Iodine-based<unk>  media are usually classified as ionic or nonionic. Both types are used most commonly in radiology due to their relatively harmless interaction with the body and its solubility.<unk>  media are primarily used to visualize vessels and changes in tissues on radiography and CT (computerized tomography).<unk>  media can also be used for tests of the urinary tract, uterus and fallopian tubes. It may cause the patient to feel as if they have had urinary incontinence. It also puts a metallic taste in the mouth of the patient. The iodine may be bound either in an organic (nonionic) compound or an ionic compound. Ionic agents were developed first and are still in widespread use depending on the requirements but may result in additional complications due to the high concentration of ions (hyperosmolality). Organic agents which covalently bind the iodine have fewer side effects as they do not dissociate into component molecules. Many of the side effects are due to the hyperosmolar solution being injected. i.e. they deliver more iodine atoms per molecule. The more iodine, the more "dense" the X-ray effect. Organic iodine molecules used for<unk>  include iohexol, iodixanol, and ioversol. Iodine-based<unk>  media used nowadays are water-soluble. These<unk>  agents are sold as clear, colorless water solutions, with the concentration usually expressed as mg I/ml. Modern<unk>  agents can be used almost anywhere in the body. Most often they are used intravenously, but for various purposes they can also be used intra-arterially, intrathecally (as in diskography of the spine) and intra-abdominally – just about any body cavity or potential space. Heating non-ionic<unk>  agent to human body temperature reduces its viscosity. The amount of iodine administered in children in the United States in 2010 was 272 to 740 mg/kg for CT scan. Iodine<unk>  agents are used for the following:<unk>  CTs *Angiography (arterial investigations) *Venography (venous investigations) *VCUG (voiding cystourethrography) *HSG (hysterosalpingogram) *IVU (intravenous urography) +Commonly used ionic<unk>  agents Name Type Iodine content Osmolality diatrizoate (Hypaque 50/ Gastrografin) Monomer 300 mgI/ml 1550 High metrizoate (Isopaque 370) Monomer 370 mgI/ml 2100 High iothalamate (Conray) 600-2400 High ioxaglate (Hexabrix) Dimer 320 mgI/ml 580 Low +Commonly used nonionic<unk>  agents Name Type Iodine content Osmolality iopamidol (Isovue 370) Monomer 370 mgI/ml 796 Low iohexol (Omnipaque 350) Monomer 350 mgI/ml 884 Low ioxilan (Oxilan 350) Monomer 350 mgI/ml 695 Low iopromide (Ultravist 370) Monomer 370 mgI/ml 774 Low iodixanol (Visipaque 320) Dimer 320 mgI/ml 290 Low iobitridol (Xenetix 300) Monomer 300 mgI/ml 695 Low ioversol
Iodinated contrast
Contrast agent
Radiocontrast agent
Paracentesis
Saline flush
Acetic acid
Acetic acid 
Thickened fluids