René Laennec adopted the existing word râles (which has been translated as "rattles", 'groans" and otherwise) to describe the added breath sounds that are now referred to as<unk> ". He described them using unusual daily examples, such as "whistling of little birds", "crackling of salt on a heated dish", "cooing of the woodpidgeon", etc., but he soon realized that he was unable to use the term in front of his patients because it conjured the association of le râle de la mort, which translates to " the death rattle", the noise that people who are about to die make when they can no longer clear secretions. Therefore, at the bedside, he used the Latin word rhonchus, which originally meant a 'snore'. That was not clearly understood by his translator, John Forbes, and the terminology became very confusing after the publication in the 1830s of Forbes's English translation of Laennec's De L'Auscultation Mediate. The difficulty of translating râle itself had been remarked upon in a British review of Laennec's work in 1820. The terminology of "rales" and "rhonchi" in English remained variable until 1977, when a standardization was established by the American Thoracic Society and American College of Chest Physicians. As a result, the term râles was abandoned, and<unk> " became its recommended substitute. The term "rales" is still common in English-language medical literature, but cognizance of the ATS/CHEST guidelines calls for<unk> ". In 2016, the European Respiratory Society reported on a study of various physicians listening to audiovisual recordings of auscultation findings and interobserver variation was analyzed. The study found that broad descriptions agreed better than detailed descriptions.
Crackles
Rhagades
Rose spots
Copper beaten skull
Smoker's face
Flat wart
Papular eruption of blacks
Chilblains