<unk> , also known as multiperforation or laparoscopic ovarian diathermy, is a surgical technique of puncturing the membranes surrounding the ovary with a laser beam or a surgical needle using minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures. It differs from ovarian wedge resection, which involves the cutting of tissue. Minimally invasive<unk>  procedures have replaced wedge resections.<unk>  is preferred to wedge resection because cutting into the ovary can cause adhesions which may complicate postoperative outcomes.<unk>  and ovarian wedge resection are treatment options to reduce the amount of androgen producing tissue in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is the primary cause of anovulation, which results in female infertility. The induction of mono-ovulatory cycles can restore fertility. Laparoscopic<unk>  (LOD) may improve the effectiveness of other ovulation induction treatments and results in lower multiple pregnancy rates than other treatment options like gonadotropins. The oral drug clomiphene citrate (CC) is the first-line treatment for PCOS-related infertility, yet one-fifth of women are resistant to the drug and fail to ovulate. Patients are considered resistant if the treatment fails for six months at the appropriate dosage.<unk>  is a surgical alternative to CC treatment or recommended for women with WHO Group II ovulation disorders. Other non-surgical medical options in the treatment of PCOS include the oestrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, insulin sensitising drugs, and hormonal ovarian stimulation. The effectiveness of the surgical procedure is similar to CC or gonadotropin treatment for induced ovulation for PCOS patients, but results in fewer multiple pregnancies per ongoing pregnancy regardless if the technique is unilaterally or bilaterally performed. If patients do not become pregnant six months after ovulation has been reestablished from<unk>  treatment, drug treatments may be reintroduced or in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be considered.
Ovarian drilling
Ovarian stimulation
Hysterotomy
Sacrohysteropexy
Progesterone vaginal ring
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation
Hormonal IUDs
Morphokinetics IVF