<unk>  has overall been found to be well tolerated in studies of both men and women, producing minimal side effects. Adverse effects include headache and gastrointestinal discomfort. Isolated reports of menstrual changes, acne, and dizziness also exist. There is a small risk of gynecomastia (breast development or enlargement) in men. The risk of gynecomastia with 5α-reductase inhibitors is about 2.8%. The FDA has added a warning to<unk>  about an increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. While the potential for positive, negative or neutral changes to the potential risk of developing prostate cancer with<unk>  has not been established, evidence has suggested it may temporarily reduce the growth and prevalence of benign prostate tumors, but could also mask the early detection of prostate cancer. The primary area for concern is for patients who may develop prostate cancer whilst taking<unk>  for benign prostatic hyperplasia, which in turn could delay diagnosis and early treatment of the prostate cancer, thereby potentially increasing the risk of these patients developing high-grade prostate cancer. A 2018 meta-analysis found no higher risk of breast cancer with 5α-reductase inhibitors. Sexual dysfunction, such as erectile dysfunction, loss of libido, or reduced semen volume are believed by many to be side effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors, occurring in as many as 4.8% of all patients, which in some cases may persist after discontinuing medication, leading to a lower quality of life. However as of 2021 this remains a highly contested topic in the academic literature, and metareview articles from credible international sources differ on whether this phenomenon is proven, whether it is a purely placebo/nocebo effect, or whether there is not enough evidence to reach a conclusion. The Post-Finasteride Syndrome Foundation was created with a medical advisory board to study the topic (Finasteride being a similar 5α-reductase inhibitor), and lawsuits allegeding harm from the drug are ongoing. Several small studies have reported an association between 5α-reductase inhibitors and depression. However, most studies have not observed this side effect. There have also been reports in a subset of men of long-lasting depression persisting even after discontinuation of<unk> , although there is no scientific evidence to support such a claim.
Dutasteride
Finasteride
Tadalafil
Ingenol mebutate
Tamsulosin
Cyproterone acetate
Alclometasone
Vardenafil