<unk>  (haptoglobin 2 precursor) is a protein that modulates the permeability of tight junctions between cells of the wall of the digestive tract. It was discovered in 2000 by Alessio Fasano and his team at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. As the mammalian analogue of zonula occludens toxin, secreted by cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae,<unk>  has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease and diabetes mellitus type 1. Type 2 diabetic patients have shown increased<unk> . Gliadin (a glycoprotein present in gluten) activates<unk>  signaling irrespective of the genetic expression of autoimmunity, leading to increased intestinal permeability of macromolecules. Zonula occludens toxin is being studied as an adjuvant to improve absorption of drugs and vaccines. In 2014 a<unk>  receptor antagonist, larazotide acetate (formerly known as AT-1001), completed a phase 2b clinical trial.
Zonulin
Retapamulin
Equilin
Hyperforin
Hippulin
EpiCeram
Pedialyte
Immunoevasin