In alopecia areata, a<unk>  follicle is attacked by the immune system. T-cells swarm the roots, killing the follicle. This causes the<unk>  to fall out and parts of the head to become bald. Alopecia areata is thought to be a systemic autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own anagen<unk>  follicles and suppresses or stops<unk>  growth. For example, T cell lymphocytes cluster around affected follicles, causing inflammation and subsequent<unk> <unk> .<unk>  follicles in a normal state are thought to be kept secure from the immune system, a phenomenon called immune privilege. A breach in this immune privilege state is considered as the cause of alopecia areata. A few cases of babies being born with congenital alopecia areata have been reported. Alopecia areata is not contagious. It occurs more frequently in people who have affected family members, suggesting heredity may be a factor. Strong evidence of genetic association with increased risk for alopecia areata was found by studying families with two or more affected members. This study identified at least four regions in the genome that are likely to contain these genes. In addition, alopecia areata shares genetic risk factors with other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and celiac disease. It may be the only manifestation of celiac disease. Endogenous retinoids metabolic defect is a key part of the pathogenesis of the alopecia areata. In 2010, a genome-wide association study was completed that identified 129 single nucleotide polymorphisms that were associated with alopecia areata. The genes that were identified include those involved in controlling the activation and proliferation of regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, interleukin-2, interleukin-2 receptor A, and Eos (also known as Ikaros family zinc finger 4), as well as the human leukocyte antigen. The study also identified two genes, PRDX5 and STX17, that are expressed in the<unk>  follicle.
medication of Hair loss
treatment of Body image disturbance
treatment of Opioid use disorder
medication of Peptic ulcer disease
medication of Gastroesophageal reflux disease
medication of Gastrointestinal bleeding
treatment of Cardiovascular disease
treatment of Gastritis