Tests usually include imaging using MRI. Findings include breakdown of bone and thickening of the pituitary stalk. The perivascular space may appear prominent, the pituitary gland cystic and there may be signs in the white matter, a mass in the hypothalamus and enhancement of the meninges. X-ray findings typically demonstrate sharp "punched out" lesions in the skull. The destruction of alveolar bone is usually more generalised and may appear as displaced teeth. Blood tests may show anaemia, and less commonly a low white blood<unk>  count and low platelet count. Other useful tests might include a PET scan. Diagnosis is confirmed by tissue biopsy.
Chronic multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Progressive nodular histiocytoma
Progressive nodular histiocytosis
Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity
Skin manifestations of sarcoidosis
Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa
AIDS-related lymphoma
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour