There are multiple risk factors of<unk> , whereof a review in 2016 emphasized chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, reduced intravascular volume, and old age. Decreased kidney function European guidelines classify a pre-existing decreased kidney function to be a risk factor of<unk>  in the following cases: * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 2 of body surface area before intra-arterial administration with first-pass renal exposure (not passing lungs or peripheral circulation before kidneys), or in the intensive care unit * eGFR 75 y - 4 points * Hematocrit level 1.5 g/dL - 4 points :: or * Estimated Glomerular filtration rate ( online calculator) :** 2 for 40–60 mL/min/1.73 m2 :** 4 for 20–40 mL/min/1.73 m2 :** 6 for 5 or less points * Risk of<unk>  - 7.5 * Risk of Dialysis - 0.04% 6–10 points * Risk of<unk>  - 14.0 * Risk of Dialysis - 0.12% 11–16 points * Risk of<unk>  - 26.1* * Risk of Dialysis - 1.09% >16 points * Risk of<unk>  - 57.3 * Risk of Dialysis - 12.8% Other factors European guidelines include the following procedure-related risk factors: * Large doses of<unk>  given intra-arterially with first-pass renal exposure * Use of<unk>  agents with high osmolality (limited use today) * Multiple<unk>  injections within 48-72 h. At least Swedish guidelines also include gadolinium MRI<unk>  agents in this aspect. Swedish guidelines list the following additional risk factors: * Hypoxia * Cirrhosis * NSAID or nephrotoxic medication * Individuals on dialysis with residual renal function of at least 400 ml urine/24h * Individuals having undergone kidney transplantation
Contrast-induced nephropathy
Analgesic nephropathy
Reflux nephropathy
Shunt nephritis
IgA nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Benign nephrosclerosis
Acute uric acid nephropathy