There is no known cure for<unk> , therefore treatment for the disease involves managing symptoms as they manifest in the patient. As not all<unk>  patients develop the same symptoms, treatment plans vary between patients. Proper treatment of hypothalamic dysfunction and hypoventilation is the most critical aspect of<unk>  management, as these symptoms have the greatest ability to cause death or behavioral problems if left uncontrolled. Rapid onset obesity treatment Attempting to control weight through diet and exercise can be exceedingly difficult in patients with<unk>  due to a number of factors. Encouraging<unk>  patients to exercise vigorously can be dangerous, as their breathing will not increase with exertion and this can cause hypoxia. Therefore, it is important for<unk>  patients to exercise at a moderate intensity and for their oxygen levels to be monitored throughout. Typically, the obesity associated with<unk>  is managed by preventing further weight gain as the child grows. Hypothalamic dysfunction treatment Treatment for hypothalamic dysfunction is tailored to each patient's needs, as there is no set of hypothalamic symptoms that all<unk>  patients will manifest. All<unk>  patients should be evaluated by a pediatric endocrinologist in order to determine a treatment plan for hypothalamic dysfunction. Patients may be given human growth hormone to treat stunted growth, or hormone replacement to treat any hormone deficiencies. Often patients are placed on a strict fluid regimen to treat for imbalances such as hyponatremia or hypernatremia. Patients who present with diabetes insipidus may also be treated with desmopressin, a synthetic replacement for anti-diuretic hormone. Hypoventilation treatment Every<unk>  patient requires some form of ventilatory support, ranging from non-invasive BiPAP machines to tracheostomy procedures. Approximately 50% of<unk>  patients will require ventilatory support day and night, whereas the other half only require night-time support. A bilevel positive airway pressure machine, or BiPAP, is a ventilator mask worn at night. The BiPAP pushes air into the lungs, therefore breathing for the patient. This is helpful for<unk>  patients, as hypoventilation causes the mechanism that controls breathing in oxygen to slow and sometimes stop during sleep. A tracheostomy is the result of a surgical procedure to create a hole in the trachea in order to give access to ventilatory tubing. This procedure is performed to create an airway in situations when long term continuous use of a ventilator is needed.<unk>  patients whose hypoventilation is so severe that they require support during the day and night will often undergo tracheostomies. Autonomic dysfunction treatment Treatment for autonomic dysfunction varies greatly on the severity of the dysfunction and the type. Many patients with<unk>  experience strabismus, which is a weakness in eye muscle causing a "cross-eyed" effect. This can be treated with glasses, eye muscle exercises, or even surgery.<unk>  patients also often experience bradycardia, or low heart rate. This may require a cardiac pacemaker be placed in order to regulate heartbeat. Gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation or diarrhea, are often treated on an as-needed basis with laxatives or dietary changes. It is also important that ambient temperatures are monitored in patients who have temperature regulation issues such as hyperthermia or hypothermia. Neuroendocrine tumor treatment Tumors of neural crest origin develop in approximately 40% of patients. These are typically ganglioneuromas or ganglioneuroblastomas. Neural crest tumors have the ability to form in multiple organs tissues throughout the body, typically in the chest or abdomen. It is therefore important for<unk>  patients to have regular MRI and CT scans to screen for tumor growth. It is believed that these tumors do not significantly affect the prognosis for<unk>  patients. Neuroendocrine tumors can arise 7–16 years after the initial onset of symptoms, therefore the name<unk> NET (which includes these tumors) has not been widely accepted as it is believed this name would lead to further misdiagnosis. Treatment for these neuroendocrine tumors requires surgical removal, typically performed by a pediatric oncologist.
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