<unk> , also known as vaginal<unk>  implant, is a net-like surgical tool that is used to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among female patients. The surgical<unk>  is placed<unk> ly to reconstruct weakened pelvic muscle walls and to support the urethra or bladder. A number of<unk>  materials with varying absorbability has been explored to maximise the biocompatibility as well as the repair efficacy of<unk> . Depending on the target vaginal space, the application of<unk>  differs in terms of<unk>  shape, surgical incision and the position of<unk> . Since 2019,<unk>  has been banned by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to the high prevalence of complications, including<unk>  erosion, pain and pelvic infection. Complications may arise from concomitant surgery and inappropriate surgical techniques, while they can also be prevented with uterus preservation.<unk>  was once used widely for nearly 25% of prolapse interventions until the FDA ban, yet approximately 1 out of 15 patients required a<unk>  removal in the past decade.
Transvaginal mesh
Cervical pessary
Macy catheter
Vaginoplasty
Perineal dilator
Vaginal dilator
Hymenorrhaphy
Progesterone vaginal ring