<unk>  is used for relief of moderate or severe pain as a result of trauma. It may also be used for short episodes of pain as a result of procedures. Each dose lasts approximately 30 minutes. Pain relief begins after 6–8 breaths and continues for several minutes after stopping inhalation. The maximum recommended dose is 6 milliliters per day or 15 milliliters per week because of the risk of kidney problems, and it is not recommended to be used on consecutive days. Despite the potential for kidney problems when used at anesthetic doses, no significant adverse effects have been reported when it is used at the lower doses (up to 6 milliliters) used for pain relief. Due to the risk of kidney toxicity,<unk>  is contraindicated in people with pre-existing kidney disease or diabetes mellitus, and is not recommended to be administered in conjunction with tetracyclines or other potentially nephrotoxic or enzyme-inducing drugs. It is self-administered to children and adults using a hand-held inhaler device. A non-opioid alternative to morphine, it is also easier to use than nitrous oxide. A portable, disposable, single-use inhaler device, along with a single 3 milliliter brown glass vial of<unk>  allows people who are conscious and hemodynamically stable (including children over the age of 5 years) to self-administer the medication, under supervision.
Methoxyflurane
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Halothane
Sevoflurane
Etomidate
Methitural
Methacholine