The following types of<unk>  have been identified in humans. Name OMIM Gene Description<unk> 1 TYR<unk> 1 is caused by mutations of the tyrosinase gene, and can occur in two variations. The first is<unk> 1a, and means that the organism cannot synthesize melanin whatsoever. The hair is usually white (often translucent) and the skin is very pale. Vision usually ranges from 20/200 to 20/400. The second is<unk> 1b, which has several subtypes itself. Some individuals with<unk> 1b can tan and also develop pigment in the hair. One subtype of<unk> 1b is called<unk> 1b TS (temperature sensitive), where the tyrosinase can only function below a certain temperature, which causes the body hair in cooler body regions to develop pigment (i.e. get darker). (An equivalent mutation produces the points pattern in Siamese cats.) Another variant of<unk> 1b, called<unk> , yellow mutant type, is more common among the Amish than in other populations. It results in blonde hair and the eventual development of skin pigmentation during infancy, though at birth is difficult to distinguish from other types. About 1 in 40,000 people have some form of<unk> 1.<unk> 2<unk> 2 The most common type of<unk>  is caused by mutation of the P gene. People with<unk> 2 generally have more pigment and better vision than those with<unk> 1, but cannot tan like some with<unk> 1b. A little pigment can develop in freckles or moles. People with<unk> 2 usually have fair skin, but are often not as pale as<unk> 1. They have pale blonde to golden, strawberry blonde, or even brown hair, and most commonly blue eyes. Affected people of African descent usually have a different phenotype (appearance): yellow hair, pale skin, and blue, gray or hazel eyes. About 1 in 15,000 people have<unk> 2. The gene MC1R doesn't cause<unk> 2, but does affect its presentation.<unk> 3 TYRP1 Has only been partially researched and documented. It is caused by mutation of the tyrosinase-related protein-1 (Tyrp1) gene. Cases have been reported in Africa and New Guinea. Affected individuals typically have red hair, reddish-brown skin and blue or gray eyes. Variants may include rufous<unk>  (ROCA or xanthism). The incidence rate of<unk> 3 is unknown.<unk> 4 SLC45A2 Is very rare outside Japan, where<unk> 4 accounts for 24% of<unk>  cases.<unk> 4 can only be distinguished from<unk> 2 through genetic testing, and is caused by mutation of this membrane-associated transporter protein (MATP) gene. Several German patients were identified in 2004.<unk> 5<unk> 5 was identified in a Pakistani family with "golden-colored hair, white skin, nystagmus, photophobia, foveal hypoplasia, and impaired visual acuity, regardless of their sex and age". Genetic analysis localized the defect to human chromosome region 4q24, but failed to identify a candidate gene.<unk> 6 SLC24A5 One of the rarest forms of<unk> ,<unk> 6 was detected in Chinese individuals but is not thought to be limited to this ethnicity. It is heterogeneous in its effect of hair color, and results from mutations in the SLC24A5 gene, a membrane transporter that plays a role in pigmentation in a range of vertebrate species.<unk> 7 C10orf11<unk> 7 was originally characterized in a family from the Faroe Islands, but was subsequently identified in a Lithuanian patient. It is characterized by lighter pigmentation and significant effects on the eye, including decreased visual acuity and misrouting of neuronal tracks through the optic chiasm. It is due to mutation of a gene of unknown function, C10orf11 (11th uncharacterized open reading frame on chromosome 10, ).
Oculocutaneous albinism
Ocular albinism
Ocular albinism type 1
Retinoschisis
Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome
Lafora disease
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Spastic ataxia-corneal dystrophy syndrome