<unk>  mortality ratio (with Sustainable Development Goal target) as of 2015 Epidemiology<unk> s and disabilities are leading contributors in women's disease burden with an estimated 303,000 women killed each year in childbirth and pregnancy worldwide. The global rate in 2017 is 211<unk> s per 100,000 live births and 45% of postpartum<unk> s occur within 24 hours. Ninety-nine percent of<unk> s occur in low-resource countries. At a country level, India (19% or 56,000) and Nigeria (14% or 40,000) accounted for roughly one third of the<unk> s in 2010. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, Sudan, Indonesia, Ethiopia, United Republic of Tanzania, Bangladesh and Afghanistan accounted for between 3 and 5 percent of<unk> s each. These ten countries combined accounted for 60% of all the<unk> s in 2010 according to the United Nations Population Fund report. Countries with the lowest<unk> s were Greece, Iceland, Poland, and Finland. As of 2017, countries in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa account for approximately 86% of all<unk>  in the world. Sub-Saharan African countries accounted for about two-thirds of the global<unk> s and Southeast Asian countries accounted for approximately one-fifth. Since 2000, Southeast Asian countries have seen a significant decrease in<unk>  mortality with an overall decrease in<unk>  mortality of almost 60%. Sub-Saharan Africa also saw an almost 40% decrease in<unk>  mortality between 2000 and 2017. As of 2017, the countries with the highest<unk>  mortality rates included South Sudan, Somalia, Central African Republic, Yemen, Syria, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The numbers for<unk>  mortality in these countries are likely affect by the political and civil unrest that these countries are facing. Significant progress has been made since the United Nations made the reduction of<unk>  mortality part of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000. Bangladesh, for example, cut the number of<unk> s per live births by almost two-thirds from 1990 to 2015. A further reduction of<unk>  mortality is now part of the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. The United Nations has more recently developed a list of goals termed the Sustainable Development Goals. The target of the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is to reduce the global<unk>  mortality rate (MMR) to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. Some of the specific aims of the Sustainable Development Goals are to prevent unintended pregnancies by ensuring more women have access to contraceptives, as well as providing women who become pregnant with a safe environment for delivery with respectful and skilled care. This initiative also included access to emergency services for women who developed complications during delivery. The WHO has developed a global goal to end preventable<unk>  related to<unk>  mortality. A major goal of this strategy is to identify and address the causes of<unk>  and reproductive morbidities and mortalities, as well as disabilities related to<unk>  health outcomes. Their strategy aims to address inequalities in access to reproductive,<unk> , and newborn services, as well as the quality of care with universal health coverage. The WHO strategy also aims to ensure quality data collection in order to better respond to the needs of women and girls while improving the equity and quality of care provided to women. Variation within countries There are significant<unk>  mortality intra country variations, especially in nations with large equality gaps in income and education and high healthcare disparities. Women living in rural areas experience higher<unk>  mortality than women living in urban and sub-urban centers because those living in wealthier households, having higher education, or living in urban areas, have higher use of healthcare services than their poorer, less-educated, or rural counterparts. There are also racial and ethnic disparities in<unk>  health outcomes which increases<unk>  mortality in marginalized groups. By country Country<unk>  Mortality Ratio (2017) by Country All data is from the World Bank. Italy 2 Spain 4 Sweden 4 Japan 5 Australia 6 Germany 7 UK 7 France 8 New Zealand 9 Canada 10 South Korea 11 Russia 17 US 19 Mexico 33 China 29 South Africa 119 India 145 Ghana 308 In the year 2017, 810 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and birth per day which totaled to approximately 295,000<unk> s that year alone. It was also estimated that 94% of<unk> s occurred in low-resource countries in the same year. In a retrospective study done across several countries in 2007, the cause of<unk>  and causal relationship to the mode of delivery in pregnant women was examined from the years 2000 to 2006. It was discovered that the excess<unk>  rate of women who experienced a pulmonary embolism was casually related to undergoing a cesarean delivery. There was also an association found between neuraxial anesthesia, more commonly known as an epidural, and an increased risk for an epidural hematoma. Both of these risks could be reduced by the institution of graduated compression, whether by compression stockings or a compression device. There is also speculation that eliminating the concept of elective cesarean sections in the United States would significantly lower the<unk>  rate.
Maternal death
Stillbirth
Maternal near miss
Fetal-maternal haemorrhage
After-birth abortion
Unsafe abortion
Maternal-fetal conflict
Forced pregnancy