<unk>  is an inability to maintain an erection in the presence of sufficient arterial blood flow through the cavernosal arteries of the penis. The defect lies in the excessive drainage of veins in the cavernosal tissue of the penis, which undermines normal erectile function. This provides extraordinary venous drainage from the corpora cavernosa of the penis despite the existence of a rigid erection and fails to adequately trap blood inside the corporeal chambers to maintain an erection of adequate strength or adequate length of time. It is still disputed as to what causes the excessive<unk> iness that is characteristic of the condition. However, it is mostly thought that the defect is in the connective tissue of the tunica albuginea surrounding the penile veins (most importantly, the Deep Dorsal Vein of the penis, a pair of cavernosal veins, and two pairs of para-arterial veins between the Buck's fascia and the tunica albuginea of the penis). Recently hemodynamic studies were conducted in both fresh and defrosted human cadavers in which a rigid erection was without exception attainable despite cavernosal tissue having lost its extensibility in cadaveric sinusoids. This implies a rigid penile erection is just a mechanical event and, consequently, that penile veins play a pivotal role in achieving a rigid erection. This is clearly a ramification of endorsing the determinant role of the erection-related veins in human erectile function. Furthermore, cavernosograms demonstrate that excessively<unk> y veins can cause drainage of the corpora cavernosa. Histological specimens of cavernosal tissue in patients with confirmed veno-occlusive disorder show changes in the structure of collagen and elastin making up the connective tissue of the penis when compared to a control group. These changes may be responsible for such symptoms. In addition, other possible causes include psychological stress, testosterone deficiency, neurotic deficit, a drug’s adverse influence, iatrogenic, and chronic systemic diseases such as diabetes and low urinary tract symptoms.
Venous leak
Wound contracture
Venous cutdown
Wound dehiscence
Grain entrapment
Venous stasis
Organ perforation
Adhesion 