There are three main mechanisms to cause<unk> : * Due to disease in the glomerulus * Because of increased quantity of proteins in serum (overflow<unk>  * Due to low reabsorption at proximal tubule (Fanconi syndrome)<unk>  can also be caused by certain biological agents, such as bevacizumab (Avastin) used in cancer treatment. Excessive fluid intake (drinking in excess of 4 litres of water per day) is another cause.<unk>  may be a sign of renal (kidney) damage. Since serum proteins are readily reabsorbed from urine, the presence of excess protein indicates either an insufficiency of absorption or impaired filtration. People with diabetes may have damaged nephrons and develop<unk> . The most common cause of<unk>  is diabetes, and in any person with<unk>  and diabetes, the cause of the underlying<unk>  should be separated into two categories: diabetic<unk>  versus the field. With severe<unk> , general hypoproteinemia can develop which results in diminished oncotic pressure. Symptoms of diminished oncotic pressure may include ascites, edema and hydrothorax. Conditions with<unk> <unk>  may be a feature of the following conditions: * Nephrotic syndromes (i.e. intrinsic kidney failure) * Pre-eclampsia * Eclampsia * Toxic lesions of kidneys * Amyloidosis * Collagen vascular diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus) * Dehydration * Glomerular diseases, such as membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) * Strenuous exercise * Stress * Benign orthostatic (postural)<unk>  * Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) * IgA nephropathy (i.e. Berger's disease) * IgM nephropathy * Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis * Membranous nephropathy * Minimal change disease * Sarcoidosis * Alport syndrome * Diabetes mellitus (diabetic nephropathy) * Drugs (e.g. NSAIDs, nicotine, penicillamine, lithium carbonate, gold and other heavy metals, ACE inhibitors, antibiotics, or opiates (especially heroin) * Fabry disease * Infections (e.g. HIV, syphilis, hepatitis, poststreptococcal infection, urinary schistosomiasis) * Aminoaciduria * Fanconi syndrome in association with Wilson disease * Hypertensive nephrosclerosis * Interstitial nephritis * Sickle cell disease * Hemoglobinuria * Multiple myeloma * Myoglobinuria * Organ rejection: * Ebola virus disease * Nail–patella syndrome * Familial Mediterranean fever * HELLP syndrome * Systemic lupus erythematosus * Granulomatosis with polyangiitis * Rheumatoid arthritis * Glycogen storage disease type 1 * Goodpasture syndrome * Henoch–Schönlein<unk> rpura * A urinary tract infection which has spread to the kidney(s) * Sjögren syndrome * Post-infectious glomerulonephritis * Living kidney donor * Polycystic kidney disease Bence–Jones<unk>  * Amyloidosis * Pre-malignant plasma cell dyscrasias: * Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance * Smoldering multiple myeloma * Malignant plasma cell dyscrasias * Multiple myeloma * Waldenström's macroglobulinemia * Other malignancies * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia * Rare cases of other Lymphoid leukemias * Rare cases of Lymphomas
Proteinuria
Crystalluria
Beeturia
Pyuria
Anuria
Bacteriuria
Albuminuria
Polyuria