Symptoms of<unk> s mononucleosis are fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands. Sometimes, a swollen spleen or liver involvement may develop. Heart problems or involvement of the central nervous system occurs only rarely, and<unk> s mononucleosis is almost never fatal. There are no known associations between active EBV<unk>  and problems during pregnancy, such as miscarriages or birth defects. Although the symptoms of<unk> s mononucleosis usually resolve in 1 or 2 months, EBV remains dormant or latent in a few cells in the throat and blood for the rest of the person's life. Periodically, the virus can reactivate and is commonly found in the saliva of infected persons. Reactivated and post-latent virus may pass the placental<unk> ier in (also seropositive) pregnant women via macrophages and therefore can infect the fetus. Also re-infection of prior seropositive individuals may occur. In contrast, reactivation in adults usually occurs without symptoms of illness. EBV also establishes a lifelong dormant<unk>  in some cells of the body's immune system. A late event in a very few carriers of this virus is the emergence of Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, two rare cancers. EBV appears to play an important role in these malignancies, but is probably not the sole cause of disease. Most individuals exposed to people with<unk> s mononucleosis have previously been infected with EBV and are not at risk for<unk> s mononucleosis. In addition, transmission of EBV requires intimate contact with the saliva (found in the mouth) of an infected person. Transmission of this virus through the air or blood does not normally occur. The incubation period, or the time from<unk>  to appearance of symptoms, ranges from 2 to 6 weeks with 4 weeks being the most common. Persons with<unk> s mononucleosis may be able to spread the<unk>  to others for a period of weeks. However, no special precautions or isolation procedures are recommended, since the virus is also found frequently in the saliva of healthy people. In fact, many healthy people can carry and spread the virus intermittently for life. These people are usually the primary reservoir for person-to-person transmission. For this reason, transmission of the virus is almost impossible to prevent. The clinical diagnosis of<unk> s mononucleosis is suggested on the basis of the symptoms of fever, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and the age of the patient. Usually, laboratory tests are needed for confirmation. Serologic results for persons with<unk> s mononucleosis include an elevated white blood cell count, an increased percentage of certain atypical white blood cells, and a positive reaction to a "mono spot" test. EBV-associated diseases * Chronic active EBV<unk>  *<unk><unk><unk>  virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases * Hodgkin's disease * Acute kidney injury * Alice in Wonderland syndrome * Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) * Hairy leukoplakia * Hepatitis * Herpangina *<unk> s mononucleosis * Kikuchi's disease * Multiple sclerosis (higher risk in patients infected as teenagers than as children) * Nasopharyngeal cancer * Several Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, including Burkitt's lymphoma and primary cerebral lymphoma * Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder * Smooth muscle tumors * Stevens–Johnson syndrome * Subepithelial Infiltrates * New daily persistent headache (NDPH)
Epstein–Barr virus infection
Human papillomavirus infection
HIV superinfection
Social history of viruses
Tobacco smoking
Living with COVID-19
Hepatitis C and HIV coinfection
Nipah virus infection