alt The diagnosis of<unk>  can use many techniques to determine if the condition is present, a clinical prediction rule is available to guide diagnosis. Among the diagnostic techniques are: * Doppler ultrasound study of the kidneys * Refractory hypertension * Auscultation (with stethoscope) - bruit ("rushing" sound) * Captopril challenge test * Captopril test dose effect on the differential renal function as measured by MAG3 scan. * Renal<unk> <unk> ogram. The specific criteria for<unk>  on Doppler are an acceleration time of greater than 70 milliseconds, an acceleration index of less than 300 cm/sec² and a velocity ratio of the renal<unk>  to aorta of greater than 3.5.
Renal artery stenosis
Renovascular hypertension
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor
Hypertensive kidney disease
Benign nephrosclerosis
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal vein thrombosis
Primary aldosteronism