Observable signs and symptoms of the disease differ depending on whether the observation in done in utero or after parturition. Only the signs and symptoms of the embryo are described, due to the lack of research in maternal symptoms. In utero 277x277px The classic in-utero symptoms of<unk>  are an absence of the<unk> leading to congenital high airway obstruction syndrome, lung distention, polyhydramnios, heart malformations, heart displacement and hydrops fetalis. Other congenital malformations such as genitourinary, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal anomalies are common and occur in 80% of the reported cases.<unk>  may lead to a distention of the foetus’ lung due to a build-up of pulmonary fluid within them. In this case, ultrasound scans show bilaterally enlarged and homogeneously echogenic lungs as well as the inversion of both hemidiaphragms. Although lung distention has been described as a classic symptom, hypoplasia or complete aplasia of the lungs can also occur, in an estimated 26% of cases. In some cases, normal lung development was also reported in neonates with<unk> . The abnormal development of the foetus’ lungs leads to cardiovascular abnormalities. Distention of the lungs results in a compressed and displaced heart, hindering the normal growth and development of the organ. Depending on the severity of the compression of the heart, normal venous return to the organ would correspondingly be hindered, resulting in a condition known as hydrops fetalis (also known as fetalis ascites), in which oedema form in the developing foetus. Hydrops fetalis can be observed in utero via ultrasound scan. Polyhydramnios occurs in embryos presenting with a tracheoesophageal fistula as the liquid produced by the lungs supposedly pass to the stomach, in the amniotic fluid. At birth More than half of the recorded cases of<unk>  have led to premature deliveries and in almost all reported cases, infants die shortly after birth due to lack of oxygenation. Neonates with<unk>  present with symptoms characteristic to congenital high airway obstruction syndrome with no audible cry after birth, respiratory insufficiency, respiratory distress and cyanosis. No<unk> is palpable below the cricoid cartilage.
Tracheal agenesis
Persistent thyroglossal duct
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Pulmonary agenesis
Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia
Laryngotracheal stenosis
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Pulmonary atresia