Although<unk>  is generally regarded as safe, risks are increased for therapeutic rTMS compared to single or paired diagnostic<unk> . Adverse effects generally increase with higher frequency stimulation. The greatest immediate risk from<unk>  is fainting, though this is uncommon. Seizures have been reported, but are rare. Other adverse effects include short term discomfort, pain, brief episodes of hypomania, cognitive change, hearing loss, impaired working memory, and the induction of electrical currents in implanted devices such as cardiac pacemakers.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial direct-current stimulation
Non-invasive cerebellar stimulation
Transcranial random noise stimulation
Electrical brain stimulation
Deep brain stimulation
Thalamic stimulator
Magnetic seizure therapy