<unk>  can be a life-threatening condition. Approximately 85.3% of newborns born with a<unk>  are immediately high risk. Infants born with a<unk>  have a "high mortality rate due to respiratory insufficiency". Between 25 and 60% of infants with a<unk>  die. The lungs, diaphragm, and digestive system are all forming at the same time, so when a<unk>  permits the abdominal organs to invade the chest cavity rather than remain under the diaphragm in the correct position, it puts the infant in critical condition. These "foreign bodies" in the chest cavity compress the lungs, impairing their proper development and causing pulmonary hypoplasia. Since the lungs of infants suffering from a<unk>  have fewer alveoli than normal lungs,<unk> s are life-threatening conditions due to respiratory distress. Like the lungs, the intestines may also have trouble developing correctly. If the intestines are trapped within the thoracic cavity, then the lungs and intestines may not be receiving the amount of blood they need to stay healthy and function properly. More individualized prognosis for infants depends on several factors, including where the infant is born, the amount of herniation into the thoracic cavity, whether the liver is in the thorax as well, and other malformations including heart defects. * Some institutions use a ratio called the Lung to Head Ratio (LHR) which is calculated by measuring the size of the infant's head, comparing it to the size of the observed volume of lung. An LHR >1.0 is associated with higher survival. * Other institutions use the Observed to Expected LHR (O/E LHR), which compares the expected ratio of size of the lungs for the fetus's gestation and other measurements, in comparison to what the observed ratio of size is for their lungs/head. When using the O/E LHR, the mildest form is >35%, signifying less difference between observed to expected. Moderate is considered 25-35%, and severe is <25%. For best outcomes, the fetus should be diagnosed prenatally and delivered at a tertiary hospital with ECMO capabilities. Different centers manage differently and have different outcomes. Some families temporarily relocate to be at the CDH surgical center of choice.
Bochdalek hernia
Diaphragmatic rupture
Epigastric hernia
Hiatal hernia
Retrocolic hernia
De Garengeot's hernia
Spigelian hernia
Paraumbilical hernia