Symptoms in<unk>  are generally those seen in relation to elevated blood calcium levels.<unk>  shares many symptomatic features with that of primary hyperparathyroidism, as the two are defined by hypercalcemia. These symptoms can vary greatly from asymptomatic to conditions leading to decreased quality of life. Thinning of long bones due to<unk>  Non-specific symptoms include feeling tired and thirsty, mood changes including, feeling blue, weak and irritable along with other symptoms like itching, headache, joint pain, forgetfulness and abdominal pain have also been noted. More specific symptoms related to elevated blood calcium and phosphate levels include bone pain or osteodynia and tenderness which are common and related to proximal muscle tenderness. Other signs can include pancreatitis, kidney stones, corneal calcifications, thinning of long bones, and hypodermic calcifications which may be palpable in some patients. Calciphylaxis, though uncommon, can develop in patients with<unk> . The product of elevated calcium and phosphate, forming crystal structures, that are then deposited in blood vessels. These crystals cause an inflammatory response and can lead to the occlusion of smaller vessels. Further complications like secondary infections and necrosis can develop from this and can be fatal for some, making the monitoring of blood calcium and phosphate levels necessary. Conditions due to bone loss such as osteopenia and osteoporosis are common in<unk>  along with pathologic fractures. Pseudoclubbing of the digits can also be indicative of a severe<unk>  due to excess resorption at the distal phalanges. Diagnosis includes both clinical and laboratory investigations. Radiological investigations include looking for signs of bone loss in both the hands and pelvis which is characteristic of<unk> . Other clinical examination can include grading of muscle weakness, which is done by asking the patient to stand from a seated position with their hands folded across their chest. Laboratory investigations include evaluating blood calcium and alkaline phosphatase, which are always increased in<unk> . Other common results from laboratory investigations would include decreased vitamin D levels, elevated blood parathyroid hormone and hyperphosphatemia.
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis
Parathyroid adenoma
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism