<unk>  is usually performed using an incision that extends from the sternum to several inches below the navel. A less invasive procedure (L-RPLND) can be performed laparoscopically, but this is more costly and time-consuming, and requires specialized equipment that not every hospital has. Additionally, it is unclear whether L-RPLND is as effective as the standard, open procedure.
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
Inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy
Abdominoperineal resection
Lower anterior resection
Pinealectomy
Frozen pelvis
Transperineal biopsy
Radical retropubic prostatectomy