Once diagnosis is made, the goals of management are to identify the cause of the<unk> , stop the<unk>  activity, and maintain physiologic parameters such as oxygenation, ventilation, blood glucose, and temperature. Treatment greatly depends on the cause of the<unk> . For example, infectious causes of<unk> s (meningitis, meningoencephalitis), are often treated with antimicrobials (antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral medications). Similarly, electrolyte or glucose abnormalities are treated by repleting or lowering the offending electrolyte or sugar. If the cause of the<unk> s are unlikely to be easily or quickly corrected, once diagnosis of a<unk>  is made, the mainstay of treatment is pharmacotherapy with anti-epileptic drugs. A 2013 systematic review found that most practitioners use phenobarbital or phenytoin. This study found that phenobarbital has the safest side effect profile and longest history of use in neonates.Hence, phenobarbital is used for first-line of treatment.After just one dose of 20 mg/kg of it,<unk> s are in control, in approximately half of the patients diagnosed with acute symptomatic<unk> s. Benzodiazepines are often used as second-line treatment if treatment with phenobarbital does not result in clinical improvement. Almost 66% of patients with acute symptomatic<unk> s, don't have a complete response to the initial dose administered. This is valid for any type of medication selected. Research is ongoing on the use of other anti-epileptics that are commonly used in older children and adults are safe or efficacious to use in neonates. Part of the challenge of anticonvulsant drug treatment during the neonatal period is that the immature excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter system results in few effective drug targets. There are some drugs that are effective in controlling<unk> s. "Phenobarbitone remains the first line treatment for<unk> s in most countries throughout the world, though off-label use of newer anticonvulsants is widespread in the USA”. The United States prefers to use unprescribed drugs to help slow down<unk> s, but they also use prescribed drugs if needed. Drugs are the only option infants are given, even though they are not 100% effective, they are the best option in helping take control of the<unk> s to stop them from occurring.
Neonatal seizure
Neonatal stroke
Neonatal encephalopathy
Neonatal meningitis
Shaken baby syndrome
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Benign neonatal seizures
Neonatal diabetes