There are many studies about LID and the frequency varies according to country of origin, diet, pregnancy status age, gender, etc. Depending on these previous conditions, the frequency can change from 11% in male athletes (Poland) to 44.7% in children less than 1 year old (China): Frequency of LID in different countries and populations: * Poland: 14 of LID (11%) in 131 male athletes and 31 of ID (26%) in 121 female athletes * India: 27.5% of LID amongst student nurses * Spain: 14.7% of LID in 211 women of child-bearing age in Barcelona * China: In 3591 pregnant women and 3721 premenopausal from 15 provinces. It was found: LID 42.6% in pregnant women (urban first-trimester 41.9%) (rural 36.1%) while 34.4% of LID in premenopausal non-pregnant women (urban 35.6%)(rural 32.4%). Pediatric samples: In 9118 children from 31 provinces aged 7 months to 7 years, the global incidence of LID in children was 32.5%. Sub-classifying the cases according to age and origin (global/countryside): less than 1 y (7m to 12m) LID 44.7% (35.8% in countryside), 1 – 3 years LID 35.9% (31% in countryside), 4 to 7 years (LID 26.5%) (30.1% in countryside).
Latent iron deficiency
Immunization during pregnancy
Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection
Contaminated haemophilia blood products
Vaccine-induced seropositivity
Vaccine wastage
Clonally transmissible cancer
Criminal transmission of HIV