The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical anatomical structure that is located within the vertebral cavity. It runs from the foramen magnum of the skull to the conus medullaris at the lumbar spine. Most symptoms from<unk> s occur due to compression of the spinal cord as it plays a primary role in motor and sensory function. The spinal cord is surrounded by three layers known as the spinal meninges. These are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. Spinal cord<unk> s are classified based on their location within the spinal cord: intradural (intradmedullary and extramedullary) and extradural<unk> s. Intradural<unk> s are located within the dura mater. These are further broken down into intramedullary and extramedullary<unk> s. Intradural-intramedullary<unk> s are located within the spinal cord itself, with the most common being ependymomas, astrocytomas, and hemangioblastomas. Intradural-extramedullary<unk> s are located within the dura but outside of the spinal cord parenchyma, with the most common being meningiomas and nerve sheath<unk> s (e.g. schwannomas, neurofibromas). Extradural<unk> s are located outside the dura mater most commonly in the vertebral bodies from metastatic disease. Common primary cancers in metastatic<unk> s includes breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancer. It is important to diagnose and promptly treat metastatic<unk> s as they can lead to long-term neurologic deficit from epidural spinal cord compression. Primary extradural<unk> s are rare and most arise from surrounding bony and soft tissue structures, including Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and vertebral hemangioblastomas.
Spinal tumor
Spinal disease
Spinal stenosis
Spinal disc herniation
Spinal fracture
Spinal epidural hematoma
Cervical spinal stenosis
Lumbar spinal stenosis