The most frequent reasons for<unk>  are gastroenteritis (13%), irritable bowel syndrome (8%), urinary tract problems (5%), inflammation of the stomach (5%) and constipation (5%). In about 30% of cases, the cause is not determined. About 10% of cases have a more serious cause including gallbladder (gallstones or biliary dyskinesia) or pancreas problems (4%), diverticulitis (3%),<unk> pendicitis (2%) and cancer (1%). More common in those who are older, ischemic colitis, mesenteric ischemia, and abdominal aortic aneurysms are other serious causes. Acute<unk>  Acute abdomen can be defined as severe, persistent<unk>  of sudden onset that is likely to require surgical intervention to treat its cause. The<unk>  may frequently be associated with nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, fever and signs of shock. One of the most common conditions associated with acute<unk>  is acute<unk> pendicitis. Selected causes * Traumatic: blunt or perforating trauma to the stomach, bowel, spleen, liver, or kidney * Inflammatory: * Infections such as<unk> pendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, Peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, hepatitis, mesenteric adenitis, or a subdiaphragmatic abscess * Perforation of a peptic ulcer, a diverticulum, or the caecum * Complications of inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis * Mechanical: * Small bowel obstruction secondary to adhesions caused by previous surgeries, intussusception, hernias, benign or malignant neoplasms * Large bowel obstruction caused by colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, volvulus, fecal impaction or hernia * Vascular: occlusive intestinal ischemia, usually caused by thromboembolism of the superior mesenteric artery By system A more extensive list includes the following: * Gastrointestinal * GI tract * Inflammatory: gastroenteritis,<unk> pendicitis, gastritis, esophagitis, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis * Obstruction: hernia, intussusception, volvulus, post-surgical adhesions, tumors, severe constipation, hemorrhoids * Vascular: embolism, thrombosis, hemorrhage, sickle cell disease, abdominal angina, blood vessel compression (such as celiac artery compression syndrome), superior mesenteric artery syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome * Digestive: peptic ulcer, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, food allergies * Glands * Bile system * Inflammatory: cholecystitis, cholangitis * Obstruction: cholelithiasis, tumours * Liver * Inflammatory: hepatitis, liver abscess * Pancreatic * Inflammatory: pancreatitis * Renal and urological * Inflammation: pyelonephritis, bladder infection, indigestion * Obstruction: kidney stones, urolithiasis, urinary retention, tumours * Vascular: left renal vein entrapment * Gynaecological or obstetric * Inflammatory: pelvic inflammatory disease * Mechanical: ovarian torsion * Endocrinological: menstruation, Mittelschmerz * Tumors: endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cyst, ovarian cancer * Pregnancy: ruptured ectopic pregnancy, threatened abortion * Abdominal wall * muscle strain or trauma * muscular infection * neurogenic<unk> : herpes zoster, radiculitis in Lyme disease, abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES), tabes dorsalis * Referred<unk>  * from the thorax: pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, pericarditis * from the spine: radiculitis * from the genitals: testicular torsion * Metabolic disturbance * uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, porphyria, C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, lead poisoning, black widow spider bite, narcotic withdrawal * Blood vessels * aortic dissection, abdominal aortic aneurysm * Immune system * sarcoidosis * vasculitis * familial Mediterranean fever * Idiopathic * irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)(affecting up to 20% of the population, IBS is the most common cause of recurrent and intermittent<unk>  If not these it may be simpler cases like motion sickness or diarrhea. The worst case food poisoning By location The location of<unk>  can provide information about what may be causing the<unk> . The abdomen can be divided into four regions called quadrants. Locations and associated conditions include: * Diffuse * Peritonitis * Vascular: mesenteric ischemia, ischemic colitis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, sickle cell disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa * Small bowel obstruction * Irritable bowel syndrome * Metabolic disorders: ketoacidosis, porphyria, familial Mediterranean fever, adrenal crisis * Epigastric * Heart: myocardial infarction, pericarditis * Stomach: gastritis, stomach ulcer, stomach cancer * Pancreas: pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer * Intestinal: duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis,<unk> pendicitis * Right upper quadrant * Liver: hepatomegaly, fatty liver, hepatitis, liver cancer, abscess * Gallbladder and biliary tract: inflammation, gallstones, worm infection, cholangitis * Colon: bowel obstruction, functional disorders, gas accumulation, spasm, inflammation, colon cancer * Other: pneumonia, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome * Left upper quadrant * Splenomegaly * Colon: bowel obstruction, functional disorders, gas accumulation, spasm, inflammation, colon cancer * Peri-umbilical (the area around the umbilicus, aka the belly button) *<unk> pendicitis * Pancreatitis * Inferior myocardial infarction * Peptic ulcer * Diabetic ketoacidosis * Vascular: aortic dissection, aortic rupture * Bowel: mesenteric ischemia, Celiac disease, inflammation, intestinal spasm, functional disorders, small bowel obstruction * Lower<unk>  * Diarrhea * Colitis * Crohn's * Dysentery * Hernia * Right lower quadrant * Colon: intussusception, bowel obstruction,<unk> pendicitis (McBurney's point) * Renal: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), pyelonephritis * Pelvic: cystitis, bladder stone, bladder cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic<unk>  syndrome * Gynecologic: endometriosis, intrauterine pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst, ovarian torsion, fibroid (leiomyoma), abscess, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer * Left lower quadrant * Bowel: diverticulitis, sigmoid colon volvulus, bowel obstruction, gas accumulation, Toxic megacolon * Right low back<unk>  * Liver: hepatomegaly * Kidney: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection * Left low back<unk>  * Spleen * Kidney: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection * Low back<unk>  * kidney<unk>  (kidney stone, kidney cancer, hydronephrosis) * Ureteral stone<unk>
Abdominal pain
Gallbladder flush
Rectal pain
Blood in stool
Abdominal distension
Vaginal bleeding
Chest pain
Bloating