The<unk>  is a quick way for doctors to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia University, Dr. Virginia<unk> , as way to address the need for a standardized way to evaluate infants shortly after birth. Today, the categories developed by Dr.<unk>  used to assess the health of a newborn remain largely the same as in 1952, though the way they are implemented and used has evolved over the years. The<unk>  is determined through the evaluation of the newborn in five criteria: activity (tone), pulse, grimace, appearance, and respiration. For each criterion, newborns can receive a<unk>  from 0 to 2. The list of criteria is a backronym of Dr.<unk> 's surname.
Apgar score
ABCD rating
Respiratory disturbance index
Challacombe scale
Arneth count
Pediatric assessment triangle
Outline of brain mapping
Jaeger chart