Research by governments in Australia led to a universal definition for that country which appears to be the only research-based definition not to use diagnostic criteria:<unk>  is characterized by many difficulties in limiting money and/or time spent on<unk>  which leads to adverse consequences for the gambler, others, or for the community." The University of Maryland Medical Center defines pathological<unk>  as "being unable to resist impulses to gamble, which can lead to severe personal or social consequences". Most other definitions of<unk>  can usually be simplified to any<unk>  that causes harm to the gambler or someone else in any way; however, these definitions are usually coupled with descriptions of the type of harm or the use of diagnostic criteria. The DSM-V has since reclassified pathological<unk>  as<unk>  disorder" and has listed the disorder under substance-related and addictive disorders rather than impulse-control disorders. This is due to the symptomatology of the disorder resembling an addiction not dissimilar to that of a substance use disorder. In order to be diagnosed, an individual must have at least four of the following symptoms in a 12-month period: *Needs to gamble with increasing amounts of money in order to achieve the desired excitement *Is restless or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop<unk>  *Has made repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop<unk>  *Is often preoccupied with<unk>  (e.g., having persistent thoughts of reliving past<unk>  experiences, handicapping or planning the next venture, thinking of ways to get money with which to gamble) *Often gambles when feeling distressed (e.g., helpless, guilty, anxious, depressed) *After losing money<unk> , often returns another day to get even ("chasing" one's losses) *Lies to conceal the extent of involvement with<unk>  *Has jeopardized or lost a significant relationship, job, education, or career opportunity because of<unk>  *Relies on others to provide money to relieve desperate financial situations caused by<unk>
Problem gambling
Pornography addiction
Video game addiction
Computer addiction
Doping in sport
Addiction
Blood phobia
Alcohol dependence