An ampoule containing<unk>  injection 1mL/0.5mg Eyes Topical<unk>  is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils.<unk>  degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an α-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ophthalmic examination. In refractive and accommodative amblyopia, when occlusion is not appropriate sometimes<unk>  is given to induce blur in the good eye. Evidence suggests that<unk>  penalization is just as effective as occlusion in improving visual acuity. Antimuscarinic topical medication is effective in slowing myopia progression in children; accommodation difficulties and papillae and follicles are possible side-effects. All doses of<unk>  appear similarly effective, while higher doses have greater side effects. The lower dose of 0.01% is thus generally recommended due to fewer side effects and potential less rebound worsening when the<unk>  is stopped. Heart Injections of<unk>  are used in the treatment of symptomatic or unstable bradycardia.<unk>  was previously included in international resuscitation guidelines for use in cardiac arrest associated with asystole and PEA, but was removed from these guidelines in 2010 due to a lack of evidence for its effectiveness. For symptomatic bradycardia, the usual dosage is 0.5 to 1 mg IV push, may repeat every 3 to 5 minutes up to a total dose of 3 mg (maximum 0.04 mg/kg).<unk>  is also useful in treating second-degree heart block Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach block), and also third-degree heart block with a high Purkinje or AV-nodal escape rhythm. It is usually not effective in second-degree heart block Mobitz type 2, and in third-degree heart block with a low Purkinje or ventricular escape rhythm.<unk>  has also been used in an effort to prevent a low heart rate during intubation of children; however, evidence does not support this use. Secretions<unk> 's actions on the parasympathetic nervous system inhibit salivary and mucus glands. The drug may also inhibit sweating via the sympathetic nervous system. This can be useful in treating hyperhidrosis, and can prevent the death rattle of dying patients. Even though<unk>  has not been officially indicated for either of these purposes by the FDA, it has been used by physicians for these purposes. Poisonings<unk>  is not an actual antidote for organophosphate poisoning. However, by blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors,<unk>  also serves as a treatment for poisoning by organophosphate insecticides and nerve agents, such as tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), and VX. Troops who are likely to be attacked with chemical weapons often carry autoinjectors with<unk>  and an oxime, for rapid injection into the muscles of the thigh. In a developed case of nerve-gas poisoning, maximum<unk> zation is desirable.<unk>  is often used in conjunction with the oxime pralidoxime chloride. Some of the nerve agents attack and destroy acetylcholinesterase by phosphorylation, so the action of acetylcholine becomes excessive and prolonged. Pralidoxime (2-PAM) can be effective against organophosphate poisoning because it can re-cleave this phosphorylation.<unk>  can be used to reduce the effect of the poisoning by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which would otherwise be overstimulated, by excessive acetylcholine accumulation.<unk>  or diphenhydramine can be used to treat muscarine intoxication. Irinotecan induced diarrhea<unk>  has been observed to prevent or treat irinotecan induced acute diarrhea.
Atropine
Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Suxamethonium chloride
Pyridostigmine
Tripelennamine
Ephedrine
Gantacurium chloride