<unk> occurring on the cervical margins from the effects of friction from toothbrushing and abrasive toothpastes Cause of<unk> may arise from interaction of teeth with other objects such as toothbrushes, toothpicks, floss, and ill-fitting dental appliance like retainers and dentures. Apart from that, people with habits such as nail biting, chewing tobacco, lip or tongue piercing, and having occupation such as joiner, are subjected to higher risks of<unk>  The aetiology of dental<unk> can be due to a single stimuli or, as in most cases, multi-factorial. The most common cause of dental<unk>  is the combination of mechanical and chemical wear. Tooth brushing is the most common cause of dental<unk>  which is found to develop along the gingival margin, due to vigorous brushing in this area. The type of toothbrush, the technique used and the force applied when brushing can influence the occurrence and severity of resulting<unk>  Further, brushing for extended periods of time (exceeding 2-3 min) in some cases, when combined with medium/hard bristled toothbrushes can cause abrasive lesions.<unk> may also be exacerbated by overzealous use of certain types of dentifrice; some have more abrasive qualities to remove stains such as whitening toothpastes. The bristles combined with forceful brushing techniques applied can roughen the tooth surface and cause<unk> as well as aggravating the gums. Repetitive irritation to the gingival margin can eventually cause recession of the gums. When the gums recede, the root surface is exposed which is more susceptible to<unk>  Comparatively, electric toothbrushes have less abrasive tendencies. When combined with incorrect brushing technique, toothpastes can also damage enamel and dentine due to the abrasive properties. Specific ingredients are used in toothpaste to target removal of the bio-film and extrinsic staining however in some cases can contribute to the pastes being abrasive. In-home and clinical whitening have been proven to increase the likelihood of an individual experiencing dental<unk>  It is believed that dental<unk> due to the whitening process is caused by a combination of both mechanical and chemical irritants, for example, using whitening toothpaste and at home bleaching kits together. However, if an individual is regimented in their after-whitening care then they can avoid loss of tooth structure and in turn<unk> can be avoided. Another factor that can contribute to abrasive loss of tooth structure is the alteration of pH levels at the tooth surface. This can associated with the consumption of acidic foods and liquids or regurgitation of stomach acid, a process known as dental erosion. An increase in acidity at the tooth surface can induce demineralization and softening, therefore leaving the tooth structure susceptible to abrasive factors such as tooth brushing. When the surface of the tooth structure is softened by acid, mechanical forces such as brushing can cause irreparable damage on tooth surface. Remineralization of the softened surface can help prevent this damage from occurring.
Abrasion 
Elscint
Skin fissure
Overbite
Hobcart
Veinoplus
Flat wart
Skin tag