Huntington's disease Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disease and most common inherited cause of<unk> . The condition was formerly called Huntington's<unk>  but was renamed because of the important non-choreic features including cognitive decline and behavioural change. Other genetic causes Other genetic causes of<unk>  are rare. They include the classical Huntington's disease 'mimic' or phenocopy syndromes, called Huntington's disease-like syndrome types 1, 2 and 3; inherited prion disease, the spinocerebellar ataxias type 1, 3 and 17, neuroacanthocytosis, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), brain iron accumulation disorders, Wilson's disease, benign hereditary<unk> , Friedreich's ataxia, mitochondrial disease and Rett syndrome. Acquired causes The most common acquired causes of<unk>  are cerebrovascular disease and, in the developing world, HIV infection—usually through its association with cryptococcal disease. Sydenham's<unk>  occurs as a complication of streptococcal infection. Twenty percent (20%) of children and adolescents with rheumatic fever develop Sydenham's<unk>  as a complication. It is increasingly rare, which may be partially due to penicillin, improved social conditions, and/or a natural reduction in the bacteria (Streptococcus) it has stemmed from. Psychological symptoms may precede or accompany this acquired<unk>  and may be relapsing and remitting. The broader spectrum of paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection can cause<unk>  and are collectively referred to as PANDAS.<unk>  gravidarum refers to<unk> c symptoms that occur during pregnancy. If left untreated, the disease resolves in 30% of patients before delivery but, in the other 70%, it persists. The symptoms then progressively disappear in the next few days following the delivery.<unk>  may also be caused by drugs (commonly levodopa, anti-convulsants and anti-psychotics). Other acquired causes include CSF leak, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, kappa light-chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, thyrotoxicosis, polycythaemia rubra vera, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and coeliac disease.
Chorea
Myoclonus
Dystonia
Opisthotonus
Paratonia
Opsoclonus
Athetosis
Clonus