<unk>  occurs after damage to<unk>  association cortex or to parts of the ventral stream of vision, known as the "what pathway" of vision for its role in object recognition. This occurs even when no damage has been done to the eyes or optic tract that leads<unk>  information into the brain; in fact,<unk>  occurs when symptoms cannot be explained by such damage. Damage to specific areas of the ventral stream impair the ability to recognize certain categories of<unk>  information, such as the case of prospagnosia. Patients with<unk>  generally do not have damage to the dorsal stream of vision, known as the "where pathway" of vision because of its role determining object's position in space, allowing individuals with<unk>  to show relatively normal<unk> ly guided behavior. For example, patient DF had lesions to the ventral surface that gave her apperceptive<unk> . One of the tasks she was tested on required her to place a card through a thin slot that could be rotated into all orientations. As an apperceptive<unk> , it would be expected that since she cannot recognize the slot, she should not be able to correctly place the card into the slot. Indeed, when she was asked to give the direction of the slot, her responses were no better than chance. Yet, when she was asked to place the card into the slot, her success was almost to the level of the controls. This implies that in the event of a ventral stream deficit, the dorsal stream can help with processing of special information to aid movement regardless of object recognition. More specifically, the lateral occipital complex appears to respond to many different types of objects. Prosopagnosia (inability to recognize faces) is due to damage of the fusiform face area (FFA). An area in the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe that has been strongly associated with a role in facial recognition. However, this area is not exclusive to faces; recognition of other objects of expertise are also processed in this area. The extrastriate body cortex (EBA) was found to be activated by photographs, silhouettes, or stick drawings of human bodies. The parahippocampal place area (PPA) of the limbic cortex has been found to be activated by the sight of scenes and backgrounds. Cerebral achromatopsia (the inability to discriminate between different hues) is caused by damage to the V8 area of the<unk>  association cortex. The left hemisphere seems to play a critical role in recognizing the meaning of common objects.
Visual agnosia
Apperceptive agnosia
Auditory agnosia
Finger agnosia
Phonagnosia
Cynanthropy
Anosognosia
Binocular dysphoria