Rates of<unk>  differ between devices (e.g., stent-grafts, balloon angioplasty, etc.) and location of procedure (i.e., centrally located in the heart, such as the coronary artery, or in peripheral vessels such as the popliteal artery in the leg, the pudendal artery in the pelvis, or the carotid artery in the neck). Rates in cardiac procedures In cardiac procedures, balloon angioplasty without stent implantation has been associated with a high incidence of<unk> , with rates ranging from 25% to 50%, and the majority of these patients need further angioplasty within 6 months. A 2010 study in India comparing coronary drug-eluting stents (DES) with coronary bare-metal stents (BMS) reported that<unk>  developed in 23.1% of DES patients vs 48.8% in BMS patients, and female sex was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for developing<unk> . However, in newer-generation DES and BMS the<unk>  rates are much lower. For example, the NORSTENT trial, presented in 2016, reports target-lesion revascularization rates of 5.3% and 10.3% for DES and BMS respectively. Rates in peripheral procedures In peripheral procedures, rates are still high. A 2003 study of selective and systematic stenting for limb-threatening ischemia reported<unk>  rates at 1 year follow-up in 32.3% of selective stenting patients and 34.7% of systematic stenting patients. The 2006 SIROCCO trial compared the sirolimus drug-eluting stent with a bare nitinol stent for atherosclerotic lesions of the subsartorial artery, reporting<unk>  at 2 year follow-up was 22.9% and 21.1%, respectively. A 2009 study compared bare nitinol stents with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in subsartorial artery disease. At 1 year follow-up,<unk>  was reported in 34.4% of stented patients versus 61.1% of PTA patients.
Restenosis
Side strain
Splenosis
Dysplasia
Cavitation 
Subluxation
Anaplasia
Friction