Left untreated,<unk>  can cause significant morbidity (sickness). During surgery, there is a risk for complications due to the highly vascular nature of the tissue. The urethral sphincters and its smooth muscle, as well as the neck of the bladder, can be injured regardless of the surgical approach. Other complications from surgery can include urinary incontinence, stress incontinence, a urethrovaginal fistula, or recurrent diverticula. Horseshoe-shaped diverticula and diverticula that completely surround the urethra are both associated with worse outcomes, as are those located close to the bladder, and large (over 3–4 cm) diverticula.
Urethral diverticulum
Ureterovaginal fistula
Urethrocele
Urogenital fistula
Hydrocele
Rectovaginal fistula
Urethral cancer
Urethral foreign body