Staphylococcal<unk>  is rare and the number of reported cases has declined significantly since the 1980s. Patrick Schlievert, who published a study on it in 2004, determined incidence at three to four out of 100,000 tampon users per year; the information supplied by manufacturers of sanitary products such as Tampax and Stayfree puts it at one to 17 of every 100,000 menstruating females per year.<unk>  was considered a sporadic disease that occurred in immunocompromised people. It was not a more well-known disease untill the 1980s, when high-absorbency tampons were in use by menstruating women. Due to the idea of the tampons having a high absorbency this led women to believe that they could leave a tampon in for several hours. Doing this allowed the bacteria to grow and infect women. This resulted in a spike of cases of<unk> . Philip M. Tierno Jr. helped determine that tampons were behind<unk>  cases in the early 1980s. Tierno blames the introduction of higher-absorbency tampons in 1978. A study by Tierno also determined that all-cotton tampons were less likely to produce the conditions in which<unk>  can grow; this was done using a direct comparison of 20 brands of tampons including conventional cotton/rayon tampons and 100% organic cotton tampons from Natracare. In fact, Dr Tierno goes as far to state, "The bottom line is that you can get<unk>  with synthetic tampons, but not with an all-cotton tampon." A rise in reported cases occurred in the early 2000s: eight deaths from the<unk>  in California in 2002 after three successive years of four deaths per year, and Schlievert's study found cases in part of Minnesota more than tripled from 2000 to 2003. Schlievert considers earlier onset of menstruation to be a cause of the rise; others, such as Philip M. Tierno and Bruce A. Hanna, blame new high-absorbency tampons introduced in 1999 and manufacturers discontinuing warnings not to leave tampons in overnight.<unk>  is more common during the winter and spring and occurs most often in the young and old.<unk>  is commonly known to be an issue for females who menstruate.<unk>  although can occur in people of all ages and genders. Around fifty percent of<unk>  cases are in non menstruating cases.<unk>  in these cases can be caused by skin wounds, surgical sites, nasal packing, and burns.
Toxic shock syndrome
Scarlet fever
Gulf War syndrome
Stevens–Johnson syndrome
DAVID syndrome
Septic shock
Relapsing fever
Kawasaki disease