<unk>  is associated with hypertension (high blood pressure) and many connective tissue disorders. Vasculitis (inflammation of an artery) is rarely associated with<unk> . It can also be the result of chest trauma. About 72 to 80% of individuals who present with an<unk>  have a previous history of hypertension. Illicit drug use with stimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine is also a modifiable risk factor for<unk> . It can also be caused by smoking. A bicuspid aortic valve (a type of congenital heart disease involving the aortic valve) is found in 7–14% of individuals who have an<unk> . These individuals are prone to<unk>  in the ascending aorta. The risk of<unk>  in individuals with bicuspid aortic valves is not associated with the degree of stenosis of the valve. Connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Loeys–Dietz syndrome increase the risk of<unk> . Similarly, vasculitides such as Takayasu's arteritis, giant cell arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, and Behçet's disease have been associated with a subsequent<unk> . Marfan Syndrome is found in 5–9% of individuals who had an<unk> . In this subset, the incidence in young individuals is increased. Individuals with Marfan syndrome tend to have aneurysms of the aorta and are more prone to proximal<unk> s of the aorta. Turner syndrome also increases the risk of<unk> , by aortic root dilatation. Chest trauma leading to<unk>  can be divided into two groups based on cause: blunt chest trauma (commonly seen in car accidents) and iatrogenic. Iatrogenic causes include trauma during cardiac catheterization or due to an intra-aortic balloon pump.<unk>  may be a late sequela of heart surgery. About 18% of individuals who present with an acute<unk>  have a history of open-heart surgery. Individuals who have undergone aortic valve replacement for aortic insufficiency are at particularly high risk because aortic regurgitation causes increased blood flow in the ascending aorta. This can cause dilatation and weakening of the walls of the ascending aorta. Syphilis only potentially causes<unk>  in its tertiary stage.
Aortic dissection
Costochondritis
Aortic rupture
Tietze syndrome  Tietze syndrome  1
Acute aortic syndrome
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Aortoenteric fistula
Myocardial rupture