Lactate is produced by anaerobic glycolysis when oxygen concentration becomes too low for the normal aerobic respiration pathway.<unk>  inhibits aerobic respiration and therefore increases anaerobic glycolysis which causes a rise of lactate in the plasma. A lactate concentration above 10 mmol per liter is an indicator of<unk> , as defined by the presence of a blood<unk>  concentration above 40 µmol per liter. Lactate levels greater than 6 mmol/L after reported or strongly suspected pure<unk> , such as<unk> -containing smoke exposure, suggests significant<unk>  exposure. Methods of detection include colorimetric assays such as the Prussian blue test, the pyridine-barbiturate assay, also known as the "Conway diffusion method" and the taurine fluorescence-HPLC but like all colorimetric assays these are prone to false positives. Lipid peroxidation resulting in "TBARS," an artifact of heart attack produces dialdehydes that cross-react with the pyridine-barbiturate assay. Meanwhile, the taurine-fluorescence-HPLC assay used for<unk>  detection is identical to the assay used to detect glutathione in spinal fluid.<unk>  and thiocyanate assays have been run with mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), which are considered specific tests. Since<unk>  has a short half-life, the main metabolite, thiocyanate is typically measured to determine exposure. Other methods of detection include the identification of plasma lactate.
Cyanide poisoning
Foreign body aspiration
Chlorine gas poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Salicylate poisoning
Nitrogen dioxide poisoning
Strychnine poisoning
Tin poisoning