Unlike the typical 6-6-6-5 steroid ring backbone (1),<unk>  displays a 6-6-5-6 arrangement (2).Veratridine is a steroidal alkaloid found in plants of the lily family, specifically the genera<unk> atrum and Schoenocaulon. Upon absorption through the skin or mucous membranes, it acts as a neurotoxin by binding to and preventing the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium ion channels in heart, nerve, and skeletal muscle cell membranes.<unk>  increases nerve excitability and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.
Veratridine
Setiptiline
Tocainide
Verapamil
Procainamide
Flecainide
Lofexidine
Ivabradine