A<unk> , or open<unk><unk> , is a<unk><unk>  in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached.<unk><unk>  can be caused by high-velocity projectiles or objects of lower velocity such as knives, or bone fragments from a skull fracture that are driven into the brain.<unk> <unk> es caused by<unk>  trauma are serious medical emergencies and may cause permanent disability or death. A<unk>  involves "a wound in which an object breaches the cranium but does not exit it." In contrast, a perforating<unk><unk>  is a wound in which the object passes through the<unk>  and leaves an exit wound.
Penetrating head injury
Closed-head injury
Traumatic brain injury
Acquired brain injury
Cerebral contusion
Traumatic asphyxia
Polytrauma
Pediatric concussion