<unk>  is surgery where the patient is sedated using hypnotherapy rather than traditional anaesthetics. It is claimed that hypnosis for anaesthesia has been used since the 1840s where it was pioneered by the surgeon James Braid. There are occasional media reports of surgery being conducted under hypnosis, but since these are not carried out under controlled conditions, nothing can be concluded from them. There is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of hypnosis in managing pain in other contexts, such as childbirth or post-operative pain.
Hypnosurgery
Electric acoustic stimulation
Somnoplasty
Cochlear implant
Transcranial direct-current stimulation
Pyrotherapy
Ignipuncture
Transcranial random noise stimulation