The most common causes of<unk> ness is laryngitis (acute 42.1%; chronic 9.7%) and functional dysphonia (30%).<unk> ness can also be caused by laryngeal tumours (benign 10.7 - 31%; malignant 2.2 - 3.0%). Causes that are overall less common include neurogenic conditions (2.8 - 8.0%), psychogenic conditions (2.0 - 2.2%), and aging (2%). A variety of different causes, which result in abnormal vibrations of the vocal folds, can cause dysphonia. These causes can range from vocal abuse and misuse to systemic diseases. Causes of dysphonia can be divided into five basic categories, although overlap may occur between categories. (Note that this list is not exhaustive): Employment It has been suggested that certain occupational groups may be at increased risk of developing dysphonia due to the excessive or intense vocal demands of their work. Research on this topic has primarily focused on teachers and singers, although some studies have examined other groups of heavy<unk>  users (e.g. actors, cheerleaders, aerobic instructors, etc.). At present, it is known that teachers and singers are likely to report dysphonia. Moreover, physical education teachers, teachers in noisy environments, and those who habitually use a loud speaking<unk>  are at increased risk. However, the exact prevalence rates for occupational<unk>  users are unclear, as individual studies have varied widely in the methodologies used to obtain data (e.g. employing different operational definitions for "singer").
Hoarse voice
Stuttering
Nasal voice
Stilted speech
Hypernasal speech
Kussmaul breathing
Night Sweats
Speech delay