According to Madeleine Leininger, the pioneer of<unk> , it is a substantive area of study and practice that focuses on the comparative cultural values of caring, the beliefs and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures. According to MEDLINE,<unk>  is an area of expertise in<unk>  that responds to the need for developing global perspective within<unk>  practice in a world of interdependent nations and people. As a discipline, it centers on combining international and<unk>  content into the training of nurses. It includes learning cultural differences,<unk>  in other countries, international health issues, and international health organizations.
Transcultural nursing
Cross-cultural psychiatry
Photomedicine
Psychosomatic medicine
Augmentative and alternative communication
Brunonian system of medicine
Paramedicine
Cultural competency training