Flores and São Miguel are centers of the<unk>  in the Azores.<unk><unk> 's disease has multiple origins as SCA3 comes from haplotype of four different origins and was not from one origin in the Azores. Japan, Brazil and France all have been founder effects in areas with SCA3. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) on the Azores are believed to have come from Portugal's northeast where Sephardic Jews lived. Belgium, French-Guiana and Algeria have their own MJD mutation origins. Portuguese have two mutations, while Brazil and France have one mutation, and Germans make up the majority of MJD patients in the United States. Azorean MJD sufferers have their locus on the 14q24.3-32 chromosome, the same as some Japanese with MJD. It was an Azorean, William<unk> , whose offspring in New England were the first to be diagnosed with MJD. The Azorean<unk>  family, living in California, were also diagnosed with MJD. The same origin for MJD is found in the Azores and in America's north-west coast. Not only Portuguese have it since African Americans, Indians, Italians and Japanese also developed MJD. In China, the mutation causing SCA type 3 has been estimated to have occurred 8,000 to 17,000 years ago. In Japan, the oldest causative mutation appears to have occurred about 5774 +/- 1116 years ago. Among aboriginal Australians, the founder mutation appears to have occurred about 7000 years ago. As this mutation is shared with other families based in Asia it seems likely that it was imported into Australia. MJD affected Azoreans and Japanese had haplotypes in common while Azoreans also had haplotypes of two different origins.
Machado–Joseph disease
Darier's disease
Caroli disease
Borna disease
Lev's disease
Tornwaldt's disease
Marchiafava–Bignami disease
Bright's disease