<unk>  is a medical condition of low levels of<unk>  (vitamin B1). A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. The two main types in adults are wet beriberi and dry beriberi. Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system, resulting in a fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and leg swelling. Dry beriberi affects the nervous system, resulting in numbness of the hands and feet, confusion, trouble moving the legs, and pain. A form with loss of appetite and constipation may also occur. Another type, acute beriberi, found mostly in babies, presents with loss of appetite, vomiting, lactic acidosis, changes in heart rate, and enlargement of the heart. Risk factors include a diet of mostly white rice, alcoholism, dialysis, chronic diarrhea, and taking high doses of diuretics. In rare cases, it may be due to a genetic condition that results in difficulties absorbing<unk>  found in food. Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are forms of dry beriberi. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, low levels of<unk>  in the urine, high blood lactate, and improvement with<unk>  supplementation. Treatment is by<unk>  supplementation, either by mouth or by injection. With treatment, symptoms generally resolve in a few weeks. The disease may be prevented at the population level through the fortification of food.<unk>  is rare in the United States. It remains relatively common in sub-Saharan Africa. Outbreaks have been seen in refugee camps.<unk>  has been described for thousands of years in Asia, and became more common in the late 1800s with the increased processing of rice.
Thiamine deficiency
Fluorine deficiency
Boron deficiency 
Selenium deficiency
Biotin deficiency
Chromium deficiency
Copper deficiency
Magnesium deficiency