<unk>  (or quality assessment) in evidence based medicine, is the use of explicit, transparent methods to assess the data in published research, applying the rules of evidence to factors such as internal validity, adherence to reporting standards, conclusions, generalizability and risk-of-bias.<unk>  methods form a central part of the systematic review process. They are used in evidence synthesis to assist clinical decision-making, and are increasingly used in evidence-based social care and education provision.<unk>  checklists help to appraise the quality of the study design and (for quantitative studies) the risk of bias.<unk>  tools for cross-sectional studies are the AXIS tool and JBI tools; for randomised controlled trials are Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, JBI tool and CASP tools.<unk>  may also be an integral part of formalized approaches to turn evidence into recommendations for practice such as GRADE.
Critical appraisal
Priority review
Scientific consensus
Data validation
Clinical peer review
Source control 
Theory of indispensable attributes
Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies