Specific treatment for<unk>  depends on the underlying cause of the condition, but often initially includes a combination of speech therapy, vocal rest, and antireflux medication. A more aggressive treatment approach could include steroids (inhalant or injection), injections of botulinum toxin, low dose radiotherapy, vocal fold augmentation, or microlaryngeal surgery). Microlaryngeal surgery can be performed either via cold steel excision or various types of laser. The laser is more accurate and typically results in less damage to the surrounding tissue. These more aggressive approaches might be used in the case of the refractory (i.e. resistant to treatment)<unk>  where previous interventions have not succeeded or recurrence rates are high. The best outcomes appear to occur when a combination of treatments is used. Steroids The application of corticosteroids to treat<unk> s is considered a more extreme approach and its utility remains in contention. When employed, it is usually used in conjunction with antibiotics for the reduction of pain and inflammation related to the<unk> . This treatment can be administered orally, through inhalation, or through intralesion injection. Botox injection The injection of botulinum neurotoxin A, or Botox, to treat<unk> s is considered a more extreme approach, and is generally only pursued when the case has been resistant to other treatments. In this approach, Botox is injected into the thyroarytenoid muscle (unilaterally or bilaterally), targeting a reduction in the<unk>  forces of the arytenoids. Surgery When all other medical and behavioural treatments have been attempted, surgical removal of the<unk>  is possible as a last resort option. However, caution needs to be exercised, especially in the cases of<unk>  resulting from external factors (i.e., when factors are eliminated, the<unk>  resolves independently), because any irritation can cause the<unk> s to reappear.
Contact granuloma
Phototoxic tar dermatitis
Diabetic dermadrome
Chronic actinic dermatitis
Occupational acne
Noxzema
Nummular dermatitis
Actinic granuloma