Diagnosis can be established using plain film x-rays as well as CT scan of the neck/cervical spine. Children with Down syndrome have inherently lax ligaments making them susceptible to this condition. In select cases, these children may require pre-operative imaging to assess the risk for complications after procedures such as adenoidectomy.
Grisel's syndrome
Löffler's syndrome
Weber's syndrome
Wissler's syndrome
Townes–Brocks syndrome
Teunissen–Cremers syndrome
Fowler's syndrome
Kearns–Sayre syndrome