A cleft<unk>  contains an opening in the upper<unk>  that may extend into the nose. The opening may be on one side, both sides, or in the middle. A cleft<unk>  occurs when the<unk>  (the roof of the mouth) contains an opening into the nose. The term orofacial cleft refers to either condition or to both occurring together. These disorders can result in feeding problems, speech problems, hearing problems, and frequent ear infections. Less than half the time the condition is associated with other disorders. Cleft<unk>  and<unk>  are the result of tissues of the face not joining properly during development. As such, they are a type of birth defect. The cause is unknown in most cases. Risk factors include smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, obesity, an older mother, and certain medications (such as some used to treat seizures).<unk>  can often be diagnosed during pregnancy with an ultrasound exam. A cleft<unk>  or<unk>  can be successfully treated with surgery. This is often done in the first few months of life for cleft<unk>  and before eighteen months for cleft<unk> . Speech therapy and dental care may also be needed. With appropriate treatment, outcomes are good. Cleft<unk>  and<unk>  occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1000 births in the developed world. Cleft<unk>  is about twice as common in males as females, while cleft<unk>  without cleft<unk>  is more common in females. In 2017, it resulted in about 3,800 deaths globally, down from 14,600 deaths in 1990. The condition was formerly known as a "hare-lip" because of its resemblance to a hare or rabbit, but that term is now generally considered to be offensive.
Cleft lip and cleft palate
Malpuech facial clefting syndrome
Hemifacial microsomia
Anodontia
Acephaly
Hand and foot deformity with flat facies
Nager acrofacial dysostosis
Microcephaly