The kidneys normally do not filter large molecules into the urine, so albuminuria can be an indicator of damage to the kidneys or excessive salt intake. It can also occur in patients with long-standing diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes. Recent international guidelines ( KDIGO 2012) reclassified chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on cause, glomerular filtration rate category, and albuminuria category (A1, A2, A3). Causes of albuminuria can be discriminated between by the amount of protein excreted. * The nephrotic syndrome usually results in the excretion of about 3.0 to 3.5 grams per 24 hours. * Nephritic syndrome results in far less albuminuria. * Microalbuminuria (between 30 and 300 mg/24h, mg/l of urine or μg/mg of creatinine) can be a forerunner of<unk><unk> . The term albuminuria is now preferred in Nephrology since there is not a "small albumin" (microalbuminuria) or a "big albumin" (macroalbuminuria). A1 represents normal to mildly increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (300 mg/g or > 30 mg/mmol).
symptom of Diabetic nephropathy
symptom of Gout
symptom of Avascular necrosis
symptom of Vasculitis
symptom of Type 2 diabetes
symptom of Type 1 diabetes
symptom of Chronic kidney disease
symptom of Scleritis