The blood coagulation and left<unk>  is produced as a zymogen, an inactive precursor. It is processed to remove the signal peptide, glycosylated and then cleaved by<unk> Ia (of the contact pathway) or factor VIIa (of the tissue factor pathway) to produce a two-chain form, where the chains are linked by a disulfide bridge. When activated into<unk> a, in the presence of Ca2+, membrane phospholipids, and a Factor VIII cofactor, it hydrolyses one arginine-isoleucine bond in<unk>  to form<unk> a.<unk>  is inhibited by antithrombin.<unk>  expression increases with age in humans and mice. In mouse models, mutations within the promoter region of<unk>  have an age-dependent phenotype.
Factor IX
Factor VIII
Factor VIII 
Factor XI
Fibrinogen
Thrombin
Prothrombinase
Β-Thromboglobulin