There are no adequate data from randomised controlled trials. Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers has been shown to be beneficial and should be given to all patients unless otherwise contraindicated. General renoprotective measures and the treatment of the complications of nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure are adjunctive. Corticosteroid treatment can be useful in patients who do not respond to initial treatment. There is some evidence that ciclosporin might be helpful in selective cases, however further study of both steroids and ciclosporin is needed before these types of drugs can be considered standard treatment.
HIV-associated nephropathy
Malarial nephropathy
Lupus nephritis
Mesoamerican nephropathy
IgA nephropathy
Sickle cell nephropathy
Balkan endemic nephropathy
Trench nephritis