Differential diagnoses Differential diagnosis is rarely difficult in adults. Onset is typically sudden with symptoms of horizontal diplopia. Limitations of eye movements are confined to abduction of the affected eye (or abduction of both eyes if bilateral) and the size of the resulting convergent squint or esotropia is always larger on distance fixation - where the lateral recti are more active - than on near fixation - where the medial recti are dominant. Abduction limitations that mimic VIth<unk>  palsy may result secondary to surgery, to trauma or as a result of other conditions such as myasthenia gravis or thyroid eye disease. In children, differential diagnosis is more difficult because of the problems inherent in getting infants to cooperate with a full eye movement investigation. Possible alternative diagnosis for an abduction deficit would include: 1. Mobius syndrome - a rare congenital disorder in which both VIth and VIIth<unk> s are bilaterally affected giving rise to a typically 'expressionless' face. 2. Duane syndrome - A condition in which both abduction and adduction are affected arising as a result of partial innervation of the lateral rectus by branches from the IIIrd oculomotor cranial<unk> . 3. Cross fixation which develops in the presence of infantile esotropia or nystagmus blockage syndrome and results in habitual weakness of lateral recti. 4. Iatrogenic injury. Abducens<unk>  palsy is also known to occur with halo orthosis placement. The resultant palsy is identified through loss of lateral gaze after application of the orthosis and is the most common cranial<unk>  injury associated with this device.
Sixth nerve palsy
Fourth nerve palsy
Facial nerve paralysis
Central facial palsy
Bulbar palsy
Ulnar neuropathy
Median nerve palsy
Axillary nerve palsy