Frequent causes of<unk>  include injuries such as sprains and medical conditions such as arthritis (specifically osteoarthritis). Sprained<unk>  One of the most frequent causes of<unk>  pain (accounting for around 85 percent of total<unk>  - according to the National University of Health Sciences (NUHS)) a sprain occurs when the<unk>  is twisted, causing the ligaments to be over-stretched , or even (in the most severe cases) torn. Most<unk>  sprains are lateral sprains that occur when the foot rolls, causing the side of the<unk>  to be pressed to the ground. Small blood vessels rupture in the process and cause the<unk>  to swell and damage may also occur to the ligaments, these constituting a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissues holding the bones together. Rolling of the<unk>  may also damage cartilage or tendons. A sprained<unk>  will usually display signs of swelling and bruising for one to two weeks, although more serious cases may take several months to heal fully. Athletes run a greater risk of sprained<unk> s - more especially players of ball games such as football, basketball and volleyball. Out of every 10 people with severe<unk>  sprains, between 1 and 2 suffer chronic instability of the affected joint. A sprained<unk>  may remain permanently weakened and of compromised stability following the healing of the injury. The biggest risk factor for an<unk>  sprain is a previous<unk>  sprain, according to a review published by the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). Gout Gout occurs in the body when uric acid (a by-product of normal cellular breakdown) accumulates to a level of concentration higher than normal, depositing crystals in the joints and causing sharp pain. Other conditions include pseudogout, which results from calcium deposits building up in the joints. The symptoms of gout often include pain, redness and swelling. Osteoarthritis Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints, causing swelling in and around the joints of the body and their surrounding soft tissues. This inflammation can cause pain and stiffness and is one of the most common causes of<unk> . In many types of arthritis, progressive joint degeneration in the joint occurs and smooth "buffered" cartilage is gradually lost, causing the bones rub against each other and wear, as well as the soft joint tissue. Arthritis can be unbearably painful and can lead ultimately to limited movement, serious loss of joint function and even deformity of affected joints. There are many types of arthritis, of which osteoarthritis is very common cause of<unk>  pain. This is caused by cumulative wear and tear of the joint and may also result in swelling and deformity. It occurs most frequently in the old, with the likelihood of osteoarthritis increasing with age. How osteoarthritis influences the feet and<unk> s The human foot has 28 bones and more than 30 joints. The following foot joints are those most commonly affected by osteoarthritis: * The three foot joints, including the heel, the medial and the mid-foot bone * big toe and foot bone joint * Joints at which the<unk>  and the tibia meet Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis constitutes yet another possible cause of pain in the<unk> . Tendonitis Tendonitis is one of the most common causes of pain in the foot or<unk> . The muscles of the legs, feet and<unk> s are fixed to the bones by tendons, which are strong rope-like structures. Tendonitis is inflammation around a tendon, leading to pain experienced during and after activity, which abates temporarily, but returns upon resumption of exercise. Common forms of tendonitis affecting the foot and<unk>  include Achilles tendonitis, posterior tibial tendonitis, peroneal tendinosis, flexor tendonitis, and extensor tendonitis. Self-care measures usually heal these injuries in a few weeks Common causes * Overuse: The most common cause of tendonitis is overuse, which means that the tendon is overstretched and may be slightly pulled apart or torn. This happens when activities increase, including everything from walking to participating in competitive sports. *Sports Injury: Rapid lateral movements and changes in direction place stress on the tendons of the<unk> . Such movements are common in trail running, soccer, and basketball. * Abnormal foot structure:<unk>  such as flat feet or high arches can create muscle imbalances that put pressure on one or more tendons. * Trauma: Injury to the foot or<unk>  can cause tendinitis. This can happen by sudden and powerful actions such as jumping. Another form of trauma is chronic friction on the shoe, which usually occurs at the top of the foot or heel, causing tendinitis in these areas. * Medical conditions: Certain diseases that cause general inflammation can cause tendinitis. Inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis, gout and spondyloarthropathy can cause Achilles tendinitis or posterior tendonitis. * Nerve damage such as sciatica * Blocked blood vessels Joint infection Septic arthritis is a type of arthritis caused by bacterial or fungal infection of the<unk>  region. Injuries Injuries can cause<unk> , for example, tripping or going over on the<unk> .
Ankle problems
Shoulder problem
Lid lag
Diabetic shoe
Diseases of the foot
Angular limb deformity
Habit-tic deformity
Ape hand deformity