Congenital<unk> s are frequently associated with other congenital conditions, such as Down syndrome. A<unk>  can also form a few days after a myocardial infarction (heart attack) due to mechanical tearing of the<unk>  wall, before scar tissue forms, when macrophages start remodeling the dead heart tissue. A congenital<unk>  can result from a disturbance in the morphogenesis of the heart in its embryonic stages. In the fifth week of gestation, the heart undergoes multiple processes of<unk> ion and forming a dextral loop. Interfering with the latter leads to insufficient leftward movement of the<unk>  outflow tract over the atrioventricular canal, which in turn can result in a<unk>  or, in the most extreme cases, a double outlet right ventricle with one. A<unk>  arises when the superior part of the interventricular septum, which separates the right and left ventricles of the heart, fails to fully develop. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs to get oxygen, while the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body to provide oxygen to tissues. A<unk>  results in the mixing of oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor blood, increasing strain on the heart and lungs.
Ventricular septal defect
Heart septal defect
Atrioventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Aortopulmonary septal defect
Tricuspid atresia
Double aortic arch
Double inlet left ventricle