The data that have been published regarding definitive laparotomy versus<unk>  demonstrate a decrease in mortality when performed in the critically ill patient. Subsequent studies by Rotondo and colleagues in a group of 961 patients that had undergone<unk>  demonstrate an overall mortality of 50% and a 40% morbidity rate. There are four main complications. The first is development of an intra-abdominal abscess. This has been reported as high as 83%. Next is the development of an entero-atmospheric fistula, which ranges from 2 to 25%. The third is abdominal compartment syndrome that has been reported anywhere from 10 to 40% of the time. Finally fascial dehiscence has been show to result in 9–25% of patients that have undergone<unk> .
Damage control surgery
Remote surgery
Endovascular and hybrid trauma and bleeding management
Radiosurgery
Hypnosurgery
Organotherapy
Reconstructive surgery
Emergency bleeding control