The basal or basic<unk>  rhythm (BER) or<unk>  control activity (ECA) is the spontaneous depolarization and repolarization of pacemaker cells known as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the smooth muscle of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. This<unk>  rhythm is spread through gap junctions in the smooth muscle of the GI tract. These pacemaker cells, also called the ICCs, control the frequency of contractions in the gastrointestinal tract. The cells can be located in either the circular or longitudinal layer of the smooth muscle in the GI tract; circular for the small and large intestine, longitudinal for the stomach. The frequency of contraction differs at each location in the GI tract beginning with 3 per minute in the stomach, then 12 per minute in the duodenum, 9 per minute in the ileum, and a normally low one contraction per 30 minutes in the large intestines that increases 3 to 4 times a day due to a phenomenon called mass movement. The<unk>  controls the frequency of contraction but additional neuronal and hormonal controls regulate the strength of each contraction.
Basal electrical rhythm
Junctional rhythm
Seizure threshold
EEG microstates
Cardiac rhythmicity
Heart rate variability
Basal rate
Sensorimotor rhythm