Perinatal outcomes<unk>  infants may require respiratory support such as intubation and mechanical ventilation due to lung immaturity.LBW is closely associated with fetal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, inhibited growth and cognitive development, and chronic diseases later in life. At the population level, the proportion of babies with a<unk>  is an indicator of a multifaceted public-health problem that includes long-term maternal malnutrition, ill health, hard work and poor health care in pregnancy. On an individual basis,<unk>  is an important predictor of newborn health and survival and is associated with higher risk of infant and childhood mortality.<unk>  constitutes as sixty to<unk> y percent of the infant mortality rate in developing countries. Infant mortality due to<unk>  is usually directly causal, stemming from other medical complications such as preterm birth, PPROM, poor maternal nutritional status, lack of prenatal care, maternal sickness during pregnancy, and an unhygienic home environment. Long term outcomes Hyponatremia in the newborn period is associated with neurodevelopmental conditions such as spastic cerebral palsy and sensorineural hearing loss. Rapid correction of hyponatremia (faster than 0.4 mEq/L/hour) perinatally is also associated with neurodevelopmental adverse effects. Among<unk>  children, risk for cognitive impairment is increased with<unk> er birth<unk> , male sex, nonwhite ethnicity, and<unk> er parental education level. There is no clear association between brain injury in the neonatal period and later cognitive impairment. Additionally,<unk>  has associations with cardiovascular diseases later in life, especially in cases of large increases in<unk>  during childhood.
Low birth weight
Low Birth Weight
Preterm birth
Breech birth
Gestational age
Stillbirth
Multiple birth
Small for gestational age