Severe<unk> ng resulting from yard work injury Increased distress to tissue causes capillaries to break under the skin, allowing blood to escape and build up. As time progresses, blood seeps into the surrounding tissues, causing the<unk>  to darken and spread. Nerve endings within the affected tissue detect the increased pressure, which, depending on severity and location, may be perceived as pain or pressure or be asymptomatic. The damaged capillary endothelium releases endothelin, a hormone that causes narrowing of the blood vessel to minimize bleeding. As the endothelium is destroyed, the underlying von Willebrand factor is exposed and initiates coagulation, which creates a temporary clot to plug the wound and eventually leads to restoration of normal tissue. During this time, larger<unk> s may change color due to the breakdown of hemoglobin from within escaped red blood cells in the extracellular space. The striking colors of a<unk>  are caused by the phagocytosis and sequential degradation of hemoglobin to biliverdin to bilirubin to hemosiderin, with hemoglobin itself producing a red-blue color, biliverdin producing a green color, bilirubin producing a yellow color, and hemosiderin producing a golden-brown color. As these products are cleared from the area, the<unk>  disappears. Often the underlying tissue damage has been repaired long before this process is complete.
Bruise
Biovail
Moulage
Caustic pencil
Hangover
Gauze
Crutch
Bodywork 