<unk> , also known as antivenin, venom antiserum, and<unk>  immunoglobulin, is a specific treatment for envenomation. It is composed of antibodies and used to treat certain venomous bites and stings.<unk> s are recommended only if there is significant toxicity or a high risk of toxicity. The specific<unk>  needed depends on the species involved. It is given by injection. Side effects may be severe. They include serum sickness, shortness of breath, and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.<unk>  is traditionally made by collecting venom from the relevant animal and injecting small amounts of it into a domestic animal. The antibodies that form are then collected from the domestic animal's blood and purified. Versions are available for spider bites, snake bites, fish stings, and scorpion stings. Due to the high cost of producing antibody-based<unk> s and their short shelf lives when not refrigerated, alternative methods of production of<unk> s are being actively explored. One such different method of production involves production from bacteria. Another approach is to develop targeted drugs (which, unlike antibodies, are usually synthetic and easier to manufacture at scale).<unk>  was first developed in the late 19th century and came into common use in the 1950s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Antivenom
Altitoxin
Antitoxin
Snake antivenom
Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
Rabies immunoglobulin
QuantiFERON
Sarin