<unk>  is used in materials science as a precursor in making iron nanoparticles for carbon nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition. Cavities formed by<unk>  and mini-ferritins (Dps) proteins have been successfully used as the reaction chamber for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles (NPs). Protein shells served as a template to restrain particle growth and as a coating to prevent coagulation/aggregation between NPs. Using various sizes of protein shells, various sizes of NPs can be easily synthesized for chemical, physical and bio-medical applications. Experimental COVID-19 vaccines have been produced that display the spike protein’s receptor binding domain on the surface of<unk>  nanoparticles.
Ferritin
Hepcidin
Hemoglobin
Ovoferrin
Lipoic acid
Toxidrome
Plasminogen 
Plasma-lyte