Once visual loss has occurred, it becomes more problematic, but there are reports of recovered vision if blood transfusions and agents that raise blood pressure are administered within hours. A-PION If a diagnosis of GCA is suspected, treatment with steroids should begin immediately. A sample (biopsy) of the temporal artery should be obtained to confirm the diagnosis and guide future management, but should not delay initiation of treatment. Treatment does not recover lost vision, but prevents further progression and second eye involvement. High dose corticosteroids may be tapered down to low doses over approximately one year. Perioperative Rapid blood transfusions, to correct anemia and raise blood pressure, may improve<unk>  outcomes. In one report of a related disease, hypotension-induced AION, 3 out of 3 patients who received rapid transfusions reported partial recovery of vision. While rapid transfusions offer some hope, the prognosis for perioperative<unk>  remains poor. Prevention remains the best way to reduce<unk> . One retrospective report proposes that incidence of<unk>  could be reduced in high-risk cases by altering surgical management. For example, for patients undergoing spine surgery, measures could be taken to minimize intraoperative hypotension, to accelerate the process of blood replacement, and to aggressively treat facial swelling.
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Optic neuritis
Autoimmune optic neuropathy
Retinal vasculitis
Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy