The patient's oral condition is categorized based on the remaining dentition in a classification first proposed by Dr. Edward Kennedy in 1925. His classification consisted of four general outlines for<unk> ly edentulous arches that can present within a patient, which then could be treated with an<unk> . When there is an edentulous space that is outside of the four classifications, it is termed a modification space. The use of this classification allows for easier communication between dental professionals, allows for easily visualization of the arch, and distinguishes a tooth-borne or tissue-supported<unk> . *Class I (bilateral free ended<unk> ly edentulous) *Class II (unilateral free ended<unk> ly edentulous) *Class III (unilateral bounded<unk> ly edentulous) *Class IV (bilateral bounded anterior<unk> ly edentulous) Kennedy Class I<unk> s are fabricated for people who are missing some or all of their posterior teeth on both sides (left and right) in a single arch (either mandibular or maxillary), and there are no teeth posterior to the edentulous area. In other words, Class I<unk> s clasp onto teeth that are more towards the front of the mouth, while replacing the missing posterior teeth on both sides with false<unk>  teeth. The<unk>  teeth are composed of either plastic or porcelain. Class II<unk> s are fabricated for people who are missing some or all of their posterior teeth on one side (left or right) in a single arch, and there are no teeth behind the edentulous area. Thus, Class II<unk> s clasp onto teeth that are more towards the front of the mouth, as well as on teeth that are more towards the back of the mouth of the side on which teeth are not missing, while replacing the missing more-back-of-the-mouth teeth on one side with false<unk>  teeth. Class III<unk> s are fabricated for people who are missing some teeth in such a way that the edentulous area has teeth remaining both posterior and anterior to it. Unlike Class I and Class II<unk> s which are both tooth-and-tissue-borne (meaning they both clasp onto teeth, as well as rest on the posterior edentulous area for support), Class III<unk> s are strictly tooth-borne, which means they only clasp onto teeth and do not need to rest on the tissue for added support. This makes Class III<unk> s exceedingly more secure as per the three rules of<unk>  prostheses that will be mentioned later, namely: support, stability and retention. (See the article on<unk> s for a more thorough review of these three fundamentals of<unk>  prosthodontics.) However, if the edentulous area described in the previous paragraph crosses the anterior midline (that is, at least both central incisors are missing), the<unk>  is classified as a Class IV<unk> . By definition, a Kennedy Class IV<unk>  design will possess only one edentulous area. Class I, II and III<unk> s that have multiple edentulous areas in which replacement teeth are being placed are further classified with modification states that were defined by Oliver C. Applegate. Kennedy classification is governed by the most posterior edentulous area that is being restored. Thus if, for example, a maxillary arch is missing teeth #1, 3, 7-10 and 16, the<unk>  would be Kennedy Class III mod 1. It would not be Class I, because missing third molars are generally not restored in an<unk>  (although if they were, the classification would indeed be Class I), and it would not be Class IV, because modification spaces are not allowed for Kennedy Class IV. The results of a study conducted in Saudi Arabia, showed that the occurrence of Kennedy Class III<unk>  edentulism was 67.2% in the maxillary arch and 64.1% in the mandibular arch. Followed by Class II in both maxillary and mandibular arch with an average of 16.3% in maxillary arch and 14.8% in the mandibular arch. Based on these results, class III has the highest prevalence in younger group of patient (31– 40 years). Class I and class II have the highest incidence among older group of Patients (41–50 years).
Removable partial denture
Palatal lift prosthesis
Dental vibration appliance
Facial implant
Facial prosthetic
Craniofacial prosthesis
Voice therapy
Elastic therapeutic tape