In general, the causes of<unk>  and<unk>  are similar. Common causes include having limited emotional and social support, experiencing financial stress, having an unsatisfying relationship with one's partner, finding difficulty adjusting to parenting, unexpected events in child development and personal histories of mental disorders and drug abuse. According to a study conducted in 2005, 65% of males identified with depressive symptoms when the child was 8 weeks old. The causes of<unk>  include stress overload, caring responsively to the children, undertaking multiple family and social roles and a decrease in direct father to child interaction. Fathers of young boys are most vulnerable to<unk>  during the child's early and behavioural development. This is caused by young boys having the tendency to be hyperactive and harder to discipline. This causes the father to be concerned and frustrated. There is a positive correlation between a boy's misbehaviour and<unk>  in fathers.
Paternal depression
Antenatal depression
Fetal programming
Maternal hypothyroidism
Maternal-fetal conflict
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Paternal age effect
Neonatal infection