The basal ganglia and thalamus are implicated in<unk>  syndrome. The exact mechanism affecting the inherited vulnerability has not been established, and the precise<unk> of<unk>  syndrome is not known. Tics are believed to result from dysfunction in the central nervous system, in the cortical and subcortical regions, the thalamus, basal ganglia, and frontal cortex of the brain. Neuroanatomic models implicate failures in circuits connecting the brain's cortex and subcortex, and imaging techniques implicate the basal ganglia and frontal cortex. Research presents considerable evidence that abnormal activity of the brain chemical, or neurotransmitter, dopamine is involved. Dopamine excess or supersensitivity of the postsynaptic dopamine receptors may be an underlying mechanism of<unk>  syndrome. Multiple neurotransmitters, like histamine (H3R), dopamine, serotonin, GABA and glutamate are involved in the etiology. After 2010, the central role of histamine (H3-receptor in the basal ganglia) came into focus in the pathophysiology of<unk>  syndrome. The striatum is the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia circuit in the disorder, which is linked to the involvement of the histaminergic H3-receptor.
Causes and origins of Tourette syndrome
Societal and cultural aspects of Tourette syndrome
Risk factors of schizophrenia
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
Eating disorders and memory
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder controversies
Global perceptions of autism
Cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder