Research in pathophysiology Saccadic eye movements and anti-saccadic eye movements are carried out by similar regions of the brain: the frontal eye field (FEF), the supplementary motor area (SMA), the thalamus and putamen.<unk> s require an intention to will the movement and inhibit a reflexive response. It was therefore thought that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex played a greater role in anti-saccadic movements. This theory was disproved by O’Driscoll et al. in a study that used positron emission tomography to analyze brain activity during anti-saccadic movement. The study showed that the DLPFC was equally activated in both saccadic and anti-saccadic movements.<unk> s required increased activation of the FEF, SMA and putamen. Currently, the AS<unk>  is utilized as a gross assessment of frontal lobe function in neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The<unk>  has a high sensitivity, however its specificity is low. Of note, children and adults over the age of 70 will physiologically have an increased rate of error on the<unk> . Psychological research Modified versions of the<unk> , often termed as emotional<unk> , have been used in psychological and psychophysiological research to investigate the interaction between visual attention and the processing of emotions. Emotion drives attention: people are usually biased to direct eye movements towards emotional rather than neutral and dull stimuli. The emotional version of the<unk>  uses emotional stimuli (photographs or conditioned stimuli) as visual targets, requiring participants to look in the opposite direction. Performance in the<unk>  is a measure for attentional biases in healthy participants and various disorders such as mood disorders, addiction and social anxiety.
Antisaccade task
Eyeblink conditioning
Concussion grading systems
Evoked field
Single-unit recording
Evoked potential
Tine test
Thomas test