Complications of postsurgical<unk>  can be reduced before, during and after surgery. Some measures such as antibiotic prophylaxis before caesarean section and hernial repair are useful in reducing surgical site infection. Intravenous prophylacitc antibiotics are recommended, to be administrated within one hour from the beginning of the surgical procedure. In addition to i.v. prophylaxis, oral antibiotic prophylaxis has been demostrated to be beneficial in reducing surgical site infections after elective large bowel surgery. Adding a mechanical bowel cleansing in these patients might not be beneficial after colonic resection, but is still used and recommended by many before rectal resection (ideally in combination with oral antibiotics) However, some options include antibiotic coated sutures, antibiotic impregnated cement or locally administered paste or gel. Of note, a recent randomised controlled trial performed in low- and middle-income countries did not report any reduction in surgical site infection after abdominal surgery with antiseptic (triclosan-coated) sutures. There is also evidence that adhesive tapes increase infection risks. Before surgery, clinicians can treat the patient to reduce hemoglobin A1c levels to less than 7%. Those anticipating surgery can reduce their risk of complications by stopping smoking thirty days prior to surgery. The patient's skin can be evaluated for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus prior to surgery since this bacterium causes<unk> infections in<unk> . Treating any other infections prior to surgery also reduces the risks of a<unk> infection. Examples of these pre-existing infections are urinary tract infection or lower reproductive system infection. Removing the hair where the skin will be cut helps to reduce the risk of complications, though shaving is not considered to be appropriate and instead depilatories are used. Those who come in contact with the person who is receiving the surgery clean and disinfect their own skin surfaces. The patient's skin is also cleaned, scrubbed and treated with antiseptics. Patients undergoing surgery often receive antibiotics before surgery. During the surgery, there are several precautions that can be taken to reduce the risk of<unk> complications. These are: minimizing traffic in the operating room, providing adequate ventilation, not closing<unk>  that are infected, minimize tissue handling, re-administer prophylactic antibiotics if large amounts of fluid are lost during surgery, and keeping the patient warm. Lately, studies have highlighted new preventative measures of avoiding repeated reprocessing and intraoperatively guarding the implants in the sterile-field, for surgeries implanting single-use devices such as orthopedic and spine surgeries. The risk of complications after surgery can be reduced by: maintaining blood glucose levels in the normal range and constant evaluation of surgical site infection. There is insufficient evidence to show that whether applying cyanoacrylate microbial sealants on the<unk> site before operation is effective in reducing surgical site infection post surgery. There is no evidence that one type of hand antisepsis is better than the other in preventing surgical site infection. There is no evidence that plastic adhesive tapes reduces surgical site infections.
Postoperative wounds
Implantation bleeding
Wound
Surgical positions
Postoperative hematoma
Wound licking
Burn scar contracture
Shock of birth