<unk>  is a sub-specialty of orthopedics and podiatry that deals with the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of disorders of the<unk>  and<unk> . Orthopaedic surgeons are medically qualified, having been through four years of college, followed by 4 years of medical school to obtain an M.D. or D.O. followed by specialist training as a resident in orthopaedics, and only then do they sub-specialise in<unk> . Training for a podiatric<unk>  and<unk>  surgeon consists of four years of college, four years of podiatric medical school (D.P.M.), 3–4 years of a surgical residency and an optional 1 year fellowship. The distinction between a podiatric and orthopedic<unk>  and<unk>  surgeon is important: an orthopedic surgeon has a Doctor of Medicine or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine medical degree and training that encompasses both orthopedic residency and an optional 6-month to one year of fellowship training specific in techniques of<unk> , while the training of a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine consist of a podiatric medical degree and three to four-year residency training specific to<unk>  and<unk>  medicine and surgery, with an optional additional 1-year fellowship in<unk>  and<unk>  trauma, reconstruction, or diabetic limb salvage. In the UK much controversy exists on the scope of podiatrists practicing surgery and the British Orthopaedic Association, and the British Orthopaedic<unk>  and<unk>  Society produced a position statement on the importance of training and ongoing regulation of podiatrists practising podiatric forefoot surgery after certification and recommended that this should be to the same standard as that of medically qualified trauma and orthopaedic surgeons operating on the<unk>  and<unk> .
Foot and ankle surgery
Periradicular surgery
ArthroCare
Orthopedic surgery
Carpal tunnel surgery
Physiurgy
Shoulder surgery
Arthrology