It has been estimated that<unk>  is present in more than 10% of the population. Younger children are more prone to<unk>  because of the relative shortness of the submucosal ureters. This susceptibility decreases with age as the length of the ureters increases as the children grow. In children under the age of 1 year with a urinary tract infection, 70% will have<unk> . This number decreases to 15% by the age of 12. Although<unk>  is more common in males antenatally, in later life there is a definite female preponderance with 85% of cases being female.
Vesicoureteral reflux
Obstructive uropathy
Ureteric stricture
Glomerulonephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Urethral stricture
Pyelonephritis
Emphysematous cystitis