesophagus is made of several layers, and the myotomy only cuts through the outside muscle layers which are squeezing it shut, leaving the inner mucosal layer intact. This procedure can also be performed robotically.
Heller myotomy
Septal myectomy
Hassab's decongestion operation
Stretta procedure
Nissen fundoplication
Transoral incisionless fundoplication
Per-oral endoscopic myotomy
SILS gastric banding