<unk>  <unk>  is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat<unk> , especially due to diarrhea. It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts, specifically sodium and potassium.<unk>  can also be given by a nasogastric tube.<unk>  should routinely include the use of zinc supplements. Use of<unk>  has been estimated to decrease the risk of death from diarrhea by up to 93%. Side effects may include vomiting, high blood sodium, or high blood potassium. If vomiting occurs, it is recommended that use be paused for 10 minutes and then gradually restarted. The recommended formulation includes sodium chloride, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, and glucose. Glucose may be replaced by sucrose and sodium citrate may be replaced by sodium bicarbonate, if not available. It works as glucose increases the uptake of sodium and thus water by the intestines. A number of other formulations are also available including versions that can be made at home. However, the use of homemade solutions has not been well studied.<unk><unk>  was developed in the 1940s using electrolyte solutions with or without glucose on an empirical basis chiefly for mild or convalescent patients, but did not come into common use for<unk>  and maintenance<unk>  until after the discovery that glucose promoted sodium and water absorption during cholera in the 1960s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Globally, ,<unk>  is used by 41% of children with diarrhea. This use has played an important role in reducing the number of deaths in children under the age of five.
Oral rehydration therapy
Selective digestive decontamination
Whole bowel irrigation
Urine-diverting dry toilet
Semper rehydration solution
Activated charcoal cleanse
Colostomy reversal
Glucagon rescue