<unk>  <unk> , also referred to as posterior<unk>  nerve stimulation, is the least invasive form of neuromodulation used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) and the associated symptoms of urinary urgency, urinary frequency and urge incontinence. These urinary symptoms may also occur with interstitial cystitis and following a radical prostatectomy. Outside the United States,<unk>  is also used to treat fecal incontinence.<unk>  can be used as a primary therapy. Treatment for overactive bladder and fecal incontinence may begin with pharmacological therapies before<unk>  is administered. Unlike the variety of OAB drugs available<unk>  is more effective and produces far fewer side-effects. Nearly 80% of patients discontinue use (mean of 4.8 months) of drugs within the first year with as high as 17% of discontinuation being due to adverse side-effects. Neuromodulation is emerging as an effective modality to treat patients who are not successful with conservative methods and its demonstrated efficacy has been the topic of multiple publications.
Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation
Femoral nerve stretch test
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Nerve conduction study
Nerve biopsy
Repetitive nerve stimulation
Electromyography
Cervicography