In those with significant varices or cirrhosis nonselective β-blockers reduce the risk of future bleeding. With a target heart rate of 55 beats per minute they reduce the absolute risk of bleeding by 10%. Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is also effective at improving outcomes. Either B-blockers or EBL are recommended as initial preventative measures. In those who have had a previous variceal bleed both treatments are recommended. Some evidence supports the addition of isosorbide mononitrate. Testing for and treating those who are positive for H. pylori is recommended. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) may be used to prevent bleeding in people who re-bleed despite other measures. Among people admitted to the ICU who are at high risk, a PPI or H2RA if appears useful.
complications of Peptic ulcer disease
medical cause of Gastritis
complications of Helicobacter pylori
complications of Crohn's disease
medical cause of Peptic ulcer disease
caption of Plummer–Vinson syndrome
complications of Esophageal varices
symptoms of Helicobacter pylori