Production of pyocyanin, water-soluble green pigment of<unk>  (left tube) Depending on the nature of infection, an appropriate specimen is collected and sent to a bacteriology laboratory for identification. As with most bacteriological specimens, a Gram stain is performed, which may show Gram-negative rods and/or white blood cells.<unk>  produces colonies with a characteristic "grape-like" or "fresh-tortilla" odor on bacteriological media. In mixed cultures, it can be isolated as clear colonies on MacConkey agar (as it does not ferment lactose) which will test positive for oxidase. Confirmatory tests include production of the blue-green pigment pyocyanin on cetrimide agar and growth at 42 °C. A TSI slant is often used to distinguish nonfermenting<unk>  species from enteric<unk> thogens in faecal specimens. When<unk>  is isolated from a normally sterile site (blood, bone, deep collections), it is generally considered dangerous, and almost always requires treatment. However,<unk>  is frequently isolated from nonsterile sites (mouth swabs, sputum, etc.), and, under these circumstances, it may represent colonization and not infection. The isolation of<unk>  from nonsterile specimens should, therefore, be interpreted cautiously, and the advice of a microbiologist or infectious diseases physician/pharmacist should be sought prior to starting treatment. Often, no treatment is needed. Identification Test Results Gram Stain - Oxidase + Indole Production - Methyl Red - Voges-Proskauer - Citrate + Hydrogen Sulfide Production - Urea Hydrolysis - Phenylalanine Deaminase - Lysine Decarboxylase - Motility + Gelatin Hydrolysis + acid from lactose - acid from glucose + acid from maltose - acid from mannitol + acid from sucrose - nitrate reduction + DNAse - Lipase + Pigment + (bluish green pigmentation) Catalase + Hemolysis Beta/variable<unk>  is a Gram-negative, aerobic (and at times facultatively anaerobic), rod-shaped bacterium with unipolar motility. It has been identified as an opportunistic<unk> thogen of both humans and plants.<unk>  is the type species of the genus<unk> . Identification of<unk>  can be complicated by the fact individual isolates often lack motility. Furthermore, mutations in the gene lasR drastically alter colony morphology and typically lead to failure to hydrolyze gelatin or hemolyze. In certain conditions,<unk>  can secrete a variety of pigments, including pyocyanin (blue), pyoverdine (yellow and fluorescent), pyorubin (red), and pyomelanin (brown). These can be used to identify the organism.<unk>  fluorescence under UV illumination Clinical identification of<unk>  may include identifying the production of both pyocyanin and fluorescein, as well as its ability to grow at 42 °C.<unk>  is capable of growth in diesel and jet fuels, where it is known as a hydrocarbon-using microorganism, causing microbial corrosion. It creates dark, gellish mats sometimes improperly called "algae" because of their appearance.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acinetobacter baumannii
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus bovis
Enterobacter cloacae
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus anthracis
Pasteurella