In classical cavitary cases, the diagnosis of<unk>  may be suspected based on its presentation as<unk> s in one or more bodily cavities in individuals with a history of the immunodeficiencies cited above. The diagnosis is supported by microscopic examination of cytologic smears taken from these<unk> s. These smears typically show plasmablasts and, in some cases, other malignant cells that have the morphology of anaplastic cells (i.e., large pleomorphic cells) or the Reed-Sternberg cells associated with Hodgkin disease. As detected by immunostaining methods, the malignant cells typically express molecular marker proteins such as CD45 (which is not expressed on mature plasma cells) as well as activation and plasma cell marker proteins such as CD30, MUC1, CD38, syndecan 1, and IRF4/MUM1; they do not express B-cell molecular marker proteins such as PAX5, CD19, CD29, or CD79a. The cells may also express many of the structural and non-structural gene abnormalities cited in the Pathophysiology section. By definition, individuals with<unk>  are infected by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8 or KSHV/HHV8) and therefore evidence malignant cells that express products of this virus such as LANA1. In most cases, these individuals are also infected with EBV and therefore evidence malignant cells that express products of this virus such as EBER1/2 nuclear RNA's. Cases associated with HIV/AIDS test positive for antibodies directed against this virus. <unk>  occurs in the absence of HHV-8 and HIV, although this is rare.) Individuals with<unk>  that is associated with cirrosis due to hepatitis evidence positive serum tests for the hepatitis virus B antigen (HBsAg) or one of the various tests for hepatitis C antigen. Extracavitary<unk>  is diagnosed based on findings that their mass lesions contain the same or very similar types of malignant cells and the same set of blood and serum findings as those that are found in cavitary<unk> .
Primary effusion lymphoma
AIDS-related lymphoma
Thymoma with immunodeficiency
Mixed-cell lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Indolent lymphoma
Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
Gray zone lymphoma