Acute<unk>  is usually transient and self-limiting. Supportive treatment includes rest, normothermia and transfusion when indicated. Intensive care for the development of acute kidney injury should be offered. Plasmapheresis is proposed to be an adjunctive measure to facilitate recovery. Steroids and other immunosuppressants are sometimes administered and the beneficial effect is uncertain. Immunotherapy is considered in refractory to corticosteroids and immunosuppression. Monoclonal antibodies e.g. rituximab (anti-CD20) and eculizumab (anti-C5) have been used but the therapeutic benefits are controversial. Antibiotic therapy should be given if syphilitic cause is confirmed, while investigations and management for hematological malignancies should be pursued in adult patients with unexplained<unk> .
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Hereditary spherocytosis
Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Congenital hemolytic anemia
Trimethylaminuria
Hemoglobin Lepore syndrome
Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin