A<unk>  is a<unk>  that causes an adverse reaction to alcohol leading to nausea, vomiting, flushing, dizziness, throbbing headache, chest and abdominal discomfort, and general hangover-like symptoms among others. These effects are caused by accumulation of acetaldehyde, a major but toxic metabolite of alcohol formed by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. The reaction has been variously termed a<unk> -like reaction, alcohol intolerance, and acetaldehyde syndrome. The prototypical<unk>  of this group is<unk>  (brand name Antabuse), which acts as an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, preventing the metabolism of acetaldehyde into acetic acid, and is used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. A variety of other<unk> s cause<unk> -like reactions upon consumption of alcohol as unintended<unk>  interactions and side effects. Many<unk> s act as inhibitors of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase similarly to<unk> . However, some do not act via inhibition of this enzyme, and instead act via other, poorly elucidated mechanisms. Unlike acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors and other<unk> s, alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors such as fomepizole (brand name Antizol) inhibit the metabolism of alcohol into acetaldehyde, thereby increasing and extending the effects of alcohol and reducing its toxicity. As such, they can be thought of as converses of<unk> s. Fomepizole is used medically as an antidote against methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning.
Disulfiram-like drug
New chemical entity
Peripherally selective drug
Toxicant
Perfluorinated compound
Amphetamine type stimulant
Toxic heavy metal
Substituted amphetamine