Treatment depends upon presentation and severity of the disease. Due to the poorly studied nature of the disease, the effectiveness of the drugs and therapies listed below is unclear. Possible treatments include the following: Lifestyle Warm baths may be tried in those with mild disease. Weight loss and stopping smoking are also recommended. Medication * Antibiotics: taken by mouth, these are used for their anti-inflammatory properties rather than to treat infection. Most effective is a combination of rifampicin and clindamycin given concurrently for 2–3 months. Popular antibiotics also include tetracycline and minocycline. Topical clindamycin has been shown to have an effect in double-blind placebo controlled studies. * Corticosteroid injections, also known as intralesional steroids, can be particularly useful for localized disease, if the drug can be prevented from escaping via the sinuses. * Antiandrogen therapy, hormonal therapy with antiandrogenic medications such as spironolactone, flutamide, cyproterone acetate, ethinylestradiol, finasteride, dutasteride, and metformin, have been found to be effective in clinical studies. However, the quality of available evidence is low and does not presently allow for robust evidence-based recommendations. * Intravenous or subcutaneous infusion of anti-inflammatory (TNF inhibitors; anti-TNF-alpha) drugs such as infliximab, and etanercept This use of these drugs is not currently Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and is somewhat controversial, so may not be covered by insurance. * TNF inhibitor: Studies have supported that various TNF inhibitors have a positive effect on<unk>  lesions. Specifically adalimumab at weekly intervals is useful. Adalimumab is the only medication to be approved by the FDA for the treatment of<unk>  as of 2021. * Topical isotretinoin is usually ineffective in people with<unk> , and is more commonly known as a medication for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Individuals affected by<unk>  who responded to isotretinoin treatment tended to have milder cases of the condition. Surgery When the process becomes chronic, wide surgical excision is the procedure of choice. Wounds in the affected area do not heal by secondary intention, and immediate or delayed application of a split-thickness skin graft is an option. Another option is covering the defect with a perforator flap. With this technique, the (mostly totally excised) defect is covered with tissue from an area nearby. For example, the axilla with a fully excised defect of 15 × 7 cm can be covered with a thoracodorsal artery perforator flap. Laser hair removal The 1064-nm wavelength laser for hair removal may aid in the treatment of<unk> . A randomized control study has shown improvement in<unk>  lesions with the use of an Nd:YAG laser.
Hidradenitis suppurativa
Acne
Folliculitis decalvans
Pilonidal disease
Streptococcal intertrigo
Acne conglobata
Helicobacter cellulitis
Keratolysis exfoliativa