The well-established indications for the use of the CAC score include stratification of global cardiovascular risk for asymptomatic patients: intermediate risk based on the Framingham risk score (class I); low risk based on a family history of early<unk>  artery disease (CAD) (class IIa); and low-risk patients with diabetes (class IIa). In symptomatic patients, the pre-test probability should always be given weight in the interpretation of the CAC score as a filter or tool to indicate the best method to facilitate the diagnosis. Therefore, the use of the CAC score alone is limited in symptomatic patients. In patients with diabetes, the CAC score helps identify the individuals most at risk, who could benefit from screening for silent ischemia and from more aggressive clinical treatment. However,<unk>  CT angiography (CTA) is superior to<unk> ning in determining the risk of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE). There is potential to measure CAC on chest radiographs taken for other indications, possibly allowing some primary screening for<unk>  artery disease without adding to radiation exposure and with minimal marginal cost.
Coronary CT calcium scan
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging perfusion
Coronary CT angiography
Cardiac electrophysiology
Intracoronary optical coherence tomography
Impedance cardiography
ST2 cardiac biomarker
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging