The causes of<unk>  are unclear, although several risk factors have been suggested. The condition often accompanies a history of physical trauma. This observation could explain reports of the condition among athletes, as they are at increased risk for trauma, especially for certain full-contact sports such as hockey, wrestling, and American football. There have also been reports of<unk>  among other athletes, such as swimmers, which could plausibly result from repetitive upper body movements coupled with high physical demands. Reported incidents in which no history of traumatic impact to the chest wall has been described are considered a gradual onset.<unk>  may also result from the presence of a birth defect, such as an unstable bifid rib. Generalized hypermobility has also been suggested to be a possible further risk factor.
Slipping rib syndrome
Twelfth rib syndrome
Iliocostal friction syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Cuboid syndrome
Snapping scapula syndrome
Facet syndrome
Seat belt syndrome