Deaths from mouth and oropharynx cancers per million people in 2012 Globally, it newly<unk> curred in about 355,000 people and resulted in 177,000 deaths in 2018. Of these 355,000, about 246,000 are males and 108,000 are females. In 2013,<unk>  resulted in 135,000 deaths, up from 84,000 deaths in 1990.<unk> <unk> curs more often in people from lower and middle income countries. Europe Europe places second-highest after Southeast Asia among all continents for age-standardised rate (ASR) specific to<unk>  and oropharyngeal cancer. It is estimated that there were 61,400 cases of<unk>  and lip cancer within Europe in 2012. Hungary recorded the highest number of mortality and morbidity due to<unk>  and pharyngeal cancer among all European countries while Cyprus reported the lowest numbers United Kingdom British Cancer Research found 2,386 deaths due to<unk>  in 2014; while most<unk>  cases are diagnosed in older adults between 50–74 years old, this condition can affect the young as well; 6% of people affected by<unk>  are under 45 years of age. The UK is 16th-lowest for males and 11th-highest for females for<unk>  incidence among Europe. Additionally, there is a regional variability within the UK, with Scotland and northern England having higher rates than southern England. The same analysis applies to lifetime risk of developing<unk> , as in Scotland it is 1.84% in males and 0.74% in females, higher than the rest of the UK, being 1.06% and 0.48%, respectively.<unk>  is the sixteenth most common cancer in the UK (around 6,800 people were diagnosed with<unk>  in the UK in 2011), and it is the nineteenth-most -common cause of cancer death (around 2,100 people died from the disease in 2012). Northern Europe The highest incidence of<unk>  and pharyngeal cancer was recorded in Denmark, with age-standardised rates per 100,000 of 13.0, followed by Lithuania (9.9) and the United Kingdom (9.8). Lithuania reported the highest incidence in men while Denmark reported the highest in women. The highest rates for mortality in 2012 were reported in Lithuania (7.5), Estonia (6.0), and Latvia (5.4). Incidence of<unk>  in young adults (ages 20–39 years old) in Scandinavia has reportedly risen approximately 6-fold between 1960-1994 The high incidence rate of<unk>  and pharyngeal cancer in Denmark could be attributed to their higher alcohol intake than citizens of other Scandinavian countries and low intake of fruits and vegetables in general. Eastern Europe Hungary (23.3), Slovakia (16.4), and Romania (15.5) reported the highest incidences of<unk>  and pharyngeal cancer. Hungary also recorded the highest incidence in both genders as well as the highest mortality rates in Europe. It is ranked third globally for cancer mortality rates. Cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, inequalities in the care received by people with cancer, and gender-specific systemic risk factors have been determined as the leading causes for the high morbidity and mortality rates in Hungary. Western Europe The incidence rates of<unk>  in western Europe found France, Germany and Belgium to be highest. The ASRs (per 100,000) were 15.0, 14.6, and 14.1, respectively. When filtered by gender category, the same countries rank top 3 for male, however, in different order of Belgium (21.9), Germany (23.1), and France (23.1). France, Belgium, and the Netherlands ranks highest for females, with ASRs 7.6, 7.0, and 7.0, respectively. Southern Europe Incidence of<unk>  and oropharyngeal cancers were recorded, finding Portugal, Croatia and Serbia to have highest rates (ASR per 100,000). These values are 15.4, 12, and 11.7, respectively. United States In 2011, close to 37,000 Americans are projected to be diagnosed with<unk>  or pharyngeal cancer. 66% of the time, these will be found as late stage three and four disease. It will cause over 8,000 deaths. Of those newly diagnosed, only slightly more than half will be alive in five years. Similar survival estimates are reported from other countries. For example, five-year relative survival for<unk>  cavity cancer in Germany is about 55%. In the US<unk>  accounts for about 8 percent of all malignant growths.<unk> s overall risk higher in black males opposed to white males, however specific<unk> s-such as of the lip, have a higher risk in white males opposed to black males. Overall, rates of<unk>  between gender groups (male and female) seem to be decreasing, according to data from 3 studies. Of all the cancers,<unk>  attributes to 3% in males, opposed to 2% in women. New cases of<unk>  in US as of 2013, approximated almost 66,000 with almost 14000 attributed from tongue cancer, and nearly 12000 from the mouth, and the remainder from the<unk>  cavity and pharynx. In the previous year, 1.6% of lip and<unk>  cavity cancers were diagnosed, where the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) across all geographic regions of United States of America estimates at 5.2 per 100,000 population. It is the eleventh-most-common cancer in the United States among males while in Canada and Mexico it is the twelfth and thirteenth-most-common cancer respectively. The ASIR for lip and<unk>  cavity cancer among men in Canada and Mexico is 4.2 and 3.1, respectively. South America The ASIR across all geographic regions of South America as of 2012 sits at 3.8 per 100,000 population where approximately 6,046 deaths have<unk> curred due to lip and<unk>  cavity cancer, where the age-standardized mortality rate remains at 1.4. In Brazil, however, lip and<unk>  cavity cancer is the 7th most common cancer, with an estimated 6,930 new cases diagnosed in the year 2012. This number is rising and has an overall higher ASIR at 7.2 per 100,000 population whereby an approx 3000 deaths have<unk> curred Rates are increasing across both males and females. As of 2017, almost 50000 new cases of oropharyngeal cancers will be diagnosed, with incidence rates being more than twice as high in men than women. Asia<unk>  is one of the most-common types of cancer in Asia due to its association with smoking (tobacco, bidi), betel quid and alcohol consumption. Regionally incidence varies with highest rates in South Asia, particularly Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Philippines, and Sri Lanka. In South East Asia and Arab countries, although the prevalence is not as high, estimated incidences of<unk>  ranged from 1.6 to 8.6/ 100,000 and 1.8 to 2.13/ 100,000 respectively. According to GLOBOCAN 2012, the estimated age-standardised rates of cancer incidence and mortality was higher in males than females. However, in some areas, specifically South East Asia, similar rates were recorded for both genders. The average age of those diagnosed with<unk>  sarcoma cell carcinoma is approximately 51–55. In 2012, there were 97,400 deaths recorded due to<unk> . India<unk>  is the third-most-common form of cancer in India with over 77 000 new cases diagnosed in 2012 (2.3:1 male to female ratio). Studies estimate over five deaths per hour. One of the reasons behind such high incidence might be popularity of betel and areca nuts, which are considered to be risk factors for development of<unk>  cavity cancers. Africa There is limited data for the prevalence of<unk>  in Africa. The following rates describe the number of new cases (for incidence rates) or deaths (for mortality rates) per 100 000 individuals per year. The incidence rate of<unk>  is 2.6 for both sexes. The rate is higher in males at 3.3 and lower in females at 2.0. The mortality rate is lower than the incidence rate at 1.6 for both sexes. The rate is again higher for males at 2.1 and lower for females at 1.3. Australia The following rates describe the number of new cases or deaths per 100 000 individuals per year. The incidence rate of<unk>  is 6.3 for both sexes; this is higher in males at 6.8–8.8 and lower in females at 3.7–3.9. The mortality rate is significantly lower than the incidence rate at 1.0 for both sexes. The rate is higher in males at 1.4 and lower in females at 0.6. Table 1 provides age-standardised incidence and mortality rates for<unk>  based on the location in the mouth. The location ‘other mouth’ refers to the buccal mucosa, the vestibule and other unspecified parts of the mouth. The data suggests lip cancer has the highest incidence rate while gingival cancer has the lowest rate overall. In terms of mortality rates, oropharyngeal cancer has the highest rate in males and tongue cancer has the highest rate in females. Lip, palatal and gingival cancer have the lowest mortality rates overall. + Table 1: Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates of<unk>  (per 100 000 individuals per year) in Australia between 1982 and 2008. Adapted from Farah, Simanovic and Dost (2014) . Location Incidence per 100 000 individuals per year Mortality per 100 000 individuals per year Both sexes Males Females Both sexes Males Females Lip 5.3 8.4 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 Tongue 2.4 3.3 1.4 0.7 1.1 0.4 Gingivae 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 Floor of mouth 0.9 1.4 0.5
Oral cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Skin cancer
Head and neck cancer
Laryngeal cancer
Dental abscess
Salivary gland disease
Mouth ulcer