On weightbearing projectional radiography,<unk>  can be diagnosed and graded by several features, the most important being medial peritalar subluxation, increased calcaneal pitch (variable) and abnormal talar-1st metatarsal angle (Meary's angle). Medial peritalar subluxation can be demonstrated by a medially rotated talonavicular coverage angle. File:Talonavicular coverage angle.Dorsoplantar projectional radiograph of the foot showing the measurement of the talonavicular coverage angle. File:Calcaneal pitch.Weight-bearing lateral X-ray showing the measurement of calcaneal pitch, which is an angle of the calcaneus and the inferior aspect of the foot, with different sources giving different reference points. Calcaneal pitch is increased in<unk> , with cutoffs ranging from 20° to 32°. File:Talar-1st metatarsal angle (Meary's angle).Same lateral X-ray showing the measurement of Meary's angle, which is the angle between the long axis of the talus and first metatarsal bone. This example is slightly convex downward. An angle greater than 4° convex upward is considered<unk> . File:Pes<unk>  and os peroneum on lateral foot X-ray.Foot with<unk>  (and os peroneum). Types The term<unk>  encompasses a broad spectrum of foot deformities. Three main types of<unk>  are regularly described in the literature:<unk>  cavovarus,<unk>  calcaneocavus, and ‘pure’<unk> . The three types of<unk>  can be distinguished by their aetiology, clinical signs and radiological appearance.<unk>  cavovarus, the most common type of<unk> , is seen primarily in neuromuscular disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and, in cases of unknown aetiology, is conventionally termed ‘idiopathic’.<unk>  cavovarus presents with the calcaneus in varus, the first metatarsal plantarflexed, and a claw-toe deformity. Radiological analysis of<unk>  in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease shows the forefoot is typically plantarflexed in relation to the rearfoot. In the<unk>  calcaneocavus foot, which is seen primarily following paralysis of the triceps surae due to poliomyelitis, the calcaneus is dorsiflexed and the forefoot is plantarflexed. Radiological analysis of<unk>  calcaneocavus reveals a large talo-calcaneal angle. In ‘pure’<unk> , the calcaneus is neither dorsiflexed nor in varus and is highly arched due to a plantarflexed position of the forefoot on the rearfoot. A combination of any or all of these elements can also be seen in a ‘combined’ type of<unk>  that may be further categorized as flexible or rigid. Despite various presentations and descriptions of<unk> , not all incarnations are characterised by an abnormally high medial longitudinal arch, gait disturbances, and resultant foot pathology.
Pes cavus
Pectus carinatum
Pectus excavatum
Brock string
Cabot rings
Barrel chest
Oroantral fistula
Cornea verticillata