* Baseline color and black and white red-free filtered images are taken prior to injection. The black and white images are filtered red-free (a green filter) to increase contrast and often gives a better image of the fundus than the color image. * A 6-second bolus injection of 2-5 cc of sodium<unk>  into a vein in the arm or hand * A series of black-and-white or digital photographs are taken of the retina before and after the<unk>  reaches the retinal circulation (approximately 10 seconds after injection). The early images allow for the recognition of autofluorescence of the retinal tissues. Photos are taken approximately once every second for about 20 seconds, then less often. A delayed image is obtained at 5 and 10 minutes. Some doctors like to see a 15-minute image as well. * A filter is placed in the camera so only the<unk> t, yellow-green light (530 nm) is recorded. The camera may however pick up signals from pseudofluorescence or autofluorescence. In pseudofluorescence, non-fluorescent light is imaged. This occurs when blue light reflected from the retina passes through the filter. This is generally a problem with older filters, and annual replacement of these filters is recommended. In autofluorescence,<unk> ce from the eye occurs without injection of the dye. This may be seen with optic nerve head drusen, astrocytic hamartoma, or calcific scarring. * Black-and-white photos give better contrast than color photos, which aren't necessary because the filter transmits only one color of light.
Fluorescein angiography
Laser speckle contrast imaging
Doppler optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography angiography
OCT Biomicroscopy
Speckle variance optical coherence tomography
Retinal birefringence scanning
Laser Doppler imaging