The 2006 Consensus statement on the management of intersex disorders states that individuals with<unk>  have an intermediate risk of germ cell malignancy, at 28%, recommending that gonads be monitored. A 2010 review put the risk of germ cell tumors at 17%. The management of<unk>  can consist, according to one source, of the elimination of gonads prior to puberty, in turn halting masculinization. Hewitt and Warne state that, children with<unk>  who are raised as girls often later identify as male, describing a "well known, spontaneous change of gender identity from female to male" that "occurs after the onset of puberty." A 2005 systematic review of gender role change identified the rate of gender role change as occurring in 39–64% of individuals with<unk>  raised as girls.
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency
5α-Reductase 2 deficiency
Isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency
Cortisone reductase deficiency
Androgen-induced hermaphroditism
Aromatase deficiency
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity
Multiple sulfatase deficiency