Due to the atypical presentation and rarity of the infection, it takes a physician longer to diagnose than more common types of bladder infections. Diagnosis requires a personalized investigation with consideration to risk factors and symptoms. Radiology of the abdominal or pubic region has proven to be an important tool in reaching a definitive diagnosis of conditions causing gas in the urinary tract. Computer tomography, or CT scans, are of most help due to their high sensitivity in detecting gas and air bubbles. However, radiology is normally not the first tool used to diagnose. Most diagnoses are made by chance after imaging examination. Sometimes, even when patients don't show symptoms, their<unk>  infection level can be very advanced already. Gas in the bladder wall will often have the appearance of cobblestone or a “beaded necklace” with the use of conventional radiography. Delayed diagnosis can lead to a severe infection, extension of the uterus, rupturing of the bladder, and death.<unk>  has an overall mortality rate of 7%. However, surgery is only considered in severe cases where the disease progresses involving the ureters, kidneys, or adrenal glands. When required, surgery may be extensive.
Emphysematous cystitis
Interstitial cystitis
Eosinophilic cystitis
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Obstructive uropathy
Pyelonephritis
Pyonephrosis
Acute prostatitis