Production A microscopic image stained for<unk>  The hormone is synthesized and secreted from alpha cells (α-cells) of the islets of Langerhans, which are located in the endocrine portion of the pancreas. Production, which is otherwise freerunning, is suppressed/regulated by amylin, a peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β cells. As plasma glucose levels recede, the subsequent reduction in amylin secretion alleviates its suppression of the α cells, allowing for<unk>  secretion. In rodents, the alpha cells are located in the outer rim of the islet. Human islet structure is much less segregated, and alpha cells are distributed throughout the islet in close proximity to beta cells.<unk>  is also produced by alpha cells in the stomach. Recent research has demonstrated that<unk>  production may also take place outside the pancreas, with the gut being the most likely site of extrapancreatic<unk>  synthesis. Regulation Secretion of<unk>  is stimulated by: * Hypoglycemia * Epinephrine (via β2, α2, and α1 adrenergic receptors) * Arginine * Alanine (often from muscle-derived pyruvate/glutamate transamination (see alanine transaminase reaction). * Acetylcholine * Cholecystokinin * Gastric inhibitory polypeptide Secretion of<unk>  is inhibited by: * Somatostatin * Amylin * Insulin (via GABA) * PPARγ/retinoid X receptor heterodimer. * Increased free fatty acids and keto acids into the blood. * Increased urea production *<unk> -like peptide-1
Glucagon
Proglucagon
Activated charcoal 
Insulin 
Insulin
Dasiglucagon
Acetylcysteine
Sodium bicarbonate