Loss of myelinated fibers at the basilar part of the pons in the brainstem (Luxol-Fast blue stain) The most common cause is overly-rapid correction of low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia). Apart from rapid correction of hyponatraemia, there are case reports of<unk>  in association with hypokalaemia, anorexia nervosa when feeding is started, patients undergoing dialysis and burn victims. There is a case report of<unk>  occurring in the context of refeeding syndrome, in the absence of hyponatremia. It has also been known to occur in patients suffering withdrawal symptoms of chronic alcoholism. In these instances, occurrence may be entirely unrelated to hyponatremia or rapid correction of hyponatremia. It could affect patients who take some prescription medicines that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause abnormal thirst reception - in this scenario the<unk>  is caused by polydipsia leading to low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia). In schizophrenic patients with psychogenic polydipsia, inadequate thirst reception leads to excessive water intake, severely diluting serum sodium. With this excessive thirst combined with psychotic symptoms, brain damage such as<unk>  may result from hyperosmolarity caused by excess intake of fluids, (primary polydipsia) although this is difficult to determine because such patients are often institutionalised and have a long history of mental health conditions. It has been observed following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.<unk>  may also occur in patients prone to hyponatremia affected by: * Severe liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis) * Liver transplant * Alcoholism * Hypokalemia * People with serum sodium <105 mEq/L * Severe burns * Malnutrition * Anorexia nervosa * Severe electrolyte disorders * HIV/AIDS * hyperemesis gravidarum * Hyponatremia due to peritoneal dialysis * Wernicke encephalopathy
Central pontine myelinolysis
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
Leukoencephalopathy
Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis
Acute flaccid myelitis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Cerebellar stroke syndrome
Tropical neuropathy