In general, the cause of a<unk>  metabolic acidosis is a loss of base, either a gastrointestinal loss or a renal loss. *Gastrointestinal loss of bicarbonate () * Severe diarrhea (vomiting will tend to cause hypochloraemic alkalosis) * Pancreatic fistula with loss of bicarbonate rich pancreatic fluid * Nasojejunal tube losses in the context of small bowel obstruction and loss of alkaline proximal small bowel secretions * Chronic laxative abuse *Renal causes * Proximal renal tubular acidosis with failure of resorption * Distal renal tubular acidosis with failure of secretion * Long-term use of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor such as acetazolamide *Other causes * Ingestion of ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid, or other acidifying salts * The treatment and recovery phases of diabetic ketoacidosis * Volume resuscitation with 0.9% normal saline provides a chloride load, so that infusing more than 3-4L can cause acidosis * Hyperalimentation (i.e., total parenteral nutrition)
Hyperchloremic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Normal anion gap acidosis
Alkalosis
Renal tubular acidosis
Acidosis
Lactic acidosis