<unk> s can be expected to shrink naturally and so, most are simply monitored. Monitoring<unk> s involves regular check-ups to make sure that the breast mass is not growing and is not potentially cancerous. Check-ups involve physical examinations performed every 3–6 months and optional diagnostic imaging performed every 6–12 months for 1–2 years. Generally, surgery is only recommended if the<unk>  gets larger or causes increased symptoms. They are removed with a small margin of normal breast tissue if the preoperative clinical investigations are suggestive of the necessity of this procedure. A small amount of normal tissue must be removed in case the lesion turns out to be a phyllodes tumour on microscopic examination. Because needle biopsy is often a reliable diagnostic investigation, some doctors may decide not to operate to remove the lesion, and instead opt for clinical follow-up to observe the lesion over time using clinical examination and mammography to determine the rate of growth, if any, of the lesion. A growth rate of less than sixteen percent per month in women under fifty years of age, and a growth rate of less than thirteen percent per month in women over fifty years of age have been published as safe growth rates for continued non-operative treatment and clinical observation. Some<unk> s respond to treatment with ormeloxifene.<unk> s have not been shown to recur following complete excision or transform into phyllodes tumours following partial or incomplete excision. Non-invasive Surgical Interventions There are several non-invasive options for the treatment of<unk> s, including percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, and percutaneous microwave ablation. With the use of advanced medical imaging, these procedures do not require invasive surgery and have the potential for enhanced cosmetic results compared with conventional surgery. Cryoablation The FDA approved cryoablation of a<unk>  as a safe, effective, and minimally-invasive alternative to open surgical removal in 2001. During cryoablation, ultrasound imaging is used to guide a probe into the mass of breast tissue. Extremely cold temperatures are then used to destroy the abnormal cells, and over time the cells are reabsorbed into the body. The procedure can be performed as an outpatient surgery using local anesthesia, and leaves substantially less scarring than open surgical procedures and no breast tissue deformation. The American Society of Breast Surgeons recommends the following criteria to establish a patient as a candidate for cryoablation of a<unk> : #The lesion must be sonographically visible. #The diagnosis of a<unk>  must be confirmed histologically. #The lesion should be less than 4 cm in diameter. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a newer technique for the treatment of malignant and benign tumors of the breast and has shown promising results in the form of complete radiological removal of tumors. An ultrasound beam is focused on a target in the breast and leads to tissue death and protein degradation by raising the temperature in that area. Currently, the use of radiation is recommended in some cases, but HIFU in particular is not part of treatment guidelines. Further research into the usefulness of HIFU, specifically in<unk> , is required before more widespread use of the technique in<unk> .
Fibroadenoma
Phyllodes tumor
Intraductal papilloma
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Lobular carcinoma in situ