<unk>  is a field of study of the methodology and application of models for disease and pharmacological measurement. It uses mathematical models of biology, pharmacology, disease, and physiology to describe and quantify interactions between xenobiotics and patients (human and non-human), including beneficial effects and adverse effects. It is normally applied to quantify drug, disease and trial information to aid efficient drug development, regulatory decisions and rational drug treatment in patients.<unk>  uses models based on pharmacology, physiology and disease for quantitative analysis of interactions between drugs and patients. This involves Systems pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease progression with a focus on populations and variability. Mould and Upton provide an overview of basic concepts in population modeling, simulation, and model-based drug development. A major focus of<unk>  is to understand variability in drug response. Variability may be predictable (e.g. due to differences in body weight or kidney function) or apparently unpredictable (a reflection of current lack of knowledge).
Pharmacometrics
Dose profile
Bioanalysis
Test panel
Etest
Pharmacotoxicology
Risk panel
Pharmacomicrobiomics