Determination of urinary steroids and of steroid conjugates in blood. Ethyl<unk> e and ethyl sulfate are excreted in urine as metabolites of ethanol and are used to monitor alcohol use or dependence.<unk>  and gluconic acid are fermentation products in Kombucha tea.<unk>  is a precursor of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, formerly called L-hexuronic acid). Ascorbate can be biosynthesized by higher plants, algae, yeast and most animals. An adult goat produces ~13 g of vitamin C per day. This ability is lacking in some mammals (including humans and guinea pigs) and also in insects, invertebrates and most fishes. These species require external ascorbate supply, because they lack the biosynthetic enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase. The<unk> e 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (MUG) is used to test for the presence of Escherichia coli. E. coli produces the enzyme β-glucuronidase, which hydrolyzes the MUG molecule to a fluorescent product that is detectable under ultraviolet light.
Glucuronic acid
Hyaluronic acid
Cerebroside
Glabrene
Lactose
Methyl cellulose
Iminosugar
Glycogen