<unk> , also known as<unk> -VEGF therapy or<unk> -VEGF medication, is the use of medications that block<unk><unk><unk><unk> . This is done in the treatment of certain cancers and in age-related macular degeneration. They can involve monoclonal<unk> bodies such as bevacizumab,<unk> body derivatives such as ranibizumab (Lucentis), or orally-available small molecules that inhibit the tyrosine kinases stimulated by VEGF: sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, and pazopanib. (Some of these therapies target VEGF receptors rather than the VEGFs.) Both<unk> body-based compounds and the first three orally available compounds are commercialized. The latter two, axitinib and pazopanib, are in clinical trials. Bergers and Hanahan concluded in 2008 that<unk> -VEGF drugs can show therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of cancer and in an increasing number of human cancers. But, "the benefits are at best transitory and are followed by a restoration of tumour<unk>  and progression." Later studies into the consequences of VEGF inhibitor use have shown that, although they can reduce the<unk>  of primary tumours, VEGF inhibitors can concomitantly promote invasiveness and metastasis of tumours. AZ2171 (cediranib), a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been shown to have<unk> -edema effects by reducing the permeability and aiding in<unk>  normalization. A 2014 Cochrane Systematic Review studied the effectiveness of ranibizumab and pegaptanib, on patients suffering from macular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion. Participants in both treatment groups showed improvement in visual acuity measures and a reduction in macular edema symptoms over six months.
Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy
Monoclonal antibody therapy
Angioprevention
Therapeutic angiogenesis
Targeted therapy
Collagen induction therapy
Radionuclide therapy
Stereotactic radiation therapy