Acquired<unk>  is most common in its acquired forms, meaning that the defect was not present at birth. These acquired forms have numerous potential causes. The most obvious cause is a kidney or systemic disorder, including amyloidosis, polycystic kidney disease, electrolyte imbalance, or some other kidney defect. The major causes of acquired<unk>  that produce clinical symptoms (e.g., polyuria) in the adult are lithium toxicity and high blood calcium. About 80% of lithium ingested appears to affect the proximal tubules by entering the collecting tubule cells through sodium channels, accumulating and interfering with the normal response to antidiuretic hormone in a mechanism that is not yet fully understood. High blood calcium causes natriuresis (increased sodium loss in the urine) and water diuresis, in part by its effect through the calcium-sensing receptor. Osmotic Other causes of acquired<unk>  include hypokalemia (low blood potassium), post-obstructive polyuria, sickle cell disease or trait, amyloidosis, Sjögren syndrome, renal cystic disease, Bartter syndrome, and various medications (amphotericin B, orlistat, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, cidofovir, vaptans). In addition to kidney and systemic disorders,<unk>  can present itself as a side effect of some medications. The most common and well known of these medications is lithium, although there are many other medications that cause this effect with lesser frequency. Hereditary This form of diabetes insipidus can also be hereditary due to defects in the following genes: Type OMIM Gene Locus<unk> 1 AVPR2 Usually, the hereditary form of<unk>  is the result of an X-linked genetic defect which causes the vasopressin receptor (also called the V2 receptor) in the kidney to not function correctly.<unk> 2 AQP2 In more rare cases, a mutation in the "aquaporin 2" gene impede the normal functionality of the kidney water channel, which results in the kidney being unable to absorb water. This mutation is often inherited in an autosomal recessive manner although dominant mutations are reported from time to time
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Central diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Vasoplegic syndrome
Primary polydipsia
Diurnal enuresis
Adrenal crisis