<unk>  can be detected using subjective tests such as the Maddox rod test, the Bagolini striated lens test, the phase difference haploscope of Aulhorn, or the Lancaster red-green test (LRGT). Among these, the LRGT is the most complete.<unk>  can also be diagnosed using a combination of subjective and objective tests. Before surgery, both subjective and objective torsion should be assessed. Experiments have also been made on whether cyclic deviations can be assessed by purely photographic means.
Cyclotropia
Exotropia
Esotropia
Ocular dysmetria
Quadrantanopia
Heterotopia 
Pseudomyopia
Presbyopia