<unk>  (SPT) is an inflammatory process that, in conjunction with the physiological conditions of postpartum and proximity with potentially infected tissues (e.g. endometrium, chorion, amniotic fluid), leads to the formation of a clot blocking the ovarian vein. Injury of the ovarian vein endothelium during delivery or<unk>  operations and bacterial invasion from nearby tissues triggers an inflammatory response within the vein wall. Bacteria, viruses and physical trauma can trigger prothrombic processes within the body through inflammation and tissue factor expression on endothelial cells and monocytes that activates the intrinsic coagulation pathway. In addition to the intravascular vessel wall damage, Virchow's triad of thrombogenesis is completed by the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy up to 6 weeks postpartum and blood stasis from both laying down in a hospital bed for an extended amount of time without walking and pregnancy-induced ovarian venous dilatation. Deep vein thrombosis is generally a concern in operations involving the<unk>  or lower extremities wherein during recovery, a person's ability to ambulate is limited after the operation. Blood stasis and thrombogenesis within the ovarian vein specifically is especially of concern after cesarean sections due to the combination of inevitable physical trauma to the intima of<unk>  blood vessels, the three-fold increase in diameter if the ovarian veins, and that pooling of the blood in the<unk>  as this is the lowest part of the person while laying in a hospital bed. Notably, most cases of SPT involve the right ovarian vein rather than the left ovarian vein due to its greater length, weaker valves, and left-to-right venous flow in the<unk>  region while sitting in the upright position. Ovarian veins have close connections with the uterine and vaginal venous plexuses that are in proximity to tissues commonly host to pathogens, notably in cases of vaginosis or endometritis. Pathogens from these adjacent tissues infect the forming clot, and contributing to a positive feedback loop of inflammation. Bacterial organisms associated with SPT include anaerobic and aerobic streptococci, Proteus species, Bacteriodes species, staphylococci, E. coli, and Klebsiella. Sepsis occurs after the pathogens infect and proliferate in the thrombus within the lumen, leading to persistent bacteremia. Fatal complications include<unk>  shock and<unk>  pulmonary embolism, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis
Cervicitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Oophoritis
Parotitis
Vaginitis
Ovarian vein syndrome
Appendicitis