Plain X-ray of the chest and abdomen showing a feeding tube unable to move beyond an upper esophageal pouch. Plain x-ray with contrast in the upper esophagus above the atresia. Surgical treatment of the condition. Schematic representation. This birth defect arises in the fourth fetal week, when the trachea and esophagus should begin to separate from each other. It can be associated with disorders of the tracheoesophageal septum. Complications Any attempt at feeding could cause aspiration pneumonia as the milk collects in the blind pouch and overflows into the trachea and lungs. Furthermore, a fistula between the lower esophagus and trachea may allow stomach acid to flow into the lungs and cause damage. Because of these dangers, the condition must be treated as soon as possible after birth. Associated birth defects Other birth defects may co-exist, particularly in the heart, but sometimes also in the anus, spinal column, or kidneys. This is known as VACTERL association because of the involvement of Vertebral column, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheal, Esophageal, Renal, and Limbs. It is associated with polyhydramnios in the third trimester.
Esophageal atresia
Gastric atresia
Esophageal achalasia
Hiatal hernia
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Atresia
Duodenal atresia
Situs inversus