In the dental specialty of endodontics,<unk>  is<unk>  to the external root surface. Examples of<unk>  include apicoectomy, root resection, repair of root perforation or resorption defects, removal of broken fragments of the tooth or a filling material, and exploratory<unk>  to look for root fractures. Symptoms may be due to infection in the<unk>  tissue around a root-treated tooth, which can impede healing of the tooth after conventional root canal treatment. After removing the pulp, the aim of endodontic treatment is to seal the pulpal space to prevent further bacterial contamination and allow healing of the<unk>  tissue. Success rates for root-canal treatment range from 47 to 97 percent; failures may be due to spaces in the root-canal filling, a root filling which is too short or a preexisting periapical lesion. Treatment options are nonsurgical root-canal re-treatment or<unk> . Although accessing and cleaning the pulp chamber and canals would be easier with the former, it is contraindicated in some patients. The stages of<unk>  are: #Local anaesthesia #Flap design #Bone removal #Curettage #Apicectomy #Retrograde preparation and filling #Wound closure
Periradicular surgery
Carpal tunnel surgery
BackCare
Shoulder surgery
Microfracture surgery
Auricular splint
Back brace
Foot and ankle surgery