<unk>  (from Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneuma), meaning "air", Latin Vesica, meaning "bladder" and Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopeo), meaning "to see") is a minimally invasive surgery procedure increasingly gaining traction in urologic surgery, especially for children. The procedure involves insertion of a 5mm (or 3mm) optical port into the dome of a saline-distended urinary bladder under cystoscopy guidance. The cystoscope is then withdrawn, the saline drained and bladder insufflated with carbon dioxide at 8-10 cm to create the working space. Two lateral 5(or 3)mm operative ports are then inserted under visual guidance for performance of surgery. In recent years<unk>  has been used for problems ranging from ureteric re-implantation, to removal of bladder stones, bladder diverticula and foreign bodies in the urinary bladder.
Pneumovesicoscopy
Endoscopy
Defecography
Capsule endoscopy
Chromoendoscopy
Endoscopic foreign body retrieval
Nasoendoscopy
Endoscopic ultrasound