The<unk>  <unk> , formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, is one of the nine known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common<unk> es in humans.<unk>  is a double-stranded DNA<unk> . It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis ("mono" or "glandular fever"). It is also associated with various non-malignant, premalignant, and malignant<unk> -associated lymphoproliferative diseases such as Burkitt lymphoma, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and Hodgkin's lymphoma; non-lymphoid malignancies such as gastric cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency<unk>  such as hairy leukoplakia and central nervous system lymphomas. The<unk>  is also associated with the childhood disorders of Alice in Wonderland syndrome and acute cerebellar ataxia and, based on some evidence, higher risks of developing certain autoimmune diseases, especially dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome. About 200,000 cancer cases globally per year are thought to be attributable to<unk> . In 2022, a large study (population of 10 million over 20 years) suggested<unk>  as the leading cause of multiple sclerosis, with a recent<unk>  infection causing a 32-fold increase in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. Infection with<unk>  occurs by the oral transfer of saliva and genital secretions. Most people become infected with<unk>  and gain adaptive immunity. In the United States, about half of all five-year-old children and about 90% of adults have evidence of previous infection. Infants become susceptible to<unk>  as soon as maternal antibody protection disappears. Many children become infected with<unk> , and these infections usually cause no symptoms or are indistinguishable from the other mild, brief illnesses of childhood. In the United States and other developed countries, many people are not infected with<unk>  in their childhood years. When infection with<unk>  occurs during adolescence, it causes infectious mononucleosis 35 to 50% of the time.<unk>  infects B cells of the immune system and epithelial cells. Once<unk> 's initial lytic infection is brought under control,<unk>  latency persists in the individual's memory B cells for the rest of their life.
Epstein–Barr virus
Cytomegalovirus
Human herpesvirus 6
Human T-lymphotropic virus
Human T-lymphotropic virus 2
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
Oncolytic adenovirus
Human betaherpesvirus 5