There are a variety of classifications for<unk> , and likewise several treatment options. Strength training, particularly of the serratus anterior, may be recommended as this muscle is responsible for holding the medial<unk>  close to the rib cage. In more severe cases, physical therapy can help by strengthening related muscles. Physical therapy constitutes treatment options if there is weakness of the glenohumeral joint muscles, but if the muscles do not contract clinically and symptoms continue to be severe for more than 3–6 months, surgery may be the next choice. Physical therapy for a<unk>  will usually incorporate exercises aimed at strengthening the serratus anterior. The push-up plus (PUP) exercise is one of the most commonly prescribed for strengthening the serratus anterior. The push-up plus is usually done in either a push-up position either against a wall or progressed to the floor. Full<unk> r protraction (the plus) is added after full elbow extension at the end of the usual push-up exercise. The plus phase during the PUP exercise has been shown to elicit the highest average serratus anterior electromyographic (EMG) activity when compared with other SA-activating and closed kinetic chain exercises.<unk> -to-scapula<unk> pexy, pre- and post-operation in person with FSHD. The<unk> s are tethered together into a retracted position with an Achilles tendon graft. In the right image, the rhomboid major muscles are distinguishable. Surgical options include neurolysis (chordotomy) and intercostal nerve transfer if a nerve lesion is the cause of winging. For<unk> r winging not amenable to nerve repair, tendon transfer is an option. Pectoralis major transfer can be done for isolated serratus anterior palsy, and an Eden-Lange procedure can be done for isolated trapezius palsy. When tendon transfer is not an feasible, such as in the case of muscular dystrophy or multiple muscular deficits, remaining options include<unk> thoracic fusion (also known as<unk> desis), which induces bony fusion between the<unk>  and the rib cage, and<unk> thoracic fixation without arthrodesis <unk> pexy). Even though<unk> thoracic fusion has been shown to have successful outcomes, complications were present in over 40% of the 130 patients observed by Kord et al.
Winged scapula
Swan neck deformity
Barrel chest
Webbed neck
Condylar hypoplasia
Habit-tic deformity
Pulled elbow
Planovalgus deformity