Trauma Blunt trauma caused by a direct blow at the orbital is the major leading cause of<unk> . Any object with force and/or speed, typically a ball, fist or vehicle accidents, can result in orbital floor and/or medial wall fractures. These disruptions permit air entry into the orbital subcutaneous from the sinus, with a one-way check valve mechanism that forbids the air from exiting. Victims are often found in sport-related concussion, automobile vehicle accidents, or snowboarding accidents. Traumatic injuries do not cause onset swelling unless there is a forceful injection of air from vigorous sneezing, nose-blowing, or coughing. These generate an acute increase in intraorbital pressure, compromising the intraorbital neurovascular structures, which subsequently trigger the development of<unk> . Postoperative complications<unk>  is a common result of certain types of surgery, in particular the ones that involve orbital medial wall. It may also occur in other oral, nasal, and maxillofacial surgical interventions, in which the occurrence is unexpected. They can weaken sinuses, bony structure, induce deep orbital tissue damages, or globe perforation that cause air leakage into the periorbital soft tissues and superiorly into the supraorbital fat. These surgical procedures may possibly introduce staphylococci, streptococci, and anaerobic bacteria via a compromised bony wall that can cause periorbital infection. The corresponding weakened or degenerated tissues cannot withstand the sudden increase in intraocular pressure and impaired ocular perfusion, driven by severe coughing or sneezing. It subsequently results in air trapped in the periorbital subcutaneous tissue and the development of<unk> , which is often mistaken as allergic reactions. Without proper management can lead to cardiac life-threatening conditions such as cardiopulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, and respiratory distress, depending on the volume of air trapped under the facial soft tissues. Infection Infections can spread beyond their initial location, including lamina papyracea.
Orbital emphysema
Tympanites
Trachoma
Orbital blowout fracture
Orbital apex syndrome
Orbital cellulitis
Vitreous hemorrhage
Periocular injection