After the conus medullaris (near lumbar vertebral levels 1 (L1) and 2 (L2), occasionally lower), the spinal canal contains a bundle of nerve fibers (the<unk><unk>  or "horse-tail") that branches off the lower end of the spinal cord and contains the nerve roots from L1–L5 and S1–S5. The nerve roots from L4–S4 join in the sacral plexus which affects the sciatic nerve, which travels<unk> lly (toward the feet). Compression, trauma or other damage to this region of the spinal canal can result in<unk> . The symptoms may also appear as a temporary side-effect of a sacral extra-dural injection. Trauma Direct trauma can also cause<unk> . Most common causes include as a complication of lumbar punctures, burst fractures resulting in posterior migration of fragments of the vertebral body, severe disc herniations, spinal anaesthesia involving trauma from catheters and high local anaesthetic concentrations around the<unk><unk> , penetrating trauma such as knife wounds or ballistic trauma. Spinal stenosis<unk>  can be caused by lumbar spinal stenosis, which is when the diameter of the spinal canal narrows. This could be the result of a degenerative process of the spine (such as osteoarthritis) or a developmental defect which is present at birth. In the most severe cases of spondylolisthesis<unk>  can result. Inflammatory conditions Chronic spinal inflammatory conditions such as Paget disease, neurosarcoidosis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid disease of the spine, and chronic tuberculosis can cause it. This is due to the spinal canal narrowing that these kinds of syndromes can produce.
Cauda equina syndrome
Spinal stenosis
Central cord syndrome
Occipital horn syndrome
Posterior cord syndrome
Diastematomyelia
Anterior spinal artery syndrome
Lateral medullary syndrome