<unk>  or<unk>  abstinence syndrome (NAS) or<unk>  opioid<unk>  syndrome (NOWS) is a<unk>  syndrome of infants after birth caused by in utero exposure to drugs of dependence, most commonly opioids. Common signs and symptoms include tremors, irritability, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. NAS is primarily diagnosed with a detailed medication history and scoring systems. First-line treatment should begin with non-medication interventions to support neonate growth, though medication interventions may be used in certain situations. In 2017, approximately 7.3 per 1,000 hospitalized infants in the United States were diagnosed with NOWS. Not all opioid-exposed infants will show clinical signs of<unk>  after birth. Clinical signs range from mild to severe, depending on the quantity and type of substance exposure. The most common form on<unk>  occurs after in utero exposure, however, iatrogenic<unk>  can also occur after medications are used to treat critically ill infants after they are born.
Neonatal withdrawal
Traumatic asphyxia
Neonatal encephalopathy
Positional asphyxia
Shaken baby syndrome
Neonatal seizure
Neonatal stroke
Emergence delirium