Origin and use Norman Haire reported that in 1921 Dora R of Germany began a surgical transition, under the care of Magnus Hirschfeld, which ended in 1930 with a successful genital reassignment surgery. In 1930, Hirschfeld supervised the second genital reassignment surgery to be reported in detail in a peer-reviewed journal, that of Lili Elbe of Denmark. In 1923, Hirschfeld introduced the (German) term<unk> ismus", after which David Oliver Cauldwell introduced<unk> ism" and<unk> " to English in 1949 and 1950. Cauldwell appears to be the first to use the term to refer to those who desired a change of physiological sex. In 1969, Harry Benjamin claimed to have been the first to use the term<unk> " in a public lecture, which he gave in December 1953. Benjamin went on to popularize the term in his 1966 book, The<unk>  Phenomenon, in which he described<unk>  people on a scale (later called the "Benjamin scale") of three levels of intensity:<unk>  (nonsurgical)",<unk>  (moderate intensity)", and<unk>  (high intensity)". In his book, Benjamin described "true"<unk> ism as the following: Benjamin suggested that moderate intensity male to female<unk>  people may benefit from estrogen medication as a "substitute for or preliminary to operation." Some people have had sex reassignment surgery (SRS) but do not meet the above definition of<unk> . Other people do not desire SRS although they meet the other elements of Benjamin's definition of a "true<unk> ".<unk> ity was included for the first time in the DSM-III in 1980 and again in the DSM-III-R in 1987, where it was located under Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence. Beyond Benjamin's work, which focused on male-to-female (MTF)<unk>  people, there are cases of the female to male<unk> , for whom genital surgery may not be practical. Benjamin gave certifying letters to his MTF<unk>  patients that stated "Their anatomical sex, that is to say, the body, is male. Their psychological sex, that is to say, the mind, is female." After 1967, Benjamin abandoned his early terminology and adopted that of "gender identity." Relationship to transgender The term transgender was coined by John Oliven in 1965. By the 1990s,<unk>  had come to be considered a subset of the umbrella term transgender. The term transgender is now more common, and many transgender people prefer the designation transgender and reject<unk> . Some people who pursue medical assistance (for example, sex reassignment surgery) to change their sexual characteristics to match their gender identity prefer the designation<unk>  and reject transgender. One perspective offered by<unk>  people who reject a transgender label for that of transsexed is that, for people who have gone through sexual reassignment surgery, their anatomical sex has been altered, whilst their gender remains constant. Historically, one reason some people preferred<unk>  to transgender is that the medical community in the 1950s through the 1980s encouraged a distinction between the terms that would only allow the former access to medical treatment. Other self-identified<unk>  people state that those who do not seek sex reassignment surgery (SRS) are fundamentally different from those who do, and that the two have different concerns, but this view is controversial, and others argue that merely having some medical procedures does not have such far-reaching consequences as to put those who have them and those who have not (e.g. because they cannot afford them) into such distinctive categories. Some have objected to the term<unk>  on the basis that it describes a condition related to gender identity rather than sexuality. For example, Christine Jorgensen, the first person widely known to have sex reassignment surgery (in this case, male-to-female), rejected<unk>  and instead identified herself in newsprint as trans-gender, on this basis. Terminological variance The word<unk>  is most often used as an adjective rather than a noun – a<unk>  person" rather than simply "a<unk> ". , use of the noun form (e.g. referring to people as<unk> s) is often deprecated by those in the<unk>  community. Like other trans people,<unk>  people prefer to be referred to by the gender pronouns and terms associated with their gender identity. For example, a trans man is a person who was assigned the female sex at birth on the basis of his genitals, but despite that assignment, identifies as a man and is transitioning or has transitioned to a male gender role; in the case of a<unk>  man, he furthermore has or will have a masculine body.<unk>  people are sometimes referred to with directional terms, such as "female-to-male" for a<unk>  man, abbreviated to "F2M", "FTM", and "F to M", or "male-to-female" for a<unk>  woman, abbreviated "M2F", "MTF" and "M to F". Individuals who have undergone and completed sex reassignment surgery are sometimes referred to as transsexed individuals; however, the term transsexed is not to be confused with the term<unk> , which can also refer to individuals who have not yet undergone SRS, and whose anatomical sex (still) does not match their psychological sense of personal gender identity. The terms gender dysphoria and gender identity disorder were not used until the 1970s, when Laub and Fisk published several works on<unk> ism using these terms.<unk> ism" was replaced in the DSM-IV by "gender identity disorder in adolescents and adults". Male-to-female<unk> ism has sometimes been called "Harry Benjamin's syndrome" after the endocrinologist who pioneered the study of dysphoria. As the present-day medical study of gender variance is much broader than Benjamin's early description, there is greater understanding of its aspects, and use of the term Harry Benjamin's syndrome has been criticized for delegitimizing gender-variant people with different experiences. Sexual orientation Since the middle of the 20th century, homosexual<unk>  and related terms were used to label individuals' sexual orientation based on their birth sex. Many sources criticize this choice of wording as confusing, "heterosexist", "archaic", and demeaning because it labels people by sex assigned at birth instead of their gender identity. Sexologist John Bancroft also recently expressed regret for having used this terminology, which was standard when he used it, to refer to<unk>  women. He says that he now tries to choose his words more sensitively. Sexologist Charles Allen Moser is likewise critical of the terminology. Sociomedical scientist Rebecca Jordan-Young challenges researchers like Simon LeVay, J. Michael Bailey, and Martin Lalumiere, who she says "have completely failed to appreciate the implications of alternative ways of framing sexual orientation." The terms androphilia and gynephilia to describe a person's sexual orientation without reference to their gender identity were proposed and popularized by psychologist Ron Langevin in the 1980s. The similar specifiers attracted to men, attracted to women, attracted to both or attracted to neither were used in the DSM-IV. Many<unk>  people choose the language of how they refer to their sexual orientation based on their gender identity, not their birth assigned sex. Surgical status Several terms are in common use, especially within the community itself relating to the surgical or operative status of someone who is<unk> , depending on whether they have already had sex reassignment surgery (SRS), have not had SRS but still intend to, or do not intend to have SRS. They are, post-op, pre-op, and non-op, respectively. Pre-operative A pre-operative<unk>  person, or simply pre-op for short, is someone who intends to have SRS at some point, but has not yet had it. Post-operative A post-operative<unk>  person, or post-op for short, is someone who has had SRS. Non-operative A non-operative<unk>  person, or non-op, is someone who has not had SRS, and does not intend to have it in the future. There can be various reasons for this, from personal to financial.
Transsexual
Pre-medical
Incisive
Xenobiotic
Juvenation
Pagetoid
Women on Waves
Types of rape