A<unk>  is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Various types of<unk> s can occur, most commonly involving the abdomen, and specifically the groin. Groin<unk> s are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral. Other types of<unk> s include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical<unk> s. Symptoms are present in about 66% of people with groin<unk> s. This may include pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, especially with coughing, exercise, or urinating or defecating. Often, it gets worse throughout the day and improves when lying down. A bulge may appear at the site of<unk> , that becomes larger when bending down. Groin<unk> s occur more often on the right than left side. The main concern is bowel strangulation, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked. This usually produces severe pain and tenderness in the area. Hiatus, or hiatal<unk> s often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain while eating. Risk factors for the development of a<unk>  include smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease and previous open appendectomy, among others. Predisposition to<unk> s is genetic and occur more often in certain families. Deleterious mutations causing predisposition to<unk> s seem to have dominant inheritance (especially for men). It is unclear if groin<unk> s are associated with heavy lifting.<unk> s can often be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms. Occasionally, medical imaging is used to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other possible causes. The diagnosis of hiatus<unk> s is often by endoscopy. Groin<unk> s that do not cause symptoms in males do not need to be repaired. Repair, however, is generally recommended in women due to the higher rate of femoral<unk> s, which have more complications. If strangulation occurs, immediate surgery is required. Repair may be done by open surgery or laparoscopic surgery. Open surgery has the benefit of possibly being done under local anesthesia rather than general anesthesia. Laparoscopic surgery generally has less pain following the procedure. A hiatus<unk>  may be treated with lifestyle changes such as raising the head of the bed, weight loss and adjusting eating habits. The medications H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors may help. If the symptoms do not improve with medications, a surgery known as laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication may be an option. About 27% of males and 3% of females develop a groin<unk>  at some point in their lives. Inguinal, femoral and abdominal<unk> s were present in 18.5 million people and resulted in 59,800 deaths in 2015. Groin<unk> s occur most often before the age of 1 and after the age of 50. It is not known how commonly hiatus<unk> s occur, with estimates in North America varying from 10% to 80%. The first known description of a<unk>  dates back to at least 1550 BC, in the Ebers Papyrus from Egypt.
Hernia
Bartholin's cyst
Abscess
Hip fracture
Adhesion 
Baby colic
Volvulus
Venous leak