Drug and alcohol use during pregnancy can lead to many health problems in the fetus and infants, including NAS. The onset of clinical presentation typically appears within 48 to 72 hours of birth, but may take up to 8 days. The signs and symptoms of NAS may be different depending on which substance the mother used. Common signs and symptoms in infants with NAS may include: * Signs due to hyperactivity of the central nervous system: * Tremors (trembling) * Irritability (excessive mood crying) * Sleep problems * High-pitched crying * Muscle tightness * Hyperactive reflexes * Seizures (2% to 11%), notably this clinical sign is controversial given it does not occur in other populations experiencing opioid<unk> . * Signs due to hyperactivity of stomach and intestines: * Poor feeding and sucking reflex * Vomiting * Diarrhea * Signs due to hyperactivity of autonomous nervous system: * Fever * Sweating * Yawning, stuffy nose, and sneezing * Fast breathing
Neonatal withdrawal
Traumatic asphyxia
Neonatal encephalopathy
Positional asphyxia
Shaken baby syndrome
Neonatal seizure
Neonatal stroke
Emergence delirium