<unk> s can be detected using a faecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, digital rectal examination, barium enema or a pill camera. Malignant potential is associated with * degree of dysplasia * Type of<unk>  (e.g. villous adenoma): * Tubular Adenoma: 5% risk of cancer * Tubulovillous adenoma: 20% risk of cancer * Villous adenoma: 40% risk of cancer * Size of<unk> : * 2 cm=50% risk of cancer Normally an adenoma that is greater than 0.5 cm is treated. Gallery Image:Hyperplastic<unk> 1.Microvesicular hyperplastic<unk> . H&E stain. Image:Hyperplastic<unk> 2.Microvesicular hyperplastic<unk> . H&E stain. Image:Traditional serrated adenoma intermed mag.Traditional serrated adenoma. H&E stain. File:Colon cancer.Gross appearance of a colectomy specimen containing two<unk> s and one invasive colorectal carcinoma File:Tubular adenoma 2 high mag.Micrograph of a tubular adenoma, the most common type of dysplastic<unk>  in the colon. File:Sessile serrated adenoma.Micrograph of a sessile serrated adenoma. H&E stain. File:Peutz-Jeghers syndrome<unk> .Micrograph of a Peutz–Jeghers colonic<unk>  – a type of hamartomatous<unk> . H&E stain. File:Tubular adenoma high mag.Micrograph of a tubular adenoma – dysplastic epithelium (dark purple) on left of image; normal epithelium (blue) on right. H&E stain. File:Villous adenoma1.Micrograph of a villous adenoma. These<unk> s are considered to have a high risk of malignant transformation. H&E stain. File:Paris classification of colorectal neoplasms.Paris classification of colorectal neoplasms. NICE classification In colonoscopy,<unk> s can be classified by NICE (Narrow-band imaging International Colorectal Endoscopic): Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Color Same or lighter than background Browner than background Browner or darkly browner than background, sometimes patchy whiter areas Vessels None, or isolated lacy vessels coursing across the lesion Brown vessels surrounding white structures Area of disrupted or missing vessels Surface Pattern Homogenous, or dark or white spots of uniform size Oval, tubular or branched white structures surrounded by brown vessels Amorphous or absent surface pattern Most likely pathology Hyperplasia Adenoma Deep submucosal invasive cancer Treatment Follow up Mucosal or submucosal<unk> ectomy Surgical operation
Colorectal polyp
Colorectal adenoma
Anal dysplasia
Anorectal varices
Gastric varices
Anal fistula
Callous ulcer
Reactive gastropathy