<unk>  (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.<unk>  was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine.<unk>  properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression.<unk>  is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of<unk>  are often tightly controlled due to the significant health risks associated with recreational use. The first<unk>  pharmaceutical was Benzedrine, a brand which was used to treat a variety of conditions. Currently, pharmaceutical<unk>  is prescribed as racemic<unk> , Adderall, dextroamphetamine, or the inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine.<unk>  increases monoamine and excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, with its most pronounced effects targeting the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. At therapeutic doses,<unk>  causes emotional and cognitive effects such as euphoria, change in desire for sex, increased wakefulness, and improved cognitive control. It induces physical effects such as improved reaction time, fatigue resistance, and increased muscle strength. Larger doses of<unk>  may impair cognitive function and induce rapid muscle breakdown. Addiction is a serious risk with heavy recreational<unk>  use, but is unlikely to occur from long-term medical use at therapeutic doses. Very high doses can result in psychosis (e.g., delusions and paranoia) which rarely occurs at therapeutic doses even during long-term use. Recreational doses are generally much larger than prescribed therapeutic doses and carry a far greater risk of serious side effects.<unk>  belongs to the phenethylamine class. It is also the parent compound of its own structural class, the substituted<unk> s, which includes prominent substances such as bupropion, cathinone, MDMA, and methamphetamine. As a member of the phenethylamine class,<unk>  is also chemically related to the naturally occurring trace amine neuromodulators, specifically phenethylamine and , both of which are produced within the human body. Phenethylamine is the parent compound of<unk> , while is a positional isomer of<unk>  that differs only in the placement of the methyl group.
Amphetamine
Benzphetamine
Methamphetamine
Benzocaine
Nicotine
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
Heroin
Cannabis 