Lack of awareness of the syndrome may lead to misdiagnosis such as blindness, psychosis, or dementia. Symptoms of<unk>  are most likely to be noticed first by optometrtists or ophthalmologists during an eye check up, or therapists providing rehabilitation following brain lesions. However, due to the scarcity among practitioners of familiarity with the syndrome, the symptoms are often explained away incorrectly without being considered as a possibility and followed by medical confirmation of clinical and neuroradiological findings. Any severe disturbance of space representation, spontaneously appearing following bilateral parietal damage, strongly suggests the presence of<unk>  and should be investigated as such. One study reports that damage to the bilateral dorsal occipitoparietal regions appeared to be involved in<unk> . Neuroanatomical evidence<unk>  has been found in patients with bilateral damage to the posterior parietal cortex. The primary cause of the damage and the syndrome can originate from multiple strokes, Alzheimer's disease, intracranial tumors, or brain injury. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease have also been found to cause this kind of damage. This syndrome is caused by damage to the posterior superior watershed areas, also known as the parietal-occipital vascular border zone (Brodmann's areas 19 and 7). Manifestations Some telltale signs suggesting<unk>  following bilateral brain insults may include: * limitation to perceive only stimuli that is presented at 35 to 40 degrees to the right. They are able to move their eyes but cannot fixate on specific visual stimuli (optic apraxia). * patient's field of attention is limited to one object at a time. making activities like reading difficult because each letter is perceived separately (simultanagnosia). * figure/ground defects in which a patient can see either the background but not the object residing somewhere in the whole scene, or conversely can see the object but sees no background around it (simultanagnosia) * a patient, while attempting to put one foot into a slipper by trying to insert the foot into a nonexistent slipper several inches from the real slipper, even as the patient focuses on the actual slipper (optic ataxia) * a patient raising a fork or spoon containing food to a point on the patient's face above or below the mouth, and possibly finding the mouth by trial and error by manually moving the utensil on the face (optic ataxia)
Bálint's syndrome
Villaret's syndrome
Wartenberg's syndrome
Banti's syndrome
Susac's syndrome
Liddle's syndrome
Wilkinson's syndrome
Renpenning's syndrome