<unk>  is the classic example of a malabsorptive weight loss procedure. Some modern procedures utilize a lesser degree of malabsorption combined with gastric restriction to induce and maintain weight loss. Any procedure involving malabsorption must be considered at risk to develop at least some of the malabsorptive complications exemplified by<unk> . The multiple complications associated with<unk>  while considerably less severe than those associated with Jejunocolic anastomosis, were sufficiently distressing both to the patient and to the medical attendant to cause the procedure to fall into disrepute. Listing of<unk>  complications: Mineral and electrolyte imbalance: * Decreased serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and bicarbonate * Decreased sodium chloride * Osteoporosis and osteomalacia secondary to protein depletion, calcium and vitamin D loss, and acidosis Protein calorie malnutrition: * Hair loss, anemia, edema, and vitamin depletion * Cholelithiasis Enteric complications: * Abdominal distension, irregular diarrhea, increased flatus, pneumatosis intestinalis, colonic pseudo-obstruction, bypass enteropathy, volvulus with mechanical small bowel obstruction Extra-intestinal manifestations: * Arthritis * Severe pain issues that are not fully understood * Liver disease, occurs in at least 30% * Acute liver failure may occur in the postoperative period, and may lead to death acutely following surgery. * Steatosis, "alcoholic" type hepatitis, cirrhosis, occurs in 5%, progresses to cirrhosis and death in 1-2% * Erythema nodosum, non-specific pustular dermatosis * Weber–Christian disease Some of these features may coincide in bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome. Renal disease: * Hyperoxaluria, with oxalate stones or interstitial oxalate deposits, immune complex nephritis, "functional" renal failure. Miscellaneous: * Peripheral neuropathy, pericarditis, pleuritis, hemolytic anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia The multiple complications associated with<unk>  led to a search for alternative procedures, one of which was gastric bypass, a procedure that is described in detail later. In 1983 Griffen et al. reported a comprehensive series comparing the results of<unk>  with gastric bypass. 11 of 50 patients who underwent<unk>  required conversion to gastric bypass within 5 years, leading Griffen to abandon<unk> .<unk>  can be summed up as having: a. Good Weight Loss, b. Malabsorption with multiple deficiencies, c. Diarrhea, d. Severe Pain Issues That are not fully understood, e. Possible Death As a consequence of all these complications,<unk>  is no longer a recommended bariatric surgical procedure. Indeed, the current recommendation for anyone who has undergone<unk> , and still has the operation intact, is to strongly consider having it taken down and converted to one of the gastric restrictive procedures.
Jejunoileal bypass
Ileojejunal bypass
Duodenal-jejunal bypass liner
Intestinal bypass
Jejunojejunostomy
Partial ileal bypass surgery
Ileal interposition
Longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring