The indication for<unk>  is end-stage renal disease (ESRD), regardless of the primary cause. This is defined as a glomerular filtration rate below 15 ml/min/1.73 m2. Common diseases leading to ESRD include renovascular disease, infection, diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune conditions such as chronic glomerulonephritis and lupus; genetic causes include polycystic<unk>  disease, and a number of inborn errors of metabolism. The commonest 'cause' is idiopathic (i.e. unknown). Diabetes is the most common known cause of<unk> , accounting for approximately 25% of those in the United States. The majority of renal transplant recipients are on dialysis (peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis) at the time of transplantation. However, individuals with chronic<unk>  disease who have a living donor available may undergo pre-emptive transplantation before dialysis is needed. If a patient is put on the waiting list for a deceased donor transplant early enough, this may also occur pre-dialysis.
Kidney transplantation
Artificial kidney
Intestine transplantation
Renal replacement therapy
Islet cell transplantation
Iridodialysis
Distal splenorenal shunt procedure
Dialysis