Bladder<unk>  The bacteria that cause<unk> s typically enter the bladder via the urethra. However,<unk>  may also occur via the blood or lymph. It is believed that the bacteria are usually transmitted to the urethra from the bowel, with females at greater risk due to their anatomy. After gaining entry to the bladder, E. Coli are able to attach to the bladder wall and form a biofilm that resists the body's immune response. Escherichia coli is the single most common microorganism, followed by Klebsiella and Proteus spp., to cause<unk> . Klebsiella and Proteus spp., are frequently associated with stone disease. The presence of Gram positive bacteria such as Enterococcus and Staphylococcus increased. The increased resistance of<unk>  pathogens to quinolone antibiotics has been reported worldwide and might be the consequence of overuse and misuse of quinolones.
Urinary tract infection
Vaginitis
Ureteral neoplasm
Interstitial cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Urinary bladder disease
Urethritis