Among the causes of<unk>  are the following: The relationship between etiologic factors, genetic predisposition, and the pace of disease progression requires further clarification, though recent research indicates smoking may be a high-risk factor to develop<unk> . In a small group of patients<unk>  has been shown to be hereditary. Almost all patients with cystic fibrosis have established<unk> , usually from birth. Cystic fibrosis gene mutations have also been identified in patients with<unk>  but in whom there were no other manifestations of cystic fibrosis. Obstruction of the pancreatic duct because of either a benign or malignant process may result in<unk> .
Chronic pancreatitis
Hereditary pancreatitis
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Periampullary cancer
Pancreatic abscess
Acute pancreatitis
Biliary pseudolithiasis
Gallstone ileus