In vitro fertilisation<unk>  has been used to prevent the transmission of<unk>  diseases from mother to child; it could only be performed in clinics licensed by the UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), only for people individually approved by the HFEA, for whom preimplantation genetic diagnosis is unlikely to be helpful, and only with informed consent that the risks and benefits are not well understood. Relevant mutations are found in about 0.5% of the population and disease affects around one in 5000 individuals (0.02%)—the percentage of people affected is much smaller because cells contain many<unk>  only some of which carry mutations, and the number of mutated<unk> need to reach a threshold in order to affect the entire cell, and many cells need to be affected for the person to show disease. The average number of births per year among women at risk for transmitting mtDNA disease is estimated to approximately 150 in the United Kingdom and 800 in the United States. Prior to the development of MRT, and in places where it is not legal or feasible, the reproductive options for women who are at risk for transmitting mtDNA disease and who want to prevent transmission were using an egg from another woman, adoption, or childlessness. Tissue function Autologous<unk> extracted from healthy tissue and supplied to damaged tissue has been used to treat cardiac-compromised newborns. Alternatives to the approach include use of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) or tissue or organ transplantation.
Mitochondrial replacement therapy
Enzyme replacement therapy
Cobalt therapy
Gene therapy in Parkinson's disease
Gene therapy for epilepsy
Gene therapy for color blindness
Ketogenic diet
Gene therapy