<unk>  is an overgrowth of costal cartilage causing the sternum to protrude forward. It primarily occurs among four different patient groups, and males are more frequently affected than females. Most commonly,<unk>  develops in 11-to-14-year-old pubertal males undergoing a growth spurt. Some parents report that their child's<unk>  seemingly popped up overnight. Second most common is the presence of<unk>  at or shortly after birth. The condition may be evident in newborns as a rounded anterior chest wall. As the child reaches age 2 or 3 years of age, the outward sternal protrusion becomes more pronounced.<unk>  can also be caused by vitamin D deficiency in children (Rickets) due to deposition of unmineralized osteoid. Least common is a<unk>  malformation following open-heart surgery or in children with poorly controlled bronchial asthma.<unk>  is generally a solitary, non-syndromic abnormality. However, the condition may be present in association with other syndromes: Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Loeys–Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Morquio syndrome, trisomy 18, trisomy 21, homocystinuria, osteogenesis imperfecta, multiple lentigines syndrome (LEOPARD syndrome), Sly syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type VII), and scoliosis. In about 25% of cases of<unk> , the patient has a family member with the condition.
Pectus carinatum
Pes cavus
Pectus excavatum
Omphalolith
Fissured tongue
Visceroptosis
Cephalohematoma
Subungual hematoma