Due to its<unk> , relatively superficial course, the<unk>  is susceptible to injury, either through direct trauma or stretch. Mechanisms of injury include: * nerve lesions. * various sports injuries, typically occurring from a blow to the ribs underneath an outstretched arm. * surgery for breast cancer, specifically radical mastectomies that involve removal of axillary lymph nodes. * carrying weight, such as heavy bags, over the shoulder for a prolonged time. * Parsonage Turner Syndrome, an autoimmune disease. Symptoms are often minimal – if symptomatic, a posterior shoulder or scapular burning type of pain may be reported. Some injuries, particularly lesions, can paralyse the serratus anterior muscle to produce a winged scapula. This is most prominent when the arm is lifted forward or when the patient pushes the outstretched arm against a wall. However, even winging may not be evident until the trapezius stretches enough to reveal an injury several weeks later.
Long thoracic nerve
Ventral ramus of spinal nerve
Accelerator nerve
Median nerve
Cardiopulmonary nerves
Sensory nerve
Anterior interosseous nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve