<unk>  (SE) is a single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes or 2 or more seizures within a 5-minute period without the person returning to normal between them. Previous definitions used a 30-minute time limit. The seizures can be of the tonic–clonic type, with a regular pattern of contraction and extension of the arms and legs, or of types that do not involve contractions, such as absence seizures or complex partial seizures.<unk>  is a life-threatening medical emergency, particularly if treatment is delayed.<unk>  may occur in those with a history of epilepsy as well as those with an underlying problem of the brain. These underlying brain problems may include trauma, infections, or strokes, among others. Diagnosis often involves checking the blood sugar, imaging of the head, a number of blood tests, and an electroencephalogram. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures may present similarly to<unk> . Other conditions that may also appear to be<unk>  include low blood sugar, movement disorders, meningitis, and delirium, among others.<unk>  can also appear when tuberculous meningitis becomes very severe. Benzodiazepines are the preferred initial treatment, after which typically phenytoin is given. Possible benzodiazepines include intravenous lorazepam as well as intramuscular injections of midazolam. A number of other medications may be used if these are not effective, such as phenobarbital, propofol, or ketamine. After initial treatment with benzodiazepines, typical antiseizure drugs should be given, including valproic acid (valproate), fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, or a similar substance(s). While empirically-based treatments exist, few head-to-head clinical trials exist, so the best approach remains undetermined. This said, "consensus-based" best practices are offered by the Neurocritical Care Society. Intubation may be required to help maintain the person's airway. Between 10% and 30% of people who have<unk>  die within 30 days. The underlying cause, the person's age, and the length of the seizure are important factors in the outcome.<unk>  occurs in up to 40 per 100,000 people per year. Those with<unk>  make up about 1% of people who visit the emergency department.
Status epilepticus
Delirium
Reflex seizure
Meningitis
Complex partial status epilepticus
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure
Emergence delirium
Intercalated seizure