Treatment of preoperative<unk>  may include: * Preoperative patient teaching or tours * Accurate and thorough information about the operation * Relaxation therapy * Cognitive behavioural therapy * acupressure * Auricular acupuncture * Permitting family members to be present before the operation * Anti-anxiety medication such as benzodiazepines or melatonin. An advantage of melatonin is that it has no known serious side effects, such as a hangover effect post-surgery. * Nurse-patient relationships * A preoperative visit from the anaesthesiologist
Preoperational anxiety
Psychological resistance
Addiction vulnerability
Ideomotor phenomenon
Psychological resilience
Stress concentration
Listener fatigue
Social stress