Various stimuli including asthma, allergies, exercise, stress, and irritants such as smoke, dust, fumes, liquids, and food can trigger<unk> . It is common in drowning, both as a direct response to inhalation of water, and as a complication during rescue and resuscitation due to aspiration of vomit. In some individuals<unk>  can occur spontaneously or as a result of reflux or impaired swallowing. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of spontaneous<unk> . Treating GERD can lessen the frequency of spasms. The onset of spasms may be caused by a viral infection. It is also a complication associated with anesthesia. The spasm can happen often without any provocation, but tends to occur after tracheal extubation. In children, the condition can be particularly deadly, leading to cardiac arrest within 30–45 seconds, and is a possible cause of death associated with the induction of general anesthesia in the pediatric population. These situations are not to be confused with the benign<unk>  events seen in infants after feeding or due to reflux. It can sometimes occur during sleep, waking up the sufferer. This usually occurs when the person has gastric acidity and develops re-flux during sleep, where the gastric acid causes irritation which will cause the spasm attack. It is also a symptom of hypoparathyroidism. It can also be caused by some medications such as lurasidone.
Laryngospasm
Bronchospasm
Cyclospasm
Nasal congestion
Neck spasm
Post-nasal drip
Cornea
Apnea