With imaging, resorption of the lower part of the ribs may be seen, due to increased blood flow over the neurovascular bundle that runs there. Prestenotic dilatation of the<unk> c arch and left subclavian artery, as well as indentation at the site of<unk> rctation results in a classic 'figure 3 sign' on x-ray. The characteristic bulging of the sign is<unk> used by dilatation of the<unk>  due to an indrawing of the<unk> c wall at the site of cervical rib obstruction, with consequent poststenotic dilatation. This physiology results in the '3' image for which the sign is named. When the esophagus is filled with barium, a reverse 3 or E sign is often seen and represents a mirror image of the areas of prestenotic and poststenotic dilatation.<unk> <unk> n be accurately diagnosed with magnetic resonance angiography. In teenagers and adults echocardiograms may not be conclusive. The severity of<unk> <unk> n be rated by a combination of the smallest<unk> c cross-sectional area of the<unk>  (adjusted for body surface area) as measured by 3D-rendered contrast MRI, as well as mean heart rate–corrected flow deceleration in the descending<unk>  as measured by phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.
Coarctation of the aorta
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm
Annuloaortic ectasia
Double aortic arch
Interrupted aortic arch
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary vein stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis