Genetic Some<unk> s are due to genetic mutations. For example, Huntington's disease is an inherited disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration. Huntington's disease results from a mutation in either copy of the HTT gene, which results in an abnormally folded protein. The accumulation of mutated proteins results in brain damage of the basal ganglia. Congenital/developmental defect Developing babies can suffer from birth defects that affect the formation of the nervous<unk> . For example, Anencephaly (or spina bifida) causes abnormalities in the nervous<unk>  due to neural tube defects. Cancer This figure illustrates how glioblastoma affects brain tissue. Specialized cells in the central nervous<unk> , such as glial cells, may proliferate abnormally and form gliomas. Glioblastoma is an aggressive form of glioma. Infection Pathogens like fungi, bacteria, and viruses can affect the nervous<unk> . For example, meningitis is a common infection of the central nervous<unk> , where bacterial or viral infections cause an inflammation of the meninges. Seizure disorder It is suspected that seizures occur because of synchronized brain activity. Epilepsy, for example, is characterized by an abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which causes repeated seizures. Vascular The brain is rich in blood vessels because it requires a lot of nutrients and oxygen. A stroke may result from a blood clot or hemorrhage. Degenerative This diagram shows the myelin sheath around axons of healthy neurons looks like, and the result of demyelination of neurons in Multiple Sclerosis. A neurodegenerative disease is a disease that causes damage to neurons. Examples of neurodegenerative disease include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. For example, multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease where the body initiate an inflammatory reaction in the central nervous<unk> , and causes damage to neurons. Neurodegneration is different in each disease; for example, MS is a result of a degenerative process called demyelination. On the other hand, Parkinson's disease results from damage of neurons in the Substantia Nigra, which is important to initiate motor behavior.
Nervous system disease
Central nervous system disease
Central nervous system tumor
Spinal disease
Basal ganglia disease
Stroke recovery
Cranial nerve disease
Neuromuscular disease