<unk>  systems are engineered technologies that use<unk> s for the targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. The modern form of a drug delivery system should minimize side-effects and reduce both dosage and dosage frequency. Recently,<unk> s have aroused attention due to their potential application for effective drug delivery. Nanomaterials exhibit different chemical and physical properties or biological effects compared to larger-scale counterparts that can be beneficial for drug delivery systems. Some important advantages of<unk> s are their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, chemical and geometric tunability, and their ability to interact with biomolecules to facilitate uptake across the cell membrane. The large surface area also has a large affinity for drugs and small molecules, like ligands or antibodies, for targeting and controlled release purposes.<unk> s refer to a large family of materials both organic and inorganic. Each material has uniquely tunable properties and thus can be selectively designed for specific applications. Despite the many advantages of<unk> s, there are also many challenges, including but not exclusive to: nanotoxicity, biodistribution and accumulation, and the clearance of<unk> s by human body. The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering has issued the following prospects for future research in<unk>  systems: # crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in brain diseases and disorders; # enhancing targeted intracellular delivery to ensure the treatments reach the correct structures inside cells; # combining diagnosis and treatment. The development of new drug systems is time-consuming; it takes approximately seven years to complete fundamental research and development before advancing to preclinical animal studies.
Nanoparticle drug delivery
Targeted drug delivery
Drug recycling
Drug detoxification
Magnetic-targeted carrier
Thin-film drug delivery
Drug metabolism
Magnetic drug delivery