<unk>  is a laboratory technique in which samples of a virus are placed to different cell lines which the virus being tested for its ability to infect. If the cells show changes, known as cytopathic effects, then the<unk>  is positive. Traditional<unk>  has been generally superseded by shell<unk> , in which the sample is centrifuged onto a single layer of cells and viral growth is measured by antigen detection methods. This greatly reduces the time to detection for slow growing viruses such as cytomegalovirus, for which the method was developed. In addition, the centrifugation step in shell<unk>  enhances the sensitivity of this method because after centrifugation, the viral particles of the sample are in close proximity to the cells. Human and monkey cells are used in both traditional<unk>  and shell<unk> . Human virus types that can be identified by<unk>  include adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, varicella zoster virus, measles and mumps. For these, the final identification method is generally by immunofluorescence, with exception of cytomegalovirus and rhinovirus, whose identification in a<unk>  are determined by cytopathic effects. Preliminary research (i.e. not yet peer reviewed at the time of writing, 29 September 2020) exploring the potential suitability of<unk>  testing of SARS-CoV-2 has been conducted.
Viral culture
Viral load
Malaria culture
Throat culture
GeneXpert MTB/RIF
Rapid diagnostic test
Heterophile antibody test
Rabbit test