<unk>  occurs when tissue fluid within the peritoneal and retroperitoneal space (either edema, retroperitoneal blood or free fluid in the abdomen) accumulates in such large volumes that the<unk>  wall compliance threshold is crossed and the abdomen can no longer stretch. Once the<unk>  wall can no longer expand, any further fluid leaking into the tissue results in fairly rapid rises in the pressure within the closed space. Initially this increase in pressure does not cause organ failure but does prevent organs from working properly – this is called intra-abdominal hypertension and is defined as a pressure over 12 mmHg in adults.<unk>  is defined by a sustained IAP(intra-abdominal pressure) above 20 mmHg with new-onset or progressive organ failure. Severe organ dysfunctionent<unk> . These pressure measurements are relative. Small children get into trouble and develop<unk><unk> s at much lower pressures while young previously healthy athletic individuals may tolerate an<unk>  pressure of 20 mmHg very well. The underlying cause of the disease process is capillary permeability caused by the systemic inflammatory response<unk>  (SIRS) that occurs in every critically ill patient. SIRS leads to leakage of fluid out of the capillary beds into the interstitial space in the entire body with a profound amount of this fluid leaking into the gut wall, mesentery and retroperitoneal tissue. * Peritoneal tissue edema secondary to diffuse peritonitis,<unk>  trauma * Fluid therapy due to massive volume resuscitation * Retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to trauma and aortic rupture * Peritoneal trauma secondary to emergency<unk>  operations * Reperfusion injury following bowel ischemia due to any cause * Retroperitoneal and mesenteric inflammatory edema secondary to acute pancreatitis * Ileus and bowel obstruction * Intra-abdominal masses of any cause *<unk>  packing for control of bleeding * Closure of the abdomen under undue tension * Ascites (intra-abdominal fluid accumulation) * Acute pancreatitis with abscesses formation<unk>  follows a destructive pathway similar to<unk><unk>  of the extremities. When increased compression occurs in such a hollow space, organs will begin to collapse under the pressure. As the pressure increases and reaches a point where the abdomen can no longer be distended it starts to affect the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. When<unk>  reaches this point without surgery and help of a silo the patient will most likely die. There is a high mortality rate associated with<unk> .
Abdominal compartment syndrome
Postcholecystectomy syndrome
PELVIS syndrome
Tertiary peritonitis
Acute abdomen
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Proteus syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome