Symptoms can sometimes come and go with wave-like re-occurrences or fluctuations in severity of symptoms. Common symptoms include impaired cognition, irritability, depressed mood, and anxiety; all of which may reach severe levels which can lead to relapse. The protracted withdrawal<unk>  from benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol and other addictive substances can produce symptoms identical to generalized anxiety disorder as well as panic disorder. Due to the sometimes prolonged nature and severity of benzodiazepine, opioid and alcohol withdrawal, abrupt cessation is not advised. Hypothesized symptoms of<unk>  are: * Psychosocial dysfunction * Anhedonia * Depression * Impaired interpersonal skills * Obsessive-compulsive behaviour * Feelings of guilt * Autonomic disturbances * Pessimistic thoughts * Impaired Attentional control * Lack of initiative * Craving * Inability to think clearly * Memory problems * Emotional overreactions or numbness * Sleep disturbances * Extreme fatigue * Physical coordination problems * Stress sensitivity * Increased sensitivity to pain * Panic disorder * Psychosis * Generalized anxiety disorder * Sleep disturbance (dreams of using, behaviors associated with the life style) *Mourning (the change in lifestyle) Symptoms occur intermittently, but are not always present. They are made worse by stress or other triggers and may arise at unexpected times and for no apparent reason. They may last for a short while or longer. Any of the following may trigger a temporary return or worsening of the symptoms of<unk> : * Stressful and/or frustrating situations * Multitasking * Feelings of anxiety, fearfulness or anger * Social conflicts * Unrealistic expectations of oneself<unk><unk>  benzodiazepine withdrawal Disturbances in mental function can persist for several months or years after withdrawal from benzodiazepines. Psychotic depression persisting for more than a year following benzodiazepine withdrawal has been documented in the medical literature. The patient had no prior psychiatric history. The symptoms reported in the patient included, major depressive disorder with psychotic features, including persistent depressed mood, poor concentration, decreased appetite, insomnia, anhedonia, anergia and psychomotor retardation. The patient also experienced paranoid ideation (believing she was being poisoned and persecuted by co-employees), accompanied by sensory hallucinations. Symptoms developed after abrupt withdrawal of chlordiazepoxide and persisted for 14 months. Various psychiatric medications were trialed which were unsuccessful in alleviating the symptomatology. Symptoms were completely relieved by recommending chlordiazepoxide for irritable bowel<unk>  14 months later. Another case report, reported similar phenomenon in a female patient who abruptly reduced her diazepam dosage from 30 mg to 5 mg per day. She developed electric shock sensations, depersonalisation, anxiety, dizziness, left temporal lobe EEG spiking activity, hallucinations, visual perceptual and sensory distortions which persisted for years. A clinical trial of patients taking the benzodiazepine alprazolam (Xanax) for 8 weeks triggered protracted symptoms of memory deficits which were still present after up to 8 weeks<unk>  cessation of alprazolam. Dopamine agonist protracted withdrawal After long-term use of dopamine agonists, a withdrawal<unk>  may occur during dose reduction or discontinuation with the following possible side effects: anxiety, panic attacks, dysphoria, depression, agitation, irritability, suicidal ideation, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, generalized pain, and drug cravings. For some individuals, these withdrawal symptoms are short-lived and make a full recovery, for others a protracted withdrawal<unk>  may occur with withdrawal symptoms persisting for months or years.
Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Nicotine withdrawal
Secondary poisoning
Drug withdrawal
Opioid withdrawal
Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome