<unk>  deaths per million persons in 2012 Disability-adjusted life years lost to<unk>  per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.<unk>  is progressive and can lead to premature death. It is estimated that 3% of all disability is related to<unk> . The proportion of disability from<unk>  globally has decreased from 1990 to 2010 due to improved indoor air quality primarily in Asia. The overall number of years lived with disability from<unk> , however, has increased. There are many variables affecting the long-term outcome in<unk> , and GOLD recommends the use of a composite test (BODE) that includes the main variables of body-mass index, obstruction of airways, dyspnea (breathlessness), and exercise, and not just spirometry results. NICE recommends against the use of BODE for the prognosis assessment in stable<unk> ; factors such as exacerbations and frailty need to be considered. Other factors that contribute to a poor outcome include older age, comorbidities such as lung cancer and cardiovascular<unk> , and the number and severity of exacerbations needing hospital admittance.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tracheobronchomalacia
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Reactive airway disease
Pneumonia
End stage pulmonary disease
Acute bronchitis