MRI of a child experiencing seizures. There are small foci of<unk>  in the corpus callosum, deep to the dysplastic cortex. (double arrows)<unk> s are neurological disorders caused by clumps of<unk><unk>  (nodules of neurons) located in the wrong part of the brain. A<unk>  is characterized as a type of focal cortical dysplasia. The neurons in heterotopia appear to be normal, except for their mislocation; nuclear studies have shown glucose metabolism equal to that of normally positioned<unk><unk> . The condition causes a variety of symptoms, but usually includes some degree of epilepsy or recurring seizures, and often affects the brain's ability to function on higher levels. Symptoms range from nonexistent to profound; the condition is occasionally discovered as an incidentaloma when brain imaging performed for an unrelated problem and has no apparent ill effect on the patient. At the other extreme, heterotopia can result in severe seizure disorder, loss of motor skills, and mental retardation. Fatalities are practically unknown, other than the death of unborn male fetuses with a specific genetic defect.
Gray matter heterotopia
Germinal matrix hemorrhage
Periventricular leukomalacia
Nasal glial heterotopia
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Fibrillary astrocytoma
Basilar invagination
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour