The<unk><unk>  connect the sperm-producing testicles to the penis. Therefore, those who are missing both<unk><unk>  are typically able to create sperm but are unable to transport them appropriately. Their semen does not contain sperm, a condition known as azoospermia. Unilateral<unk>  may not show any abnormalities in semen analysis.<unk><unk>  are less commonly palpated during routine a physical examination, hence the<unk>  may go unnoticed. Also, injury to<unk><unk>  common in surgery.<unk><unk>  may be absent on one or both sides, and in whole or in part. When only a part of<unk><unk>  is absent, it may fail to establish communication with the epididymis. In one of the largest such studies, a study of 23,013 individuals seeking for<unk> ectomy, 159 were suspected to be having UAVD. Among 159 men identified as potentially having CUAVD, 47 had only one testicle, 26 had bilateral<unk> a, and four were misdiagnosed (post-vasectomy semen analysis showing motile sperm after unilateral<unk> ectomy) leaving 82 men deemed cases of CUAVD (0.36% of total sample). 82 men were further classified as confirmed (n=48, 0.21%) and possible (n=34, 0.15%; 22 without and 12 with scrotal anomalies)<unk>  UAVD. The misdiagnosis ratio of CUAVD was low when scrotal content was otherwise normal (1:48), but higher if anomalies were present (3:12). Miller, Sarah et al. “Unilateral<unk>  of<unk><unk> : prevalence among 23.013 men seeking<unk> ectomy.”
Congenital absence of the vas deferens
Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema
Immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulin M
Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
Urethral foreign body
Ejaculatory duct obstruction
Bladder sphincter dyssynergia
Retrograde ejaculation