A comprehensive eye examination including an ocular motility (i.e., eye movement) evaluation and an evaluation of the internal ocular structures allows an eye doctor to accurately diagnose<unk> . Although glasses and/or patching therapy, exercises, or prisms may reduce or help control the outward-turning eye in some children, surgery is often required. A common form of<unk>  is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises. This disorder is characterized by an inability of the eyes to work together when used for near viewing, such as reading. Instead of the eyes focusing together on the near object, one deviates outward. Consecutive<unk>  arises after an initial<unk> . Most often it results from surgical overcorrection of the initial<unk> . It can be addressed with further surgery or with vision therapy; vision therapy has shown promising results if the consecutive<unk>  is intermittent, alternating, and of small magnitude. (Consecutive<unk>  may however also spontaneously develop from<unk> , without surgery or botulinum toxin treatment.) Because of the risks of surgery, and because about 35% of people require at least one more surgery, many people try vision therapy first. This consists of visual exercises. Although vision therapy is generally not covered by American health insurance companies, many large insurers such as Aetna have recently begun offering full or partial coverage in response to recent studies. Strabismus surgery is sometimes recommended if the<unk>  is present for more than half of each day or if the frequency is increasing over time. It is also indicated if a child has significant<unk>  when reading or viewing near objects or if evidence shows that the eyes are losing their ability to work as a single unit (binocular vision). Finally, if there is a complaint of headaches, and no other cause for the headaches can be found, then these headaches could be because the child or adult is trying to control the<unk> . If none of these criteria are met, surgery may be postponed pending simple observation with or without some form of eyeglass and/or patching therapy. In very mild cases, a chance exists that the<unk>  will diminish with time. The long-term success of surgical treatment for conditions such as intermittent<unk>  is not well proven, and surgery can often result in a worsening of symptoms due to overcorrection. Evidence from systematic reviews of interventions show clinical benefits for patching for children ages 12 months to ten years. There was insufficient evidence related to the benefits conferred by surgical interventions. The surgical procedure for the correction of<unk>  involves making a small incision in the tissue covering the eye to reach the eye muscles. The appropriate muscles are then repositioned to allow the eye to move properly. The procedure is usually done under general anaesthesia. Recovery time is rapid, and most people are able to resume normal activities within a few days. Following surgery, corrective eyeglasses may be needed, and in many cases, further surgery is required later to keep the eyes straight. When a child requires surgery, the procedure is usually performed before the child attains school age. This is easier for the child and gives the eyes a better chance to work together. As with all surgery, some risks occur. However, strabismus surgery is usually a safe and effective treatment.
Exotropia
Cyclotropia
Esotropia
Ocular dysmetria
Quadrantanopia
Heterotopia 
Presbyopia
Pseudomyopia