A diagnosis of<unk>  is generally made through observation and measurement. Idiopathic causes, such as vertebral wedging or other abnormalities, can be confirmed through X-ray. Osteoporosis, a potential cause of<unk> , can be confirmed with a bone density scan. Postural thoracic<unk>  can often be treated with posture reeducation and focused strengthening exercises. Idiopathic thoracic<unk>  due to vertebral wedging, fractures, or vertebral abnormalities is more difficult to manage, since assuming a correct posture may not be possible with structural changes in the vertebrae. Children who have not completed their growth may show long-lasting improvements with bracing. Exercises may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort associated with overstretched back muscles. A variety of gravity-assisted positions or gentle traction can minimize pain associated with nerve root impingement. Surgery may be recommended for severe idiopathic<unk> . Brace Body braces showed benefit in a randomised controlled trial. The Milwaukee brace is one particular body brace that is often used to treat<unk>  in the US. Modern CAD/CAM braces are used in Europe to treat different types of<unk> . These are much easier to wear and have better in-brace corrections than reported for the Milwaukee brace. Since there are different curve patterns (thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar), different types of brace are in use, with different advantages and disadvantages. Image:kyphosis brace1.Modern brace for the treatment of a thoracic<unk> . The brace is constructed using a CAD/CAM device. Image:kyphosis brace 3.Modern brace for the treatment of lumbar or thoracolumbar<unk> . The brace is constructed using a CAD/CAM device. Restoration of the lumbar lordosis is the main aim. Physical therapy In Germany, a standard treatment for both Scheuermann's disease and lumbar<unk>  is the Schroth method, a system of physical therapy for scoliosis and related spinal deformities. It involves lying supine, placing a pillow under the scapular region and posteriorly stretching the cervical spine. In China, many people use spinal care mattresses to correct<unk>  while sleeping. Surgery Surgical treatment can be used in severe cases. In patients with progressive kyphotic deformity due to vertebral collapse, a procedure called a kyphoplasty may arrest the deformity and relieve the pain. Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure, requiring only a small opening in the skin. The main goal is to return the damaged vertebra as close as possible to its original height.
Kyphosis
Protothecosis
Sycosis
Botryomycosis
Invasive candidiasis
Black rot 
Tomato fever
Otomycosis