Risk factors include catheter use and chronic urinary tract infections, being female, diabetes mellitus, neurogenic bladder, and being in an immunocompromised state. In 50% of cases, patients are elderly and diabetic. Obstruction of the urinary tract as well as urinary stasis, often brought on by paralysis of the urinary tract, are also major risk factors in addition to diabetes. Transplant recipients have also been found to be at risk. Introduction of infection from external means was discovered in one case study where a male with no history of diabetes or abnormalities to his immune system had recently undergone a transrectal ultrasound needle-guided prostate biopsy contracted a severe case of sepsis, which led to a case of<unk> . The patient went on to develop disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and acute respiratory distress syndrome. After a stay in Intensive Care undergoing broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, the patient was eventually discharged in stable condition. Patients diagnosed with<unk>  are also commonly diagnosed with urinary tract infections and sepsis. Cases of<unk>  in a clinical study have shown to progress quickly and are life-threatening and sometimes fatal due to inflammation caused by gas forming organisms.
Emphysematous cystitis
Interstitial cystitis
Eosinophilic cystitis
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Obstructive uropathy
Pyelonephritis
Pyonephrosis
Acute prostatitis