Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years<unk>  by tuberculosis per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004. Progression from TB infection to overt TB disease occurs when the bacilli overcome the immune system defenses and begin to multiply. In primary TB disease (some 1–5% of<unk> , this occurs soon after the initial infection. However, in the majority of<unk> , a latent infection occurs with no obvious symptoms. These dormant bacilli produce active tuberculosis in 5–10% of these latent<unk> , often many years after infection. The risk of reactivation increases with immunosuppression, such as that<unk>  by infection with HIV. In people coinfected with M. tuberculosis and HIV, the risk of reactivation increases to 10% per year. Studies using DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis strains have shown reinfection contributes more substantially to recurrent TB than previously thought, with estimates that it might account for more than 50% of reactivated<unk>  in areas where TB is common. The chance of death from a case of tuberculosis is about 4% , down from 8% in 1995. In people with smear-positive pulmonary TB (without HIV co-infection), after 5 years without treatment, 50-60% die while 20-25% achieve spontaneous resolution (cure). TB is almost always fatal in those with untreated HIV co-infection and death rates are increased even with antiretroviral treatment of HIV.
causes of Hypercalcaemia
causes of Hyperphosphatemia
complications of Hypercalcaemia
causes of Chronic kidney disease
medical cause of Hypercalcaemia
causes of Hyperthermia
causes of Peritonitis
causes of Rib fracture