Anterior surface of cerebellum. The<unk>  is highlighted in red. The<unk>  is the unpaired, median portion of the cerebellum that connects the two hemispheres. Both the<unk>  and the hemispheres are composed of lobules formed by groups of folia. There are nine lobules of the<unk> : lingula, central lobule, culmen, clivus, folium of the<unk> , tuber, pyramid, uvula and nodule. These lobules are often difficult to observe during human anatomy classes and may vary in size, shape and number of folia. It has been shown that folia of the cerebellum exhibit frequent variations in form, number and arrangement between individuals. Lobe anatomy Lobules of the<unk> . The lingula is the first lobule of the upper portion of the<unk>  on the superoinferior axis and pertains to the paleocerebellum together with the central lobule, culmen, pyramid and uvula. It is separated from the central lobule by the pre-central fissure. The central lobule is the second lobule of the upper portion of the<unk>  on the superoinferior axis. The culmen is the third and largest lobule of the upper portion of the<unk>  on the superoinferior axis. It is separated from the declive by the primary fissure and is related with the anterior quadrangular lobule of the hemisphere. The pyramid is the seventh lobule of the<unk>  on the superoinferior axis. It is separated from the tuber and uvula by the pre-pyramidal and secondary fissures, respectively. This lobule is related with the biventral lobule of the hemisphere. The uvula is the second largest lobule, following the culmen. It pertains to the paleocerebellum and is separated from the nodule by the posterolateral fissure. Spinocerebellum The spinocerebellum receives proprioception input from the dorsal columns of the spinal cord (including the spinocerebellar tract) and from the trigeminal nerve, as well as from visual and auditory systems. It sends fibers to deep cerebellar nuclei that, in turn, project to both the cerebral cortex and the brain stem, thus providing modulation of descending motor systems. This region comprises the<unk>  and intermediate parts of the cerebellar hemispheres. Sensory information from the periphery and from the primary motor and somatosensory cortex terminate in this region. Purkinje cells of the<unk>  project to the fastigial nucleus, controlling the axial and proximal musculature involved in the execution of limb movements. Purkinje cells in the intermediate zone of the spinocerebellum project to the interposed nuclei, which control the distal musculature components of the descending motor pathways needed for limb movement. Both of these nuclei include projections to the motor cortex in the cerebrum. Nuclei The interposed nucleus is smaller than the dentate nucleus but larger than the fastigial nucleus and functions to modulate muscle stretch reflexes of distal musculature. It is located dorsal to the fourth ventricle and lateral to the fastigial nucleus; it receives afferent neuronal supply from the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and sends output via the superior cerebellar peduncle and the red nucleus. The fastigial nucleus is the most medial efferent cerebellar nucleus, targeting the pontine and medullary reticular formation as well as the vestibular nuclei. This region deals with antigravity muscle groups and other synergies involved with standing and walking. It is thought that fastigial nuclei axons are excitatory and project beyond the cerebellum, likely using glutamate and aspartate as neurotransmitters.
Cerebellar vermis
Midbrain reticular formation
Barrel cortex
Fusiform body area
Periaqueductal gray
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Hindbrain
Piriform cortex