Acne<unk>  is currently in clinical trials as a treatment for severe acne. Initial results have shown for it to be effective as a treatment only for severe acne. A systematic review conducted in 2016 found that<unk>  is a "safe and effective method of treatment" for acne. The treatment may cause severe redness and moderate to severe pain and burning sensation in some people. (see also: Levulan) One phase II trial, while it showed improvement, was not superior to blue/violet light alone. Cancer The FDA has approved<unk>  to treat: actinic keratosis, advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Barrett esophagus, basal cell skin cancer, esophageal (throat) cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cell skin cancer (Stage 0).<unk>  is also used to relieve symptoms of some cancers, including: esophageal cancer when it blocks the throat and non-small cell lung cancer when it blocks the airways. When cells that have absorbed photosensitizers are exposed to a specific wavelength of light, the photosensitizer produces a form of oxygen, called an oxygen radical, that kills them.Photodynamic therapy <unk>  may also damage blood vessels in the tumor, which prevents it from receiving the blood it needs to keep growing.<unk>  may trigger the immune system to attack tumor cells, even in other areas of the body.<unk>  is a minimally invasive treatment that is used to treat many conditions including: acne, psoriasis, age related macular degeneration, and several cancers such as skin, lung, brain, mesothelioma, bladder, bile-duct, esophageal, and head and neck cancers. How<unk>  treats cancer: When cells that have absorbed photosensitizers are exposed to a specific wavelength of light, the photosensitizer produces an oxygen radical, that kills them.<unk>  may also damage blood vessels in the tumor, which prevents it from receiving the blood it needs to keep growing.<unk>  may trigger the immune system to attack tumor cells, even in other areas of the body. In February 2019, medical scientists announced that iridium attached to albumin, creating a photosensitized molecule, can penetrate cancer cells and, after being irradiated with light, destroy the cancer cells. Ophthalmology As cited above, verteporfin was widely approved for the treatment of wet AMD beginning in 1999. The drug targets the neovasculature that is caused by the condition. Photoimmunotherapy Photoimmunotherapy is an oncological treatment for various cancers that combines<unk>  of tumor with immunotherapy treatment. Combining<unk>  with immunotherapy enhances the immunostimulating response and has synergistic effects for metastatic cancer treatment. Vascular targeting Some photosensitisers naturally accumulate in the endothelial cells of vascular tissue allowing 'vascular targeted'<unk> . Verteporfin was shown to target the neovasculature resulting from macular degeneration in the macula within the first thirty minutes after intravenous administration of the drug. Compared to normal tissues, most types of cancers are especially active in both the uptake and accumulation of photosensitizers agents, which makes cancers especially vulnerable to<unk> . Since photosensitizers can also have a high affinity for vascular endothelial cells. Antimicrobial<unk>  (aPDT) or Photodisinfection Numerous studies and literature reviews have found that<unk>  disinfection is effective at killing a broad spectrum of pathogens, including drug-resistant bacteria, viruses, and fungi, while also inactivating inflammatory cytokines, helping speed the process of healing.<unk>  disinfection remains fully effective after many repeat treatments, showing no sign of engendering resistance formation. aPDT can effectively treat CRS polymicrobial antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA biofilms in a maxillary sinus cavity model. Some photosensitizers have been chemically modified to incorporate into the mycomembrane of mycobacteria. These molecules show promising in vitro activity and are potential candidates for targeted delivery of photosensitizers. Furthermore, antibacterial<unk>  has the potential to kill multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria very effectively and is recognized for its low potential to induce drug resistance in bacteria, which can be rapidly developed against traditional antibiotic therapy. Antitumor Vaccines Preclinical studies have shown that<unk>  <unk>  of tumors augments the host antitumor immune response. However, the role of the<unk>  effect on tumor cells as opposed to the host tissues has not been determined. Research shows that the<unk> -generated tumor cell lysates were potent vaccines and that<unk> -generated vaccines may be more effective than other modes of creating whole tumor vaccines.<unk>  vaccines are tumor specific and appear to induce a cytotoxic T-cell response. Results show that<unk>  effects on tumor cells alone are sufficient to generate an antitumor immune response, indicating that the direct tumor effects of<unk>  play an important role in enhancing that host antitumor immune response. Studies also suggest that<unk> -generated vaccines may have clinical potential as an adjuvant therapy.
Photodynamic therapy
Photothermal therapy
GreenLight Laser Therapy
Photoimmunotherapy
Laser medicine
Laser surgery
Low-level laser therapy
Ultraviolet light therapy