Valves types A ventriculoperitoneal shunt running from a brain ventricle to the abdominal cavity. CT scan of the head, 2016 Valve type Description Delta Designed to prevent overdrainage. Remains closed until ICP reaches a predetermined level. Leaves shunted ventricle larger than the non-shunted ventricles. Medium pressure cylindrical Can lead to uneven drainage of ventricles. Nulsen and Spitz Contains two ball-valve units connected with a spring. Does not have an adjustable pressure setting. First mass-produced valve used to treat hydrocephalus in 1956. Spitz-Holter Uses slits in silicone to avoid mechanical failure. Anti-siphon Prevents over drainage by preventing the siphon effect. The device closes when the pressure within the valve becomes negative relative to the ambient pressure. Prevents overdrainage that might occur when a patient sits, stands or rapidly changes posture. Sigma The Sigma valve operates on a flow-control mechanism as opposed to the pressure-control system of other valves. The device can regulate CSF flow changes without being programmed or surgically changed. The first iteration was introduced in 1987. Valve operated in three stages to prevent over and under drainage. Shunt location X-ray of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt The location of the shunt is determined by the neurosurgeon based on the type and location of the blockage causing hydrocephalus. All brain ventricles are candidates for shunting. The catheter is most commonly placed in the abdomen but other locations include the heart and lungs. Shunts can often be named after the route used by the neurosurgeon. The distal end of the catheter can be located in just about any tissue with enough epithelial cells to absorb the incoming CSF. Below are some common routing plans for<unk> s. Frazier's point It is located on the parietal bone, above the lambdoid suture. More specifically, 3 to 4 cm lateral to the midline and 6 cm above the inion. It is a common site for ventricular cannulation in the context of inserting a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus. It was first described by C H Frazier in 1928. Shunt routing Route Location of fluid drain Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VP shunt) Peritoneal cavity Ventriculo-atrial shunt (VA shunt) Right atrium of the heart Ventriculo-pleural shunt (VPL shunt) Pleural cavity Ventriculo-cisternal shunt (VC shunt) Cisterna magna Ventriculo-subgaleal shunt (SG shunt) Subgaleal space Lumbar-peritoneal shunt (LP shunt) Peritoneal cavity A subgaleal shunt is usually a temporary measure used in infants who are too small or premature to tolerate other shunt types. The surgeon forms a pocket beneath the epicranial aponeurosis (the subgaleal space) and allows CSF to drain from the ventricles, creating a fluid-filled swelling on the baby's scalp. These shunts are normally converted to VP or other shunt types once the infant is big enough.
Cerebral shunt
Lumbar–peritoneal shunt
Cardiac shunt
Sano shunt
Cerebrospinal fluid diversion
Ventriculotomy 
Ventriculostomy
Atriocaval shunt