An epileptic<unk> , informally known as a<unk> , is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with loss of consciousness (tonic-clonic<unk> , to shaking movements involving only part of the body with variable levels of consciousness (focal<unk> , to a subtle momentary loss of awareness (absence<unk> . Most of the time these episodes last less than two minutes and it takes some time to return to normal. Loss of bladder control may occur.<unk> s may be provoked and unprovoked. Provoked<unk> s are due to a temporary event such as low blood sugar, alcohol withdrawal, abusing alcohol together with prescription medication, low blood sodium, fever, brain infection, or concussion. Unprovoked<unk> s occur without a known or fixable cause such that ongoing<unk> s are likely. Unprovoked<unk> s may be exacerbated by stress or sleep deprivation. Epilepsy describes brain disease in which there has been at least one unprovoked<unk>  and where there is a high risk of additional<unk> s in the future. Conditions that look like epileptic<unk> s but are not include: fainting, nonepileptic psychogenic<unk>  and tremor. A<unk>  that lasts for more than a brief period is a medical emergency. Any<unk>  lasting longer than five minutes should be treated as status epilepticus. A first<unk>  generally does not require long-term treatment with anti-seizure medications unless a specific problem is found on electroencephalogram (EEG) or brain imaging. Typically it is safe to complete the work-up following a single<unk>  as an outpatient. In many, with what appears to be a first<unk> , other minor<unk> s have previously occurred. Up to 10% of people have at least one epileptic<unk> . Provoked<unk> s occur in about 3.5 per 10,000 people a year while unprovoked<unk> s occur in about 4.2 per 10,000 people a year. After one<unk> , the chance of experiencing a second is about 50%. Epilepsy affects about 1% of the population at any given time with about 4% of the population affected at some point in time. Many places require people to stop driving until they have not had a<unk>  for a specific period.
Seizure
Transient ischemic attack
Reflex seizure
Migraine
Epilepsy
Tremor
Gelastic seizure
Syncope (medicine)