Total recorded<unk>  per capita consumption, in litres of pure<unk> . Excessive<unk>  intake is associated with an elevated risk of<unk> ic liver disease (ALD), heart failure, some cancers, and accidental injury, and is a leading cause of preventable death in industrialized countries. There is controversy about studies that showed beneficial effects of<unk>  consumption. Some Epidemiological and short term experimental studies have shown drinkers who consume one to two drinks per drinking day have a beneficial association with ischemic heart disease compared to never-drinkers. Furthermore, regular consumption of light to moderate dose of<unk> ic beverages (1 drink/day for women or up to 2-drinks/day for men) has been associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in cardiovascular patients. However, cardiovascular patients who do not regularly consume<unk>  are not encouraged to start drinking due to lack of controlled intervention studies and evidence.
Alcohol and cardiovascular disease
Alcohol and breast cancer
Alcohol and cancer
Alcohol and pregnancy
Obesity and cancer
Salt and cardiovascular disease
Alcohol and Native Americans
Schizophrenia and tobacco smoking