There is some evidence that a predisposition to<unk> s and other parasomnias may be congenital. Individuals frequently report that past family members have had either episodes of sleep terrors or sleepwalking. In some studies, a ten-fold increase in the prevalence of<unk> s in first-degree biological relatives has been observed—however, the exact link to inheritance is not known. Familial aggregation has been found suggesting that there is an autosomal mode of inheritance. In addition, some laboratory findings suggest that sleep deprivation and having a fever can increase the likelihood of a<unk>  episode occurring. Other contributing factors include nocturnal asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, central nervous system medications, and a constricted nasal passage. Special consideration must be used when the subject suffers from narcolepsy, as there may be a link. There have been no findings that show a cultural difference between manifestations of<unk> s, though it is thought that the significance and cause of<unk> s differ within cultures. Also, older children and adults provide highly detailed and descriptive images associated with their sleep terrors compared to younger children, who either cannot recall or only vaguely remember. Sleep terrors in children are also more likely to occur in males than females; in adults, the ratio between sexes is equal. A longitudinal study examined twins, both identical and fraternal, and found that a significantly higher concordance rate of<unk>  was found in identical twins than in fraternal. Though the symptoms of<unk> s in adolescents and adults are similar, their causes, prognoses, and treatments are qualitatively different. There is some evidence that suggests that<unk> s can occur if the sufferer does not eat a proper diet, does not get the appropriate amount or quality of sleep (e.g., because of sleep apnea), or is enduring stressful events. Adults who have experienced sexual abuse are more likely to receive a diagnosis of sleep disorders, including<unk> s. Overall, though, adult<unk> s are much less common and often respond best to treatments that rectify causes of poor quality or quantity of sleep.
Night terror
Sleep paralysis
Night Terror
Biovail
Bad Trip
Youth suicide
Copycat suicide
Yumiko-chan incident