<unk>  <unk>  is a medical condition in which the<unk><unk>  fails to close after birth: this allows a portion of oxygenated blood from the left heart to flow back to the lungs by flowing from the aorta, which has a higher pressure, to the pulmonary artery. Symptoms are uncommon at birth and shortly thereafter, but later in the first year of life there is often the onset of an increased work of breathing and failure to gain weight at a normal rate. With time, an uncorrected<unk>  usually leads to pulmonary hypertension followed by right-sided heart failure. The<unk><unk>  is a fetal blood vessel that normally closes soon after birth. In a<unk> , the vessel does not close, but remains<unk>  (open), resulting in an abnormal transmission of blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery.<unk>  is common in newborns with persistent respiratory problems such as hypoxia, and has a high occurrence in premature newborns. Premature newborns are more likely to be hypoxic and have<unk>  due to underdevelopment of the heart and lungs. If transposition of the great vessels is present in addition to a<unk> , the<unk>  is not surgically closed since it is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood. In these cases, prostaglandins are used to keep the<unk>  open, and NSAIDs are not administered until surgical correction of the two defects is completed.
Patent ductus arteriosus
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Atrioventricular septal defect
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
Tricuspid atresia
Atrial septal defect
Double aortic arch
Interrupted aortic arch