<unk>  or<unk>  (), is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding. This results in people bleeding for a longer time after an injury, easy bruising, and an increased risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain. Those with a mild case of the disease may have symptoms only after an accident or during surgery. Bleeding into a joint can result in permanent damage while bleeding in the brain can result in long term headaches, seizures, or a decreased level of consciousness. There are two main types of<unk> :<unk>  A, which occurs due to low amounts of clotting factor VIII, and<unk>  B, which occurs due to low levels of clotting factor IX. They are typically inherited from one's parents through an X chromosome carrying a nonfunctional gene. Rarely a new mutation may occur during early development or<unk>  may develop later in life due to antibodies forming against a clotting factor. Other types include<unk>  C, which occurs due to low levels of factor XI, and parahaemophilia, which occurs due to low levels of factor V. Acquired<unk>  is associated with cancers, autoimmune disorders, and pregnancy. Diagnosis is by testing the blood for its ability to clot and its levels of clotting factors. Prevention may occur by removing an egg, fertilizing it, and testing the embryo before transferring it to the uterus, which is connected with ethical problems. Human embryos in research can be regarded as the technical object/process. This approach is inspiring technology synthetic embryology, artificial embryos. The destruction of embryos may be regarded as the violation of ethics embryonic human persons, which call for protection and rights. This also extends to the practices of embryos treatment in IVF. Missing blood clotting factors are replaced to treat<unk> . This may be done on a regular basis or during bleeding episodes. Replacement may take place at home or in hospital. The clotting factors are made either from human blood or by recombinant methods. Up to 20% of people develop antibodies to the clotting factors which makes treatment more difficult. The medication desmopressin may be used in those with mild<unk>  A. Studies of gene therapy are in early human trials.<unk>  A affects about 1 in 5,000–10,000, while<unk>  B affects about 1 in 40,000, males at birth. As<unk>  A and B are both X-linked recessive disorders, females are rarely severely affected. Some females with a nonfunctional gene on one of the X chromosomes may be mildly symptomatic.<unk>  C occurs equally in both sexes and is mostly found in Ashkenazi Jews. In the 1800s<unk>  B was common within the royal families of Europe. The difference between<unk>  A and B was determined in 1952.
Haemophilia
Pedophilia
Acquired haemophilia
Exophilia
Dysfibrinogenemia
Von Willebrand disease
Harris platelet syndrome
Quebec platelet disorder