Lifestyle The best treatment is avoidance of conditions predisposing to attacks, when possible. In athletes who wish to continue their sport or do so in adverse conditions, preventive measures include altered training techniques and medications. Some take advantage of the refractory period by precipitating an attack by "warming up," and then timing competition such that it occurs during the refractory period. Step-wise training works in a similar fashion. Warm up occurs in stages of increasing intensity, using the refractory period generated by each stage to reach a full workload. Medication There is no evidence supporting different treatment for<unk>  in asthmatic athletes and nonathletes. The most common medication used is a beta agonist taken about 20 minutes before<unk> . Some physicians prescribe inhaled anti-inflammatory mists such as corticosteroids or leukotriene antagonists, and mast cell stabilizers have also proven effective. In May 2013, the American Thoracic Society issued the first treatment guidelines for<unk> , recommending use of "a short-acting β2-agonist before<unk>  in all patients with<unk> . For patients who continue to have symptoms of<unk>  despite the administration of a short-acting β2-agonist before<unk> , strong recommendations were made for a daily inhaled corticosteroid, a daily leukotriene receptor antagonist, or a mast cell stabilizing agent before<unk> ." Research A crossover study compared oral montelukast with inhaled salmeterol, both given two hours before<unk> , showing that the drugs had similar benefit. A meta-analysis of preliminary research indicated that vitamin C may be useful to relieve respiratory symptoms such as cough during<unk> .
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Reactive airway disease
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
Cholinergic urticaria
Coronary vasospasm
Mediastinal fibrosis