Two-thirds of<unk>  occurs within three weeks of a tracheotomy. A<unk>  should be on the top of the differential diagnosis in patients with a tracheostomy followed by bleeding. Most effective diagnostic tool is a rigid bronchoscopy, although this may be unnecessary as a massive arterial hemorrhage from the tracheostomy likely indicates the formation of an<unk> . However, a rigid brochoscopy can clear the tracheobronchial tree of aspirated blood and may be used to terminate blood flow. Only 35% of<unk>  patients exhibit the pathognomonic warning signs which include sentinel bleeding, a small bleed from the tracheostomy in the preceding the<unk> , and pulsations of the tracheostomy tube that coincides with the heartbeat.
Tracheoinnominate fistula
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Laryngotracheal stenosis
Tracheal deviation
Subglottic stenosis
Tracheal tumor
Aortoesophageal fistula
Bronchopleural fistula