The clinical presentation is variable and largely dependent upon the overall clinical manifestation. The presence of anti-MOG autoantibodies has been described in association with the following conditions: * Seronegative neuromyelitis optica. * Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, especially in recurrent and fulminant cases. * Multiple sclerosis. * Optic neuritis (including cases of CRION (chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy) * Transverse myelitis * Aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis (typically post-infectious). The most common presenting phenotypes are acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in children and optic neuritis (ON) in adults. Some of these phenotypes have been studied in detail: Seronegative neuromyelitis optica Anti-MOG<unk> es have been described in some patients with NMOSD who were negative for the aquaporin 4 (AQP-4)<unk> . However, most NMOSD is an astrocytopathy, specifically an AQP4<unk> -associated disease, whereas<unk><unk> -associated disease is an oligodendrocytopathy, suggesting that these are two separate pathologic entities. Rare cases have been described of patients with<unk> es against both AQP4 and<unk> . These patients typically have MS-like brain lesions, multifocal spine lesions and optic nerve atrophy. However, the coexistence of both<unk> es is still a matter of ongoing debate. ADEM The presence of anti-MOG<unk> es is more common in children with ADEM. Tumefactive demyelination Rare cases of anti-MOG<unk> es in association with tumefactive multiple sclerosis have been described.
MOG antibody disease
Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency
Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome
Alagille syndrome
Rh disease
Inborn errors of immunity
Chronic granulomatous disease
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome