<unk>  is childbirth without routine medical interventions, particularly anesthesia.<unk>  arose in opposition to the techno-medical model of childbirth that has recently gained popularity in industrialized societies.<unk>  attempts to minimize medical intervention, particularly the use of anesthetic medications and surgical interventions such as episiotomies, forceps and ventouse deliveries and caesarean sections.<unk>  may occur during a physician or midwife attended hospital birth, a midwife attended homebirth, or an unassisted birth. The term<unk> " was coined by obstetrician Grantly Dick-Read upon publication of his book<unk>  in the 1930s, which was followed by the 1942 Childbirth Without Fear.
Natural childbirth
Unassisted childbirth
Labor induction
Home birth
Caesarean section
Forceps
Post-abortion care
Postpartum confinement