<unk>  is a vascular disease involving an interruption in the arterial blood supply to a<unk> ssue, organ, or extremity that, if untreated, can lead to<unk> ssue death. It can be caused by embolism, thrombosis of an atherosclerotic artery, or trauma. Venous problems like venous outflow obstruction and low-flow states can cause acute arterial<unk> . An aneurysm is one of the most frequent causes of acute arterial<unk> . Other causes are heart conditions including myocardial infarction, mitral valve disease, chronic atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathies, and prosthesis, in all of which thrombi are prone to develop. Occlusion The thrombi may dislodge and may travel anywhere in the circulatory system, where they may lead to pulmonary embolus, an acute arterial occlusion causing the oxygen and blood supply distal to the embolus to decrease suddenly. The degree and extent of symptoms depend on the size and location of the obstruction, the occurrence of clot fragmentation with embolism to smaller vessels, and the degree of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). * Thromboembolism (blood clots) * Embolism (foreign bodies in the circulation, e.g. amniotic fluid embolism) Trauma Traumatic injury to an extremity may produce partial or total occlusion of a vessel from compression, shearing, or laceration. Acute arterial occlusion may develop as a result of arterial dissection in the carotid artery or aorta or as a result of iatrogenic arterial injury (e.g., after angiography). Other An inadequate flow of blood to a part of the body may be caused by any of the following: * Thoracic outlet syndrome (compression of the brachial plexus) * Atherosclerosis (lipid-laden plaques obstructing the lumen of arteries) * Hypoglycemia (lower than normal level of glucose) * Tachycardia (abnormally rapid beating of the heart) * Radiotherapy * Hypotension (low blood pressure, e.g. in septic shock, heart failure) * Outside compression of a blood vessel, e.g. by a tumor or in the case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome * Sickle cell disease (abnormally shaped red blood cells) * Induced g-forces which restrict the blood flow and force the blood to the extremities of the body, as in acrobatics and military flying * Localized extreme cold, such as by frostbite or improper cold compression therapy * Tourniquet application * An increased level of glutamate receptor stimulation * Arteriovenous malformations and peripheral artery occlusive disease * rupture of significant blood vessels supplying a<unk> ssue or organ. * Anemia vasoconstricts the periphery so that red blood cells can work internally on vital organs such as the heart, brain, etc., thus causing lack of oxygen to the periphery. * Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant. * Unconsciousness, such as due to the ingestion of excessive doses of central depressants like alcohol or opioids, can result in<unk>  of the extremities due to unusual body positions that prevent normal circulation
Ischemia
Infarction
Venous stasis
Heat edema
Angiopathy
Contracture
Reperfusion injury
Scar