Absorption The absorption of<unk>  tablets and oral solution is rapid and essentially complete. The bioavailability of<unk>  is close to 100 percent, and the effect of food on absorption is minor. Distribution The volume of distribution of<unk>  is similar to total body water.<unk>  modestly binds to plasma proteins (less than 10%). Metabolism<unk>  does not undergo extensive metabolism, and the metabolites formed are not active and do not exert pharmacological activity. Metabolism of<unk>  is not by liver cytochrome P450 enzymes, but through other metabolic pathways such as hydrolysis and hydroxylation. Excretion In persons with normal kidney function,<unk>  is eliminated from the body primarily by the kidneys with about 66 percent of the original drug passed unchanged into urine. The plasma half-life of<unk>  in adults is about 6 to 8 hours. Analogues Brivaracetam, a chemical analogue to<unk> , is a racetam derivative with similar properties.
Levetiracetam
Piracetam
Phenylpiracetam
Mesuximide
Dimiracetam
Brivaracetam
Lamotrigine
Ethosuximide