GRIs can induce a wide range of psychological and physiological effects, including: * general and subjective alteration in consciousness * dizziness * blurry vision * diplopia or double vision * nystagmus or involuntary eye movements * amblyopia or "lazy eye" * tinnitus or "ear ringing" * sedation * drowsiness or somnolence * narcolepsy * tiredness or weakness * fatigue or lethargy * aches and pains * headache * nausea and vomiting * gastrointestinal disturbances * shakiness * disorientation * diminished awareness * impaired attention * focus and concentration * decreased drive and motivation * stuttering and slurring of speech * confusion * cognitive and memory impairment * mood lift or drop * depression * anxiolysis * disinhibition * stress reduction * euphoria or dysphoria * irritability * aggression * anger or rage * increased appetite and subsequent weight gain * ataxia or impaired coordination and balance * muscle relaxation * trembling or muscle tremors and spasms * paresthesia or "pins and needles" * analgesia * respiratory depression * dyspnea or shortness of breath Many of these properties are dependent on whether the GRI in question is capable of crossing the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Those that do not will only produce peripheral effects. GRIs such as CI-966 have been characterized as hallucinogens with effects analogous to those of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (a constituent of Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) mushrooms) when administered at sufficient doses. Overdose At very high doses characterized by overdose, a number of symptoms may come to prominence, including: * severe cognitive deficit to the point of acute retardation * anterograde or retrograde amnesia * drooling * piloerection or "goose bumps" * agitation or restlessness * flailing * thrashing and screaming * unintentional or accidental injury * delirium * hallucinations * myoclonus * dystonia * paralysis * stupor * faintness or loss of consciousness * seizures or convulsions * status epilepticus * coma and respiratory arrest or cessation of breathing * brain damage * death
GABA reuptake inhibitor
GABA analogue
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Glycine reuptake inhibitor
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Opioid antagonist