<unk> s are released by dense core vesicles after depolarization of the cell. Some evidence shows that<unk> s are released after high-frequency firing or bursts, distinguishing dense core vesicle from synaptic vesicle release.<unk> s utilize volume transmission and are not reuptaken quickly, allowing diffusion across broad areas (nm to mm) to reach targets. Almost all<unk> s bind to GPCRs, inducing second messenger cascades to modulate neural activity on long time-scales. Expression of<unk> s in the nervous system is diverse.<unk> s are often co-released with other<unk> s and neurotransmitters, yielding a diversity of effects depending on the combination of release. For example, vasoactive intestinal peptide is typically co-released with acetylcholine.<unk>  release can also be specific. In Drosophila larvae, for example, eclosion hormone is expressed in just two neurons.
Neuropeptide
Neurohormone
Prohormone
Gluten exorphin
Bryostatin
Neuropil
Xenohormone
Somatostatin