Image showing how Q-angle is measured The degree of<unk>  can clinically be estimated by the , which is the angle formed by a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine through the center of the patella and a line drawn from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tubercle. In women, the Q angle should be less than 22 degrees with the knee in extension and less than 9 degrees with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion. In men, the Q angle should be less than 18 degrees with the knee in extension and less than 8 degrees with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion. A typical Q angle is 12 degrees for men and 17 degrees for women. Radiography On projectional radiography, the degree of varus or<unk>  deformity can be quantified by the hip-knee-ankle angle, which is an angle between the femoral mechanical axis and the center of the ankle joint. It is normally between 1.0° and 1.5° of varus in adults. Normal ranges are different in children. File:Hip-knee-ankle angle.Hip-knee-ankle angle. File:Hip-knee-ankle angle by age.Hip-knee-ankle angle by age, with 95% prediction interval.
Genu valgum
Oral torus
Caput medusae
Caput Medusae
Dens invaginatus
Pinguecula
Genu varum
Frenulum breve