Mechanism of action<unk>  is a beta-lactam antibiotic of the cephalosporin family. It is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. As<unk>  closely resembles d-alanyl-d-alanine, an amino acid ending on the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall, it is able to irreversibly bind to the active site of PBP, which is essential for the synthesis of the cell wall. It is most active against gram-positive cocci, and has moderate activity against some gram-negative bacilli. However, some bacterial cells have the enzyme β-lactamase, which hydrolyzes the beta-lactam ring, rendering the drug inactive. This contributes to antibacterial resistance towards<unk> . Pharmacokinetics<unk>  is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with oral administration. Absorption is slightly reduced when it is taken with food and the medication can be taken without regard for meals. Peak levels of<unk>  occur about 1 hour after administration. Maximal levels of<unk>  increase approximately linearly over a dose range of 250 to 1,000 mg. Like most other cephalosporins,<unk>  is not metabolized or otherwise inactivated in the body. The elimination half-life of<unk>  is approximately 30 to 60 minutes in people with normal renal function. Therapeutic levels of<unk>  with oral administration are maintained for 6 to 8 hours. For this reason,<unk>  is typically administered once every 6 to 12 hours depending on the indication. More than 90% of<unk>  is excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hours.
Cefalexin
Meropenem
Imipenem
Vancomycin
Resistin
Doripenem
Ertapenem
Aztreonam