Treatment may be carried out by a range of professionals (i.e. speech-language pathologists/therapists, rehabilitation specialists, or others with training in this area). Treatments may include direct work on the nerves and muscles involved (see below, organised by affected component of speech); counselling; partner training (i.e. to improve their ability to understand the affected person, or implement exercises); or, training aimed at helping the person themselves compensate for their condition (i.e. using gestures to supplement a message; using a device to talk; advocating for others to wait while they get their message across). Note that treatment should be planned and supervised by a trained professional, and tailored to the individual's specific profile. Phonation and prosody: Behavioural treatments may include turning one's head to the affected side during speech or lateralizing the thyroid cartilage; making an effortful closure of the vocal folds or an abrupt glottal attack; or, producing intense high-level phonation. Medical treatments may include surgery such as medialization laryngoplasty; arytenoid adduction; or, fat/collagen injections. Prosthetic approaches may include artificial larynges; or abdominal binders/corsets (to provide best posture for speech, and support stronger exhalation, if affected muscles include those controlling breathing). Resonance: Behavioural treatments may include use of CPAP machines, supine positioning (lying down, to help train velum closure), or reducing pressure during held consonants (i.e. 's' or 'z' sounds). Again, some medical or prosthetic approaches may be utilised, including palatal lifts, or pharyngeal flap procedures. Articulation: Behavioural treatments may include various speech sound strengthening or accuracy re-training exercises.
Flaccid dysarthria
Global aphasia
Dysarthria
Hypophonia
Anomic aphasia
Hypotonia
Expressive aphasia
Myopathic gait