Physiologically, increased pressure in utero, rickets and increased traction on the sternum due to abnormalities of the diaphragm have been postulated as specific mechanisms. Because the heart is located behind the sternum, and because individuals with<unk>  have been shown to have visible deformities of the heart seen both on radiological imaging and after autopsies, it has been hypothesized that there is impairment of the function of the cardiovascular system in individuals with<unk> . While some studies have demonstrated decreased cardiovascular function, no consensus has been reached based on newer physiological tests such as echocardiography of the presence or degree of impairment in cardiovascular function. However, a 2016 meta-analysis found significant evidence that surgical correction of<unk>  improves patient cardiac performance.
Pectus excavatum
Pectus carinatum
Pes cavus
Pediculosis pubis
Morsicatio buccarum
Protrusio acetabuli
Subungual hematoma
Pediculosis corporis