Physical therapists play a critical role in educating on correct posture, muscle use, and the identification and avoidance of features that aggravate spasticities such as tight clothing, poorly adjusted wheelchairs, pain, and infection. Rehabilitation Physical therapy typically includes intensive motor coordination, balance, and stabilization training to preserve gains. Low intensity strengthening exercises are incorporated to maintain functional use of the upper and lower extremities. Stretching and muscle relaxation exercises can be prescribed to help manage spasticity and prevent deformities. Other physical therapy goals include increased transfer and locomotion independence, muscle strengthening, increased physical resilience, "safe fall" strategy, learning to use mobility aids, learning how to reduce the body's energy expenditure, and developing specific breathing patterns. Speech therapy can improve voice quality. Devices Well-fitted orthoses can promote correct posture, support normal joint alignment, stabilize joints during walking, improve range of motion and gait, reduce spasticity, and prevent foot deformities and scoliosis. Functional electrical stimulation or transcutaneous nerve stimulation devices may alleviate symptoms. As progression of ataxia continues, assistive devices such as a cane, walker, or wheelchair may be required for mobility and independence. A standing frame can help reduce the secondary complications of prolonged use of a wheelchair. Medication and surgery Cardiac abnormalities can be controlled with ACE inhibitors such as enalapril, ramipril, lisinopril, or trandolapril, sometimes used in conjunction with beta blockers. Affected people who also have symptomatic congestive heart failure may be prescribed eplerenone or digoxin to keep cardiac abnormalities under control. Surgery may correct deformities caused by abnormal muscle tone. Titanium screws and rods inserted in the spine help prevent or slow the progression of scoliosis. Surgery to lengthen the Achilles tendon can improve independence and mobility to alleviate equinus deformity. An automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator can be implanted after a severe heart failure.
medical cause of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
medical cause of Dilated cardiomyopathy
medical cause of Myocarditis
complications of Dilated cardiomyopathy
medical cause of Mitral insufficiency
complications of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
medical cause of Mitral valve stenosis
medical cause of Supraventricular tachycardia