Since the 1990s early-onset<unk>  has declined because of screening of group B streptococcus. The cause of early-onset<unk>  are pathogens that contaminate the placenta, vaginal canal, cervix, or amniotic fluid, and these pathogens can affect the baby either in the womb or during labor. Early-onset<unk>  is found to be 0.77 to 1 per 100,000 live births in the U.S. In premature babies, the incidence and mortality rates are higher due to the weakness of their immune system. For infants with low birth weight, cases of early-onset<unk>  is found to be about 26 per 1,000 and 8 per 1,000 live births. Certain populations of babies are at more risk as well. Mothers who have poor healthcare, low socioeconomic status, substance abuse, or are African American have higher rates of<unk> . In fact, African American preterm babies have the highest rate of infection and mortality. 5.14 of every 1,000 live births and 24.4% case fatality ratio, respectively. The mother is not the only one who can contract the bacteria that contributes to<unk> . The child can contribute to the onset of<unk>  through multiple factors. Mothers contribute to the risk through a variety of ways like diets during pregnancy and potential intake of foods that are contaminated, through invasive procedures like amniocentesis and cervical cerclage, or contamination of bacteria in the vaginal canal. Infants can contribute to early-onset<unk>  through prematurity, congenital anomalies, complicated birth or instrument assisted birth, and low APGAR scores. Testing for<unk>  is done because of how little it physically presents itself in babies. Infants showing no signs of<unk>  will have a<unk>  workup done only if concerning factors are shown. Only a small percentage of infants will have a<unk>  workup done. Of this small population only 3% to 8% will show positive cultures.
Neonatal sepsis
Neonatal meningitis
Shaken baby syndrome
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
Omphalitis of newborn
Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease
Neonatal stroke
Neonatal infection