There are no definitive diagnostic tests for<unk> . It is a poorly understood disorder, even though it accounts for 90–95% of prostatitis diagnoses.<unk>  may be inflammatory (Category IIIa) or non-inflammatory (Category IIIb), based on levels of pus cells in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS), but these subcategories are of limited use clinically. In the inflammatory form, urine, semen, and other fluids from the prostate contain pus cells (dead white blood cells or WBCs), whereas in the non-inflammatory form no pus cells are present. Recent studies have questioned the distinction between categories IIIa and IIIb, since both categories show evidence of inflammation if pus cells are ignored and other more subtle signs of inflammation, like cytokines, are measured. In 2006, Chinese researchers found that men with categories IIIa and IIIb both had significantly and similarly raised levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGFβ1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in their EPS when compared with controls; therefore measurement of these cytokines could be used to diagnose category III prostatitis. A 2010 study found that nerve growth factor could also be used as a biomarker of the condition. For<unk>  patients, analysis of urine and expressed prostatic secretions for leukocytes is debatable, especially due to the fact that the differentiation between patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory subgroups of<unk>  is not useful. Serum PSA tests, routine imaging of the prostate, and tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma provide no benefit for the patient. Extraprostatic abdominal/pelvic tenderness is present in >50% of patients with<unk><unk> <unk><unk>  but only 7% of controls. Healthy men have slightly more bacteria in their semen than men with CPPS. The high prevalence of WBCs and positive bacterial cultures in the asymptomatic control population raises questions about the clinical usefulness of the standard Meares-Stamey four-glass test as a diagnostic tool in men with<unk> . By 2000, the use of the four-glass test by American urologists was rare, with only 4% using it regularly. Men with<unk>  are more likely than the general population to suffer from<unk>  fatigue<unk>  (CFS), and Irritable Bowel<unk>  (IBS). Experimental tests that could be useful in the future include tests to measure semen and prostate fluid cytokine levels. Various studies have shown increases in markers for inflammation such as elevated levels of cytokines, myeloperoxidase, and chemokines. Differential diagnosis Some conditions have similar symptoms to<unk>  prostatitis: bladder neck hypertrophy and urethral stricture may both cause similar symptoms through urinary reflux (inter alia) and can be excluded through flexible cystoscopy and urodynamic tests. Nomenclature A distinction is sometimes made between "IIIa" (Inflammatory) and "IIIb" (Noninflammatory) forms of<unk> , depending on whether pus cells (WBCs) can be found in the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of the patient. Some researchers have questioned the usefulness of this categorisation, calling for the Meares–Stamey four-glass test to be abandoned. In 2007, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) began using the umbrella term Urologic<unk><unk> <unk><unk> s (UCPPS), for research purposes, to refer to<unk><unk> s associated with the bladder (i.e. interstitial cystitis/painful bladder<unk> , IC/PBS) and the prostate gland (i.e.<unk> ,<unk> . Older terms for this condition are "prostatodynia" (prostate<unk>  and non-bacterial<unk>  prostatitis. These terms are no longer in use. Symptom classification A classification system called "UPOINT" was developed by urologists Shoskes and Nickel to allow clinical profiling of a patient's symptoms into six broad categories: * Urinary symptoms * Psychological dysfunction * Organ-specific symptoms * Infectious causes * Neurologic dysfunction * Tenderness of the<unk>  floor muscles The UPOINT system allows for individualized and multimodal therapy.
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
symptom of Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Cancer
symptom of Urethral cancer
Prostatitis
symptoms of Bladder cancer
Overactive bladder