The literature, from 1953 through 2010, often cited that the cause of<unk>  is unknown. The causal connection between cirrhosis and<unk>  has not been proven. A connective tissue disease has been suspected in some cases. Autoimmunity may have something to do with it, as 25% of all sclerosis patients who had a certain anti-RNA marker have<unk> . RNA autoimmunity has been suspected as a cause or marker since at least 1996.<unk>  levels may indicate a hormonal connection. Associated conditions Micrograph showing liver cirrhosis, a condition that often precedes hepatic encephalopathy. Trichrome stain.<unk>  is associated with a number of conditions, including portal hypertension, chronic kidney failure, and collagen<unk>  diseases. Watermelon stomach also occurs particularly with scleroderma, and especially the subtype known as systemic sclerosis. A full 5.7% of persons with sclerosis have<unk> , and 25% of all sclerosis patients who had a certain anti-RNA polymerase marker have<unk> . In fact: The endoscopic appearance of<unk>  is similar to portal hypertensive gastropathy, but is not the same condition, and may be concurrent with cirrhosis of the liver. 30% of all patients have cirrhosis associated with<unk> . Sjögren's syndrome has been associated with at least one patient. The first case of ectopic pancreas associated with watermelon stomach was reported in 2010. Patients with<unk>  may have elevated<unk>  levels. The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) states that pernicious anemia is one of the conditions associated with<unk> 's, and one separate study showed that over three-fourths of the patients in the study with<unk> 's had some kind of Vitamin B12 deficiency including the associated condition pernicious anemia. Intestinal permeability and diverticulitis may occur in some patients with<unk> .
Gastric antral vascular ectasia
Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
Foreign body in alimentary tract
Intestinal neuronal dysplasia
Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility
Rectal foreign body
Multifocal stenosing ulceration of the small intestine
Retained antrum syndrome