The percentage of cases attributable to occupational<unk>  varies substantially depending on the industries that predominate, the employment that people have, the risks to which they are exposed, the centers that record cases, and variances in defining and confirming diagnoses. Common causes of allergic<unk>  include: nickel allergy, 14K or 18K gold, Balsam of Peru (Myroxylon pereirae), and chromium. In the Americas they include the oily coating from plants of the genus Toxicodendron: poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. Millions of cases occur each year in North America alone. The alkyl resorcinols in Grevillea banksii and Grevillea 'Robyn Gordon' are responsible for<unk> . Bilobol, another alkyl resorcinol found in Ginkgo biloba fruits, is also a strong skin irritant. Common causes of irritant<unk>  include solvents, metalworking fluids, latex, kerosene, ethylene oxide, paper, especially papers coated with chemicals and printing inks, certain foods and drink, food flavorings and spices, perfume, surfactants in topical medications and cosmetics, alkalis, low humidity from air conditioning, and many plants. Other common causes of irritant<unk>  are harsh alkaline soaps, detergents, and cleaning products. There are three types of<unk> : irritant<unk> ; allergic<unk> ; and photocontact dermatitis. Photocontact dermatitis is divided into two categories: phototoxic and photoallergic. Irritant<unk>  The irritant's direct cytotoxic impact on epidermal keratinocytes causes Irritant<unk> . This disrupts the skin barrier and activates the innate immune system. Keratinocytes in the epidermis can be actually affected by irritants. It is a complicated reaction that is influenced by genetic and environmental elements, both of which have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. It can be seen in both occupational and non-occupational environments but it's more common in the occupations dealing in low humidity conditions.Contact dermatitis caused by unprotected handling of damp, impregnated wooden construction debris. Irritant<unk>  (ICD) can be divided into forms caused by chemical irritants, and those caused by physical irritants. Common chemical irritants implicated include: solvents (alcohol, xylene, turpentine, esters, acetone, ketones, and others); metalworking fluids (neat oils, water-based metalworking fluids with surfactants); latex; kerosene; ethylene oxide; surfactants in topical medications and cosmetics (sodium lauryl sulfate); and alkalis (drain cleaners, strong soap with lye residues). Physical irritant<unk>  may most commonly be caused by low humidity from air conditioning. Also, many plants directly irritate the skin. Allergic<unk>  3-year-old girl with<unk> , one day after contact with poison ivy Allergic<unk>  (ACD) is accepted to be the most prevalent form of immunotoxicity found in humans, and is a common occupational and environmental health problem. By its allergic nature, this form of<unk>  is a hypersensitive reaction that is atypical within the population. The development of the disease occurs in two phases, which are induction and elicitation. The process of skin sensitization begins when a susceptible subject is exposed to the allergen in sufficient concentration to elicit the required cutaneous immune response. This causes sensitization and when exposure to the same allergen at a later time at the same or different skin site leads to a secondary immune response at the point of contact.The mechanisms by which this reaction occurs are complex, with many levels of fine control. Their immunology centres on the interaction of immunoregulatory cytokines and discrete subpopulations of T lymphocytes. Allergens include nickel, gold, Balsam of Peru (Myroxylon pereirae), chromium, and the oily coating from plants of the genus Toxicodendron, such as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. Acrylates, rubber chemicals, emulsifiers and dyes, epoxy resin chemicals are just a several of the substances that might induce Allergic<unk> . Much of the allergic<unk>  that arises is caused by occupational exposure. Non-occupational exposure to allergens in medicaments, clothing, cosmetics, and plants are also a significant cause of allergic<unk> . Photocontact dermatitis Sometimes termed "photoaggravated", and divided into two categories, phototoxic and photoallergic, PCD is the eczematous condition which is triggered by an interaction between an otherwise unharmful or less harmful substance on the skin and ultraviolet light (320–400 nm UVA) (ESCD 2006), therefore manifesting itself only in regions where the sufferer has been exposed to such rays. Without the presence of these rays, the photosensitiser is not harmful. For this reason, this form of<unk>  is usually associated only with areas of skin that are left uncovered by clothing, and it can be soundly defeated by avoiding exposure to sunlight. The mechanism of action varies from toxin to toxin, but is usually due to the production of a photoproduct. Toxins which are associated with PCD include the psoralens. Psoralens are in fact used therapeutically for the treatment of psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo. Photocontact dermatitis is another condition in which the distinction between forms of<unk>  is not clear-cut. Immunological mechanisms can also play a part, causing a response similar to ACD.
Contact dermatitis
Angioedema
Autosensitization dermatitis
Atrophic vaginitis
Phototoxic tar dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis
Drug eruption
Rodent mite dermatitis