The<unk>  manifests itself in the form of uncontrollable<unk> ng in response to a stimulus which would not produce a<unk>  in people without the trait. The<unk> s generally occur in bursts of 1 to 10<unk> s, followed by a refractory period that can be as long as 24 hours.<unk> <unk> ng A<unk><unk>  results from exposure to a bright light and is the most common manifestation of the<unk> . This reflex seems to be caused by a change in light intensity rather than by a specific wavelength of light. A study conducted by the School of Optometry at the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that, among the sample tested, females represent 67% of<unk><unk> rs, and Caucasians represent 94%. The study also found statistically significant correlations between<unk> <unk> ng and the presence of a deviated nasal septum. Further studies have revealed this mechanism to be inherited. Response to periocular injection Even less well understood than<unk> <unk> ng is<unk> ng in response to periocular injection, the trait appears to be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.During surgeries in and around the eye, such as corneal transplant surgery, the patient often requires injection of a local anesthetic into the eye. In patients who show the<unk> , an injection into the eye, such as that undergone in a retrobulbar or peribulbar block, can often elicit a<unk>  from the patient. During these procedures, the patient may be sedated prior to the periocular injection. The patient begins to<unk>  just as the needle is inserted into the eye, often resulting in the anesthesiologist having to remove the needle before injecting the local anesthetic.<unk> ng after eating A condition called gustatory rhinitis can cause some individuals to<unk>  after eating, particularly after the consumption of spicy foods. Stomach fullness is another example of a stimulus that can cause uncontrollable<unk> ng. Those who exhibit this symptom or disorder, called snatiation, undergo uncontrollable fits of 3–15<unk> s immediately after eating large meals that completely fill the stomach, regardless of the type of food eaten. Snatiation is not believed to be an allergic reaction of any kind.
Photic sneeze reflex
Pharyngeal reflex
Snout reflex
Pressure of speech
Alaryngeal speech
Palmomental reflex
Tonic labyrinthine reflex
Chaddock reflex