Counselling and certain medication, such as lisdexamfetamine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs), may help. Some recommend a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of the<unk> . Counselling Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment has been demonstrated as a more effective form of treatment for<unk>  than behavioral weight loss programs. 50 percent of<unk>  individuals achieve complete remission from<unk>  eating and 68-90% will reduce the amount of<unk>  eating episodes they have. CBT has also been shown to be an effective method to address self-image issues and psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., depression) associated with the<unk> . The goal of CBT is to interrupt<unk> -eating behaviour, learn to create a normal eating schedule, change the perception around weight and shape and develop positive attitudes about one's body. Although this treatment is successful in eliminating<unk>  eating episodes, it does not lead to losing any weight. Recent reviews have concluded that psychological interventions such as psychotherapy and behavioral interventions are more effective than pharmacological interventions for the treatment of<unk> . A meta-analysis concluded that psychotherapy based on CBT not only significantly improved<unk> -eating symptomatology but also reduced a client's BMI significantly at posttreatment and longer than 6 and 12 months after treatment. There is the 12-step Overeaters Anonymous or Food Addicts in Recovery Anonymous. Behavioral weight loss treatment has been proven to be effective as a means to achieve weight loss amongst patients. Medication Lisdexamfetamine is a USFDA-approved drug that is used for the treatment of moderate to severe<unk>  in adults. As of 2021, it is the first and only medication formally approved for the treatment of<unk> . It is thought that lisdexamfetamine treats<unk>  through a combination of effects on appetite and satiety, reward, and cognitive processes, including attention, impulsivity, and behavioral inhibition. Three other classes of medications are also used in the treatment of<unk> : antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and anti-obesity medications. Antidepressant medications of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) have been found to effectively reduce episodes of<unk>  eating and reduce weight. Similarly, anticonvulsant medications such as topiramate and zonisamide may be able to effectively suppress appetite. The long-term effectiveness of medication for<unk>  is currently unknown. For<unk>  patients with manic episodes, risperidone is recommended. If<unk>  patients have bipolar depression, lamotrigine is appropriate to use. Trials of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and anti-obesity medications suggest that these medications are superior to placebo in reducing<unk>  eating. Medications are not considered the treatment of choice because psychotherapeutic approaches, such as CBT, are more effective than medications for<unk> . A meta-analysis concluded that using medications did not reduce<unk> -eating episodes and BMI posttreatment at 6–12 months. This indicates a potential possibility of relapse after withdrawal from the medications. Medications also do not increase the effectiveness of psychotherapy, though some patients may benefit from anticonvulsant and anti-obesity medications, such as phentermine/topiramate, for weight loss. Blocking opioid receptors leads to less food intake. Additionally, bupropion and naltrexone used together may cause weight loss. Combining these alongside psychotherapies like CBT may lead to better outcomes for<unk> . Surgery Bariatric surgery has also been proposed as another approach to treat<unk>  and a recent meta-analysis showed that approximately two-thirds of individuals who seek this type of surgery for weight loss purposes have<unk> . Bariatric surgery recipients who had<unk>  prior to receiving the surgery tend to have poorer weight-loss outcomes and are more likely to continue to exhibit eating behaviors characteristic of<unk> . Lifestyle Interventions Other treatments for<unk>  include lifestyle interventions like weight training, peer support groups, and investigation of hormonal abnormalities.
Binge eating disorder
Bulimia nervosa
Night eating syndrome
Metabolically healthy obesity
Anorexia nervosa
Orthorexia nervosa
Diabulimia
Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder