<unk>  is characterized by moderate to severe painless vision loss of abrupt onset. One or both eyes may be affected and color vision is typically impaired. Ophthalmoscopic exam Looking inside the person's eyes at the time of onset, ophthalmoscope exam reveals no visible changes to the optic nerve head. Weeks after ischemic insult, nerve atrophy originating from the damaged<unk>  optic nerve progresses to involve the anterior optic nerve head. Four to eight weeks after onset, atrophy of the optic nerve head is observable upon ophthalmoscope exam. Pupils If both eyes are affected by<unk> , the pupils may look symmetrical. However, if the eyes are asymmetrically affected, i.e. one eye's optic nerve is more damaged than the other, it will produce an important sign called an afferent pupillary defect. Defective light perception in one eye causes an asymmetrical pupillary constriction reflex called the afferent pupillary defect (APD). Arteritic<unk>  A-PION most commonly affects Caucasian women, with an average age of 73. At onset vision loss is unilateral, but without treatment it rapidly progresses to involve both eyes. Vision loss is usually severe, ranging from counting fingers to no light perception. Associated symptoms are jaw pain exacerbated by chewing, scalp tenderness, shoulder and hip pain, headache and fatigue. Perioperative<unk>  Vision loss is usually apparent upon waking from general anesthesia. Signs observable to a bystander include long surgery duration and facial swelling. Vision loss is usually bilateral and severe, ranging from counting fingers to no light perception.
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Optic neuritis
Autoimmune optic neuropathy
Retinal vasculitis
Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy