<unk>  is not a medical condition itself (i.e., it is benign), but it is a useful medical sign. Usually<unk>  is due to drugs and toxic agents, sometimes it is due to diet or genetics, and rarely it is due to an underlying medical condition. When one of these causal medical conditions is present,<unk>  is a common sign. Medication The majority of drugs that contribute to<unk>  are uricosurics (drugs that increase the excretion of uric acid from the blood into the urine). Others include drugs that reduce the production of uric acid: xanthine oxidase inhibitors, urate oxidase (rasburicase), and sevelamer. Diet<unk>  is common in vegetarians due to the low purine content of most vegetarian diets. Vegetarian diet has been found to result in mean serum uric acid values as low as 239 μ mol/L (2.7 mg/dL). While a vegetarian diet is typically seen as beneficial with respect to conditions such as gout, care should be taken to avoid associated health conditions. Transient<unk>  sometimes is produced by total parenteral nutrition. Paradoxically, total parenteral nutrition may produce<unk>  followed shortly by acute gout, a condition normally associated with hyperuricemia. The reasons for this are unclear. Genetics Genetic mutations known to cause<unk>  are of two kinds: mutations causing xanthine oxidase deficiency, which reduces the production of uric acid; and mutations causing abnormal kidney function that increases the excretion of uric acid. Collectively known as familial renal<unk> , these latter mutations are of two types, involving defects of presecretory and postsecretory reabsorption. A genetic mutation in Dalmatian dogs causes<unk>  due to a kidney defect that interferes with reabsorption of uric acid. A similar mutation has been reported in a human brother and sister. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in the gene URAT1 are associated with presecretory reabsorption defects. Medical conditions Medical conditions that can cause<unk>  include: * Fanconi syndrome * Hyperthyroidism * Multiple sclerosis * Myeloma * Nephritis * Wilson's disease * Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency
Hypouricemia
Hyperaemia
Hyperammonemia
Algaemia
Alkalosis
Lactic acidosis
Hypermethioninemia
Hypervalinemia