Interpersonal difficulties It is argued that interpersonal difficulties such as introversion, social problems, and poor face-to-face communication skills often lead to<unk>  addiction.<unk> -based relationships offer a safe alternative for people with aforementioned difficulties to escape from the potential rejections and anxieties of interpersonal real-life contact. Social support Individuals who lack sufficient social connection and social support are found to run a higher risk of<unk>  addiction. They resort to virtual relationships and support to alleviate their loneliness. As a matter of fact, the most prevalent applications among<unk>  addicts are chat rooms, interactive games, instant messaging, or social media. Some empirical studies reveal that conflict between parents and children and not living with mother significantly associated with IA after one year. Protective factors such as quality communication between parents and children and positive youth development are demonstrated, in turn, to reduce the risk of IA. Psychological factors Prior addictive or psychiatric history are found to influence the likelihood of being addicted to the<unk> . Some individuals with prior psychiatric problems such as depression and anxiety turn to compulsive behaviors to avoid the unpleasant emotions and situation of their psychiatric problems and regard being addicted to the<unk>  a safer alternative to substance addictive tendency. But it is generally unclear from existing research which is the cause and which is the effect partially due to the fact that comorbidity is common among<unk>  addicts. The most common co-morbidities that have been linked to<unk>  are major depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The rate of ADHD and<unk>  associating is as high as 51.6%.<unk>  addicts with no previous significant addictive or psychiatric history are argued to develop an addiction to some of the features of<unk>  use: anonymity, easy accessibility, and its interactive nature. Neurobiological factors Like most other psychopathological conditions,<unk>  addiction belongs to the group of multifactorial polygenic disorders. For each specific case, there is a unique combination of inherited characteristics (nervous tissue structure, secretion, degradation, and reception of neuromediators), and many are extra-environment factors (family-related, social, and ethnic-cultural). One of the main challenges in the development of the bio-psychosocial model of<unk>  addiction is to determine which genes and neuromediators are responsible for increased addiction susceptibility. Other factors Parental educational level, age at first use of the<unk> , and the frequency of using social networking sites and gaming sites are found to be positively associated with excessive<unk>  use among adolescents in some European countries, as well as in the USA.
Internet addiction disorder
Cannabis use disorder
Benzodiazepine use disorder
Pornography addiction
Benzodiazepine dependence
Polysubstance dependence
Amphetamine dependence
Stimulant use disorder