The<unk> ,<unk>  approach or psychological<unk>  is an approach to mental disorder or substance dependence that emphasizes and supports a person's potential for<unk> .<unk>  is generally seen in this model as a personal journey rather than a set outcome, and one that may involve developing hope, a secure base and sense of self, supportive relationships, empowerment, social inclusion, coping skills, and meaning.<unk>  sees symptoms as a continuum of the norm rather than an aberration and rejects sane-insane dichotomy. William Anthony, Director of the Boston Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation developed a quaint cornerstone definition of mental health<unk>  in 1993.<unk>  is a deeply personal, unique process of changing one's attitudes, values, feelings, goals, skills and/or roles. It is a way of living a satisfying, hopeful, and contributing life even with limitations caused by the illness.<unk>  involves the development of new meaning and purpose in one's life as one grows beyond the catastrophic effects of mental illness." The use of the concept in mental health emerged as deinstitutionalization resulted in more individuals living in the community. It gained impetus as a social movement due to a perceived failure by services or wider society to adequately support social inclusion, and to studies demonstrating that many people do<unk>  A<unk>  approach has now been explicitly adopted as the guiding principle of the mental health or substance dependency policies of a number of countries and states. In many cases practical steps are being taken to base services on a<unk> , although a range of obstacles, concerns and criticisms have been raised both by service providers and by recipients of services. A number of standardized measures have been developed to assess aspects of<unk> , although there is some variation between professionalized models and those originating in the psychiatric survivors movement.
Recovery model
Integrative milieu model
Source control 
Kindling model
Donabedian model
Disease model of addiction
Biopsychosocial model
Bobath concept