In healthy pregnancies without pre-term or post-term health complications,<unk> , or fetal macrosomia have been observed to affect around 12% of newborns. By comparison, women with<unk>  diabetes are at an increased risk of giving birth to<unk>  babies, where ~15-45% of neonates may be affected. In 2017, the National Center of Health Statistics found that 7.8% of live-born infants born in the United States meet the definition of macrosomia, where their birth weight surpasses the threshold of 4000 grams (above ~8.8 pounds). Women in Europe and the United States tend to have higher pre-term body weight and have increased<unk>  weight during pregnancy compared to women in east Asia. Thus, women in Europe and the United States, with higher<unk>  weight gain, tend to have higher associated risk of<unk>  infants, macrosomia and cesarean. In European countries, the prevalence of births of newborns weighing between 4,000 g and 4,499 g is 8% to 21%, and in Asian countries the prevalence is between 1% and 8%. In general, rates of<unk>  infants have increased 15-25% in many countries including the United States, Canada, Germany, Denmark, Scotland and more in the past 20–30 years, suggesting an increase in<unk>  births worldwide.
Large for gestational age
Small for gestational age
Low Birth Weight
Breech birth
Vanishing twin
Low birth weight
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Neonatal hypocalcemia