Infants with<unk>  are often treated with diuretics that decrease fluid in the alveoli where gas exchange occurs and bronchodilators that relax the airway muscles to facilitate breathing. Viral immunization is important for these children who have a higher risk of infections in the respiratory tract. Corticosteroid treatment There is evidence that steroids (systemic corticosteroid treatment) given to babies less than 7 days old can prevent<unk> . This treatment increases the risk of neurodevelopmental sequelae (cerebral palsy) and gastrointestinal perforation. For babies 7 days old and older, "late systemic postnatal corticosteroid treatment" may reduce the risk of death and of<unk> . There is some evidence that that this treatment does not increase the risk of cerebral palsy, however, long-term studies considering the neurodevelopmental outcomes is needed to further understand the risk of this treatment option. Late systemic postnatal corticosteroid treatment is therefore only recommended for babies 7 days old or older who cannot be taken off of a ventilator. The benefit and risks of systemic corticosteroid treatment in older babies who are not intubated (on a ventilator) is not known. Vitamin A Vitamin A treatment in low birth weight babies may improve the 36-week mortality risk, decrease the days of mechanical ventilation, and decrease the incidence of<unk> . Other Oxygen therapy at home is recommended in those with significant low oxygen levels. Hypercarbia (too much carbon dioxide in the blood) may contribute to the development of<unk> . Monitoring the level of carbon dioxide in neonatal infants to ensure that the level is not too high or too low (hypocarbia) is important for improving outcomes for neonates in intensive care. Carbon dioxide can be monitored by taking a blood sample (arterial blood gas), through the breath (exhalation), and it can be measured continuously through the skin by using a minimally invasive transcutaneous device. The most effective and safest approach for measuring carbon dioxide in newborn infants is not clear.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchomalacia
Tracheobronchomalacia
Tracheomalacia
Respiratory bronchiolitis
Asthma
Malacia
Emphysema