Large scale anatomy of a heart damaged by chronic<unk>  In the acute phase of the<unk> , signs and symptoms are caused directly by the replication of and the immune system's response to it. During this phase, can be found in various tissues throughout the body and circulating in the blood. During the initial weeks of infection, parasite replication is brought under control by production of antibodies and activation of the host's inflammatory response, particularly cells that target intracellular pathogens such as NK cells and macrophages, driven by inflammation-signaling molecules like TNF-α and IFN-γ. During chronic<unk> , long-term organ damage develops over years due to continued replication of the parasite and damage from the immune system. Early in the course of the<unk> , is found frequently in the striated muscle fibers of the heart. As<unk>  progresses, the heart becomes generally enlarged, with substantial regions of cardiac muscle fiber replaced by scar tissue and fat. Areas of active inflammation are scattered throughout the heart, with each housing inflammatory immune cells, typically macrophages and T cells. Late in the<unk> , parasites are rarely detected in the heart, and may be present at only very low levels. In the heart, colon, and esophagus, chronic<unk>  leads to a massive loss of nerve endings. In the heart, this may contribute to arrythmias and other cardiac dysfunction. In the colon and esophagus, loss of nervous system control is the major driver of organ dysfunction. Loss of nerves impairs the movement of food through the digestive tract, which can lead to blockage of the esophagus or colon and restriction of their blood supply.
Chagas disease
Loa loa filariasis
Cyclosporiasis
Tylosis
Isosporiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Paragonimiasis
Strongyloidiasis