<unk> , similar to maternal medicine, is a sub-specialty of general internal medicine and obstetrics that specializes in process of prevention, diagnosing, and treating medical disorders in with pregnant women. It is closely related to the specialty of maternal-fetal medicine, although<unk>  does not directly care for the fetus. The practice of<unk> , or previously known as "obstetric intervention," primarily consisted of the extraction of the baby during instances of duress, such as obstructed labor or if the baby was positioned in breech. Obstetric physicians may provide care for chronic medical conditions that precede the pregnancy (such as epilepsy, asthma or heart disease), or for new medical problems that develop while the pregnancy is already in progress (such as gestational diabetes, and hypertension). By the 19th century, obstetrics had become recognized as a medical discipline in Europe and the United States. Formal training in<unk>  is currently offered in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada.
Obstetric medicine
Reproductive medicine
Maternal–fetal medicine
Obstetrics
Reproductive technology
Haematologica
Hospital medicine
Sexual medicine