A<unk>  (CSF<unk>  or CSFL) is a medical condition where the<unk><unk>  (CSF) surrounding the brain or spinal cord<unk> s out of one or more holes or tears in the dura mater. A<unk>  can be either cranial or spinal, and these are two different disorders. A spinal CSF<unk>  can be caused by one or more meningeal diverticula or CSF-venous fistulas not associated with an epidural<unk> . A CSF<unk>  is either caused by trauma including that arising from medical interventions or spontaneously sometimes in those with predisposing conditions (known as a spontaneous<unk>  or sCSF<unk> . Traumatic causes include a lumbar puncture noted by a post-dural-puncture headache, or a fall or other accident. Spontaneous CSF<unk> s are associated with heritable connective tissue disorders including Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. A loss of CSF greater than its rate of production leads to a decreased volume inside the skull known as intracranial hypotension. Any CSF<unk>  is most often characterized by orthostatic headaches, which worsen when standing, and improve when lying down. Other symptoms can include neck pain or stiffness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, and a metallic taste in the mouth. A CT myelography scan can identify the site of a<unk> age. Once identified, the<unk>  can often be repaired by an epidural blood patch, an injection of the patient's own blood at the site of the<unk> , a fibrin glue injection, or surgery. The set of symptoms associated with a sCSF<unk>  is referred to as a spontaneous<unk>  syndrome (SCSFLS). A sCSF<unk>  is uncommon but not rare, affecting at least one in 20,000 people and many more who go undiagnosed every year. On average, the condition develops at age 42, and women are twice as likely to be affected. Some people with a sCSF<unk>  have a chronic<unk>  of<unk><unk>  despite repeated patching attempts, leading to long-term disability due to pain and being unable to be upright, and surgery is often needed. SCSFLS was first described by German neurologist Georg Schaltenbrand in 1938 and by American neurologist Henry Woltman of the Mayo Clinic in the 1950s.
Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Pneumocephalus
Brain herniation
Hemicrania continua
Hydrocephalus
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Epidural hematoma