<unk> s can be diagnosed using both imaging modalities and under direct vision through endoscopic procedures such as Ureteroscopy. Several radiological studies can be used to detect such a<unk> . Ultrasound Scans can show signs of obstruction such as hydronephrosis, while a CT scans can show the same and can locate the<unk>  or narrowing especially if used with contrast (CT Urogram), it can delineate other pathologies that might contribute to<unk>  such as Tumours or impacted stones. Nuclear imaging plays a significant role to diagnose difficult cases and to evaluate the ipsilateral kidney function, such as MAG3 studies. Dynamic imaging are well known to play an essential diagnostic rule too such as Whitaker test. Overall, national and local guidelines, surgeon preferences and availability of the diagnostic modality plays a rule in choosing the diagnostic modalities used.
Ureteric stricture
Glomerulonephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Pyonephrosis
Urethral stricture
Obstructive uropathy
Bladder stone
Vesicoureteral reflux