Men who work with<unk> ,4-D are at risk for abnormally shaped sperm and thus fertility problems; the risk depends on the amount and duration of exposure and other personal factors. Acute toxicity According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "The toxicity of<unk> ,4-D depends on its chemical forms, including salts, esters, and an<unk>  form.<unk> ,4-D generally has low toxicity for humans, except certain<unk>  and salt forms can cause eye irritation. Swimming is restricted for<unk><unk>  hours after application of certain<unk> ,4-D products applied to control aquatic weeds to avoid eye irritation." the median lethal dose or LD50 determined in acute toxicity rat studies was 639 mg/kg. Urinary alkalinisation has been used in acute poisoning, but evidence to support its use is poor. Cancer risk The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies<unk> ,4-D as a possible carcinogen to humans while the United States Environmental Protection Agency does not. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), said<unk> ,4-D was classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group<unk> B), based on inadequate evidence in humans and limited evidence in experimental animals". In June<unk> 015 the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer confirmed its 1987 classification of<unk> ,4-D as a possible carcinogen. On August 8,<unk> 007, the EPA issued a ruling that existing data do not support a link between human cancer and<unk> ,4-D exposure. A 1995 panel of 13 scientists reviewing studies on the carcinogenicity of<unk> ,4-D had divided opinions. None of the scientists thought the weight of the evidence indicated that<unk> ,4-D was a "known" or "probable" cause of human cancer. The predominant opinion indicated that it is possible that<unk> ,4-D can cause cancer in humans, although not all of the panelists believed the possibility was equally likely: one thought the possibility was strong, leaning toward probable, and five thought the possibility was remote, leaning toward unlikely. Two panelists believed it unlikely that<unk> ,4-D can cause cancer in humans. In a prior 1987 report the IARC classified some chlorphenoxy herbicides including<unk> ,4-D, MCPA and<unk> ,4,5-T as a group as class<unk> B carcinogens - "possibly carcinogenic to humans". Contaminants A July<unk> 013 Four Corners investigation found elevated levels of dioxins in a generic version of<unk> ,4-D, one of Australia's most widely used herbicides. One scientist said the product tested by Four Corners, which was imported from China, had "one of the highest dioxin readings for<unk> ,4-D in the last 10 to<unk> 0 years, and could pose potential health risks."
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Ipriflavone
Povidone-iodine
Tuberculinic acid
Griseofulvin
Terbinafine
Ketoconazole