<unk>  structure as identified with X-ray crystallography. Image available through RCSB PDB. The<unk>  protein is found in immune cells termed myeloid cells, a category which include cells such as macrophages, granulocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells. In the brain, the receptor is only found in the microglial cells, which are analogous to the immune cells found peripherally. Monocyte/macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses can be stimulated through G protein-linked 7-transmembrane receptors (e.g., FPR1), Fc receptors, CD14 and Toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR4), and cytokine receptors (e.g., IFNGR1). Engagement of these receptors can also prime myeloid cells to respond to other stimuli. Myeloid cells express receptors belonging to the Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, such as<unk> , or to the C-type lectin superfamily. In this myeloid immune response, upon stimulation by anionic molecules such as glycoproteins, DNA, bacterial fragments, or lipids,<unk>  engages DAP12, which is a homodimer, causing the two tyrosines on its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) to become phosphorylated by Src tyrosine kinases. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) interacts with these phosphorylation sites and activates the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) cascade, in addition to other secondary signaling molecules including mTOR, MAPK, and ERK. When<unk>  is associated with the DAP10 protein, the primary pathway activated is PI3K. The PI3K pathway supports cellular functions through the expression of transcription factors AP1, NF-κB, and NFAT. Another main activity of this PI3K pathway is to increase intracellular calcium content, and activates calcium dependent kinases. Anti-inflammatory gene transcription, including GAL1, GAL3, IL1RN, and progranulin are affected by<unk>  activation, another pathway through which this receptor modulates the immune response. In a healthy condition, the main function of<unk>  is to act in support of bones, microglia, and hair follicles. One of the homeostatic mechanisms through which<unk>  acts is to support synaptic pruning, a major function of microglia. In disease states, conflicting reports on the effect of<unk>  activation make it an interesting receptor to study. While it has been reported that activating<unk>  results in both the activation of anti-inflammatory signaling, and increased phagocytosis, some evidence suggests that<unk>  can promote pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Other evidence shows that<unk>  activity is able to ameliorate the pro-inflammatory cytokine response through modulation of TLR activation. If<unk>  is cleaved and<unk>  produced, the stereotypical<unk>  signaling cascade will not occur, even if the Ig like domain is bound by a ligand.<unk>  is still found to have some functionality, and when an insult occurs, it may help myeloid cells avoid apoptosis. This truncated version of the receptor may also increase pro-inflammatory phenotypes.<unk>  has been indicated in activating downstream pathways such as PI3K and ERK through an unidentified receptor.
TREM2
LPAR6
CSAB
INAH 3
COCIR
PIM2
BICD2
AP-7 