<unk>  is diagnosis primarily by physical examinations for heart sounds, electrocardiograms, chest radiogram, transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography, color flow mapping, and Doppler imaging. Use of the various test can help to differentiate other possible conditions such as mitral regurgitation, Ebstein disease, ventricular septal defect (VSD). Physical examinations A physical examination will be done to check for abnormal heart sounds, condition of heart, blood pressure, lungs, palpitations, edema, weight gain, ascites, or any other abnormal symptoms. Blood may also be drawn to help determine the cause of fatigue, determination of ascites, other health problems that maybe closely related to cause the symptoms such as kidney, liver, immune (signs of rheumatic fever), abnormal glucose levels. Electrocardiograms Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used for determination of the location, size, direction of blood flow through the atrial hole, hemodynamic of the right ventricle (blood circulation), tricuspid valve, and functioning of left ventricle. The ECG can also be used to determine the rhythm of the heart to determine if there is an indication of sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation. In the ECG, the p wave morphology will be study for any abnormalities. If during the ECG, the P-wave (atrial depolarization) is tall, broad, or split waves in lead II and accompanied with a deep negative force in V1, this would be considered to be abnormal; only one wave should be associated with the P-wave. Additionally, in an ECG the QRS morphology and axis will be examined for any abnormalities. If the ECG shows a right axis deviation which is abnormal or a right bundle-branch block (this would mean there was no signal going through the atrium to instruct the ventricle to contract or squeeze blood out of the ventricle). Chest radiogram A chest radiogram can be given to a patient to determine: * Pulmonary plethora: the test will help to determine if there is a left-to-right shunt meaning the blood is flowing from the left atrium to the right through a hole between the two atria. * Mild left atrial enlargement: the test will help to determine if the left atrium is enlarged due to alternate blood flows * Right ventricular enlargement: the test will help to determine if the ventricle is enlarged due to a surge of blood above normal or if the ventricle is having to work harder than normal to pump blood out of the ventricle. * Pulmonary artery enlargement: the test will help to determine if there is a large volume of blood in the pulmonary veins and arteries than normal * Mitral Valve calcification late in life: the test will help to determine if the mitral valve or flaps are becoming hardened and losing their floppiness. * pulmonary vascular congestion, marked left atrial enlargement: the test will help to determine if there is a sign of MS and small ASD and how severe both are. Transthoracic or Transesophageal echocardiography Transthoracic or Transesophageal echocardiography two dimensional images that can be made of the heart. They can be used to determine the stages of<unk> . They are used to determine: * Large left atrium: the test can help to determine if the left atrium is enlarged to a large blood flow then unusually * Large right atrium and ventricle: the test will help to determine if the right atrium and ventricle are enlarged due to a greater blood flow * ASD: the test will help to determine if there is a hole between the two atria and if blood is flowing through both * Stenotic mital valve: the test will help to determine if the blood flow through the mitral valve is normal or if the mitral valve is stiff, has a reduced opening, and constricting blood flow through it. Color flow mapping and Doppler imaging A color flow and doppler imaging is used to help confirm the presence as well as evaluate the severity of ASD and MS. Chest X-ray A chest x-ray will be given to determine the size of the heart and the blood vessels supplying blood to the lungs. Cardiac catheterization Cardiac catheterization is done to confirm a diagnosis; it is not routinely done prior. It can also be used to evaluate the severity of ASD and measure the mitral valve area. To determine the presence ASD, a catheter is passed through the suspected hole between the atrium into the left atrium.
Lutembacher's syndrome
Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome
Pelger–Huët anomaly
Keppen–Lubinsky syndrome
Binder's syndrome
Klüver–Bucy syndrome
Wildervanck syndrome
Fechtner syndrome