Until recently, there was no specific, effective<unk>  or cure for coronavirus disease 2019<unk> ‑19), the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus., but as of April 2022 several medications have been approved in different countries. Patients with mild to moderate symptoms who are in the risk groups can take Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (marketed as Paxlovid) or Remdesivir, either of which significantly reduces the risk of serious illness or hospitalisation. In the USA, the Biden Administration<unk> -19 action plan includes the Test to Treat initiative, where people can go to a pharmacy, take a<unk>  test, and immediately receive free Paxlovid if they test positive. Highly effective vaccines have reduced mortality related to SARS-CoV-2; however, for those awaiting vaccination, as well as for the estimated millions of immunocompromised persons who are unlikely to respond robustly to vaccination,<unk>  remains important. The cornerstone of management of<unk> ‑19 has been supportive care, which includes<unk>  to relieve symptoms, fluid therapy, oxygen support and prone positioning as needed, and medications or devices to support other affected vital organs. Most cases of<unk> ‑19 are mild. In these, supportive care includes medication such as paracetamol or NSAIDs to relieve symptoms (fever, body aches, cough), proper intake of fluids, rest, and nasal breathing. Good personal hygiene and a healthy diet are also recommended. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that those who suspect they are carrying the virus isolate themselves at home and wear a face mask. People with more severe cases may need<unk>  in hospital. In those with low oxygen levels, use of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone is strongly recommended, as it can reduce the risk of death. Noninvasive ventilation and, ultimately, admission to an intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation may be required to support breathing. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to address the issue of respiratory failure, but its benefits are still under consideration. Some of the cases of severe disease course are caused by systemic hyper-inflammation, the so-called cytokine storm. Several experimental<unk> s are being actively studied in clinical trials. These include fluvoxamine, a cheap and widely available antidepressant; and the antivirals molnupiravir (developed by Merck), and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (developed by Pfizer). Others were thought to be promising early in the pandemic, such as hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, but later research found them to be ineffective or even harmful. Despite ongoing research, there is still not enough high-quality evidence to recommend so-called early<unk> . Nevertheless, in the United States, two monoclonal antibody-based therapies are available for early use in cases thought to be at high risk of progression to severe disease. The antiviral remdesivir is available in the U.S., Canada, Australia, and several other countries, with varying restrictions; however, it is not recommended for people needing mechanical ventilation, and is discouraged altogether by the World Health Organization (WHO), due to limited evidence of its efficacy. In November 2021, the UK approved the use of molnupiravir as a<unk> <unk>  for vulnerable patients recently diagnosed with the disease. Some people may experience persistent symptoms or disability after recovery from the infection; this is known as long<unk> . There is still limited information on the best management and rehabilitation for this condition. The WHO, the Chinese National Health Commission, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and the United States' National Institutes of Health, among other bodies and agencies worldwide, have all published recommendations and guidelines for taking care of people with<unk> ‑19. Intensivists and pulmonologists in the U.S. have compiled<unk>  recommendations from various agencies into a free resource, the IBCC.
Treatment and management of COVID-19
Influenza treatment
Investigations into the origin of COVID-19
Chinese government response to COVID-19
Singaporean measures against Middle East respiratory syndrome
Tuberculosis management
NHS COVID-19
Diagnosis of malaria