Severe acute<unk> is has mortality rates around 2–9%, higher where necrosis of the pancreas has occurred. Several scoring systems are used to predict the severity of an attack of<unk> is. They each combine demographic and laboratory data to estimate severity or probability of death. Examples include APACHE II, Ranson, BISAP, and Glasgow. The Modified Glasgow criteria suggests that a case be considered severe if at least three of the following are true: * Age > 55 years * Blood levels: * PO2 oxygen 15,000/µlitre * Calcium 16 mmol/litre * Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 600iu/litre * Aspartate transaminase (AST) > 200iu/litre * Albumin 10 mmol/litre This can be remembered using the mnemonic PANCREAS: * PO2 oxygen 55 * Neutrophilia white blood cells > 15,000/µlitre * Calcium 16 mmol/litre * Enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 600iu/litre aspartate transaminase (AST) > 200iu/litre * Albumin 10 mmol/litre The BISAP score (blood urea nitrogen level >25 mg/dl (8.9 mmol/L), impaired mental status, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, age over 60 years, pleural effusion) has been validated as similar to other prognostic scoring systems.
medical cause of Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
medical cause of Stomach cancer
medical cause of Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
medical cause of Gastritis
medical cause of Malabsorption
caption of Plummer–Vinson syndrome
medical cause of Intestinal pseudo-obstruction
medical cause of Dysphagia