Endoscopic image of<unk> , demonstrating narrow lumen esophagus (left), linear furrows (right) and esophageal rings (right) The diagnosis of<unk>  is made by biopsy of the mucosal lining of the esophagus. This is typically achieved at the time of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a medical procedure wherein an endoscope is inserted through the mouth, into the esophagus, in order to visualize and biopsy the mucosa. While the histologic changes in the biopsies are characterized by the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate, consisting primarily of lymphocytes in the absence of other inflammatory cells such as granulocytes, the criteria for making the diagnosis are still unclear. The location of the biopsies, cutoff of number of lymphocytes found in each high-power field of view of the microscope, the presence of spongiosis, and the need for immunohistochemical staining to define lymphocytes are all unclear still. While the diagnosis of<unk>  depends on the biopsy results, certain changes can be visualized directly at the time of endoscopy. The esophagus may be narrow in calibre, may show multiple rings, redness, linear furrows or the mucosal lining may slide demonstrating a "crepe-paper" appearance. Complications such as strictures of the esophagus can also be detected with endoscopy. These changes are very similar to those found in eosinophilic esophagitis, a more common and better understood esophageal disorder thought to be of allergic origin. Narrow-band imaging with magnification endoscopy is another imaging modality that can show characteristic changes of<unk> .
Lymphocytic esophagitis
Herpes esophagitis
Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Esophageal candidiasis
Atrophic gastritis
Barrett's esophagus
Nutcracker esophagus