Treatment of<unk>  has traditionally been treated with<unk>  tubal surgery (tuboplasty) with a goal of restoring patency to the<unk> s and thus possibly normal function. A common modern day method of treatment is in vitro fertilization as it is more cost-effective, less invasive, and results are immediate. Alternative methods such as manual physical therapy are also cited for the ability to open and return function to blocked<unk> <unk> s in some women. Treatments such as assisted reproductive technologies are used more often than surgery. Tuboplasty Tuboplasty refers to a number of surgical operations that attempt to restore patency and functioning of the so that a pregnancy could be achieved. As tubal infertility is a common cause of infertility, tuboplasties were commonly performed prior to the development of effective in vitro fertilization (IVF). Different types of tuboplasty have been developed and can be applied by laparoscopy or laparotomy. They include lysis of adhesions, fimbrioplasty (repairing the fimbriated end of the<unk> s), salpinostomy (creating an opening for the<unk> , resection and reananstomosis (removing a piece of blocked<unk>  and reuniting the remaining patent parts of the<unk> , and tubal reimplantation (reconnecting the<unk>  to the uterus). Further, using fluoroscopy or hysteroscopy proximal tubal occlusion can be overcome by unilateral or bilateral selective tubal cannulation, a procedure where a thin catheter is advanced through the proximal portion of the<unk> <unk>  os to examine and possibly restore tubal patency salpinostomy (creating an opening for the<unk>  or falloposcopy. Results of tubal surgery are inversely related to damage that exists prior to surgery. Development of adhesions remains a problem. Patients with operated<unk> s are at increased risk for ectopic pregnancy., although in vitro fertilization in patients with damaged<unk> s is also associated with a risk for ectopic pregnancy. In vitro fertilization In vitro fertilisation is a process by which an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the body: in vitro. IVF is a major treatment for infertility when other methods of assisted reproductive technology have failed. The process involves monitoring a woman's ovulatory process, removing ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a fluid medium in a laboratory. When a woman's natural cycle is monitored to collect a naturally selected ovum (egg) for fertilisation, it is known as natural cycle IVF. The fertilised egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient's uterus with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy. While IVF therapy has largely replaced tubal surgery in the treatment of infertility, the presence of hydrosalpinx is a detriment to IVF success. It has been recommended that prior to IVF, laparoscopic surgery should be done to either block or remove hydrosalpinges.
Fallopian tube obstruction
Primary ovarian insufficiency
Mullerian anomalies
Blighted ovum
Gonadal tissue neoplasm
Anovulation
Male accessory gland infection
Ovarian remnant syndrome