Only some<unk> s such as influenza are contagious and commonly believed infectious. The microorganisms that cause these<unk> s are known as pathogens and include varieties of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Infectious<unk> s can be transmitted, e.g. by hand-to-mouth contact with infectious material on surfaces, by bites of insects or other carriers of the<unk> , and from contaminated water or food (often via fecal contamination), etc. Also, there are sexually transmitted<unk> s. In some cases, microorganisms that are not readily spread from person to person play a role, while other<unk> s can be prevented or ameliorated with appropriate nutrition or other lifestyle changes. Some<unk> s, such as most (but not all) forms of cancer, heart<unk> , and mental<unk> orders, are non-infectious<unk> s. Many non-infectious<unk> s have a partly or completely genetic basis (see genetic<unk> order) and may thus be transmitted from one generation to another. Social determinants of health are the social conditions in which people live that determine their health. Illnesses are generally related to social, economic, political, and environmental circumstances. Social determinants of health have been recognized by several health organizations such as the Public Health Agency of Canada and the World Health Organization to greatly influence collective and personal well-being. The World Health Organization's Social Determinants Council also recognizes Social determinants of health in poverty. When the cause of a<unk>  is poorly understood, societies tend to mythologize the<unk>  or use it as a metaphor or symbol of whatever that culture considers evil. For example, until the bacterial cause of tuberculosis was<unk> covered in 1882, experts variously ascribed the<unk>  to heredity, a sedentary lifestyle, depressed mood, and overindulgence in sex, rich food, or alcohol, all of which were social ills at the time. When a<unk>  is caused by a pathogenic organism (e.g., when malaria is caused by Plasmodium), one should not confuse the pathogen (the cause of the<unk>  with<unk>  itself. For example, West Nile virus (the pathogen) causes West Nile fever (the<unk> . The misuse of basic definitions in epidemiology is frequent in scientific publications. Types of causes Regular physical activity, such as riding a bicycle or walking, reduces the risk of lifestyle<unk> s. ;Airborne: An airborne<unk>  is any<unk>  that is caused by pathogens and transmitted through the air. ;Foodborne: Foodborne illness or food poisoning is any illness resulting from the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites. ;Infectious: Infectious<unk> s, also known as transmissible<unk> s or communicable<unk> s, comprise clinically evident illness (i.e., characteristic medical signs or symptoms of<unk>  resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents in an individual host organism. Included in this category are contagious<unk> s – an infection, such as influenza or the common cold, that commonly spreads from one person to another – and communicable<unk> s – a<unk>  that can spread from one person to another, but does not necessarily spread through everyday contact. ; Lifestyle: A lifestyle<unk>  is any<unk>  that appears to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer, especially if the risk factors include behavioral choices like a sedentary lifestyle or a diet high in unhealthful foods such as refined carbohydrates, trans fats, or alcoholic beverages. ; Non-communicable: A non-communicable<unk>  is a medical condition or<unk>  that is non-transmissible. Non-communicable<unk> s cannot be spread directly from one person to another. Heart<unk>  and cancer are examples of non-communicable<unk> s in humans.
Disease
Precancerous condition
Cancer
Psychopathology
Drug
Drug 
Cancer cluster
Suboptimal health