Tuberculosis<unk>  is often used to treat latent and active tuberculosis infections. In persons with<unk> -sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on<unk>  are usually effective when persons adhere to the prescribed treatment. However, in persons with<unk> -resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on<unk>  have a high rate of failure.<unk>  has been approved as prophylactic therapy for the following populations: * People with HIV infection and a PPD (purified protein derivative) reaction of at least 5 mm induration * Contacts of people with tuberculosis and who have a PPD reaction at least 5 mm induration * People whose PPD reactions convert from negative to positive in a two-year period – at least 10 mm induration for those up to 35 years of age, and at least 15 mm induration for those at least 35 years old * People with pulmonary damage on their chest X-ray that is likely to be due to healed tuberculosis and also have a PPD reaction at least 5 mm induration * Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative who have a PPD reaction at least 10 mm induration * People with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm induration who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities<unk>  can be used alone or in combination with Rifampin for treatment of latent tuberculosis, or as part of a four-drug regimen for treatment of active tuberculosis. The drug regimen typically requires daily or weekly oral administration for a period of three to nine months, often under Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) supervision. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria<unk>  was widely used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex as part of a regimen including rifampicin and ethambutol. Evidence suggests that<unk>  prevents mycolic acid synthesis in M. avium complex as in M. tuberculosis and although this is not bactericidal to M. avium complex, it greatly potentiates the effect of rifampicin. The introduction of macrolides led to this use greatly decreasing. However, since rifampicin is broadly underdosed in M. avium complex treatment this effect may be worth re-investigating. Special populations It is recommended that women with active tuberculosis who are pregnant or breastfeeding take<unk> . Preventive therapy should be delayed until after giving birth. Nursing mothers excrete a relatively low and non-toxic concentration of<unk>  in breast milk, and their babies are at low risk for side effects. Both pregnant women and infants being breastfed by mothers taking<unk>  should take vitamin B6 in its pyridoxine form to minimize the risk of peripheral nerve damage. Vitamin B6 is used to prevent<unk> -induced B6 deficiency and neuropathy in people with a risk factor, such as pregnancy, lactation, HIV infection, alcoholism, diabetes, kidney failure, or malnutrition. People with liver dysfunction are at a higher risk for hepatitis caused by<unk> , and may need a lower dose. Levels of liver enzymes in the bloodstream should be frequently checked in daily alcohol drinkers, pregnant women, IV drug users, people over 35, and those who have chronic liver disease, severe kidney dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, or HIV infection since they are more likely to develop hepatitis from<unk> .
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Safinamide
Ipriflavone
Pingyangmycin
Oxepanoprolinamide
Miproxifene