<unk>  is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by persistent use of a drug despite substantial harm and adverse consequences. Repetitive drug use often alters brain function in ways that perpetuate craving and undermine (but do not negate) self-control. This phenomenon—drugs reshaping brain function—has led to an understanding of<unk>  as a brain disorder with a complex variety of neurobiological and psychosocial factors that are implicated in its development. Classic hallmarks of<unk>  include compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, preoccupation with substances or behavior, and continued use despite adverse consequences. Habits and patterns associated with<unk>  are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs). Examples of drug and behavioral<unk> s include alcohol use disorder, marijuana<unk> , amphetamine<unk> , cocaine<unk> , nicotine<unk> , opioid<unk> , video game<unk> , gambling<unk> , and sexual<unk> . The only behavioral<unk>  recognized by the DSM-5 and the ICD-10 is gambling<unk> . With the introduction of the ICD-11 gaming<unk>  was appended. The term<unk> " is frequently misused when referring to other compulsive behaviors or disorders, particularly dependence, in news media. An important distinction between drug<unk>  and dependence is that drug dependence is a disorder in which cessation of drug use results in an unpleasant state of withdrawal, which can lead to further drug use.<unk>  is the compulsive use of a substance or performance of a behavior that is independent of withdrawal.<unk>  can occur in the absence of dependence, and dependence can occur in the absence of<unk> , although the two often occur together.
Addiction
Amphetamine dependence
Behavioral addiction
Cocaine dependence
Polysubstance dependence
Benzodiazepine dependence
Substance dependence
Suicide