Adults Causes of<unk>  in adults include physical trauma or from hemorrhagic stroke. Infants Infants that are preterm and very low birth weight are also at high risk.<unk>  in the preterm brain usually arises from the germinal matrix whereas<unk>  in the term infants originates from the choroid plexus. However, it is particularly common in premature infants or those of very low birth weight. The cause of<unk>  in premature infants, unlike that in older infants, children or adults, is rarely due to trauma. Instead it is thought to result from changes in perfusion of the delicate cellular structures that are present in the growing brain, augmented by the immaturity of the cerebral circulatory system, which is especially vulnerable to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The lack of blood flow results in cell death and subsequent breakdown of the blood vessel walls, leading to bleeding. While this bleeding can result in further injury, it is itself a marker for injury that has already occurred. Most<unk> s occur in the first 72 hours after birth. The risk is increased with use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in preterm infants. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can be an important cause.
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Neonatal encephalopathy
Neonatal stroke
Neonatal seizure
Hydrocephalus
Neonatal meningitis
Traumatic asphyxia
Vocal cord hemorrhage