An adult who is compelled to nap repeatedly during the day may have<unk> ; however, it is important to distinguish between occasional<unk><unk>  and<unk> , which is chronic. A number of tools for screening for<unk>  have been developed. One is the Epworth<unk>  Scale which grades the results of a questionnaire with eight questions referring to situations encountered in daily life. The ESS generates a numerical score from zero (0) to 24 where a score of ten 10 or higher may indicate that the person should consult a specialist in sleep medicine for further evaluation. Another tool is the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), which has been used since the 1970s. It is used to measure the time it takes from the start of a<unk>  nap period to the first signs of sleep, called sleep latency. Subjects undergo a series of five 20-minute sleeping opportunities with an absence of alerting factors at 2-hour intervals on one day. The test is based on the idea that the sleepier people are, the faster they will fall asleep. The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) is also used to quantitatively assess<unk><unk> . This test is performed in a sleep diagnostic center. The test is similar to the MSLT as it also relies on a measurement of initial sleep latency. However, during this test, the patient is instructed to try to stay awake under soporific conditions for a defined time. The use of Electroencephalography (EEG) readings is essential for the objective diagnosis of<unk> . The initial sleep latency employed in the MSLT and the MWT is mainly derived from EEG recordings. Moreover, power characteristics in the alpha-band of resting-state EEG readings, correlating with somnolence, also showed a correlation with the presence of<unk> .
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Hypersomnia
Irregular sleep–wake rhythm
Dyssomnia
Orthosomnia
Sleepwalking
Fidgeting
Parasomnia