In 1983, Heffez and colleagues published a case report in which they suggested eight criteria for a definitive diagnosis of<unk> : * Positive biopsy with the presence of angiomatous tissue * Absence of cellular atypia * Minimal or no osteoblastic response or dystrophic calcifications * Evidence of local bone progressive osseous resorption * Nonexpansile, nonulcerative lesions * No involvement of viscera * Osteolytic radiographic pattern * Negative hereditary, metabolic, neoplastic, immunologic, or infectious etiology In the early stages of the disease, X-rays reveal changes resembling patchy osteoporosis. As the disease progresses, bone deformity occurs with further loss of bone mass, and in the tubular bones (the long bones of the arms and legs), a concentric shrinkage is often seen which has been described as having a "sucked candy" appearance. Once the cortex (the outer shell) of the bone has been disrupted, and vascular channels may invade adjacent soft tissues and joints. Eventually, complete or near-complete resorption of the bone occurs and may extend to adjacent bones, though spontaneous arrest of bone loss has been reported on occasion. Throughout this process, as the bone is destroyed, it is replaced by angiomatous and/or fibrous tissue. Often,<unk>  is not recognized until a fracture occurs, with subsequent improper bone healing. The diagnosis essentially is one of exclusion and must be based on combined clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings. X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, ultrasounds, and nuclear medicine (bone scans) are all important tools in the diagnostic workup and surgical planning, but none has the ability alone to produce a definitive diagnosis. Surgical biopsy with histological identification of the vascular or lymphatic proliferation within a generous section of the affected bone is an essential component in the diagnostic process. Recognition of the disease requires a high index of suspicion and an extensive workup. Because of its serious morbidity,<unk> 's must always be considered in the differential diagnosis of osteolytic lesions.
Gorham's disease
Darier's disease
Chandler's disease
Texier's disease
Camisa disease
Milroy's disease
Minor's disease
Tornwaldt's disease