There are several reasons to treat<unk> lesion(s) (also known as ‘Class V cavity’) such as: # Sensitivity. # Presence of carious lesion. # Aesthetically unpleasant. # Arresting the progression of the lesion. # Reducing potential onset of caries or periodontal disease as these lesions can present as a plaque retention factor. # Where there is a risk of pulpal exposure if lesion depth is severe enough. # When retention of a removable appliance is interfered, i.e. denture # To improve denture clasp(s) retention. # Overall integrity of tooth structure is compromised. In order for successful treatment of<unk> to occur, the aetiology first needs to be identified. The most accurate way of doing so is completing a thorough medical, dental, social and diet history. All aspects need to be investigated as in many cases the cause of<unk> can be multi-factorial. Once a definitive diagnosis is completed the appropriate treatment can commence. Treatment for<unk> can present in varying difficulties depending on the current degree or progress caused by the<unk> <unk> often presents in conjunction with other dental conditions such as attrition, decay and erosion. Evidence suggest there is a decrease in the effect of dental<unk> with dental erosion when fluoride varnish is applied onto teeth. Successful treatment focuses on the prevention and progression on the condition and modifies the current habit/s instigating the condition. Removal of causes If the cause of<unk> is due to habitual behaviours, the discontinuation and change of habit is critical in the prevention of further tooth loss. The correct brushing technique is pivotal and involves a gentle scrub technique with small horizontal movements with an extra-soft/soft bristle brush. Excessive lateral force can be corrected by holding the toothbrush in a pen grasp or by using the non-dominant hand to brush. If<unk> is the result of an ill-fitting dental appliance, this should be corrected or replaced by a dental practitioner and should not be attempted in a home setting. Chemical The current selection of dentifrice should also be critically analysed and changed to include a less abrasive and gentler paste such as sensitive toothpaste as evidence suggests that a very abrasive toothpaste would lead to loss of tooth structure. A toothpaste containing increased fluoride will also help combat the increased sensitivity and risk to dental decay. Toothpastes containing stannous fluoride have been shown to inhibit acid erosion of tooth structure, thereby reducing its susceptibility to abrasive wear. Fluoride varnish can also be used as a preventive measure for patients at high risk of dental erosion, as the fluoride varnish increases resistance to erosion and subsequent tooth wear. Treatment in the dental chair may include a fluoride application or the placement of a restoration in more severe cases. If the lesion is small and confined to enamel or cementum, a restoration is not warranted, instead the eradication of rough edges should occur to reduce plaque retentive properties. However, in the case of dental decay, aesthetic concerns or defects close to the pulp a restoration may be completed. Further restorative work may be required when the lesion compromises the overall strength of the tooth or when the defect contributes to a periodontal problem the lesion may be restored. Once abrasive lesions have been diagnosed and treated they should be closely monitored to identify further progression or potential relief of symptoms. Restoration Ideal properties of restoration materials particularly for these lesions include: # Satisfactory wear resistance most commonly caused by overzealous/excessive force used during toothbrushing. # Low modulus of elasticity, given that teeth (anterior dentition) have been considered to flex around the cervical area (area closest to gum levels). # Good aesthetics. There are other properties of restoration materials which could be considered appropriate, although not specific to Class V restorations, which includes: # Small filler particles for polishability to achieve better aesthetics. # Sufficiently stiff consistency to hold shape but still allows easy handling for placement into a cavity. # Self-curing/setting or curable to any depth. # Dimensionally stable or low shrinkage/stress. # Fluoride release. # Self-adhesive to enamel and dentine. Dental materials such as amalgam, glass ionomer (GI), resin-modified glass ionomer (a variant of GI) and resin composite are the types of restoration materials available when active treatment by means of restoration is appropriate. Taking into consideration these factors and their respective dental materials' properties, evidence and studies has shown that resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restoration material is the recommended restoration material in clinical situations as it performs optimally - provided aesthetics is not the top priority when restoring these lesions. The surface of such lesions should be roughened prior to its restoration - whether material is GI-based or resin-based - with no need for bevelling of the coronal aspect of the cavity.
Abrasion 
Elscint
Skin fissure
Overbite
Hobcart
Veinoplus
Flat wart
Skin tag