It is a non-invasive test as is generally regarded as safe however, there are some patients for whom this is contraindicated and there are a number of potential complications: Contraindications Contraindications are as follows: * Any patient who has a contraindication to MRI scanning, especially those with pacemakers * Patients with severe asthma, as Adenosine may provoke an attack * Patients with severe renal dysfunction, as the Gadolinium contrast agent poses a very small risk of causing Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF) and is therefore contraindicated when the eGFR is less than 30. * Patients who have heart block on their ECG before the test, as the Adenosine may make this worse. * Patients with severe claustrophobia as the MRI scanner is enclosed Adverse events It is common for the patient to get a number of mild symptoms when they are given the Adenosine infusion, such as feeling hot and sweaty, short of breath, nauseous and noticing that their heart is beating faster. These, if they occur, resolve rapidly (normally within 60 seconds) after the Adensoine infusion has stopped. There are a number of more serious and much less common side effects, including transient heart block, bronchoconstriction and a 1 in 10,000 risk of anaphylaxis caused by the gadolinium contrast agent. These can invariably be successfully treated with no long term side effects. Adenosine infusion is associated with some very rare but very serious side effects, including acute pulmonary oedema and<unk>  arrest (occurring in ≈1 in 1000 patients).
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging perfusion
Coronary CT calcium scan
Coronary CT angiography
Pressure–volume loop analysis in cardiology
ST2 cardiac biomarker
Cardiac electrophysiology
Impedance cardiography
Pulmonary angiography