<unk>  requires microsurgery and must be performed within several hours of the part's amputation, at a center with specialized equipment, surgeons and supporting staff. To improve the chances of a successful<unk> , it is necessary to preserve the amputate as soon as possible in a cool (close to freezing, but not at or below freezing) and sterile or clean environment. Parts should be wrapped with moistened gauze and placed inside a clean or sterile bag floating in ice water. Dry ice should not be used as it can result in freezing of the tissue. There are so called sterile "Amputate-Bags" available which help to perform a dry, cool and sterile preservation. Parts without major muscle groups, such as the fingers, have been replanted up to 94 hours later, although 12 hours is typically the maximum ischemic time tolerated. Parts that contain major muscle groups, such as the arms, need to be replanted within 6–8 hours to have a viable limb. It is also important to collect and to preserve those amputates which do not appear to be good candidates for<unk> . A microsurgeon needs all available parts of human tissue to cover the wound at the stump and prevent further shortening. In cases of multiple amputation, nerves and vessels from a non-replantable part can be used as graft material for a replanted part. The repair of the nerves and vessels (artery and vein) of the amputated part is essential for survival and function of the replanted part of the body. Using an operating microscope for<unk>  is termed microvascular<unk> . However, vessels and nerves of large amputated parts (e.g. arm and forearm) may be reconnected using loupe or no magnification. In<unk>  surgery following macro-amputation (e.g. arm or leg amputation) maximal length of the replanted extremity can be preserved by vascular grafts for blood supply and pedicled or free soft tissue flaps for defect coverage.
Replantation
Autotransplantation
Allotransplantation
Implantation 
Microtransplantation
Xenotransplantation
Organ transplantation
Hand transplantation