<unk>  is a procedure where the sphincter of Oddi and the segment of the common bile duct where it enters the duodenum are cannulated and then cut with a<unk> , a device that includes a wire which cuts with an electric current (electrocautery). This procedure was developed in both Germany and Japan and was first published in each nation in 1974. It has become a very common technique, useful for treatment of a wide variety of conditions of the<unk>  system such as the evacuation of gallstones within the bile duct (choledocholithiasis),<unk>  or papillary strictures, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, bile leaks, and others. In addition, it is commonly performed during an<unk>  retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and it may be used for facilitating diagnostic procedures such as transpapillary bile duct biopsy, papillary tumor biopsy, and insertion of a cholangioscope.
Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Cholecystectomy
Hepatic artery embolization
Percutaneous ethanol injection
Percutaneous hepatic perfusion
Hepatoportoenterostomy
Cholecystenterostomy