The treatment for<unk>  is controversial due to a lack of consensus on the different therapeutic procedures for treating arteriovenous malformations. The first successful treatment was performed by Morgan et al., who combined intracranial resection, ligation of the ophthalmic artery, and selective arterial ligature of the external carotid artery. Notably, the patient did not have retinal vascular malformations. Lesions are watched closely for changes in size. Prognosis is best when lesions are less than 3 cm in length. Most complications occur when the lesions are greater than 6 cm in size. Surgical intervention for intracranial lesions has been done successfully. Nonsurgical treatments include embolization, radiation therapy, and continued observation. When pursuing treatment, it is important to consider the size of the malformations, their locations, and neurological involvement. Because it is a congenital disorder, there are no preventative steps to take aside from regular follow-ups with a doctor to monitor symptoms so that future complications are avoided.
Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome
Bogart–Bacall syndrome
Favre–Racouchot syndrome
Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome
Jeavons syndrome
Hagemoser–Weinstein–Bresnick syndrome
Gougerot–Blum syndrome
Young–Simpson syndrome