In children, the most common cause is a stroke of the ventral pons. Unlike persistent vegetative state, in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lower portions are spared,<unk>  is essentially the opposite, caused by damage to specific portions of the lower brain and brainstem, with no damage to the upper brain. Possible causes of<unk>  include: * Poisoning cases – More frequently from a krait bite and other neurotoxic venoms, as they cannot usually cross the blood–brain barrier * Brainstem stroke * Diseases of the circulatory system * Medication overdose * Damage to nerve cells, particularly destruction of the myelin sheath, caused by disease or osmotic demyelination syndrome (formerly designated central pontine myelinolysis) secondary to excessively rapid correction of hyponatremia >1 mEq/L/h) * A stroke or brain hemorrhage, usually of the basilar artery * Traumatic brain injury * Result from lesion of the brain-stem Curare poisoning mimics a total<unk>  by causing paralysis of all voluntarily controlled skeletal muscles. The respiratory muscles are also paralyzed, but the victim can be kept alive by artificial respiration.
Locked-in syndrome
Say–Meyer syndrome
Nicolau–Balus syndrome
Achard syndrome
Cole-Carpenter syndrome
Dorian Gray syndrome
Shapiro syndrome
Lamb-Shaffer syndrome