Some<unk>  machines<unk>  or bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically-viable products.<unk>  employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocatalysts, biomechanics, bioinformatics, separation and purification processes, bioreactor design, surface science, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and polymer science. It is used in the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, renewable energy, ecological engineering, agricultural engineering, process engineering and catalysis, and other areas that improve the living standards of societies. Examples of bioengineering research include bacteria engineered to produce chemicals, new medical imaging technology, portable and rapid disease diagnostic devices, prosthetics, biopharmaceuticals, and tissue-engineered organs. Bioengineering overlaps substantially with biotechnology and the biomedical sciences in a way analogous to how various other forms of engineering and technology relate to various other sciences (such as aerospace engineering and other space technology to kinetics and astrophysics). In general,<unk>  engineers attempt to either mimic<unk>  systems to create products or to modify and control<unk>  systems. Working with doctors, clinicians, and researchers, bioengineers use traditional engineering principles and techniques to address<unk>  processes, including ways to replace, augment, sustain, or predict chemical and mechanical processes.
Biological engineering
Neural engineering
Tissue engineering
Transplant engineering
Neural tissue engineering
Biomedical engineering
Host-directed therapeutics
Exomedicine