Possible risks arising from the implantation of the<unk>  include: * injury to the urethra or bladder during<unk>  placement; * difficulties emptying the bladder requiring temporary self-catheterization; * persistent stress<unk>  incontinence; * infection of the device leading to removal; * recurrent incontinence from either device failure or atrophy of the urethral tissues (in which case further surgery can remove the old device and replace it with a new one). The overall reported complication rate in males is 37%. The most common postoperative complications are: * mechanical failure (8-21%) * urethral erosion (4-15%) * infection (1-14%) * urethral atrophy (4-10%) Other less frequent complications are hematoma, urethral stenosis,<unk>  fistula. Mechanical failures and non-mechanical complications may lead to surgical revision in 8-45% and 7-17% of cases, respectively. The overall device explantation rates in males is reported to be 16-20%. One of the causes of mechanical failure are the complications related to the balloon reservoir. It has been reported that 26% of men with an implanted<unk>  required reoperation at the 10-year follow-up, in order to regulate the pressure inside the device.
Artificial urinary sphincter
Artificial urinary bladder
Incontinence pad
Urinary diversion
Bladder training
Bladder augmentation
Perineal dilator
Foley catheter