<unk>  carries certain risks that may be serious or life-threatening. When making the decision to undergo such a procedure it is recommended to compare the benefits with the potential risks and complications. Hence, all patients must be informed on all the risks they are exposing themselves to. Severe complications occur however in rare cases and these include blood clots, thrombosis, cardiac and pulmonary complications or infection. Infection and blood clots are a serious potential risk after<unk> , but which occur rarely. Infection is usually treated with antibiotics and drainage. Patients are recommended to move around as soon as possible after surgery to minimize their risks of developing blood clots. Pulmonary embolism, heart attack or stroke are very rare complications that may result after any type of surgery due to immobility after surgery which results in blood clots that may travel to the heart, lung or brain. Thus, pulmonary embolism is a serious risk after "tummy tuck" procedure and if they occur, they commonly happen within three weeks of the surgery, but more commonly within the first 72 hours after the procedure has been performed. If complications occur, they usually delay the healing process. In rare cases, another surgery is needed to fix a potential complication. Skin necrosis is one of the complications that may require another procedure as the dead skin must be replaced by a skin graft. Although necrosis is extremely rare, smokers have an increased risk to develop skin necrosis. Stopping nicotine use and smoking several weeks before and several weeks after surgery cleans the body and improves the chance of an uneventful recovery. One of the more common problems after an<unk>  is collection of fluid under the skin after the drains have been removed. A surgeon can aspirate the fluid with a needle. The drainage stops within a month and does not affect the final results. The scars resulting from<unk>  are long, large in appearance, and permanent. The size of the scar depends on the amount of skin that has been cut off, the techniques used for the surgery, the surgeon's skills, and the body's ability to recover. Although this scar will never become invisible, it is usually placed under the swimsuit line so it is covered by clothes. It normally takes nine months to a year before scars flatten out and lighten in color. Possible risks of<unk>  include: * Bleeding * Fluid accumulation * Poor wound healing * Skin loss * Numbness or other changes in skin sensation * Anesthesia complications * Skin discoloration and/or prolonged swelling * Fatty tissue found deep in the skin might die (fat necrosis) * Major wound separation * Asymmetry * Recurrent looseness of skin * Pain, which may persist * Persistent swelling in the legs * Nerve damage * Possibility of revisional surgery * Hematoma (may occur in 3 to 4% of cases) * Keloid (heavy scar) * Seroma * Suture rupture * Swelling * Visible scar * Death
Abdominoplasty
Pull-through procedure
Fistulotomy
Fistulectomy
Perineoplasty
Coloanal anastomosis
Ostectomy
Anal sphincterotomy