<unk>  in neurophysiological literature refers to neuronal modulations that alter the rate at which neurons fire before a subject produces movement. Through experimentation with multiple animals, predominantly monkeys, it has been shown that several regions of the brain are particularly active and involved in initiation and preparation of movement. Two specific membrane potentials, the bereitschaftspotential, or the BP, and contingent negative variation, or the CNV, play a pivotal role in<unk> . Both have been shown to be directly involved in planning and initiating movement. Multiple factors are involved with<unk>  including motor preparation, inhibition of motor response, programming of the target of movement, closed-looped and open-looped tasks, instructed delay periods, short-lead and long-lead changes, and mirror motor neurons.
Premovement neuronal activity
Parafunctional activity
Sensorimotor rhythm
Cardiac rhythmicity
Electrodermal activity
Intermuscular coherence
Neuronal tuning
Myogenic tone