It can be diagnosed with a standard echocardiogram. An echocardiogram can also aid in classifying the type of defect. The diagnosis can also be made prior to birth via ultrasound. Patients will have a loss of appetite, appear tired and weak, and exhibit rapid breathing and a rapid heart rate. If the condition progresses, the infant may turn pale, feel cold in the lower half of the body, and have a weak pulse due to insufficient blood flow. The pattern of pulse abnormalities is dependent upon the classification; e.g., for type B<unk> , the right brachial pulse will be palpable and the left brachial and femoral pulses will be impalpable due to closure of the ductus arteriosus. Rarely, an<unk>  can be associated with an intracranial aneurysm. Signs of ischemia due to<unk>  can be separated by the organ system involved: * Liver injury: elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (also known as aspartate transaminase, AST) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) * Kidney injury: elevated serum creatinine * Intestinal injury: signs of necrotizing enterocolitis, such as bloody stools CHARGE syndrome, a specific, rare pattern of genetic abnormalities, commonly features conotruncal and<unk>  arch heart defects, which can include an<unk> . Classification There are three primary classifications for an<unk> , on the basis of the specific, anatomic anomaly. They are: * Type A: The<unk>  arch is<unk>  after the left subclavian artery. * Type B: The<unk>  arch is<unk>  between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. This is the most common form of the condition, and is the classification most often associated with DiGeorge syndrome. * Type C: The<unk>  arch is<unk>  between the innominate artery and the left common carotid artery. This is the least common form of the condition. Each class can be divided into two subgroups, based upon whether the right subclavian artery originated in a normal, anatomical position (subgroup 1) or if it originated distal to the left subclavian artery and continues behind the esophagus (subgroup 2). However, these subgroups do not affect how the disease is diagnosed or treated.
Interrupted aortic arch
Double aortic arch
First arch syndrome
Right-sided aortic arch
Situs ambiguus
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Crisscross heart
Tricuspid atresia