<unk>  pain and non-painful<unk>  sensations<unk>  pain and non-painful<unk>  sensations result from changes in the central nervous system due to denervation of a body part.<unk>  eye pain is considerably less common than<unk>  limb pain. The prevalence of<unk>  pain after limb amputation ranged from 50% to 78%. The prevalence of<unk>  eye pain, in contrast, is about 30%. Post-amputation changes in the cortical representation of body parts adjacent to the amputated limb are believed to contribute to the development of<unk>  pain and non-painful<unk>  sensations. One reason for the smaller number of patients with<unk>  eye pain compared with those with<unk>  limb pain may be the smaller cortical somatosensory representation of the eye compared with the limbs. In limb amputees, some, but not all, studies have found a correlation between preoperative pain in the affected limb and postoperative<unk>  pain. There is a significant association between painful and non-painful<unk>  experiences, preoperative pain in the symptomatic eye and headache. Based on the present data, it is difficult to determine if headaches or preoperative eye pain play a causal role in the development of<unk>  phenomena or if headache, preoperative eye pain, and postoperative<unk>  eye experiences are only epiphenomena of an underlying factor. However, a study in humans demonstrated that experimental pain leads to a rapid reorganization of the somatosensory cortex. This study suggests that preoperative and postoperative pain may be an important co-factor for somatosensory reorganization and the development of<unk>  experiences. Visual hallucinations Enucleation of an eye and, similarly, retinal damage, lead to a cascade of events in the cortical areas receiving visual input. Cortical GABAergic (GABA: Gamma-aminobutyric acid) inhibition decreases, and cortical glutamatergic excitation increases, followed by increased visual excitability or even spontaneous activity in the visual cortex. It is believed that spontaneous activity in the denervated visual cortex is the neural correlate of visual hallucinations.
Phantom eye syndrome
Cat eye syndrome
Computer vision syndrome
Oculomotor nerve palsy
Ocular myasthenia
Ocular ischemic syndrome
Central facial palsy
Toxic amblyopia