Patients usually present with TIA, ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, or seizure. The age distribution is bimodal being either young adolescence or mid-forties.
Moyamoya disease
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation
Meningism
Giant cell arteritis
Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy
Chiari malformation