Diagram showing a generalized view of cellular<unk>  homeostasis in humans.<unk>  import can occur via endocytosis of transferrin receptor 1 or via ferrous<unk>  importers DMT1 and ZIP14, which require the activity of<unk>  reductases such as STEAP2, SDR-2 and Dcytb. Intracellular<unk>  can be stored in ferritin and used for protein biosynthesis, or to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulate transcription via<unk> -responsive element-binding proteins (IRP1/2). Export occurs through ferroportin, often aided by hephaestin (Hp) and/or ceruloplasmin (Cp), and repressed by hepcidin.<unk>  is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of<unk>  at the systemic and cellular level.<unk>  is both necessary to the body and potentially toxic. Controlling<unk>  levels in the body is a critically important part of many aspects of human health and disease. Hematologists have been especially interested in systemic<unk>  metabolism because<unk>  is essential for red blood cells, where most of the human body's<unk>  is contained. Understanding<unk>  metabolism is also important for understanding diseases of<unk>  overload, such as hereditary hemochromatosis, and<unk>  deficiency, such as<unk> -deficiency anemia.
Human iron metabolism
Human blood group systems
Selenium in biology
Fatty acid ratio in food
Ethanol metabolism
Composition of the human body
Purine metabolism
Pregnancy specific biological substances