Causes of<unk>  may fall into two categories: non-deliberate deception (such as<unk>  memories), and lies.<unk>  memories There are several ways in which an alleged victim can accidentally come to believe that they have been raped by the person(s) they accuse. These include, but are not limited to: * Recovered-memory therapy: memories of sexual abuse 'recovered' during therapy in the absence of any supporting evidence, based on the Freudian notion of "repression" * The victim's confusion of the memory of the real rapist with the memory of someone else * Memory conformity: memory can become contaminated when co-witnesses discuss their recollection of events Potiphar's Wife by Rembrandt van Rijn, 1655.|alt Lies An accuser may have several motivations to<unk> ly claim they have been raped. There is disagreement on how many different categories these may be put into. Kanin (1994) put them in three: revenge, producing an alibi or to get sympathy/attention. Author Sandra Newman listed four categories in 2017. According to De Zutter et al. (2017), Kanin's division is inadequate and one should recognise eight distinct categories in total: * Material gain: to receive money, professional promotion or other material benefits. * Producing an alibi: a<unk>  allegation is used to cover up other behaviour, such as being late to or absent from an appointment. * Revenge: to retaliate against a disliked person by damaging the reputation, freedom or finances. * Attention: an attempt to receive any kind of attention, positive or negative, by anyone. * Sympathy: a special kind of attention-seeking whereby the complainant tries to improve a personal relationship with a specific individual. * 'A disturbed mental state'; this may include<unk>  memories ("sexual hallucinations") or pathologic lying. * Relabeling: consensual sex is relabeled 'rape' to the police, because of its 'disappointing or shameful character'. De Zutter et al. argue that a distinction should be made between some acts during a consensual sexual encounter that a participant did not want or had no desire to engage in but nonetheless gave consent to (e.g., to please their partner) on the one hand, and rape (nonconsensual sex) on the other, but that many lay people and even some scholars do not make this distinction and confuse the two. It is often when accounts of such 'unwanted consensual sex' are told to friends and family that the latter interpret it as rape, and put the complainant under pressure to file an allegation. * Regret: after having had consensual sex, a complainant experiences negative feelings such as disgust, shame, and sorrow; when others notice this and ask about the source of these negative feelings, they are prone to view the encounter as rape and put the complainant under pressure to file an allegation. Facilitated communication Facilitated communication (FC) is a scientifically discredited technique that attempts to aid communication by people with autism or other communication disabilities who are non-verbal. The facilitator guides the disabled person's arm or hand and attempts to help them type on a keyboard or other device. Research indicates that the facilitator is the source of the messages obtained through FC, not the disabled person. However, the facilitator may believe they are not the source of the messages due to the ideomotor effect, which is the same effect that guides a Ouija board. There have been a number of<unk> s of sexual abuse made through facilitated communication. As of 1995, there were sixty known cases, with an unknown numbers of others settled without reaching public visibility. 'Don't know' According to De Zutter et al. (2017), 20% of complainants said that they did not know why they had filed a<unk>  allegation.
False accusation of rape
Marital rape
Corrective rape
Female infanticide
Sexual assault
Hospitalism
Genocidal rape
Gang rape