# Crop rotation: Since infection may arise from the soil or from<unk>  residues up to three years, an effective approach to reduce the risk of infection is to not plant<unk>  crops in the same field more than once every three or four years. It is also beneficial to change the field location of planting<unk> s every year as well as to plant them as far away as possible. This will control a variety of<unk>  such as blighting. # # Stubble management: Zero to minimal tillage does not appear to foster infection. However, stubble management practices such as straw-chopping during combining or harrowing to spread<unk>  residue on the soil surface can speed up decomposition of the residue, which in turn can help reduce the risk of spreading<unk>  # # Variety selection: Resistant cultivars to A. pinodes blight have been developed with fair resistance to lodging of stems due to lesions, which result in less yield loss. Planting semi-leafless varieties can help to reduce humidity, which therefore can hinder infection. # # Agronomics: When<unk>  seeds are planted in the spring, yields tend to be higher. If seeds are planted too deep in the soil or when it is cold, yield losses tend increase as seeds are more susceptible to soil- and seed-borne<unk> . Practices that keep crops upright along with selecting ones with a good “lodging rating” can reduce the spread of<unk>  such as<unk> . Avoidance of fields with excess nitrogen also helps reduce lodging<unk>  plants. # # Seed quality: Determining seed quality at an accredited lab for germination and<unk> levels can improve yields. Seeds are plated out on a growth medium to determine the percentage that is infected with the fungus. Less than 10% is recommended. However, seeds benefit from fungicide treatment since environmental conditions that are favorable to the pathogen, among other factors, can easily increase infection. # # Seed treatments: There are several seed treatment products that provide protection against seed-borne<unk>  on<unk> : Apron Maxx RTA® and Vitaflo 280®. # # Scouting and foliar fungicides: It is important to scout for early symptoms and the progression of the<unk> with respect to its growth stages to determine the amount of fungicides, if any, that should be applied to the infected plant. If, at the flowering stage, symptoms do spread below the lower third of the plant canopy, then the risk of yield loss is low and fungicide treatment is unnecessary. Fungicides are warranted when a combination of half of the lower third of the plant canopy is infected and is spreading to the middle, the weather forecast is rainy and humid, and a high yield would justify the fungicide cost. Despite fungicide application having benefits or not to the yield of crops, some may choose to do so to at least protect the seed quality. Some types of non-systemic, protectant fungicides to control<unk>  blight of field<unk>  are Bravo 500®, Headline EC®, Lance®, and Quadris®. It is ideal to apply it at the stage of early flower.
Ascochyta diseases of pea
Polymeal
Black rot 
Scabies
Scrubs 
Black spot leaf disease
Tomato fever
Black foot disease of grapevine