Diagnosis is usually performed by needle aspiration biopsy or excisional biopsy of the mass and the histological demonstration of stainable acid-fast bacteria in the case of infection by M. tuberculosis (Ziehl–Neelsen stain), or the culture of NTM using specific growth and staining techniques. Pathology The classical histologic pattern of scrofula features caseating granulomas with central acellular necrosis (caseous necrosis) surrounded by granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells. Although tuberculous and non tuberculosis lymphadenitis are morphologically identical, the pattern is somewhat distinct from other causes of bacterial lymphadenitis.
Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis
Sebaceous lymphadenoma
Tuberculous lymphadenitis
Genital herpes
Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
Urogenital tuberculosis
HIV salivary gland disease
Caseous lymphadenitis