Abatacept (Orencia) is a T cell<unk>  modulator approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The cytokines secreted by activated T cells are thought to both initiate and propagate the immunologically driven inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Orencia, a soluble fusion protein, works by altering the<unk> -stimulatory signal required for full T-cell activation. Belatacept is another novel molecule which is being tested as an anti-rejection medication for use in renal transplantation. A new<unk> -stimulatory superagonistic drug, TGN1412, was the subject of a clinical trial at Northwick Park Hospital, London. The trial became surrounded in<unk> ntroversy as the six volunteers became seriously ill within minutes of being given the drug. In essence, the<unk> -stimulatory molecules function as "flashing red lights" that interact with the T cell,<unk> mmunicating that the material being presented by the dendritic cell material indicates danger. Dendritic cells displaying<unk> -stimulatory molecules while presenting antigen are able to activate T cells. In<unk> ntrast, T cells that recognize antigen presented by a dendritic cell not displaying<unk> -stimulatory molecules are generally driven to apoptosis, or may become unresponsive to future encounters with the antigen.
Co-stimulation
Counterstimulation
Neural facilitation
Neural adaptation
Desensitization 
Neurostimulation
Microstimulation
Neuroenhancement