<unk> , penile duplication (PD),<unk>  terata, or<unk> sparatus, is an extremely rare developmental abnormality in which a male is born with two penises. The first reported case was by Johannes Jacob Wecker in 1609. Its occurrence is 1 in 5.5 million boys in the United States. When<unk>  is present, it is usually accompanied by renal, vertebral, hindgut, anorectal or other congenital anomalies. There is also a higher risk of spina bifida. Infants born with PD and its related conditions have a higher death rate from various infections associated with their more complex renal or colorectal systems. It is thought<unk>  occurs in the fetus between the 23rd and 25th days of gestation when an injury, chemical stress, or malfunctioning homeobox genes hamper proper function of the caudal cell mass of the fetal mesoderm as the urogenital sinus separates from the genital tubercle and rectum to form the penis. The first case was reported by Wecker in Bologna, Italy, in 1609, and since then, about one hundred cases have been reported. This condition has existed in humans since ancient times. The two external genitalia may vary in size and shape, either lying beside each other in a sagittal plane or one above the other in a frontal plane. According to Schneider classification in 1928, double penis is classified into three groups: (a) glans<unk> , (b) bifid<unk>  and (c) complete<unk>  or double penis. According to Vilanora and Raventos, in 1954, a fourth group called pseudodiphallia is added. The current widely accepted classification, introduced by Aleem in 1972, classifies double penis into two groups: true<unk>  and bifid phallus. True<unk>  is caused by cleavage of pubic tubercle; bifid phallus is caused by separation of pubic tubercle. Each of these two groups is further subdivided into partial or complete. True<unk>  is where each phallus has two corpora cavernosa and a single corpus spongiosum containing a urethra. True<unk>  can be either complete with both penises similar in size, or partial when one of the phallia is smaller in size or immature, though structurally same as the larger phallus. In bifid phallus, each phallus has only one corpus cavernosum and one corpus spongiosum containing a urethra. Separation of penises down to the base of the penile shaft is complete bifid, whereas to glans is partial bifid. For complete bifid phallus associated with anomalies, the anterior urethra is absent from each penis and the prostatic urethra is situated in the skin between the two penises. In partial bifid phallus, the duplication of urethra, corpora cavernous and corpus spongiosum in one penis is incomplete, and there is only a corpus cavernosum and a spongiosum surrounding the functioning urethra in the other penis.
Diphallia
Aphallia
Hypophonia
Aphonia
Puberphonia
Acrodynia
Paragraphia
Misophonia