<unk>  <unk> , also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), is a personality disorder characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, distorted sense of self, and strong emotional reactions. Those affected often engage in self-harm and other dangerous behaviors, often due to their difficulty with returning their emotional level to a healthy or normal baseline. They may also struggle with a feeling of emptiness, fear of abandonment, and detachment from reality. Symptoms of<unk>  may be triggered by events considered normal to others.<unk>  typically begins by early adulthood and occurs across a variety of situations. Substance use disorders, depression, and eating disorders are commonly associated with<unk> . Some 8 to 10% of people affected with the disorder may die by suicide. The disorder is often stigmatized in both the media and the psychiatric field and as a result is often underdiagnosed. The causes of<unk>  are unclear but seem to involve genetic, neurological, environmental, and social factors. It occurs about five times more often in a person who has an affected close relative. Adverse life events appear to also play a role. The underlying mechanism appears to involve the frontolimbic network of neurons.<unk>  is recognized by the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a personality disorder, along with nine other such disorders. The condition must be differentiated from an identity problem or substance use disorders, among other possibilities.<unk>  is typically treated with psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). DBT may reduce the risk of suicide in the disorder. Therapy for<unk>  can occur one-on-one or in a group. While medications cannot cure<unk> , they may be used to help with the associated symptoms. Despite no evidence of their effectiveness, SSRI antidepressants and quetiapine remain widely prescribed for the condition. Severe cases of the disorder may require hospital care. About 1.6% of people have<unk>  in a given year, with some estimates as high as 6%. Women are diagnosed about three times as often as men. The disorder appears to become less common among older people. Up to half of those with<unk>  improve over a ten-year period. Those affected typically use a high amount of healthcare resources. There is an ongoing debate about the naming of the disorder, especially the suitability of the word<unk> .
Borderline personality disorder
Substance use disorder
Depressive personality disorder
Cluster B personality disorders
Organic personality disorder
Identity disorder
Dependent personality disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder