<unk>  <unk>  or<unk>  is a term used in healthcare to refer to people's<unk>  self-care<unk> . Health professionals often use a person's ability or inability to perform<unk>  as a measurement of their functional status. The concept of<unk>  was originally proposed in the 1950s by Sidney Katz and his team at the Benjamin Rose Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. The concept of<unk>  has been added to and refined by a variety of researchers since that time. For example, many indexes that assess<unk>  now include some measure of mobility. Additionally, to be more inclusive of the range of<unk>  that support independent<unk> , in 1969, Lawton and Brody developed the instrumental<unk>  (IADLs).<unk>  are often used in the care of people with disabilities, people with injuries, and the elderly. Younger children often require help from adults to perform<unk> , as they have not yet developed the skills necessary to perform them independently. Common<unk>  include feeding oneself, bathing, dressing, grooming, work, homemaking, cleaning oneself after defecating, and leisure. A number of national surveys have collected data on the<unk>  status of the U.S. population. While basic definitions of<unk>  have been suggested, what specifically constitutes a particular<unk>  for each individual may vary. Some factors that influence peoples' perception of their function level include culture and education.<unk>  are categorized into basic, self-care tasks acquired starting from infancy, and instrumental, tasks learned throughout adolescence. A person who cannot perform essential<unk>  may have poorer quality of life or be unsafe in their current<unk>  conditions; therefore, they may require the help of other individuals and/or mechanical devices. Examples of mechanical devices to aid in<unk>  include electric lifting seats, bathtub transfer benches, and ramps to replace stairs.
Activities of daily living
Motor skill
Self-care
Auxology
Visuospatial function
Fine motor skill
Clean living movement
Toileting