An<unk>  is a form of capacitive sensor used on an electronic stethoscope. The<unk>  is coated with a conductive material. A conductive plate is positioned behind and parallel to the<unk> , so that the two conductive elements form a capacitor. Capacitance is a function of plate area, dielectric properties of the space between the conductors, and the distance between the conductors. It is this latter parameter which is modulated by vibration such that the capacitance varies with the distance between the<unk>  and the plate, forming an acoustic sensor. The<unk>  is a form of capacitive sensor, and shares properties with condenser microphones. The difference between the<unk>  and a condenser microphone is that a condenser microphone operates on the basis of air transmission, has a very thin membrane instead of a<unk> , and cannot be placed against a body to sense sounds within the body. The<unk>  for stethoscopes was patented by Clive Smith in 2002 and is used on Thinklabs electronic stethoscopes.
Electromagnetic diaphragm
Visakhapatnam gas leak
Esophageal speech
Churchill–Cope reflex
Marcus Gunn phenomenon
Ferguson reflex
Gastrocolic reflex
Bainbridge reflex