Diagnosis is often by measuring the serum bilirubin level in the blood. In those who are born after 35 weeks and are more than a day old transcutaneous bilirubinometer may also be used. The use of an icterometer, a piece of transparent plastic painted in five transverse strips of graded yellow lines, is not recommended. Transcutaneous bilirubinometer This is hand held, portable and rechargeable but expensive. When pressure is applied to the photoprobe, a xenon tube generates a strobe light, and this light passes through the subcutaneous tissue. The reflected light returns through the second fiber optic bundle to the spectrophotometric module. The intensity of the yellow color in this light, after correcting for the hemoglobin, is measured and instantly displayed in arbitrary units. Pathological<unk>  Any of the following features suggests pathological<unk> : # Clinical<unk>  appearing in the first 24 hours or greater than 14 days of life. # Increases in the level of total bilirubin by more than 8.5 μmol/l (0.5 mg/dL) per hour or (85 μmol/l) 5 mg/dL per 24 hours. # Total bilirubin more than 331.5 μmol/l (19.5 mg/dL) (hyperbilirubinemia). # Direct bilirubin more than 34 μmol/l (2.0 mg/dL). The signs which help detect pathological<unk>  are the presence of intrauterine growth restriction, stigma of intrauterine infections (e.g. cataracts, small head, and enlargement of the liver and spleen), cephalohematoma, bruising, signs of bleeding in the brain's ventricles. History of illness is noteworthy. Family history of<unk>  and anemia, family history of neonatal or early infant death due to liver disease, maternal illness suggestive of viral infection (fever, rash or lymphadenopathy), maternal drugs (e.g. sulphonamides, anti-malarials causing red blood cell destruction in G6PD deficiency) are suggestive of pathological<unk>  in neonates.
Neonatal jaundice
Neonatal hepatitis
Neonatal cholestasis
Hemolytic disease of the newborn 
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Biliary atresia
Neonatal hypoglycemia
Blue baby syndrome