Differential diagnosis Some conditions that are often undiagnosed and could be confused with or comorbid with<unk>  include: * medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD deficiency); * infant botulism; * long QT syndrome (accounting for less than 2% of cases); * Helicobacter pylori bacterial infections; * shaken baby syndrome and other forms of child abuse; *overlaying, child smothering during carer's sleep For example, an infant with MCAD deficiency might die by "classical<unk> " if found swaddled and prone, with its head covered, in an overheated room where parents were smoking. Genes indicating susceptibility to MCAD and Long QT syndrome do not protect an infant from dying of classical<unk> . Therefore, the presence of a susceptibility gene, such as for MCAD, means the infant might have died either from<unk>  or from MCAD deficiency. It is currently impossible for a pathologist to distinguish between them. A 2010 study looked at 554 autopsies of infants in North Carolina that listed<unk>  as the cause of<unk> , and suggested that many of these<unk> s may have been due to accidental suffocation. The study found that 69% of autopsies listed other possible risk factors that could have led to<unk> , such as unsafe bedding or sleeping with adults. Several instances of infanticide have been uncovered in which the diagnosis was originally<unk> . The estimate of the percentage of<unk><unk> s that are actually infanticide varies from less than 1% to up to 5% of cases. Some have underestimated the risk of two<unk><unk> s occurring in the same family; the Royal Statistical Society issued a media release refuting expert testimony in one UK case, in which the conviction was subsequently overturned.
Sudden infant death syndrome
Genetic disorder
Shaken baby syndrome
Infection
Blue baby syndrome
Child abuse
Neonatal meningitis
Infant respiratory distress syndrome