The medical<unk>  of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima upon<unk> s can be put into the four categories below, with the<unk>  of larger thermonuclear weapons producing blast and thermal<unk>  so large that there would be a negligible number of survivors close enough to the center of the blast who would experience prompt/acute radiation<unk> , which were observed after the 16 kiloton yield Hiroshima bomb, due to its relatively low yield: *Initial stage—the first 1–9 weeks, in which are the greatest number of deaths, with 90% due to thermal injury and/or blast<unk>  and 10% due to super-lethal radiation exposure. *Intermediate stage—from 10–12 weeks. The deaths in this period are from ionizing radiation in the median lethal range - LD50 *Late period—lasting from 13–20 weeks. This period has some improvement in survivors' condition. *Delayed period—from 20+ weeks. Characterized by numerous complications, mostly related to healing of thermal and mechanical injuries, and if the individual was exposed to a few hundred to a thousand millisieverts of radiation, it is coupled with infertility, sub-fertility and blood disorders. Furthermore, ionizing radiation above a dose of around 50-100 millisievert exposure has been shown to statistically begin increasing a person's chance of dying of cancer sometime in their lifetime over the normal unexposed rate of c. 25%, in the long term, a heightened rate of cancer, proportional to the dose received, would begin to be observed after c. 5+ years, with lesser problems, such as eye cataracts, and other more minor<unk>  in other organs and tissue also being observed over the long term. Depending on whether individuals further afield shelter in place or evacuate perpendicular to the direction of the wind, and therefore avoid contact with the fallout plume, and stay there for the days and weeks after the<unk> <unk>  their exposure to fallout, and therefore their total dose, will vary. With those who do shelter in place, and or evacuate, experiencing a total dose that would be negligible in comparison to someone who just went about their life as normal. Staying indoors until after the most hazardous fallout isotope, I-131 decays away to 0.1% of its initial quantity after ten half-lives – which is represented by 80 days in the care of I-131 cases, would make the difference between likely contracting thyroid cancer or escaping completely from this substance depending on the actions of the individual. Some scientists estimate that if there were a<unk>  war resulting in 100 Hiroshima-size<unk><unk>  on cities, it could cause significant loss of life in the tens of millions from long term climatic<unk>  alone. The climatology hypothesis is that if each city firestorms, a great deal of soot could be thrown up into the atmosphere which could blanket the earth, cutting out sunlight for years on end, causing the disruption of food chains, in what is termed a<unk>  winter scenario.
Effects of nuclear explosions on human health
Electromagnetic radiation and health
Climate change and infectious diseases
Safety of electronic cigarettes
Sex differences in medicine
Three Mile Island accident health effects
Road traffic safety
Wireless device radiation and health