Animal studies have raised safety concerns of certain general anesthetics, in particular ketamine and<unk> , in young children. The risk of neurodegeneration was increased in combination of these agents with nitrous oxide and benzodiazepines such as midazolam. Whether these concerns occur in humans is unclear. Elderly Biophysical studies using NMR spectroscopy has provided molecular details of how inhaled anesthetics interact with three amino acid residues (G29, A30 and I31) of amyloid beta peptide and induce aggregation. This area is important as "some of the commonly used inhaled anesthetics may cause brain damage that accelerates the onset of Alzheimer's disease".
Isoflurane
Methoxyflurane
Desflurane
Halothane
Sevoflurane
Etomidate
Ketamine
Remifentanil