There is no known cure for some types of<unk> , with treatment aiming to control symptoms by reducing inflammation and relieving itching. Contact<unk>  is treated by avoiding what is causing it. Lifestyle Bathing once or more a day is recommended, usually for five to ten minutes in warm water. Soaps should be avoided, as they tend to strip the skin of natural oils and lead to excessive dryness. The American Academy of Dermatology suggests using a controlled amount of bleach diluted in a bath to help with atopic<unk> . People can wear clothing designed to manage the itching, scratching and peeling. House dust mite reduction and avoidance measures have been studied in low quality trials and have not shown evidence of improving eczema. Moisturizers Low-quality evidence indicates that moisturizing agents (emollients) may reduce eczema severity and lead to fewer flares. In children, oil–based formulations appear to be better, and water–based formulations are not recommended. It is unclear if moisturizers that contain ceramides are more or less effective than others. Products that contain dyes, perfumes, or peanuts should not be used. Occlusive dressings at night may be useful. Some moisturizers or barrier creams may reduce irritation in occupational irritant hand<unk> , a skin disease that can affect people in jobs that regularly come into contact with water, detergents, chemicals or other irritants. Some emollients may reduce the number of flares in people with<unk> . Medications Corticosteroids If symptoms are well controlled with moisturizers, steroids may only be required when flares occur. Corticosteroids are effective in controlling and suppressing symptoms in most cases. Once daily use is generally enough. For mild-moderate eczema a weak steroid may be used (e.g., hydrocortisone), while in more severe cases a higher-potency steroid (e.g., clobetasol propionate) may be used. In severe cases, oral or injectable corticosteroids may be used. While these usually bring about rapid improvements, they have greater side effects. Long term use of topical steroids may result in skin atrophy, stria, telangiectasia. Their use on delicate skin (face or groin) is therefore typically with caution. They are, however, generally well tolerated. Red burning skin, where the skin turns red upon stopping steroid use, has been reported among adults who use topical steroids at least daily for more than a year. Antihistamines There is little evidence supporting the use of antihistamine medications for the relief of<unk> . Sedative antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, may be useful in those who are unable to sleep due to eczema. Second generation antihistamines have minimal evidence of benefit. Of the second generation antihistamines studied, fexofenadine is the only one to show evidence of improvement in itching with minimal side effects. Immunosuppressants Tacrolimus 0.1% Topical immunosuppressants like pimecrolimus and tacrolimus may be better in the short term and appear equal to steroids after a year of use. Their use is reasonable in those who do not respond to or are not tolerant of steroids. Treatments are typically recommended for short or fixed periods of time rather than indefinitely. Tacrolimus 0.1% has generally proved more effective than pimecrolimus, and equal in effect to mid-potency topical steroids. There is no link to increased risk of cancer from topical use of 1% pimecrolimus cream. When eczema is severe and does not respond to other forms of treatment, systemic immunosuppressants are sometimes used. Immunosuppressants can cause significant side effects and some require regular blood tests. The most commonly used are ciclosporin, azathioprine, and methotrexate. Dupilumab is a new medication that improves eczema lesions, especially moderate to severe eczema. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody, suppresses inflammation by targeting the interleukin-4 receptor. Others In September 2021, ruxolitinib cream (Opzelura) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the topical treatment of mild to moderate atopic<unk> . It is a topical Janus kinase inhibitor. Light therapy Narrowband UVB Atopic<unk>  (AD) may be treated with narrowband UVB, which increases 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in persons in individuals with AD. Light therapy using heliotherapy, balneophototherapy, psoralen plus UVA (PUVA), light has tentative support but the quality of the evidence is not very good compared with narrowband UVB, and UVA1. However, UVB is more effective than UVA1 for treatment of atopical<unk> . Overexposure to ultraviolet light carries its own risks, particularly that of skin cancer. Alternative medicine Topical Limited evidence suggests that acupuncture may reduce itching in those affected by atopic<unk> . Chiropractic spinal manipulation lacks evidence to support its use for<unk> . There is little evidence supporting the use of psychological treatments. While dilute bleach baths have been used for infected<unk>  there is little evidence for this practice. Supplements * Sulfur: There is currently no scientific evidence for the claim that sulfur treatment relieves eczema. * Chinese herbs: It is unclear whether Chinese herbs help or harm. Dietary supplements are commonly used by people with eczema. * Evening primrose oil nor borage seed oil taken orally have been shown to be effective. Both are associated with gastrointestinal upset. * Probiotics are likely to make little to no difference in symptoms.
Dermatitis
Psoriasis
Photokeratitis
Scabies
Keratitis
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Arthralgia
Lichen simplex chronicus