The characteristics of a burn depend upon its depth. Superficial burns cause pain lasting two or three days, followed by peeling of the skin over the next few days. Individuals suffering from more severe burns may indicate discomfort or complain of feeling pressure rather than pain. Full-thickness burns may be entirely insensitive to light touch or puncture. While superficial burns are typically red in color, severe burns may be pink, white or black. Burns around the mouth or singed hair inside the nose may indicate that burns to the airways have occurred, but these findings are not definitive. More worrisome signs include: shortness of breath, hoarseness, and stridor or wheezing. Itchiness is common during the healing process, occurring in up to 90% of adults and nearly all children. Numbness or tingling may persist for a prolonged period of time after an electrical injury. Burns may also produce emotional and psychological distress. Type Layers involved Appearance Texture Sensation Healing Time Prognosis and Complications Example Superficial (first-degree) Epidermis Red without blisters Dry Painful 5–10 days Heals well. Repeated sunburns increase the risk of skin cancer later in life. A sunburn is a typical first-degree burn. Superficial partial thickness (second-degree) Extends into superficial (papillary) dermis Redness with clear blister. Blanches with pressure. Moist Very painful 2–3 weeks Local infection (cellulitis) but no scarring typically Second-degree burn of the thumb Deep partial thickness (second-degree) Extends into deep (reticular) dermis Yellow or white. Less blanching. May be blistering. Fairly dry Pressure and discomfort 3–8 weeks Scarring, contractures (may require excision and skin grafting) Second-degree burn caused by contact with boiling water Full thickness (third-degree) Extends through entire dermis Stiff and white/brown. No blanching. Leathery Painless Prolonged (months) and incomplete Scarring, contractures, amputation (early excision recommended) Eight day old third-degree burn caused by motorcycle muffler. Fourth-degree Extends through entire skin, and into underlying fat, muscle and bone Black; charred with eschar Dry Painless Does not heal; Requires excision Amputation, significant functional impairment and in some cases, death. 4th-degree electrical burn
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