There is no universally accepted, gold-standard treatment which reliably relieves the pain of dental<unk>  in the long term, and consequently many treatments have been suggested which have varying degrees of efficacy when scientifically studied. Generally, they can be divided into in-office (i.e. intended to be applied by a<unk> t or dental therapist), or treatments which can be carried out at home, available over-the-counter or by prescription. OTC products are more suited for generalized, mild to moderate<unk>  associated with several teeth, and in-office treatments for localized, severe DH associated with one or two teeth. Non-invasive, simple treatments which can be carried out at home should be attempted before in-office procedures are carried out. The purported mechanism of action of these treatments is either occlusion of<unk>  tubules (e.g. resins, varnishes, toothpastes) or desensitization of nerve fibres/blocking the neural transmission (e.g. potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium nitrate). Home Treatment At-home treatments include desensitizing toothpastes or<unk> rices, potassium salts, mouthwashes and chewing gums. A variety of toothpastes are marketed for<unk> , including compounds such as strontium chloride, strontium acetate, arginine, calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite and calcium sodium phosphosilicate. Desensitizing chewing gums and mouthwashes are also marketed. Potassium-containing toothpastes are common; however, the mechanism by which they may reduce<unk>  is unclear. Animal research has demonstrated that potassium ions placed in deep<unk>  cavities cause nerve depolarization and prevent re-polarization. It is not known if this effect would occur with the twice-daily, transient and small increase in potassium ions in saliva that brushing with potassium-containing toothpaste creates. In individuals with<unk>  associated with exposed root surfaces, brushing twice daily with toothpaste containing 5% potassium nitrate for six to eight weeks reduces reported sensitivity to tactile, thermal and air blast stimuli. However, meta analysis reported that these individuals' subjective report of sensitivity did not significantly change after six to eight weeks of using the potassium nitrate toothpaste. Desensitizing toothpastes containing potassium nitrate have been used since the 1980s while toothpastes with potassium chloride or potassium citrate have been available since at least 2000. It is believed that potassium ions diffuse along the<unk> al tubules to inactivate intradental nerves. However, as of 2000, this has not been confirmed in intact human teeth and the desensitizing mechanism of potassium-containing toothpastes remains uncertain. Since 2000, several trials have shown that potassium-containing toothpastes can be effective in reducing<unk> , although rinsing the mouth after brushing may reduce their efficacy. Studies have found that mouthwashes containing potassium salts and fluorides can reduce<unk> . A randomized clinical trial published in 2018 found promising results in controlling and reducing<unk>  when potassium oxalate mouthrinse was used in conjugation with toothbrushing. As of 2006, no controlled study of the effects of chewing gum containing potassium chloride has been made, although it has been reported as significantly reducing<unk> . Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) is considered one of the most biocompatible and bioactive materials and has gained wide acceptance in<unk> try in recent years. An increasing number of reports have shown that nano-hydroxyapatite shares characteristics with the natural building blocks of enamel having the potential, due to its particle size, to occlude exposed<unk> al tubules helping to reduce<unk>  and enhancing teeth remineralization. For this reason, the number of toothpastes and mouthwashes that already incorporate nano-hydroxyapatite as a desensitizing agent is increasing. Bioglass is a relatively new technology in toothpaste formulations. BioMin, a bioactive glass of calcium fluoro phosphosilicate, provides faster and longer lasting relief against sensitivity through deep tubular occlusion. Treatments used for<unk> . Intended mechanism of action Example(s) Nerve desensitization Potassium nitrate Protein precipitation Glutaraldehyde Silver nitrate Zinc chloride Strontium chloride hexahydrate Plugging<unk> al tubules Sodium fluoride Stannous fluoride Strontium chloride Silver diammine fluoride Potassium oxalate Calcium phosphate Calcium carbonate Bioactive glasses (SiO2–P2O5–CaO–Na2O)<unk>  adhesive sealers Fluoride varnishes Oxalic acid and resin Glass ionomer cements Composites<unk>  bonding agents Lasers Neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser Galium-aluminium-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser Erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser In-Clinic Therapy In-clinic treatments can include the placement of materials to seal dental tubules or the wearing of appliances at night if the cause of the sensitivity stems from night-time grinding. Fissure sealants, resin, or glass ionomer materials can be placed over areas of the tooth causing particular sensitivity in order to penetrate the exposed tubules and seal them against the external environment. Duraphat varnish, which is a high concentration fluoride varnish, can be applied at regular intervals to reduce the severity of the symptoms of<unk> .
Dentin hypersensitivity
Dentin dysplasia
Tooth ankylosis
Ligamentous laxity
Zaspopathy
Radiosensitivity
Accessory nerve disorder
Enthesopathy