<unk>  is a serious condition related to<unk>  inflammation, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. It is a subset of cytokine storm, in which there is abnormal regulation of various cytokines.<unk>  is also closely related to sepsis, in which patients satisfy criteria for<unk>  and have a suspected or proven infection. Many experts consider the current criteria for a<unk>  diagnosis to be overly sensitive, as nearly all (>90%) of patients admitted to the ICU meet the<unk>  criteria. Adult Manifestations of<unk>  include, but are not limited to: * Body temperature less than 36 °C (96.8 °F) or greater than 38 °C (100.4 °F) * Heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute * Tachypnea (high respiratory rate), with greater than 20 breaths per minute; or, an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide less than 4.3 kPa (32 mmHg) * White blood cell count less than 4000 cells/mm³ (4 x 109 cells/L) or greater than 12,000 cells/mm³ (12 x 109 cells/L); or the presence of greater than 10% immature neutrophils (band forms). Band forms greater than 3% is called bandemia or a "left-shift." When two or more of these criteria are met with or without evidence of infection, patients may be diagnosed with "SIRS." Patients with<unk>  and acute organ dysfunction may be termed "severe<unk> ." Note: Fever and an increased white blood cell count are features of the acute-phase reaction, while an increased heart rate is often the initial sign of hemodynamic compromise. An increased rate of breathing may be related to the increased metabolic stress due to infection and inflammation, but may also be an ominous sign of inadequate perfusion resulting in the onset of anaerobic cellular metabolism. Children The International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus has proposed some changes to adapt these criteria to the pediatric population. In children, the<unk>  criteria are modified in the following fashion: * Heart rate is greater than 2 standard deviations above normal for age in the absence of stimuli such as pain and drug administration, or unexplained persistent elevation for greater than 30 minutes to 4 hours. In infants, also includes heart rate less than 10th percentile for age in the absence of vagal stimuli, beta-blockers, or congenital heart disease or unexplained persistent depression for greater than 30 minutes. * Body temperature obtained orally, rectally, from Foley catheter probe, or from central venous catheter probe less than 36 °C or greater than 38.5 °C. * Respiratory rate greater than 2 standard deviations above normal for age or the requirement for mechanical ventilation not related to neuromuscular disease or the administration of anesthesia. * White blood cell count elevated or depressed for age not related to chemotherapy, or greater than 10% bands plus other immature forms. Temperature or white blood cell count must be abnormal to qualify as<unk>  in pediatric patients.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SAHA syndrome
Macrophage activation syndrome
Cytokine release syndrome
MOMO syndrome
SUNCT syndrome
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Hopkins syndrome