All surgical procedures involve a degree of risk however this must be balanced against the significant risks associated with severe obesity. Some of the surgical risks or complications for this procedure are: perforation involving small bowel, duodenum, or stomach causing a leak, infection, abscess, deep vein thrombosis (blood clot), and pulmonary emboli (blood clot traveling to the lungs). Longer term risks include the possibility of vitamin and mineral deficiency, hernia and bowel obstruction. There is little information as to the longer-term risks (greater than 15 years), as this procedure was very rarely performed prior to the year 2000. The traditional biliopancreatic diversion with<unk>  (BPD-DS) led to persistent malnutrition in a subset of patients. However, the loop<unk>  reduces this risk because it bypasses a smaller portion of the small intestine, but there is no long term information for the loop<unk>  to fully and accurately compare. Malnutrition is an uncommon and preventable risk after<unk> .
Duodenal switch
Kock pouch
Neural clique
Indiana pouch
Ileo-anal pouch
B-Lynch suture
Cecal bascule
Anal plug