Symptoms: *Anhedonia *Apraxia *Aphasia *Amnesia Behavioral manifestations: *Adynamia *Disinhibition *Emotional flooding *Perseveration Emotional<unk>  has been associated with a number of emotional difficulties such as depression, issues with self-control, managing anger impulses and challenges with problem-solving, these challenges also contribute to psychosocial concerns involving social anxiety, loneliness and lower levels of self esteem. These psychosocial problems have been found to contribute to other dilemmas such as reduced frequency of social contact and leisure activities, unemployment, family problems and marital difficulties. How the patient copes with the injury has been found to influence the level at which they experience the emotional complications correlated with<unk> . Three coping strategies for emotions related to<unk>  have presented themselves in the research, approach-oriented coping, passive coping and avoidant coping. Approach-oriented coping has been found to be the most effective strategy, as it has been negatively correlated with rates of apathy and depression in<unk>  patients; this coping style is present in individuals who consciously work to minimize the emotional challenges of<unk> . Passive coping has been characterized by the person choosing not to express emotions and a lack of motivation which can lead to poor outcomes for the individual. Increased levels of depression have been correlated to avoidance coping methods in patients with<unk> ; this strategy is represented in people who actively evade coping with emotions. These challenges and coping strategies should be kept in consideration when seeking to understand individuals suffering from<unk> . Memory Following<unk>  it is common for patients to experience memory loss; memory disorders are one of the most prevalent cognitive deficits experienced in sufferers. However, because some aspects of memory are directly linked to attention, it can be challenging to assess what components of a deficit are caused by memory and which are fundamentally attention problems. There is often partial recovery of memory functioning following the initial recovery phase; however, permanent handicaps are often reported with<unk>  patients reporting significantly more memory difficulties when compared people without an<unk> . In order to cope more efficiently with memory disorders many people with<unk>  use memory aids; these included external items such as diaries, notebooks and electronic organizers, internal strategies such as visual associations, and environmental adaptations such as labelling kitchen cupboards. Research has found that<unk>  patients use an increased number of memory aids after their injury than they did prior to it and these aids vary in their degree of effectiveness. One popular aid is the use of a diary. Studies have found that the use of a diary is more effective if it is paired with self-instructional<unk> ing, as<unk> ing leads to more frequent use of the diary over time and thus more successful use as a memory aid.
Acquired brain injury
Complications of traumatic brain injury
Sports-related traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury
Primary and secondary brain injury
Combined drug intoxication
Childhood acquired brain injury
Pediatric concussion