Pork sausages eaten raw by consumers caused an outbreak of trichinellosis in 2015 in France. About 11 million humans are infected with Trichinella; T. spiralis is the species responsible for most of these infections. Infection was once very common, but this disease is now rare in the developed world, but two known outbreaks occurred in 2015. In the first outbreak, around 40 people were infected in Liguria, Italy, during a New Year's Eve celebration. The second outbreak in France was associated with pork sausages from Corsica, which were eaten raw. The incidence of<unk>  in the U.S. has decreased dramatically in the past century from an average of 400 cases per year mid-20th century down to an annual average of 20 cases per year (2008–10). The number of cases has decreased because of legislation prohibiting the feeding of raw meat garbage to hogs, increased commercial and home freezing of pork, and the public awareness of the danger of eating raw or undercooked pork products. China reports around 10,000 cases every year, so is the country with the highest number of cases. In China, between 1964 and 1998, over 20,000 people became infected with<unk> , and more than 200 people died.<unk>  is common in developing countries where meat fed to pigs is raw or undercooked, but infections also arise in developed countries in Europe where raw or undercooked pork, wild boar and horse meat may be consumed as delicacies. In the developing world, most infections are associated with undercooked pork. For example, in Thailand, between 200 and 600 cases are reported annually around the Thai New Year. This is mostly attributable to a particular delicacy, larb, which calls for undercooked pork as part of the recipe. In parts of Eastern Europe, the World Health Organization reports, some swine herds have<unk>  infection rates above 50%, with correspondingly large numbers of human infections. United States Historically, pork products were thought to have the most risk of infecting humans with T. spiralis. However, a<unk>  surveillance conducted between 1997 and 2001 showed a higher percentage of cases caused by consumption of wild game (the sylvatic transmission cycle). This is thought to be due to the Federal Swine Health Protection Act (Public Law 96-468) that was passed by Congress in 1980. Prior to this act, swine were fed garbage that could potentially be infected by T. spiralis. This act was put in place to prevent trichinella-contaminated food from being given to swine. Additionally, other requirements were put in place, such as rodent control, limiting commercial swine contact with wildlife, maintaining good hygiene, and removing dead pigs from pens immediately. Between 2002 and 2007, 11<unk>  cases were reported to the CDC each year on average in the United States, and 2008–10 averaged 20 cases per year; these were mostly the result of consuming undercooked game (sylvatic transmission) or home-reared pigs (domestic transmission). Religious groups The kashrut and halal dietary laws of Judaism and Islam prohibit eating pork. In the 19th century, when the association between<unk>  and undercooked pork was first established, this association was suggested to be the reason for the prohibition, reminiscent of the earlier opinion of medieval Jewish philosopher Maimonides that food forbidden by Jewish law was "unwholesome". This theory was controversial, and eventually fell out of favor. Reemergence The disappearance of the pathogen from domestic pigs has led to a relaxation of legislation and control efforts by veterinary public health systems.<unk>  has lately been thought of as a re-emerging zoonosis, supplemented by the increased distribution of meat products, political changes, a changing climate, and increasing sylvatic transmission. Major sociopolitical changes can produce conditions that favor the resurgence of Trichinella infections in swine and, consequently, in humans. For instance, "the overthrow of the social and political structures in the 1990s" in Romania led to an increase in the incidence rate of<unk> .
Trichinosis
Dermatomyositis
Trichuriasis
Measles
Trichiasis
Gastroenteritis
Trichomoniasis
Naegleriasis