The major side effect of<unk>  use is bleeding. Risk of bleeding is increased if the INR is out of range (due to accidental or deliberate overdose or due to interactions). Many drug interactions can increase the effect of<unk> , also causing an overdose. For people who need rapid reversal of<unk>  – such as due to serious bleeding – or who need emergency surgery, the effects of<unk>  can be reversed with vitamin K, prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), or fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Generally, 4-factor PCC can be given more quickly than FFP, the amount needed is a smaller volume of fluid than FFP, and does not require ABO blood typing. Administration of PCCs result in rapid hemostasis, similar to that of FFP; namely, with comparable rates of thromboembolic events, but with reduced rates of volume overload. Blood products should not be routinely used to reverse<unk>  overdose, when vitamin K could work alone. While PCC has been found in lab tests to be better than FFP, when rapid reversal is needed, as of 2018, it was unclear whether there is a difference in outcomes such as death or disability. Details on reversing<unk>  are provided in clinical practice guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians. For people with an international normalized ratio (INR) between 4.5 and 10.0, a small dose (about 1000 mcg = one milligram) of oral vitamin K is sufficient. When<unk>  is being given and INR is in therapeutic range, simple discontinuation of the drug for five days is usually enough to reverse the effect and cause INR to drop below 1.5.
Warfarin
Palladin
Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine
Apixaban
Ticagrelor
Heparin
Dabigatran