<unk>  is a neurological disorder that is characterized by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation from<unk>  use. It also often coincides with<unk>  addiction which is a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of<unk>  and/or crack despite substantial harm and adverse consequences. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., abbreviated DSM-5), classifies problematic<unk>  use as a "Stimulant use disorder". The International Classification of Diseases (11th rev., abbreviated ICD-11), includes<unk> " as a classification (diagnosis) under "Disorders due to use of<unk> ”. The use of<unk>  creates euphoria and high amounts of energy. If taken in large doses, it is possible to cause mood swings, paranoia, insomnia, psychosis, high blood pressure, a fast heart rate, panic attacks, cognitive impairments and drastic changes in personality.<unk>  overdose may result in cardiovascular and brain damage, such as: constricting blood vessels in the brain, causing strokes and constricting arteries in the heart; causing heart attacks. The symptoms of<unk>  withdrawal range from moderate to severe: dysphoria, depression, anxiety, decreased libido, psychological and physical weakness, pain, and compulsive cravings.
Cocaine dependence
Nicotine dependence
Benzodiazepine dependence
Amphetamine dependence
Nicotine withdrawal
Opioid withdrawal
Drug withdrawal
Opioid use disorder