<unk>  line equipment, in order of typical usage: A dialysis two-lumen<unk>  inserted on the person's left side. Scars at the base of the neck indicate the insertion point into the left jugular vein. The following are the major indications for the use of<unk> s: # Difficult peripheral venous access –<unk> s may be placed when it is difficult to gain or maintain venous access peripherally (e.g. obesity, scarred veins from prior cannulations, agitated patient). # Delivery of certain medications or fluids – medications such as vasopressors (e.g., norepinephrine, vasopressin, phenylephrine etc.), chemotherapeutic agents, or hypertonic solutions are damaging to peripheral veins and often require placement of a<unk>  line. Additionally,<unk> s with multiple lumens can facilitate the delivery of several parenteral medications simultaneously. # Prolonged intravenous therapies – parenteral medications that must be delivered for extended periods of time (more than a few days) such as long-term parenteral nutrition, or intravenous antibiotics are administered through a<unk>  line. # Specialized treatment – interventions such as hemodialysis, plasmapheresis, transvenous cardiac pacing, and invasive hemodynamic monitoring (e.g. pulmonary artery<unk> ization) require<unk>  venous access. There are no absolute contraindications to the use of<unk> s. Relative contraindications include: coagulopathy, trauma or local infection at the placement site, or suspected proximal vascular injury. However, there are risks and complications associated with the placement of<unk>  lines, which are addressed below.
Central venous catheter
Peripheral venous catheter
Arterial line
Quinton catheter
Peripherally inserted central catheter
Vascular closure device
Hickman line
Vascular access