Thorough history regarding frequency of bedwetting, any period of dryness in between, associated daytime symptoms, constipation, and encopresis should be sought. Voiding diary * People are asked to observe, record and measure when and how much their child voids and drinks, as well as associated symptoms. A voiding diary in the form of frequency volume chart records voided volume along with time of each micturition for at least 24 hours. Frequency volume chart is enough for patients with complaint of nocturia and frequency only. If other symptoms are also present then a detailed bladder diary must be maintained. In a bladder diary, times of micturition and voided volume, incontinence episodes, pad usage and other information such as fluid intake, the degree of urgency and the degree of incontinence are recorded. Physical examination * Each child should be examined physically at least once at the beginning of treatment. A full pediatric and<unk> urological exam is recommended. Measurement of blood pressure is important to rule out any renal pathology. External genitalia and lumbosacral spine should be examined thoroughly. A spinal defect, such as a dimple, hair tuft, or skin discoloration, might be visible in approximately 50% of patients with an intraspinal lesion. Thorough<unk> urologic examination of the lower extremities, including gait, muscle power, tone, sensation, reflexes, and plantar responses should be done during first visit. Classification<unk>  urinary continence is dependent on 3 factors: 1)<unk>  urine production, 2)<unk>  bladder function and 3) sleep and arousal mechanisms. Any child will suffer from<unk>  if more urine is produced than can be contained in the bladder or if the detrusor is hyperactive, provided that he or she is not awakened by the imminent bladder contraction. Primary<unk>  Primary<unk>  is the most common form of bedwetting. Bedwetting becomes a disorder when it persists after the age at which bladder control usually occurs (4–7 years), and is either resulting in an average of at least two wet nights a week with no long periods of dryness or not able to sleep dry without being taken to the toilet by another person.<unk> w studies show that anti-psychotic drugs can have a side effect of causing<unk> . It has been shown that diet impacts<unk>  in children. Constipation from a poor diet can result in impacted stool in the colon putting undue pressure on the bladder creating loss of bladder control (overflow incontinence). Some researchers, however, recommend a different starting age range. This guidance says that bedwetting can be considered a clinical problem if the child regularly wets the bed after turning 7 years old. Secondary<unk>  Secondary<unk>  occurs after a patient goes through an extended period of dryness at night (six months or more) and then reverts to night-time wetting. Secondary<unk>  can be caused by emotional stress or a medical condition, such as a bladder infection. Psychological definition Psychologists are usually allowed to diagnose and write a prescription for diapers if<unk>  causes the patient significant distress. Psychiatists may instead use a definition from the DSM-IV, defining<unk>  as repeated urination into bed or clothes, occurring twice per week or more for at least three consecutive months in a child of at least 5 years of age and not due to either a drug side effect or a medical condition.
Nocturnal enuresis
Diurnal enuresis
Paruresis
Post-void dribbling
Premenstrual water retention
Nocturnal penile tumescence
Orthostatic albuminuria
Nocturia