<unk>  evades immune surveillance thus escaping clearance from macrophages, circulates for long periods in body fluids after intravenous administration with a half-life of ~120 h, and extravasates through the compromised endothelium of the vasculature in tumors created during the process of neoangiogenesis Extravasation Figure. Thus,<unk>  nanoparticles are concentrated to the primary tumor and metastases. Human studies have shown 40- to 200-fold higher platinum concentration compared to the adjacent normal tissue in specimens from human biopsies 20 post-infusion of the drug.<unk>  nanoparticles once inside the tumor cell mass can fuse with the cell membrane because of the presence of the fusogenic lipid DPPG in their lipid bilayer; an alternative mechanism proposed is that<unk>  is taken by endocytosis by tumor cells as shown from<unk>  containing fluorescent lipids and imaging of the tumor cells in culture thus treated with fluorescent microscopy. These processes occurring at the cell membrane level are promoted by the lipid shell of the nanoparticles (disguised as nutrients). The technology allows<unk>  to empty its toxic payload (cisplatin) inside the cytoplasm to kill the tumor cell. The cell membrane is considered a significant barrier to transportation of the toxic molecules of cisplatin across and inside the tumor cell.
Lipoplatin
Ifosfamide
Carboplatin
Doxorubicin
Paclitaxel
Lomustine
Bendamustine
Etoposide