Agar plate culture of C. albicans KOH test on a vaginal wet mount, showing slings of pseudohyphae of Candida albicans surrounded by round vaginal epithelial cells, conferring a diagnosis of candidal vulvovaginitis Micrograph of esophageal<unk>  showing hyphae, biopsy specimen, PAS stain Gram stain of Candida albicans from a vaginal swab. The small oval chlamydospores are 2-4 µm in diameter. In oral<unk> , simply inspecting the person's mouth for white patches and irritation may make the diagnosis. A sample of the infected area may also be taken to determine what organism is causing the infection. Symptoms of vaginal<unk>  are also present in the more common bacterial vaginosis; aerobic vaginitis is distinct and should be excluded in the differential diagnosis. In a 2002 study, only 33% of women who were self-treating for a yeast infection actually had such an infection, while most had either bacterial vaginosis or a mixed-type infection. Diagnosis of a yeast infection is done either via microscopic examination or culturing. For identification by light microscopy, a scraping or swab of the affected area is placed on a microscope slide. A single drop of 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution is then added to the specimen. The KOH dissolves the skin cells, but leaves the Candida cells intact, permitting visualization of pseudohyphae and budding yeast cells typical of many Candida species. For the culturing method, a sterile swab is rubbed on the infected skin surface. The swab is then streaked on a culture medium. The culture is incubated at 37 °C (98.6 °F) for several days, to allow development of yeast or bacterial colonies. The characteristics (such as morphology and colour) of the colonies may allow initial diagnosis of the organism causing disease symptoms. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and esophageal<unk>  require an endoscopy to diagnose. For gastrointestinal<unk> , it is necessary to obtain a 3–5 milliliter sample of fluid from the duodenum for fungal culture. The diagnosis of gastrointestinal<unk>  is based upon the culture containing in excess of 1,000 colony-forming units per milliliter. Classification<unk>  may be divided into these types: * Mucosal<unk>  * Oral<unk>  (thrush, oropharyngeal<unk>  * Pseudomembranous<unk>  * Erythematous<unk>  * Hyperplastic<unk>  * Denture-related stomatitis — Candida organisms are involved in about 90% of cases * Angular cheilitis — Candida species are responsible for about 20% of cases, mixed infection of C. albicans and Staphylococcus aureus for about 60% of cases. * Median rhomboid glossitis * Candidal vulvovaginitis (vaginal yeast infection) * Candidal balanitis — infection of the glans penis, almost exclusively occurring in uncircumcised males * Esophageal<unk>  (candidal esophagitis) *Gastrointestinal<unk>  *Respiratory<unk>  * Cutaneous<unk>  * Candidial folliculitis * Candidal intertrigo * Candidal paronychia * Perianal<unk> , may present as pruritus ani * Candidid * Chronic mucocutaneous<unk>  * Congenital cutaneous<unk>  * Diaper<unk> : an infection of a child's diaper area * Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica * Candidial onychomycosis (nail infection) caused by Candida * Systemic<unk>  * Candidemia, a form of fungemia which may lead to sepsis * Invasive<unk>  (disseminated<unk>  — organ infection by Candida * Chronic systemic<unk>  (hepatosplenic<unk>  — sometimes arises during recovery from neutropenia *Antibiotic<unk>  (iatrogenic<unk>
Candidiasis
Lobomycosis
Phycomycosis
Dermatomycosis
Otomycosis
Zygomycosis
Botryomycosis
Chromoblastomycosis