<unk> r (TMNG), also known as<unk> <unk>  goiter (MNTG), is an active<unk>  goiter associated with hyperthyroidism. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).<unk> r is the second most common cause of hyperthyroidism (after Graves' disease) in the developed world, whereas iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developing-world countries where the population is iodine-deficient. (Decreased iodine leads to decreased thyroid hormone.) However, iodine deficiency can cause goiter (thyroid enlargement); within a goitre, nodules can develop. Risk factors for<unk> r include individuals over 60 years of age and being female.
Toxic multinodular goitre
Nontoxic nodular goiter
Radiation-induced thyroiditis
Thyroid adenoma
Endemic goitre
Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis
Follicular thyroid cancer
Acute infectious thyroiditis