<unk>  has been linked to hereditary genetics, and also associated with polar cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. Not all cases are treated for this iris abnormality, but when cases are treated the only treatment is surgical procedure and life-long ocular monitoring that is highly recommended. Considerations for surgery are surgical correction, intraocular surgery, and/or reapproximation, as if it was being treated for glaucoma or retinal detachment. Children under the age of 3, who do not seek surgical surgery, have responded well with miotic drops that contained mydriatic/cycloplegic, allowing the separate eye sphincters to dilate and constrict together. This allows improved balance of uncorrected visual acuity. A 1-mm limbal incisions would be made, a spatula is inserted through the side to elevate the two pupils (avoiding contact with the lens), and the iris tissue would be cut using viscoelastic material. Finally, the limbal incisions were closed with stromal hydration, and intracameral cefuroxime is applied. Surgical technique There have been cases where there are various techniques for surgical procedures and can be performed on children and adults. One of the techniques for repair is by using a double armed polypropylene suture, where the suture is left externally on the sclera with a knot buried in the scleral flap. This technique allows posterior fixation of intraocular lens implants in the absence of capsular support. Another technique for surgery is called pupilloplasty, where the patient would be placed under retrobulbar anesthesia with the pupils being dilated with 1% tropicamide.
Polycoria
Heterophoria
Orthophoria
Esophoria
Exophoria
Binocular dysphoria
Astigmatism
Astigmatism 