Treatment primarily consists of addressing the underlying cause of EGJOO. For example, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with reflux esophagitis is treated with proton pump inhibitors. Esophageal rings or strictures may be treated with esophageal dilation. Simple observation may be considered, especially if symptoms are minimal or absent. If symptoms are severe or persistent, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) may be offered. Pneumatic dilation may be used for persistent symptoms in the absence of identified causes of mechanical<unk> . Botulinum toxin may be considered, especially for individuals who are unlikely to tolerate surgery.
Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
Esophageal food bolus obstruction
Velopharyngeal inadequacy
Gastric outlet obstruction
Esophageal motility disorder
Esophagogastric dissociation
Gastric antral vascular ectasia
Velopharyngeal insufficiency