PVC is used extensively in sewer pipes due to its low cost, chemical resistance and ease of jointing.<unk>  plasticizers are essential to the utility of PVC, which otherwise is too brittle.<unk> s are used in a large variety of products, from enteric coatings of pharmaceutical pills and nutritional supplements to viscosity control agents, gelling agents, film formers, stabilizers, dispersants, lubricants, binders, emulsifying agents, and suspending agents. End-applications include adhesives and glues, agricultural adjuvants, building materials, personal-care products, medical devices, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, modelling clay, waxes, paints, printing inks and coatings, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.<unk> s are also frequently used in soft plastic fishing lures, caulk, paint pigments, and sex toys made of so-called "jelly rubber".<unk> s are used in a variety of household applications such as shower curtains, vinyl upholstery, adhesives, floor tiles, food wrap film, and cleaning materials. Personal-care items containing<unk> s include perfume, eye shadow, moisturizer, nail polish, liquid soap, and hair spray. Europe's Plasticiser Use 2017 Europe's and Global Plasticiser Use by type 2017<unk> s are also found in modern electronics and medical applications such as catheters and blood transfusion devices. The most widely used<unk> s in Europe are high molecular weight<unk> s, such as di-isodecyl<unk>  (DIDP), and di-isononyl<unk>  (DINP). Benzyl-butyl<unk>  (BBP) is used in the manufacture of foamed PVC, which is used mostly as a flooring material, although its use is decreasing rapidly in the Western countries due to regulatory issues.<unk> s with lower molecular weights may be used as solvents in some personal care products, such as perfumes and cosmetics, as well as coatings used to provide time releases in certain pharmaceuticals. Approximately 7.5 million tonnes of plasticizers are produced globally every year, of which the European share accounts for approximately 1.35 million metric tonnes. Approximately 80% of those totals globally are<unk> s of different types, down from about 88% in 2005. The remaining 20% are alternative chemistries. In Europe the current figures is 72%. Plasticizers contribute 10–60% of total weight of plasticized products. More recently in Europe and the US, regulatory developments have resulted in a change in<unk>  consumption, with the higher<unk> s (DINP and DIDP) replacing DEHP as the general purpose plasticizer of choice because DIDP and DINP were not classified as hazardous. All of these mentioned<unk> s are now regulated and restricted in many products. DEHP, although most applications are shown to pose no risk when studied using recognized methods of risk assessment, has been classified as a Category 1B reproductive toxicant, and is now on the Annex XIV of the European Union's REACH legislation. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)<unk>  DEHP has been phased out in Europe under REACH and can only be used in specific cases if an authorisation has been granted. Authorisations are granted by the European Commission, after obtaining the opinion of the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) and the Committee for Socio-economic Analysis (SEAC) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).
Phthalate
Photoanethole
Tetraethyllead
Dichloroacetic acid
Diiodohydroxyquinoline
Dicoumarol
Selenous acid
Tetrachlorodecaoxide