Frontal view of an inguinal<unk>  (right). Incarcerated umbilical<unk>  with surrounding inflammation By far the most common<unk> s develop in the abdomen when a weakness in the abdominal wall evolves into a localized hole, or "defect", through which adipose tissue, or abdominal organs covered with peritoneum, may protrude. Another common<unk>  involves the spinal discs and causes sciatica. A hiatus<unk>  occurs when the stomach protrudes into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.<unk> s may or may not present with either pain at the site, a visible or palpable lump, or in some cases more vague symptoms resulting from pressure on an organ that has become "stuck" in the<unk> , sometimes leading to organ dysfunction. Fatty tissue usually enters a<unk>  first, but it may be followed or accompanied by an organ.<unk> s are caused by a disruption or opening in the fascia, or fibrous tissue, which forms the abdominal wall. It is possible for the bulge associated with a<unk>  to come and go, but the defect in the tissue will persist. Symptoms and signs vary depending on the type of<unk> . Symptoms may or may not be present in some inguinal<unk> s. In the case of reducible<unk> s, a bulge in the groin or in another abdominal area can often be seen and felt. When standing, such a bulge becomes more obvious. Besides the bulge, other symptoms include pain in the groin that may also include a heavy or dragging sensation, and in men, there is sometimes pain and swelling in the scrotum around the testicular area. Irreducible abdominal<unk> s or incarcerated<unk> s may be painful, but their most relevant symptom is that they cannot return to the abdominal cavity when pushed in. They may be chronic, although painless, and can lead to strangulation (loss of blood supply), obstruction (kinking of intestine), or both. Strangulated<unk> s are always painful and pain is followed by tenderness. Nausea, vomiting, or fever may occur in these cases due to bowel obstruction. Also, the<unk>  bulge, in this case, may turn red, purple or dark and pink. In the diagnosis of abdominal<unk> s, imaging is the principal means of detecting internal diaphragmatic and other nonpalpable or unsuspected<unk> s. Multidetector CT (MDCT) can show with precision the anatomic site of the<unk>  sac, the contents of the sac, and any complications. MDCT also offers clear detail of the abdominal wall allowing wall<unk> s to be identified accurately. Complications Complications may arise post-operation, including rejection of the mesh that is used to repair the<unk> . In the event of a mesh rejection, the mesh will very likely need to be removed. Mesh rejection can be detected by obvious, sometimes localized swelling and pain around the mesh area. Continuous discharge from the scar is likely for a while after the mesh has been removed. A surgically treated<unk>  can lead to complications such as inguinodynia, while an untreated<unk>  may be complicated by: * Inflammation * Obstruction of any lumen, such as bowel obstruction in intestinal<unk> s * Strangulation * Hydrocele of the<unk> l sac * Hemorrhage * Autoimmune problems * Irreducibility or Incarceration, in which it cannot be reduced, or pushed back into place, at least not without very much external effort. In intestinal<unk> s, this also substantially increases the risk of bowel obstruction and strangulation.
Hernia
Bartholin's cyst
Abscess
Hip fracture
Adhesion 
Baby colic
Volvulus
Venous leak