Diagram showing the components of a VIE system. A photo showing a VIE system. A<unk>  (VIE) is a form of pressure vessel that allows the bulk storage of cryogenic liquids including oxygen, nitrogen and argon for industrial processes and medical applications. The purpose of the<unk>  insulation is to prevent heat transfer between the inner shell, which holds the liquid, and surrounding atmosphere. Without functioning insulation, the stored liquid will rapidly warm and undergo a phase transition to gas, increasing significantly in volume and potentially causing a catastrophic failure to the vessel due to an increase in pressure. To combat such an event, VIEs are installed with a pressure safety valve. To remain a liquid, the vessel contents must be kept at or below its critical temperature. The critical temperature of oxygen is −118 °C; above this temperature, applying more pressure will not result in a liquid, but rather a supercritical fluid.
Vacuum insulated evaporator
Ventilated cigarette
Heat and moisture exchanger
Single use medical device reprocessing
Herbal cigarette
Aid station
Construction of electronic cigarettes
Graduated electronic decelerator