Complications of<unk>  can affect both the mother and the fetus. Acutely,<unk>  can be complicated by eclampsia, the development of HELLP syndrome, hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, liver damage and dysfunction, acute kidney injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).<unk>  is also associated with increased frequency of Caesarean section, preterm delivery, and placental abruption. Furthermore, an elevation in blood pressure can occur in some individuals in the first week postpartum attributable to volume expansion and fluid mobilization. Fetal complications include fetal growth restriction and potential fetal or<unk> rinatal death. Long-term, an individual with<unk>  is at increased risk for recurrence of<unk>  in subsequent pregnancies. Eclampsia Eclampsia is the development of new convulsions in a pre-eclamptic patient that may not be attributed to other causes. It is a sign that the underlying pre-eclamptic condition is severe and is associated with high rates of<unk> rinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Warning symptoms for eclampsia in an individual with current<unk>  may include headaches, visual disturbances, and right upper quadrant or epigastric abdominal pain, with a headache being the most consistent symptom. During pregnancy brisk or hyperactive reflexes are common, however ankle clonus is a sign of neuromuscular irritability that usually reflects severe<unk>  and also can precede eclampsia. Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent convulsions in cases of severe<unk> . HELLP Syndrome HELLP syndrome is defined as hemolysis (microangiopathic), elevated liver enzymes (liver dysfunction), and low platelets (thrombocytopenia). This condition may occur in 10–20% of patients with severe<unk>  and eclampsia and is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In 50% of instances, HELLP syndrome develops preterm, while 20% of cases develop in late gestation and 30% during the post-partum<unk> riod. Long term<unk>  predisposes for future cardiovascular disease and a history of<unk> /eclampsia doubles the risk for cardiovascular mortality later in life. Other risks include stroke, chronic hypertension, kidney disease and venous thromboembolism.<unk>  and cardiovascular disease share many risk factors such as age, elevated BMI, family history and certain chronic diseases. seems<unk>  does not increase the risk of cancer. Lowered blood supply to the fetus in<unk>  causes lowered nutrient supply, which could result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight. The fetal origins hypothesis states that fetal undernutrition is linked with coronary heart disease later in adult life due to disproportionate growth. Because<unk>  leads to a mismatch between the maternal energy supply and fetal energy demands,<unk>  can lead to IUGR in the developing fetus. Infants suffering from IUGR are prone to suffer from poor neuronal development and in increased risk for adult disease according to the Barker hypothesis. Associated adult diseases of the fetus due to IUGR include, but are not limited to, coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, osteoporosis, and various psychiatric illnesses. The risk of<unk>  and development of placental dysfunction has also been shown to be recurrent cross-generationally on the maternal side and most likely on the paternal side. Fetuses born to mothers who were born small for gestational age (SGA) were 50% more likely to develop<unk>  while fetuses born to both SGA parents were three-fold more likely to develop<unk>  in future pregnancies.
Pre-eclampsia
Eclampsia
Early pregnancy bleeding
Hypertensive disease of pregnancy
Gestational hypertension
Gestational diabetes
Antepartum bleeding
Recurrent miscarriage