Treatment of<unk> s is dependent on the type of<unk> . Where available, people with<unk> s are treated at a specialist centre which have surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, oncologists and other support staff. Generally, noncancerous<unk> s may be observed for changes and surgery offered if there is pain or pressure effects on neighbouring body parts. Surgical resection with or without cytotoxic drugs may be considered. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective in some<unk> s (such as Ewing's sarcoma) but less so in others (such as chondrosarcoma). There is a variety of chemotherapy treatment protocols for<unk> s. The protocol with the best-reported survival in children and adults is an intra-arterial protocol where<unk>  response is tracked by serial arteriogram. When<unk>  response has reached >90% necrosis surgical intervention is planned. Medication One of the major concerns is<unk>  density and<unk>  loss. Non-hormonal bisphosphonates increase<unk>  strength and are available as once-a-week prescription pills. Metastron also known as strontium-89 chloride is an intravenous medication given to help with the pain and can be given in three-month intervals. Generic Strontium Chloride Sr-89 Injection UPS, manufactured by Bio-Nucleonics Inc., it is the generic version of Metastron. Surgical treatment Treatment for some<unk>  cancers may involve surgery, such as limb amputation, or limb sparing surgery (often in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy). Limb sparing surgery, or limb salvage surgery, means the limb is spared from amputation. Instead of amputation, the affected<unk>  is removed and replaced in one of two ways: (a)<unk>  graft, in which<unk>  is taken from elsewhere on the body or (b) artificial<unk>  is put in. In upper leg surgeries, limb salvage prostheses are available. There are other joint preservation surgical reconstruction options, which including allograft,<unk> -devitalized autograft, vascularized fibula graft, distraction osteogenesis, and custom-made implants. An analysis of massive knee replacements after resection of primary<unk> rs showed patients did not score as highly on the Musculoskeletal<unk> r Society Score and Knee Society Score as patients who had undergone intra-articular resection. Thermal ablation techniques Over the past two decades, CT guided radiofrequency ablation has emerged as a less invasive alternative to surgical resection in the care of benign<unk> s, most notably osteoid osteomas. In this technique, which can be performed under conscious sedation, a RF probe is introduced into the<unk>  nidus through a cannulated needle under CT guidance and heat is applied locally to destroy<unk>  cells. Since the procedure was first introduced for the treatment of osteoid osteomas in the early 1990s, it has been shown in numerous studies to be less invasive and expensive, to result in less<unk>  destruction and to have equivalent safety and efficacy to surgical techniques, with 66 to 96% of patients reporting freedom from symptoms. While initial success rates with RFA are high, symptom recurrence after RFA treatment has been reported, with some studies demonstrating a recurrence rate similar to that of surgical treatment. Thermal ablation techniques are also increasingly being used in the palliative treatment of painful metastatic<unk>  disease. Currently, external beam radiation therapy is the standard of care for patients with localized<unk>  pain due to metastatic disease. Although the majority of patients experience complete or partial relief of pain following radiation therapy, the effect is not immediate and has been shown in some studies to be transient in more than half of patients. For patients who are not eligible or do not respond to traditional therapies ( i.e. radiation therapy, chemotherapy, palliative surgery, bisphosphonates or analgesic medications), thermal ablation techniques have been explored as alternatives for pain reduction. Several multi-center clinical trials studying the efficacy of RFA in the treatment of moderate to severe pain in patients with metastatic<unk>  disease have shown significant decreases in patient reported pain after treatment. These studies are limited however to patients with one or two metastatic sites; pain from multiple<unk> s can be difficult to localize for directed therapy. More recently, cryoablation has also been explored as a potentially effective alternative as the area of destruction created by this technique can be monitored more effectively by CT than RFA, a potential advantage when treating<unk> s adjacent to critical structures.
Bone tumor
Bone metastasis
Osteomyelitis
Osteoma
Endocrine bone disease
Spinal fracture
Osteopetrosis
Vertebral osteomyelitis