Side effects Previously, hypertension was defined as a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg but has since been revised by the American College of<unk> rdiology/American Heart Association Task Force to a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg or higher in adults. This is a severe problem for the heart and<unk> n<unk> use many other complications. In a study of 120<unk> rctation repair recipients done in Groningen, The Netherlands, twenty-nine patients (25%) experienced hypertension in the later years of life due to the repair. While hypertension has many different factors that lead to this stage of blood pressure, people who have had a<unk> rctation repair — regardless of the age at which the operation was performed — are at much higher risk than the general public of hypertension later in life. Undetected chronic hypertension may result earlier atherosclerosis in the arterial area and<unk> n lead to earlier death among<unk> rctation repair patients, at higher rates as time progresses. Angioplasty is a procedure done to dilate an abnormally narrow section of a blood vessel to allow better blood flow. This is done in a<unk> rdiac<unk> theterization laboratory. Typically taking two to three hours, the procedure may take longer but usually patients are able to leave the hospital the same day. After a<unk> rctation repair 20-60% of infant patients may experience reoccurring stenosis at the site of the original operation. This<unk> n be fixed by either another<unk> rctectomy. Coronary artery disease <unk> D) is a major issue for patients who have undergone a<unk> rctation repair. Many years after the procedure is done, heart disease not only has an increased chance of affecting<unk> rctation patients, but also progresses through the levels of severity at an alarmingly increased rate. In one study, one fourth of the patients who experienced a<unk> rctation later died of heart disease, some at a relatively young age. Clinical criteria are used in most studies when defining recurrence of<unk> rctation (recoarctation) when blood pressure is at a difference of >20 mmHg between the lower and upper limbs. This procedure is most common in infant patients and is uncommon in adult patients. 10.8% of infant patients underwent recoarctations at less than two years of age while another 3.1% of older children received a recoarctation. People who have had a<unk>  are likely to have bicuspid<unk> c valve disease. Between 20% and 85% of patients are affected by this disease. Bicuspid<unk> c valve disease is a big contributor to<unk> rdiac failure, which in turn makes up roughly 20% of late deaths to<unk> rctation patients. Follow-up Because of the risk of recoarctation and late hypertension, check-ups are needed once a year or less frequently depending on the individual<unk> se. It is important to visit the<unk> rdiologist on a regular basis. Depending on the severity of the patient's condition, which is evaluated on a<unk> se-by-case level, visiting a<unk> rdiologist<unk> n be a once a year or less frequent surveillance check-up. Keeping a regular schedule of appointments with a<unk> rdiologist after a<unk> rctation procedure is complete helps increase the chances of optimal health for the patients. Nowadays, life expectancy is considered normal given the repair was successfully done in early childhood. Treatment of recoarctation is usually successfully done without the need for open-heart surgery. Recoarctation is increasingly less common in the modern era. Late hypertension does also seem to be much less of a problem if the<unk> rctation repair was performed within the first 5 years of life. Life expectancy and quality of life are therefore the same or very close to that of the normal population, but check ups are recommended so that those few percent who need further treatment get it in time.
Coarctation of the aorta
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm
Annuloaortic ectasia
Double aortic arch
Interrupted aortic arch
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary vein stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis