Herpes infection<unk> V infection causes several distinct medical disorders. Common infection of the skin or mucosa may affect the face and mouth (orofacial herpes), genitalia (genital herpes), or hands (herpetic whitlow). More serious disorders occur when the virus infects and damages the eye (herpes keratitis), or invades the central nervous system, damaging the brain (herpes encephalitis). People with immature or suppressed immune systems, such as newborns, transplant recipients, or people with AIDS, are prone to severe complications from<unk> V infections.<unk> V infection has also been associated with cognitive deficits of bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease, although this is often dependent on the genetics of the infected person. In all cases,<unk> V is never removed from the body by the immune system. Following a primary infection, the virus enters the nerves at the site of primary infection, migrates to the cell body of the neuron, and becomes latent in the ganglion. As a result of primary infection, the body produces antibodies to the particular type of<unk> V involved, preventing a subsequent infection of that type at a different site. In<unk> V-1-infected individuals, seroconversion after an oral infection prevents additional<unk> V-1 infections such as whitlow, genital herpes, and herpes of the eye. Prior<unk> V-1 seroconversion seems to reduce the symptoms of a later<unk> V-2 infection, although<unk> V-2 can still be contracted. Many people infected with<unk> V-2 display no physical symptoms—individuals with no symptoms are described as asymptomatic or as having subclinical herpes. However, infection with herpes can be fatal. Condition Description Illustration Herpetic gingivostomatitis Herpetic gingivostomatitis is often the initial presentation during the first herpes infection. It is of greater severity than herpes labialis, which is often the subsequent presentations. 150px Herpes labialis Commonly referred to as cold sores or fever blisters, herpes labialis is the most common presentation of recurrent<unk> V-1 infection following reemergence of the virus from the trigeminal nerve. 150px Herpes genitalis When symptomatic, the typical manifestation of a primary<unk> V-1 or<unk> V-2 genital infection is clusters of inflamed papules and vesicles on the outer surface of the genitals resembling cold sores. 150px Herpetic whitlow and herpes gladiatorum Herpes whitlow is a painful infection that typically affects the fingers or thumbs. On occasion, infection occurs on the toes or on the nail cuticle. Individuals who participate in contact sports such as wrestling, rugby, and football (soccer), sometimes acquire a condition caused by<unk> V-1 known as herpes gladiatorum, scrumpox, wrestler's herpes, or mat herpes, which presents as skin ulceration on the face, ears, and neck. Symptoms include fever, headache, sore throat, and swollen glands. It occasionally affects the eyes or eyelids. 150px Herpesviral encephalitis and herpesviral meningitis<unk>  encephalitis <unk> E) is a rare life-threatening condition that is thought to be caused by the transmission of<unk> V-1 either from the nasal cavity to the brain's temporal lobe or from a peripheral site on the face, along the trigeminal nerve axon, to the brainstem. Despite its low incidence,<unk> E is the most common sporadic fatal encephalitis worldwide.<unk> V-2 is the most common cause of Mollaret's meningitis, a type of recurrent viral meningitis. 150px Herpes esophagitis Symptoms may include painful swallowing (odynophagia) and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). It is often associated with impaired immune function (e.g. HIV/AIDS, immunosuppression in solid organ transplants). 150px Other Neonatal<unk>  is a<unk> V infection in an infant. It is a rare but serious condition, usually caused by vertical transmission of<unk> V-1 or -2 from mother to newborn. During immunodeficiency,<unk>  can cause unusual lesions in the skin. One of the most striking is the appearance of clean linear erosions in skin creases, with the appearance of a knife cut. Herpetic sycosis is a recurrent or initial<unk>  infection affecting primarily the hair follicles. Eczema herpeticum is an infection with herpesvirus in patients with chronic atopic dermatitis may result in spread of<unk>  throughout the eczematous areas. Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, a primary infection, typically presents as swelling of the conjunctiva and eyelids (blepharoconjunctivitis), accompanied by small white itchy lesions on the surface of the cornea. Herpetic sycosis is a recurrent or initial<unk>  infection affecting primarily the hair follicle. Bell's palsy Although the exact cause of Bell's palsy—a type of facial paralysis—is unknown, it may be related to reactivation of<unk> V-1. This theory has been contested, however, since<unk> V is detected in large numbers of individuals having never experienced facial paralysis, and higher levels of antibodies for<unk> V are not found in<unk> V-infected individuals with Bell's palsy compared to those without. Antivirals may improve the condition slightly when used together with corticosteroids in those with severe disease. Alzheimer's disease<unk> V-1 has been proposed as a possible cause of Alzheimer's disease. In the presence of a certain gene variation (APOE-epsilon4 allele carriers),<unk> V-1 appears to be particularly damaging to the nervous system and increases one's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The virus interacts with the components and receptors of lipoproteins, which may lead to its development.
Herpes simplex
Shingles
Lentigo simplex
Molluscum contagiosum
Herpes labialis
Herpes gladiatorum
Smallpox
Cowpox