<unk>  disorders occur along a spectrum, ranging from mild (transient or chronic<unk> s) to more severe; Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of<unk>  disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. Management for the spectrum of<unk>  disorders is similar to the management of Tourette syndrome.<unk>  disorders are defined based on symptoms and duration. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published in May 2013, reclassified Tourette's and<unk>  disorders as motor disorders listed in the neurodevelopmental disorder category, removed the word "stereotyped" from the definition of<unk>  to better distinguish between stereotypies and<unk> s, replaced transient<unk>  disorder with provisional<unk>  disorder, removed the criterion that<unk> s must occur nearly every day, and removed the criterion that previously had excluded long<unk> -free periods (months) from counting towards the year needed to diagnose Tourette's or Persistent (Chronic)<unk>  disorders. Differential diagnosis Dystonias, paroxysmal dyskinesias, chorea, other genetic conditions, and secondary causes of<unk> s should be ruled out in the differential diagnosis. Conditions besides Tourette syndrome that may manifest<unk> s or stereotyped movements include developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and stereotypic movement disorder; Sydenham's chorea; idiopathic dystonia; and genetic conditions such as Huntington's disease, neuroacanthocytosis, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Wilson's disease, and tuberous sclerosis. Other possibilities include chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, XYY syndrome, and fragile X syndrome. Acquired causes of<unk> s include drug-induced<unk> s, head trauma, encephalitis, stroke, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Most of these conditions are rarer than<unk>  disorders, and a thorough history and examination may be enough to rule them out, without medical or screening tests. Although<unk>  disorders are commonly considered to be childhood syndromes,<unk> s occasionally develop during adulthood; adult-onset<unk> s often have a secondary cause.<unk> s that begin after the age of 18 are not diagnosed as Tourette's syndrome, but may be diagnosed as an "other specified" or "unspecified"<unk>  disorder. Tests may be ordered as necessary to rule out other conditions: For example, when diagnostic confusion between<unk> s and seizure activity exists, an EEG may be ordered, or symptoms may indicate that an MRI is needed to rule out brain abnormalities. TSH levels can be measured to rule out hypothyroidism, which can be a cause of<unk> s. Brain imaging studies are not usually warranted. In teenagers and adults presenting with a sudden onset of<unk> s and other behavioral symptoms, a urine drug screen for cocaine and stimulants might be necessary. If a family history of liver disease is present, serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels can rule out Wilson's disease. Individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) may present with features typically associated with a<unk>  disorder, such as compulsions that may resemble motor<unk> s. "Tic-related OCD" is hypothesized to be a subgroup of OCD, distinguished from non-tic-related OCD by the content and type of obsessions and compulsions; individuals with<unk> -related OCD have more intrusive thoughts, and exhibit more hoarding and counting rituals than individuals with non-tic-related OCD.<unk> s must also be distinguished from fasciculations. Small twitches of the upper or lower eyelid, for example, are not<unk> s, because they do not involve a whole muscle, rather are twitches of a few muscle fibre bundles, that are not suppressible.
Tic
Lime 
BHIE
Anol
Lisp
Riken
Mers
Kava