Many countries have measures in place to limit advertising by<unk>  companies.<unk>  company spending on<unk>  generally exceeds that of its research budget. In Canada, $1.7 billion was spent in 2004 to market drugs to physicians; in the United States, $21 billion was spent in 2002. In 2005, money spent on<unk>  in the United States was estimated at $29.9 billion with one estimate as high as $57 billion. When the U.S. numbers are broken down, 56% was free samples, 25% was<unk>  sales representative "detailing" (promoting drugs directly to) physicians, 12.5% was direct to user advertising, 4% on detailing to hospitals, and 2% on journal ads. There is some evidence that<unk>  practices can negatively affect both patients and the health care profession.
Pharmaceutical marketing
Organ trade
Assistive technology
Drug disposal
Marine pharmacognosy
Domestic medicine
Drug labelling
Bioprocess