Surgery Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for<unk>  sterilization or permanent birth control. During the procedure, the vasa deferentia of a man are severed, and then tied or sealed to prevent sperm from entering into the seminal stream (ejaculate). Vasectomies are usually performed in a physician's office or medical clinic. CDC research has estimated there is a probability of 11 failures per 1,000 procedures over 2 years; half of the failures occurred in the first three months after the vasectomy, and no failures occurred after 72 weeks. Due to the presence of sperm retained beyond the blocked vasa deferentia, vasectomies only become effective about three months following the operation. With perfect use, the Pearl Index is 0.1. With typical use, it is 0.15. Condoms A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device that may be used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy. It is rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and blocks ejaculated semen from entering the sexual partner's reproductive system. With perfect use, the pregnancy rate of condoms is 2% and the Pearl Index is 3. With typical use, it is 14. Condoms may be combined with other forms of contraception (such as spermicide) for greater protection. The typical use pregnancy rate among condom users varies depending on the population being studied, ranging from 10 to 18%. Withdrawal The withdrawal method is a behavior that involves halting penile-vaginal intercourse to remove the penis out and away from the vagina prior to ejaculation. Pulling out is a popular<unk>  behavior that many couples use because of convenience, dissatisfaction with other methods, it's free of expense, and has constant availability. Failure rate varies with population studied, but withdrawal is overall not considered to be efficacious enough to be the sole method of pregnancy prevention being utilized. The accepted rate of failure is about 4% with perfect use at every act of intercourse, but the failure rate with typical use ranges in between 18% and 27% With perfect use, the Pearl Index of this method is 1 to 9. With typical use, it is 20. Retrograde ejaculation Intentional retrograde ejaculation (coitus saxonicus) is a primitive form of<unk>  birth control. It involves squeezing the urethra at the base or applying pressure to the perineum during orgasm. However, the practice is not considered a reliable method compared to most modern types of birth control. Natural methods : hormonal and thermal<unk>  rings A<unk>  threshold has been defined for men in 2007. Whether using the thermal or hormonal method, this threshold amounts to 1 million spermatozoa per milliliter in one ejaculate. Out of the 50 couples that were observed over 537 cycles, only one pregnancy occurred due to poor use of the method. The Pearl Index would thus be lower than 0,5 and this contraception method can be considered efficient according to the WHO standards. Heat-based contraception implies keeping testicles over 37°C, and is also called the thermal method. It consists in slightly raising the temperature of the testicles by exposing them to the heat of the body. One way of applying it involves wearing special underwear. A group in France called Collectif Thomas Bouloù have been testing it intensively for a few years. Over a thousand men are currently using the thermal method in France. With perfect use, its Pearl Index is 0.6. With typical use, it is 0.8.
Male contraceptive
Antiprogestogen
Phytoprogestogen
Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
Spermicide
Nonsteroidal estrogen
High-dose estrogen
Pessary