Individuals with<unk>  have an "exceptionally elevated risk for cardiovascular events and the majority will eventually die of a cardiac or cerebrovascular etiology"; prognosis is correlated with the severity of the<unk>  as measured by an ABI. Large-vessel<unk>  increases mortality from cardiovascular<unk>  significantly.<unk>  carries a greater than "20% risk of a coronary event in 10 years". The risk is low that an individual with claudication will develop severe ischemia and require amputation, but the risk of death from coronary events is three to four times higher than matched controls without claudication. Of patients with intermittent claudication, only "7% will undergo lower-extremity bypass surgery, 4% major amputations, and 16% worsening claudication", but stroke and heart attack events are elevated, and the "5-year mortality rate is estimated to be 30% (versus 10% in controls)".
Peripheral artery disease
Lumbar spinal stenosis
Chronic venous insufficiency
Varicose veins
Diabetic foot
Spinal stenosis
Diabetic foot ulcer
Raynaud syndrome