There is no clear consensus on the boundaries between<unk>  and other forms of therapeutic<unk> . In academic literature,<unk>  usually refers to the<unk>  levels of energy required to destroy tissue through ablation or cavitation, although it is also sometimes used to describe lower<unk>  applications such as occupational therapy and physical therapy. Either way,<unk>  is used to non-invasively heat tissue deep in the body without the need for an incision. The main applications are the destruction of tissue, increasing perfusion and physical therapy. The use of<unk>  in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions is another use in the physiotherapy setting. Neurological disorders One of the first applications of<unk>  was the treatment of Parkinson's disease in the 1940s. Although ineffective at the time,<unk>  has the capacity to lesion pathology. A<unk><unk>  system is approved in Israel, Canada, Europe, Korea and Russia to treat essential tremor, neuropathic pain, and Parkinsonian tremor. This approach enables treatment of the brain without an incision or radiation. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Insightec's Exablate system to treat essential tremor. Treatment for other thalamocortical dysrhythmias and psychiatric conditions are under investigation. Uterine adenomyosis and fibroids Treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids became the first approved application of<unk>  by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2004. Studies have shown that<unk>  is safe and effective, and that patients have sustained symptomatic relief is sustained for at least two years without the risk of complications involved in surgery or other more invasive approaches. Up to 16-20% of patients will require additional treatment. Cancers<unk>  is an attractive option for tumors in locations that are hard to reach or non-resectable. Of particular interest are intestinal cancers and brain cancer. When recommending treatment, a clinician must consider other modalities to determine if<unk>  is a viable option. Prostate cancer<unk>  is being studied in men with prostate cancer.<unk>  was requested 501k multiple safety data in the United States for prostate tissue ablation in 2015.<unk>  is being used for ablation of prostate cancer. Liver cancer<unk>  is well studied in liver cancer and in many studies report a<unk>  response rate and positive patient outcome. Abscopal effect During the treatment of metastasized liver cancer with<unk> , immune responses have been observed in locations that are distant from the focal region. Although the mechanism of this systemic response is unknown, it is thought to be elicited by the release of tumor antigens with retained immunogenicity through histotripsy. Other cancers<unk>  has been successfully applied in treatment of cancer to destroy solid tumors of the bone, brain, breast, pancreas, rectum, kidney, testes, prostate. Palliative care<unk>  has been found to have palliative effects. CE approval has been given for palliative treatment of bone metastasis. Experimentally, a palliative effect was found in cases of advanced pancreatic cancer. Prostate enlargement Treatment of prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia) by<unk>  from inside the intestine (transrectal) has turned out to be unsuccessful. In some countries, not in USA,<unk>  has also been offered from the inside of the prostate, that is, via a catheter in the prostatic urethra. Evidence as of 2019 is lacking. In England the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in 2018 classified the method as "not recommended". In the US (as of 2019) not even the technical device needed for the treatment has been approved.
High-intensity focused ultrasound
Bonney myomectomy clamp
Tubal ligation
Ultrasonic transducer
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound
Uterine myomectomy
Sacrohysteropexy
Glomectomy