The diagnosis of<unk>  is primarily based on clinical history and examination, augmented with non-invasive studies such as X-ray, CT scan, and magnetic resonance imaging of the chest. Pelvic ultrasound is also useful to determine if the patient has any degree of pelvic or abdominal<unk>  (indicated by the presence of free fluid). More invasive methods for obtaining a tissue diagnosis of<unk>  include video thoracoscopy (for pleural or pulmonary biopsy), or bronchoscopy (for pulmonary or bronchial biopsy, or bronchial lavage). A case series has been reported in which clinical diagnosis was made in 50% of patients, the rest being diagnosed either via biopsy (25%) or bronchoalveolar lavage (25%).
Thoracic endometriosis
Cervical thymic cyst
Inguinal lymphadenopathy
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Subphrenic abscess
Lung hernia
Paraproctitis
Diaphragmatic hernia