<unk> s <unk>  are<unk> s that result from<unk>  brain injury (TBI), brain damage caused by physical trauma.<unk>  may be a risk factor for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), but a person who has a<unk>  or<unk> s due to<unk>  brain injury does not necessarily have PTE, which is a form of epilepsy, a chronic condition in which<unk> s occur repeatedly. However, "PTS" and "PTE" may be used interchangeably in medical literature.<unk> s are usually an indication of a more severe TBI.<unk> s that occur shortly after a person suffers a brain injury may further damage the already vulnerable brain. They may reduce the amount of oxygen available to the brain, cause excitatory neurotransmitters to be released in excess, increase the brain's metabolic need, and raise the pressure within the intracranial space, further contributing to damage. Thus, people who suffer severe head trauma are given anticonvulsant medications as a precaution against<unk> s. Around 5–7% of people hospitalized with TBI have at least one<unk> .<unk>  are more likely to occur in more severe injuries, and certain types of injuries increase the risk further. The risk that a person will suffer<unk>  becomes progressively lower as time passes after the injury. However, TBI survivors may still be at risk over 15 years after the injury. Children and older adults are at a higher risk for<unk> .
Post-traumatic seizure
Musicogenic seizure
Reflex seizure
Post-traumatic epilepsy
Febrile seizure
Non-epileptic seizure
Musicogenic epilepsy
Transient ischemic attack