<unk>  are examinations of the physical and chemical properties of urine and its microscopic appearance to aid in medical diagnosis. The term urinalysis—a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis—generally refers to the gross (macroscopic) examination of the urine, chemical evaluation using urine<unk> strips, and microscopic examination. Macroscopic examination targets parameters that can be measured with the naked eye (or other senses), including volume, color, transparency, odor, and specific gravity; urine<unk> strips measure chemical properties such as pH, glucose concentration, and protein levels; and light microscopy is performed to identify elements such as cells, urinary casts, crystals, and organisms. Other analyses routinely performed on urine samples include urine electrolyte levels, drug<unk> ng, pregnancy<unk> ng and microbiological culture.
Clinical urine tests
Urine cytology
Urinary tract ultrasound
Urine test strip
Urine collection device
Renal ultrasonography
Urine organic acids
Cystometry