In epidemiology, a<unk> (NPI) is any method to reduce the spread of an epidemic disease without requiring<unk>  drug treatments. Examples of<unk>  that reduce the spread of infectious diseases include wearing a face mask and staying away from sick people. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) points to personal, community, and environmental<unk> s. NPI have been recommended for pandemic influenza at both local and global levels, and studied at large scale during the 2009 swine flu pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic. NPIs are a set of measures that can be utilized at any time, and are used in the period between the emergence of an epidemic disease and the deployment of an effective vaccine.
Non-pharmaceutical intervention 
Alternative medicine
Designer drug
Prophetic medicine
Paramedicine
Host-directed therapeutics
Functional medicine
Collaborative therapy