Most cases of BD are inherited through autosomal recessive mutations in ATP2A1, where each copy of the affected individual's gene contain a mutation. The gene involved in BD encodes the fast-twitch skeletal muscle ATPase, SERCA1. SERCA1 is a protein pump that uses ATP to pump Ca2+ ions from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. In those with BD, SERCA1 pumps are unable to effectively move Ca2+ across the membrane, leading to increased levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+. Increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels interfere with muscle contraction, leading to the characteristic symptoms of BD. In some cases of BD, no mutations in ATP2A1 have been observed. Disease transmission in cases of non-ATP2A1 BD have been characterized as autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. These cases have revealed that the cause of the disease likely exhibits genetic heterogeneity, meaning the disease involves mutations in other locations within the genome (although no other loci have been identified in the development of BD as of now).
Brody myopathy
Nemaline myopathy
Muscular dystrophy
Centronuclear myopathy
Bethlem myopathy
Hereditary inclusion body myopathy
Metabolic myopathy
Madras motor neuron disease