Synthetic pharmaceutical drugs with<unk> -like effects are used in a variety of conditions, ranging from brain tumors to skin diseases. Dexamethasone and its derivatives are almost pure glucocorticoids, while prednisone and its derivatives have some mineralocorticoid action in addition to the glucocorticoid effect. Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is a synthetic mineralocorticoid. Hydrocortisone (cortisol) is typically used for replacement therapy, e.g. for adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Medical conditions treated with systemic<unk> s: * Allergy and respirology medicine * Asthma (severe exacerbations) * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) * Allergic rhinitis * Atopic dermatitis * Hives * Angioedema * Anaphylaxis * Food allergies * Drug allergies * Nasal polyps * Hypersensitivity pneumonitis * Sarcoidosis * Eosinophilic pneumonia * Some other types of pneumonia (in addition to the traditional antibiotic treatment protocols) * Interstitial lung disease * Dermatology * Pemphigus vulgaris * Contact dermatitis * Endocrinology (usually at physiologic doses) * Addison's disease * Adrenal insufficiency * Congenital adrenal hyperplasia * Gastroenterology * Ulcerative colitis * Crohn's disease * Autoimmune hepatitis * Hematology * Lymphoma * Leukemia * Hemolytic anemia * Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura *Multiple Myeloma * Rheumatology/Immunology * Rheumatoid arthritiseas * Systemic lupus erythematosus * Polymyalgia rheumatica * Polymyositis * Dermatomyositis * Polyarteritis * Vasculitis * Ophthalmology * Uveitis * Optic neuritis * Keratoconjunctivitis * Other conditions * Multiple sclerosis relapses * Organ transplantation * Nephrotic syndrome * Chronic hepatitis (flare ups) * Cerebral edema * IgG4-related disease * Prostate cancer * Tendinosis * Lichen planus Topical formulations are also available for the skin, eyes (uveitis), lungs (asthma), nose (rhinitis), and bowels.<unk> s are also used supportively to prevent nausea, often in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists (e.g. ondansetron). Typical undesired effects of glucocorticoids present quite uniformly as drug-induced Cushing's syndrome. Typical mineralocorticoid side-effects are hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure), steroid induced diabetes mellitus, psychosis, poor sleep, hypokalemia (low potassium levels in the blood), hypernatremia (high sodium levels in the blood) without causing peripheral edema, metabolic alkalosis and connective tissue weakness. Wound healing or ulcer formation may be inhibited by the immunosuppressive effects. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that<unk> s can cause permanent eye damage by inducing central serous retinopathy <unk> R, also known as central serous chorioretinopathy,<unk> C). This should be borne in mind when treating patients with optic neuritis. There is experimental and clinical evidence that, at least in optic neuritis speed of treatment initiation is important. A variety of steroid medications, from anti-allergy nasal sprays (Nasonex, Flonase) to topical skin creams, to eye drops (Tobradex), to prednisone have been implicated in the development of<unk> R.<unk> s have been widely used in treating people with traumatic brain injury. A systematic review identified 20 randomised controlled trials and included 12,303 participants, then compared patients who received<unk> s with patients who received no treatment. The authors recommended people with traumatic head injury should not be routinely treated with<unk> s.
Corticosteroid
Glucocorticoid
Anticorticosteroid
Antiglucocorticoid
Anabolic steroid
Adrenal steroid
Steroid
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug