Historically it is said that a patient is at risk if they have: * Residual gastric volume of greater than 25ml, with * pH of less than 2.5 However these are indirect measurements and are not factors that directly influence aspiration risk. Patients with a high risk should have a rapid sequence induction. High risk is defined as these factors: # Non-elective surgical procedure # Light anaesthesia/unexpected response to stimulation # Acute or chronic, upper or lower GI pathology # Obesity # Opioid medication # Neurological disease, impaired conscious level, or sedation # Lithotomy position # Difficult intubation/airway # Gastrointestinal reflux # Hiatal hernia
Mendelson's syndrome
Nelson's syndrome
Schwartz–Matsuo syndrome
Fowler's syndrome
Young–Simpson syndrome
Pitt–Hopkins syndrome
medical cause of Wandering spleen
Grisel's syndrome