The primary recommendation for the prevention of<unk>  is gradual ascent. The suggested rate of ascent is the same that applies to the prevention of acute mountain sickness and<unk><unk>  cerebral<unk> . The Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) recommends that, above , climbers * not increase the sleeping elevation by more than a day, and * include a rest day every 3–4 days (i.e., no additional ascent). In the event that adherence to these recommendations is limited by terrain or logistical factors, the WMS recommends rest days either before or after days with large gains. Overall, WMS recommends that the average ascent rate of the entire trip be less than per day. The most studied and preferred medication for prevention of<unk>  is nifedipine, a pulmonary vasodilator which prevents the<unk>  induced pulmonary hypertension. The recommendation for its use is strongest for individuals with a history of<unk> . According to published data, treatment is most effective if given one day prior to ascent and continued for four to five days, or until descent below 2,500 meters (8,200 ft). Additional medications that are being considered for prevention but require further research to determine efficacy and treatment guidelines include acetazolamide, salmeterol, tadalafil (and other PDE5 inhibitors), and dexamethasone. Acetazolamide has proven to be clinically effective, but formal studies are lacking. Salmeterol is considered an adjunctive therapy to nifedipine, though only in<unk> ly susceptible climbers with clearly demonstrated recurrence of<unk> . Tadalafil was found to be effective at preventing<unk>  in<unk> -s individuals during rapid ascent, but optimal dosing and frequency has yet to be established. Use of dexamethasone is currently indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acute mountain sickness, as well as<unk><unk>  cerebral<unk> . It has also been found to prevent<unk> , but its routine use is not yet recommended. Notably, each of these medications acts to block hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, lending evidence to the proposed pathophysiology of<unk>  outlined above. It is recommended that those who go to<unk><unk>  avoid alcohol or sleeping medications.
High-altitude pulmonary edema
High-altitude cerebral edema
Decompression sickness
Chronic mountain sickness
Monofixation syndrome
Athletic heart syndrome
Pulmonary-renal syndrome
Cardiorenal syndrome