<unk>  treatment administered on back of the hand Hypersensitivity Some iron preparations can trigger anaphylaxis in patients with certain allergies. Serious hypersensitivity including anaphylactic reactions have been reported with the use of high molecular weight iron dextran for<unk> s. The use of high molecular weight iron dextran has now been abandoned. Patients using Venofer for iron deficiency and anaemia in chronic kidney disease have reported experiences of hypotension, shock and loss of consciousness. Newer preparations have largely alleviated any association with anaphylaxis. The risk of hypersensitivity with the use of iron sucrose being one in five thousand. Medicines are prescribed to patients who have experienced hypersensitive reactions to IV iron<unk> s in the past to prevent this from reoccurring. Simple recommendations to minimise the risk is slow administration accompanied by careful patient monitoring during and after the<unk> . Infection Any form of<unk><unk>  carries the risk of infection. Risk is heightened when the equipment being used is not properly sterilised. In<unk> s, free iron has been shown to potentiate bacterial growth. Evidence associated with<unk>  iron therapy and infection is inconclusive. Newer<unk>  iron preparations with low free iron concentrations limit the potential risk of infection. It is advised that iron preparations with high free iron concentrations are avoided. Cutaneous reactions<unk> s can cause skin rash, hives, itchiness and flush. Skin staining and discolouration can occur at the site of<unk>  if the iron and saline solution leaks outside the vein into the surrounding tissue. Skin discolouration can be semi-permanent or permanent. Hypothermia Patients are at risk of hypothermia since large amounts of cold fluid are being infused directly into the bloodstream at a rapid rate. This dramatic change in temperature may prompt other side effects such as chest pain, irregular breathing and muscles aches and pains. Myalgia Patients may experience pains and aches of the muscles, specifically in areas near the spine. Myalgia side effects can occur up to one or two days after the treatment takes place. Hypophosphatemia IV iron<unk> s can induce hypophosphatemia by raising plasma levels of the phosphaturic hormone FGF-23. Such reactions more often occur after iron carboxymaltose than after other i. v. iron compounds. Asthmatic reactions IV iron<unk> s can trigger dyspnoea, wheezing and chest pain in patients who suffer from asthma. Gastrointestinal reactions IV<unk> s can bring on nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain or cramps and vomiting.
Intravenous iron infusion
Intravenous ascorbic acid
Activated charcoal cleanse
Iron preparation
Granulocyte transfusion
Phlebotomy
Hemotherapy
Autologous blood therapy