Patients with a wide range of mental disorders which disturb brain function experience different kinds of<unk> , including<unk> .<unk>  usually occur in patients with syndromes associated with secondary mania, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Wilson's disease. Secondary mania has also been caused by substances such as L-DOPA and isoniazid which modify the monoaminergic neurotransmitter function. Vitamin B12 deficiency, uremia, hyperthyroidism as well as the carcinoid syndrome have been found to cause secondary mania, and thus<unk> . In diagnosing<unk> , the MacArthur-Maudsley Assessment of<unk>  Schedule is used to assess the patient.
Grandiose delusions
Musical hallucinations
Callous and unemotional traits
Ideas and delusions of reference
Schizoid avoidant behavior
Musical anhedonia
Racing thoughts
Homicidal ideation