<unk>  can be caused by impairment to parts of the brain that control muscle movement and<unk> . However, identifying a particular region of the brain in which<unk>  always occurs has been controversial. Various patients with damage to left subcortical structures, regions of the insula, and Broca’s area have been diagnosed with<unk> . Most commonly it is triggered by vascular lesions, but<unk>  can also arise due to tumors and trauma. Acute<unk>  Stroke-associated<unk>  is the most common form of acquired<unk> , making up about 60% of all reported acquired<unk>  cases. This is one of the several possible disorders that can result from a stroke, but only about 11% of stroke cases involve this disorder. Brain damage to the neural connections, and especially the neural synapses, during the stroke can lead to acquired<unk> . Most cases of stroke-associated<unk>  are minor, but in the most severe cases, all linguistic motor function can be lost and must be relearned. Since most with this form of<unk>  are at least fifty years old, few fully recover to their previous level of ability to produce<unk> . Other disorders and injuries of the brain that can lead to<unk>  include (traumatic) dementia, progressive neurological disorders, and traumatic brain injury. Progressive<unk>  Recent research has established the existence of primary progressive<unk>  caused by neuroanatomic motor atrophy. For a long time, this disorder was not distinguished from other motor<unk>  disorders such as dysarthria and in particular primary progressive aphasia. Many studies have been done trying to identify areas in the brain in which this particular disorder occurs or at least to show that it occurs in different areas of the brain than other disorders. One study observed 37 patients with neurodegenerative<unk>  disorders to determine whether or not it is distinguishable from other disorders, and if so where in the brain it can be found. Using<unk>  and language, neurological, neuropsychological and neuroimaging testing, the researchers came to the conclusion that PAS does exist and that it correlates to superior lateral premotor and supplementary motor atrophy. However, because PAS is such a rare and recently discovered disorder, many studies do not have enough subjects to observe to make data entirely conclusive.
Apraxia of speech
Receptive aphasia
Ideomotor apraxia
Anomic aphasia
Executive dysfunction
Expressive aphasia
Global aphasia
Misophonia