There are two ways to diagnose<unk> : by documenting a history of complex, dream-enactment sleep<unk> s, or by polysomnography recording of these<unk> s along with REM sleep atonia loss.<unk>  may be established from clinical interview as well as several validated questionnaires, when sleep studies cannot be performed. Questionnaires such as the<unk> <unk><unk>  <unk>  Screening Questionnaire <unk> SQ), the REM Sleep<unk>  Questionnaires – Hong-Kong <unk> -HK), the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ) and the Innsbruck<unk>  Inventory are well-validated. Individuals with<unk>  may not be able to provide a history of dream enactment<unk> , so bed partners are also consulted. The<unk>  Single-Question Screen offers diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the absence of polysomnography with one question: "Have you ever been told, or suspected yourself, that you seem to 'act out your dreams' while asleep (for example, punching, flailing your arms in the air, making running<unk> s, etc.)?" Diagnostic criteria for<unk>  from the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) are: # Repetition of vocalizations and/or complex motor<unk> s during sleep # Polysomnography (PSG) show that these<unk> s occur during REM sleep # If documentation of these<unk> s by PSG is not possible, they must at least be assumed to take place during REM sleep based on records of dream enactment # REM sleep without atonia (RWA) can be seen in polysomnographic recordings # Episodes cannot be explained by another mental disorder, sleep disorder, substance abuse or medication Differential Other conditions are similar to<unk>  in that individuals exhibit excessive sleep<unk>  and potentially violent<unk> . Such disorders include non-REM parasomnias (sleepwalking, sleep terrors), periodic limb<unk>  disorder, severe obstructive sleep apnea, and dissociative disorders. Because of the similarities between the conditions, polysomnography plays an important role in confirming<unk>  diagnosis.
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Delayed sleep phase disorder
Advanced sleep phase disorder
Shift work sleep disorder
Idiopathic hypersomnia
Nightmare disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder