Causes of chest pain range from non-serious to serious to life-threatening. In adults the most common causes of chest pain include: gastrointestinal (42%), coronary artery disease (31%), musculoskeletal (28%), pericarditis (4%) and pulmonary embolism (2%). Other less common causes include: pneumonia, lung cancer, and aortic aneurysms. Psychogenic causes of chest pain can include panic attacks; however, this is a diagnosis of exclusion. In children, the most common causes for chest pain are musculoskeletal (76-89%), exercise-induced asthma (4-12%), gastrointestinal illness (8%), and psychogenic causes (4%). Chest pain in children can also have congenital causes. Cardiovascular A blockage of coronary arteries can lead to a heart attack * Acute coronary syndrome * Stable or unstable angina *<unk><unk>  ("heart attack"): People usually complained of a pressure or squeezing sensation over the chest. Other associated symptoms are: excessive sweating, nausea, vomiting, and weakness. Chest pain is more commonly associated with anterior<unk>  because of left ventricular impairment; inferior<unk>  is more commonly associated with nausea, vomiting, and excessive sweating due to irritation of vagus nerve; lateral<unk>  is associated with left arm pain. * Prinzmetal's angina: Chest pain is caused by coronary vasospasm. More common in women younger than 50 years. Person usually complain of chest pain at rest. It may occur early in the morning which awaken person from sleep. * Cocaine use: This condition is suspected when a person with few or no risk of arteriosclerosis presented with non-traumatic chest pain. Ingestion of cocaine can cause vasoconstriction of coronary arteries, thus producing chest pain similar to heart attack. Symptoms can appear within one hour of cocaine use. * Aortic stenosis: This condition happens when the person has underlying congenital bicuspid valve, aortic sclerosis, or history of rheumatic fever. Chest pain usually happens during physical activity. Syncope is a late symptom. Signs and symptoms of heart failure may also present. On auscultation, loud ejection systolic murmur can be best heard at the right second intercostal space and radiates to the carotid artery in the neck. Splitting of second heart sound is heard in severe stenosis. * Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: It is the hypertrophy of interventricular septum that causes outflow obstruction of left ventricle. Dyspnea and chest pain commonly occurs during daily activities. Sometimes, syncope (fainting) may happen. On physical examination, significant findings include: loud systolic murmur and palpable triple apical impulse due to palpable presystolic fourth heart sound. * Aortic dissection is characterized by severe chest pain that radiates the back. It is usually associated with Marfan's syndrome and hypertension. On examination, murmur of aortic insufficiency can be heard with unequal radial pulses. * Pericarditis: This condition can be the result of viral infection such as coxsackie virus and echovirus, tuberculosis, autoimmune disease, uremia, and after<unk><unk>  (Dressler syndrome). The chest pain is often pleuritic in nature (associated with respiration) which is aggravated when lying down and relieved on sitting forward, sometimes, accompanied by fever. On auscultation, pericardial friction rub can be heard. * Cardiac tamponade * Arrhythmia: Atrial fibrillation and a number of other arrhythmias can cause chest pain. * Myocarditis * Mitral valve prolapse syndrome: Those affected are usually slim females presented with chest pain which is sharp in quality, localized at the apex, and relieved when lying down. Other symptoms include: shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations. On auscultation, midsystolic click followed by late systolic murmur can be heard, louder when person is in standing position. * Aortic aneurysm Respiratory * Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Chest pain usually happens during a strenuous activity or heavy exercise. * Bronchitis * Pulmonary embolism: Common signs and symptoms are shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, blood in sputum during cough, and lower limb swelling. Risk factors includes: recent surgery, malignancy, and bedridden state. Source of embolus usually comes from venous thromboembolism. * Pneumonia * Hemothorax * Pneumothorax: Those who are at a higher risk of developing pneumothorax are tall, slim male smokers who have had underlying lung diseases such as emphysema. Those affected can have a sharp chest pain which radiates to the shoulder of the same side. Physical examination revealed absent breath sounds and hyperresonance on the affected side of the chest. * Pleurisy * Tuberculosis * Tracheitis * Lung cancer Gastrointestinal Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common cause of chest pain in adults * Gastroesophageal reflux disease: The pain is aggravated when lying down or after meals. Persons may describe this as a heartburn. Besides, they may also complain of tasting bitter contents from the stomach. * Achalasia, nutcracker esophagus, and other motility disorders of the esophagus * Diffuse esophageal spasm: Unlike cardiac chest pain, esophageal pain is not related to activity. The pain is usually associated with swallowing of hot or cold water. * Esophageal rupture: Those affected usually complain of sudden, severe, and constant pain that starts from the neck to the upper abdomen. The pain is aggravated by swallowing. On examination, neck swelling and crepitations can be felt due to subcutaneous emphysema as free air is entering from esophagus into the subcutaneous tissue. * Esophagitis: There are many causes of esophagitis. Esophagitis caused by Candida albicans is usually found in chemotherapy or HIV patients. Medication such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and alendronate can induce esophagitis if not swallowed properly. * Functional dyspepsia * Hiatus hernia * Jackhammer esophagus (hypercontractile peristalsis): Intense long-lasting esophageal muscle spasm. * Acute cholecystitis: Characterized by positive Murphy's sign where the person has a cessation of inhalation when the doctor places his finger at the right subcostal region of the abdomen. * Acute pancreatitis: History of excessive alcohol use, cholelithiasis (stones in the gallbladder), and hypertriglyceridemia are risk factors for pancreatitis. It is a constant, boring pain in the upper abdomen. * Perforated peptic ulcer: Sudden onset of severe pain in the upper abdomen which later develops into peritonitis (inflammation of tissues that lines the abdominal organs). * Acute gastritis Chest wall * Costochondritis or Tietze's syndrome: An inflammation of a costochondral junction. Any movements or palpation of the chest can reproduce the symptoms. * Spinal nerve problem * Fibromyalgia * Chest wall problems * Radiculopathy * Precordial catch syndrome: Another benign and harmless form of a sharp, localized chest pain often mistaken for heart disease. * Breast conditions * Herpes zoster (shingles): It is usually described as a burning sensation over the chest in a unilateral dermatome distribution. However, diagnosis can be difficult because the pain usually appears before the characteristic rash is visible. * Tuberculosis * Osteoarthritis * Bornholm disease * Rib fracture Psychological * Panic attack: Chest pain is a common symptom of panic attacks, with as high as 78% of persons describing chest pain with their worst panic attacks. Overall chest pain is a symptom of up to 48% of sudden-onset panic attacks, and 10% of gradual-onset panic attacks. * Anxiety * Clinical depression * Somatization disorder * Hypochondria Others * Hyperventilation syndrome often presents with chest pain and a tingling sensation of the fingertips and around the mouth. * Da costa's syndrome * Carbon monoxide poisoning * Sarcoidosis * Lead poisoning * Prolapsed intervertebral disc * Thoracic outlet syndrome * Adverse effect from certain medications
symptom of Myocardial infarction
symptom of Arrhythmia
symptom of Heart failure
symptom of Pulmonary embolism
symptom of Coronary artery disease
symptom of Air embolism
symptom of Cardiovascular disease
symptom of Myocarditis