;Tobacco: Tobacco exposure is the leading cause of cancer and death from it. Smoking tobacco is associated with increased risk of death of over 15 varieties of cancer including lung, larynx, mouth, esophagus, throat, brain, bladder, kidney, liver, stomach, pancreas, colon, rectum, cervix, ovary, urinary bladder, prostate, head and neck, brain and blood. Smokeless tobacco (snuff or chewing tobacco) is associated with increased risks of cancers of the mouth, esophagus, and pancreas. ;Alcohol: Alcohol consumption increases risk of cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, larynx, liver, and breast. The risk of cancer is much higher for those who drink alcohol and also use tobacco. ;Obesity: Obese individuals have an increased risk of cancer of the breast, colon, rectum, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder. ;Age: Advanced age is a risk factor for many cancers. The median age of cancer diagnosis is 66 years. ;Cancer-Causing Substances: Cancer is caused by changes to certain genes that alter the way our cells function. Some of them are the result of environmental exposures that damage DNA. These exposures may include substances, such as the chemicals in tobacco smoke, or radiation, such as ultraviolet rays from the sun and other carcinogens. ;Infectious Agents: Certain infectious agents, including<unk> oviruses, bacteria, and parasites, can cause cancer. ;Immunosuppression: The body's immune response plays a role in defending the body against cancer, a concept known mainly because certain cancers occur at a greatly increased prevalence among people with immunosuppression.
Oncology
Hematology
Neuro-oncology
Haematologica
Neurology
Osteology
Gynaecology
Nephrology