Complete vascular rings represent about 0.5-1% of all congenital cardiovascular malformations. The majority of these are<unk> es. There is no known gender preference, i.e. males and females are about equally affected. There is also no known ethnic or geographic disposition. Associated cardiovascular anomalies are found in 10-15% of patients. These include: * Atrial septal defect (ASD) * Ventricular septal defect (VSD) * Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) * Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) * Transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA)
Double aortic arch
Interrupted aortic arch
First arch syndrome
Right-sided aortic arch
Pulmonary atresia
Tricuspid atresia
Situs ambiguus
Double inlet left ventricle