The medical management of CCB<unk>  may be difficult. It may not improve with the usual treatments used for a low blood pressure and a slow heart rate. In those who have no symptoms or signs six hours following taking an immediate release formulation and 24 hours after taking an extended release formulation need no further medical treatment. Detoxification Activated charcoal is recommended if it can be given within an hour or two of taking the<unk><unk>  blockers. In those who have taken an extended release formulation of a CCB but are otherwise doing fine, whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol may be useful. Causing vomiting by the use of medications such as ipecac is not recommended. Insulin High doses of intravenous insulin with glucose may be useful and are a first line treatment in overdoses. As this treatment may cause a drop in blood sugar and blood potassium levels, these should be monitored closely. Other Intravenous<unk>  gluconate or<unk>  chloride is considered a specific antidotes. Slow heart rate can be treated with atropine and sympathomimetics. Low blood pressure is treated with vasopressors such as adrenaline. There is tentative clinical evidence and good theoretical evidence of the benefit of lipid emulsion in severe overdoses of CCBs. Methylene blue may also be used for those with low blood pressure that does not respond to other treatments.
Calcium channel blocker toxicity
Beta blocker
Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy
Electrolyte exclusion effect
Digoxin toxicity
Opioid-induced endocrinopathy
Drug-induced hyperthermia
Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation