<unk>  survival is a field of public health concerned with reducing<unk> .<unk>  survival interventions are designed to address the most common causes of<unk>  deaths that occur, which include diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and neonatal conditions. Of the portion of<unk> ren under the age of 5 alone, an estimated 5.6 million<unk> ren die each year mostly from such preventable causes. The<unk>  survival strategies and interventions are in line with the fourth Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which focused on reducing<unk>  by 2/3 of<unk> ren under five before the year 2015. In 2015, the MDGs were replaced with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to end these deaths by 2030. In order to achieve SDG targets, progress must be accelerated in more than 1/4 of all countries (most of which are in sub-Saharan Africa) in order to achieve targets for under-5 mortality, and in 60 countries (many in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia) to achieve targets for neonatal mortality. Without accelerated progress, 60 million<unk> ren under age five will die between 2017 and 2030, about half of which would be newborns. China achieved its target of reduction in under-5 mortality rates well ahead of schedule. Low-cost interventions<unk>  sits with a doctor to receive medical care Two-thirds of<unk>  deaths are preventable. Most of the<unk> ren who die each year could be saved by low-tech, evidence-based, cost-effective measures such as vaccines, antibiotics, micronutrient supplementation, insecticide-treated bed nets, improved family care and breastfeeding practices, and oral rehydration therapy. Empowering women, removing financial and social barriers to accessing basic services, developing innovations that make the supply of critical services more available to the poor and increasing local accountability of health systems are policy interventions that have allowed health systems to improve equity and reduce mortality. In developing countries,<unk>  rates related to respiratory and diarrheal diseases can be reduced by introducing simple behavioral changes, such as handwashing with soap. This simple action can reduce the rate of mortality from these diseases by almost 50 per cent. Proven, cost-effective interventions can save the lives of millions of<unk> ren per year. The UN Vaccine division as of 2014 supported 36% of the world's<unk> ren in order to best improve their survival chances, yet still, low-cost immunization interventions do not reach 30 million<unk> ren despite success in reducing polio, tetanus, and measles. Measles and tetanus still kill more than 1 million<unk> ren under 5 each year. Vitamin A supplementation costs only $0.02 for each capsule and given 2–3 times a year will prevent blindness and death. Although vitamin A supplementation has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality by 12 to 24 per cent, only 70 per cent of targeted<unk> ren were reached in 2015. Between 250,000 and 500,000<unk> ren become blind every year, with 70 percent of them dying within 12 months. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is an effective treatment for lost liquids through diarrhea; yet only 4 in 10 (44 per cent) of<unk> ren ill with diarrhea are treated with ORT. Essential newborn care - including immunizing mothers against tetanus, ensuring clean delivery practices in a hygienic birthing environment, drying and wrapping the baby immediately after birth, providing necessary warmth, and promoting immediate and continued breastfeeding, immunization, and treatment of infections with antibiotics - could save the lives of 3 million newborns annually. Improved sanitation and access to clean drinking water can reduce<unk> hood infections and diarrhea. Over 30% of the world's population does not have access to basic sanitation, and 844 million people use unsafe sources of drinking water. Efforts Agencies promoting and implementing<unk>  survival activities worldwide include UNICEF and non-governmental organizations; major<unk>  survival donors worldwide include the World Bank, the British Government's Department for International Development, the Canadian International Development Agency and the United States Agency for International Development. In the United States, most non-governmental<unk>  survival agencies belong to the CORE Group, a coalition working, through collaborative action, to save the lives of young<unk> ren in the world's poorest countries. Substantial global progress has been made in reducing<unk>  deaths since 1990. The total number of under-5 deaths worldwide has declined from 12.6 million in 1990 to 5.2 million in 2019. Since 1990, the global under-5 mortality rate has dropped by 59%, from 93 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 38 in 2019. This is equivalent to 1 in 11<unk> ren dying before reaching age 5 in 1990, compared to 1 in 27 in 2019. The Sustainable Development Goals has set 2 new goals to reduce under-5 and newborn mortality. The goals set newborn mortality for 12 per 1,00 live births in every country and for under 5 mortality 25 per 1,000 livebirths in every country. In 2019, 122 countries met this and every 10 years, 20 more are expected to follow. WHO states they support health equity and universal health care so that all countries may have proper health care with no finances involved.
Child mortality
Infant Mortality Rate
Perinatal mortality
Maternal mortality ratio
Infant formula
Childbirth positions
Mortality rate
Case fatality rate