<unk> es are generally considered annoying and some species transmit diseases, thus leading to a variety of human efforts to eradicate or reduce their presence.<unk>  manages the population of<unk> es to reduce their damage to human health, economies, and enjoyment.<unk>  is a vital public-health practice throughout the world and especially in the tropics because<unk> es spread many diseases, such as malaria and the Zika virus.<unk>  operations are targeted against three different problems: # Nuisance<unk> es bother people around homes or in parks and recreational areas; # Economically important<unk> es reduce real estate values, adversely affect tourism and related business interests, or negatively impact livestock or poultry production; # Public health is the focus when<unk> es are vectors, or transmitters, of infectious disease. Disease organisms transmitted by<unk> es include West Nile virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, Everglades virus, Highlands J virus, La Crosse Encephalitis virus in the United States; dengue fever, yellow fever, Ilheus virus, malaria, Zika virus and filariasis in the American tropics; Rift Valley fever, Wuchereria bancrofti, Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya and filariasis in Africa and Asia; and Murray Valley encephalitis in Australia. Depending on the situation, source reduction, biocontrol, larviciding (killing of larvae), or adulticiding (killing of adults) may be used to manage<unk>  populations. These techniques are accomplished using habitat modification, pesticide, biological-control agents, and trapping. The advantage of non-toxic methods of<unk>  is they can be used in Conservation Areas.
Mosquito control
Animal vaccination
Drug disposal
Bed bug control techniques
Disaster medicine
Skin disinfection
Personal protective equipment
Vaccine storage