<unk>  involves a probe that is placed near a structure and uses the transmission of<unk>  waves through a structure to produce images, after computer processing.<unk>  of the<unk><unk>  is performed by a probe placed on the abdominal wall, called a transducer. This occurs while a person is lying down. It is then moved around to better visualise different parts of the<unk><unk> . Gel is used on the abdominal wall, allowing smooth movement and improve sound conduction. The images are usually taken by a trained ultrasonographer, and then reported by a specialist radiologist. Prior to the test, a medical<unk> itioner will have conducted a medical history to evaluate for symptoms that may relate to the<unk><unk> . Before the exam, the person will need to drink three glasses of water (about 500 ml) at least one hour before the exam. If the person is on fluid restriction diet (due to heart, liver or kidney problems), then he can ignore the instruction. If there is a<unk>  catheter, the catheter should be clamped immediately after drinking the water. The person should not pass any urine until the scan is over. If the<unk>  bladder is the subject of interest, a person will be asked to pass urine and the amount of urine left in the bladder may be recorded.
Urinary tract ultrasound
Urine cytology
Cystoscopy
Cystography
Computed tomography urography
Cystometry
Voiding cystourethrography
Renal ultrasonography