In the cases of cardiogenic shock resulting from heart failure or acute hemorrhagic shock caused by a large volume of blood loss, the body constricts peripheral vessels to reverse the low arterial pressure that causes inadequate tissue perfusion. With<unk> , it is difficult for the peripheral vascular smooth muscle to constrict. In refractory<unk> , peripheral vascular smooth muscle responds poorly to therapy with vasopressor drugs. Vasopressin deficiency may play an important role in<unk> . In refractory<unk> , the patient has both vasopressin secretion deficit and an advanced resistance to vasopressin-induced blood-pressure changes. Some have hypothesized that patients with vasopressin deficiency, including a decrease in baroreceptor stimulation, appear to suffer from impaired autonomic reflexes. Tone may be inhibited by atrial stretch receptors and vasopressin release may be inhibited by nitric oxide or high circulating levels of norepinephrine.<unk>  is often involved with the dysfunction of physiologic compensatory mechanisms such as the sympathetic nervous system, vasopressin arginine system and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system.
Vasodilatory shock
Obstructive shock
Distributive shock
Hypovolemic shock
Cryptic shock
Neurogenic shock
Spinal shock
Septic shock