The different treatment options for management of<unk>  are medical measures, therapeutic endoscopy and surgery. Treatment is directed, when possible, to the underlying cause, and to relieve pain and malabsorption. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus may occur and need long-term insulin therapy. The abdominal pain can be very severe and require high doses of analgesics, sometimes including opiates. Alcohol cessation and dietary modifications (low-fat diet) are important to manage pain and slow the calcific process. Antioxidants may help but it is unclear if the benefits are meaningful. Pancreatic enzymes Pancreatic enzyme replacement is often effective in treating the malabsorption and steatorrhea associated with<unk> . Treatment of<unk>  consists of administration of a solution of pancreatic enzymes with meals. Some patients do have pain reduction with enzyme replacement and since they are relatively safe, giving enzyme replacement to a<unk>  patient is an acceptable step in treatment for most patients. Treatment may be more likely to be successful in those without involvement of large ducts and those with idiopathic pancreatitis. Surgery Surgery to treat<unk>  tends to be divided into two areas – resectional and drainage procedures. Among the reasons to opt for surgery is if there is a pseudocyst, fistula, ascites, or a fixed obstruction. The Puestow procedure may be used for treatment of<unk> .
Chronic pancreatitis
Hereditary pancreatitis
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Periampullary cancer
Pancreatic abscess
Acute pancreatitis
Biliary pseudolithiasis
Gallstone ileus