Though many α-emitters exist, useful isotopes would have a sufficient energy to cause damage to cancer cells, and a half-life that is long enough to provide a therapeutic dose without remaining long enough to damage healthy tissue. Immunotherapy Several radionuclides have been studied for use in immunotherapy. Though β-emitters are more popular, in part due to their availability, trials have taken place involving 225Ac, 211At, 212Pb and 213Bi. Peritoneal carcinomas Treatment of peritoneal carcinomas has promising early results limited by availability of α-emitters compared to β-emitters. Bone metastases 223Ra was the first α-emitter approved by the FDA in the United States for treatment of bone metastases from prostate cancer, and is a recommended treatment in the UK by NICE. In<unk> se III trial comparing 223Ra to a placebo, survival was significantly improved. Leukaemia Early trials of 225Ac and 213Bi have shown evidence of anti-tumour activity in Leukaemia patients. Melanomas Phase I trials on melanomas have shown 213Bi is effective in causing tumour regression. Solid tumours The short path length of<unk><unk> s in tissue, which makes them well suited to treatment of the above types of disease, is a negative when it comes to treatment of larger bodies of solid tumour by intravenous injection. However, potential methods to solve this problem of delivery exist, such as direct intratumoral injection and anti-angiogenic drugs. Limited treatment experience of low grade malignant gliomas has shown possible efficacy.
Targeted alpha-particle therapy
Targeted therapy
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Sequential high-dose chemotherapy
Radionuclide therapy
Multisystemic therapy
Combination therapy
Chemoradiotherapy