Typical<unk>  lesions have been found to be responsive to corticosteroids because of their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. They restore the blood-brain barrier and induce cell death of T-cells. No standard treatment exists, but practitioners seem to apply intravenous corticosteroids, followed by plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide in non-responsive cases Plasmapheresis has been reported to work even in the absence of response to corticosteroids Disease-modifying agents Pharmacologic treatments for MS include immunomodulators and immunosuppressants which reduce the frequency and severity of relapses by about 35% and reduce the lesion growth. Unfortunately they are mainly tested for RRMS and its effect in<unk>  lesions is unknown. The main ones are Interferon beta (IFN-beta), Glatiramer acetate and Mitoxantrone Plasma exchange has been reported to work at least in some cases Treatment of symptoms Due to the wide range of symptoms experienced by people with MS, the treatment for each MS patient varies depending on the extent of the symptoms. Spasticity The treatment of spasticity ranges from physical activity to medication. Physical activity includes stretching, aerobic exercises and relaxation techniques. Currently, there is little understanding as to why these physical activities aid in relieving spasticity. Medical treatments include baclofen, diazepam and dantrolene which is a muscle-relaxant. Dantrolene has many side effects and as such, it is usually not the first choice in treatment of spasticity. The side effects include dizziness, nausea and weakness. Fatigue Fatigue is a common symptom and affects the daily life of individuals with MS. Changes in lifestyle are usually recommended to reduce fatigue. These include taking frequent naps and implementing exercise. MS patients who smoke are also advised to stop. Pharmacological treatment include anti-depressants and caffeine. Aspirin has also been experimented with and from clinical trial data, MS patients preferred using aspirin as compared to the placebo in the test. One hypothesis is that aspirin has an effect on the hypothalamus and can affect the perception of fatigue through altering the release of neurotransmitters and the autonomic responses. Cognitive dysfunction There are no approved drugs for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, however, some treatments have shown an association with improvements in cognitive function. One such treatment is Ginkgo biloba, is a herb commonly used by patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis
CMV polyradiculomyelopathy
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
Post viral cerebellar ataxia
Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis
Malignant multiple sclerosis
Viliuisk encephalomyelitis
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy