Underlying mental health conditions Patients with an underlying mental illness present one such limitation to<unk> . In a case where the patient suffers from an underlying mental illness such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disease, schizophrenia or other psychosis, more intensive therapy may be required to induce a change. In these instances, the use of<unk>  as a technique to treat outward-facing symptoms, such as not brushing teeth, may be ineffective where the root cause of the problem stems from the mental illness. Some of the patients may act like listening to the interviewer just to veil their underlying mental health issue. It is so important to dig more in a subtle way. When working with these patients, it is important to recognize that only so much can be done at certain levels. The treating therapists should, therefore, ensure the patient is referred to the correct medical professional to treat the cause of the behavior, and not simply one of the symptoms. Pre-contemplation Patients in the pre-contemplation stage of the stages of change present a further limitation to the model. If the patient is in this stage, they will not consider they have a problem and therefore are unlikely to be receptive to<unk>  techniques. It is important that<unk>  interviewers are well trained in the approach to be taken when handling these patients. Well intended messages can have the opposite effect of pushing the patient away or causing them to actively rebel. In these instances discussing how the issue may be affecting the patient must be handled very delicately and introduced carefully. Suggesting less harmful ways of dealing with the client's issue and helping them recognize danger signs may be a better approach to plant the seed aiding their progression to the contemplation stage. Motivation Professionals attempting to encourage people to make a behavioral change often underestimate the effect of motivation. Simply advising clients how detrimental their current behavior is and providing advice on how to change their behavior will not work if the client lacks motivation. Many people have full knowledge of how dangerous smoking is yet they continue the practice. Research has shown that a client's motivation to alter behavior is largely influenced by the way the therapist relates to them. Therapist/client trust Clients who don't like or trust their health care professionals are likely to become extremely resistant to change. In order to prevent this, the therapist must take time to foster an environment of trust. Even when the therapist can clearly identify the issues at hand it is important that the patient feels the session is collaborative and that they are not being lectured to. Confrontational approaches by well-meaning therapists will inhibit the process. Time limitations Time limits placed on therapists during consultations also have the potential to impact significantly on the quality of<unk> . Appointments may be limited to a brief or single visit with a patient; for example, a client may attend the dentist with a toothache due to a cavity. The oral health practitioner or dentist may be able to broach the subject of a behavior change, such as flossing or diet modification but the session duration may not be sufficient when coupled with other responsibilities the health practitioner has to the health and wellbeing of the patient. For many clients, changing habits may involve reinforcement and encouragement which is not possible in a single visit. Some patients, once treated, may not return for a number of years or may even change practitioners or practices, meaning the<unk>  interview is unlikely to have sufficient effect. Training deficiencies While psychologists, mental health counselors, and social workers are generally well trained and practiced in delivering<unk> , other health-care professionals are generally provided with only a few hours of basic training. Although perhaps able to apply the underpinning principles of<unk> , these professionals generally lack the training and applied skills to truly master the art of dealing with the patient's resistant statements in a collaborative manner. It is important that therapists know their own limitations and are prepared to refer clients to other professionals when required. Group treatment Although studies are somewhat limited, it appears that delivering<unk> , in a group may be less effective than when delivered one-on-one. Research continues into this area however what is clear is that groups change the dynamics of a situation and the therapist needs to ensure that group control is maintained and input from group members does not derail the process for some clients.
Motivational interviewing
Insight-oriented psychotherapy
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
Person-centered therapy
Metaphor therapy
Eclectic psychotherapy
Group psychotherapy
Compassion-focused therapy