95% of untreated infants with<unk> S die in the first weeks of life. Early survival has improved since the introduction of the Norwood procedure. Since there are no long-term studies of<unk> S adults, statistics are usually derived from post-Fontan patients; it is estimated that 70% of<unk> S patients may reach adulthood. Prognosis is dependent upon the<unk> h of the child, as there is an increased demand on respiratory and<unk>  rate in infants during common childhood illnesses. This fragile population has little cardiac reserve to accommodate these demands and provide hemodynamic stability during illnesses. Children with<unk> S and other comparable single-ventricle conditions, as a group, have poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes than their<unk> hy peers. Deficits in language, executive functioning, and higher rates of anxiety and depression disorders have been demonstrated. Some of these outcomes may be a consequence of genetic factors associated with<unk> S, and others may be modifiable through changes to procedures and to the<unk> hcare environment. There is an emerging clinical consensus around the importance of continuous neurodevelopmental surveillance from the earliest years into adulthood. Additionally, a recent meta-analysis comparing twenty-two studies showed that 64.7% of the studies reported delayed motor development in children with single ventricle physiologies, such as<unk> . As is true for patients with other types of<unk>  defects involving malformed valves,<unk> S patients run a high risk of endocarditis, and must be monitored by a cardiologist for the rest of their lives to check on their<unk>  function.<unk>  transplantation may be indicated, typically after Fontan completion. One multi-center study (of patients undergoing the Fontan from 1993-2001) reported a 76% 1-year survival rate in patients who survived to transplant.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia
Double aortic arch
Pulmonary atresia
Double outlet right ventricle
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia