The mechanisms of action for paraprobiotics is less understood, though the possible mechanisms include immune system regulation and interference with pathogen attachment to host cells. Limited research hypothesises that immobilised paraprobiotics release key bacterial components, such as lipoteichoic acids, peptidoglycans, or exopolysaccharides which exhibit key immunomodulating effects and antagonising properties against pathogens.
Postbiotic
Probiotic
Prebiotic 
Cathartic
Toxoid
Antiparasitic
Biopharmaceutical
Anthelmintic