An<unk>  <unk>  is a surgical procedure that uses autologous<unk>  in order to close one or many holes in the dura mater of the spinal cord, usually as a result of a previous lumbar puncture or<unk> . The procedure can be used to relieve orthostatic headaches, most commonly post dural puncture headache (PDPH). The procedure carries the typical risks of any<unk>  procedure. They are usually administered near the site of the cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF leak), but in some cases the upper part of the spine is targeted. An<unk>  needle is inserted into the<unk>  space like a traditional<unk>  procedure. The<unk>  modulates the pressure of the CSF and forms a clot, sealing the leak.<unk> s were first described by American anesthesiologist Turan Ozdil and surgeon James B Gormley around 1960.<unk> s are an invasive procedure but are safe and effective—further intervention is sometimes necessary, and repeat<unk> es can be administered until symptoms resolve. It is the standard treatment for PDPH. Common side effects include back pain and headache. Rebound intracranial hypertension in people with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is common, and people with SIH may have less success with<unk> s. While the procedure uses<unk> , it does not carry a significant infectious risk, even in immunocompromised people. The procedure is not entirely benign—seven cases of arachnoiditis have been reported as a result of administration.
Epidural blood patch
Epidural steroid injection
Microvascular decompression
Lumbar–peritoneal shunt
Epidural administration
Intrathecal pump
Spinal decompression
Craniotomy