Cases of<unk>  can be diagnosed through routine tests given during pregnancy, such as blood tests and ultrasound, or through tests done after miscarriage or abortion. Vaginal bleeding, enlarged uterus, pelvic pain or discomfort, and vomiting too much (hyperemesis) are the most common symptoms of<unk> . But<unk>  also leads to elevated serum hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin hormone). Since pregnancy is by far the most common cause of elevated serum hCG, clinicians generally first suspect a pregnancy with a complication. However, in<unk> , the beta subunit of hCG (beta hCG) is also always elevated. Therefore, if<unk>  is clinically suspected, serum beta hCG is also measured. The initial clinical diagnosis of<unk>  should be confirmed histologically, which can be done after the evacuation of pregnancy (see «Treatment» below) in women with hydatidiform mole. However, malignant<unk>  is highly vascular. If malignant<unk>  is suspected clinically, biopsy is contraindicated, because biopsy may cause life-threatening haemorrhage. Women with persistent abnormal vaginal bleeding after any pregnancy, and women developing acute respiratory or neurological symptoms after any pregnancy, should also undergo hCG testing, because these may be signs of a hitherto undiagnosed<unk> . There might be some signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism as well as an increase in the levels of thyroid hormones in some patients. The proposed mechanism is attaching hCG to TSH receptors and acting like TSH weakly.https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/vol-4-issue-9/vol-4-issue-9-p-5/ Differential diagnosis * These are not<unk> , and they are not tumours * Exaggerated placental site * Placental site nodule Both are composed of intermediate trophoblast, but their morphological features and clinical presentation can differ significantly. Exaggerated placental site is a benign, non cancerous lesion with an increased number of implantation site intermediate<unk>  cells that infiltrate the endometrium and the underlying myometrium. An exaggerated placental site may occur with normal pregnancy, or after an abortion. No specific treatment or follow up is necessary. Placental site nodules are lesions of chorionic type intermediate trophoblast, usually small. 40 to 50% of placental site nodules are found in the cervix. They almost always are incidental findings after a surgical procedure. No specific treatment or follow up is necessary.
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Forced pregnancy
Toxic abortion
Postpartum infections
Early pregnancy bleeding
After-birth abortion
Molar pregnancy
Puppy pregnancy syndrome