<unk> s are poorly understood from a medical point of view. Health care professionals prefer to study alcohol use disorder from a standpoint of treatment and prevention, and there is a view that the<unk>  provides a useful, natural and intrinsic disincentive to excessive drinking. Within the limited amount of serious study on the subject, there is debate about whether a<unk>  may be prevented or at least mitigated. There is also a vast body of folk medicine and simple quackery. A four-page literature review in the British Medical Journal concludes: "No compelling evidence exists to suggest that any conventional or complementary intervention is effective for preventing or treating alcohol<unk> . The most effective way to avoid the symptoms of alcohol induced<unk>  is to avoid drinking." Most remedies do not significantly reduce overall<unk>  severity. Some compounds reduce specific symptoms such as vomiting and headache, but are not effective in reducing other common<unk>  symptoms such as drowsiness and fatigue. Potentially beneficial A bottle of Aspirin from 1899 Some sources indicate there is no evidence that any treatments for<unk> s are effective. * Rehydration: Drinking water before going to bed or during<unk>  may relieve dehydration-associated symptoms such as thirst, dizziness, dry mouth, and headache. * Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen have been proposed as a treatment for the headaches associated with a<unk> . There however is no evidence to support a benefit, and there are concerns that taking alcohol and aspirin together may increase the risk of stomach bleeding and liver damage. * Tolfenamic acid, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, in a 1983 study reduced headache, nausea, vomiting, irritation but had no effect on tiredness in 30 people. * Pyritinol: A 1973 study found that large doses (several hundred times the recommended daily intake) of Pyritinol, a synthetic Vitamin B6 analog, can help to reduce<unk>  symptoms. Possible side effects of pyritinol include hepatitis (liver damage) due to cholestasis and acute pancreatitis. * Yeast-based extracts: The difference in the change for discomfort, restlessness, and impatience were statistically significant but no significant differences on blood chemistry parameters, blood alcohol or acetaldehyde concentrations have been found, and it did not significantly improve general well-being. Unsupported remedies Kudzu roots (Pueraria lobata), a common ingredient in herbal<unk>  remedies, may have harmful effects when combined with alcohol Recommendations for foods, drinks and activities to relieve<unk>  symptoms abound. The ancient Romans, on the authority of Pliny the Elder, favored raw owl's eggs or fried canary, while the "prairie oyster" restorative, introduced at the 1878 Paris World Exposition, calls for raw egg yolk mixed with Worcestershire sauce, Tabasco sauce, salt and pepper. By 1938, the Ritz-Carlton Hotel provided a<unk>  remedy in the form of a mixture of Coca-Cola and milk (Coca-Cola itself having been invented, by some accounts, as a<unk>  remedy). Alcoholic writer Ernest Hemingway relied on tomato juice and beer. Other purported<unk>  cures include cocktails such as Bloody Mary or Black Velvet (consisting of equal parts champagne and stout). A 1957 survey by an American folklorist found widespread belief in the efficacy of heavy fried foods, tomato juice and sexual activity. Other untested or discredited treatments include: * Hair of the dog: The belief is that consumption of further alcohol after the onset of a<unk>  will relieve symptoms, based upon the theory that the<unk>  represents a form of alcohol withdrawal and that by satiating the body's need for alcohol the symptoms will be relieved. Social drinkers and alcoholics claim that drinking more alcohol gives relief from<unk>  symptoms, but research shows that the use of alcohol as a<unk>  cure seems to predict current or future problem drinking and alcohol use disorder, through negative reinforcement and the development of physical dependence. While the practice is popular in tradition and promoted by many sellers of alcoholic beverages, medical opinion holds that the practice merely postpones the symptoms, and courts addiction. Favored choices include a Corpse Reviver, Fernet Branca and Bloody Mary. * Kudzu (葛, Pueraria montana var. lobata): The main ingredient in remedies such as kakkonto. A study concluded, "The chronic usage of Pueraria lobata at times of high ethanol consumption, such as in<unk>  remedies, may predispose subjects to an increased risk of acetaldehyde-related neoplasm and pathology. ... Pueraria lobata appears to be an inappropriate herb for use in herbal<unk>  remedies as it is an inhibitor of ALDH2." * Artichoke: Research shows that artichoke extract does not prevent the signs and symptoms of alcohol-induced<unk> . * Sauna or steam-bath: Medical opinion holds this may be dangerous, as the combination of alcohol and hyperthermia increases the likelihood of dangerous abnormal heart rhythms. * Oxygen: There have been anecdotal reports from those with easy access to a breathing oxygen supply – medical staff, and military pilots — that oxygen can also reduce the symptoms of<unk> s sometimes caused by alcohol consumption. The theory is that the increased oxygen flow resulting from oxygen therapy improves the metabolic rate, and thus increases the speed at which toxins are broken down. However, one source states that (in an aviation context) oxygen has no effect on physical impairment caused by<unk> . * Fructose and glucose: Glucose and fructose significantly inhibit the metabolic changes produced by alcohol intoxication, nevertheless they have no significant effect on<unk>  severity. * Vitamin B6: No effects on alcohol metabolism, peak blood alcohol and glucose concentrations have been found and psychomotor function is not significantly improved when using Vitamin B6 supplements. * Caffeinated drinks: No significant correlation between caffeine use and<unk>  severity has been found.
Hangover
Altitude sickness
Superbill
Squawk 
Hovid 
Crutch
Whitlow
Aware 