<unk>  is a commonly used technique, either on its own or in combination with sedation or general anaesthesia. It is most commonly used for surgeries below the umbilicus, however recently its uses have extended to some surgeries above the umbilicus as well as for postoperative analgesia. Procedures which use<unk>  include: * Orthopaedic surgery on the pelvis, hip, femur, knee, tibia, and ankle, including arthroplasty and joint replacement * Vascular surgery on the legs * Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair * Hernia (inguinal or epigastric) * Haemorrhoidectomy * Nephrectomy and cystectomy in combination with general anaesthesia * Transurethral resection of the prostate and transurethral resection of bladder tumours * Hysterectomy in different techniques used * Caesarean sections * Pain management during vaginal birth and delivery * Urology cases * Examinations under anaesthesia<unk>  is the technique of choice for Caesarean section as it avoids a general anaesthetic and the risk of failed intubation (which is probably a lot lower than the widely quoted 1 in 250 in pregnant women). It also means the mother is conscious and the partner is able to be present at the birth of the child. The post operative analgesia from intrathecal opioids in addition to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is also good.<unk>  is a favorable alternative, when the surgical site is amenable to<unk>  blockade, for patients with severe respiratory disease such as COPD as it avoids potential respiratory consequences of intubation and ventilation. It may also be useful, when the surgical site is amenable to<unk>  blockade, in patients where anatomical abnormalities may make tracheal intubation very difficult. In pediatric patients,<unk>  is particularly useful in children with difficult airways and those who are poor candidates for endotracheal anesthesia such as increased respiratory risks or presence of full stomach. This can also be used to effectively treat and prevent pain following surgery, particularly thoracic, abdominal pelvic, and lower extremity orthopedic procedures.
Spinal anaesthesia
Neurosurgical anesthesia
Local anesthesia
General anaesthesia
Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia
Anesthesia
Sedoanalgesia
Neuraxial blockade