Surgical Surgical<unk> methods include: * Tubal ligation in females, known popularly as "having one's tubes tied". The fallopian tubes, which allow the sperm to fertilize the ovum and would carry the fertilized ovum to the uterus, are closed. This generally involves a general anesthetic and a laparotomy or laparoscopic approach to cut, clip or cauterize the fallopian tubes. * Vasoligation in males. The vasa deferentia, the tubes that connect the testicles to the prostate, are cut and closed. This prevents sperm produced in the testicles from entering the ejaculated semen (which is mostly produced in the seminal vesicles and prostate). Although the term vasectomy is established in the general community, the correct medical terminology is vasoligation. * Hysterectomy in females. The uterus is surgically removed, permanently preventing pregnancy and some diseases, such as uterine cancer. * Castration in males. The testicles are surgically removed. This is frequently used for the<unk> of animals, but rarely for humans. It was also formerly used on some human male children for other reasons; see castrato and eunuch. Transluminal Transluminal procedures are performed by entry through the female reproductive tract. These generally use a catheter to place a substance into the fallopian tubes that eventually causes blockage of the tract in this segment. Such procedures are generally called non-surgical as they use natural orifices and thereby do not necessitate any surgical incision. *The Essure procedure is one such transluminal<unk> technique. In this procedure, polyethylene terephthalate fiber inserts are placed into the fallopian tubes, eventually inducing scarring and occlusion of the tubes. Following successful insertion and occlusional response, the Essure procedure is 99.74% effective based on five years of follow-up, with zero pregnancies reported in clinical trials. In April 2018, the FDA restricted the sale and use of Essure. On July 20, 2018, Bayer announced the halt of sales in the US by the end of 2018. *Quinacrine has also been used for transluminal<unk>  but despite a multitude of clinical studies on the use of quinacrine and female<unk>  no randomized, controlled trials have been reported to date and there is some controversy over its use. See also mepacrine. Pharmacological There is no working<unk> pill" that causes permanent inability to reproduce. In the 1977 textbook Ecoscience: Population, Resources, Environment, on page 787, the authors speculate about future possible oral sterilants for humans. In 2015, DNA editing using gene drives to sterilize mosquitos was demonstrated. There have been hoaxes involving fictitious drugs that would purportedly have such effects, notably progesterex. See also Norplant, Depo-Provera and oral contraceptive.
Sterilization 
Saponification
Detoxification
Leukoreduction
Electrochlorination
Depurination
Deworming
Surgical lubricant