Surgery The primary intervention in<unk>  is emergency embolectomy using a Fogarty Catheter, providing the<unk>  is still viable within the 4-6h timeframe. Other options include a vascular bypass to route blood flow around the clot. Angiograph before and after thrombolytic treatment of<unk> . Medications Those unsuitable for surgery may receive thrombolytics. In the past, streptokinase was the main thrombolytic chemical. More recently, drugs such as tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, and anisterplase have been used in their place. Mechanical methods of injecting the thrombolytic compounds have improved with the introduction of pulsed spray catheters—which allow for a greater opportunity for patients to avoid surgery. Pharmacological thrombolysis requires a catheter to be inserted into the affected area, attached to the catheter is often a wire with holes to allow for a wider dispersal area of the thrombolytic agent. These agents lyse the<unk> -causing thrombus quickly and effectively. However, the efficacy of thrombolytic treatment is limited by hemorrhagic complications. Plasma fibrinogen level has been proposed as a predictor of these hemorrhagic complications. However, based on a systematic review of the available literature until January 2016, the predictive value of plasma is unproven. Mechanical thrombolysis Another type of thrombolysis disrupts the clot mechanically using either saline jets or, more recently, ultrasound waves. Saline jets dislodge the clot using the Bernoulli effect. Ultrasound waves, emitted at low frequency, create a physical fragmentation of the thrombus. Considerations in treatment The best course of treatment varies from case to case. The physician must take into account the details in the case before deciding on the appropriate treatment. No treatment is effective for every patient. Treatment depends on many factors, including: * Location of lesions * Anatomy of lesions * Individual risk factors * Procedural risk * Clinical presentation of symptoms * Duration of symptoms * etc.
Acute limb ischaemia
Raynaud syndrome
Superficial vein thrombosis
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Diabetic sock
Diabetic foot ulcer
Diabetic foot
Chronic venous insufficiency