Baby * Cuts and bruises. * Increased risk of facial nerve injury (usually temporary). * Increased risk of clavicle fracture (rare). * Increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage - sometimes leading to death: 4/10,000. * Increased risk of damage to cranial nerve VI, resulting in strabismus. Mother * Increased risk of perineal lacerations, pelvic organ prolapse, and incontinence. * Increased risk of injury to vagina and cervix. * Increased postnatal recovery time and pain. * Increased difficulty evacuating during recovery time.
Obstetrical forceps
Forceps
Dermacentor
Caesarean section
Natural childbirth
Condom machine
Labor induction
Debakey forceps