Chemical structure of<unk> <unk>  (reduced form) Mechanism of action<unk> <unk>  operates as an anti-oxidant and essential enzyme cofactor in the human body. In in vitro studies, the primary mechanism of high dosage<unk>  can be related to<unk> <unk> 's pro-oxidant activity, whereby hydrogen peroxide is formed. In the extracellular fluid of cells,<unk> <unk>  dissociates into an ascorbate radical upon the reduction of transition metal ions, such as ferric or cupric cations. These transition metal ions will then reduce dissolved oxygen into a superoxide radical- this will then react with hydrogen to form hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, according to Fenton chemistry, these transition metal ions can be further oxidised by hydrogen peroxide to generate a highly reactive hydroxyl radical. The formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals is believed to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis of cancer cells. Although many in vitro studies have studied hydrogen peroxide generation by<unk> <unk> , the pharmacological mechanism of<unk>  in vivo is still unclear.
Intravenous ascorbic acid
Intravenous iron infusion
Intravenous sugar solution
Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
Home hemodialysis
Retinoscopy
Fundal massage
Enucleation of the eye