Biochemical findings The metabolism of calcium, phosphate, hormones, and Vitamin D. Biochemical features are similar to those of rickets. The major factor is an abnormally low vitamin D concentration in blood serum. Major typical biochemical findings include: *Low serum and urinary calcium *Low serum phosphate, except in cases of renal osteodystrophy *Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (due to an increase in compensatory osteoblast activity) *Elevated parathyroid hormone (due to low calcium) Furthermore, a technetium bone scan will show increased activity (also due to increased osteoblasts). Radiographic characteristics Radiological appearances include: *Pseudofractures, also called Looser's zones. *Protrusio acetabuli, a hip joint disorder
Osteomalacia
Rickets
Hypophosphatasia
Osteopoikilosis
Osteopenia
Osteodystrophy
Blue nails
Green nails