Angiogenesis and EGFR (HER-1) inhibitors are frequently tested in experimental settings and have shown efficacy. Treatment modalities are not sufficiently established for normal use, and it is unclear in which stage they are best used and which patients would profit. By 2009 A number of new strategies for<unk>  were being tested in clinical trials, including the PARP inhibitor BSI 201, NK012. A novel antibody-drug conjugate known as glembatumumab vedotin (CDX-011), which targets the protein GPNMB, has also shown encouraging clinical trial results in 2009. PARP inhibitors had shown some promise in early trials but failed in some later trials. An accelerated approval Phase II clinical trial (METRIC) investigating glembatumumab vedotin versus capecitabine began in November 2013, expected to enroll 300 patients with GPNMB-expressing metastatic<unk> . Three early stage trials reported<unk>  results in June 2016, for IMMU-132, Vantictumab, and atezolizumab in combination with the chemotherapy nab-paclitaxel. In 2019, CytoDyn initiated a Phase 1b/2 trial with its humanized monoclonal antibody, leronlimab (PRO 140), in combination with chemotherapy following strong results in animal murine models. Among other mechanisms of action, leronlimab is believed to inhibit metastasis by inhibiting the CCR5 receptor on cell surfaces, which is commonly expressed in<unk> . On November 11, 2019, CytoDyn reported that the first<unk>  patient injected under its naïve protocol (not previously treated for<unk>  demonstrated significantly reduced levels of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and decreased tumor size at two-week and five-week observation intervals compared to baseline observations. CTCs are a potential surrogate endpoint in oncology trials, with reduced levels suggesting long-term clinical benefit.
Triple-negative breast cancer
Hereditary lobular breast cancer
Hormone receptor positive breast tumor
Paget's disease of the breast
Mucinous carcinoma of the breast
Medullary breast carcinoma
Inflammatory breast cancer
Hormone-sensitive cancer