The common isoforms of<unk> . Top: γA/γ' contains the common γ chain (also known as γA) and the rare γ' chain, which has an extended C-terminal. Bottom: variant containing the AαE isoforms in the place of more common Aα. This AαE/AαE combination has an extended C-terminals (αEC) and a mass of 420 kDa, which is heavier than typical<unk> . Click to see the extended description. Human<unk> . Aα chains (cyan), Bβ chains (red), γA chains (pink), calcium (green), carbohydrated (orange). FpA:<unk> rinopeptides A. FpB:<unk> rinopeptides B. αC: Aα chain C-terminal domain. D: D domain. E: E domain. Human<unk>  (PDB: 3GHG). Colors are the same as in the other picture. Disulfide bonds are also shown (highlighted with yellow). Parts of the actual structure are unresolved: e.g., the C-terminals of Aα chains are too short. The Aα, Bβ, and γ chains are transcribed and translated coordinately on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with their peptide chains being passed into the ER while their signal peptide portions are removed. Inside the ER, the three chains are assembled initially into Aαγ and Bβγ dimers, then to AαBβγ trimers, and finally to (AαBβγ)2 heximers, i.e. two AαBβγ trimers joined together by numerous disulfide bonds. The heximer is transferred to the Golgi where it is glycosylated, hydroxylated, sulfated, and phosphorylated to form the mature<unk>  glycoprotein that is secreted into the blood. Mature<unk>  is arranged as a long flexible protein array of three nodules held together by a very thin thread which is estimated to have a diameter between 8 and 15 Ångstrom (Å). The two end nodules (termed D regions or domains) are alike in consisting of Bβ and γ chains, while the center slightly smaller nodule (termed the E region or domain) consists of two intertwined Aα alpha chains. Measurements of shadow lengths indicate that nodule diameters are in the range 50 to 70 Å. The length of the dried molecule is 475 ± 25 Å. The<unk>  molecule circulates as a soluble plasma glycoprotein with a typical molecular weight of ~340-~420 kDa (kilo-daltons) (depending on its content of Aα verses AαE, γ versus γ' chains, and carbohydrate ~4-~10%w/w). It has a rod-like shape with dimensions of 9 × 47.5 × 6 nm and has a negative net charge at physiological pH (its isoelectric point ~5.5-~6.5, e.g. pH 5.8). The normal concentration of<unk>  in blood plasma is 150–400 mg/dl, with levels appreciably below or above this range associated with pathological bleeding and/or thrombosis.<unk>  has a circulating half-life of ~4 days.
Fibrinogen
Factor VIII
Factor VIII 
Β-Thromboglobulin
Von Willebrand factor
Platelet-activating factor
Factor IX
Thrombin