An<unk> , endpoint, effect<unk>  or<unk>  of effect is a<unk>  within medical practice or research, (primarily clinical trials) which is used to assess the effect, both positive and negative, of an intervention or treatment.<unk> s can often be quantified using effect sizes.<unk> s can be patient-reported, or gathered through laboratory tests such as blood work, urine samples etc. or through medical examination.<unk> s should be relevant to the target of the intervention (be it a single person or a target population). Depending on the design of a trial,<unk> s can be either primary outcomes, in which case the trial is designed around finding an adequate study size (through proper randomization and power calculation). Secondary or tertiary outcomes are<unk> s which are added after the design of the study is finalized, for example when data has already been collected. A study can have multiple primary<unk> s.<unk> s can be divided into clinical endpoints and surrogate endpoints where the former is directly related to what the goal of the intervention, and the latter are indirectly related.
Outcome measure
Patient-reported outcome
Absolute threshold
Clinical endpoint
Emerging Themes in Epidemiology
Indicative limit value
Diagnosis-related group
Scientific consensus