Although targeting the<unk>  axis has clear therapeutic benefit, its effectiveness is temporary, as prostate tumor cells adapt to survive and grow. The removal of<unk> s has been shown to activate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD) and cancer stem cell-like gene programs. * EMT has established roles in promoting biological phenotypes associated with tumor progression (migration/invasion, tumor cell survival, cancer stem cell-like properties, resistance to radiation and chemotherapy) in multiple human cancer types. * NEtD in prostate cancer is associated with resistance to therapy, visceral metastasis, and aggressive disease. * Cancer Stem Cell phenotypes are associated with disease recurrence, metastasis, and cell survival in circulation as Circulating tumor cells. Thus, activation of these programs via inhibition of the<unk>  axis provides a mechanism by which tumor cells can adapt to promote disease recurrence and progression. Orchiectomy, LHRH analogs and LHRH antagonists can all cause similar side effects, due to changes in the levels of sex hormones (testosterone). A program has been developed for patients and their partner to recognize and manage the more burdensome side effects of<unk> . One program is built around the 2014 book<unk> : An Essential Guide for Prostate Cancer Patients and Their Loved Ones", which is endorsed by the Canadian Urological Association. Recent studies have shown<unk>  may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease or dementia. The increase in risk may be associated with duration of<unk> . While some studies report a decline in certain areas of cognitive function such as spatial abilities, attention, and verbal memory associated with<unk> , evidence as a whole remains contradictory. Useful preventative interventions may include social interaction, physical exercise and a "Mediterranean diet", among others. Additional small risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Androgen deprivation therapy
Estrogen deprivation therapy
Hormone therapy
Masculinizing hormone therapy
Feminizing hormone therapy
Androgen replacement therapy
Hormonal therapy 
Prostate brachytherapy