Clinical features of<unk>  develop within days to months following exposure to GBCA. The main symptoms are the thickening and hardening of the skin associated with brawny hyperpigmentation, typically presenting in a symmetric fashion. The skin gradually becomes fibrotic and adheres to the underlying fascia. The symptoms initiate distally in the limbs and progress proximally, sometimes involving the trunk. Joint contractures of the fingers, elbows and knees can develop secondary to skin involvement and can severely impair physical function. While skin involvement is on the foreground, the process may involve any organ, e.g., the eye, heart, diaphragm, pleura, pericardium, and kidneys, as well as the lungs and liver.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
Goodpasture syndrome
HIV-associated nephropathy
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Thin basement membrane disease
Mixed connective tissue disease
IgA vasculitis