A<unk>  (derived from hemo- blood + thorax chest, plural<unk> es) is an accumulation of blood within the pleural cavity. The symptoms of a<unk>  may include chest pain and difficulty breathing, while the clinical signs may include reduced breath sounds on the affected side and a rapid heart rate.<unk> es are usually caused by an injury, but they may occur spontaneously due to cancer invading the pleural cavity, as a result of a blood clotting disorder, as an unusual manifestation of endometriosis, in response to a collapsed lung, or rarely in association with other conditions.<unk> es are usually diagnosed using a chest X-ray, but they can be identified using other forms of imaging including ultrasound, a CT scan, or an MRI. They can be differentiated from other forms of fluid within the pleural cavity by analysing a sample of the fluid, and are defined as having a hematocrit of greater than 50% that of the person's blood.<unk> es may be treated by draining the blood using a chest tube. Surgery may be required if the bleeding continues. If treated, the prognosis is usually good. Complications of a<unk>  include infection within the pleural cavity and the formation of scar tissue.
Hemothorax
Pneumothorax
Urinothorax
Traumatic cardiac arrest
Chylothorax
Pulmonary hematoma
Hydropneumothorax
Hemopneumothorax