The<unk>  separates the bony remnants of the forearm into a makeshift pincer. The procedure involves separating the ulna and radius for below-elbow amputations, and in cases of congenital absence of the hand, to provide a pincerlike grasp that is motored by the pronator teres muscle. The prerequisites for the operation are a stump over 10 cm long from the tip of the olecranon, no elbow contracture, and good psychological preparation and acceptance. The success of the<unk>  depends directly on the strength of the pronator teres, the sensibility of the skin surrounding both ulna and radius, elbow mobility, and mobility of the ulna and radius at the proximal radioulnar joint. Individual patient expectations and motivations, although more difficult to assess, probably play a major role in outcomes as well.
Krukenberg procedure
Kawashima procedure
Sugiura procedure
Mustard procedure
Yasui procedure
Brunelli procedure
Mumford procedure
Frey's procedure