Youth treatment and intervention should focus on eliminating or reducing the effects of adverse childhood experiences, like childhood maltreatment, since these are common risk factors contributing to the early development of<unk> . Approaches like contingency management and motivational interviewing have shown to be effective means of treating substance use disorder in impulsive adolescents by focusing on positive rewards and redirecting them towards healthier goals. Educating youth about what is considered heavy drinking along with helping them focus on their own drinking behaviors has been shown to effectively change their perceptions of drinking and could potentially help them to avoid<unk> . Completely stopping the use of alcohol, or "abstinence", is the ideal goal of treatment. The motivation required to achieve abstinence is dynamic; family, friends and health practitioners play a role in affecting this motivation. Some people who<unk>  alcohol may be able to reduce the amount they drink, also called "drinking in moderation". If this method does not work, the person may need to try abstinence. Abstinence has been regularly achieved by many alcoholics in Alcoholics Anonymous. Mindfulness-based intervention programs (that encourage people to be aware of their own experiences in the present moment and of emotions that arise from thoughts) can reduce the consumption of alcohol. A major barrier to seeking treatment for those struggling with<unk>  is the stigma associated with<unk>  itself. Those who struggle with<unk>  are less likely to utilize substance (or<unk>  treatment services when they perceived higher stigma with<unk> . The stigmatization of individuals who<unk>  alcohol has been linked to increased levels of depression, increased levels of anxiety, decreased levels of self-esteem, and poor sleeping habits. While negative thoughts and views around the subject of<unk>  can keep those struggling with this issue from seeking the treatment they need, there have been several things that have been found to reduce this stigma. Social support can be an effective tool for counteracting the harmful effects of stigma and shame on those struggling with<unk> . Social support can help push those struggling with<unk>  to overcome the negative connotation associated with their struggle and finally seek the treatment that they need.
Alcohol abuse
Alcoholism
Alcohol dependence
Alcohol intolerance
Recreational drug use
Polysubstance use
Drug use
Childhood trauma