There are different kinds of TBI that cause different<unk>  dysfunctions. Research suggests that TBI results in damage to sleep-regulation centers including the reticular activation system, specifically damage to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) which leads to disturbances in the circadian rhythm. Considering hypersomnia, mostly areas involving the maintenance of wakefulness are damaged, such as the rostral pons, caudal midbrain and thalamus. Sleep<unk>  are more frequently reported when patients suffer from mild TBI (mTBI). Reasons for that could be the increased awareness of postinjury changes in mild TBI patients because they may be more determined to return to their preinjury life situation. All age groups can be affected from sleep<unk>  after TBI, including children and adolescents. There are several risk factors that are associated with occurring sleep<unk> , such as lower years of education, severity of head injury and occurrence of residuals symptoms, for example headache or dizziness. Further neurodegeneration such as impaired neurotransmitter function, cerebrovascular autoregulatory dysfunction, neuroinflammation and dysregulation of circadian hormones such as melatonin and adenosine can also be a consequence leading to sleep disturbances.
Sleeping disorders following traumatic brain injury
Acute behavioural disturbance
Mass psychogenic illness
Post-stroke depression
Pollutant-induced abnormal behaviour
Fatal insomnia
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome
Complications of traumatic brain injury