Toxicity may include interstitial pulmonary fibrosis <unk>  lung"), hyperpigmentation, seizures, hepatic (veno-occlusive disease) (VOD) or sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), emesis, and wasting syndrome.<unk>  also induces thrombocytopenia, a condition of lowered blood platelet count and activity, and sometimes medullary aplasia. Seizures and VOD are serious concerns with<unk>  therapy and prophylaxis is often utilized to avoid these effects. Hepatic VOD is a dose-limiting toxicity. Symptoms of VOD include weight gain, elevated bilirubin, painful hepatomegaly, and edema. The reason<unk>  causes VOD is mostly unknown and can be deadly. Ursodiol may be considered for prophylaxis of veno-occlusive disease. Antiemetics are often administered prior to<unk>  to prevent vomiting (emesis). Phenytoin may be used concurrently to prevent the seizures. Levetiracetam, has shown efficacy for the prophylaxis against<unk> -induced seizures. Benzodiazepines can also be used for<unk> -induced seizures.<unk>  is listed by the IARC as a Group 1 carcinogen.
Busulfan
Ifosfamide
Vincristine
Carmustine
Lomustine
Cladribine
Melphalan
Ixazomib