Historically, it was believed that cortisol was only produced by the adrenal glands, but research has shown that keratinocytes in human skin also produce cortisol. Prolonged topical<unk>  (TS) application changes the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression pattern on the surface of lymphocytes; a patient experiencing resistance to a TS has a low ratio of GR-α to GR-β. In addition, the erythema characteristic of ‘red skin syndrome’ is due to a release of stored endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and subsequent vasodilation of dermal vessels.
Topical steroid withdrawal
Topical glucocorticoids
Eyelid revision
Phototherapeutic keratectomy
Topical medication
Ozone therapy
Artificial tears
Corneal transplantation