As is the case with many structures of the brain, many of the functions of the<unk>  have yet to be confirmed and remain as suggestions. Influences on the cardiovascular system The<unk>  regulate the amount of blood supplied to the ventral pallidum and other surrounding areas by adjusting the degree of dilation of the blood vessels that pass through the<unk>  and the ventral pallidum. This vasodilation is adjusted by the action of nitric oxide. Injection of glutamate into the<unk>  results in decreases in arterial pressure and heart rate, suggesting that the<unk>  are involved to some degree in the regulation of arterial pressure and heart rate. The<unk>  also inhibit the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on the cardiovascular system by responding to changes in pressure. Influences on neurological disorders Changes in behavior due to schizophrenia have been traced back to the high level of D3 dopamine receptors within the<unk>  as well as the high concentrations of dopamine passing through them. Damage to the<unk>  due to restricted blood supply has been linked to a condition of amnesia and personality changes. Other behavioral and emotional responses occur as well due to serotonin that interacts with the<unk> . Influences on the reward pathways The<unk>  are directly connected with some of the major reward centers of the brain. By receiving dopamine inputs from the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area, the<unk>  become one of the many regions that process the rewarding feelings associated with this neurotransmitter. The interactions of the<unk>  with the amygdala aid in processing how the body remembers the feelings associated with the release of dopamine. Opioids and amphetamines take advantage of the reward pathways in that they influence greater releases of dopamine and other neurotransmitters that reinforce the feelings associated with the administration and effects of the drugs. The<unk>  become more involved with substances administered through the nose, due to the<unk> s involvement in both olfaction and the reward pathways. Others Some of the neurons within the<unk>  also act as interneurons, passing on information between other brain regions along the same pathway as the<unk> . In rodents, the<unk>  play a role in reproduction due to the neurons' estrogen-binding capacity and the structure's ability to concentrate estradiol. They also play a role in the reward pathways and processing pheromone inputs from the nose.
Islands of Calleja
Watershed area 
Zeno of Cyprus
Trigger zone
Suboccipital triangle
Pretectal area
Occipital triangle
Collateral eminence