Tricuspid and mitral<unk> Tricuspid<unk> is common and is estimated to occur in 65–85% of the population. In The Framingham Heart Study presence of any severity of tricuspid<unk>  ranging from trace to above moderate was in 82% of men and in 85.7% of women. Mild tricuspid<unk> tend to be common and benign and in structurally normal tricuspid valve apparatus can be considered a normal variant. Moderate or severe tricuspid<unk> is usually associated with tricuspid valve leaflet abnormalities and/or possibly annular dilation and is usually pathologic which can lead to irreversible damage of cardiac muscle and worse outcomes due to chronic prolonged right ventricular volume overload. In a study of 595 male elite football players aged 18–38, and 47 sedentary non-athletes, it was found that 58% of the athletes had tricuspid<unk> vs. 36% in non-athletes and mitral<unk> was found in 20% football players and 15% in controls. Football players with tricuspid<unk> had larger tricuspid annulus diameter, compared to athletes without tricuspid<unk>  Athletes with tricuspid<unk> also had enlarged right atrium diameter when compared to control group. In athletes with mitral<unk> it was found they had larger mitral annulus diameter, compared to athletes without<unk>  Also left atrium diameter was larger in athletes with mitral<unk>
Regurgitation 
Cavitation 
Proarrhythmia
Exercise intolerance
Allostasis
Venospasm
Cyclospasm
Atopy