<unk> s have a number of applications in genetic research, forensics, and private industry.<unk> s that indicate a predisposition for diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal disease have been shown to reduce the effects of genetic admixture in<unk> l mapping when using admixture mapping software. The differential ability of<unk> s allows scientists and researchers to narrow geographical populations of concern; for example, illegal organ trafficking can be traced to certain areas by comparing the samples taken from organ recipients and deciphering the foreign marker in their body. An array of private companies, such as 23andMe and<unk> DNA, provide cost-effective direct-to-consumers (DTC) genetic testing by analyzing<unk> s to determine geographic origins. These private companies collect massive quantities of data such as biological samples and self-reported information from consumers, a practice known as biobanking, enabling their researchers to discover more insights on<unk> s. Though<unk>  panels can be useful for disease screening, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) prevents the use of genetic information for insurance and workplace discrimination.
Ancestry-informative marker
Predictive marker
Replication error phenotype
Human disease modifier gene
Risk of mortality
Genetic discrimination
Natural history of disease
Genetic heterogeneity