Pharmacodynamics<unk>  is approximately twice as potent an anesthetic as racemic ketamine. In mice, the rapid antidepressant effect of arketamine was greater and lasted longer than that of<unk> . The usefulness of arketamine over<unk>  has been supported by other researchers.<unk>  inhibits dopamine transporters eight times more than arketamine. This increases dopamine activity in the brain. At doses causing the same intensity of effects,<unk>  is generally considered to be more pleasant by patients. Patients also generally recover mental function more quickly after being treated with pure<unk> , which may be a result of the fact that it is cleared from their system more quickly. This is however in contradiction with arketamine being devoid of psychotomimetic side effects. Unlike arketamine,<unk>  does not bind significantly to sigma receptors.<unk>  increases glucose metabolism in the frontal cortex, while arketamine decreases glucose metabolism in the brain. This difference may be responsible for the fact that<unk>  generally has a more dissociative or hallucinogenic effect while arketamine is reportedly more relaxing. However, another study found no difference between racemic ketamine and<unk>  on the patient's level of vigilance. Interpretation of this finding is complicated by the fact that racemic ketamine is 50%<unk> . Pharmacokinetics<unk>  is eliminated from the human body more quickly than arketamine (R(–)-ketamine) or racemic ketamine, although arketamine slows the elimination of<unk> .
Esketamine
Ketamine
Eptazocine
Naloxone
Pentazocine
Remifentanil
Pethidine
Fentanyl