Pharmacodynamics<unk>  has a triple mode of action: # Anti-histamine effect, # Mast-cell stabilizing effect and # Anti-inflammatory effect. Pharmacokinetics The systemic bioavailability of<unk>  is approximately 40% when administered intranasally. Maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) are observed within 2–3 hours. The elimination half life, steady-state volume of distribution and plasma clearance are 22 h, 14.5 L/kg and 0.5 L/h/kg respectively (based on intravenous and oral administration data). Approximately 75% of an oral dose is excreted in feces. Pharmacokinetics of orally administered<unk>  are not affected by age, gender or hepatic impairment. Metabolism<unk>  is oxidatively metabolized by the cytochrome P450 family into its active metabolite, desmethylazelastine, and two inactive carboxylic acid metabolites.
Azelastine
Seratrodast
Pemirolast
Ebastine
Clemastine
Montelukast
Lifitegrast
Roxadustat