Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia and affects more than 33 million people worldwide. In Europe and North America, , it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world, rates are about 0.6% for males and 0.4% for females. The number of people diagnosed with AF has increased due to better detection of silent AF and increasing age and conditions that predispose to it. It also accounts for one-third of hospital admissions for cardiac rhythm disturbances, and the rate of admissions for AF has risen in recent years. AF is the cause for 20% to 30% of all ischemic strokes. After a transient ischemic attack or stroke, about 11% are found to have a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. 3% to 11% of patients with AF have structurally normal hearts. Approximately 2.2 million individuals in the United States and 4.5 million in the European Union have AF. The number of new cases each year of AF increases with age. In people older than 80 years, it affects about 8%. In contrast, in younger people the prevalence is estimated to be 0.05% and is associated with congenital heart disease or structural heart disease in this demographic. As of 2001, it was anticipated that in developed countries, the number of people with atrial fibrillation was likely to increase during the following 50 years, due to the growing proportion of elderly peolpe. Sex Atrial fibrillation is more common in men than in women when reviewed in European and North American populations. In Asian populations and both developed and developing countries, there is also a higher rate in men than in women. The risk factors associated with AF are also distributed differently according to sex. In men, coronary disease is more frequent, while in women, high systolic blood pressure and valvular heart disease are more prevalent. Ethnicity Rates of AF are lower in populations of African descent than in populations of European descent. African descent is associated with a protective effect for AF, due to the lower presence of SNPs with guanine alleles. European ancestry has more frequent mutations. The variant rs4611994 for the gene PITX2 is associated with risk of AF in African and European populations. Hispanic and Asian populations have a lower risk of AF than European populations. The risk of AF in non-European populations is associated with characteristic risk factors of these populations, such as hypertension. Young people Atrial fibrillation is an uncommon condition in children but sometimes occurs in association with certain inherited and acquired conditions. Congenital heart disease and rheumatic fever are the most common causes of atrial fibrillation in children. Other inherited heart conditions associated with the development of atrial fibrillation in children include Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome, Wolff Parkinson White syndrome, and other forms of supraventricular<unk>  (e.g., AV nodal reentrant<unk> . Adults who survived congenital heart disease have an increased risk of developing AF. In particular, people who had atrial septal defects, Tetralogy of Fallot, or Ebstein's anomaly, and those who underwent the Fontan procedure, are at higher risk with prevalence rates of up to 30% depending on the heart's anatomy and the person's age.
types of Supraventricular tachycardia
medical cause of Ventricular tachycardia
medical cause of Ventricular fibrillation
symptoms of Brugada syndrome
medical cause of Supraventricular tachycardia
symptom of Brugada syndrome
complications of Atrial fibrillation
symptom of Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia