Symptoms of parasite infection by raw fish: Clonorchis sinensis (a trematode/fluke), Anisakis (a nematode/roundworm) and Diphyllobothrium a (cestode/tapeworm), all have gastrointestinal, but otherwise distinct, symptoms. Most infections (~80%) are asymptomatic. Infections may be long-lasting, persisting for many years or decades (up to 25 years) if untreated. Symptoms (when present) are generally mild. Manifestations may include: abdominal pain and discomfort, diarrhoea, vomiting, constipation, weight loss, and fatigue. Additional symptoms have been reported/described, including: dyspepsia, abdominal distension (commonly as presenting complaint), headache, myalgia, and dizziness. Complications While the infection is generally mild, complications may occur. Complications are predicated on parasite burden, and are generally related to vitamin B12 deficiency and related health conditions. Vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia Vitamin B12 deficiency with subsequent megaloblastic anaemia (which is indistinguishable from pernicious anaemia) may occur in some instances of the disease. Anaemia may in turn result in subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord and cognitive decline. D. latum competes with the host for vitamin B12 absorption, absorbing some 80% of dietary intake and causing deficiency and megaloblastic anaemia in some 40% of cases. Vitamin B12 uptake is enabled by the position of the parasite which usually lodges in the jejunum. Vitamin B12 deficiency is - according to research - conversely seldom seen in D. pacificum infection. Gastrointestinal obstructions Rarely, massive infections may result in intestinal obstruction. Migration of proglottids can cause cholecystitis or cholangitis.
Diphyllobothriasis
Otomycosis
Onychomycosis
Demodicosis
Protothecosis
Herpes labialis
Tinea faciei
Geotrichosis