X-ray image of an<unk><unk>  The<unk>  is about the changes in the bones, muscles and joints in cases of spinal deformity consisting of a lateral curvature<unk>  and a rotation of the vertebrae within the curve, that is not explained by either congenital vertebral abnormalities, or neuromuscular disorders such as muscular dystrophy. The<unk><unk>  accounts for 80–90% of<unk>  cases. Its pathogenesis is unknown. However, changes in the vestibular system, a lateral shift of the hand representation and abnormal variability of erector spinae motor map location in the motor cortex may be involved in this disease. A short spinal cord and associated nerve tensions has been proposed as a cause and model for<unk><unk> . Besides<unk><unk>  being more frequent in certain families, it is suspected to be transmitted via autosomal dominant inheritance. Estrogens could also play a crucial part in the progression of<unk><unk>  through their roles in bone formation, growth, maturation and turnover. Finally, collagen, intervertebral disc and muscle abnormalities have been suggested as the cause in<unk><unk> , although these are perhaps results rather than causes.
Neuromechanics of idiopathic scoliosis
Passive physiological intervertebral movements
Range of motion
Radiographic classification of osteoarthritis
Range of Motion
Passive accessory intervertebral movements
Joint stability
Chiropractic treatment techniques