The causes of<unk>  is unclear. It is thought, however, that many cases are caused by uncontrolled brain signals running to nerve endings. Therefore, suppression medication is often the first-line therapy such as antidepressants and anti-epileptic medication are prescribed. It has also been reported that very cold or hot beverages can trigger an esophageal spasm. Avoidance therapy benefits some people, but it has not been medically proven. Food allergies or intolerances may also be a cause in which spasms may be triggered within hours or days from the offending foods.
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Heartburn
Esophageal spasm
Esophageal achalasia
Esophageal candidiasis
Nutcracker esophagus
Esophageal stricture
Lymphocytic esophagitis