Portrait of Jan de Doot, by Carel van Savoyen, holding the bladder stone he removed from himself according to a 1652 account in the book Observationes Medicae by Nicolaes Tulp<unk>  is a procedure in which a surgical incision is made and the bladder, ureters or affected organ opened surgically to remove stones.
Lithotomy
Rib removal
Thoracentesis
Paracentesis
Axotomy
Decortication
Pleurodesis
Cricoidectomy