Human food additive<unk>  is a food additive used as an emulsifier and thickener with the E number E425(ii).<unk> -rich salep powder is responsible for the unique textural properties of salep dondurma, a mastic-flavored stretchable and chewy ice cream of Turkish origin. Konjac, also rich in<unk> , is widely used for its jelly-like texture. It found use in shirataki noodles, in fruit jellies snacks (with choking risk), and as a substitute for gelatin. Human dietary supplement<unk>  is an ingredient in a variety of dietary supplement products marketed with claims that they aid in weight loss, but medical research has found no good evidence to support its use for this purpose. The claim is that it makes a gel when mixed with water, which can take up space in the stomach and linger there longer than water alone would, inducing a person to feel full after having eaten a smaller amount of food. In Europe and Canada,<unk>  dietary supplements can be marketed with claims to lower cholesterol levels and to relieve constipation. Data from a randomized controlled clinical trial suggests that<unk>  dietary supplements help regulate the hormone ghrelin and might help control appetite in people with Type II Diabetes. Health risks A health advisory was released by Health Canada stating the following: "Natural health products containing the ingredient<unk>  in tablet, capsule or powder form, which are currently on the Canadian market, have a potential for harm if taken without at least 250 ml or 8 ounces of water or other fluid. The risk includes choking and/or blockage of the throat, esophagus or intestine, according to international adverse reaction case reports. It is also important to note that these products should not be taken immediately before going to bed." Other adverse effects include diarrhea, belching, and bloating; in one study people taking<unk> s had higher triglyceride levels. Consumer issues Several companies have been determined by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to have, at some time, violated the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The companies include Vitacost, PediaLean, Herbal Worldwide Holdings, BioTrim, and others. The company Obesity Research Institute, the marketer of FiberThin, Zylotrim, Propolene and Lipozene, settled FTC charges that their misleading weight-loss claims violated federal laws by agreeing to pay $1.5 million in consumer redress. In 2001, a number of jelly-type candy products containing konjac-derived<unk>  were barred from import by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration due to choking hazards. Dietary supplements for animals It is also used as dietary supplement for farmed animals in order to help them gain more weight from food, called the feed conversion ratio. The effect of mannan oligosaccharides on animal performance was analysed in meta-analyses for poultry, pigs, and calves.
Glucomannan
Lipoarabinomannan
Mirificin
Lecithin
Cerebroside
Methyl cellulose
Titratable acid
Niquitin