The signs and symptoms of<unk> include: * Inflammation at or near the insertion site with swollen, taut skin with pain * Blanching and coolness of skin around IV site * Damp or wet dressing * Slowed or stopped infusion * No backflow of blood into IV tubing on lowering the solution container. Grading Grade Skin appearance Edema Skin on examination Symptoms 0. No symptoms 1. Skin blanched Edema 6 inches in any direction Cool to touch Mild-moderate painPossible numbness 4. Skin blanched, translucentSkin tight, leakingSkin discolored, bruised, swollen Gross edema > 6 inches in any directionDeep pitting tissue edema Circulatory impairment Moderate-severe painInfiltration or any amount of blood product, irritant, or vesicant Nursing treatment The use of warm compresses to treat<unk> has become controversial. It has been found that cold compresses may be better for some infiltrated infusates. If the<unk> is recent and the solution was hypertonic or had an increased pH, a cold compress can be applied. A warm compress can be applied if a small amount of non-caustic solution has infiltrated over a long period, or if the solution is isotonic with normal pH. It has also been documented that elevation of the infiltrated extremity may be painful for the patient. To act in the best interest of the patient, following IV<unk>  consult with the physician for orders regarding compresses and elevation.
Infiltration 
Reabsorption
Countercurrent exchange
Excretion
Redox
Reuptake
Lufttransport
Bioconcentration