Causes may be considered according to which chamber is affected. Left ventricular<unk>  * Valvular heart disease * Aortic regurgitation * Mitral regurgitation, also causing left atrial<unk>  * Congenital heart defects * Patent ductus arteriosus * Ventricular septal defect, also causing left atrial<unk>  * Arteriovenous malformation and fistula * Giant hepatic haemangioma * High-output haemodialysis fistula Right ventricular<unk>  * Valvular heart disease * Tricuspid regurgitation * Pulmonary regurgitation * Congenital heart defects * Atrial septal defect, also causing right atrial<unk>
Volume overload
Allostatic load
Dehydration
Exercise addiction
Cardiac fibrosis
Digoxin toxicity
Cholemia
Monofixation syndrome