<unk><unk>  occurs when a<unk>  is transmitted to a new location. It implies that a<unk>  spreads, or pours out, from a central source. The idea of showing the spread of<unk>  using a<unk>  pattern is relatively modern, compared to earlier methods of<unk> <unk> , which are still used today. According to Rytokonen, the goals of<unk><unk>  are: 1) to describe the spatial variation in<unk>  incidence to formulate an etiological hypothesis; 2) to identify areas of high risk in order to increase prevention; and 3) to provide a map of<unk>  risk for a region for better risk preparedness. Torsten Hägerstrand’s early work on “waves of innovation” is the basis that many medical cartographers and geographers use for<unk>  spatial<unk>  (1968). The<unk>  of<unk>  can be described in four patterns: expansion<unk> , contagious<unk> , hierarchal<unk>  and relocation<unk> . Cromley and McLafferty also mention network<unk>  and mixed<unk> . The<unk>  of infectious<unk>  tends to occur in a ‘wave’ fashion, spreading from a central source. Pyle mentions barriers that pose a resistance towards a wave of<unk> , which include but are not limited to: physiographic features (i.e. mountains, water bodies), political boundaries, linguistic barriers, and with<unk> s, a barrier could be differing control programs. The<unk>  of<unk>  can be identified as a normal distribution over time and translated into an S-shaped curve to show the phases of<unk><unk> . The phases are: Infusion (25th percentile), Inflection (50th percentile), Saturation (75th percentile), and Waning to the upper limits.
Disease diffusion mapping
Imaging biomarker
Biomedical spectroscopy
Krenning score
ReSPECT process
FMRI adaptation
High-definition fiber tracking
Synthetic MRI