A radial cut or preferably a circumareolar cut (following the circular line of the areola) is made and a milk duct is removed. The removed duct is normally sent for histologic examination. The excision can be directed by ductoscopy.
Microdochectomy
Perineal dilator
Transanal irrigation
Preperitoneal packing
Coloanal anastomosis
Urinary diversion
Pull-through procedure
Bladder augmentation