The most prevalent cause of<unk>  is dental related, accounting for approximately 75% to 90% of cases. Infections of the lower second and third molars are usually implicated due to their roots extending below the mylohyoid muscle. Periapical abscesses of these teeth also result in lingual cortical penetration, leading to submandibular infection. Other causes such as oral ulcerations, infections secondary to oral malignancy, mandible fractures, sialolithiasis-related submandibular gland infections, and penetrating injuries of the mouth floor have also been documented as potential causes of<unk> . Patients with systemic illness, such as diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, compromised immune system, and organ transplantation are also commonly predisposed to<unk> . A review reporting the incidence of illnesses associated with<unk><unk>  found that 18% of cases involved diabetes mellitus, 9% involved acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and another 5% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive.
Ludwig's angina
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Herpes esophagitis
Tropical ulcer
Lymphocytic esophagitis
Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Rhinitis medicamentosa