The long-term and short-term effects of cannabis use are associated with behavioral effects leading to a wide variety of effects on the body systems and physiological states.<unk>  is a paradoxical<unk>  characterized by<unk>  (persistent vomiting), as opposed to the better known antiemetic properties of<unk> s. Specifically,<unk>  takes the pattern of cyclical nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in the setting of chronic<unk>  use. The abdominal pain tends to be mild and diffused. There are three phases of<unk> : the prodromal phase, the hyperemetic phase, and the recovery phase. Prodromal phase The prodromal phase is characterized by mild symptoms of<unk> , including nausea, anxiety, mild discomfort, sweating, and increased thirst; symptoms are more severe in the morning. Prior to the use of compensatory exposure to hot water to treat symptoms, people sometimes increase their intake of<unk> s in an effort to treat the persistent nausea they experience. This phase can last for months or even years. Hyperemetic phase The hyperemetic phase is characterized by the full<unk> l symptoms of<unk> , including persistent nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and retching. Retching can occur up to 5 times per hour. Acute episodes of<unk><unk>  typically last for 24–48 hours. The symptoms experienced in this phase are cyclical, and can recur unpredictably in intervals of weeks to months. It is very difficult to take food or medicine by mouth during this stage, and patients may develop a fear of eating. Weight loss and dehydration due to decreased oral intake and vomiting are possible. It is during this hyperemetic phase that people with<unk>  are likely to present to the emergency department of the hospital for treatment. Treatment via hot water, sometimes for hours at a time, relieves symptoms for many patients, which can result in compulsive bathing or showering. People have described the hot water relief as "temperature-dependent," meaning that hotter temperatures provide greater relief. Recovery phase The recovery phase begins after the patient abstains from cannabis consumption, but the time for resolution of symptoms is unclear: it has been reported to occur within two weeks, or to take one to three months. Lost weight can be regained due to a restoration of normal oral intake, and compulsive bathing/showering can give way to normal patterns of behavior. If a person in this phase consumes cannabis again, their symptoms tend to come back. Relapses are common due to reinitiation of cannabis consumption, following which many people use or increase their use of cannabis due to concerns about nausea. Increased patient education may be necessary. Complications Two deaths were reported as complications of associated kidney failure and electrolyte disorders.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
Caffeinism
Nicotine poisoning
Alcohol flush reaction
Theobromine poisoning
Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome
Nicotine withdrawal