Management of<unk>  has not been well studied. Therapy is difficult, because people with<unk>  usually do not consider their own issues as symptoms, despite mental distress. Additionally, people with<unk> s have decreased life satisfaction and lower qualities of life, even when their narcissism is undiagnosed. People with<unk>  may have other comorbid psychiatric conditions as well, making it more difficult to identify the symptoms. About one percent of people are believed to be affected with<unk>  at some point in their lives. It occurs more often in men than women, and typically affects younger as opposed to older people. The<unk>  personality was first described by the psychoanalyst Robert Waelder in 1925. The term<unk>  <unk>  was coined by Heinz Kohut in 1968.<unk>  is rarely the primary reason for which people seek mental health treatment. When people with<unk>  enter treatment (psychologic or psychiatric), they usually are prompted by difficulties in their lives, or are seeking relief from some other disorder of their mental health, such as a major depressive disorder, a substance use disorder (drug addiction), or bipolar disorder. The reason for such an indirect path to psychotherapeutic treatment is partly because narcissists generally possess poor insight, and are unaware that their actions produced their mentally unhealthy circumstance, and so fail to recognize that their perceptions and behaviors are socially inappropriate and problematic, because of their very positive self-image (inflated self-concept). In general, psychotherapy is the basis for treating<unk> . In the 1960s, Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg challenged the conventional wisdom of the time with clinical strategies that applied psychoanalytic therapy to<unk>  clients, which, they claimed, effectively treated that personality disorder. Contemporary psychotherapy treatments include transference-focused therapy; metacognitive therapy; and schema therapy, to treat the client's particular subtype of<unk> . Improvements to the mental health of patients with<unk>  are possible with psychopharmaceutical treatment of the symptoms of the comorbid disorders; despite such drug therapy, the psychologist Elsa Ronningstam said that "alliance-building and engaging the patient's sense of agency and reflective ability are essential for achieving change in pathological narcissism." Psychiatric medications usually are not indicated for treating<unk> , but can be used to treat the co-occurring symptoms of psychological depression, anxiety, and impulsiveness, when present in the<unk>  client. In the field of relationship counseling mental health therapy is most beneficial when both partners participate in the treatments.
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Cluster B personality disorders
Histrionic personality disorder
Haltlose personality disorder
Bipolar disorder
Substance abuse
Dependent personality disorder