Most common complications with<unk>  are catheter related infections, thrombophlebitis and<unk>  thrombosis. If having thrombophlebitis or thrombosis; pain when using the<unk>  is another complication. Peripheral<unk>  is least prone to thrombosis, followed by midline catheters and the centrally placed catheters. Central<unk>  is the most common reason for<unk>  thrombosis in children. Thrombosis and blockage Long term central<unk>  catheters for dialysis and apheresis are often locked (injection of a limited volume of liquid to prevent malfunctioning when catheter is not in use) with high concentration heparin (5000 units per ml) to prevent catheter malfunctioning due to clot formation. Besides, flushing of catheters using normal saline before and after administration of medications, parenteral nutrition, blood components, contrast media, fluids, and blood sampling reduces the likelihood of catheter blockage in the future.
Venous access
Vascular access
Preoperative care
Blood transfusion
Electrocoagulation
Personal protective equipment
Dental anesthesia
Blood donation