Despite the treatment provided,<unk>  carries one of the poorest outcomes with 73-96% of the replanted teeth eventually being lost. There are three main factors which significantly influence the prognosis of the tooth. These include: * The extent of damage to the periodontal ligament (PDL) at the time of injury * The storage conditions of the avulsed tooth * The duration prior to replantation<unk>  trauma varies widely in complexity and usually there is little that lay people or professionals (excluding dentists) can do. However, avulsion is the one type of traumatic<unk>  injury where lay people can play a critical role in determining the prognosis of the tooth. The tooth has the best prognosis if it is replanted within 15 minutes of the accident but also has an excellent prognosis if it has been stored in an optimal storage medium within one hour of the accident. PDL healing is the primary outcome measure when assessing interventions for tooth avulsion. When the healing of the PDL is unfavourable it means that there is no longer protection for the root from the surrounding alveolar bone. The bone that surrounds the tooth is continually undergoing physiological remodelling. Over time, the root is gradually replaced by bone, which leads to the loss of tooth root and so the crown of the tooth fractures. The results of replanting permanent incisor teeth can be divided into short, medium and long-term survival of the tooth. If the tooth is replanted it acts in the short term to maintain space, maintain bone and provide good to excellent aesthetics. If unfavourable healing has occurred, the tooth can last into the medium term on 2-10+ years depending on the speed of bone turnover. Long-term survival of the tooth only happens when favourable healing of the periodontal ligament has occurred. If this happens the tooth can be estimated to survive as long as any other tooth
Dental avulsion
Stingray injury
Avulsion injury
Cerebral laceration
Lisfranc injury
Skull fracture
Barotrauma
Traumatic asphyxia