General complications associated with surgical treatment include infection, bleeding, blood clots, wound healing problems, and damage to surrounding nerves and blood vessels. Specific complications associated with surgical treatment of<unk> s include fracture healing in an abnormal position (malunion), post-traumatic arthritis, failed fracture healing after a prolonged period of time (nonunion), and decreased range of motion (post-operative stiffness). If post-operative x-rays are concerning for malunion, then patients may need an additional procedure to restore proper<unk>  anatomy. The ultimate goal is to prevent or delay the development of post-traumatic arthritis. Post-traumatic arthritis can initially be managed with conservative options like activity modification, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDs), specialized footwear, and cortisone injections. If patients still have pain and impaired<unk>  function after these measures, then other procedures such as<unk>  arthrodesis and<unk>  arthroplasty can be considered. Nonunion is rare following surgical fixation of<unk> s but can be managed with bone grafts and stable internal fixation. Patients can also experience pain or discomfort from the metal hardware used to fix the fracture. As a result, some patients decide to have the hardware removed after the fracture has healed through an additional procedure.
Ankle fracture
Elbow fracture
Humerus fracture
Ulna fracture
Hip fracture
Femoral fracture
Hume fracture
Jefferson fracture