A<unk>  is an artificial short chain of amino acids copied from a fully functional natural antibody.<unk> es can stop viruses such as HIV from infecting cells in vitro. Antibodies are produced naturally by the body and play a key role in fighting infections caused by bacteria and viruses. They can also be used to treat infections by use of injections with blood plasma that contain large amounts of them. The use of whole, natural antibodies as medicines presents many problems: they can only be produced by live cells and this process is difficult to control on an industrial scale, they are large molecules and following administration by injection, they do not diffuse easily from the blood to the tissues and other sites of infections where they are needed. The use of<unk> es potentially solves these problems. They can be chemically synthesized and their small size allows them to leave the blood circulation quickly and reach the sites of infections in the tissues. They are also poorly immunogenic and do not stimulate an immune response in the host. Production problems remain, but<unk> es have the potential to become an important weapon in the arsenal used to treat infections and other diseases.
Microantibody
Antibody
Heterophile antibody
Isoantibodies
Autoantibody
Immune complex
Antigen
Donor-specific antibody