<unk>  <unk>  is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse or in vitro fertilisation. It is a fertility treatment for humans, and is common practice in animal breeding, including dairy cattle (see Frozen bovine semen) and pigs.<unk>  may employ assisted reproductive technology, sperm donation and animal husbandry techniques.<unk>  techniques available include intracervical<unk>  (ICI) and intrauterine<unk>  (IUI). The beneficiaries of<unk>  are women who desire to give birth to their own child who may be single, women who are in a lesbian relationship or women who are in a heterosexual relationship but with a male partner who is infertile or who has a physical impairment which prevents full intercourse from taking place. Intracervical<unk>  is the easiest and most common<unk>  technique and can be used in the home for self-insemination without medical practitioner assistance. Compared with natural<unk>  (i.e.,<unk>  by sexual intercourse),<unk>  can be more expensive and more invasive, and may require professional assistance. Some countries have laws which restrict and regulate who can donate sperm and who is able to receive<unk> , and the consequences of such<unk> . Some women who live in a jurisdiction which does not permit<unk>  in the circumstance in which she finds herself may travel to another jurisdiction which permits it.
Artificial insemination
Egg donation
Intrauterine device
Partner-assisted reproduction
Assisted reproductive technology
Hormonal IUDs
Ovarian stimulation
In vitro fertilisation