<unk>  is grouped into two general categories: high, or proximal,<unk>  and low, or distal<unk> , both of which are suspected by failure to pass meconium at birth. High<unk>  can be suspected based on the double bubble sign. Cases without distal gas are usually related to duodenal atresia, while high<unk>  with distal gas need an upper gastrointestinal series because of the need to distinguish duodenal web, duodenal stenosis and annular pancreas from midgut volvulus, the latter being a surgical emergency. Confirmation is ultimately by surgical intervention. A low<unk>  is suspected on plain film, but needs follow up with a gastrografin enema, which itself can be therapeutic. The differential for low<unk>  is ileal atresia, meconium ileus, meconium plug syndrome and Hirschsprung disease. In cases of meconium ileus or ileal atresia, the colon distal to the<unk>  is hypoplastic, usually less than 1 cm in caliber, as development of normal colonic caliber in utero is due to the passage of meconium, which does not occur in either of these conditions. When diffusely small caliber is seen, it is referred to as microcolon. Radiographs in meconium ileus classically demonstrate a bubbly appearance in the right lower quadrant due to a combination of ingested air and meconium. If, on contrast enema, reflux into the dilated distal small<unk>  loops can be achieved, the study is both diagnostic and therapeutic, as the ionic contrast medium can dissolve the meconium to allow passage of enteric content into the unused colon. If contrast cannot be refluxed into the distal small<unk> , ileal atresia remains a diagnostic possibility.
Neonatal bowel obstruction
Meconium peritonitis
Persistent cloaca
Omphalitis of newborn
Intestinal atresia
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Baby colic
Neonatal meningitis