Thyroidectomy and dissection of central neck compartment is initial step in treatment of<unk>  in the majority of cases. Thyroid-preserving operations may be applied in cases, when<unk>  exhibits low biological aggressiveness (e.g. well-differentiated<unk> , no evidence of lymph-node metastases, low MIB-1 index, no major genetic alterations like BRAF mutations, RET/PTC rearrangements, p53 mutations etc.) in patients younger than 45 years. If the diagnosis of well-differentiated<unk>  (e.g. papillary<unk>  is established or suspected by FNA, then surgery is indicated, whereas watchful waiting strategy is not recommended in any evidence-based guidelines. Watchful waiting reduces overdiagnosis and overtreatment of<unk>  among old patients. Radioactive iodine-131 is used in people with papillary or follicular<unk>  for ablation of residual thyroid tissue after surgery and for the treatment of<unk> . Patients with medullary, anaplastic, and most Hurthle-cell<unk> s do not benefit from this therapy. External irradiation may be used when the<unk>  is unresectable, when it recurs after resection, or to relieve pain from bone metastasis. Sorafenib and lenvatinib are approved for advanced metastatic<unk> . Numerous agents are in phase II and III clinical trials. Post surgical monitoring for recurrence or metastasis may include routine ultrasound, CT scans, FDG-PET/CT, radioactive iodine whole body scans, and routine laboratory blood tests for changes in thyrogolubin, thyroglobuilin antibodies, or calcitonin, depending on the variant of<unk> .
Thyroid cancer
Metastasis
Papillary thyroid cancer
Thyroid nodule
Thyroid lymphoma
Medullary thyroid cancer
Thyroid neoplasm
Follicular thyroid cancer