The presentation of some cases is similar to that of Kearns–Sayre syndrome. Myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers (MERRF) may be confused with<unk>  as they both involve seizures, mental deterioration, and myopathy with ragged red fibers on biopsy. MERRF patients may also have hearing loss, visual disturbance secondary to optic atrophy, and short stature. The characteristic myoclonic seizure in MERRF may help to narrow diagnosis, but genetic testing should be considered to distinguish the 2 conditions. Leigh syndrome may also present with progressive neurological deterioration, seizures, and vomiting mainly in young children.
MELAS syndrome
Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome
Pashayan syndrome
Fitzsimmons–Guilbert syndrome
Teunissen–Cremers syndrome
Fryns-Aftimos syndrome
Abruzzo–Erickson syndrome
Berk–Tabatznik syndrome