The cause of<unk>  is currently not well understood. There are two theories to explain it; the first theory postulates that urea transport from the brain cells is slowed in chronic kidney disease, leading to a large urea concentration gradient, which results in reverse osmosis. The second theory postulates that organic compounds are increased in uremia to protect the brain and result in injury by, like in the first theory, reverse osmosis. More recent studies on rats noted that brain concentrations of organic osmolytes were not increased relative to baseline after rapid<unk> . Cerebral edema was thus attributed to osmotic effects related to a high urea gradient between plasma and brain.
Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
Conorenal syndrome
Acute uric acid nephropathy
Papillorenal syndrome
Transfusion associated circulatory overload
Cardiorenal syndrome
Hepatorenal syndrome
Hyperosmolar syndrome