Apart from side effects like altered estrogen levels and liver damage, many<unk>  medicines can cause allergic reactions in people. For example, the azole group of drugs is known to have caused anaphylaxis. There are also many drug interactions. Patients must read in detail the enclosed data sheet(s) of any medicine. For example, the azole<unk> s such as ketoconazole or itraconazole can be both substrates and inhibitors of the P-glycoprotein, which (among other functions) excretes toxins and drugs into the intestines. Azole<unk> s also are both substrates and inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 family CYP3A4, causing increased concentration when administering, for example, calcium channel blockers, immunosuppressants, chemotherapeutic drugs, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, macrolides and SSRIs. Before oral<unk>  therapies are used to treat nail disease, a confirmation of the fungal infection should be made. Approximately half of suspected cases of fungal infection in nails have a non-fungal cause. The side effects of oral treatment are significant and people without an infection should not take these drugs. Azoles are the group of<unk> s which act on the cell membrane of fungi. They inhibit the enzyme 14-alpha-sterol demethylase, a microsomal CYP, which is required for biosynthesis of ergosterol for the cytoplasmic membrane. This leads to the accumulation of 14-alpha-methylsterols resulting in impairment of function of certain membrane-bound enzymes and disruption of close packing of acyl chains of phospholipids, thus inhibiting growth of the fungi. Some azoles directly increase permeability of the fungal cell membrane.
Antifungal
Antiparasitic
Antiseptic
Antimicrobial
Antiprotozoal
Prebiotic 
Immunostimulant
Probiotic