Imaging scans for<unk>  A physician can conduct a few scans and tests to diagnose a person with<unk> . High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is valuable because it allows the neuroradiologist to view the tumor from different angles. In some cases, a powerful 3T (Tesla) MRI scanner can help define the location of critical brain structures affected by the tumor. The histologic pattern consists of nesting of squamous epithelium bordered by radially arranged cells. It is frequently accompanied by calcium deposition and may have a microscopic papillary architecture. A computed tomography (CT) scan is also a good diagnostic tool, as it detects calcification in the tumor. Two distinct types are recognized: * Adamantinomatous<unk> s, which resemble ameloblastomas (the most common type of odontogenic tumor), are characterized by activating CTNNB1 mutations. * Papillary<unk> s are characterized by BRAFv600E mutations. In the adamantinomatous type, calcifications are visible on neuroimaging and are helpful in diagnosis. The papillary type rarely calcifies. A vast majority of<unk> s in children are adamantiomatous, whereas both subtypes are common in adults. Mixed-type tumors also occur. On macroscopic examination,<unk> s are cystic or partially cystic with solid areas. On light microscopy, the cysts are seen to be lined by stratified squamous epithelium. Keratin pearls may also be seen. The cysts are usually filled with a yellow, viscous fluid rich in cholesterol crystals. Of a long list of possible symptoms, the most common presentations include headaches, growth failure, and bitemporal hemianopsia. File:Craniopharyngioma1.CT scan showing a<unk>  Image:Craniopharyngioma2.Enhanced T1 weighted MRIs of<unk> s File:Adamantinomatous<unk>  - intermed mag.Micrograph showing the characteristic features of an adamantinomatous<unk>  - cystic spaces, calcifications, and "wet" keratin, HPS stain File:Papillary<unk>  - high mag.Micrograph showing a papillary<unk> , HPS stain Malignant<unk> <unk> s are usually successfully managed with a combination of adjuvant chemotherapy and neurosurgery. Recent research describes the rare occurrence of malignant transformations of these normally benign tumors. Malignant<unk> s can occur at any age, are slightly more common in females, and are usually of the adamantinomatous type. The malignant transformations can take years to occur (although one in five of the diagnosed cases were de novo transformations), hence the need for lengthier follow-up in patients diagnosed with the more common benign forms. No link has been found between malignancy and initial chemoradiotherapy treatment, and the overall survival rate was very poor with median survival being 6 months after diagnosis of malignancy.
Craniopharyngioma
Subependymoma
Glial tumor
Vestibular schwannoma
Mantleoma
Central neurocytoma
Choroid plexus papilloma
Germinoma