<unk>  may be caused by a helminthic infection with Toxocara canis, Baylisascaris procyonis, or Ancylostoma caninum. The characteristic lesions are believed to result from a single nematode migrating within the subretinal space. Although previously thought to be endemic in some areas, that belief was likely due to under awareness.<unk>  has been diagnosed in patients in many countries and climates including America, Brazil, China and India.
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis
Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy
Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy
Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations
Progressive outer retinal necrosis
Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts
Punctate inner choroiditis
Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis