Echocardiographic image of a moderate<unk>  in the mid-muscular part of the septum. The trace in the lower left shows the flow during one complete cardiac cycle and the red mark the time in the cardiac cycle that the image was captured. Colours are used to represent the velocity of the blood. Flow is from the left ventricle (right on image) to the right ventricle (left on image). The size and position is typical for a<unk>  in the newborn period. A<unk>  can be<unk> ed by cardiac auscultation. Classically, a<unk>  causes a pathognomonic holo- or pansystolic murmur. Auscultation is generally considered sufficient for<unk> ing a significant<unk> . The murmur depends on the abnormal flow of blood from the left ventricle, through the<unk> , to the right ventricle. If there is not much difference in pressure between the left and right ventricles, then the flow of blood through the<unk>  will not be very great and the<unk>  may be silent. This situation occurs a) in the fetus (when the right and left ventricular pressures are essentially equal), b) for a short time after birth (before the right ventricular pressure has decreased), and c) as a late complication of unrepaired<unk> . Confirmation of cardiac auscultation can be obtained by non-invasive cardiac ultrasound (echocardiography). To more accurately measure ventricular pressures, cardiac catheterization, can be performed. Classification Although there are several classifications for<unk> , the most accepted and unified classification is that of Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project. The classification is based on the location of the<unk>  on the right ventricular surface of the inter ventricular septum and is as follows: Multiple Type 1 Type 1 is sub aortic Type 2 * Type 2 also known as perimembranous, paramembranous, conoventricular, membranous<unk><unk> , and subaortic. * Most common variety found in 70% Type 3 Type 3 also known as inlet (or AV canal type). * Commonly associated with atrioventricular<unk><unk> , found in about 5% Type 4 Type 4 also known as muscular (trabecular) * Located in the muscular septum, found in 20%. Can be sub classified again based on the location into anterior, apical, posterior and mid Type: Gerbode Type: Gerbode also known as left ventricular to right atrial communication * Due to absence of Atrioventricular septum. Image:Heart_right_vsd.Heart anatomic view of right ventricle and right atrium with example<unk> s Image:Ventricular<unk><unk> -en.Ventricular<unk><unk>  Image:VSD image.Figure A shows the structure and blood flow in the interior of a normal heart. Figure B shows two common locations for a<unk> . The<unk>  allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right ventricle.
Ventricular septal defect
Heart septal defect
Atrioventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Aortopulmonary septal defect
Tricuspid atresia
Double aortic arch
Double inlet left ventricle