<unk> is a surgical procedure to repair a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. This sense of the term<unk> " does not imply any sort of removal or quantitative decrease but rather implies a restoration: re ("back to initial position") + ducere ("lead"/"bring"), i.e., "bringing back to normal". When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their normal anatomical position. Orthopedic surgery attempts to recreate the normal anatomy of the fractured bone by<unk> of the displacement.<unk> could be by "closed" or "open" methods: * Open<unk> is where the fracture fragments are exposed surgically by dissecting the tissues. * Closed<unk> is the manipulation of the bone fragments without surgical exposure of the fragments. Because the process of<unk> can briefly be intensely painful, it is commonly done under a short-acting anesthetic, sedative, or nerve block. Once the fragments are reduced, the<unk> is maintained by application of casts, traction, or held by plates, screws, or other implants, which may in turn be external or internal. It is very important to verify the accuracy of<unk> by clinical tests and X-ray, especially in the case of joint dislocations.
Reduction 
Stabilization 
Regression 
Generalization 
Effacement 
Dominance 
Volition
Formication