Worldwide, the number of new cases since 1995 of<unk>  ranges from 10.4 to 83 people per million per year. This wide range of numbers is probably partly due to differences among regions in whether and how<unk> es are reported. In North America, about 39 people per every million incur<unk>  traumatically each year, and in Western Europe, the incidence is 16 per million. In the United States, the incidence of<unk>  has been estimated to be about 40 cases per 1 million people per year or around 12,000 cases per year. In China, the incidence is approximately 60,000 per year. The estimated number of people living with<unk>  in the world ranges from 236 to 4187 per million. Estimates vary widely due to differences in how data are collected and what techniques are used to extrapolate the figures. Little information is available from Asia, and even less from Africa and South America. In Western Europe the estimated prevalence is 300 per million people and in North America it is 853 per million. It is estimated at 440 per million in Iran, 526 per million in Iceland, and 681 per million in Australia. In the United States there are between 225,000 and 296,000 individuals living with<unk> es, and different studies have estimated prevalences from 525 to 906 per million.<unk>  is present in about 2% of all cases of blunt force trauma. Anyone who has undergone force sufficient to cause a thoracic spinal<unk>  is at high risk for other<unk> es also. In 44% of<unk>  cases, other serious<unk> es are sustained at the same time; 14% of<unk>  patients also suffer head trauma or facial trauma. Other commonly associated<unk> es include chest trauma, abdominal trauma, pelvic fractures, and long bone fractures. Males account for four out of five traumatic<unk> es. Most of these<unk> es occur in men under 30 years of age. The average age at the time of<unk>  has slowly increased from about 29 years in the 1970s to 41. Rates of<unk>  are at their lowest in children, at their highest in the late teens to early twenties, then get progressively lower in older age groups; however rates may rise in the elderly. In Sweden between 50 and 70% of all cases of<unk>  occur in people under 30, and 25% occur in those over 50. While<unk>  rates are highest among people age 15–20, fewer than 3% of<unk> s occur in people under 15. Neonatal<unk>  occurs in one in 60,000 births, e.g. from breech births or<unk> es by forceps. The difference in rates between the sexes diminishes in<unk> es at age 3 and younger; the same number of girls are<unk> d as boys, or possibly more. Another cause of pediatric<unk>  is child abuse such as shaken baby syndrome. For children, the most common cause of<unk>  (56%) is vehicle crashes. High numbers of adolescent<unk> es are attributable in a large part to traffic accidents and sports<unk> es. For people over 65, falls are the most common cause of traumatic<unk> . The elderly and people with severe arthritis are at high risk for<unk>  because of defects in the spinal column. In nontraumatic<unk> , the gender difference is smaller, the average age of occurrence is greater, and incomplete lesions are more common.
Spinal cord injury
Spinal tumor
Vascular myelopathy
Posterior cord syndrome
Basal ganglia disease
Spinal disease
Syringomyelia
Central cord syndrome