<unk>  is often a complication of other diseases that cause inflammation of the pleura. These include infections such as an empyema or tuberculosis, or bleeding within the pleural space known as a haemothorax. Exposure to certain substances, such as asbestos, can cause generalised fibrosis of the lungs, which may involve the pleura and lead to<unk> . Less common causes of<unk>  include collagen vascular diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, and rheumatoid arthritis; kidney failure leading to uraemia; and side effects of certain medications. The medications most commonly associated with pleural fibrosis are the ergot alkaloids bromocriptine, pergolide, and methysergide.<unk>  may also occur without a clear underlying cause, in which case it is known as idiopathic<unk> . A technique called pleurodesis can be used to intentionally create scar tissue within the pleural space, usually as a treatment for repeated episodes of a punctured lung, known as a pneumothorax, or for pleural effusions caused by cancer. While this procedure usually generates only limited scar tissue, in rare cases a<unk>  can develop.
Fibrothorax
Hydrothorax
Urinothorax
Pleurisy
Chylothorax
Hemothorax
Pleural empyema
Pneumothorax