The principles of treatment for MDR-TB and for<unk>  are the same. Second-line drugs are more toxic than the standard anti-TB regimen and can cause a range of serious side-effects including hepatitis, depression, hallucinations, and deafness. Patients are often hospitalized for long periods, in isolation. In addition, second-line drugs are extremely expensive compared with the cost of drugs for standard TB treatment.<unk>  is associated with a much higher mortality rate than MDR-TB, because of a reduced number of effective treatment options. A 2008 study in the Tomsk oblast of Russia, reported that 14 out of 29 (48.3%) patients with<unk>  successfully completed treatment. In 2018, the WHO reported that the treatment success rate for<unk>  was 34% for the 2015 cohort, compared to 55% for MDR/RR-TB (2015 cohort), 77% for HIV-associated TB (2016 cohort), and 82% for TB (2016 cohort). A 2018 meta-analysis of 12,030 patients from 25 countries in 50 studies has demonstrated that treatment success increases and mortality decreases when treatment includes bedaquiline, later generation fluoroquinolones, and linezolid. One regimen for<unk>  called Nix-TB, a combination pretomanid, bedaquiline, and linezolid, has shown promise in early clinical trials. Successful outcomes depend on a number of factors including the extent of the drug resistance, the severity of the disease and whether the patient's immune system is compromised. It also depends on access to laboratories that can provide early and accurate diagnosis so that effective treatment is provided as soon as possible. Effective treatment requires that all six classes of second-line drugs be available to clinicians who have special expertise in treating such cases.
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Totally drug-resistant tuberculosis
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Primary inoculation tuberculosis
Latent tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Miliary tuberculosis