The causes for<unk>  are classified as originating in the portal venous system before it reaches the liver (prehepatic causes), within the liver (intrahepatic) or between the liver and the heart (post-hepatic). The most common cause is cirrhosis (chronic liver failure). Other causes include: Prehepatic causes * Portal vein thrombosis * Splenic vein thrombosis * Arteriovenous fistula (increased portal blood flow) * Splenomegaly and/or hypersplenism (increased portal blood flow) Hepatic causes * Cirrhosis of any cause. * alcohol use disorder * chronic viral hepatitis * biliary atresia * Primary biliary cirrhosis * Primary sclerosing cholangitis * Chronic pancreatitis * Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia * Schistosomiasis * Congenital hepatic fibrosis * Nodular regenerative hyperplasia * Fibrosis of space of Disse * Granulomatous or infiltrative liver diseases (Gaucher disease, mucopolysaccharidosis, sarcoidosis, lymphoproliferative malignancies, amyloidosis, etc) * Toxicity (from arsenic, copper, vinyl chloride monomers, mineral oil, vitamin A, azathioprine, dacarbazine, methotrexate, amiodarone, etc.) * Viral hepatitis * Fatty liver disease * Veno-occlusive disease Posthepatic causes * Inferior vena cava obstruction * Right-sided heart failure, e.g. from constrictive pericarditis * Budd–Chiari syndrome also known as hepatic vein thrombosis
Portal hypertension
Hypertensive heart disease
Orthostatic hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension
Portopulmonary hypertension
Secondary hypertension
Portal vein thrombosis
Nephrotic syndrome