The principal objective is to remove the esophagus, a part of the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is usually done for patients with esophageal cancer. It is normally done when esophageal cancer is detected early, before it has spread to other parts of the body.<unk>  of early-stage cancer represents the best chance of a cure. Despite significant improvements in technique and postoperative care, the long-term survival for esophageal cancer is still poor. Multimodality treatment (chemotherapy and radiation therapy) is needed for advanced tumors.<unk>  is also occasionally performed for benign disease such as esophageal atresia in children, achalasia, or caustic injury. In those who have had an<unk>  for cancer, omentoplasty (a procedure in which part of the greater omentum is used to cover or fill a defect, augment arterial or portal venous circulation, absorb effusions, or increase lymphatic drainage) appears to improve outcomes.
Esophagectomy
Gingivectomy
Esophageal stent
Laryngectomy
Mucosectomy
Laryngotracheal reconstruction
Gastrectomy
Railway surgery