A<unk><unk> al disorder (FND) is a condition in which patients experience<unk> al symptoms such as weakness, movement disorders, sensory symptoms and blackouts. Symptoms of<unk><unk> al disorders are clinically recognisable, but are not categorically associated with a definable organic disease. The intended contrast is with an organic brain syndrome, where a physiological cause can be identified. Subsets of<unk><unk> al disorders include<unk><unk> al symptom disorder (FNsD), conversion disorder, and psychogenic movement disorder/non-epileptic seizures.<unk> al symptoms which are unexplained by organic disease are common in<unk> al services, accounting for up to one third of outpatient neurology clinic attendances, and associated with as much self-reported disability and distress as those caused by organic<unk> al disorders. The diagnosis is made based on positive signs and symptoms in the history and examination during consultation of a<unk> t (see below). Physiotherapy is particularly helpful for patients with motor symptoms (weakness, gait disorders, movement disorders) and tailored cognitive behavioural therapy has the best evidence in patients with dissociative (non-epileptic) attacks.
Functional neurologic disorder
Basal ganglia disease
Postmenopausal confusion
Acquired brain injury
Cancer-related fatigue
Somatosensory disorder
Neurodegenerative disease
Post-encephalitic parkinsonism