Thalassemia has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Both α- and β-thalassemias are often inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Cases of dominantly inherited α- and β-thalassemias have been reported, the first of which was in an Irish family with two deletions of 4 and 11 bp in exon 3 interrupted by an insertion of 5 bp in the β-globin gene. For the autosomal recessive forms of the disease, both parents must be carriers for a child to be affected. If both parents carry a hemoglobinopathy trait, the risk is 25% for each pregnancy for an affected child. The genes involved in thalassemia control the production of healthy hemoglobin. Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it when the red cells reach peripheral tissues, such as the liver. The binding and release of oxygen by hemoglobin are essential for survival. Evolution Having a single genetic variant for thalassemia may protect against malaria and thus can be an advantage. People diagnosed with heterozygous (carrier) β-thalassemia have some protection against coronary heart disease.
risks of Melioidosis
risks of Cryptococcosis
risks of Pneumocystis pneumonia
risks of T-cell lymphoma
causes of Cirrhosis
risks of Sinusitis
causes of Tonsillitis
symptom of Cryptococcosis