Statins and antiplatelets such as aspirin, are the only medications recommended by the ESC guidelines and the ACC/AHA Task Force guidelines for the prevention of VGF. Different surgical techniques had been studied in attempt to reduce VGF. The No-touch technique is where the<unk>  is harvested with the surrounding tissues, keeping the vasa vasorum and the nerves in the adventitia intact. This technique shown to improve<unk><unk>  patency and less development of intimal hyperplasia. Despite the benefits shown, the use of No-touch technique in CABG is limited to a few centers. Probably because of the shift toward improved cosmetic outcome and patient satisfaction provided by endoscopic<unk>  harvesting (EVH). Although, EVH has been associated with higher risk of<unk><unk>  stenosis and occlusion. The solutions in which<unk><unk> s are stored after harvesting also play an important role. Buffered saline, instead of saline or blood, has shown to reduce the risk of significant stenosis or occlusion. Providing the<unk>  with external support prior to<unk> ing has shown to reduce intimal hyperplasia formation and improve the hemodynamics within the<unk> . Gene therapy is another strategy that been suggested to prevent VGF as the<unk> s are ideally suited for ex vivo treatment prior to<unk> ing. Preclinical studies showed that such strategy has the potential to reduce intimal hyperplasia but more clinical data is needed.
Vein graft failure
Arterial insufficiency ulcer
Vascular access steal syndrome
Gas gangrene
Diabetic foot infection
Chronic venous insufficiency
Arteriovenous fistula
Diabetic foot ulcer