Spinal fusion for kyphosis and scoliosis is an extremely invasive surgery. The risk of complications is estimated to be about 10%. Possible complications may be inflammation of the soft tissue or deep inflammatory processes, breathing impairments, bleeding and nerve injuries, or infection. As early as five years after surgery around 5% require reoperation and long-term issues remain unclear. Taking into account that some of the symptoms of the spinal deformity cannot be changed by surgical intervention, surgery remains a cosmetic indication, though the cosmetic effects of surgery are not necessarily stable.
Scheuermann's disease
Zimmermann–Laband syndrome
Hartnup disease
Ackerman syndrome
Camurati–Engelmann disease
Binder's syndrome
Urbach–Wiethe disease
Brill–Zinsser disease