Immediate One of the first noticeable effects of large-dose<unk>  ingestion is ataxia, a difficulty in coordinating muscle motion which makes standing and walking difficult without assistance. Xerostomia (dry mouth), nausea, and vomiting may follow. These symptoms may be long in duration, ranging from 4 to 24 hours in some cases.<unk>  is sometimes administered per rectum to avoid nausea and vomiting.<unk>  decreases body temperature. Cardiovascular<unk>  causes long QT syndrome at higher doses, apparently by blocking hERG potassium channels in the heart. Neurotoxicity Work in the laboratory of Mark Molliver at Johns Hopkins indicated degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells observed in rats given substantially larger dosages of<unk>  than those used to study drug self-administration and withdrawal. However, subsequent research found no evidence of neurotoxicity in a primate or mouse at dosages that produced cerebellar degeneration in the rat, and it has been suggested that cerebellar degeneration might be a phenomenon limited to a single species. The FDA was aware of Molliver's work at the time it approved a phase-1 study in which humans received<unk>  in 1993. Neuropathological examination revealed no evidence of degenerative changes in a woman who had received four separate doses of<unk>  ranging between 10 and 30 mg⁄ kg over a 15-month interval. A published series of fatalities temporally associated with the ingestion of<unk>  found no evidence suggesting a characteristic syndrome of neurotoxicity.
Ibogaine
Noribogaine
Oxybuprocaine
Procaine
Levobupivacaine
Tetracaine
Iontocaine
Proxymetacaine