Class II Div I :Benefits associated with orthodontic treatment include a reduction in the susceptibility to caries, periodontal disease and temporomandibular joint dysfunction, whilst also improving speech and masticatory function. However, the supporting evidence is equivocal. :It may be assumed that correction of an increased<unk>  will potentially reduce the risk of trauma, as it has been shown that individuals with an<unk>  greater than are twice as likely to suffer injury to their upper incisors. :Table showing the relationship between size of<unk>  and prevalence of traumatised anterior teeth :<unk>  (mm) Incidence (%) 5 22 9 24 >9 44 :The meta-analysis undertaken in a recent Cochrane review found that 'early orthodontic treatment for children with prominent upper front teeth is more effective in reducing the incidence of incisal trauma than providing one course of orthodontic treatment when the child is in early adolescence'. A number of studies have found that the presence of malocclusion can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life and result in reduced self-esteem. Prominent upper incisors may be a target for teasing and bullying and it is now accepted that one reason for undertaking treatment of malocclusion is the psychosocial benefit that it accrues.
Overjet
Isochronic tones
Skull bossing
Triangular face
Stunt 
Dichotic pitch
Calcaneal pitch
Oak wilt