<unk>  has a wide utility of application in manufactured metals because it is both strong and malleable, leading to ubiquitous presence and the potential for consumers to be in contact with it daily. However, for those who have the rash of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to a<unk> , it can be a challenge to avoid. Foods, common kitchen utensils, cell phones, jewelry, and many other items may contain<unk>  and be a source of irritation due to the allergic reaction caused by the absorption of free released<unk>  through direct and prolonged contact. The most appropriate measure for<unk> -allergic persons is to prevent contact with the allergen. In 2011, researchers showed that applying a thin layer of glycerine emollient containing nanoparticles of either calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate on an isolated piece of pig skin (in vitro) and on the skin of mice (in vivo) prevents the penetration of<unk>  ions into the skin. The nanoparticles capture<unk>  ions by cation exchange, and remain on the surface of the skin, allowing them to be removed by simple washing with water. Approximately 11-fold fewer nanoparticles by mass are required to achieve the same efficacy as the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Using nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 500 nm in topical creams may be an effective way to limit the exposure to metal ions that can cause skin irritation'. Pre-emptive avoidance strategies (PEAS) might ultimately lower the sensitization rates of children who would suffer from ACD It is theorized that prevention of exposure to<unk>  early on could reduce the number of those that are sensitive to<unk>  by one-quarter to one-third. Identification of the many sources of<unk>  is vital to understanding the<unk>  sensitization story, food like chocolate and fish, zippers, buttons, cell phones and even orthodontic braces and eyeglass frames might contain<unk> . Items that contain sentimental value (heirlooms, wedding rings) could be treated with an enamel or rhodium plating. Sensitized individuals may check product labels or contact the manufacturer or retailer regarding possible<unk>  content. The Dermatitis Academy has created an educational website to provide more information about<unk> , including information about prevention, exposure, sources, and general information about<unk> . These resources provide guidance in a prevention initiative for children worldwide.
Nickel allergy
Dust mite allergy
Sesame allergy
Tree nut allergy
Metal allergy
Garlic allergy
Peanut allergy
Insect sting allergy