<unk>  (AS), also called<unk> –Hallgren syndrome, is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterised by childhood obesity and multiple organ dysfunction. Symptoms include early-onset type 2 diabetes, cone-rod dystrophy resulting in blindness, sensorineural hearing loss and dilated cardiomyopathy. Endocrine disorders typically also occur, such as hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and hypothyroidism, as well as acanthosis nigricans resulting from hyperinsulinemia. Developmental delay is seen in almost half of people with<unk> . It is caused by mutations in the gene ALMS1, which is involved in the formation of cellular cilia, making<unk>  a ciliopathy. At least 239 disease-causing mutations in ALMS1 have been described .<unk>  is sometimes confused with Bardet–Biedl syndrome, another ciliopathy which has similar symptoms, but Bardet–Biedl syndrome tends to have later onset in its symptoms, includes polydactyly and is caused by mutations in BBS genes. There is no cure for<unk> . Treatments target the individual symptoms and can include diet, corrective lenses, hearing aids, medications for diabetes and heart issues and dialysis and transplantation in the case of kidney or liver failure. Prognosis varies depending on the specific combination of symptoms, but individuals with<unk>  rarely live beyond 50. At least 900 cases have been reported. Prevalence is fewer than 1 in 1,000,000 individuals in the general population, but the disorder is much more common in Acadians, both in Nova Scotia and Louisiana. It was first described by Swedish psychiatrist Carl-Henry<unk>  and his three associates, B. Hallgren, I. B. Nilsson and H. Asander, in 1959.
Alström syndrome
McCune–Albright syndrome
Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome
Parry–Romberg syndrome
Wilson–Turner syndrome
Lightwood–Albright syndrome
Leigh syndrome
Wolcott–Rallison syndrome