According to studies, GTN is found more frequently in Asia compared to North America or Europe. As of 2020, the reported incidence of choriocarcinoma ranges from 1 in 40 000 pregnancies in North America and Europe, to 9.2 and 3.3 per 40 000 pregnancies in Southeast Asia and Japan, respectively. Epidemiological studies have reported that hydatidiform mole appears to be caused by abnormal gametogenesis and fertilization more frequent at the extremes of reproductive age of younger than 15 and older than 45 years of age and pregnancies at these ages are a risk factor for hydatidiform mole. The risk increases after age 35 and there is a 5–10 times increased risk after 45 years.
Trophoblastic neoplasm
Embryonal carcinoma
Embryoma
Germ cell tumor
Gastroblastoma
Mixed Müllerian tumor
Gestational choriocarcinoma
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma