Endoscopic image of small gastric ulcer with visible vessel The diagnosis of<unk>  is assumed when hematemesis is documented. In the absence of hematemesis, an<unk>  source for<unk>  bleeding is likely in the presence of at least two factors among: black stool, age (prevalence of 39%) Negative predictive value(prevalence of 39%) Gastroccult 95% 82% 77% 96% Physician assessment 79% 55% 53% 20% Holman used simulated gastric specimens and found the Hemoccult test to have significant problems with non-specificity and false-positive results, whereas the Gastroccult test was very accurate. Holman found that by 120 seconds after the developer was applied, the Hemoccult test was positive on all control samples. A scoring system called the Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score found 16% of people presenting with<unk><unk>  bleed had Glasgow-Blatchford score of "0", considered low. Among these people there were no deaths or interventions needed and they were able to be effectively treated in an outpatient setting. Score is equal to "0" if the following are all present: # Hemoglobin level >12.9 g/dL (men) or >11.9 g/dL (women) # Systolic blood pressure >109 mm Hg # Pulse <100/minute # Blood urea nitrogen level <18.2 mg/dL # No melena or syncope # No past or present liver disease or heart failure Bayesian calculation The predictive values cited are based on the prevalences of<unk>  in the corresponding studies. A clinical calculator can be used to generate predictive values for other prevalences.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Rectal bleeding
Gastric varices
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Internal bleeding
Nosebleed
Retroperitoneal bleeding