Most bleeding from instrumentation are minor and would settle spontaneously. When indicated, management is directed towards stopping bleeding and relieving obstruction if present, which is achieved either by surgical ligation of hepatic artery or by endovascular embolisation. Endovasculartrans-arterial embolisation (TAE) is preferred initially because of high success rate and less complication. TAE involves the selective catheterization of a hepatic artery followed by embolic occlusion. Surgery is indicated when TAE has failed or sepsis present in biliary tree or drainage has failed.
Haemobilia
Pneumobilia
Ascites
Bilirubinuria
Gallbladder flush
Crystalluria
Pyuria
Bacteriuria