The primary symptoms of<unk>  are insomnia and excessive sleepiness associated with<unk> ing (and sleeping) at non-standard times.<unk>  is also associated with falling asleep at<unk> . Total daily sleep time is usually shortened and sleep quality is less in those who<unk>  night<unk> s compared to those who<unk>  day<unk> s. Sleepiness is manifested as a desire to nap, unintended dozing, impaired mental acuity, irritability, reduced performance, and accident proneness.<unk> <unk>  is often combined with extended hours of duty, so fatigue can be a compounding factor. The symptoms coincide with the duration of<unk> <unk>  and usually remit with the adoption of a conventional sleep-wake schedule. The boundary between a "normal response" to the rigors of<unk> <unk>  and a diagnosable<unk>  is not sharp. There are criteria of SWSD in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental<unk> s (DSM-5), and in the International Classification of Sleep<unk> s (ICSD) – Second and Third Editions. The diagnosis requires the following assumptions : * There is an insomnia or/and an excessive sleepiness with a reduction of total sleep time, all combined with an overlap of<unk>  period occurring during the habitual sleep time. * The presence of these symptoms has lasted for at least 3 months and are associated with the<unk> <unk>  schedules. * Sleep log and/or actigraphy monitoring (with sleep diaries) demonstrate for more than 14 days <unk>  and free days included) circadian and sleep-time misalignment. * Sleep disturbance is associated with impairment of social, occupational, and/or other waking functioning. * These symptoms are not better explained by another sleep<unk> , medical or neurologic<unk> , mental<unk> , medication use, poor sleep hygiene, or substance use<unk> . Assessments There are different tools to assess<unk> <unk><unk> . Patients can keep a diary. Some questionnaires could be useful as the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Actigraphy and polysomnography could indicate some interesting patterns. Further studies are needed to see if some phase markers as the body temperature rhythm or the melatonin rhythm are efficient to assess<unk> <unk><unk> . Decreased sleep quality may be assessed using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PQSI).
Shift work sleep disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Central sleep apnea
Sleep apnea
Sleep disorder
Sleep deprivation
Obstructive sleep apnea
Sleep-related breathing disorder