<unk>  is an agonist at the α-2A, 2B, and 2C adrenergic receptor subtypes, with the highest activity at the alpha-2A receptor. :: + Ki for<unk>  Adrenergic receptor Ki (nM) α-2A 4 α-2B 67 α-2C 69 Ki represents the dissociation constant for<unk> 's binding to a specific subtype of alpha-2 receptor. The smaller the Ki value, the stronger the drug binds to the receptor to exert its activity.<unk>  inhibits the release of norepinephrine in the central and peripheral nervous system, thereby reducing some of the symptoms of opioid withdrawal, but it has no documented effect on drug craving and endogenous opioid levels. Pharmacokinetics<unk> 's oral bioavailability is about 90%, with extensive oral absorption. Peak plasma concentrations occur at 3 hours after a single administration, with a half-life of 11 hours.<unk>  is extensively metabolized by the liver, and primarily cleared by the kidney. It is 80-90% plasma protein bound.
Lofexidine
Setiptiline
Pramocaine
Veratridine
Tocainide
Ivabradine
Nefopam
Procainamide