The clinical presentation is often dominated by the underlying cause. The various symptoms of<unk>  result from the various disturbances of<unk>  function that are associated with the disease. Accumulation of urea and other nitrogen-containing substances in the bloodstream lead to a number of symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Marked increases in the potassium level can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, which can be severe and life-threatening. Fluid balance is frequently affected, though blood pressure can be high, low, or normal. Pain in the flanks may be encountered in some conditions (such as clotting of the<unk> s' blood vessels or inflammation of the<unk> . This is the result of stretching of the fibrous tissue capsule surrounding the<unk> . If the<unk><unk>  is the result of dehydration, there may be thirst as well as evidence of fluid depletion on physical examination. Physical examination may also provide other clues as to the underlying cause of the<unk>  problem, such as a rash in interstitial nephritis (or vasculitis) and a palpable bladder in obstructive nephropathy.
Acute kidney injury
Acute liver failure
Kidney ischemia
Renal ischemia
Papillorenal syndrome
Nephritic syndrome
Monofixation syndrome
Conorenal syndrome