<unk>  has been defined as the process of taking<unk>  of oneself with behaviors that promote health and active management of illness when it occurs. Individuals engage in some form of<unk>  daily with food choices, exercise, sleep, and dental<unk> . While the concept of<unk>  has received increased attention in recent years, it has ancient origins. Socrates has been credited with founding the<unk>  movement in ancient Greece, and<unk>  are of oneself and loved ones has been shown to exist since human beings appeared on earth.<unk>  remains a primary form of healthcare worldwide. Routine<unk>  is important for generally healthy people but<unk>  becomes essential when illness occurs. Chronic illness (e.g., heart failure, diabetes, high blood pressure) requires behaviors that control the illness, decrease symptoms, and improve survival such as medication adherence and symptom monitoring. An acute illness like an infection (e.g., COVID) requires the same types of<unk>  behaviors required of people with a chronic illness, but the medication adherence and symptom monitoring behaviors associated with an acute illness are typically short lived. Routine health maintenance<unk>  behaviors that individuals engage in (e.g., adequate sleep) are still required of those dealing with acute or chronic illness. For the majority of people with a chronic illness, time spent having that illness managed by a health professional is vastly outweighed by time spent in<unk> . It has been estimated that most people with a chronic illness spend only about 0.001% or 10 hours per year of their time with a healthcare provider. Benefits of routine<unk>  in generally healthy populations include prevention of illness and comparatively better quality of life. In people with chronic illness,<unk>  is associated with fewer symptoms, fewer hospitalizations, better quality of life, and longer survival compared to individuals in whom<unk>  is poor.<unk>  is seen as a partial solution to the global rise in health<unk>  costs that is placed on governments worldwide. A lack of<unk>  in terms of personal health, hygiene and living conditions is referred to as<unk> -neglect. The use of<unk> givers and Personal<unk>  Assistants may be needed. There is a growing body of knowledge related to these home<unk>  workers.
Self-care
Toileting
Clean living movement
Activities of daily living
Heal 
Barrier nursing
Nursing
Motor skill