The diagnosis of<unk>  is based on tests on pancreatic structure and function. Serum amylase and lipase may be moderately elevated in cases of<unk> . A secretin stimulation test is considered the best test for diagnosis of<unk> . Other tests used to determine<unk>  are serum trypsinogen, computed tomography, ultrasound and biopsy. When<unk>  is caused by genetic factors, elevations in ESR, IgG4, rheumatoid factor, ANA and anti-smooth muscle antibody may be detected. On CT scan, pancreatic and bile duct dilatation, atrophy of pancreas, multiple calcifications of the pancreas, and enlargement of pancreatic glands can be found. On MRI scan, there is a low T1 signal due to inflammation, fibrosis, focal lesions, and calcifications. In those who are given a contrast agent, there would be a higher T1 signal with late gadolinium enhancement due to compression from the fibrotic areas. The overall thickness of the pancreas will be reduced. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the most useful option in accessing the pancreatic duct and bile duct.
Chronic pancreatitis
Hereditary pancreatitis
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Periampullary cancer
Pancreatic abscess
Acute pancreatitis
Biliary pseudolithiasis
Gallstone ileus