Because<unk>  influence susceptibility to<unk> , it can be shaped by evolution. Fitness-impairing disorders, including severe<unk>  tend to disappear as a result of natural selection, and their frequency decreases to near the rate of spontaneous mutation. However,<unk>  has not diminished over millions of years of evolution. Its prevalence has at least been maintained at a high level, and has even been shown to be increasing. This phenomenon suggests that a central nervous system (CNS) susceptible to severe, intermittent<unk> has been linked to an important survival or reproductive advantage. Five possible evolutionary explanations exist: i)<unk>  as a defense mechanism, ii)<unk>  as a result of conflicts with other organisms, iii)<unk>  as a result of novel environmental factors, iv)<unk>  as a compromise between<unk> harms and benefits, and v)<unk> as a design constraint. These considerations allow the treatment and prevention of<unk>  to be approached from an evolutionary medicine perspective.
Genetics of migraine headaches
NIH classification of headaches
Genetics of synesthesia
Multiple sclerosis biomarkers
ICHD classification and diagnosis of migraine
Management of multiple sclerosis
Management of chronic headaches
Migraine surgery