Biochemical research In cellular biology, the isothiocyanate derivative of<unk>  is often used to label and track cells in<unk> ce microscopy applications (for example,<unk> ow cytometry). Additional biologically active molecules (such as antibodies) may also be attached to<unk> , allowing biologists to target the<unk> uorophore to specific proteins or structures within cells. This application is common in yeast display.<unk>  can also be conjugated to nucleoside triphosphates and incorporated into a probe enzymatically for in situ hybridisation. The use of<unk>  amidite, shown below right, allows one to synthesize labeled oligonucleotides for the same purpose. Yet another technique termed molecular beacons makes use of synthetic<unk> -labeled oligonucleotides.<unk> -labelled probes can be imaged using FISH, or targeted by antibodies using immunohistochemistry. The latter is a common alternative to digoxigenin, and the two are used together for labelling two genes in one sample. Medical use<unk>  drops being instilled for an eye examination<unk>  sodium, the sodium salt of<unk> , is used extensively as a diagnostic tool in the field of ophthalmology and optometry, where topical<unk>  is used in the diagnosis of corneal abrasions, corneal ulcers and herpetic corneal infections. It is also used in rigid gas permeable contact lens fitting to evaluate the tear layer under the lens. It is available as sterile single-use sachets containing lint-free paper applicators soaked in<unk>  sodium solution. Intravenous or oral<unk>  is used in<unk>  angiography in research and to diagnose and categorize vascular disorders including retinal disease, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory intraocular conditions, and intraocular tumors. It is also being used increasingly during surgery for brain tumors. Diluted<unk>  dye has been used to localise multiple muscular ventricular septal defects during open heart surgery and confirm the presence of any residual defects. The Gemini 4 spacecraft releases dye into the water, to aid location after splashdown, June 1965. Earth sciences<unk>  is used as a rather conservative<unk> ow tracer in hydrological tracer tests to help in understanding of water<unk> ow of both surface waters and groundwater. The dye can also be added to rainwater in environmental testing simulations to aid in locating and analyzing any water leaks, and in Australia and New Zealand as a methylated spirit dye. As<unk>  solution changes its color depending on concentration, it has been used as a tracer in evaporation experiments. One of its more recognizable uses was in the Chicago River, where<unk>  was the first substance used to dye the river green on St. Patrick's Day in 1962. In 1966, environmentalists forced a change to a vegetable-based dye to protect local wildlife. Plant science<unk>  has often been used to track water movement in groundwater to study water<unk> ow and observe areas of contamination or obstruction in these systems. The<unk> ce that is created by the dye makes problem areas more visible and easily identified. A similar concept can be applied to plants because the dye can make problems in plant vasculature more visible. In plant science,<unk> , and other<unk> t dyes, have been used to monitor and study plant vasculature, particularly the xylem, which is the main water transportation pathway in plants. This is because<unk>  is xylem-mobile and unable to cross plasma membranes, making it particularly useful in tracking water movement through the xylem.<unk>  can be introduced to a plant's veins through the roots or a cut stem. The dye is able to be taken up into the plant the same way as water and moves from the roots to the top of the plant due to a transpirational pull. The<unk>  that has been taken up into the plant can be visualized under a<unk> t microscope. Oilfield application<unk>  dye solutions, typically 15% active, are commonly used as an aid to leak detection during hydrostatic testing of subsea oil and gas pipelines and other subsea infrastructure. Leaks can be detected by divers or ROVs carrying an ultraviolet light. Cosmetics<unk>  is also known as a color additive (D&C Yellow no. 7). The disodium salt form of<unk>  is known as uranine or D&C Yellow no. 8.
Fluorescein
Anisodamine
Orellanine
Cyanoacrylate
Coricidin
Phthalate
Diatrizoate
Azo dye