Hair cells Hair cells and supporting cells are both located in the cochlea inside the<unk> <unk> . In mammals, hair cells are located in the Organ of Corti and convert energy from sound waves and physical movement into electrical signals. This is accomplished through integrating neurons with hair cells that transmit signals to the auditory nerve. There are three rows of outer hair cells and one row of<unk>  hair cells on the Organ of Corti. 95% of neurons that transmit signals to the auditory nerve are connected to<unk>  hair cells, making<unk>  hair cells mainly responsible for auditory sensory input. While<unk>  hair cells are the sensory receptors, outer hair cells are the efferent receptors and are important in fine-tuning sensory input by contracting and relaxing to alter the tectorial membrane on the surface of the hair cells. Uncoiled cochlea with basilar membrane Supporting cells Supporting cells are critical for maintaining<unk> <unk>  sensory cells. They reside both on the surface and throughout the epithelium of the<unk> <unk> , communicating through gap junctions. Supporting cells are critical for maintaining the physical structure of the<unk> <unk> , as well as maintaining the environment of the sensory epithelium of the<unk> <unk> . Maintaining appropriate ion concentrations and pH in the<unk> <unk>  epithelium is important for hair cells to initiate action potentials to transmit signals to the brain. Supporting cells are also responsible for removing damaged hair cells from the<unk> <unk> . Outer hair cell and Deiter's cell Hair cells and most supporting cells are ectoderm-derived. The main types of supporting cells are Hensen’s cells, Deiters’ cells, Claudius cells,<unk>  phalangeal cells, and<unk>  and outer pillar cells. Hensen’s cells, Deiter’s cells, and outer hair cells make up the outer tunnel and are mainly responsible for allowing hair cells to function. Hensen’s cells are columnar in shape, have many phagosomes in their cytoplasm and contain lipid droplets that correlate with the extent of their<unk> vation. Deiters’ cells are attached to outer hair cells. They have phalanges that extend to create tight junctions with nearby outer hair cells. Because Deiters’ cells<unk> act with outer hair cells, they play a key role in coordinating shifts and mechanical force between outer hair cells.
Inner ear regeneration
Lens regeneration
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Tooth gemination
Vitreomacular adhesion
Ophthalmic drug administration
Protruding ear
Tooth regeneration