Though<unk>  was the single most important way of localizing brain lesions of its time, it was, nevertheless, extremely painful and generally not well tolerated by conscious patients.<unk>  was associated with a wide range of side-effects, including headaches and severe vomiting, often lasting well past the procedure. During the study, the patient's entire body would be rotated into different positions in order to allow air to displace the CSF in different areas of the ventricular system and around the brain. The patient would be strapped into an open backed chair which allowed the spinal needle to be inserted, and they would need to be secured well, for they would be turned upside down at times during the procedure and then somersaulted into a face down position in a specific order to follow the air to different areas in the ventricles. This further added to the patient's already heightened level of discomfort (if not anesthetized). A related procedure is pneumomyelography, where gas is used similarly to investigate the spinal canal.
Pneumoencephalography
Brain biopsy
Hemoencephalography
Cranioscopy
Cranio-corpography
Meningeal biopsy
CSF tap test
Lumbar puncture