Organophosphorus chemistry<unk>  is a precursor to many organophosphorus compounds. It reacts with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen chloride to give tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, which is used in textiles. The hydrophosphination of alkenes is versatile route to a variety of<unk> s. For example, in the presence of basic catalysts<unk>  adds of Michael acceptors. Thus with acrylonitrile, it reacts to give tris(cyanoethyl)phosphine: :PH3 + 3 CH2=CHZ → P(CH2CH2Z)3 (Z is NO2, CN, or C(O)NH2) Acid catalysis is applicable to hydrophosphination with isobutylene and related analogues: :PH3 + R2C=CH2 → R2(CH3)CPH2 (R is Me, alkyl, etc.) Microelectronics<unk>  is used as a dopant in the semiconductor industry, and a precursor for the deposition of compound semiconductors. Commercially significant products include gallium<unk>  and indium<unk> . Fumigant For farm use, pellets of aluminium<unk> , calcium<unk> , or zinc<unk>  release<unk>  upon contact with atmospheric water or rodents' stomach acid. These pellets also contain agents to reduce the potential for ignition or explosion of the released<unk> . A more recent alternative is the use of<unk>  gas itself which requires dilution with either CO2 or N2 or even air to bring it below the flammability point. Use of the gas avoids the issues related with the solid residues left by metal<unk>  and results in faster, more efficient control of the target pests. Because the previously popular fumigant methyl bromide has been phased out in some countries under the Montreal Protocol,<unk>  is the only widely used, cost-effective, rapidly acting fumigant that does not leave residues on the stored product. Pests with high levels of resistance toward<unk>  have become common in Asia, Australia and Brazil. High level resistance is also likely to occur in other regions, but has not been as closely monitored. Genetic variants that contribute to high level resistance to<unk>  have been identified in the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase gene. Identification of this gene now allows rapid molecular identification of resistant insects.
Phosphine
Phosphate
High-energy phosphate
Nitrate
Gluten
Saline 
Inositol
Chorus