Traditionally,<unk>  was diagnosed with Gram stain and culture; however, newer polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based testing methods are becoming more common. In those failing initial treatment, culture should be done to determine sensitivity to antibiotics. Tests that use PCR (aka nucleic acid amplification) to identify genes unique to N.<unk> e are recommended for screening and diagnosis of<unk>  infection. These PCR-based tests require a sample of urine, urethral swabs, or cervical/vaginal swabs. Culture (growing colonies of bacteria in order to isolate and identify them) and Gram-stain (staining of bacterial cell walls to reveal morphology) can also be used to detect the presence of N.<unk> e in all specimen types except urine. If Gram-negative, oxidase-positive diplococci are visualized on direct Gram stain of urethral pus (male genital infection), no further testing is needed to establish the diagnosis of<unk>  infection. However, in the case of female infection direct Gram stain of cervical swabs is not useful because the N.<unk> e organisms are less concentrated in these samples. The chances of false positives are increased as Gram-negative diplococci native to the normal vaginal flora cannot be distinguished from N.<unk> e. Thus, cervical swabs must be cultured under the conditions described above. If oxidase positive, Gram-negative diplococci are isolated from a culture of a cervical/vaginal swab specimen, then the diagnosis is made. Culture is especially useful for diagnosis of infections of the throat, rectum, eyes, blood, or joints—areas where PCR-based tests are not well established in all labs. Culture is also useful for antimicrobial sensitivity testing, treatment failure, and epidemiological purposes (outbreaks, surveillance). In patients who may have disseminated<unk> nococcal infection (DGI), all possible mucosal sites should be cultured (e.g., pharynx, cervix, urethra, rectum). Three sets of blood cultures should also be obtained. Synovial fluid should be collected in cases of septic arthritis. All people testing positive for<unk>  should be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus. Studies have found co-infection with chlamydia ranging from 46 to 54% in young people with<unk> . Among persons in the United States between 14 and 39 years of age, 46% of people with<unk> l infection also have chlamydial infection. For this reason,<unk>  and chlamydia testing are often combined. People diagnosed with<unk>  infection have a fivefold increase risk of HIV transmission. Additionally, infected persons who are HIV positive are more likely to shed and transmit HIV to uninfected partners during an episode of<unk> .
Gonorrhea
Vaginal yeast infection
Logorrhea 
Leukorrhea
Creatorrhea
Blennorrhea
Rhinorrhea
Cryptomenorrhea