<unk>  is caused by an increase in blood pressure. Several conditions may evoke blood pressure elevation: acute nephritis, eclampsia, crises in chronic essential hypertension, sudden withdrawal of antihypertensive treatment. Additionally,<unk>  may occur in pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, renal artery thrombosis. The impairment of cerebral blood flow that underlies<unk>  is still controversial. Normally, cerebral blood flow is maintained by an autoregulation mechanism that dilates arterioles in response to blood pressure decreases and constricts arterioles in response to blood pressure increases. This autoregulation falters when hypertension becomes excessive. According to the over-regulation conception, brain vessels spasm in response to acute hypertension, which results in cerebral ischemia and cytotoxic edema. According to the autoregulation breakthrough conception, cerebral arterioles are forced to dilate, leading to vasogenic edema. Cerebral edema can be generalized or focal. Brain ventricles are compressed, cortical gyri flattened.
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Hydrocephalus
Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy
Cocaine intoxication
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Stroke
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Uremia