<unk>  is a mental disorder characterized by a life-long pattern of exaggerated feelings of self-importance, an excessive craving for admiration, and a diminished ability to empathize with others' feelings. These<unk>  traits are often overcompensation for a fragile ego, an intolerance of criticism, and a weak sense of self.<unk>  differs from self-confidence which is associated with a strong sense of self. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition(DSM-5, 2013) describes<unk>  as possessing at least five of the following nine criteria. * A grandiose sense of self-importance * Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love * Believing that they are "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions) * Requiring excessive admiration * A sense of entitlement (unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with their expectations) * Being interpersonally exploitative (taking advantage of others to achieve their own ends) * Lacking empathy (unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others) * Often being envious of others or believing that others are envious of them * Showing arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes<unk>  usually develops either in youth or in early adulthood. It is common for children and youths to display<unk>  traits that resemble<unk> , but such occurrences are usually transient, and register below the clinical criteria for a formal diagnosis of<unk> . True symptoms of<unk>  are pervasive, apparent in varied social situations, and are rigidly consistent over time. Severe symptoms of<unk>  can significantly impair the person's mental capabilities to develop meaningful human relationships, such as friendship, kinship, and marriage. Generally, the symptoms of<unk>  also impair the person's psychological abilities to function socially, either at work or at school, or within important societal settings. The DSM-5 indicates that, in order to qualify as symptomatic of<unk> , the person's manifested<unk>  traits must substantially differ from social norms. Associated features People with<unk>  exaggerate their skills, accomplishments, and their degree of intimacy with people they consider high-status. Such a sense of personal superiority may cause them to monopolize conversations, or to become impatient and disdainful when other persons talk about themselves. This attitude connects to an overall worse functioning in areas of life like work and intimate romantic relationships.<unk>  injury and<unk>  scar are terms used by Sigmund Freud in the 1920s.<unk>  wound and<unk>  blow are other, almost interchangeable, terms. When wounded in the ego, either by a real or a perceived criticism, the narcissist's displays of anger can be disproportionate to the nature of the criticism suffered; but typically, the actions and responses of the<unk>  person are deliberate and calculated. Despite occasional flare-ups of personal insecurity, the inflated self-concept of the<unk>  person is primarily stable. To the extent that people are pathologically<unk> , the person with<unk>  can be a self-absorbed individual who passes blame by psychological projection and is intolerant of contradictory views and opinions; is apathetic towards the emotional, mental, and psychological needs of other people; and is indifferent to the negative effects of their behaviors, whilst insisting that people should see them as an ideal person. To protect their fragile self-concept, narcissists use psychosocial strategies, such as the tendency to devalue and derogate and to insult and blame other people, usually with anger and hostility towards people's responses to the narcissist's anti-social conduct.<unk> <unk> es are more likely to respond with anger or aggressiveness when presented with rejection. Because they are sensitive to perceived criticism or defeat, people with<unk>  are prone to feelings of shame, humiliation, and worthlessness over minor incidents of daily life and imagined, personal slights, and usually mask such feelings from people, either by way of feigned humility, or by responding with outbursts of rage and defiance, or by seeking revenge. The merging of the inflated self-concept and the actual self is evident in the grandiosity component of<unk> ; also inherent to that psychological process are the defence mechanisms of idealization and devaluation and of denial. The DSM-5 indicates that: "Many highly successful individuals display<unk>  traits that might be considered<unk> . Only when these traits are inflexible, maladaptive, and persisting, and cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress, do they constitute<unk> ." Given the high-function sociability associated with narcissism, some people with<unk>  might not view such a diagnosis as a functional impairment to their lives. Although overconfidence tends to make people with<unk>  very ambitious, such a mindset does not necessarily lead to professional high achievement and success, because they refuse to take risks, in order to avoid failure or the appearance of failure. Moreover, the psychological inability to tolerate disagreement, contradiction, and criticism, make it difficult for persons with<unk>  to work cooperatively or to maintain long-term, professional relationships with superiors and colleagues. Some narcissists may have a limited or minimal capability to experience emotions.<unk>  supply<unk>  supply is a concept introduced into psychoanalytic theory by Otto Fenichel in 1938, to describe a type of admiration, interpersonal support, or sustenance drawn by an individual from his or her environment and essential to their self-esteem. The term is typically used in a negative sense, describing a pathological or excessive need for attention or admiration in codependents and the orally fixated, that does not take into account the feelings, opinions, or preferences of other people.<unk>  rage<unk>  rage is a reaction to a perceived threat to a narcissist's self-esteem or self-worth. The term<unk>  rage was coined by Heinz Kohut in 1972.<unk>  rage occurs on a continuum from aloofness, to expressions of mild irritation or annoyance, to serious outbursts, including violent attacks.<unk>  rage reactions are not limited to<unk>  disorders. They may also be seen in catatonic, paranoid delusion, and depressive episodes. It has been suggested that narcissists have two layers of rage. The first layer of rage can be thought of as a constant anger towards someone else, with the second layer being a self-aimed anger.
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Cluster B personality disorders
Histrionic personality disorder
Haltlose personality disorder
Bipolar disorder
Substance abuse
Dependent personality disorder