Hydrogen is a chemical element with an atomic number of 1. It has just one proton and one electron. Deuterium is the heavier naturally occurring, non-radioactive, stable isotope of hydrogen. Deuterium contains one proton, one electron, and a neutron, effectively doubling the mass of the deuterium isotope without changing its properties significantly. Substituting deuterium for hydrogen yields deuterated compounds that are similar in size and shape to hydrogen-based compounds. One of the most pernicious and irreparable types of oxidative damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon biomolecules involves the carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage (hydrogen abstraction). In theory, replacing hydrogen with deuterium "reinforces" the bond due to the kinetic isotope effect, and such<unk>  biomolecules taken up by the body will be more resistant to ROS. The deuterium-reinforced<unk>  resists the non-enzymatic<unk> peroxidation (LPO) through isotope effect — a non-antioxidant based mechanism that protects mitochondrial, neuronal and other<unk> membranes, thereby greatly reducing the levels of numerous LPO-derived toxic products such as reactive carbonyls.
Reinforced lipids
Lipid emulsion
Smelling salts
Nanocarriers
Saturated fat
Hematinic
Immunogen
Glycoside