<unk>  <unk>  or infrequently<unk>  is a personality<unk>  characterized by a long-term pattern of disregard of, or violation of, the rights of others as well as a difficulty sustaining long-term relationships. A weak or nonexistent conscience is often apparent, as well as a history of rule-breaking that can sometimes lead to law-breaking, a tendency towards substance abuse, and impulsive and aggressive behavior.<unk>  behaviors often have their onset before the age of 8, and in nearly 80% of<unk>  cases, the subject will develop their first symptoms by age 11. The prevalence of<unk>  peaks in people age 24 to 44 years old, and often decreases in people age 45 to 64 years. In the United States, the rate of<unk>  in the general population is estimated between 0.5 and 3.5 percent. However, settings can greatly influence the prevalence of<unk> . In a study by Donald W. Black MD, a random sampling of 320 newly incarcerated offenders found<unk>  was present in over 35 percent of those surveyed.<unk>  is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental<unk> s (DSM), while the equivalent concept of dissocial personality<unk>  (DPD) is defined in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD); the primary theoretical distinction between the two is that<unk>  focuses on observable behaviours, while dissocial personality<unk>  focuses on affective deficits. Otherwise, both manuals provide similar criteria for diagnosing the<unk> . Both have also stated that their diagnoses have been referred to, or include what is referred to, as psychopathy or sociopathy. However, some researchers have drawn distinctions between the concepts of<unk>  and psychopathy, with many researchers arguing that psychopathy is a<unk>  that overlaps with but is distinguishable from<unk> .
Antisocial personality disorder
Sadistic personality disorder
Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
Psychopathy
Haltlose personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Self-defeating personality disorder
Organic personality disorder