Valgus osteotomy. The black line is the mechanical axis. This process may be done to correct a<unk>  deformity. Generally, no treatment is required for idiopathic presentation as it is a normal anatomical variant in young children. Treatment is indicated when it persists beyond 3 and a half years old. In the case of unilateral presentation or progressive worsening of the curvature, when caused by rickets, the most important thing is to treat the constitutional disease, at the same time instructing the care-giver never to place the child on its feet. In many cases, this is quite sufficient in itself to effect a cure, but matters can be hastened somewhat by applying splints. When the deformity arises in older patients, either from trauma or occupation, the only permanent treatment is surgery, but orthopaedic bracing can provide relief. Rickets Rickets usually causes bone deformities in all four extremities.<unk>  may resolve spontaneously with modification of lifestyle activities or after receiving medical treatment. Some deformities do not correct spontaneously and need surgical intervention especially if they are severe and causing gait difficulties. The main surgical modality used to treat<unk>  arising from rickets is guided growth surgery, also known as growth modulation surgery. Blount's disease Treatment for children with Blount's disease is typically braces but surgery may also be necessary. In children guided growth surgery is used to gradually correct/straighten the bow legs. For teenagers osteotomy or bone cutting is often used to correct the bone deformity. The operation consists of removing a piece of tibia, breaking the fibula and straightening out the bone; there is also a choice of elongating the legs. If not treated early enough, the condition worsens quickly. Osteochondrodysplasia=== Guided growth surgery in children is widely used to achieve gradual correction of knee deformities arising from Osteochondrodysplasia including<unk> . Yet, this treatment is associated with a high incidence of recurrence and repeated surgeries may be needed to maintain proper bone alignment.
Genu varum
Cryptocotyle
Inoculum
Sequestrum
Scutulum
Genu valgum
Columella 
Caput medusae