<unk>  (from right tonsil, HPV-negative), T4a N2c, 48 year old man. Diagnosis is by biopsy of observed abnormal tissue in the oropharynx. Stages The National Cancer Institute (2016) provides the following definition: Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ) Abnormal cells are found in the lining of the oropharynx. These may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue. Stage 1 Cancer has formed and is 20 mm or smaller and has not spread outside the oropharynx. Stage 2 Cancer has formed and is larger than 20 mm, but not larger than 40 mm. Also, it has not yet spread outside the oropharynx. Stage 3 *Cancer is larger than 40 mm and has not spread outside the oropharynx. *Any size and has spread to only one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the cancer. The lymph node with cancer is 30 mm or smaller. Stage 4A *Cancer has spread to tissues near the oropharynx, including the larynx (voice box), roof of the mouth, lower jaw, muscle of the tongue, or central muscles of the jaw, and may have spread to one or more nearby lymph nodes; none is larger than 60 mm. *Cancer is any size and has spread to one lymph node that is larger than 30 mm, but not larger than 60 mm on the same side of the neck as the cancer or to more than one lymph node, none larger than 60 mm, on one of both sides of the neck. Stage 4B *Cancer surrounds the main artery in the neck or has spread to bones in the jaw or skull, to muscle in the side of the jaw, or to the upper part of the throat behind the nose, and may have spread to nearby lymph nodes. *Cancer has spread to a lymph node that is larger than 60 mm and may have spread to tissues around the oropharynx. Stage 4C Cancer has spread to other parts of the body; the tumor may be any size and may have spread to lymph nodes.
Oropharyngeal cancer
Laryngeal cancer
Adenoiditis
Epiglottitis
Hypopharyngeal cancer
Nasal polyp
Laryngeal cyst
Nasal septal abscess