Bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) should not be routinely used in any type of<unk><unk>  spine fusion, such as with<unk> . There are reports of this therapy causing swelling of soft tissue which in turn can cause life-threatening complications due to difficulty swallowing and pressure on the respiratory tract.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Microsurgical lumbar laminoplasty
Intervertebral disc arthroplasty
Intervertebral disc annuloplasty
Interbody fusion cage
Instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion
Occipital cryoneurolysis
Condylar decompression