Schematic drawing of types of<unk> <unk> , in the literal sense of the word, means merely removal of the uterus. However other organs such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the cervix are very frequently removed as part of the surgery. * Radical<unk> : complete removal of the uterus, cervix, upper vagina, and parametrium. Indicated for cancer. Lymph nodes, ovaries, and fallopian tubes are also usually removed in this situation, such as in . * Total<unk> : complete removal of the uterus and cervix, with or without oophorectomy. * Subtotal<unk> : removal of the uterus, leaving the cervix in situ. Subtotal (supracervical)<unk>  was originally proposed with the expectation that it may improve sexual functioning after<unk> , it has been postulated that removing the cervix causes excessive neurologic and anatomic disruption, thus leading to vaginal shortening, vaginal vault prolapse, and vaginal cuff granulations. These theoretical advantages were not confirmed in practice, but other advantages over total<unk>  emerged. The principal disadvantage is that risk of cervical cancer is not eliminated and women may continue cyclical bleeding (although substantially less than before the surgery). These issues were addressed in a systematic review of total versus supracervical<unk>  for benign gynecological conditions, which reported the following findings: * There was no difference in the rates of incontinence, constipation, measures of sexual function, or alleviation of pre-surgery symptoms. * Length of surgery and amount of blood lost during surgery were significantly reduced during supracervical<unk>  compared to total<unk> , but there was no difference in post-operative transfusion rates. * Febrile morbidity was less likely and ongoing cyclic vaginal bleeding one year after surgery was more likely after supracervical<unk> . * There was no difference in the rates of other complications, recovery from surgery, or readmission rates. In the short-term, randomized trials have shown that cervical preservation or removal does not affect the rate of subsequent pelvic organ prolapse. Supracervical<unk>  does not eliminate the possibility of having cervical cancer since the cervix itself is left intact and may be contraindicated in women with increased risk of this cancer; regular pap smears to check for cervical dysplasia or cancer are still needed.
Hysterectomy
Vasectomy
Sacrohysteropexy
Vaginectomy
Hymenotomy
Progesterone vaginal ring
Chemical castration
Vaginoplasty