Diagnosis of<unk>  lesions is of clinical importance because of the increased risk of coexisting (39% of women with<unk>  will be diagnosed with carcinoma within one year) or future (the long term<unk>  cancer risk is 45 times greater for a woman with<unk>  compared to one with only a benign<unk>  histology)<unk>  cancer. Diagnostic terminology is that used by pathologists, physicians who diagnose human disease by examination of histologic preparations of excised tissues. Critical distinctions in<unk>  diagnosis are separation from benign conditions such as benign<unk>  hyperplasia (a field effect in<unk>  tissue caused by excessive stimulation by the hormone estrogen), and cancer. The spectrum of disease which must be distinguished from<unk>  (Table II) includes benign<unk>  hyperplasia and carcinoma: Table II: Disease classes that need to be distinguished from<unk> . Disease Class<unk>  Topography Functional Category Treatment Benign<unk>  hyperplasia Diffuse Hormone (estrogen) Effect Hormonal therapy<unk> ,<unk>  Focal progressing to diffuse (clonal) Precancer Hormonal or surgical<unk>  Adenocarcinoma Focal progressing to diffuse (clonal) Cancer Surgical stage-based<unk>  may be diagnosed by a trained pathologist by examination of tissue sections of the endometrium. All of the following diagnostic criteria must be met in a single area of one tissue fragment to make the diagnosis (Table III). Table III:<unk>  diagnosis.<unk>  Criterion Comments 1 Architecture Gland area exceeds that of stroma, usually in a localized region. 2 Cytological Alterations Cytology differs between architecturally crowded focus and background. 3 Size greater than 1mm Minimum linear dimension should exceed 1mm. Smaller lesions have unknown natural history. 4 Exclude mimics Basalis, normal secretory, polyps, repair, lower uterine segment, cystic atrophy, tangential sections, menstrual collapse, disruption artifact, etc. 5 Exclude Cancer Carcinoma should be diagnosed if: glands are mazelike and rambling, there are solid areas of epithelial growth, or there are significant bridges or cribriform areas.
Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
Endometrial polyp
Cervical polyp
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
Adenomyosis
Vaginal adenosis