Management and treatment for<unk>  depends on symptoms and biomedical diagnosis for cause of the condition. General practitioners will often refer patients to gastroenterologist to effectively manage the<unk> . Research has been conducted on a variety of therapy and treatments for<unk>  including: diet modification, laxatives, magnetic and electrical stimulation, manual evacuation of feces and abdominal massage, enemas, and pulsed irrigation evacuation (PIE). Efficacy studies for pulsed irrigation evacuation with PIEMED demonstrated favorable results, removing stool of 98% of patients who used it for ineffective<unk>  routine, symptomatic impaction, or asymptomatic impaction. In the most severe of cases of<unk>  induced fecal impaction, surgical interventions like colostomy are used to disrupt the dense mass of stool.
Neurogenic bowel dysfunction
Functional constipation
Obstructed defecation
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
Sphincter paralysis
Rectal foreign body
Athletic incontinence
Rectal prolapse