Micrograph showing a<unk>  (Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis). H&E stain. FDG-PET/CT * Laboratory tests of blood or body fluids are performed for patients with active<unk> . Their results will generally show signs of inflammation in the body, such as increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), anemia, increased white blood cell count and eosinophilia. Other possible findings are elevated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) levels and hematuria. * Other organ functional tests may be abnormal. Specific abnormalities depend on the degree of various organs involvement. A Brain SPECT can show decreased blood flow to the brain and brain damage. * The definite diagnosis of<unk>  is established after a biopsy of involved organ or tissue, such as skin, sinuses, lung, nerve, brain, and kidney. The biopsy elucidates the pattern of blood vessel inflammation. :*Some types of<unk>  display leukocytoclasis, which is vascular damage caused by nuclear debris from infiltrating neutrophils. It typically presents as palpable purpura. Conditions with leucocytoclasis mainly include hypersensitivity<unk>  (also called leukocytoclastic<unk>  and cutaneous small-vessel<unk>  (also called cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis). * An alternative to biopsy can be an angiogram (x-ray test of the blood vessels). It can demonstrate characteristic patterns of inflammation in affected blood vessels. * 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT)has become a widely used imaging tool in patients with suspected Large Vessel<unk> , due to the enhanced glucose metabolism of inflamed vessel walls. The combined evaluation of the intensity and the extension of FDG vessel uptake at diagnosis can predict the clinical course of the disease, separating patients with favourable or complicated progress. * Acute onset of<unk> -like symptoms in small children or babies may instead be the life-threatening purpura fulminans, usually associated with severe infection. + Laboratory Investigation of<unk>  Syndromes Disease Serologic test Antigen Associated laboratory features Systemic lupus erythematosus ANA including antibodies to dsDNA and ENA including SM, Ro (SSA), La (SSB), and RNP Nuclear antigens Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, Coombs' test, complement activation: low serum concentrations of C3 and C4, positive immunofluorescence using Crithidia luciliae as substrate, antiphospholipid antibodies (i.e. anticardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant, false-positive VDRL) Goodpasture's disease Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody Epitope on noncollagen domain of type IV collagen Small vessel<unk>  Microscopic polyangiitis Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody Myeloperoxidase Elevated CRP Granulomatosis with polyangiiitis Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody Proteinase 3 (PR3) Elevated CRP Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in some cases Myeloperoxidase Elevated CRP and eosinophilia IgA<unk>  (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) None Cryoglobulinemia Cryoglobulins, rheumatoid factor, complement components, hepatitis C Medium vessel<unk>  Classical polyarteritis nodosa None Elevated CRP and eosinophilia Kawasaki's Disease None Elevated CRP and ESR In this table: ANA = Antinuclear antibodies, CRP = C-reactive protein, ESR = Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, dsDNA = double-stranded DNA, ENA = extractable nuclear antigens, RNP = ribonucleoproteins; VDRL = Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
Vasculitis
Eosinophilic cellulitis
Venous thrombosis
Neuritis
Atherosclerosis
Coronary thrombosis
Lymphangitis
Microvasculitis