It can be difficult to distinguish FCI from NFCI and to assess the degree of<unk>  during initial examination, as both types of local<unk><unk>  can occur on the same limb, and deep tissue damage may take weeks to manifest. Frostbite can be ruled out if there was no exposure to temperatures several degrees below<unk> . NFCI can occur in situations where decompression sickness is possible in underwater diving in<unk>  water, and in situations where hand-arm vibration syndrome is possible in outdoor work with machinery such as chainsaws and jackhammers in<unk>  climates, which can complicate differential diagnosis. In underwater diving diagnosis is complicated by a significant overlap of symptoms between decompression sickness and NFCI. The symptoms of decompression sickness with a peripheral neuropathy (such as pain and numbness) may be similar to NFCI. Both conditions are caused by environmental exposure, and there are no high sensitivity and specifity diagnostic tests for either condition. Diagnosis may rely on dive history, particularly water temperature, though the quality of insulation and fit of the suit will have an influence on perfusion and heat loss. Definitive treatment for DCS is hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which is expensive, but unlikely to aggravate NFCI, and first aid provision of 100% oxygen for suspected DCS is relatively inexpensive, often available and will do no harm, whereas over-warming of a case of DCS may cause bubble growth and aggravate the condition.
Non-freezing cold injury
Uremic frost
NSAID hypersensitivity reactions
Simulator sickness
Foreign body reaction
Aerotoxic syndrome
Bullous drug reaction
High pressure injection injury