Hexaxial reference system ECG showing<unk>  axis deviation The two main diagnostic tests used to confirm<unk>  are electrocardiography and echocardiography. Electrocardiography The use of electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure cardiac chamber hypertrophy is well established but since the left ventricular activity is dominant on the ECG a large degree of<unk>  is often required for any detectable changes. Nonetheless, the ECG is used to assist with the diagnosis of<unk> . A post mortem study on 51 adult male patients concluded that anatomical<unk>  may be diagnosed using one or more of the following ECG criteria: *<unk>  axis deviation of more than (or equal to) 110° (see hexaxial reference figure) * R-wave dominant over S-wave in V1 or V2 * S-wave dominant over R-wave in V6 However, the American Heart Association recommended the use of additional diagnostic tests to diagnose<unk>  because no single criteria or set of criteria were considered sufficiently reliable. Echocardiography Echocardiography can be used to directly visualise<unk>  ventricular wall thickness. The preferred technique is the trans-oesophageal approach giving a view of 4 chambers. The normal thickness of a<unk>  ventricular free wall ranges from 2-5 millimetres, with a value above 5 mm considered to be hypertrophic.
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrial enlargement
Aortic unfolding
types of Cardiomegaly
Ventricular hypertrophy
Atrial enlargement
Left atrial enlargement