Location of people, controls, and areas in France where persons are at risk for alveolar<unk> . See legend below the image. Regions Very few countries are considered to be completely free of E. granulosus. Areas of the world where there is a high rate of infection often coincide with rural, grazing areas where dogs are able to ingest organs from infected animals. E. multilocularis mainly occurs in the Northern hemisphere, including central Europe and the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. However, its distribution was not always like this. For instance, until the end of the 1980s, E. multilocularis endemic areas in Europe were known to exist only in France, Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. But during the 1990s and early 2000s, there was a shift in the distribution of E. multilocularis as the infection rate of foxes escalated in certain parts of France and Germany. As a result, several new endemic areas were found in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria and surrounding countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, and Italy. There is also evidence showing that the Baltic Countries are endemic areas. While alveolar<unk>  is not extremely common, it is believed that in the coming years it will be an emerging or re-emerging disease in certain countries as a result of E. multilocularis’ ability to spread. Unlike the previous two species of Echinococcus, E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus are limited to Central and South America. Furthermore, infections by E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus (polycystic<unk>  are considered to be the rarest form of<unk> . Deaths As of 2010 it caused about 1200 deaths, down from 2000 in 1990.
Echinococcosis
Cholangiocarcinoma
Cholangiosarcoma
Cryptococcosis
Alveolar hydatid disease
Liver angiosarcoma
Amoebic liver abscess
Hepatocellular carcinoma