<unk>  refers to the situation that results when a<unk>  heals out of rotational alignment from another<unk> , or part of<unk> . It often occurs as the result of a surgical complication after a fracture where intramedullary nailing (IMN) occurs, especially in the femur and tibial<unk> s, but can also occur genetically at birth. The severity of this complication is often neglected due to its complexity to detect and treat, yet if left untreated,<unk>  can significantly impact regular bodily functioning, and even lead to severe arthritis. Detection throughout history has become more advanced and accurate, ranging from clinical assessment to ultrasounds to CT (computed tomography) scans. Treatment can include an osteotomy, a major surgical procedure where<unk> s are cut and realigned correctly, or compensatory methods, where individuals learn to externally or internally rotate their limb to compensate for the rotation. Further research is currently being examined in this area to reduce occurrences of<unk> , including detailed computer navigation to improve visual accuracy during surgery. __TOC__
Bone malrotation
Binaural fusion
Abdominal wall defect
Intestinal atresia
Splenogonadal fusion
Vascular ring
Pancreaticobiliary maljunction
Congenital vertebral anomaly