<unk>  is due to a genetic polymorphism of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme that metabolises ingested alcohol. This polymorphism is most often reported in Asian patients. It can also be an effect or side effect associated with certain drugs such as disulfiram, metronidazole, or nilutamide. Stuffy nose and skin flushing are the most common symptoms when ingesting alcohol. It may also be characterized as<unk>  causing hangover symptoms similar to the "disulfiram-like reaction" of aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency or chronic fatigue syndrome. Severe pain after drinking alcohol may indicate a more serious condition. If people are intolerant, some non-alcoholic beverages may be a problem, similar to alcohol-containing medications, vinegar, inhalation of alcohol or the vapour of alcohol-containing cleaning agents. Drinking alcohol first or afterwards together with calcium cyanamide, an inorganic compound used as a fertilizer, can cause permanent or long lasting<unk>  (nitrolime disease), contributing together with other substances to the accumulation of harmful acetaldehyde by inhibiting the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.
Alcohol intolerance
Alcoholism
Alcohol abuse
Alcohol dependence
Chewing tobacco
Nicotine dependence
Vegetarianism
Fruitarianism