The classic triad of symptoms found in<unk>  is: * ophthalmoplegia (later expanded to other eye movement disorders, most commonly affecting the lateral rectus muscle. Lateral nystagmus is most commonly seen although lateral rectus palsy, usually bilateral, may be seen). * ataxia (later expanded to imbalance or any cerebellar signs) * confusion (later expanded to other mental changes. Has 82% incidence in diagnosis cases) However, in actuality, only a small percentage of patients experience all three symptoms, and the full triad occurs more frequently among those who have overused alcohol. Also a much more diverse range of symptoms has been found in patients with this condition, including: * pupillary changes, retinal hemorrhage, papilledema, impaired vision and hearing, vision loss * hearing loss, * fatigability, apathy, irritability, drowsiness, psycho and/or motor slowing * dysphagia, blush, sleep apnea, epilepsy and stupor * lactic acidosis * memory impairment, amnesia, depression, psychosis * hypothermia, polyneuropathy, hyperhidrosis. Although hypothermia is usually diagnosed with a body temperature of 35 °C / 95° Fahrenheit, or less, incipient cooling caused by deregulation in the central nervous system (CNS) needs to be monitored because it can promote the development of an infection. The patient may report feeling cold, followed by mild chills, cold skin, moderate pallor, tachycardia, hypertension, tremor or piloerection. External warming techniques are advised to prevent hypothermia. Among the frequently altered functions are the cardio circulatory. There may be tachycardia, dyspnea, chest pain, orthostatic hypotension, changes in heart rate and blood pressure. The lack of thiamine sometimes affects other major energy consumers, the myocardium, and also patients may have developed cardiomegaly. Heart failure with lactic acidosis syndrome has been observed. Cardiac abnormalities are an aspect of the WE, which was not included in the traditional approach, and are not classified as a separate disease. Infections have been pointed out as one of the most frequent triggers of death in WE. Furthermore, infections are usually present in pediatric cases. In the last stage other symptoms may occur: hyperthermia, increased muscle tone, spastic paralysis, choreic dyskinesias and coma. Because of the frequent involvement of heart, eyes and peripheral nervous system, several authors prefer to call it<unk>  disease rather than simply<unk> . Early symptoms are nonspecific, and it has been stated that WE may present nonspecific findings. In<unk>  Korsakoff's syndrome some single symptoms are present in about one-third. Location of the lesion Depending on the location of the brain lesion different symptoms are more frequent: * Brainstem tegmentum. - Ocular: pupillary changes. Extraocular muscle palsy; gaze palsy: nystagmus. * Hypothalamus. Medulla: dorsal nuc. of vagus. - Autonomic dysfunction: temperature; cardiocirculatory; respiratory. * Medulla: vestibular region. Cerebellum. - Ataxia. * Dorsomedial nuc. of thalamus. Mammillary bodies. - Amnestic syndrome for recent memory. Mamillary lesion are characteristic-small petechial hemorrhages are found. * Diffuse cerebral dysfunction.- Altered cognition: global confusional state. * Brainstem: periaqueductal gray.- Reduction of consciousness * Hypothalamic lesions may also affect the immune system, which is known in people who consume excessive amounts of alcohol, causing dysplasias and infections. Korsakoff syndrome Korsakoff syndrome, characterised by memory impairment, confabulation, confusion and personality changes, has a strong and recognised link with WE. A very high percentage of patients with<unk> –Korsakoff syndrome also have peripheral neuropathy, and many people who consume excess alcohol have this neuropathy without other neurologic signs or symptoms. Korsakoff's occurs much more frequently in WE due to chronic alcoholism. It is uncommon among those who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol. Up to 80% of WE patients who misuse alcohol develop Korsakoff's syndrome. In Korsakoff's, is usually observed atrophy of the thalamus and the mammillary bodies, and frontal lobe involvement. In a study, half of<unk> -Korsakoff cases had good recovery from the amnesic state, which may take from 2 months to 10 years.
Wernicke encephalopathy
Alcohol intoxication
Powassan encephalitis
Anti-Hu associated encephalitis
Glycine encephalopathy
Toxic encephalopathy
Early myoclonic encephalopathy
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy