<unk>  is diagnosed by ophthalmoscopic examination. Patients with<unk>  exhibit an optic<unk>  that appears smaller than normal and different in appearance from small optic<unk> s caused by other eye conditions such as optic<unk>  atrophy. DM:DD ratio has proven to be a clinically useful measurement to help diagnose<unk> . Where "DM" represents the distance from Disk to Macula, and "DD" represents Disc Diameter. The mean disc diameter (DD) is (Vertical diameter of Disc+Horizontal diameter of Disc) divided by 2. The distance between the center of the disc and the macula is DM. Interpretation: When the ratio of DM to DD is greater than 3,<unk>  is suspected, and when it is greater than 4,<unk>  is definite.
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Septo-optic dysplasia
Macular hypoplasia
Cystic eyeball
Retinal dysplasia
Congenital cataract
Vitreous bulge
Post-lingual deafness