A normal-sized hand (left) and the enlarged hand of someone with acromegaly (right) Some of the diseases involving the<unk>  are: * Central diabetes insipidus caused by a deficiency of vasopressin * Gigantism and acromegaly caused by an excess of growth hormone in childhood and adult, respectively * Hypothyroidism caused by a deficiency of thyroid-stimulating hormone * Hyperpituitarism, the increased (hyper) secretion of one or more of the hormones normally produced by the<unk>  * Hypopituitarism, the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the hormones normally produced by the<unk>  * Panhypopituitarism a decreased secretion of most of the<unk>  hormones *<unk>  tumours *<unk>  adenomas, noncancerous tumors that occur in the<unk>  All of the functions of the<unk>  can be adversely affected by an over- or under-production of associated hormones. The<unk>  is important for mediating the stress response, via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) Critically,<unk>  growth during adolescence can be altered by early life stress such as childhood maltreatment or maternal dysphoric behavior. It has been demonstrated that, after controlling for age, sex, and BMI, larger quantities of DHEA and DHEA-S tended to be linked to larger<unk>  volume. Additionally, a correlation between<unk>  volume and Social Anxiety subscale scores was identified which provided a basis for exploring mediation. Again controlling for age, sex, and BMI, DHEA and DHEA-S have been found to be predictive of larger<unk>  volume, which was also associated with increased ratings of social anxiety. This research provides evidence that<unk>  volume mediates the link between higher DHEA(S) levels (associated with relatively early adrenarche) and traits associated with social anxiety. Children who experience early adrenarcheal development tend to have larger<unk>  volume compared to children with later adrenarcheal development.
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Adrenal cortex
Allothalamus
Kidney
Lens
Lens 
Liver