<unk>  is a rapidly worsening brain disease. Symptoms of<unk>  may include vomiting, personality changes, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. While liver toxicity typically occurs in the syndrome, jaundice usually does not. Death occurs in 20–40% of those affected, and about a third of those who survive are left with a significant degree of brain damage. The cause of<unk>  is unknown. It usually begins shortly after recovery from a viral infection, such as influenza or chickenpox. About 90% of cases in children are associated with aspirin (salicylate) use. Inborn errors of metabolism are also a risk factor. The syndrome is associated with changes on blood tests such as a high blood ammonia level, low blood sugar level, and prolonged prothrombin time. Often, the liver is enlarged in the syndrome. Prevention is typically by avoiding the use of aspirin in children. When aspirin was withdrawn for use in children in the US and UK in the 1980s, a decrease of more than 90% in rates of<unk>  was seen. Early diagnosis of the syndrome improves outcomes. Treatment is supportive; mannitol may be used to help with the brain swelling. The first detailed description of<unk>  was in 1963 by Australian pathologist Douglas<unk> . The syndrome most commonly affects children. It affects fewer than one in a million children a year. The general recommendation to use aspirin in children was withdrawn because of<unk> , with use only recommended in Kawasaki disease.
Reye syndrome
Zaki syndrome
Kenny-Caffey syndrome
Mungan syndrome
Karak syndrome
Akureyri disease
Sotos syndrome
Eiken syndrome