<unk> , also called gonadal<unk> , is a type of genetic<unk>  where more than one set of genetic information is found specifically within the gamete cells; conversely, somatic<unk>  is a type of genetic<unk>  found in somatic cells.<unk>  can be present at the same time as somatic<unk>  or individually, depending on when the conditions occur. Pure<unk>  refers to<unk>  found exclusively in the gametes and not in any somatic cells.<unk>  can be caused either by a mutation that occurs after conception, or by epigenetic regulation, alterations to DNA such as methylation that do not involve changes in the DNA coding sequence. A mutation in an allele acquired by a somatic cell early in its development can be passed on to its daughter cells, including those that later specialize to gametes. With such mutation within the gamete cells, a pair of medically typical individuals may have repeated succession of children who suffer from certain genetic disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and osteogenesis imperfecta because of<unk> . It is possible for parents unaffected by germline mutations to produce an offspring with an autosomal dominant (AD) disorder due to a random new mutation within one’s gamete cells known as sporadic mutation; however, if these parents produce more than one child with an AD disorder,<unk>  is more likely the cause than a sporadic mutation. In the first documented case of its kind, two offspring of a French woman who had no phenotypic expression of the AD disorder hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, inherited the disease.
Germline mosaicism
Uniparental disomy
Robertsonian translocation
Genomic imprinting
Structural inheritance
Aneuploidy
Germline mutation
Trisomy