<unk> s appear as checkerboard/lattice patterns, splotches, or pinpoint-sized red marks on the bladder.<unk> s are classified into five grades that take into consideration the type and location of injury: Grade 0 (normal mucosa), Grade I (petechiae in at least two quadrants), Grade II (large submucosal bleeding), Grade III (diffuse global submucosal bleeding), and Grade IV (mucosal disruption, with or without bleeding). According to NIDDK criteria for inclusion in IC studies, examination for<unk> s is performed following hydrodistention of the bladder. In this procedure, water is instilled into the bladder to a pressure of 80-100 cm for 1-2 minutes. When water is drained from the bladder,<unk> s may appear. To be considered as IC, these submucosal hemorrhages must be present in at least 3 quadrants of the bladder with over 10<unk> s per quadrant.<unk> s should not be along the path of cystoscope which may suggest trauma instead.
Glomerulation
Moist desquamation
Reticular formation
Granulation
Craterization
Hydrodilatation
Infibulation
Ossification