<unk> , also known as diacetylmorphine and diamorphine among other names, is an opioid used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Medical grade diamorphine is used as a pure<unk> ydrochloride salt. Various white and brown powders sold illegally around the world as<unk> <unk> ave variable "cuts". Black tar<unk>  is a variable admixture of morphine derivatives—predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine), which is the result of crude acetylation during clandestine production of street<unk> . Diamorphine is used medically in several countries to relieve pain, such as during childbirth or a<unk> eart attack, as well as in opioid replacement therapy. It is typically injected, usually into a vein, but it can also be smoked, snorted, or inhaled. In a clinical context the route of administration is most commonly intravenous injection; it may also be given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, as well as orally in the form of tablets. The onset of effects is usually rapid and lasts for a few<unk> ours. Common side effects include respiratory depression (decreased breathing), dry mouth, drowsiness, impaired mental function, constipation, and addiction. Side effects of use by injection can include abscesses, infected<unk> eart valves, blood-borne infections, and pneumonia. After a<unk> istory of long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms can begin within<unk> ours of the last use. When given by injection into a vein,<unk> <unk> as two to three times the effect of a similar dose of morphine. It typically appears in the form of a white or brown powder. Treatment of<unk>  addiction often includes behavioral therapy and medications. Medications can include buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone. A<unk>  overdose may be treated with naloxone. An estimated 17 million people use opiates, of which<unk>  is the most common, and opioid use resulted in 122,000 deaths. The total number of<unk>  users worldwide as of 2015 is believed to<unk> ave increased in Africa, the Americas, and Asia since 2000. In the United States, approximately 1.6 percent of people<unk> ave used<unk>  at some point, with 950,000 using it in the last year. When people die from overdosing on a drug, the drug is usually an opioid and often<unk> .<unk>  was first made by C. R. Alder Wright in 1874 from morphine, a natural product of the opium poppy. Internationally,<unk>  is controlled under Schedules I and IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and it is generally illegal to make, possess, or sell without a license. About 448 tons of<unk>  were made in 2016. In 2015, Afghanistan produced about 66% of the world's opium. Illegal<unk>  is often mixed with other substances such as sugar, starch, caffeine, quinine, or other opioids like fentanyl.
Heroin
Cannabis
Cannabis 
Cocaine
Cocaine 
Nicotine
Phencyclidine
Opioid