A completed<unk>  In a<unk> , the gastric fundus (upper part) of the stomach is wrapped, or plicated, around the lower end of the esophagus and stitched in place, reinforcing the closing function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The esophageal hiatus is also narrowed down by sutures to prevent or treat concurrent hiatal hernia, in which the fundus slides up through the enlarged esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. The surgeon should begin with ligating and dividing the short gastric arteries. In a<unk> , also called a complete<unk> , the fundus is wrapped the entire 360 degrees around the esophagus. In contrast, surgery for achalasia is generally accompanied by either a Dor or Toupet partial<unk> , which is less likely than a<unk>  wrap to aggravate the dysphagia that characterizes achalasia. In a Dor (anterior)<unk> , the fundus is laid over the top of the esophagus; while in a Toupet (posterior)<unk> , the fundus is wrapped around the back of the esophagus. The procedure can be performed with open surgery but is now routinely performed laparoscopically, as laparoscopic surgery has decreased post-operative complications and decreased hospital stay. When used to alleviate gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in patients with delayed gastric emptying, it is frequently combined with modification of the pylorus via pyloromyotomy or pyloroplasty. This procedure can also be completed robotically. Outcomes comparing laparoscopic<unk>  to robotic<unk>  show similar clinical outcomes, but robotic<unk>  is more likely to have an increased length of operative time and financial cost.
Nissen fundoplication
Transoral incisionless fundoplication
Pyloroplasty
Collis gastroplasty
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
Esophageal stent
Finney strictureplasty
Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery