<unk>  prevalence varies, from 5 to 8% in developed countries with adequate neonatological facilities, to up to 30% in middle-income developing countries. There is increasing evidence that<unk>  and blindness due to<unk>  are now public health problems in the middle income countries of Latin America, Eastern Europe and the more advanced economies in South East Asia and the Middle east region. In these countries<unk>  is often the most common cause of blindness in children.<unk>  is highly likely to become an increasing problem in India, China and other countries in Asia as these countries expand the provision of services for premature infants. There is also evidence that the population of premature infants at risk of severe<unk>  varies depending on the level of neonatal intensive care being provided. In countries with high development indices and very low neonatal mortality rates (e.g. North America, Western Europe), severe<unk>  is generally limited to extremely preterm infants i.e. those weighing less than 1 kg (2.2 lbs) at birth. At the other end of the development spectrum, countries with very low development indices and very high neonatal mortality rates (e.g. much of subSaharan Africa)<unk>  is rare as most premature babies do not have access to neonatal intensive care and so do not survive. Countries with moderate development indices are improving access to neonatal intensive care, and in these settings bigger, more mature babies are also at risk of severe<unk>  as neonatal care may be suboptimal. These findings have two main implications: firstly, much can be done in countries with moderate development indices to improve neonatal care, to reduce the risk of severe<unk>  in bigger babies and increase survival of extremely preterm infants, and secondly, in these settings bigger more mature babies need to be included in<unk>  programs and examined regularly so as to detect those babies developing<unk>  requiring treatment. In 2012, the World Health Organization published data on rates of preterm birth and the number of premature babies born in different regions of the world. This report contained three main findings: * Premature birth has many different causes, and prevention is challenging, *<unk>  is the most common cause of neonatal death in many countries, totaling as many as 1 million infants annually due to complications of preterm birth, and * the number of preterm births is currently estimated to be 15 million, and increasing.
Retinopathy of prematurity
Vitreoretinopathy
Meningism
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Neonatal jaundice
Neonatal encephalopathy
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Congenital cataract