Health advocacy messages such as this one encourage patients to talk with their doctor<unk> out safety in using<unk> s.<unk> s are screened for any negative effects before their approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and well tolerated. However, some<unk> s have been associated with a wide extent of adverse side effects ranging from mild to very severe depending on the type of<unk>  used, the microbes targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the<unk>  or may involve hypersensitivity or allergic reactions. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side effects of oral<unk> s include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Taking probiotics during the course of<unk>  treatment can help prevent<unk> -associated diarrhea. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as the possibility of tendon damage from the administration of a quinolone<unk>  with a systemic corticosteroid. Some<unk> s may also damage the mitochondrion, a bacteria-derived organelle found in eukaryotic, including human, cells. Mitochondrial damage cause oxidative stress in cells and has been suggested as a mechanism for side effects from fluoroquinolones. They are also known to affect chloroplasts.
Antibiotic
Steroid
Antimicrobial
Antiseptic
Broad-spectrum antibiotic
Antiemetic
Analgesic
Antiviral drug