Alopecia areata is usually diagnosed based on clinical features. Trichoscopy may aid in establishing the diagnosis. In alopecia areata, trichoscopy shows regularly distributed "yellow dots" (hyperkeratotic plugs), small exclamation-mark<unk> s, and "black dots" (destroyed<unk> s in the<unk>  follicle opening). Oftentimes, however, discrete areas of<unk> <unk>  surrounded by exclamation mark<unk> s is sufficient for clinical diagnosis of alopecia areata. Sometimes, reddening of the skin, erythema, may also be present in the balding area. A biopsy is rarely needed to make the diagnosis or aid in the management of alopecia areata. Histologic findings may include peribulbar lymphocytic infiltration resembling a "swarm of bees", a shift in the anagen-to-telogen ratio towards telogen, and dilated follicular infundibulae. Other helpful findings can include pigment incontinence in the<unk>  bulb and follicular stelae. Occasionally, in inactive alopecia areata, no inflammatory infiltrates are found. Classification Commonly, alopecia areata involves<unk> <unk>  in one or more round spots on the scalp. *<unk>  may also be lost more diffusely over the whole scalp, in which case the condition is called diffuse alopecia areata. * Alopecia areata monolocularis describes baldness in only one spot. It may occur anywhere on the head. * Alopecia areata multilocularis refers to multiple areas of<unk> <unk> . * Ophiasis refers to<unk> <unk>  in the shape of a wave at the circumference of the head. * The disease may be limited only to the beard, in which case it is called alopecia areata barbae. * If the person loses all the<unk>  on the scalp, the disease is then called alopecia areata totalis. * If all body<unk> , including pubic<unk> , is lost, the diagnosis then becomes alopecia areata universalis. Alopecia areata totalis and universalis are rare.
medication of Hair loss
treatment of Body image disturbance
treatment of Opioid use disorder
medication of Peptic ulcer disease
medication of Gastroesophageal reflux disease
medication of Gastrointestinal bleeding
treatment of Cardiovascular disease
treatment of Gastritis