Karenia brevis, the primary dinoflagellate organism responsible for brevetoxin production. Red Tide caused by dinoflagellates. Picture taken off the coast of San Diego, California.<unk>  <unk>  is caused by the consumption of brevetoxins, which are marine toxins produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (among several others). These toxins can produce a series of gastrointestinal and neurological effects. Outbreaks of<unk>  commonly take place following harmful algal bloom (HAB) events, commonly referred to as "Florida red tide" (given that blooms are more commonplace along the coasts of Florida and Texas, especially during late summer and early fall). Algal blooms are a naturally-occurring phenomenon, however their frequency has been increasing in recent decades at least in-part due to human activities, climate changes, and the eutrophication (over-abundance of plant nutrients as a result of agricultural runoff, deforestation, river bed erosion, etc.) of marine waters. HABs have been occurring for all of documented history, evidenced by the Native Americans' understanding of the dangers of<unk>  consumption during periods of marine bioluminescence (a phenomenon observed during algal blooms). Blooms have been noted to occur as far north as North Carolina and are commonly seen alongside the widespread death of fish and sea birds. In addition to the effects on human health, the economic impact of HAB-associated<unk>  toxin outbreaks can have significant economic implications as well due to not only the associated healthcare costs, but the adverse impact on the commercial<unk>  industry.
Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
Amnesic shellfish poisoning
Paralytic shellfish poisoning
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning
Scombroid food poisoning
Shellfish poisoning
Organophosphate poisoning
Ciguatera fish poisoning