Seizures are managed with anticonvulsive medications. Laser coagulation or cryoablation (freezing) of the retina can be used to destroy the abnormal blood vessels. Retinal detachment is repaired with a scleral buckle or with vitrectomy. Removal or enucleation of the eye is a last resort option if the eye already has become blind and painful. Repeated blood transfusions may be needed to control anemia, and thrombocytopenia can be managed with splenectomy.
Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities
Punctate inner choroiditis
Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations
Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis
Progressive outer retinal necrosis
Giant retinal ganglion cells