Those susceptible to acquiring<unk>  range from newborns to adults—with the oldest reported patient being 26 years old. However, the majority of cases involve children who have yet to reach puberty. Although the exact pathogenesis of<unk>  is still unknown, there are many theories as to how and why it does what it does. Most of these theories acknowledge the striking similarity of symptoms between<unk>  and other movement disorders. The presence of cystic lesions, causing swelling in the third ventricle, is a common feature in all patients. It is this dilatation that causes pressure to be applied to the surrounding structures of the third ventricle, such as the diencephalon. It is possible that the back and forth movement of fluid within the cyst causes rhythmic pressure on the diencephalic motor pathways. One of the key periventricular structures in that pathway is the thalamus which is responsible for relaying motor signals to the cerebral cortex as well as regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness. The disappearance of the<unk>  movements while asleep implies that their origin may lie within the extrapyramidal system which is a part of the motor system that controls coordination of movement. The tracts associated with the extrapyramidal system are controlled by various structures of the central nervous system, such as the cerebellum and basal ganglia. The basal ganglia plays a large part in controlling motor function and thus, abnormalities to this system can result in movement disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease and dyskinesia, both of which share commonalities with<unk> . The tic-like movements and swelling of the third ventricle associated with<unk>  are similar to that of other movement disorders caused by diseases of the corpus callosum and aforementioned basal ganglia. Because of the swelling, added pressure is applied to these formations causing their basic functions to be disturbed. Through pneumoencephalographic studies of patients with Parkinson’s, Huntington's, and dystonia musculorum deformans, it was discovered that, along with patients with<unk> , a statistically significant swelling of the third ventricle existed. Thus, researchers believe that the connection between<unk>  and other movement disorders is that, in both, the movements are not caused by a particular lesion, but rather a hindrance of multiple neuronal structures or pathways. In the case of<unk> , the disturbance is related to those structures proximal to the third ventricle. More research is being conducted in order to find the neurophysiologic basis for<unk>  and its connection with other movement disorders, but with the rare occurrence of the disorder, progress is slow. Another theory exists behind the cause of<unk> . It states that the constant<unk>  movements create a temporary relief in intraventricular obstruction by both shifting the cyst to the posterior—away from the foramina of Monro—and a reduction in cyst size. This points to the fact that the bobbing may be a “learned behavior” and a way to relieve the symptoms of hydrocephalus.
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