<unk>  is one of the most common heritable genetic conditions in people of Northern Europe, with a prevalence of 1:200. The disease has a variable penetration, and about one in 10 people of this demographic carry a mutation in one of the genes regulating iron metabolism. In the U.S., the frequency of the C282Y and H63D mutations is 5.4% and 13.5%, respectively. Whereas, the worldwide frequency of the C282Y and H63D mutations is about 1.9% and 8.1%, respectively, so mutation in H63D allele are more than C282Y allele. The prevalence of mutations in iron-metabolism genes varies in different populations. A study of 3,011 unrelated white Australians found that 14% were heterozygous carriers of an HFE mutation, 0.5% were homozygous for an HFE mutation, and only 0.25% of the study population had clinically relevant iron overload. Most patients who are homozygous for HFE mutations do not manifest clinically relevant<unk>  (see Genetics above). Other populations have a lower prevalence of both the genetic mutation and the clinical disease. It is the most frequent genetic disease in the U.S. with a prevalence of 1:300 in the non-Hispanic white population, It is 2-3 times most common in males. Genetics studies suggest the original<unk>  mutation arose in a single person, possibly of Celtic ethnicity, who lived 60–70 generations ago. At that time, when dietary iron may have been scarcer than today, the presence of the mutant allele may have provided an evolutionary advantage by maintaining higher iron levels in the blood. The distribution of the C282Y variant was noted in various countries. Non-HFE associated<unk> , as<unk>  type 2,<unk>  type 3,<unk>  type 4 and<unk>  type 5, were discovered in Mediterranean countries. On the other side, Northern European ancestry is closely linked to<unk>  disease (HFE). In one study, over 93% of Irish patients with HFE C282Y mutation were homozygotic. The G320V mutation in the HJV gene, which produces hemojuvelin protein, is widely distributed in central Europe and Greece.
Hereditary haemochromatosis
Hemochromatosis type 4
Juvenile hemochromatosis
Haemochromatosis type 3
Aceruloplasminemia
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Familial cirrhosis
Wilson's disease