Clinical examination and x rays can help diagnose the condition. For examples : *Valsalva test (nose blowing test): Ask the patient to pinch the nostrils together and open the mouth, then blow gently through the nose. Observe if there is passage of air or bubbling of blood in the post extraction alveolus as the trapped air from closed nostrils is forced into the mouth through any<unk>  communication. Gentle suction applied to the socket often produces a characteristic hollow sound. *Perform a complete extra- and intra-oral examination using a dental mirror under good lighting, look for granulation tissue in the socket and openings into the antrum. *Panoramic radiograph or paranasal computed tomography can help to locate the<unk> , the size of it and to determine the presence of sinusitis and other foreign bodies. Other methods like radiographs (occipitomental, OPG and periapical views) can also be used to confirm the presence of any<unk> s. *To test the patency of communication the patient is asked to rinse the mouth or water is flushed in the tooth socket. *Unilateral epistaxis is seen in case of collection of blood in the sinus cavity. *Do not probe or irrigate the site, because it may lead to sinusitis or push foreign bodies, such as contaminated fragments, or oral flora further into the antrum. Hence, leading to the formation of a new<unk>  or widen an existing one.
Oroantral fistula
Liber pantegni
Omphalocele
Urachal fistula
Cimino fistula
Midline cervical cleft
Hypospadias
Iatrosophia