<unk>  <unk> CTZ or<unk> CT) is a diuretic medication often used to treat<unk> igh blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build up. Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a<unk> igh calcium level in the urine.<unk>  is less effective than chlortalidone for prevention of<unk> eart attack or stroke.<unk> CTZ is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase effectiveness. Potential side effects include poor kidney function; electrolyte imbalances, including low blood potassium, and, less commonly, low blood sodium, gout,<unk> igh blood sugar, and feeling lightheaded with standing. While allergies to<unk> CTZ are reported to occur more often in those with allergies to sulfa drugs, this association is not well supported. It may be used during pregnancy, but it is not a first-line medication in this group. It is in the thiazide medication class and acts by decreasing the kidneys' ability to retain water. This initially reduces blood volume, decreasing blood return to the<unk> eart and thus cardiac output. It is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance in the long run. Two companies, Merck and Ciba, state they discovered the medication which became commercially available in 1959. It is on the World<unk> ealth Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic drug and is relatively affordable. In 2019, it was the eleventh most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 38 million prescriptions.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
Cyclothiazide
Spironolactone
Amiloride
Furosemide
Azaperone
Torasemide