<unk>  photoreceptor cells in the retina are responsible for color vision, and are categorized as L, M, and S which refer to the wavelengths of light each is sensitive to. L (long) is most sensitive to red, M (medium) to green, and S (short) to<unk> . L-cones and M-cones are most responsible for visual acuity as they are concentrated in the fovea centralis, the central visual field.<unk>  is a severe condition in which the<unk> s sensitive to red or green light are missing or defective, and only S-cones sensitive to<unk>  light and rods which are responsible for night (scotopic) vision are functional. A variety of symptoms characterize BCM: affected individuals have low vision with a visual acuity between 20/60 and 20/200, and poor color discrimination. Phenomena such as photophobia (hemeralopia), which describes the event in which light is perceived as an intense glare, often manifest. Moreover, nystagmus is present from the age of 2 months though it may slowly decrease with age. Families with BCM-affected individuals show a recessive X-linked inheritance pattern. The majority of subjects with BCM are thought to have a stable condition, although there are cases showing evidence of disease progression and macular changes.
Blue cone monochromacy
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Quadrantanopia
Macular hypoplasia
Congenital stationary night blindness
Cortical visual impairment
Cerebral achromatopsia
Associative visual agnosia