The<unk> , also known as Cope's<unk>  test or Obraztsova's sign, is a medical sign that indicates irritation to the iliopsoas group of hip flexors in the abdomen, and consequently indicates that the inflamed appendix is retrocaecal in orientation (as the iliopsoas muscle is retroperitoneal). The technique for detecting the<unk>  is carried out on the patient's right leg. The patient lies on his/her left side with the knees extended. The examiner holds the patient's right thigh and passively extends the hip. Alternatively, the patient lies on their back, and the examiner asks the patient to actively flex the right hip against the examiner's hand. If abdominal pain results, it is a "positive<unk> ". The pain results because the<unk>  borders the peritoneal cavity, so stretching (by hyperextension at the hip) or contraction (by flexion of the hip) of the muscles causes friction against nearby inflamed tissues. In particular, the right iliopsoas muscle lies under the appendix when the patient is supine, so a positive<unk>  on the right may suggest appendicitis. A positive<unk>  may also be present in a patient with a<unk>  abscess. It may also be positive with other sources of retroperitoneal irritation, e.g. as caused by hemorrhage of an iliac vessel. It was introduced by Zachary Cope (1881–1974), an English surgeon.
Psoas sign
Limbus sign
Obturator sign
D'Espine sign
Blumberg sign
Shoulder pad sign
Heel tap sign
Lancisi's sign