There is currently no cure for or treatment specific to<unk> . Management is focused on the complications of the disease, particularly those related to the lungs and heart, which are life-threatening. Complications relating to the cardiopulmonary system account for 70% of deaths due to<unk> 1. Compromised lung function can, in turn, contribute to life-threatening complications during anesthesia and pregnancy. Lung complications are the leading cause of death in<unk> 1, warranting lung function monitoring with pulmonary function tests every 6 months. Central sleep apnea or obstructive sleep apnea may cause excessive daytime sleepiness, and these individuals should undergo a sleep study. Non-invasive ventilation may be offered if there is an abnormality. Otherwise, there is evidence for the use of modafinil as a central nervous system stimulant, although a Cochrane review has described the evidence thus far as inconclusive. Cardiac complications are the second leading cause of death in<unk> 1, and commonly no symptoms are present prior to adverse events. All affected individuals are advised to have an annual or biennial ECG. Pacemaker insertion may be required for individuals with cardiac conduction abnormalities. Improving the quality of life which can be measured using specific questionnaires is also a main objective of the medical care. Physical activity There is a lack of high-quality evidence to determine the effectiveness and the safety of physical activities for people who have<unk> . Further research is required to determine if combined strength and aerobic training at moderate intensity is safe for people who have neuromuscular diseases, however the combination of aerobic and strength exercises may increase muscle strength. Aerobic exercise via stationary bicycle with an ergometer may be safe and effective in improving fitness in people with<unk> 1. Cardiovascular impairments and<unk>  sensitivities to exercise and temperature necessitate close monitoring of people and educating people in self-monitoring during exercise via the Borg scale, heart rate monitors, and other physical exertion measurements. Orthotics Muscular weakness of dorsiflexors (dorsiflexion) hinders the ability to clear the floor during the swing phase of gait and people may adopt a steppage gait pattern or ankle-foot-orthotics may be indicated. Factors such as hand function, skin integrity, and comfort must be assessed prior to prescription. Neck braces can also be prescribed for neck muscle weakness. Mobility aids and adaptive equipment Upper and lower limb weakness, visual impairments and<unk>  may lead to the need for mobility aids and functional adaptive equipment such as buttonhooks and handled sponges for optimal hand function. If assistive devices and home adaptations are needed, physical therapists may refer on to occupational therapist(s) for further assessment.
Myotonic dystrophy
Prader–Willi syndrome
Becker muscular dystrophy
Myotonia congenita
Muscular dystrophy
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy
Madras motor neuron disease
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy