History Many terms have been used to describe atypical sexual interests, and there remains debate regarding technical accuracy and perceptions of stigma. Sexologist John Money popularized the term<unk>  as a non-pejorative designation for unusual sexual interests. Money described<unk>  as "a sexuoerotic embellishment of, or alternative to the official, ideological norm." Psychiatrist Glen Gabbard writes that despite efforts by Stekel and Money, "the term<unk>  remains pejorative in most circumstances." Coinage of the term<unk>  <unk>  has been credited to Friedrich Salomon Krauss in 1903, and it entered the English language in 1913, in reference to Krauss by urologist William J. Robinson. It was used with some regularity by Wilhelm Stekel in the 1920s. The term comes from the Greek παρά (para) "beside" and φιλία (-philia) "friendship, love". In the late 19th century, psychologists and psychiatrists started to categorize various<unk> s as they wanted a more descriptive system than the legal and religious constructs of sodomy and perversion. Before the introduction of the term<unk>  in the DSM-III (1980), the term sexual deviation was used to refer to<unk> s in the first two editions of the manual. In 1981, an article published in American Journal of Psychiatry described<unk>  as "recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving" the following: * Non-human objects * The suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner * Children * Non-consenting persons Homosexuality and non-heterosexuality Homosexuality, now widely accepted as a variant of human sexuality, was at one time discussed as a sexual deviation. Sigmund Freud and subsequent psychoanalytic thinkers considered homosexuality and<unk> s to result from psychosexual non-normative relations to the Oedipal complex. As such, the term sexual perversion or the epithet pervert have historically referred to gay men, as well as other non-heterosexuals (people who fall outside the perceived norms of sexual orientation). By the mid-20th century, mental health practitioners began formalizing "deviant sexuality" classifications into categories. Originally coded as 000-x63, homosexuality was the top of the classification list (Code 302.0) until the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the DSM in 1973. Martin Kafka writes, "Sexual disorders once considered<unk> s (e.g., homosexuality) are now regarded as variants of normal sexuality." A 2012 literature study by clinical psychologist James Cantor, when comparing homosexuality with<unk> s, found that both share "the features of onset and course (both homosexuality and<unk>  being life-long), but they appear to differ on sex ratio, fraternal birth order, handedness, IQ and cognitive profile, and neuroanatomy". The research then concluded that the data seemed to suggest<unk> s and homosexuality as two distinct categories, but regarded the conclusion as "quite tentative" given the current limited understanding of<unk> s.
Paraphilia
Hypersexuality
Musical anhedonia
Alexithymia
Dysgraphia
Gender dysphoria
Acrophobia
Hyperreligiosity