Although<unk>  are often present and harmless in healthy people, they have been isolated in various infections and predominantly in patients that are immunocompromised as an opportunistic bacteria. In one case, C.<unk>  was isolated in an infected hematoma adjacent to a transplanted kidney in a 38-year-old, Hepatitis C patient. Originally, the bacteria was misidentified as another Clostridium species but was eventually correctly identified. This led the authors to state that C.<unk>  infection post transplant may be severely underestimated. C.<unk>  has also been implicated in cases of fatal bacteremia as reported in a retrospective study done by Newark Beth Israel Medical Center. Patients that succumbed to the infection (100% mortality) had underlying disease states (malignancy, diabetes or liver disease). While clostridial species only account for 2% of clinical bacteremia, C<unk>  was among the three most commonly isolated bacteria in this study. C.<unk>  has also been isolated in patients with recurrent diarrhea who had prior C. difficile associated diarrhea. One case of fatal bacterial endocarditis was also found in the literature. This is possibly the only confirmed case of C.<unk>  endocarditis involving the pulmonary and tricuspid valves resulting in multiple emboli and death.
Clostridium innocuum
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium ramosum
Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cereus
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Bacteroides caccae
Clostridium botulinum