Chemical structure of Paraziquantel, a chemotherapy drug used to treat most forms of<unk> . Treatment varies depending on the number of cases in an area. Chemotherapy drugs praziquantel and triclabendazole can be used in different amounts depending on the type of trematode infecting the organism, and its location in the body. In 2016, 600000 cases globally received treatment for foodborne<unk> . Praziquantel can act on a broad range of trematodes by disrupting the homeostasis of calcium ions, and is used to treat liver, intestinal and lung fluke infections. It was introduced as a treatment option in 1975 and targets various<unk>  by impacting the trematode’s ability to move in the host. Adverse reactions to this treatment that may occur are mild, and include headache, abdominal pain and dizziness. Although it is very effective and safe in treating most<unk> , praziquantel can cause hypersensitivity or allergic reactions in rare cases. It also cannot be used to treat the<unk>  fascioliasis. Triclabendazole is a narrow-spectrum treatment of<unk>  and is commonly used to treat fascioliasis. This anthelminthic is effective against the species Fasciola and Paragonimus. Although it was used in domestic livestock from 1983, the treatment was approved for use in humans in 1997 in Egypt. In 2019, it was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating cases of human infections. Common adverse reactions to triclabendazole include dizziness, sweating, pain in abdomen, headaches and biliary colic, which is mainly caused by the removal of dead trematodes from the body’s hepatobiliary system. Preventive chemotherapy is a strategy used in areas where the number of cases and infection rates are very high, as all individuals in the given area are treated with medicine for<unk> . This is used as an option to prevent further spread of the infection. For clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, when the incidence of cases exceeds 20%, all individuals are treated every year.
Trematodiases
Acetylcholinesterase
Cathelicidin
Serpin
Streptokinase
Flavin-containing monooxygenase
Apamin
Pegaspargase