Treatment largely follows patterns that have been set for the management of postmenopausal breast cancer. The initial treatment is surgical and consists of a modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection or lumpectomy and radiation therapy with similar treatment results as in females. Also, mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy is a treatment option. In<unk> s with node-negative tumors, adjuvant therapy is applied under the same considerations as in females with node-negative breast cancer. Similarly, with node-positive tumors,<unk> s increase survival using the same adjuvants as affected females, namely both chemotherapy plus tamoxifen and other hormonal therapy. There are no controlled studies in<unk> s comparing adjuvant options. In the vast majority of<unk> s with breast cancer hormone receptor studies are positive, and those situations are typically treated with hormonal therapy. Locally recurrent disease is treated with surgical excision or radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy. Distant metastases are treated with hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both. Bones can be affected either by metastasis or weakened from hormonal therapy; bisphosphonates and calcitonin may be used to counterbalance this process and strengthen bones. Chemotherapeutic and hormonal options Chemotherapeutic options include: * Cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate plus fluorouracil (CMF). * Cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin plus fluorouracil (CAF). * Trastuzumab (monoclonal antibody therapy). Hormonal options include: * Orchiectomy. * Gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone agonist (GNRH agonist) with or without total androgen blockage (anti-androgen). * Tamoxifen for estrogen receptor–positive patients. * Progesterone. * Aromatase inhibitors.
Male breast cancer
Breast cancer
Pre-cancer of the breast
Mule spinners' cancer
Prostate cancer
Cancer survivor
Ovarian cancer
Cervical cancer