The inferior glenohumeral ligament attaches to the glenoid labrum(cartilage which surrounds the "shoulder socket") at one end, and at the other end attaches to the anatomic neck of the humerus(the section of the humerus which is directly below the head of the humerus which rotates within the "shoulder socket"). In between these two attachment points the ligament droops down to give the appearance of a U, wherein(on the right side of the body), the left end of the U is its attachment to the humerus, and the right end is its attachment to the glenoid labrum. Excessive stress on the inferior glenohumeral ligament, often due to physical trauma, can cause the end attached to the humerus to detach and fall down, transforming the U-shaped appearance of the ligament into a J-shaped appearance called the "J" Sign. On the left side of the body—where it is the right side of the ligament which is attached to humerus— the U becomes a reverse "J" Sign. Imaging (MRI) is the best modality for diagnosis where the presence of the "J" sign on an MRI indicates that this detachment has occurred. Clinical differential diagnosis of anterior shoulder instability include: *Bankart lesions *Anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve<unk> s *glenolabral articular disruption (GLAD) lesions *HAGL
Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament injury of the elbow
Biceps tendon rupture
Rotator cuff tear
Biceps femoris tendon rupture
Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis
Quadriceps tendon rupture
Medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus