These movement disorders are classified into three main types based on their triggers and the duration and frequency of the attacks. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) This is characterized by attacks of involuntary movements (dystonia, chorea, or ballism), which are typically triggered by sudden voluntary movements, but can also be triggered by involuntary movements as well (for example, hyperventilating). These voluntary movements usually involve whole body activity such as standing, walking, and running. The age of onset is typically in childhood or early adolescence with most cases reporting improvement or complete remission with aging. Attacks last from seconds to minutes and are known to be at higher risk of occurring during stress, fear, cold, heat, or menstruation. Paroxysmal non-kinesogenic dyskinesia (PNKD) This is similar to PKD, characterizing as an episodic movement disorder, but is not triggered by voluntary movements. The attacks for PNKD are spontaneous and last from hours to days. It is an autosomal dominant disorder passing to nearly 50% of the offspring. Some predisposing factors include stress, excitement, alcoholic beverages, tea, and beverages with caffeine. Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED) This is an extremely rare type of<unk>  characterized by sudden, involuntary, dystonic movements, often including repetitive twisting motions and painful posturing. The attacks are triggered by exercise and other physical exertion, and usually last from minutes to an hour. Attacks usually appear in the body part that is being exercised or exerted over a period of time, perhaps 10 to 15 minutes.
Paroxysmal dyskinesia
Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
Pseudoathetosis
Tardive dyskinesia
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis
Choreoathetosis
Opsoclonus
Focal dystonia