Smoking, self-harm, eating disorders, and addiction have all been associated with<unk> . Somatoform disorders may be caused by a decreased ability to regulate and experience emotions or an inability to express emotions in a positive way. Individuals who have difficulty regulating emotions are at risk for eating disorders and substance abuse as they use food or substances as a way to regulate their emotions.<unk>  is also found in people who have an increased risk of developing a mental disorder, in particularly an affective disorder such as depression or bipolar disorder. Early childhood Research has shown that failures in<unk>  regulation may be related to the display of acting out, externalizing disorders, or behavior problems. When presented with challenging tasks, children who were found to have defects in<unk>  regulation (high-risk) spent less time attending to tasks and more time throwing tantrums or fretting than children without<unk>  regulation problems (low-risk). These high-risk children had difficulty with self-regulation and had difficulty complying with requests from caregivers and were more defiant.<unk>  has also been associated with childhood social withdrawal. Common signs of<unk>  in early childhood include isolation, throwing things, screaming, lack of eye contact, refusing to speak, rocking, running away, crying, dissociating, high levels of anxiety, or inability to be flexible. Internalizing behaviors<unk>  in children can be associated with internalizing behaviors including *exhibiting emotions too intense for a situation *difficulty calming down when upset *difficulty decreasing negative emotions *being less able to calm themselves *difficulty understanding<unk>  experiences *becoming avoidant or aggressive when dealing with negative emotions *experiencing more negative emotions Externalizing behaviors<unk>  in children can be associated with externalizing behaviors including *exhibiting more extreme emotions *difficulty identifying<unk>  cues *difficulty recognizing their own emotions *focusing on the negative *difficulty controlling their attention *being impulsive *difficulty decreasing their negative emotions *difficulty calming down when upset
Emotional dysregulation
Jurosomatic illness
Automatic behavior
Thought disorder
Gender dysphoria
Stress-related disorders
Identity disorder
Alexithymia