There are two commonly used methods of measuring the incidence of<unk> : *<unk>  rate – number of<unk> s annually per 1000 women between 15 and 44 years of age (some sources use a range of 15–49) *<unk>  percentage – number of<unk> s out of 100 known pregnancies (pregnancies include live births,<unk> s and miscarriages) In many places, where<unk>  is illegal or carries a heavy social stigma, medical reporting of<unk>  is not reliable. For this reason, estimates of the incidence of<unk>  must be made without determining certainty related to standard error. The number of<unk> s performed worldwide seems to have remained stable in recent years, with 41.6 million having been performed in 2003 and 43.8 million having been performed in 2008. The<unk>  rate worldwide was 28 per 1000 women per year, though it was 24 per 1000 women per year for developed countries and 29 per 1000 women per year for developing countries. The same 2012 study indicated that in 2008, the estimated<unk>  percentage of known pregnancies was at 21% worldwide, with 26% in developed countries and 20% in developing countries. On average, the incidence of<unk>  is similar in countries with restrictive<unk>  laws and those with more liberal access to<unk> . However, restrictive<unk>  laws are associated with increases in the percentage of<unk> s performed unsafely. The unsafe<unk>  rate in developing countries is partly attributable to lack of access to modern contraceptives; according to the Guttmacher Institute, providing access to contraceptives would result in<unk> out 14.5 million fewer unsafe<unk> s and 38,000 fewer deaths from unsafe<unk>  annually worldwide. The rate of legal, induced<unk>  varies extensively worldwide. According to the report of employees of Guttmacher Institute it ranged from 7 per 1000 women per year (Germany and Switzerland) to 30 per 1000 women per year (Estonia) in countries with complete statistics in 2008. The proportion of pregnancies that ended in induced<unk>  ranged from<unk> out 10% (Israel, the Netherlands and Switzerland) to 30% (Estonia) in the same group, though it might be as high as 36% in Hungary and Romania, whose statistics were deemed incomplete. An American study in 2002 concluded that<unk> out half of women having<unk> s were using a form of contraception at the time of becoming pregnant. Inconsistent use was reported by half of those using condoms and three-quarters of those using the birth control pill; 42% of those using condoms reported failure through slipping or breakage. The Guttmacher Institute estimated that "most<unk> s in the United States are obtained by minority women" because minority women "have much higher rates of unintended pregnancy". In 2022, while people of color comprise 44% of the population in Mississippi, 59% of the population in Texas, 42% of the population in Louisiana, and 35% of the population in Alabama, they comprise 80%, 74%, 72%, and 70% of those receiving<unk> s. The<unk>  rate may also be expressed as the average number of<unk> s a woman has during her reproductive years; this is referred to as total<unk>  rate (TAR). Gestational age and method<unk>  rates also vary depending on the stage of pregnancy and the method practiced. In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that 26% of reported legal induced<unk> s in the United States were known to have been obtained at less than 6 weeks' gestation, 18% at 7 weeks, 15% at 8 weeks, 18% at 9 through 10 weeks, 10% at 11 through 12 weeks, 6% at 13 through 15 weeks, 4% at 16 through 20 weeks and 1% at more than 21 weeks. 91% of these were classified as having been done by "curettage" (suction-aspiration, dilation and curettage, dilation and evacuation), 8% by "medical" means (mifepristone), >1% by "intrauterine instillation" (saline or prostaglandin), and 1% by "other" (including hysterotomy and hysterectomy). According to the CDC, due to data collection difficulties the data must be viewed as tentative and some fetal deaths reported beyond 20 weeks may be natural deaths erroneously classified as<unk> s if the removal of the dead fetus is accomplished by the same procedure as an induced<unk> . The Guttmacher Institute estimated there were 2,200 intact dilation and extraction procedures in the US during 2000; this accounts for
Abortion
Hysterotomy abortion
Instillation abortion
Superfecundation
Postpartum confinement
Hormonal IUDs
Intrauterine device
Natural childbirth