In<unk>  toxicity testing is the scientific analysis of the effects of toxic chemical substances on cultured bacteria or mammalian cells. In<unk>  (literally 'in glass') testing methods are employed primarily to identify potentially hazardous chemicals and/or to confirm the lack of certain toxic properties in the early stages of the development of potentially useful new substances such as therapeutic drugs, agricultural chemicals and food additives. In<unk>  assays for xenobiotic toxicity are recently carefully considered by key government agencies (e.g. EPA; NIEHS/NTP; FDA), to better assess human risks. There are substantial activities in using in<unk>  systems to advance mechanistic understanding of toxicant activities, and the use of human cells and tissue to define human-specific toxic effects.
In vitro toxicology
Animal testing on invertebrates
Laboratory developed test
Animal testing on rodents
Animal testing
Environmental toxicology
Functional molecular infection epidemiology
Test panel