Medical<unk>  is used primarily to treat pain, although its analgesic effects are subject to a ceiling effect. It has been discontinued by its corporate sponsor in Australia, although it may be available through the special access scheme. Recreational In the 1970s, recreational drug users discovered that combining<unk>  with tripelennamine (a first-generation ethylenediamine antihistamine most commonly dispensed under the brand names Pelamine and Pyribenzamine) produced a euphoric sensation. Since tripelennamine tablets are typically blue in color and brand-name<unk>  is known as Talwin (hence "Ts"), the<unk> /tripelennamine combination acquired the slang name Ts and blues. After health-care professionals and drug-enforcement officials became aware of this scenario, the mu-opioid-antagonist naloxone was added to oral preparations containing<unk>  to prevent perceived "misuse" via injection, and the reported incidence of its recreational use has declined precipitously since. Research In an open-label, add-on, single-day, acute-dose small clinical study,<unk>  was found to rapidly and substantially reduce symptoms of mania in individuals with bipolar disorder that were in the manic phase of the condition. It was postulated that the efficacy observed was due to κ-opioid receptor activation-mediated amelioration of hyperdopaminergia in the reward pathways. Minimal sedation and no side effects including psychotomimetic effects or worsening of psychosis were observed at the dose administered.
Pentazocine
Eptazocine
Esketamine
Trimetazidine
Bremazocine
Etomidate
Flumazenil
Ketamine