<unk>  deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies affecting up to two billion people worldwide.<unk>  deficiency commonly occurs in patients suffering chronic infection.<unk> s are used to treat patients with<unk>  deficiency,<unk> -deficiency anaemia and chronic kidney disease. IV<unk><unk> s are administered to patients who cannot use oral supplementation to treat their deficiency, or if oral treatment has proven ineffective. Oral<unk>  supplementations are the first line of care for<unk>  deficiency and<unk>  deficiency anaemia. Anaemic patients are treated with<unk>  tablets containing 100 mg to 200 mg of<unk> . Oral<unk>  tablets are not easily tolerated and may cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhoea. The oxidative properties of<unk>  conflict with the gastrointestinal tract prohibiting proper absorption of<unk>  into the blood. Disorders affecting the gut lead to resistance against oral supplements. Side effects of constipation or diarrhoea are more common with the use of oral<unk>  than<unk> <unk> . The adverse effects associated with oral<unk>  supplements prohibit patients from completing the full course of medication.<unk> s are prescribed when gastrointestinal absorption is poor or when an urgent increase in haemoglobin levels is required for severely anaemic patients, such as women in their second and third trimester of pregnancy.<unk>  deficiency anaemia effects forty-two percent of pregnant women.<unk> s are a form of treatment for pregnant women that ensures a fast and early recovery. Pregnant women are more likely to successfully replenish<unk>  stores and increase their haemoglobin levels with<unk> <unk>  compared to oral<unk>  supplements. Recovery is reached faster and with fewer side effects than oral<unk> .<unk> <unk>  is proven to be very effective for pregnant women with<unk>  deficiency anaemia but not necessarily more effective than oral supplements for those with<unk>  deficiency alone. The type of<unk>  supplement used depends on the patient's specific condition. The degree and severity of anaemia, tolerability to previous treatment and history of allergy must all be considered before<unk> <unk>  is administered. Correction of<unk>  deficiency with oral<unk>  supplements is particularly ineffective when a patient suffers from a coexisting medical condition.<unk> <unk>  therapy has an established role in the treatment of<unk>  deficiency anaemia when oral supplements are ineffective or cannot be used. IV<unk><unk> s can administer the exact dose of<unk>  to normalise levels in the blood. Pre-operative anaemia is associated with high risk of death.<unk> s can optimise haemoglobin levels, significantly reducing mortality rates. IV<unk>  is found to be highly effective for patients with chronic kidney disease when combined with erythropoiesis stimulating agents. Recent studies of<unk>  and its associated with red blood cells has increased interest in the use and development of<unk> <unk>  therapy to reduce the requirement for allogenic red blood cell transfusions. These findings show that<unk> <unk>  has a broad use to many patients where anaemia is an underlying issue.
Intravenous iron infusion
Intravenous ascorbic acid
Activated charcoal cleanse
Iron preparation
Granulocyte transfusion
Phlebotomy
Hemotherapy
Autologous blood therapy