Echocardiography, conventional and colour flow Doppler ultrasound, and cine nuclear magnetic resonance (cine NMR) imaging suggest the murmur is the result of (aortic regurgitant) flow impingement on the inner surface of the heart, i.e. the endocardium. Classical description Classically, it is described as being the result of mitral valve leaflet displacement and turbulent mixing of anterograde mitral flow and retrograde aortic flow: Displacement: The blood jets from the aortic regurgitation strike the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, which often results in premature closure of the mitral leaflets. This can be mistaken for mitral stenosis. Turbulence of the two columns of blood: Blood from left atrium to left ventricle and blood from aorta to left ventricle.
Austin Flint murmur
Carey Coombs murmur
Still's murmur
Graham Steell murmur
Third heart sound
Heart click
Cabot–Locke murmur
Grand Rounds