The full spine immobilisation (splint) is performed with: a rigid cervical collar, a<unk>  ,and a stretcher under it (the longitudinal stiffness of the<unk>  alone is not sufficient). Preparation of the<unk>  preparation of the<unk>  The<unk>  is put on a stretcher or possibly on a long spine board. The straps are put under the<unk> , along its side, so they do not reach the ground. Then, the polystyrene balls are distributed evenly through the<unk>  by shaking its surface. (A section with fewer balls would be less rigid, conversely if balls are concentrated at any given point this becomes more rigid.) A sheet is put on the<unk> , folded so it will be possible to pull it to wrap the casualty into using an S-fold and finally a team member should double-check the pump (manual or electrical) is set to either pump air out of the bag. Moulding the<unk>  moulding of the<unk>  There are three ways to put the casualty on the<unk> : * lifting the casualty and pushing the stretcher under it. This method requires a minimum of five team members (four lifting and one pushing the stretcher) and should be used when a spine or a pelvis trauma are suspected; * the casualty is lifted with a scoop stretcher. The scoop stretcher is put on the<unk>  and opened to release the casualty; * the casualty is lifted on a long spine board. The board is put on the<unk>  and the casualty is lifted (best with four team members) and one team member removes the board. In all cases, the<unk>  valve is up and at the feet of the casualty. Once the casualty is on the<unk> , the sheet is wrapped around him/her and the sides of the<unk>  are folded against their body. The top of the head must be kept clear (the<unk>  could retract when pumping out the air and thus compress the spine). The air is pumped until the<unk>  is rigid, then the valve is closed and the straps are fastened. When only three team members are available and there is no scoop stretcher, the following procedure can be used: # the<unk>  is put besides the casualty, on a protecting ground sheet, and partially depressed (three manual pumping) to make it more rigid and thinner. A sheet is put on the<unk> , closer to the casualty; # the casualty is put on their side, with a procedure that is similar to the recovery position; # the team member at the legs pushes the<unk>  against the back of the casualty. The ground sheet helps to slide the<unk>  on the floor; # the casualty is put on their back, overlapping the side of the<unk> ; # the casualty is centred on the<unk> ; the sheet helps sliding the casualty on the<unk> ; # the straps are tied to mould the<unk> . The team leader moulds the sides of the head manually; # the air is pumped; # a long spine board is placed along the axis of the<unk> . Two team members face each other and hold the<unk> 's handles at the head and at the thighs. They lift a few centimetres, the ground sheet is removed and the board is slid under the<unk>  to ensure longitudinal rigidity; # the board can then be lifted (with the<unk>  on it), and put on the stretcher. While the lifting methods can induce a flexing of the spine, this rolling method can be hazardous for several reasons: the risk of a torsion of the spine when rolling, the risk when sliding the casualty on the<unk> , the risk of anteversion of the hips (and thus of flexing of the spine) due to the weight of the legs when lifting the<unk>  to slide the board.
Vacuum mattress
Positive pressure personnel suit
Pressure control
Liquid bandage
Alginate dressing
Vertical mattress stitch
Space blanket
Racal suit