The International Association for the Study of Pain defines chronic pain as pain with no biological value, that persists past normal tissue healing. The DSM-5 recognizes one chronic pain disorder, somatic symptom disorders. The criteria include pain lasting longer than six months. The International Classification of Disease, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11) suggests seven categories for chronic pain. # Chronic primary pain: defined by 3 months of persistent pain in one or more regions of the body that is unexplainable by another pain condition. # Chronic cancer pain: defined as cancer or treatment related visceral (within the internal organs), musculoskeletal, or bony pain. # Chronic post-traumatic pain: pain lasting 3 months after an injury or surgery, excluding infectious or pre-existing conditions. # Chronic neuropathic pain: pain caused by damage to the somatosensory nervous system. # Chronic headache and orofacial pain: pain that originates in the head or face, and occurs for 50% or more days over a 3 months period. # Chronic visceral pain: pain originating in an internal organ. # Chronic musculoskeletal pain: pain originating in the bones, muscles, joints or connective tissue. Chronic pain may be divided into "nociceptive" (caused by inflamed or damaged tissue activating specialized pain sensors called nociceptors), and "neuropathic" (caused by damage to or malfunction of the nervous system). Nociceptive pain can be divided into "superficial" and "deep", and deep pain into "deep somatic" and "visceral". Superficial pain is initiated by activation of nociceptors in the skin or superficial tissues. Deep somatic pain is initiated by stimulation of nociceptors in ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, fasciae and muscles, and is dull, aching, poorly-localized pain. Visceral pain originates in the viscera (organs). Visceral pain may be well-localized, but often it is extremely difficult to locate, and several visceral regions produce "referred" pain when damaged or inflamed, where the sensation is located in an area distant from the site of pathology or injury. Neuropathic pain is divided into "peripheral" (originating in the peripheral nervous system) and "central" (originating in the brain or spinal cord). Peripheral neuropathic pain is often described as "burning", "tingling", "electrical", "stabbing", or "pins and needles".
symptom of Scheuermann's disease
symptom of Prader–Willi syndrome
symptom of Rotor syndrome
symptoms of Rotor syndrome
symptom of Klinefelter syndrome
symptom of Klippel–Feil syndrome
symptom of Laron syndrome
symptom of Hirschsprung's disease