Symptomatic treatment usually involves analgesics for both cranial and spinal CSF<unk> s. Initial measures can include rest, caffeine intake (via coffee or intravenous infusion), and hydration. Corticosteroids may provide transient relief for some patients. An abdominal binder, which increases intracranial pressure by compressing the abdomen, can temporarily relieve symptoms for some people. Sometimes a CSF<unk>  will heal on its own. Otherwise, symptoms may last months or even years. Epidural blood patch autologous blood and injected in the epidural space in order to close holes in the dura mater. The treatment of choice for this condition is the surgical application of epidural blood patches, which has a higher success rate than conservative treatments of bed rest and hydration. Through the injection of a person's own blood into the area of the hole in the dura, an epidural blood patch uses blood's clotting factors to clot the sites of holes. The volume of autologous blood and number of patch attempts for patients is highly variable. One-quarter to one-third of SCSFLS patients do not have relief of symptoms from epidural blood patching. Finding the location of a<unk>  is not required prior to using an epidural blood patch as initial lumbar epidural blood patches often provide relief of symptoms and resolve the<unk>  without further intervention. Fibrin glue sealant If blood patches alone do not succeed in closing the dural tears, placement of percutaneous fibrin glue can be used in place of blood patching, raising the effectiveness of forming a clot and arresting CSF<unk> age. Surgical drain technique In extreme cases of intractable CSF<unk> , a surgical lumbar drain has been used. This procedure is believed to decrease spinal CSF volume while increasing intracranial CSF pressure and volume. This procedure restores normal intracranial CSF volume and pressure while promoting the healing of dural tears by lowering the pressure and volume in the dura. This procedure has led to positive results leading to relief of symptoms for up to one year. Neurosurgical repair Surgery to treat a CSF-venous fistula in CSF<unk>  patients is highly effective. Neurosurgery is available to directly repair<unk> ing meningeal diverticula. The areas of dura<unk>  can be tied together in a process called ligation and then a metal clip can be placed in order to hold the ligation closed. Alternatively, a small compress called a pledget can be placed over the dura<unk>  and then sealed with gel foam and fibrin glue. Primary suturing is rarely able to repair a CSF<unk> , and in some patients exploration of the dura may be required to properly locate all sites of CSF<unk> . Adjunct measures The use of antibiotics to prevent meningitis in those with a CSF<unk>  due to a skull fracture is of unclear benefit.
Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Pneumocephalus
Brain herniation
Hemicrania continua
Hydrocephalus
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Epidural hematoma