<unk>  deaths per million persons in 2012 Mild<unk>  Mild cases of<unk>  can be treated with: *<unk>  immunoglobulin (TIG), also called<unk>  antibodies or<unk>  antitoxin. It can be given as intravenous therapy or by intramuscular injection. * Antibiotic therapy to reduce toxin production. Metronidazole intravenous (IV) is a preferred treatment. * Benzodiazepines can be used to control muscle spasms. Options include diazepam and lorazepam, oral or IV. Severe<unk>  Severe cases will require admission to intensive care. In addition to the measures listed above for mild<unk> : * Human<unk>  immunoglobulin injected intrathecally (which increases clinical improvement from 4% to 35%) * Tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation for 3 to 4 weeks. Tracheotomy is recommended for securing the airway because the presence of an endotracheal tube is a stimulus for spasm * Magnesium sulfate, as an intravenous infusion, to control spasm and autonomic dysfunction * Diazepam as a continuous IV infusion * The autonomic effects of<unk>  can be difficult to manage (alternating hyper- and hypotension hyperpyrexia/hypothermia) and may require IV labetalol, magnesium, clonidine, or nifedipine Drugs such as diazepam or other muscle relaxants can be given to control the muscle spasms. In extreme cases it may be necessary to paralyze the person with curare-like drugs and use a mechanical ventilator. To survive a<unk>  infection, the maintenance of an airway and proper nutrition are required. An intake of 3,500 to 4,000 calories and at least 150 g of protein per day is often given in liquid form through a tube directly into the stomach (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy), or through a drip into a vein (parenteral nutrition). This high-caloric diet maintenance is required because of the increased metabolic strain brought on by the increased muscle activity. Full recovery takes 4 to 6 weeks because the body must regenerate destroyed nerve axon terminals. The antibiotic of choice is metronidazole. It can be given as intravenously, by mouth, or by rectum. Of likewise efficiency is penicillin, but some raise the concern of provoking spasms because it inhibits GABA receptor, which is already affected by<unk> pasmin.
Tetanus
Brain fever
Leukemia cutis
Metal fume fever
Polymer fume fever
Milk sickness
Enterotoxemia
Tomato fever