French surgeon Ambroise Paré (c. 1510-1590) — known as the "Father of<unk> " — attending to a soldier's amputated leg. Two French<unk>  surgeons treating wounded enemies after the battle of Inkermann, November 5, 1854. WWII era field hospital re-created operating tent using puppets, Diekirch<unk>  Museum, Luxembourg A U.S. Combat Support Hospital (CSH), a type of mobile field hospital, used in war or disasters; successor to the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) Norwegian NORMASH personnel during the Korean War USNS Mercy USNS Mercy marked with the red cross, the international protective sign U.S. Army medical personnel train local Uzbek anesthesia providers at the Fergana Emergency Center in support of Operation Provide Hope. German Kosovo Force armoured medical transport, marked with the protective sign Air ambulance of the Royal Australian Air Force in 1943, marked with the protective sign The term<unk>  has a number of potential connotations. It may mean: *A medical specialty, specifically a branch of occupational medicine attending to the medical risks and needs (both preventive and interventional) of soldiers, sailors and other service members. This disparate arena has historically involved the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases (especially tropical diseases), and, in the 20th Century, the ergonomics and health effects of operating<unk> -specific machines and equipment such as submarines, tanks, helicopters and airplanes. Undersea and aviation medicine can be understood as subspecialties of<unk> , or in any case originated as such. Few countries certify or recognize<unk> " as a formal speciality or subspeciality in its own right. * The planning and practice of the surgical management of mass battlefield casualties and the logistical and administrative considerations of establishing and operating combat support hospitals. This involves<unk>  medical hierarchies, especially the organization of structured medical command and administrative systems that interact with and support deployed combat units. (See Battlefield medicine.) * The administration and practice of health care for<unk>  service members and their dependents in non-deployed (peacetime) settings. This may (as in the United States) consist of a medical system paralleling all the medical specialties and sub-specialties that exist in the civilian sector. (See also Veterans Health Administration which serves U.S. veterans.) * Medical research and development specifically bearing upon problems of<unk>  medical interest. Historically, this encompasses all of the medical advances emerging from medical research efforts directed at addressing the problems encountered by deployed<unk>  forces (e.g., vaccines or drugs for soldiers, medical evacuation systems, drinking water chlorination, etc.) many of which ultimately prove important beyond the purely<unk>  considerations that inspired them.
Military medicine
Travel medicine
Hospital medicine
Regulatory science
Domestic medicine
Sports medicine
GeroScience
Forensic medicine