Audiograms illustrating normal hearing (left) and unilateral low-pitch hearing loss associated with<unk>  (right) Loudness discomfort levels (LDLs) - data of people with hyperacusis without hearing loss. Upper line: average hearing thresholds. Lower long line: LDLs of this group. Lower short line: LDLs of a reference group with normal hearing. The diagnostic criteria as of 2015 define definite MD and probable MD as: Definite # Two or more spontaneous episodes of vertigo, each lasting 20 minutes to 12 hours # Audiometrically documented low- to medium-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in the affected ear on at least one occasion before, during, or after one of the episodes of vertigo # Fluctuating aural symptoms (hearing, tinnitus, or fullness) in the affected ear # Not better accounted for by another vestibular diagnosis Probable # Two or more episodes of vertigo or dizziness, each lasting 20 minutes to 24 hours # Fluctuating aural symptoms (hearing, tinnitus, or fullness) in the reported ear # Not better accounted for by another vestibular diagnosis A common and important symptom of MD is hypersensitivity to sounds. This hypersensitivity is easily diagnosed by measuring the loudness discomfort levels (LDLs). Symptoms of MD overlap with migraine-associated vertigo (MAV) in many ways, but when hearing loss develops in MAV, it is usually in both ears, and this is rare in MD, and hearing loss generally does not progress in MAV as it does in MD. People who have had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke can present with symptoms similar to MD, and in people at risk magnetic resonance imaging should be conducted to exclude TIA or stroke. Other vestibular conditions that should be excluded include vestibular paroxysmia, recurrent unilateral vestibulopathy, vestibular schwannoma, or a tumor of the endolymphatic sac.
Ménière's disease
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Eagle syndrome
Red ear syndrome
Wellens' syndrome
Musical ear syndrome
Empty sella syndrome
Austrian syndrome