<unk>  is indicated in the United States for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in adults, travelers' diarrhea in those age 12 and older, and reduction in risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence in adults. Irritable bowel syndrome<unk>  is approved in the United States for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. It possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, and is a nonabsorbable antibiotic that acts locally in the gut. These properties make it efficacious in relieving chronic functional symptoms of non-constipation type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It appears to retain its therapeutic properties for this indication, even after repeated courses.<unk>  is particularly indicated where small intestine bacterial overgrowth is suspected of involvement in a person's IBS. Symptom relief or improvement can be obtained for global IBS symptoms, including: abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, and stool consistency. A drawback is that repeated courses may be necessary for relapse of symptoms. There is evidence that<unk>  can be curative in some people with IBS. C. difficile infection<unk>  may also be a useful addition to vancomycin when treating patients with relapsing C. difficile infection. However, the quality of evidence of these studies was judged to be low. Because exposure to rifamycins in the past may increase risk for resistance,<unk>  should be avoided in such cases. Hepatic encephalopathy In the United States,<unk>  has orphan drug status for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Although high-quality evidence is still lacking,<unk>  appears to be as effective as, or more effective than, other available treatments for hepatic encephalopathy (such as lactulose), is better tolerated, and may work faster.<unk>  is taken by mouth. It has minimal side effects, prevents reoccurring encephalopathy, and is associated with high patient satisfaction. People are more compliant and satisfied to take this medication than any other due to minimal side effects, prolonged remission, and overall cost. It reduces the levels of intestinal ammonia-producing bacteria, thus alleviating the symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy and reducing mortality. The drawbacks to<unk>  are increased cost, and lack of robust clinical trials for HE without combination lactulose therapy. Other uses Other uses include treatment of: infectious diarrhea, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, inflammatory bowel disease, and diverticular disease.<unk>  is effective in treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth regardless of whether it is associated with irritable bowel syndrome or not.<unk>  has also shown efficacy with rosacea, ocular rosacea which also presents as dry eyes for patients with co-occurrence with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
Rifaximin
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid
Lactulose
Piretanide
Sucralfate
Cefiderocol
Rifapentine