The World Health Organization definition of diabetes (both type 1 and type<unk>  is for a single raised glucose reading with symptoms, otherwise raised values on two occasions, of either: * fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) :or * with a glucose tolerance test, two hours after the oral dose a plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l <unk> 00 mg/dl) A random blood sugar of greater than 11.1 mmol/l <unk> 00 mg/dl) in association with typical symptoms or a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of ≥ 48 mmol/mol (≥ 6.5 DCCT %) is another method of diagnosing diabetes. In<unk> 009 an International Expert Committee that included representatives of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) recommended that a threshold of ≥ 48 mmol/mol (≥ 6.5 DCCT %) should be used to diagnose diabetes. This recommendation was adopted by the American Diabetes Association in<unk> 010. Positive tests should be repeated unless the person presents with typical symptoms and blood sugars >11.1 mmol/l (>200 mg/dl). Threshold for diagnosis of diabetes is based on the relationship between results of glucose tolerance tests, fasting glucose or HbA1c and complications such as retinal problems. A fasting or random blood sugar is preferred over the glucose tolerance test, as they are more convenient for people. HbA1c has the advantages that fasting is not required and results are more stable but has the disadvantage that the test is more costly than measurement of blood glucose. It is estimated that<unk> 0% of people with diabetes in the United States do not realize that they have the disease.<unk>  is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. This is in contrast to<unk>  in which there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to destruction of islet cells in the pancreas and gestational diabetes that is a new onset of high blood sugars associated with pregnancy. Type 1 and<unk>  can typically be distinguished based on the presenting circumstances. If the diagnosis is in doubt antibody testing may be useful to confirm<unk>  and C-peptide levels may be useful to confirm<unk> , with C-peptide levels normal or high in<unk> , but low in<unk> .
Type 2 diabetes
Type 3 diabetes
Type 3c diabetes
Prediabetes
Type 1 diabetes
Diabetes
Prehypertension
Metabolic syndrome