electroencephalogram (EEG) of the mesial temporal lobe of a patient in seizure.alt Although the understanding of the exact causes of<unk> s is currently not fully known, a commonly understood mechanism is that this epilepsy is associated with emotional responses to music rather than the music itself. Specifically, music creates an emotional response that is activated by the limbic areas. This emotional effect of the music then triggers the increase of dopamine in the different parts of the brain, eventually leading to hyperexcitation, which is an abnormal excitation of neurons, and generation of seizures in those areas when there is a dysfunction in this system. This notion is supported by many functional imaging studies like fMRI, PET scan, and clinical studies which suggested that patients of the<unk>  often express emotional feelings before the onset of the seizure. Fig.1 A diagram that shows the process involved in the auditory sensory relay from air vibrations from music to the primary auditory cortex Emotional associations of music The general relationship of the association between emotion and music is that after the auditory sensory relay of the musical information to the primary auditory cortex (shown in figure 1), the hippocampal connection in the brain encodes the association of positive/negative emotions with certain music in the memory. Given this memory, when a person receives musical information from the environment, the hippocampus relays the emotional information related to that music to the mesolimbic system, which regulates the association of emotion and dopamine release. These connections between the hippocampus, mesolimbic system, and auditory cortex provide a possible mechanism of music-induced seizure by helping the brain to relate music to emotion and dopamine release. Dysfunction in this sensory relay network leads to an abnormal release of dopamine, eventually inducing hyperexcitability of neurons and seizure when certain music is heard. Moreover, scientists discovered that there are other parts of the brain like basolateral amygdala involved in this connection between music, emotion, and seizure. Hence, this suggests that the mechanism behind<unk>  still remains obscure and more research is required to fully understand it.
Musicogenic seizure
Reflex seizure
Post-traumatic seizure
Non-epileptic seizure
Gelastic seizure
Febrile seizure
Musicogenic epilepsy
Absence seizure