A variety of conditions can lead to<unk> : menopause is the most common. Primary ovarian insufficiency (premature menopause) due to varying causes, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a spontaneous manifestation, can also lead to low estrogen and infertility. Hypogonadism (a condition where the gonads – testes for men and ovaries for women – have diminished activity) can decrease estrogen. In primary hypogonadism, elevated serum gonadotropins are detected on at least two occasions several weeks apart, indicating gonadal failure. In secondary hypogonadism (where the cause is hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction) serum levels of gonadotropins may be low. Other causes include certain medications, gonadotropin insensitivity, inborn errors of steroid metabolism (for example, aromatase deficiency, 17α-hydroxylase deficiency, 17,20-lyase deficiency, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein deficiency) and functional amenorrhea. Risks Low endogenous estrogen levels can elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease in women who reach early menopause. Estrogen is needed to relax arteries using endothelial-derived nitric oxide resulting in better heart health by decreasing adverse atherogenic effects. Women with POI may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to low estrogen production.
Hypoestrogenism
Hyperestrogenism
Antiestrogen withdrawal response
Corticosteroid-induced lipodystrophy
Hyperandrogenism
Androgen deficiency
Thyroid hormone resistance
Progestin-induced virilization