The<unk>  is a method for determining whether to stop a clinical trial prematurely. The typical clinical trial compares two groups of patients. One group are given a placebo or conventional treatment, while the other group of patients are given the treatment that is being tested. The investigators running the clinical trial will wish to stop the trial early for ethical reasons if the treatment group clearly shows evidence of benefit. In other words, "when early results proved so promising it was no longer fair to keep patients on the older drugs for comparison, without giving them the opportunity to change." The concept was introduced by the medical statistician Stuart<unk>  in 1977. The many reasons underlying when to stop a clinical trial for benefit were discussed in his editorial from 2005.
Pocock boundary
Lines of Zahn
Pauwel's angle
Axon hillock
Beau's lines
Kocher's point
Dandy's point
Kernohan's notch