A.<unk>  is the cause of pharyngitis (sore throat) in up to 2.5% of cases. In one study, it was the causative agent of pharyngitis in 1.4% of military conscripts. It is rarely found in the skin or throat of healthy people, meaning it is not a member of the usual bacterial flora. Little is known about the means by which A.<unk>  causes infection or the associated skin manifestations. The organism is known to produce uncharacterized hemolytic agent(s), a neuraminidase and a phospholipase D (PLD) acting preferentially on sphingomyelin. PLD is known to result in tissue damage, but the role in disease of the cytotoxic effect caused by this extracellular toxin is not established. Pyothorax has been reported.
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
Bacteroides caccae
Helicobacter bizzozeronii
Corynebacterium striatum
Bacteroides ureolyticus
Neisseria flavescens
Candida dubliniensis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus