Focal epilepsy<unk>  is effective as single-drug treatment for newly diagnosed focal epilepsy in adults. It reduces focal seizures by 50% or more as an add-on medication. Partial-complex epilepsy<unk>  is effective as add-on treatment for partial (focal) epilepsy. Generalized epilepsy<unk>  is effective for treatment of generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy. It has been approved in the United States as add-on treatment for myoclonic, and tonic-clonic seizures.<unk>  has been approved in the European Union as a monotherapy treatment for epilepsy in the case of partial seizures or as an adjunctive therapy for partial, myoclonic, and tonic-clonic seizures.<unk>  is sometimes used off label to treat status epilepticus. Prevention of seizures Based on low-quality evidence,<unk>  is about as effective as phenytoin for prevention of early seizures after traumatic brain injury. It may be effective for prevention of seizures associated with subarachnoid hemorrhages. Other<unk>  has not been found to be useful for treatment of neuropathic pain, nor for treatment of essential tremors.<unk>  has not been found to be useful for treating autism, but is an effective treatment for partial, myoclonic, or tonic-clonic seizures associated with autism spectrum disorder. Special groups Studies in female pregnant rats have shown minor fetal skeletal abnormalities when given maximum recommended human doses of<unk>  orally throughout pregnancy and lactation. Studies were conducted to look for increased adverse effects in the elderly population as compared to younger patients. One such study published in Epilepsy Research showed no significant increase in incidence of adverse symptoms experienced by young or elderly patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders.<unk>  may be safely used with caution in children over the age of four. However, it has not been determined whether it can be safely given to children under the age of four.
Levetiracetam
Piracetam
Phenylpiracetam
Mesuximide
Dimiracetam
Brivaracetam
Lamotrigine
Ethosuximide