<unk>  is used both to treat and to prevent HIV/AIDS. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people with HIV/AIDS. HIV prevention The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the use of<unk>  for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for uninfected, HIV-1 negative individuals that may be at risk for HIV-1 infection. A Cochrane review found that both<unk>  alone, as well as the<unk> /emtricitabine combination, decreased the risk of contracting HIV by 51%. It was approved for PrEP against HIV infection in the United States in 2012. The CDC recommends PrEP be considered for the following high-risk groups: * Individuals in an ongoing sexual relationship with an HIV-positive partner * Gay or bisexual men who either have had anal sex without a condom or been diagnosed with an STD in the past six months * Heterosexual men or women who do not regularly use condoms during sex with partners of unknown HIV status who are substantial risk * Injection of drugs in the last six months with sharing of equipment * Serodiscordant heterosexual and homosexual partners. where one partner is HIV-positive and the other HIV-negative The consideration of utilizing<unk>  as a reduction strategy involves discussion with a health professional who can help the patient navigate the benefits and risks. Patients are advised to discuss any history of bone issues, kidney issues, or hepatitis B infection with their health care provider. Effectiveness of PrEP for prevention of infection is reliant on an individual's ability to take the medication consistently.<unk>  is also used for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. People who start taking<unk>  see HIV reduction benefit up to 72 hours after starting, but the medicine must be taken for thirty days after a high-risk sexual event to ensure HIV transmission levels are optimally reduced. Truvada as PrEP should not be used for individuals that are positive for HIV-1. HIV treatment<unk>  has been approved in the United States as part of antiretroviral combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1. The combination therapy is suggested as one of the options for adults who have not received any prior treatment for HIV infection. Hepatitis B Both<unk>  and<unk>  are indicated for the treatment of hepatitis B, with the added benefit that they can target HIV for those with co-infection.<unk>  may also be considered for some antiviral resistant hepatitis B infections. Pregnancy and breastfeeding In the United States, it is recommend that all pregnant HIV-infected women start antiretroviral therapy (ART) as early in pregnancy as possible to reduce risk of transmission. ART generally does not increase risk of birth defects with exception of dolutegravir, which is not recommended during first trimester of pregnancy only due to potential risk of neural tube defects.<unk>  is secreted in breast milk. In developed countries, HIV-infected mothers are generally recommended to not breastfeed due to slight risk of mother-to-children HIV transmission. In developing countries, where avoiding breastfeeding may not be an option, the World Health Organization recommends a triple drug regimen of<unk> , efavirenz, and either lamivudine or<unk> .
Emtricitabine/tenofovir
Baloxavir marboxil
Lamivudine/zidovudine
Fosamprenavir
Lamivudine/tenofovir
Lamivudine/raltegravir
Dolutegravir/lamivudine
Lopinavir/ritonavir