ICD-10 The World Health Organization's ICD-10 lists<unk>  under (). It is a requirement of ICD-10 that a diagnosis of any specific personality disorder also satisfies a set of general personality disorder criteria. It is also pointed out that for different cultures it may be necessary to develop specific sets of criteria with regard to social norms, rules and other obligations. PPD is characterized by at least three of the following symptoms: # excessive sensitivity to setbacks and rebuffs; # tendency to bear grudges persistently (i.e. refusal to forgive insults and injuries or slights); # suspiciousness and a pervasive tendency to distort experience by misconstruing the neutral or friendly actions of others as hostile or contemptuous; # a combative and tenacious sense of self-righteousness out of keeping with the actual situation; # recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding sexual fidelity of spouse or sexual partner; # tendency to experience excessive self-aggrandizing, manifest in a persistent self-referential attitude; # preoccupation with unsubstantiated "conspiratorial" explanations of events both immediate to the patient and in the world at large. Includes: expansive<unk> , fanatic, querulant and sensitive<unk> . Excludes: delusional disorder and schizophrenia. DSM-5 The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 has similar criteria for<unk> . They require in general the presence of lasting distrust and suspicion of others, interpreting their motives as malevolent, from an early adult age, occurring in a range of situations. Four of seven specific issues must be present, which include different types of suspicions or doubt (such as of being exploited, or that remarks have a subtle threatening meaning), in some cases regarding others in general or specifically friends or partners, and in some cases referring to a response of holding grudges or reacting angrily. PPD is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. To qualify for a diagnosis, the patient must meet at least four out of the following criteria: # Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them. # Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates. # Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against them. # Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events. # Persistently bears grudges (i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights). # Perceives attacks on their character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack. # Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner. The DSM-5 lists<unk>  essentially unchanged from the DSM-IV-TR version and lists associated features that describe it in a more quotidian way. These features include suspiciousness, intimacy avoidance, hostility and unusual beliefs/experiences. Other Various researchers and clinicians may propose varieties and subsets or dimensions of personality related to the official diagnoses. Psychologist Theodore Millon has proposed five subtypes of<unk>  personality: Subtype Features Obdurate<unk>  (including compulsive features) Self-assertive, unyielding, stubborn, steely, implacable, unrelenting, dyspeptic, peevish, and cranky stance; legalistic and self-righteous; discharges previously restrained hostility; renounces self-other conflict. Fanatic<unk>  (including narcissistic features) Grandiose delusions are irrational and flimsy; pretentious, expensive supercilious contempt and arrogance toward others; lost pride reestablished with extravagant claims and fantasies. Querulous<unk>  (including negativistic features) Contentious, caviling, fractious, argumentative, faultfinding, unaccommodating, resentful, choleric, jealous, peevish, sullen, endless wrangles, whiny, waspish, snappish. Insular<unk>  (including avoidant features) Reclusive, self-sequestered, hermitical; self-protectively secluded from omnipresent threats and destructive forces; hypervigilant and defensive against imagined dangers. Malignant<unk>  (including sadistic features) Belligerent, cantankerous, intimidating, vengeful, callous, and tyrannical; hostility vented primarily in fantasy; projects own venomous outlook onto others; persecutory delusions. Differential diagnosis<unk>  can involve, in response to stress, very brief psychotic episodes (lasting minutes to hours). The<unk>  may also be at greater than average risk of experiencing major depressive disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance-related disorders. Criteria for other personality disorder diagnoses are commonly also met, such as: schizoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, avoidant, borderline and negativistic personality disorder.
Paranoid personality disorder
Delusional disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Dependent personality disorder
Depressive personality disorder
Organic personality disorder
Haltlose personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder