Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation<unk>  is a rare condition whose etiology is currently unknown.<unk>  mainly affects the endocrine system and autonomic nervous system, but patients can exhibit a variety of signs. Patients present with both alveolar hypoventilation along with hypothalamic dysfunction, which distinguishes<unk>  from congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS).<unk>  is a rare disease, with only 100 reported cases worldwide thus far. The first sign of<unk>  is a rapid weight gain between 1.5 and 11 years of age. Typically, hypoventilation, or abnormally slow breathing, presents after the rapid onset obesity. Symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction present in a variety of ways, but in order for a diagnosis of<unk>  they must be present in some form. Approximately 40% of patients will develop neuroendocrine tumors. There is also a possibility of behavioral disorders, but some children with<unk>  have normal cognitive development and intelligence. Treatment plans for<unk>  vary depending on each patient's symptoms. There is no cure, so treatment is geared toward managing the symptoms that each patient manifests.<unk>  is fatal in 50-60% of cases when undiagnosed and untreated, due to cardiopulmonary arrest secondary to untreated hypoventilation. The earlier the disease is diagnosed and treatment starts, the better a child's prognosis is.
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