The<unk>  <unk>  is a self-reporting questionnaire for assessment of<unk>  disorders (Axis II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) introduced in 1993 by Lee Anna Clark. It is not to be confused with<unk> -IV — the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, rev. 4. Initially it was compiled from the DSM-III criteria. The questions are grouped into 15 scales. Twelve of them assess maladaptive<unk> : mistrust, self-harm, eccentric perceptions, aggression, manipulativeness, entitlement, detachment, exhibitionism, dependency, impulsivity, workaholism, propriety, and three assess rather broad traits: negative temperament, positive temperament, disinhibition, The convergence of<unk>  with other independently developed tests, such as DAPP-BQ (Dimensional Assessment of<unk>  Pathology—Basic Questionnaire), are noted in literature. One study provided some evidence for the test-retest reliability and predictive validity.
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