<unk> , also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or<unk>  fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle. The RLN is important for speaking, breathing and swallowing. The primary larynx-related functions of the mainly efferent nerve fiber RLN, include the transmission of nerve signals to the muscles responsible for regulation of the<unk>  folds' position and tension to enable<unk> ization, as well as the transmission of sensory nerve signals from the mucous membrane of the larynx to the brain. A unilateral injury of the nerve typically results in hoarseness caused by a reduced mobility of one of the<unk>  folds. It may also cause minor shortages of breath as well as aspiration problems especially concerning liquids. A bilateral injury causes the<unk>  folds to impair the air flow resulting in breathing problems, stridor and snoring sounds, and fast physical exhaustion. This strongly depends on the median or paramedian position of the paralyzed<unk>  folds. Hoarseness rarely occurs in bilaterally paralyzed<unk>  folds.
Vocal cord paresis
Vocal cord dysfunction
Facial nerve paralysis
Oropharyngeal dysphagia
Laryngotracheal stenosis
Laryngomalacia
Tracheal deviation
Glossoptosis