<unk>  (also called<unk> 's disease, Morbus<unk> , Viking disease, palmar fibromatosis and Celtic hand) is a condition in which one or more fingers become permanently bent in a flexed position. It is named after Guillaume<unk> , who first described the underlying mechanism of action, followed by the first successful operation in 1831 and publication of the results in The Lancet in 1834. It usually begins as small, hard nodules just under the skin of the palm, then worsens over time until the fingers can no longer be straightened. While typically not painful, some aching or itching may be present. The ring finger followed by the little and middle fingers are most commonly affected. The condition can interfere with activities such as preparing food and writing. The cause is unknown. Risk factors include family history, alcoholism, smoking, thyroid problems, liver disease, diabetes, previous hand trauma, and epilepsy. The underlying mechanism involves the formation of abnormal connective tissue within the palmar fascia. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms. Initial treatment is typically with steroid injections into the affected area, occupational therapy, and physical therapy. Among those who worsen, clostridial collagenase injections or surgery may be tried. While radiation therapy is used to treat this condition, the evidence for this use is scarce. The Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) Faculty of Clinical Oncology concluded that radiotherapy is effective in early stage disease which has progressed within the last 6 to 12 months. The condition may recur despite treatment. It was once believed that<unk> 's most often occurs in white males over the age of 50 and is rare among Asians and Africans. It sometimes was erroneously called "Viking disease," since it was often recorded among those of Nordic descent. In the United States, about 5% of people are affected at some point in time, while in Norway, about 30% of men over 60 years old have the condition. In the United Kingdom, about 20% of people over 65 have some form of the disease. More recent and wider studies show the highest prevalence in Africa (17 per cent), Asia (15 per cent).
Dupuytren's contracture
Volkmann's contracture
Diabetic sock
Froin's syndrome
Madelung's deformity
Morton's neuroma
Tennis injuries
Heel pad syndrome