A<unk>  <unk> ithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution) is a<unk>  consisting of rows of letters that is used by ophthalmologists, orthoptists, optometrists, and vision scientists to estimate visual acuity. The<unk>  was developed at the National Vision Research Institute of Australia in 1976, and is designed to enable a more accurate estimate of acuity than do other<unk> s (e.g., the Snellen<unk> . For this reason, the<unk>  is recommended, particularly in a research setting. When using a<unk> , visual acuity is scored with reference to the<unk> ithm of the minimum angle of resolution, as the<unk> 's name suggests. An observer who can resolve details as small as 1 minute of visual angle scores<unk>  0, since the base-10<unk> ithm of 1 is 0; an observer who can resolve details as small as 2 minutes of visual angle (i.e., reduced acuity) scores<unk>  0.3, since the base-10<unk> ithm of 2 is near-approximately 0.3; and so on. Specific types of<unk>  include the original Bailey-Lovie<unk>  and the ETDRS<unk> s, developed for the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study.
LogMAR chart
CHIVA method
Kick chart
NDR Method
Rape statistics
Independent SAGE
Wiley protocol
Monocular estimate method