<unk> , in Boerhaave syndrome, is thought to be the result of a sudden rise in internal<unk>  pressure produced during vomiting, as a result of neuromuscular incoordination causing failure of the cricopharyngeus muscle (a sphincter within the pharynx) to relax. As the intra-oesophageal pressure increases, the bolus within the oesophagus has nowhere to go superiorly (as the cricopharyngeus fails to relax) which causes the oesophagus to<unk> . The syndrome is commonly associated with the consumption of excessive food and/or alcohol as well as eating disorders such as bulimia. The most common anatomical location of the tear in Boerhaave syndrome is at left posterolateral wall of the lower third of the esophagus, 2–3 cm before the stomach. Currently, the most common cause of<unk>  perforation is iatrogenic. However, iatrogenic perforations, while still constituting a serious medical condition, are easier to treat and less prone to complications, particularly mediastinitis and sepsis. This is because they usually do not involve contamination of the mediastinum with gastric contents.
Esophageal rupture
Acute esophageal necrosis
Esophageal stricture
Urinothorax
Chylothorax
Hemothorax
Esophageal spasm
Pulmonary hematoma