Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) lost from<unk><unk>  in 2012 per million persons Around the world, the most common cause of<unk>  (endemic cretinism) is dietary<unk><unk> .<unk>  is an essential trace element, necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.<unk><unk>  is the most common preventable cause of neonatal and childhood brain damage worldwide. Although<unk>  is found in many foods, it is not universally present in all soils in adequate amounts. Most<unk> , in<unk>  form, is in the oceans, where the<unk>  ions are reduced to elemental<unk> , which then enters the atmosphere and falls to earth in rain, introducing<unk>  to soils. Soil deficient in<unk>  is most common inland, in mountainous areas, and in areas of frequent flooding. It can also occur in coastal regions, where<unk>  might have been removed from the soil by glaciation, as well as leaching by snow, water and heavy rainfall. Plants and animals grown in<unk> -deficient soils are correspondingly deficient. Populations living in those areas without outside food sources are most at risk of<unk><unk>  diseases.
Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome
Congenital hypothyroidism
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Kallmann syndrome
Persistent adrenarche syndrome
Hanhart syndrome