Various studies have shown that insertion and use of the standard tracheal<unk>  is easy, providing a clear airway in the majority of cases. Comparative studies indicate that the standard<unk>  is generally as effective as the<unk>  mask airway, while some studies indicate that the Pro-seal<unk>  mask may be more effective than the standard<unk>  under controlled ventilation conditions in general anaesthesia. The indications and contraindications for use of the<unk>  are similar to those of the<unk>  mask airway and include the use in general anaesthesia for minor surgical operations. Several studies describe the usefulness of the device in securing a difficult airway, even in cases where insertion of the<unk>  mask had failed. The double-lumen<unk> -Suction II, with the possibility of placing a gastric<unk> , has been found to have distinct advantages over the standard<unk>  and has been recommended as a first-line device to secure the airway in emergency situations when direct laryngoscopy fails in neonates and infants. The<unk>  is also recommended for medical personnel not experienced in tracheal intubation, and as a rescue device when intubation has failed in adults. According to the manufacturer the use of<unk> s is contraindicated in people with an intact gag reflex, known oesophageal disease, and people who have ingested caustic substances.
Laryngeal tube
Electrolarynx
Cragie tube
Combitube
Laryngeal mask airway
Nasal cannula
Tracheal tube
Tympanostomy tube