A CSO is typically responsible for envisioning and developing research capabilities (human, methodological, and technological) for developing evidence of the validity and utility of research products, and for communicating with the<unk>  and customer communities concerning capabilities and<unk>  product offerings. In some organizations, the same person may hold this title along with that of chief technology officer (CTO). Alternatively, a company could have one or the other, or both occupied by separate people. Often, CSOs exist in heavily research-oriented companies; while CTOs exist in product development focused companies. The typical category of research and development that exists in many science and technology companies can be led by either post, depending upon which area is the organization's primary focus. A CSO almost always has a pure science background and an advanced degree, whereas a CTO often has a background in engineering or business development. Some academic research organizations, such as the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and the San Diego Supercomputer Center have adopted a similar title of CSO. Typically, their role is to evaluate and set<unk>  priorities and coordinate the administrative structure that supports scientists. A CSO commonly has a<unk>  or academic background, yet they may or may not be practicing scientists or academics.
Chief scientific officer
Clinical investigator
Independent safety officer
Chief medical officer
Clinical research associate
Clinical research coordinator
Assistant doctor 
Biological pharmacist