The presence of<unk>  can be diagnosed by both clinical examination and radiological interpretation of the oral cavity. Clinically,<unk>  appear as single, broad-based masses, usually situated bilaterally in the premolar and molar region on the facial surface of the maxillary alveolar bone. The mass is generally smooth although in some cases a sharp, bony prominence may be present resulting in tenderness beneath the mucosa. Initial presentation usually occurs in early adolescence and the lesions may slowly enlarge up to 3–4 cm in diameter with time, however there is no malignant potential. Despite<unk>  being generally painless and self-limiting, they may cause patient concern regarding poor aesthetics, food lodgement and compromised oral hygiene. Their tendency to grow in size may also contribute to periodontal disease as a result of food build up in the area of the lesion. Radiographically,<unk>  can be identified as round, well-defined structures which superimpose the roots of the teeth, normally in the premolar and molar region. Dental panoramic tomography and cone beam tomography can be used to confirm diagnosis. An additional biopsy for diagnosis of<unk>  is not usually recommended, however it is important to rule out the possibility of early osseosarcomas and chondrosarcomas. In addition, it is recommended that patients who present with multiple growths showing similar characteristics but not in the classic<unk>  locations should be evaluated for Gardner syndrome.
Buccal exostosis
Subungual exostosis
Hyperostosis frontalis interna
Melorheostosis
Achondroplasia
Osteoma cutis
Thanatophoric dysplasia
Omphalolith