<unk>  stenosis of the<unk>  cava is a sub-classification of the overarching spectrum of<unk>  heart disease involving the vessels surrounding the heart resulting in disruption to normal cardiovascular blood flow. Diagnosis commonly occurs in early adolescence, expressed as symptoms such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurring spontaneously. The mainstay diagnosis of the presenting DVT symptom is an ultrasound with venous Doppler. Ultrasound with venous Doppler rarely identifies the inferior<unk>  cava anomalies present from birth. Difficulties in identifying the<unk>  stenosis of the<unk>  cava makes diagnosis uncommon. Diagnosis of<unk>  stenosis of the inferior<unk>  cava can be rarely discovered through abdominal CT examinations, and may present with an array of clinical findings dependent on the drainage patterns of the individuals. Further diagnostic tools such as a transthoracic echocardiogram can reveal the narrowing of the<unk>  cava showing a low velocity of flow.<unk>  stenosis of the<unk>  cava can also present as acute respiratory failure and effusion of the right lung on chest X-rays.
Congenital stenosis of vena cava
Persistent left superior vena cava
Absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Interrupted aortic arch
Stenosis of pulmonary artery
Aberrant subclavian artery