There are three main causes of<unk> <unk> : # Acute traumatic brain injury # Non-traumatic: neurodegenerative disorder or metabolic disorder of the brain # Severe congenital abnormality of the central nervous system Potential causes of<unk>  are: * Bacterial, viral, or fungal infection, including meningitis * Increased intracranial pressure, such as a tumor or abscess * Vascular pressure which causes intracranial hemorrhaging or stroke * Hypoxic ischemic injury (hypotension, cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, near-drowning) * Toxins such as uremia, ethanol, atropine, opiates, lead, dimethylmercury, endrin, parathion, and colloidal silver * Physical trauma: Concussion, contusion, etc * Seizure, both nonconvulsive<unk> s epilepticus and postconvulsive<unk>  (postictal<unk>  * Electrolyte imbalance, which involves hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia * Postinfectious: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) * Endocrine disorders such as adrenal insufficiency and thyroid disorders * Degenerative and metabolic diseases including urea cycle disorders, Reye syndrome, and mitochondrial disease * Systemic infection and sepsis * Hepatic encephalopathy In addition, these authors claim that doctors sometimes use the mnemonic device AEIOU-TIPS to recall portions of the differential diagnosis: Alcohol ingestion and acidosis, Epilepsy and encephalopathy, Infection, Opiates, Uremia, Trauma, Insulin overdose or inflammatory disorders, Poisoning and psychogenic causes, and Shock.
Persistent vegetative state
Emergence delirium
Excited delirium
Organic brain syndrome
Post-stroke depression
Diabetic coma
Vascular thalamic amnesia
Diencephalic syndrome