<unk> , also called lens replacement<unk> , is the removal of the natural lens of the eye (also called "crystalline lens") that has developed an opacification, which is referred to as a<unk> , and its replacement with an intraocular lens. Metabolic changes of the crystalline lens fibers over time lead to the development of the<unk> , causing impairment or loss of vision. Some infants are born with congenital<unk> s, and certain environmental factors may also lead to<unk>  formation. Early symptoms may include strong glare from lights and small light sources at night, and reduced acuity at low light levels. During<unk> , a patient's cloudy natural<unk>  lens is removed, either by emulsification in place or by cutting it out. An artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in its place.<unk>  is generally performed by an ophthalmologist in an ambulatory setting at a surgical center or hospital rather than an inpatient setting. Either topical, sub-tenon, peribulbar, or retrobulbar local anesthesia is used, usually causing little or no discomfort to the patient. Well over 90% of operations are successful in restoring useful vision, with a low complication rate. Day care, high volume, minimally invasive, small incision phacoemulsification with quick post-op recovery has become the standard of care in<unk>  all over the world.
Cataract surgery
Glaucoma surgery
Ocular prosthesis
Retinal implant
Eye surgery
Glaucoma medication
Refractive surgery
Pre-Descemet's Endothelial Keratoplasty