<unk>  use may result in minor side effects, and in rare cases, cause severe and possibly chronic adverse effects, predominantly when administered via intramuscular injection. Clinical trials and studies with<unk>  use during pregnancy are limited, and have produced no definite conclusions of risk to the foetus. However, use of bacitracin as a topical or ophthalmic medication is considered relatively safe during breastfeeding, due to the skin's low absorption rate of chemicals. Bacitracin has minimal adverse effects and relatively low toxicity. Side effects such as minor skin irritation, fever and nausea are present in some instances. However, cases of anaphylaxis; a severe allergic reaction which can potentially lead to death, have been reported after multiple uses of topical bacitracin on lesions in patients. Bacitracin use as an irrigation solution and topical bacitracin use after rhinoplasty procedures have also produced rare cases of anaphylaxis. Use of polymyxins may cause nephrotoxicity and neuropathy; damage to the kidney via systemic use of drugs or toxins, and nerve damage that can cause pain, numbness and weakness respectively. Colistin is considered to have high toxicity, mainly having renal and neurological effects, including but not limited to decreased urine secretion, increased urea nitrogen concentrations in the blood and acute tubular necrosis. This is the result of Colistin removal via renal excretion, thus renal function should be monitored. Neurological effects are more common to develop in children, causing weakness, lethargy, confusion and respiratory paralysis. Bleomycin use causes side effects ranging from nausea, vomiting, anorexia and fevers, to fatal pulmonary toxicity in 1–2% of cases resulting in death. More commonly, skin reactions occur including erythema or redness of the skin, hyperpigmentation with darker patches of skin, and the presence or formation of vesicles. Immediately after administration, bleomycin can also cause fever chills and hypotension or low blood pressure. However, the main limiting factor or bleomycin use is pulmonary toxicity. Reactive oxygen species produced via the redox reactions that occur due to its mechanism of action involving binding to guanine bases in DNA, which results in reduced membrane stability. These oxidants can cause lung inflammation and damage alveolar epithelial cells, resulting in the release of cytokines and growth factors that stimulate the rapid myofibroblast growth; cells between a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell, as well as the secretion of a pathologic extracellular matrix where cells migrate, proliferate and differentiate, thus leading to fibrosis.
Polypeptide antibiotic
Quinolone antibiotic
Protease inhibitor 
Lipase inhibitors
Antiviral drug
Beta-lactam antibiotics
Antimetabolite
Sulfonamide 