Both superficial and deep<unk> s are at risk during surgical incisions. Leg surgery In surgeries, the principle superficial<unk> s at risk are, medially, the great saphenous vein and its accompanying nerve, and, laterally, the superficial peroneal nerve. The superficial peroneal nerve originates from the common peroneal nerve near the neck of the fibula and passes between the peroneus longus and brevis muscles, supplying motor branches to these muscles. The superficial branch then continues onto the dorsum of the foot to supply sensory fibers to the skin there. The main deep<unk>  at risk is the posterior tibial artery. It lies on the posterior aspect of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus muscle, and medial to the belly of flexor hallucis longus muscle. It also gives rise to medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery. During surgery, these<unk> s, both superficial and deep, should be protected in order to prevent neurological damage. A common anatomically informed, surgical technique to avoid damaging<unk> s is to undermine anteriorly to the posterior tibial margin after reaching the fascia, in order to avoid the saphenous vein and nerve. The deep posterior compartment here is superficial and readily accessible. The fascia of the deep posterior compartment is carefully opened distally and proximally, under the belly of the soleus muscle, paying special attention to the posterior tibial<unk> . Through the same incision, the fascia of the superficial posterior compartment is opened widely, two centimeters posterior and parallel to the incision in the fascia of the deep compartment. Prostate surgery The preservation of both<unk> s during nerve-sparing (NS) radical prostatectomy improves urinary continence and erectile function. Consequently, NS is recommended in elderly men and those with pre-existing erectile dysfunction, whom many surgeons would previously have only offered non-NS surgery. It was also found that during surgeries in which<unk> s are preserved, the frequency of positive margins were only 5.8 percent.
Neurovascular bundle
Cardiopulmonary nerves
Parasympathetic nervous system
Intrascleral plexus
Cerebrospinal fibers
Postganglionic nerve fibers
Nerve plexus
Preganglionic nerve fibers