<unk>  is a human erythropoietin produced in cell culture using recombinant DNA technology. Authorised by the European Medicines Agency on 28 August 2007, it stimulates erythropoiesis (increasing red blood cell levels) and is used to treat anemia, commonly associated with chronic kidney failure and cancer chemotherapy.<unk>  is manufactured and marketed by Amgen under the trade name Epogen. Johnson & Johnson subsidiary Janssen Biotech (formerly Ortho Biotech Products, LP), sells the same drug under the name Procrit, pursuant to a product license agreement. The average cost per patient in the U.S. was $8,447 in 2009. Darbepoetin<unk>  (rINN) is a glycosylation analog of erythropoietin containing two additional N-linked carbohydrate chains, also manufactured and marketed by Amgen, with a trade name of Aranesp. The FDA warnings and safety precautions for Procrit, Epogen and Aranesp are identical. For several years,<unk>  has accounted for the single greatest drug expenditure paid by the U.S. Medicare system; in 2010, the program paid $2 billion for the drug. Raising hemoglobin levels has been found in some studies to be associated with higher risks of thrombotic events, strokes and death. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Epoetin alfa
Hexyl aminolevulinate hydrochloride
Eutropoflavin
Mucrocetin
Epoetin beta
Immunoisolate
Ovoferrin
Retinol