The risk would probably be reduced by improved coaching techniques, such as teaching young batters to turn away from the ball to avoid errant pitches, according to doctors. Defensive players in lacrosse and hockey are now taught to avoid using their chest to block the ball or puck. Starting in 2017, high school lacrosse players are penalized, and play stopped immediately, if they enter their own goal crease with the apparent intent of blocking shots or acting as goalkeeper. Chest protectors and vests are designed to reduce trauma from blunt bodily injury, but this does not offer protection from<unk>  and may offer a false sense of security. Almost 20 percent of the victims in competitive football, baseball, lacrosse and hockey were wearing protectors. This ineffectiveness has been confirmed by animal studies. Development of adequate chest protectors may prove difficult.
Commotio cordis
Grisi siknis
Torus palatinus
Caput Medusae
Dolichonychia
Caput medusae
Pleurothotonus
Epiphora 