1.<unk> , 2. Tether (one per side), 3. Helmet anchor (one per side), and 4. Shoulder support. Primarily made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer, the<unk>  is shaped like a "U", with the back of the "U" set behind the nape of the neck and the two arms lying flat along the top of the chest over the pectoral muscles. The<unk> , in general, is supported by the shoulders. It is attached only to the helmet, not to the belts, the driver's body, or the seat; the helmet is attached to the<unk>  with the help of an anchor on each side, much like the Hutchens<unk> , but placed slightly back. In a properly installed 5- or 6-point racing harness, the belts that cross the driver's upper body pass directly over the<unk>  on the driver's shoulders and buckle at the center of the driver's abdomen. Therefore, the<unk>  is secured by the body of the driver, not the seat. The purpose of the<unk>  is to keep the head from whipping in a crash, preventing excessive rotational movement as a secondary protection, without otherwise restricting movement of the neck. In other words, it allows the wearer's head to move normally, but prevents or restricts head movements during a crash that would exceed the normal articulation range of the musculoskeletal system and cause severe injury. In any kind of crash, the person's body, which is not protected, is decelerated by the seat belt, with the head maintaining velocity until it is decelerated by the neck. The<unk>  maintains the relative position of the head to the body, in addition to transferring energy to the much stronger chest, torso, shoulder, seat belts, and seat as the head is decelerated.
HANS device
Odon device
Toftness device
Bag valve mask
Bifocals
Hug machine
Dental dam
Papoose board