Before commencing treatment, there should<unk> initive diagnosis of the underlying cause for<unk> . This is particularly the case in older patients, who are most susceptible to colorectal cancer and the gastrointestinal bleeding it often causes. In adults, 60% of patients with<unk>  anemia may have underlying gastrointestinal disorders leading to chronic blood loss. It is likely that the cause of the<unk>  will need treatment as well. Upon diagnosis, the condition can be treated with<unk>  supplements. The choice of supplement will depend upon both the severity of the condition, the required speed of improvement (e.g. if awaiting elective surgery) and the likelihood of treatment being effective (e.g. if the patient has underlying IBD, is undergoing dialysis, or is having ESA therapy). Examples of oral<unk>  that are often used are ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, or amino acid chelate tablets. Recent research suggests the replacement dose of<unk> , at least in the elderly with<unk> , may be as little as 15 mg per day of elemental<unk> . Food sources Mild<unk>  can be prevented or corrected by eating<unk> -rich foods and by cooking in an<unk>  skillet. Because<unk>  is a requirement for most plants and animals, a wide range of foods provide<unk> . Good sources of dietary<unk>  have heme-iron, as this is most easily absorbed and is not inhibited by medication or other dietary components. Three examples are red meat, poultry, and insects. Non-heme sources do contain<unk> , though it has reduced bioavailability. Examples are lentils, beans, leafy vegetables, pistachios, tofu, fortified bread, and fortified breakfast cereals.<unk>  from different foods is absorbed and processed differently by the body; for instance,<unk>  in meat (heme-iron source) is more easily absorbed than<unk>  in grains and vegetables ("non-heme"<unk>  sources). Minerals and chemicals in one type of food may also inhibit absorption of<unk>  from another type of food eaten at the same time. For example, oxalates and phytic acid form insoluble complexes which bind<unk>  in the gut before it can be absorbed. Because<unk>  from plant sources is less easily absorbed than the heme-bound<unk>  of animal sources, vegetarians and vegans should have a somewhat higher total daily<unk>  intake than those who eat meat, fish or poultry. Legumes and dark-green leafy vegetables like broccoli, kale and Asian greens are especially good sources of<unk>  for vegetarians and vegans. However, spinach and Swiss chard contain oxalates which bind<unk> , making it almost entirely unavailable for absorption.<unk>  from non-heme sources is more readily absorbed if consumed with foods that contain either heme-bound<unk>  or vitamin C. This is due to a hypothesised "meat factor" which enhances<unk>  absorption. Following are two tables showing the richest foods in heme and non-heme<unk> . In both tables, . Arbitrarily, the guideline is set at 18 mg, which is the USDA Recommended Dietary Allowance for women aged between 19 and 50. +Abstract: richest foods in heme<unk>  Food Serving size<unk>  % guideline clam 100g 28 mg 155% pork liver 100g 18 mg 100% lamb kidney 100g 12 mg 69% cooked oyster 100g 12 mg 67% cuttlefish 100g 11 mg 60% lamb liver 100g 10 mg 57% octopus 100g 9.5 mg 53% mussel 100g 6.7 mg 37% beef liver 100g 6.5 mg 36% beef heart 100g 6.4 mg 35% +Abstract: richest foods in non-heme<unk>  Food Serving size<unk>  % guideline raw yellow beans 100g 7 mg 35% spirulina 15g 4.3 mg 24% falafel 140g 4.8 mg 24% soybean kernels 125ml=1/2cup 4.6 mg 23% spinach 125g 4.4 mg 22% lentil 125ml=1/2cup 3.5 mg 17.5% treacle (CSR Australia) 20ml=1Tbsp 3.4 mg 17% molasses (Bluelabel Australia) 20ml=1Tbsp 1.8 mg 9% candied ginger root 15g~3p 1.7 mg 8.5% toasted sesame seeds 10g 1.4 mg 7% cocoa (dry powder) 5g~1Tbsp .8 mg 4% Food recommendations for children Children at 6 months should start having solid food that contains enough<unk> , which could be found in both heme and non-heme<unk>  Heme<unk> : * Red meat (for example, beef, pork, lamb, goat, or venison) * Fatty fish * Poultry (for example, chicken or turkey) * Eggs Non-heme<unk> : *<unk> -fortified infant cereals * Tofu * Beans and lentils * Dark green leafy vegetables<unk>  can have serious health consequences that diet may not be able to quickly correct; hence, an<unk>  supplement is often necessary if the<unk>  has become symptomatic. Blood transfusion Blood transfusion is sometimes used to treat<unk>  with hemodynamic instability. Sometimes transfusions are considered for people who have chronic<unk>  or who will soon go to surgery, but even if such people have low hemoglobin, they should be given oral treatment or intravenous<unk> . ;Intravenous<unk>  therapy for non-anaemic,<unk> -deficient adults Current evidence is limited to base any recommendations that intravenous<unk>  therapy is beneficial for treating non-anaemic,<unk> -deficient adults. Further research in this area is needed as current body of evidence is very low quality.
Iron deficiency
Zinc deficiency
Zinc toxicity
Manganese deficiency 
Iron metabolism disorder
Folate deficiency
Copper deficiency
Cerebral folate deficiency