A 2008 study found that over 85% of women having a vaginal birth sustain some form of<unk>  trauma. A retrospective study of 8,603 vaginal deliveries in 1994 found a third degree<unk>  had been clinically diagnosed in only 50 women (0.6%). However, when the same authors used anal endosonography in a consecutive group of 202 deliveries, there was evidence of third degree<unk> s in 35% of first-time mothers and 44% of mothers with previous children. These numbers are confirmed by other researchers in 1999. A study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found that in 2011, first- and second-degree<unk>  was the most common complicating condition for vaginal deliveries in the U.S. among women covered by either private insurance or Medicaid. Second-degree<unk>  laceration rates were higher for women covered by private insurance than for women covered by Medicaid.
Perineal tear
Perineal hernia
Perianal hematoma
Rectovaginal fistula
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Vesicovaginal fistula
Sigmoidocele
Urethrovaginal fistula