<unk>  is a preoperative procedure performed in interventional radiology to initiate hypertrophy of the anticipated future liver remnant a couple weeks prior to a major liver resection procedure. Future liver remnant (FLR) is defined as the predicted volume of functional liver after resection. There are specific FLR thresholds depending on the status of the liver (otherwise normal, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, etc) that are required for safe liver resection. When the predicted FLR is below threshold,<unk>  may increase the FLR and bring it to threshold. The majority of preoperative<unk> s usually target the right portal<unk>  in preparation of a major right-sided resection. Though rare, the left portal<unk>  may be embolized prior to a left-sided resection. The increase in FLR is a result of cellular hyperplasia and not cellular hypertrophy. This means that it is an increase in the number of hepatocytes that accounts for the growth rather than the increase in size of existing hepatocytes. The liver is unique in that it is an organ with regenerative potential. When blood flow to one section of the liver is occluded in<unk> , the flow is diverted to other areas and this increase in blood flow stimulates the regenerative response. Regeneration begins within hours of occlusion and factors important to this response include hepatocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, among others. The expected increase in FLR is approximately 10 percent; greater increases after four to six weeks can be observed, albeit at a lower rate of growth. An increase in FLR of greater than five percent for a normal liver and 10 percent for a cirrhotic liver is considered adequate and is associated with a reduced risk of post-resection liver failure.
Portal vein embolization
Hepatic artery embolization
Hepatic artery thrombosis
Portal vein thrombosis
Thrombectomy
Fibrinolysis syndrome
Percutaneous hepatic perfusion
Embolization