Mastoid cells of Lenoir The pathophysiology of<unk>  is straightforward: bacteria spread from the middle ear to the mastoid air cells, where the inflammation causes damage to the bony structures. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common organisms recovered in acute<unk> . Organisms that are rarely found are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative aerobic bacilli, and anaerobic bacteria. P. aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, S. aureus and anaerobic bacteria (Prevotella, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus spp. ) are the most common isolates in chronic<unk> . Rarely, Mycobacterium species can also cause the infection. Some<unk>  is caused by cholesteatoma, which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually results from repeated middle-ear infections. If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing<unk> , as well as other complications.
Mastoiditis
Tympanites
Sinusitis
Rhinosinusitis
Aerosinusitis
Nasal vestibulitis
Vestibular adenitis
Labyrinthitis