Originally babies who were eligible for<unk>  included pre-term infants weighing less than , and breathing independently. Cardiopulmonary monitoring, oximetry, supplemental oxygen or nasal (continuous positive airway pressure) ventilation, intravenous infusions, and monitor leads do not prevent<unk> . In fact, babies who are in<unk>  tend to be less prone to apnea and bradycardia and have stabilization of oxygen needs. During the early 1990s, the concept was advocated in North America for premature babies in neonatal intensive care units and later for full term babies. Research has been done in developed countries but there is a lag in implementation of<unk>  due to ready access of incubators and technology. Restrictions for eligibility to receive skin-to-skin contact are becoming fewer, the main constraint has probably been caregiver confidence and experience. Evidence While<unk>  initially generally implied care of low birth weight and preterm infants, skin-to-skin contact should be regarded as normal and basic for all newly born humans. An early study (1979) showed increased breastfeeding rates when skin-to-skin contact started at birth, and when early breastfeeding was encouraged every two hours. A randomized controlled trial published in 2004 reported that babies born between 1200 and 2200g became physiologically stable in skin-to-skin contact starting from birth, compared to similar babies in incubators. In another randomized controlled trial conducted in Ethiopia, survival improved when skin-to-skin contact was started before 6 hours of age. In the 1990s studies began to note a series of innate behaviors in full term infants when placed in SSC with their mothers. One 2011 study described a sequence of nine innate behaviors as: It is believed that A Cochrane review on "Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy babies", updated in 2015, provided clinical support for the scientific rationale but looked at evidence for early skin-to-skin contact for healthy babies. The available evidence showed that early skin-to-skin contact was associated with increased rates of breastfeeding, and some evidence of improved physiological outcomes (early stability of the heart rate and breathing) for the babies. In 2016 a Cochrane review,<unk>  mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants", was published bringing together data from 21 studies including 3042 low birth-weight babies (less than at birth). This review showed that babies receiving<unk>  had a reduced risk of death, hospital-acquired infection, and low body temperature (hypothermia); was also associated with increased weight gain, growth in length, and rates of breastfeeding.
Kangaroo care
Assisted feeding
Morning care
Breastfeeding promotion
Infant bathing
Breastfeeding in public
Ignipuncture
Infant massage