<unk>  is respiratory compensation for a metabolic acidosis, most commonly occurring in diabetics in diabetic ketoacidosis. Blood gases of a patient with<unk>  will show a low partial pressure of CO2 in conjunction with low bicarbonate because of a forced increased respiration (blowing off the carbon dioxide). Base excess is severely negative. The patient feels an urge to breathe deeply, an "air hunger", and it appears almost involuntary. A metabolic acidosis soon produces hyperventilation, but at first it will tend to be rapid and relatively shallow.<unk>  develops as the acidosis grows more severe. Indeed,<unk>  originally identified this type of breathing as a sign of coma and imminent death in diabetic patients. Duration of fasting, presence or absence of liver enlargement and<unk>  provide clues to the differential diagnosis of high blood sugar in the inborn errors of metabolism.
Kussmaul breathing
Obligate nasal breathing
Liquid breathing
Pursed-lip breathing
Stilted speech
Nasal voice
Shallow breathing
Hypnic jerk