Vaccines function by encouraging the creation of cells, such as CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, or molecules, such as antibodies, that are specific to the pathogen. The cells and molecules can either prevent or reduce infection by killing infected cells or by producing interleukins. The specific effectors evoked can be different based on the vaccine. Live<unk> s tend to help with the production of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T-dependent antibody responses. A vaccine is only effective for as long as the body maintains a population of these cells. Live<unk> s can induce long-term, possibly lifelong, immunity without requiring multiple vaccine doses. Live<unk> s can also induce cellular immune responses, which do not rely solely on antibodies but also involve immune cells such as cytotoxic T cells or macrophages.
Attenuated vaccine
Conjugate vaccine
Heterologous vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Synthetic vaccine
Subunit vaccine
Plant expressed vaccine
Genetically modified vaccine