Factors that increase the risk of<unk>  include smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, faulty genes, a family history of<unk> , having<unk>  disease that needs dialysis, being infected with hepatitis C, and previous treatment for testicular<unk>  or cervical<unk> . There are also other possible risk factors such as<unk>  stones being investigated. About 25-30% of the<unk>  are attributed to smoking. Smokers have a 1.3 times higher risk of developing<unk>  compared to non-smokers. Moreover, there is a dose-dependent increased risk of<unk>  development. Men who smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day have twice the risk. Likewise, women who smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day have 1.5 times the risk of non-smokers. After 10 years of smoking cessation a substantial reduction is seen in the risk of developing<unk> .
Kidney cancer
Ureteral cancer
Kidney tumour
Pyonephrosis
Pyelonephritis
Renal cell carcinoma
Liver cancer
Nephritis