<unk>  <unk>  is the persistent use of drugs (including alcohol) despite substantial harm and adverse consequences.<unk> s are characterized by an array of mental/emotional, physical, and behavioral problems such as chronic guilt; an inability to reduce or stop consuming the<unk> (s) despite repeated attempts; driving while intoxicated; and physiological withdrawal symptoms. Drug classes that are involved in<unk>  include: alcohol; cannabis; phencyclidine and other hallucinogens, such as arylcyclohexylamines; inhalants; opioids; sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics; stimulants; tobacco; and other or unknown<unk> s. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (2013), also known as DSM-5, the DSM-IV diagnoses of<unk>  abuse and<unk>  dependence were merged into the category of<unk> s. The severity of<unk> s can vary widely; in the DSM-5 diagnosis of a<unk> , the severity of an individual's<unk>  is qualified as mild, moderate, or severe on the basis of how many of the 11 diagnostic criteria are met. The International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11) divides<unk> s into two categories: (1) harmful pattern of<unk>  use; and (2)<unk>  dependence. In 2017, globally 271 million people (5.5% of adults) were estimated to have used one or more illicit drugs. Of these, 35 million had a<unk> . An additional 237 million men and 46 million women have alcohol use disorder as of 2016. In 2017,<unk> s from illicit<unk> s directly resulted in 585,000 deaths. Direct deaths from drug use, other than alcohol, have increased over 60 percent from 2000 to 2015. Alcohol use resulted in an additional 3 million deaths in 2016.
Substance use disorder
Anorexia nervosa
Substance dependence
Borderline personality disorder
Cannabis use disorder
Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
Substance Abuse
Cyclothymia