<unk>  is diagnosed using the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI). A patient is considered to have<unk>  when they have an Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) less than 5, but an RDI greater than or equal to 5. Unlike the Apnea-Hypopnea Index, the Respiratory Disturbance Index includes Respiratory Effort-related Arousals (RDI = AHI + RERA Index). In 2005, the definition of Sleep Apnea was changed to include patients with<unk>  by using RDI to determine sleep apnea severity. The diagnosis of<unk>  is based on findings on a polysomnogram. On polysomnograms, a<unk>  patient will have very few apneas and hypopneas, but many Respiratory effort-related Arousals. RERAs are periods of increased respiratory effort lasting for more than ten seconds and ending in arousal. Whether or not an event is classified as a RERA or Hypopnea depends on the definition of Hypopnea used by the sleep technician. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine currently recognizes two definitions. The scoring of Respiratory Effort-related Arousals is currently designated as "optional" by the AASM. Thus, many patients who receive sleep studies may receive a negative result, even if they have<unk> . Based on symptoms, patients are commonly misdiagnosed with idiopathic insomnia, idiopathic hypersomnia, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, or a psychiatric disorder such as ADHD or depression. Studies have found that children with<unk>  are frequently misdiagnosed with ADHD. One study found<unk>  or OSA present in up to 56% of children with ADHD. Studies show that symptoms of ADHD caused by<unk>  significantly improve or remit with treatment in surgically treated children.
Upper airway resistance syndrome
Central hypoventilation syndrome
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Hyperventilation syndrome
Reactive airway disease
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Cardiac asthma
Yokkaichi asthma