The low-density lipoprotein <unk>  <unk> -R) is a mosaic protein of 839 amino acids (after removal of 21-amino acid signal peptide) that mediates the endocytosis of cholesterol-rich<unk> . It is a cell-surface<unk>  that recognizes the apoprotein B100, which is embedded in the outer phospholipid layer of<unk>  particles. The<unk>  also recognizes the apoE protein found in chylomicron remnants and VLDL remnants (IDL). In humans, the<unk>  protein is encoded by the<unk> R gene on chromosome 19. It belongs to the low density lipoprotein<unk>  gene family. It is most significantly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells and adrenal gland and cortex tissue. Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein were awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their identification of<unk> -R and its relation to cholesterol metabolism and familial hypercholesterolemia. Disruption of<unk> -R can lead to higher<unk> -cholesterol as well as increasing the risk of related diseases. Individuals with disruptive mutations (defined as nonsense, splice site, or indel frameshift in<unk> R have an average<unk> -cholesterol of 279 mg dl−1, vs. 135 mg dl−1 for individuals with neither disruptive nor deleterious mutations. Disruptive mutations were 13-times more common in individuals with early-onset myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease than in individuals without either disease.
LDL receptor
Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family
Heart-type fatty acid binding protein
Apolipoprotein
Lipoprotein lipase
Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72
Platelet membrane glycoprotein
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator