The highest-velocity<unk> es tend to have the worst associated damage. A study published in 1991, which documented 314 individuals who had suffered<unk>  cranial<unk> es caused by gunshot wounds, found that 73% succumbed to their<unk> es at the scene of the incident, and a further 19% ultimately died later, thus indicating a total mortality rate of 92%. Perforating<unk> es have an even worse prognosis.<unk> <unk>  trauma can cause impairment or loss of abilities controlled by parts of the brain that are damaged. A famous example is Phineas Gage, whose personality appears to have changed (though not as dramatically as usually described) after a perforating<unk>  to his frontal lobe(s). People with subarachnoid hemorrhage, a blown pupil, respiratory distress, hypotension, or cerebral vasospasm are more likely to have worse outcomes. People with<unk> <unk>  trauma may have complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and neurogenic pulmonary edema. Up to 50% of patients with<unk>  brain<unk> es get late-onset post-traumatic epilepsy.
Penetrating head injury
Closed-head injury
Traumatic brain injury
Acquired brain injury
Cerebral contusion
Traumatic asphyxia
Polytrauma
Pediatric concussion