Foix-Chavany-Marie Syndrome is primarily caused by multiple strokes and lesions. However, less common causes that can eventually produce lesions to the operculum resulting in the FCMS syndrome include the following; tumors, trauma, encephalitis, neurodegenerative diseases, and vasculitis. Viral infections, such as Herpes and HIV can also cause FCMS. Moreover, any lesion in the cortical or sub-cortical region affecting the corticobulbar pathways will produce FCMS. Cerebrovascular disease Strokes are one of the most common causes of Foix-Chavany-Marie Syndrome. The type of strokes associated with this syndrome include embolic and thrombotic strokes. Strokes affecting the middle cerebral artery and the branches that pass through or near the operculum are characteristic of FCMS. Central nervous system infection Symptoms of infections specifically HIV and Herpes simplex encephalitis can cause FCMS. Numerous lesions can develop with HIV infections, which likely result in the development of FCMS. Epilepsy Epilepsy symptoms such as seizures can spread discharges that cause FCMS. This causation results in the only reversible development of FCMS as it is the only cause that allows full recuperation from speech, swallowing, and mastication difficulties when treated. This causation is most commonly seen in children with FCMS. Unusual Causes * Tumors * Multiple Sclerosis * Neurodegenerative diseases * Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis * Moyamoya disease * Vasculitis * Trauma
Foix–Chavany–Marie syndrome
Wilson–Turner syndrome
Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome
Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome
Witteveen–Kolk syndrome
Foix–Alajouanine syndrome
Smith–Fineman–Myers syndrome
Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome