Thrombosis of the<unk> <unk>  cava caused by an indwelling central venous catheter which caused<unk>  Over 80% of cases are caused by malignant tumors compressing the<unk> <unk>  cava. Lung cancer, usually small cell carcinoma, comprises 75–80% of these cases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, comprises 10–15%. Rare malignant causes include Hodgkin's lymphoma, metastatic cancers, leukemia, leiomyosarcoma of the mediastinal vessels, and plasmocytoma. Syphilis and tuberculosis have also been known to cause<unk> .<unk>  can be caused by invasion or compression by a pathological process or by a deep vein thrombosis in the vein itself, although this latter is less common (approximately 35% due to the use of intravascular devices).
Superior vena cava syndrome
Inferior vena cava syndrome
Mediastinitis
Aortocaval compression syndrome
Subclavian steal syndrome
Pulmonary hematoma
COACH syndrome
Pulmonary hemorrhage