<unk>  can only occur in dual chamber or biventricular<unk> . It happens less often in more recent models of dual chamber<unk> s due to the addition of a ventricular blanking period, which coincides with the atrial stimulus. This helps to prevent ventricular channel oversensing of atrial output. Newer dual chamber<unk> s also use bipolar leads with a smaller pacing spike, and steroid eluting leads with lower pacing thresholds.<unk>  is more common in unipolar systems since they require a larger pacing spike.<unk>  is sometimes referred to as<unk>  inhibition, far-field sensing, or self-inhibition. In some cases,<unk>  can occur in the pulse generator circuit itself, though more common causes include atrial lead dislodgement into the ventricle, ventricular lead dislodgement into the atrium, high atrial output current, high ventricular sensitivity, and short ventricular blanking period.
Pacemaker crosstalk
Myocardial stunning
Bundle branch block
Re-entry ventricular arrhythmia
Pre-excitation syndrome
Ectopic pacemaker
Ventricular remodeling
Junctional rhythm