There are roughly 1213 cases annually per 10,000 population in women receiving outpatient treatment and 34 cases requiring admission. In men, 23 cases per 10,000 are treated as outpatients and 1 cases/10,000 require admission. Young women are most often affected. Infants and the elderly are also at increased risk, reflecting anatomical changes and hormonal status. Xanthogranulomatous<unk>  is most common in middle-aged women. It can present somewhat differently in children, in whom it may be mistaken for Wilms' tumor.
Pyelonephritis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pyonephrosis
Endometriosis
Ureteritis
Kidney stone disease
Hydronephrosis
Ovarian torsion