A<unk>  <unk>  is a type of patterned spontaneous activity that can be observed in preparations of developing brain at early stages of development. These patterns of activity differ a lot from both the adult brain activity, and epileptiform activity. In humans they exist only on prenatal stages, in rats they last for approximately P6.<unk> s were postulated to be essential for the establishment and maturation of synaptic connections in the immature brain . One of the main conditions for<unk>  development (that is met in premature but not adult brain) is that GABA action on these stages should be excitatory rather than inhibitory. This is caused by a much higher concentration of Cl− concentration in the cytoplasm of neonatal neurons. Further, the expression of the chloride transporter, KCC2, is less in immature neurons, as a result of which there is the above-mentioned high intracellular chloride. On receiving a GABAergic stimulus, there is an efflux of Chloride from the cell, resulting in depolarization of the cell. This causes the<unk> s. Once the KCC2 expression is relatively high, as in the adult, mature neurons, the<unk> s almost simultaneously disappear. The increased level of KCC2 expression in adult, mature neurons alone is not the reason for the disappearance of the<unk> s, however.
Giant depolarizing potential
High-conductance state
Plateau potentials
Tetanic contraction
Afterdepolarization
Delta Wave
Delta wave
Spike-and-wave