Immunofluorescence staining pattern of<unk>  on HEp-20-10 cells (left), Crithidia luciliae (centre) and rat liver (right). Anti-double stranded DNA <unk>  are a group of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) the target antigen of which is double stranded DNA. Blood tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are routinely performed to detect<unk>  in diagnostic laboratories. They are highly diagnostic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Anti-dsDNA antibodies
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
Anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies
Anti-histone antibodies
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antisperm antibodies
Anti-LKM antibody
Anti–citrullinated protein antibody