The treatment of<unk>  is mainly supportive, and is most successful where diagnosis is made early and interventions are instituted before systemic complications occur. The diagnosis may indeed be made peri-operatively, in which case the procedure should be terminated as soon as possible. The patient should preferably be transferred to a high dependency unit and be attached to continuous monitoring. Respiratory support The patient should receive supplemental high-flow 100% oxygen through a non-rebreathe mask. Endotracheal intubation and positive pressure ventilation may be necessary where pulmonary oedema has developed. Cardiovascular support Blood pressure should be monitored via insertion of a central line and arterial line. Inotropes may be employed judiciously to support blood pressure. Plasma expansion may be necessary if hypotension and low cardiac output develop. Correction of hyponatraemia Hypertonic saline may be given intravenously, however this must be done carefully as a rapid increase in serum sodium concentration may lead to central pontine myelinolysis. Concurrently the slow administration of intravenous diuretics such as furosemide can correct the sodium by diuresis, however these should be given with caution as they may paradoxically cause a reduction in serum sodium concentration. Raising the sodium at a rate of 1 mmol/L/hour is considered safe. Symptomatic support Nausea and vomiting can be treated with intravenous anti-emetics. Seizures and convulsions may be managed with benzodiazepines. Replacement of clotting factors Disseminated intravascular coagulation must be managed by careful transfusion of packed red cells, fresh frozen plasma, fibrinogen and platelets, but this rarely helps and can be deleterious by "adding fuel" to microvascular thrombosis. Regular blood tests will be necessary to monitor improvement in clotting status.
Transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome
Overactive bladder
Underactive bladder
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Urethral cancer
Urethral syndrome
Urinary bladder disease