Data on medical costs are often combined with<unk> s in cost-utility analysis to estimate the cost-per-QALY associated with a health care intervention. This parameter can be used to develop a cost-effectiveness analysis of any treatment. This incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) can then be used to allocate healthcare resources, often using a threshold approach. In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which advises on the use of health technologies within the National Health Service, has since at least 2013 used "£ per<unk> " to evaluate their utility. In the Netherlands the use of<unk> s is also applied to decision making on security measures of highways and local roads and railway crossings.
Quality-adjusted life year
Disability-adjusted life year
Average wholesale price
Disease burden
Dose 
Quitline
Deemed status
Case fatality rate