T.<unk> i is one of the Actinomycetes, and is a distant relative of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, explaining in part why<unk>  is similar to the<unk> s caused by these bacteria. The<unk>  is common in farmers and those exposed to soil and animals, suggesting that the infection is acquired from these sources. Individuals who are most susceptible to the<unk>  are those with decreased ability to perform intracellular degradation of ingested pathogens or particles, particularly within macrophages. Several studies indicate that defective T-lymphocyte (particularly TH1 population) function may be an important predisposing factor for the<unk> . In particular, circulating cells which are CD11b (also known as integrin alpha) expressive are reduced in susceptible individuals. CD11b has a vital role in activation of macrophages to destroy intracellularly ingested T.<unk> i bacteria.
Whipple's disease
Anti-Hu associated encephalitis
Riga–Fede disease
Hereditary pancreatitis
Kimura's disease
Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome
Dukes' disease
Duodenal cancer