Diseases *Bacterial meningitis; an aminoglycoside can be added to increase efficacy against Gram-negative meningitis bacteria *Endocarditis by enterococcal strains (off-label use); often given with an aminoglycoside *Gastrointestinal infections caused by contaminated water or food (for example, by Salmonella) *Genito-urinary tract infections *Healthcare-associated infections that are related to infections from using urinary catheters and that are unresponsive to other medications *Otitis media (middle ear infection) *Prophylaxis (i.e. to prevent infection) in those who previously had rheumatic heart disease or are undergoing dental procedures, vaginal hysterectomies, or C-sections. It is also used in pregnant woman who are carriers of group B streptococci to prevent early-onset neonatal infections. *Respiratory infections, including bronchitis, pharyngitis *Sinusitis *Sepsis *Whooping cough, to prevent and treat secondary infections<unk>  used to also be used to treat gonorrhea, but there are now too many strains resistant to penicillins. Bacteria<unk>  is used to treat infections by many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was the first "broad spectrum" penicillin with activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, some isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (but not penicillin-resistant or methicillin-resistant strains), Trueperella, and some Enterococcus. It is one of the few antibiotics that works against multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium. Activity against Gram-negative bacteria includes Neisseria meningitidis, some Haemophilus influenzae, and some of the Enterobacteriaceae (though most Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas are resistant). Its spectrum of activity is enhanced by co-administration of sulbactam, a drug that inhibits beta lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria to inactivate<unk>  and related antibiotics. It is sometimes used in combination with other antibiotics that have different mechanisms of action, like vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline. Available forms<unk>  can be administered by mouth, an intramuscular injection (shot) or by intravenous infusion. The oral form, available as capsules or oral suspensions, is not given as an initial treatment for severe infections, but rather as a follow-up to an IM or IV injection. For IV and IM injections,<unk>  is kept as a powder that must be reconstituted. IV injections must be given slowly, as rapid IV injections can lead to convulsive seizures. Specific populations<unk>  is one of the most used drugs in pregnancy, and has been found to be generally harmless both by the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. (which classified it as category B) and the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia (which classified it as category A). It is the drug of choice for treating Listeria monocytogenes in pregnant women, either alone or combined with an aminoglycoside. Pregnancy increases the clearance of<unk>  by up to 50%, and a higher dose is thus needed to reach therapeutic levels.<unk>  crosses the placenta and remains in the amniotic fluid at 50–100% of the concentration in maternal plasma; this can lead to high concentrations of<unk>  in the newborn. While lactating mothers secrete some<unk>  into their breast milk, the amount is minimal. In newborns,<unk>  has a longer half-life and lower plasma protein binding. The clearance by the kidneys is lower, as kidney function has not fully developed.
Ampicillin
Meropenem
Methicillin
Resistin
Cefotaxime
Vancomycin
Erythromycin
Natamycin