<unk> , also known as MSO<unk> , was developed as a technique to map epigenetic<unk>  changes in DNA of cancer cells. The general process starts with modification of DNA with bisulfite,<unk> ally to convert unmethylated cytosine in CpG sites to uracil, while leaving methylated cytosines untouched. The modified DNA region of interest is amplified via PCR and during the process, uracils are converted to thymine. The amplicons are labelled with a fluorescent dye and hybridized to<unk>  probes that are fixed to a glass slide. The probes differentially bind to cytosine and thymine residues, which ultimately allows discrimination between methylated and unmethylated CpG sites, respectively. A calibration curve is produced and compared with the<unk>  results of the amplified DNA samples. This allows a general quantification of the proportion of<unk>  present in the region of interest. This<unk>  technique was developed by Tim Hui-Ming Huang and his laboratory and was officially published in 2002. An example diagram of a MSO<unk>  that would be used to produce a calibration curve
Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray
DNA profiling
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Gamma probe
Molecular pathology
Molecular genetics
Chromatin immunoprecipitation
Pencil-beam scanning