Water hammer<unk>  is commonly found when a patient has aortic regurgitation. It can also be seen in other conditions which are associated with a hyperdynamic circulation. A more comprehensive list of causes follows: * Physiological * Fever * Pregnancy * Cardiac lesions * Aortic regurgitation * Patent ductus arteriosus * Systolic hypertension * Bradycardia * Aortopulmonary window * Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva * Syndromes or high-output states * Anemia * Cor pulmonale * Cirrhosis of liver * Beriberi * Thyrotoxicosis * Arteriovenous fistula * Paget's disease * Other causes * Chronic alcoholism
Collapsing pulse
Retroperistalsis
Pulsus paradoxus
Pulsus alternans
Shifting dullness
Intrinsicoid deflection
Precordial thump
Local gigantism