* Hypothyroidism in up to 50% of patients after ten years. * Laryngeal nerve injury in about 1% of patients, in particular the recurrent laryngeal nerve: Unilateral damage results in a hoarse voice. Bilateral damage presents as laryngeal obstruction after surgery and can be a surgical emergency: an emergency tracheostomy may be needed. Recurrent Laryngeal nerve injury may occur during the ligature of the inferior thyroid artery. * Hypoparathyroidism temporary (transient) in many patients, but permanent in about 1 to 4% of patients * Anesthetic complications * Infection (at about a 2% rate. Drainage is an important part of treatment.), possibly an increased risk with chronic pre-operative steroid use. * Stitch granuloma * Chyle leak * Haemorrhage/Hematoma (This may compress the airway, becoming life-threatening.) * Removal or devascularization of the parathyroids
Thyroidectomy
Laser ablation of thyroid nodules
Parathyroidectomy
Hypophysectomy
Thyroplasty
Pyrotherapy
Adrenalectomy
Thyrotomy