Plastic<unk>  are intended to be disposable.<unk>  (plural<unk>  or considered a plural noun without a singular, often a pair of<unk> ; the Latin plural forcipes is no longer recorded in most dictionaries) are a handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects.<unk>  are used when fingers are too large to grasp small objects or when many objects needed to be held at one time while the hands are used to perform a task. The term<unk> " is used almost exclusively in the fields of biology and medicine. Outside biology and medicine, people usually refer to<unk>  as tweezers, tongs, pliers, clips or clamps. Mechanically,<unk>  employ the principle of the lever to grasp and apply pressure. Depending on their function, basic surgical<unk>  can be categorized into the following groups: # Non-disposable<unk> . They should withstand various kinds of physical and chemical effects of body fluids, secretions, cleaning agents, and sterilization methods. # Disposable<unk> . They are usually made of lower-quality materials or plastics which are disposed after use. Surgical<unk>  are commonly made of high-grade carbon steel, which ensures they can withstand repeated sterilization in high-temperature autoclaves. Some are made of other high-quality stainless steel, chromium and vanadium alloys to ensure durability of edges and freedom from rust. Lower-quality steel is used in<unk>  made for other uses. Some disposable<unk>  are made of plastic. The invention of surgical<unk>  is attributed to Stephen Hales. There are two basic types of<unk> : non-locking (often called "thumb<unk> " or "pick-ups") and locking, though these two types come in dozens of specialized forms for various uses. Non-locking<unk>  also come in two basic forms: hinged at one end, away from the grasping end (colloquially such<unk>  are called tweezers) and hinged in the middle, rather like scissors. Locking<unk>  are almost always hinged in the middle, though some forms place the hinge very close to the grasping end. Locking<unk>  use various means to lock the grasping surfaces in a closed position to facilitate manipulation or to independently clamp, grasp or hold an object.
Forceps
Dermacentor
Obstetrical forceps
Hug machine
Natural childbirth
Caesarean section
Labor induction
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