<unk>  is common and can be treated. The<unk> d<unk> s must be stopped for the patient's headache to resolve, though there is limited evidence to suggest this can be done without using other preventive measures. Clinical data shows that the treatment of election is abrupt drugs withdrawal, followed by starting prophylactic therapy. However, the discontinuation of<unk> d drugs may lead to the initial worsening of headaches, nausea, vomiting, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and restlessness. These symptoms greatly depend on the previously<unk> d drugs and typically last from two to ten days. They are relieved by the further intake of the<unk> d<unk> , which might reinforce the continuation of<unk>  and noncompliance toward discontinuation. Where physical dependence or a rebound effect such as rebound headache is possible, gradual reduction of<unk>  may be necessary. It is important that the patient's physician be consulted before abruptly discontinuing certain<unk> s as such a course of action has the potential to induce medically significant physical withdrawal symptoms. Abruptly discontinuing butalbital, for example, can actually induce seizures in some patients, although simple over the counter analgesics can safely be stopped by the patient without medical supervision. A long-acting analgesic/anti-inflammatory, such as naproxen (500 mg twice a day), can be used to ease headache during the withdrawal period. Two months after the completion of a<unk>  withdrawal, patients suffering from<unk>  typically notice a marked reduction in headache frequency and intensity. Drug withdrawal is performed very differently within and across countries. Most physicians prefer inpatients programmes, however effective drug withdrawal may also be achieved in an outpatient setting in uncomplicated<unk>  patients (i.e. subjects without important co-morbidities, not<unk> ng opioids or ergotaminics and who are at their first detoxification attempt). In the absence of evidence-based indications, in<unk>  patients the choice of preventive agent should be based on the primary headache type (migraine or TTH), on the drug side-effect profile, on the presence of co-morbid and co-existent conditions, on patient's preferences, and on previous therapeutic experiences. Following an initial improvement of headache with the return to an episodic pattern, a relevant proportion (up to 45%) of patients relapse, reverting to the<unk>  of symptomatic drugs. Predictors of the relapse, and that could influence treatment strategies, are considered the type of primary headache, from which<unk>  has evolved, and the type of drug abused (analgesics, and mostly combination of analgesics, but also drugs containing barbiturates or tranquillisers cause significantly higher relapse rates), while gender, age, duration of disease and previous intake of preventative treatment do not seem to predict relapse rate.<unk>  is clearly a cause of disability and, if not adequately treated, it represents a condition of risk of possible co-morbidities associated to the excessive intake of drugs that are not devoid of side-effect.<unk>  can be treated through withdrawal of the<unk> d drug(s) and by means of specific approaches that focus on the development of a close doctor-patient relationship in the post-withdrawal period.
Medication overuse headache
Lupus headache
Vascular headache
Cluster headache
Cervicogenic headache
External compression headache
Cold-stimulus headache
Red wine headache