There is no known single cause or causes of<unk> , however, it is a heritable disorder. Several environmental factors, including perinatal complications and prenatal maternal infections could may contribute the to etiology of<unk> . Prenatal rubella or influenza infections are associated with<unk> -onset<unk> . Severity or frequency of prenatal infections may also contribute to earlier onset of symptoms by means of congenital brain malformations, reduction or impairment of cognitive function, and psychological disorders. It is believed that prenatal exposure to rubella modifies the developmental course during<unk> , increasing the risk for<unk> . Genetic predisposition is an important factor as well; familial mental illness is more frequently reported for<unk> -onset<unk>  patients. While it is hard to detect, there are relatives who are more-likely to be diagnosed with<unk>  if they are children of individuals who have this disorder. "First degree relatives" are found to have the highest chance of being diagnosed with<unk> . Children of individuals with<unk>  have a 8.2% chance of having<unk>  while the general population is at an 0.86% chance of having this disorder. These results indicate that genes play a big role in one developing<unk> . Genetic There is "considerable overlap" in the genetics of<unk> -onset and adult-onset<unk> , but in<unk> -onset<unk>  there is a higher number of "rare allelic variants". There have been several genes indicated in children diagnosed with<unk>  that include: neuregulin, dysbindin, D-amino acid oxidase, proline dehydrogenase, catechol-Omethyltransferase, and regulator of G protein signaling. There have also been findings of 5HT2A and dopamine D3 receptor. An important gene for adolescent-onset<unk>  is the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene, a gene that regulates dopamine. Children with<unk>  have an increase in genetic deletions or duplication mutations and some have a specific mutation called 22q11 deletion syndrome, which accounts for up to 2% of cases. Neuroanatomical Neuroimaging studies have found differences between the medicated brains of individuals with<unk>  and neurotypical brains, though research does not know the cause of the difference. In<unk> -onset<unk> , there appears to be a more rapid loss of cerebral grey matter during adolescence. Studies have reported that adverse<unk>  experiences (ACEs) are the most preventable cause of the development of psychiatric disorders such as<unk> . ACEs have the potential to impact on the structure and function of the brain; structural changes revealed have been related to stress. Findings also report that different areas of the brain are affected by different types of maltreatment.
Childhood schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder in children
Autism spectrum
Multiple complex developmental disorder
Tardive dysmentia
Asperger syndrome
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified