How a<unk> forms in a leg. Figure A shows a normal<unk> with a working valve and normal blood flow. Figure B shows a<unk> with a deformed valve, abnormal blood flow, and thin, stretched walls. The middle image shows where<unk>  might appear in a leg. Comparison of healthy and<unk> <unk>  are more common in women than in men and are linked with heredity. Other related factors are pregnancy, obesity, menopause, aging, prolonged standing, leg injury and abdominal straining.<unk>  are unlikely to be caused by crossing the legs or ankles. Less commonly, but not exceptionally,<unk>  can be due to other causes, such as post-phlebitic obstruction or incontinence, venous and arteriovenous malformations. Venous reflux is a significant cause. Research has also shown the importance of pelvic<unk> reflux (PVR) in the development of<unk> .<unk>  in the legs could be due to ovarian<unk> reflux. Both ovarian and internal iliac<unk> reflux causes leg<unk> . This condition affects 14% of women with<unk>  or 20% of women who have had vaginal delivery and have leg<unk> . In addition, evidence suggests that failing to look for and treat pelvic<unk> reflux can be a cause of recurrent<unk> . There is increasing evidence for the role of incompetent perforator<unk>  (or "perforators") in the formation of<unk> . and recurrent<unk> .<unk>  could also be caused by hyperhomocysteinemia in the body, which can degrade and inhibit the formation of the three main structural components of the artery: collagen, elastin and the proteoglycans. Homocysteine permanently degrades cysteine disulfide bridges and lysine amino acid residues in proteins, gradually affecting function and structure. Simply put, homocysteine is a 'corrosive' of long-living proteins, i.e. collagen or elastin, or lifelong proteins, i.e. fibrillin. These long-term effects are difficult to establish in clinical trials focusing on groups with existing artery decline. Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome and Parkes Weber syndrome are relevant for differential diagnosis. Another cause is chronic alcohol consumption due to the vasodilatation side effect in relation to gravity and blood viscosity.
Varicose veins
Peripheral artery disease
Veinoplus
Peripheral neuropathy
Pseudothrombophlebitis
Pump thrombosis
Superficial vein thrombosis
Purpura