Sleep apnea can affect people regardless of sex, race, or age. However, risk factors include: * being male * obesity * age over 40 * large neck circumference (greater than 16–17 inches) * enlarged tonsils or tongue * narrow upper jaw * nasal congestion * allergies * receding chin * gastroesophageal reflux * a family history of sleep apnea Alcohol, sedatives and tranquilizers may also promote sleep apnea by relaxing throat muscles. People who smoke tobacco have sleep apnea at three times the rate of people who have never done so. Central sleep apnea is more often associated with any of the following risk factors: * being male * an age above 65 * having heart disorders such as atrial fibrillation or atrial septal defects such as PFO * stroke High blood pressure is very common in people with sleep apnea.
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