Constipation<unk>  is used in the treatment of chronic constipation in patients of all ages as a long-term treatment. The dosage of<unk>  for chronic idiopathic constipation is adjusted depending on the constipation severity and desired effect, from a mild stool softener to causing diarrhea.<unk>  is contraindicated in case of galactosemia, as most preparations contain the monosaccharide galactose due to its synthesis process.<unk>  may be used to counter the constipating effects of opioids, and in the symptomatic treatment of hemorrhoids as a stool softener.<unk>  is commonly prescribed for children who develop fear of their bowel movements and are withholders. This is because<unk> , when dosed in the proper amount, causes a bowel movement that is impossible to retain for very long.<unk>  is also used for the elderly because of its gentle and consistent results. Hyperammonemia<unk>  is useful in treating hyperammonemia (high blood ammonia), which can lead to hepatic encephalopathy.<unk>  helps trap the ammonia (NH3) in the colon and bind to it. It does this by using gut flora to acidify the colon, transforming the freely diffusible ammonia into ammonium ions (), which can no longer diffuse back into the blood. It is also useful for preventing hyperammonemia caused as a side effect of administration of valproic acid. Small intestine bacterial overgrowth<unk>  is used as a test of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Recently, the reliability of it for diagnosing SIBO has been seriously questioned. A large amount of it is given with subsequent testing of molecular hydrogen gas in the breath. The test is positive if an increase in exhaled hydrogen occurs before that which would be expected by normal digestion by the normal gut flora in the colon. An earlier result has been hypothesized to indicate digestion occurring within the small intestine. An alternate explanation for differences in results is the variance in small bowel transit time among tested subjects. Pregnancy No evidence of harm to the baby has been found when used during pregnancy. It is generally regarded as safe during breastfeeding.
Lactulose
Sucralfate
Loperamide
Rifaximin
Semper rehydration solution
Sodium hydroxide
Activated charcoal 
Cimetidine