Signs of<unk>  detectable on clinical examination can be divided into those that are associated with the diagnosis of<unk> , associated with decompensation, and associated with the cause.<unk>  * Nail clubbing * Palmar erythema * Spider nevi (angiomata) * Gynaecomastia * Feminising hair distribution * Testicular atrophy * Small irregular shrunken<unk>  * Anaemia * Caput medusae Decompensation * Drowsiness (encephalopathy) * Hyperventilation (encephalopathy) * Metabolic flap/asterixis (encephalopathy) * Jaundice (excretory dysfunction) * Ascites (portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia) * Leukonychia (hypoalbuminaemia) * Peripheral oedema (hypoalbuminaemia) * Bruising (coagulopathy) * Acid-base imbalance, most commonly respiratory alkalosis Signs associated with the cause * Dupuytren's contracture (alcohol) * Parotid enlargement (alcohol) * Peripheral neuropathy (alcohol and some drugs) * Cerebellar signs (alcohol and Wilson's<unk>  *<unk>  enlargement (alcohol, NAFLD, haemochromatosis) * Kayser-Fleisher rings (Wilson's<unk>  * Increased pigmentation of the skin (haemochromatosis) * Signs of right heart failure Note that other<unk> s can involve the<unk>  and cause hepatomegaly but would not be considered part of the spectrum of<unk> . Some examples of this would include chronic cancers with<unk>  metastases, infiltrative haematological disorders such as chronic lymphoproliferative conditions, chronic myeloid leukaemias, myelofibrosis and metabolic abnormalities such as Gaucher's<unk>  and glycogen storage<unk> s. Complications * Portal hypertension * Ascites * Hypersplenism (with or without splenomegaly) * Lower oesophageal varices and rectal varices * Synthetic dysfunction * Hypoalbuminaemia * Coagulopathy * Hepatopulmonary syndrome * Hepatorenal syndrome * Encephalopathy * Hepatocellular carcinoma
Chronic liver disease
Chronic kidney disease
Liver disease
Cirrhosis
Alcoholic liver disease
Fatty liver disease
Chronic critical illness
Hepatitis