Cutaneous receptors are sensory receptors in the skin that detect changes in temperature (thermoreceptors) and pain (nociceptors). These cutaneous receptors initiate an impulse via excitation of the main sensory<unk>  to the spinal cord. The<unk>  is the spread of this impulse from the main<unk>  to nearby blood vessels in the stimulated area of the skin. These impulses in the affected area release chemical agents that cause blood vessels to dilate and leak, causing the skin to sweat. Acetylcholine is released, leads to an increased extracellular calcium, which causes extracellular hyperpolarization followed by dilation of the arteriole. The redness leads to the flare response of the<unk> . This mechanism of vasodilation is supported by research, and the effectiveness of the vasomotor response can be explained by the value of Tau (the time constant of the blood circulation over that area experiences effect from a sensor). In general, the value of Tau does not change much in temperatures of 39 °C and higher, whereas temperatures below 39 °C will exhibit a significant variance in the value of Tau. The vasodilation causing signal originates from an increase in skin temperature, approaching a threshold of around 40 °C. The cooling phase of Tau will depend on body mechanics and an individual’s ability to radiate heat from the body.
Axon reflex
Baroreflex
H-reflex
Tendon reflex
Moro reflex
Landau reflex
Bekhterev–Mendel reflex
Scratch reflex