<unk>  (or<unk> al medicine) is a form of alternative medicine based on pseudoscientific and occult notions. Devised in the 1920s by Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) in conjunction with Ita Wegman (1876–1943),<unk> al medicine draws on Steiner's spiritual philosophy, which he called anthroposophy. Practitioners employ a variety of treatment techniques based upon<unk>  precepts, including massage, exercise, counselling, and substances. Many drug preparations used in<unk>  are ultra-diluted substances, similar to those used in homeopathy. Homeopathic remedies are not medically effective and are generally considered harmless, except when used as a substitute for a scientifically proven and effective cure. In certain European countries, people with cancer are sometimes prescribed remedies made from specially harvested mistletoe, although no evidence of clinical benefit exists. Some<unk>  doctors oppose childhood vaccination, and this has led to preventable outbreaks of disease.<unk>  departs from fundamental biological principles in several respects. For example, Steiner said that the heart is not a pump, but that the blood in a sense pumps itself.<unk>  also proposes that patients' past lives may influence their illness and that the course of an illness is subject to karmic destiny. Professor of complementary medicine Edzard Ernst and other physicians and scientists including Simon Singh and David Gorski have characterized<unk>  as pseudoscientific quackery with no basis in reason or logic.
Anthroposophic medicine
Topological drugs
Chiral drugs
Concierge medicine
Anti-psychiatry
Prebiotic 
Antimanic drugs
Antiemetic