Ultrasound image of a<unk>  Blood tests may detect the presence of placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP, ALKP, ALPase, Alk Phos) in fifty percent of cases. However, Alk Phos cannot usefully stand alone as a marker for<unk>  and contributes little to follow-up, due to its rise with smoking. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) may be elevated in some cases, but this correlates more to the presence of trophoblast cells within the tumour than to the stage of the tumour. A classical or pure<unk>  by definition do not cause an elevated serum alpha fetoprotein. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) may be the only marker that is elevated in some<unk> s. The degree of elevation in the serum LDH has prognostic value in advanced<unk> . The cut surface of the tumour is fleshy and lobulated, and varies in colour from cream to tan to pink. The tumour tends to bulge from the cut surface, and small areas of hemorrhage may be seen. These areas of hemorrhage usually correspond to trophoblastic cell clusters within the tumour. Microscopic examination shows that<unk> s are usually composed of either a sheet-like or lobular pattern of cells with a fibrous stromal network. The fibrous septa almost always contain focal lymphocyte inclusions, and granulomas are sometimes seen. The tumour cells themselves typically have abundant clear to pale pink cytoplasm containing abundant glycogen, which is demonstrable with a periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. The nuclei are prominent and usually contain one or two large nucleoli, and have prominent nuclear membranes. Foci of syncytiotrophoblastic cells may be present in varied amounts. The adjacent testicular tissue commonly shows intratubular germ cell neoplasia, and may also show variable spermatocytic maturation arrest. Image:Testicular<unk>  (1) nodal metastasis.Histopathological image of metastatic<unk>  in the inguinal lymph node. Hematoxylin & eosin stain. Image:Testicular<unk>  (2) nodal metastasis.Histopathological image of metastatic<unk>  in the inguinal lymph node. At higher magnification. Hematoxylin & eosin stain. Image:Seminoma.Micrograph (high magnification) of a<unk> . H&E stain. image:Testis_-_classic_seminoma0003.Testicular<unk> , showing a typically prominent lymphocytic infiltrate in the fibrous stroma separating the clusters of tumor cells. Image:Testis showing<unk> .Orchidectomy specimen showing<unk>  File:Positive CD117 immunohistochemistry in<unk> .The germ cell markers OCT 3/4 and CD117 (positive immunohistochemistry pictured) are useful for diagnosis. Relation to spermatocytic tumor Spermatocytic tumors are not considered a subtype of<unk>  and unlike other germ cell tumours do not arise from intratubular germ cell neoplasia.
Seminoma
Ovarian fibroma
Corpus luteum cyst
Theca lutein cyst
Endometrioid tumor
Ovarian serous cystadenoma
Leydig cell tumour
Paraovarian cyst