Social and environmental Social circumstances appear to be highly influential in<unk>  beliefs. Based on data collected by means of a mental health survey distributed to residents of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua (in Mexico) and El<unk> so, Texas (in the United States),<unk>  beliefs seem to be associated with feelings of powerlessness and victimization, enhanced by social situations. Potential causes of these effects included a sense of believing in external control, and mistrust which can be strengthened by lower socioeconomic status. Those living in a lower socioeconomic status may feel less in control of their own lives. In addition, this study explains that females have the tendency to believe in external control at a higher rate than males, potentially making females more susceptible to mistrust and the effects of socioeconomic status on<unk> . Emanuel Messinger reports that surveys have revealed that<unk>  can develop from<unk> rental relationships and untrustworthy environments. These environments could include being very disciplinary, stringent, and unstable. It was even noted that, "indulging and<unk> mpering (thereby impressing the child that they are something special and warrants special privileges)," can be contributing backgrounds. Experiences likely to enhance or manifest the symptoms of<unk>  include increased rates of disappointment, stress, and a hopeless state of mind. Discrimination has also been reported as a potential predictor of<unk>  delusions. Such reports that<unk>  seemed to appear more in older<unk> tients who had experienced higher levels of discrimination throughout their lives. In addition to this it has been noted that immigrants are quite susceptible to forms of psychosis. This could be due to the aforementioned effects of discriminatory events and humiliation. Psychological Many more mood-based symptoms, grandiosity and guilt, may underlie functional<unk> . Colby (1981) defined<unk>  cognition in terms of persecutory delusions and false beliefs whose propositional content clusters around ideas of being harassed, threatened, harmed, subjugated, persecuted, accused, mistreated, wronged, tormented, disparaged, vilified, and so on, by malevolent others, either specific individuals or groups (p. 518). Three components of<unk>  cognition have been identified by Robins & Post: a) suspicions without enough basis that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them; b) preoccupation with unjustified doubts about the loyalty, or trustworthiness, of friends or associates; c) reluctance to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against them (1997, p. 3).<unk>  cognition has been conceptualized by clinical psychology almost exclusively in terms of psychodynamic constructs and dispositional variables. From this point of view,<unk>  cognition is a manifestation of an intra-psychic conflict or disturbance. For instance, Colby (1981) suggested that the biases of blaming others for one's problems serve to alleviate the distress produced by the feeling of being humiliated, and helps to repudiate the belief that the self is to blame for such incompetence. This intra-psychic perspective emphasizes that the cause of<unk>  cognitions are inside the head of the people (social perceiver), and dismiss the fact that<unk>  cognition may be related with the social context in which such cognitions are embedded. This point is extremely relevant because when origins of distrust and suspicion (two components of<unk>  cognition) are studied many researchers have accentuated the importance of social interaction,<unk> rticularly when social interaction has gone awry. Even more, a model of trust development pointed out that trust increases or decreases as a function of the cumulative history of interaction between two or more persons. Another relevant difference can be discerned among "pathological and non-pathological forms of trust and distrust". According to Deutsch, the main difference is that non-pathological forms are flexible and responsive to changing circumstances.<unk> thological forms reflect exaggerated perceptual biases and judgmental predispositions that can arise and perpetuate them, are reflexively caused errors similar to a self-fulfilling prophecy. It has been suggested that a "hierarchy" of<unk>  exists, extending from mild social evaluative concerns, through ideas of social reference, to persecutory beliefs concerning mild, moderate, and severe threats. Physical A<unk>  reaction may be caused from a decline in brain circulation as a result of high blood pressure or hardening of the arterial walls. Drug-induced<unk> , associated with cannabis, amphetamines, methamphetamine and similar stimulants has much in common with schizophrenic<unk> ; the relationship has been under investigation since 2012. Drug-induced<unk>  has a better prognosis than schizophrenic<unk>  once the drug has been removed. For further information, see stimulant psychosis and substance-induced psychosis. Based on data obtained by the Dutch NEMESIS project in 2005, there was an association between impaired hearing and the onset of symptoms of psychosis, which was based on a five-year follow up. Some older studies have actually declared that a state of<unk>  can be produced in<unk> tients that were under a hypnotic state of deafness. This idea however generated much skepticism during its time.
Paranoia
Snatiation
Hypersomnia
Allomnesia
Amnesia
Anhedonia
Dyssomnia
Pain asymbolia