The Hb<unk>  trait has a worldwide distribution and may affect individuals of various ethnicities however the three main varieties which been defined tend to be more prevalent among specific ethnic groups, typically Caucasians of the Southern regions Central and Eastern Europe. The three main varieties are named for the geographical areas they were first identified in with various subtypes, the three main varieties are: * Washington (Hb<unk>  Washington, also known as Hb<unk>  Boston or Hb<unk>  Washington-Boston); most common in Italians from Southern Italy * Baltimore (Hb<unk>  Baltimore); first described in a family with African ancestry; most common in people from the Balkan countries, Albanians Croats, Serbs, Slovenes and Romanians. It has also been described in Turks and in regions of Spain and Portugal. A rare case of the Baltimore variety was discovered in an African American woman in the Bronx, New York and dubbed Hn<unk> -Bronx and another variety was discovered in the city of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada and dubbed Hb E-Lepore Saskatoon * Hollandia (Hb<unk>  Hollandia); identified in Papua New Guinea and Bangladesh.
Hemoglobin Lepore syndrome
Freeman–Sheldon syndrome
3-M syndrome
Sick cell syndrome
Beta thalassemia
Hughes–Stovin syndrome
Fryns-Aftimos syndrome
Diamond–Blackfan anemia