<unk>  outcomes can be measured using speech recognition ability and functional improvements measured using patient reported outcome measures. While the degree of improvement after cochlear plantation may vary, the majority of patients who receive<unk> s demonstrate a significant improvement in speech recognition ability compared to their preoperative condition. Meta-analyses from 2017 and 2018 of the literature showed that<unk>  users have large improvements in quality of life after<unk> ation. This improvement occurs in many different facets of life that extends beyond communication including improved ability to engage in social activities; decreased mental effort from listening; and improved environmental sound awareness. Deaf adolescents with<unk> s attending mainstream educational settings report high levels of scholastic self-esteem, friendship self-esteem, and global self-esteem. They also tend to hold mostly positive attitudes towards their<unk> s, and as a part of their identity, a majority either do "not really think about" their hearing loss, or are "proud of it." Though advancements in<unk>  technology have helped patients in their understanding of language, users are still unable to catch suprasegmental portions of language, which includes pitch. A study by Johns Hopkins University determined that for a three-year-old child who receives them,<unk> s can save $30,000 to $50,000 in special-education costs for elementary and secondary schools as the child is more likely to be mainstreamed in school and thus use fewer support services than similarly deaf children.
Cochlear implant
Middle ear implant
Bone-anchored hearing aid
Totally implantable cochlear implant
Craniofacial prosthesis
Direct acoustic cochlear implant
Brain implant
Facial implant