Ventriculoperitoneal shunts For suspected cases of<unk> , CSF shunting is the first-line treatment. The most common type used to treat<unk>  is ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, which drain CSF fluid to the peritoneal cavity. Adjustable valves allow fine-tuning of CSF drainage.<unk>  symptoms reportedly improve in 70–90% of patients with CSF shunt. Risk-benefit analyses have shown beyond any doubt that surgery for<unk>  is far better than conservative treatment or the natural course. Gait symptoms improve in ≥ 85% patients. Cognitive symptoms improve in up to 80% of patients when surgery is performed early in the disease course. Incontinence improves in up to 80% of patients, but only in ≤ 50–60% of patients with shunt implanted late in disease course. The most likely patients to show improvement are those who show only gait deviation, mild or no incontinence, and mild dementia. The risk of adverse events related to shunt placement is 11%, including shunt failure, infections such as ventriculitis, shunt obstruction, over- or under-drainage, and development of a subdural hematoma. Medications No medications are effective for primary<unk> . Acetazolamide and other diuretics are not recommended except for limited use in patients who are not candidates for placement of a shunt.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Low pressure hydrocephalus
Lewy body dementias
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Multiple system atrophy
Frontotemporal dementia
Vascular dementia
Dementia with Lewy bodies