<unk>  is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon (colitis), which is caused by cancer immunotherapy<unk><unk>  therapy). Symptoms typically consist of diarrhea, abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. Less commonly, nausea and vomiting may occur, which may suggest the present of gastroenteritis. The severity of diarrhea and colitis are graded based on the frequency of bowel movements and symptoms of colitis, respectively. The gold standard for the diagnosis of<unk>  is colonoscopy with evaluation of the terminal ileum. However, in most cases, a flexible sigmoidoscopy is sufficient. Infection should be ruled out with stool studies, including Clostridioides difficile, bacterial culture, ova and parasites. Symptoms of upper abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting warrant evaluation with upper endoscopy. Treatment of immune<unk><unk>  colitis is based on severity, as defined by the grade of diarrhea and colitis. Mild cases by managed with temporary interruption of immune<unk><unk>  therapy, dietary modification (low residue), and/or loperamide. More severe cases require immune suppression with corticosteroid therapy. If steroids are ineffective, infliximab may be considered. If colitis fails to improve with infliximab, then vedolizumab may be effective.
Checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis
Radiation enteropathy
Radiation colitis
Alkylating antineoplastic agent
Lymphocytic colitis
Microscopic colitis
Immunosuppressive drug
NSAID hypersensitivity reactions