The<unk>  is the ratio of T helper cells (with the surface marker<unk>  to cytotoxic T cells (with the surface marker<unk> . Both<unk> + and<unk> + T cells contain several subsets. The<unk>  in the peripheral blood of healthy adults and mice is about 2:1, and an altered ratio can indicate diseases relating to immunodeficiency or autoimmunity. An inverted<unk>  (namely, less than 1/1) indicates an impaired immune system. Conversely, an increased<unk>  corresponds to increased immune function. Obesity and dysregulated lipid metabolism in the liver leads to loss of<unk> +, but not<unk> + cells, contributing to the induction of liver cancer. Regulatory<unk> + cells decline with expanding visceral fat, whereas<unk> + T-cells increase.
CD4+/CD8+ ratio
Total complement activity
Mixed lymphocyte reaction
Helper/suppressor ratio
Absolute neutrophil count
Human leukocyte antigen
Tear break-up time
Viral load