Children In children<unk>  usually affects the larger joints like the hips, knees and shoulders. The early signs and symptoms of<unk>  in children and adolescence can be confused with limb injury. Among the signs and symptoms of<unk>  are: acutely swollen, red, painful joint with fever. Kocher criteria have been suggested to predict the diagnosis of<unk>  in children. Importantly, observation of active limb motion or kicking in the lower limb can provide valuable clues to<unk>  of hip or knee. In neonates/new born and infants the hip joint is characteristically held in abduction flexion and external rotation. This position helps the infant accommodate maximum amount of<unk>  joint fluid with the least tension possible. The tendency to have multiple joint involvements in<unk>  of neonates and young children should be closely considered. Adults In adults,<unk>  most commonly causes pain, swelling and warmth at the affected joint. Therefore, those affected by<unk>  will often refuse to use the extremity and prefer to hold the joint rigidly. Fever is also a symptom; however, it is less likely in older people. In adults the most common joint affected is the knee. Hip, shoulder, wrist and elbow joints are less commonly affected. Spine, sternoclavicular and<unk> croiliac joints can also be involved. The most common cause of arthritis in these joints is intravenous drug use. Usually, only one joint is affected. More than one joint can be involved if bacteria are spread through the bloodstream. Prosthetic joint For those with artificial joint implants, there is a chance of 0.86 to 1.1% of getting infected in a knee joint and 0.3 to 1.7% of getting infected in a hip joint. There are three phases of artificial joint infection: early, delayed and late. *Early – infection occurs in less than 3 months. Usual signs and symptoms are fever and joint pain, with redness and warmth over the joint operation site. The mode of infection is during the joint implant surgery. The usual bacteria involved are Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacilli. *Delayed – infection occurs between 3 and 24 months. There would be persistent joint pain, due to loosening of the implant. The mode of infection is during the implant surgery. Common bacteria are coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium acnes. *Late – more than 24 months. It is usually presented with a sudden onset of joint pain and fever. The mode of infection is through the bloodstream. The bacteria involved are the<unk> me as those in<unk>  of a normal joint.
Septic arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Knee arthritis
Gout
Compression arthralgia
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory arthritis
Reactive arthritis