Symptoms of BNS gradually progress over the span of a week or even a month, and there is typically a delay in diagnosis after the initial symptoms arise. Although BNS arises due to complications from WM, some individuals may experience symptoms of BNS without having a past history of WM. Given that BNS is so rare, the symptoms are diverse and nonspecific. Symptoms range in severity from nausea to seizures and are characterized by how they interfere with the function of the CNS. Where certain symptoms are present depends on which branch of the CNS is being affected by plasma B-cells. People diagnosed with BNS experience some sensory symptoms as well. Some sensory symptoms include a pin and needles sensation experienced in the lower limbs, the hands, and in the arms, along with pain and extreme numbness. +Symptoms Common to BNS Symptom Example Nausea Not Specific Seizures Interference in CNS function Vomiting Not Specific Visual Disturbance Not Specific Hearing Loss Not Specific Cranial neuropathies Predominantly in Oculomotor nerve Meningeal Involvement Usually accompanied by cranial neuropathies Cognitive Decline * Memory loss * Periods of Confusion aphasia Loss of language function * Slurred speech * inability to form words psychosis Inference in CNS function Cerebellar dysfunction * Uncontrollable movement * Loss of Balance Impaired Consciousness Coma Headache Not specific Fatigue Not Specific paresis Muscle weakness
Bing–Neel syndrome
Hagemoser–Weinstein–Bresnick syndrome
SACRAL syndrome
VEXAS syndrome
Costeff syndrome
Melnick–Needles syndrome
POEMS syndrome
OSLAM syndrome