There are four Medicare and Medicaid-approved indications for<unk> : a loss of two of the six major routes of venous access, multiple episodes of catheter-associated life-threatening sepsis, fluid and electrolyte abnormalities in the face of maximal medical therapy, and PN-associated liver disease. Transplants may also be performed if the growth and development of a pediatric patient fails to ensue, or in extreme circumstances for patients with an exceptionally low quality of life on PN. A multidisciplinary team consisting of transplant surgeons, gastroenterologists, dieticians, anesthesiologists, psychiatrists, financial representatives, and other specialists should be consulted to evaluate the treatment plan and ensure transplantation is the patient's best option. Psychological preparations should be made for the transplant team and patient as well. Early referral requires trust between all parties involved in the operation to ensure that a rush to judgment does not lead to a premature transplant. Other absolute contraindications to receiving an<unk> l transplant include the presence of systemic and untreated local infections, malignant cancer, severe neurological impairment, and severe cardiac and/or pulmonary disease. These criteria are similar to established guidelines for transplants of other organ types. HIV infection is a relative contraindication for<unk> ; desperate terminal patients may accept a transplant from a HIV-positive donor if they are willing to expose themselves to HIV.
Intestine transplantation
Hepatoportoenterostomy
Distal splenorenal shunt procedure
Pancreas transplantation
Islet cell transplantation
Gestalt therapy
Portacaval anastomosis
Peritoneovenous shunt