<unk>  is usually diagnosed in an infant after they develop problems with feeding, such as coughing, cyanosis (blue lips) and failing to gain weight over time. Pulmonary infections are also common. The longer the cleft, the more severe are the symptoms.<unk>  is suspected after a video swallow study (VSS) shows material flowing into the airway rather than the esophagus, and diagnosis is confirmed through endoscopic examination, specifically microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. If a<unk>  is not seen on flexible nasopharyngoscopy, that does not mean that there is not one there.<unk> s are classified into four types according to Benjamin and Inglis. Type I clefts extend down to the vocal cords; Type II clefts extend below the vocal cords and into the cricoid cartilage; Type III clefts extend into the cervical trachea and Type IV clefts extend into the thoracic trachea. Subclassification of type IV clefts into Type IVA (extension to 5 mm below the innominate artery) and Type IV B (extension greater than 5 mm below the innominate artery) may help with preoperative selection of those who can be repaired via transtracheal approach (Type IV A) versus a cricotracheal separation approach (type IV B).
Laryngeal cleft
Sternal cleft
Neck ring
Clitoral hood
Oral torus
Midline cervical cleft
Craniofacial cleft
Pseudopterygium