Longitudinally opened freshly resected colon segment showing a cancer and four polyps. Plus a schematic diagram indicating a likely<unk>  defect (a region of tissue that precedes and predisposes to the development of cancer) in this colon segment. The diagram indicates sub-clones and sub-sub-clones that were precursors to the tumors.<unk>  (also termed<unk>  change,<unk>  change<unk> ,<unk>  carcinogenesis, cancer<unk>  effect or premalignant<unk>  defect) is a biological process in which large areas of cells at a tissue surface or within an organ are affected by carcinogenic alterations. The process arises from exposure to an injurious environment, often over a lengthy period.
Field cancerization
Flat closure after mastectomy
Lymphovascular invasion
Perineural invasion
Tumor budding
Mammoplasia
Circumcision
Micrometastasis