The most common instrument used to screen for "probable pathological<unk> " behavior is the South Oaks<unk>  Screen (SOGS) developed by Lesieur and Blume (1987) at the South Oaks Hospital in New York City. In recent years the use of SOGS has declined due to a number of criticisms, including that it overestimates false positives (Battersby, Tolchard, Thomas & Esterman, 2002). The DSM-IV diagnostic criteria presented as a checklist is an alternative to SOGS, it focuses on the psychological motivations underpinning<unk>  and was developed by the American Psychiatric Association. It consists of ten diagnostic criteria. One frequently used screening measure based upon the DSM-IV criteria is the National Opinion Research Center DSM Screen for<unk> <unk> s (NODS). The Canadian<unk>  Inventory (CPGI) and the Victorian<unk>  Screen (VGS) are newer assessment measures. The<unk>  Severity Index, which focuses on the harms associated with<unk> , is composed of nine items from the longer CPGI. The VGS is also harm based and includes 15 items. The VGS has proven validity and reliability in population studies as well as Adolescents and clinic gamblers.
Problem gambling
Pornography addiction
Video game addiction
Computer addiction
Doping in sport
Addiction
Blood phobia
Alcohol dependence