<unk>  binds to the intact human Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in a similar way to the human peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1);<unk>  bears a 50% amino acid homology to GLP-1 and it has a longer half-life in vivo.<unk>  is believed to facilitate glucose control in at least five ways: #<unk>  augments pancreas response (i.e. increases insulin secretion) in response to eating meals; the result is the release of a higher, more appropriate amount of insulin that helps lower the rise in blood sugar from eating. Once blood sugar levels decrease closer to normal values, the pancreas response to produce insulin is reduced; other drugs (like injectable insulin) are effective at lowering blood sugar, but can "overshoot" their target and cause blood sugar to become too low, resulting in the dangerous condition of hypoglycemia. #<unk>  also suppresses pancreatic release of glucagon in response to eating, which helps stop the liver from overproducing sugar when it is unneeded, which prevents hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels). #<unk>  helps slow down gastric emptying and thus decreases the rate at which meal-derived glucose appears in the bloodstream. #<unk>  has a subtle yet prolonged effect to reduce appetite, promote satiety via hypothalamic receptors (different receptors than for amylin). Most people using<unk>  slowly lose weight, and generally the greatest weight loss is achieved by people who are the most overweight at the beginning of<unk>  therapy. Clinical trials have demonstrated the weight reducing effect continues at the same rate through 2.25 years of continued use. When separated into weight loss quartiles, the highest 25% experience substantial weight loss, and the lowest 25% experience no loss or small weight gain. #<unk>  reduces liver fat content. Fat accumulation in the liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly related with several metabolic disorders, in particular low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides, present in patients with type 2 diabetes. It became apparent that<unk>  reduced liver fat in mice, rat and more recently in man. In 2016 work published showing that it can reverse impaired calcium signalling in steatotic liver cells, which, in turn, might be associated with proper glucose control.
Exenatide
Liraglutide
Linagliptin
Pioglitazone
Insulin degludec
Rosiglitazone
Canagliflozin
Vildagliptin