Global distribution of<unk> <unk>  virus (2006)<unk> V was first isolated from a<unk> ish 37-year-old woman at Omogo in the<unk> <unk>  District of Uganda in 1937 during research on yellow<unk>  virus. A series of serosurveys in 1939 in central Africa found anti-WNV positive results ranging from 1.4% (Congo) to 46.4% (White<unk>  region, Sudan). It was subsequently identified in Egypt (1942) and India (1953), a 1950 serosurvey in Egypt found 90% of those over 40 years in age had<unk> V antibodies. The ecology was characterized in 1953 with studies in Egypt and Israel. The virus became recognized as a cause of<unk> e human meningoencephalitis in elderly patients during an outbreak in Israel in 1957. The disease was first noted in horses in Egypt and France in the early 1960s and found to be widespread in southern Europe, southwest Asia and Australia. The first appearance of<unk> V in the<unk> ern Hemisphere was in 1999 with encephalitis reported in humans, dogs, cats, and horses, and the subsequent spread in the United States may be an important milestone in the evolving history of this virus. The American outbreak began in College Point, Queens in New York City and was later spread to the neighboring states of New Jersey and Connecticut. The virus is believed to have entered in an infected bird or mosquito, although there is no clear evidence.<unk> <unk>  virus is now endemic in Africa, Europe, the Middle East,<unk>  and central Asia, Oceania (subtype Kunjin), and most recently, North America and is spreading into Central and South America. Outbreaks of<unk> <unk>  virus encephalitis in humans have occurred in Algeria (1994), Romania (1996 to 1997), the Czech Republic (1997), Congo (1998), Russia (1999), the United States (1999 to 2009), Canada (1999–2007), Israel (2000) and Greece (2010). Epizootics of disease in horses occurred in Morocco (1996), Italy (1998), the United States (1999 to 2001), and France (2000), Mexico (2003) and Sardinia (2011). Outdoor workers (including biological fieldworkers, construction workers, farmers, landscapers, and painters), healthcare personnel, and laboratory personnel who perform necropsies on animals are at risk of contracting<unk> V. In 2012, the US experienced one of its worst epidemics in which 286 people died, with the state of Texas being hard hit by this virus. Weather Drought has been associated with a higher number of<unk> <unk>  virus cases in the following year. As drought can decrease fish and other populations that eat mosquito eggs, higher numbers of mosquitoes can result. Higher temperatures are linked to decreased time for replication and increased viral load in birds and mosquitoes.
West Nile fever
Chikungunya
Brain fever
Zika fever
Dengue fever
Malaria
Blackwater fever
Argentine hemorrhagic fever