Underlying problems (e.g. craniocervical junction abnormalities, postoperative scarring, spinal tumors) are corrected when possible. Surgical decompression of the foramen magnum and upper cervical cord is the only useful treatment, but surgery usually cannot reverse severe neurologic deterioration.
Syrinx 
Optician
Optic stalk
Optic recess
Ateronon
Microgyrus
Cauliflower ear
Otic vesicle