M.<unk>  is found in tropical Africa, central and eastern South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The parasite is widespread in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Infections have been reported from 33 countries in this region. In certain locations, extremely high proportions of the inhabitants show signs of infection. It often occurs among poor populations living in rural villages. M.<unk>  is also found in the Americas in Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, northern Argentina and the Amazon basin. This parasite does not occur in Asia. It also does not occur in the most northern and southern regions of Africa. A recent review of M.<unk>  in Africa states that about 114 million people are infected with this parasite in Africa today.
Mansonella perstans
Bartonella rochalimae
Helicobacter suis
Sporothrix schenckii
Bacteroides caccae
Helicobacter bizzozeronii
Veillonella parvula
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis