Prompt medical treatment should be sought for suspected dislocation. Usually, the<unk>  is kept in its current position by use of a splint or sling. A pillow between the arm and torso may provide support and increase comfort. Strong analgesics are needed to allay the pain of a dislocation and the distress associated with it. Reduction An example of a<unk>  reduction technique, specifically the Cunningham technique<unk>  reduction may be accomplished with a number of techniques including traction-countertraction, external rotation, scapular manipulation, Stimson technique, Cunningham technique, or Milch technique. Pain can be managed during the procedures either by procedural sedation and analgesia or injected lidocaine into the<unk>  joint. Injecting lidocaine into the joint may be less expensive and faster. If a<unk>  cannot be relocated in the emergency room, relocation in the operating room may be required. This situation occurs in about 7% of cases. Stimson procedure is the least painful, widely used<unk>  reduction technique. In this procedure a weight is attached to the wrist while the injured arm is hanging off an examination table for between 20 to 30 minutes. The arm is then slowly rotated until the<unk>  is relocated. Sedatives are used in Stimson procedure and first time Stimson reduction for acute<unk>  dislocation requires wearing arm slings for between 2 and 4 weeks. Post-reduction There is no strong evidence of a difference in outcomes when the arm is immobilized in internal versus external rotation following an anterior<unk>  dislocation. A 2008 study of 300 people for almost six years found that conventional<unk>  immobilisation in a sling offered no benefit. Surgery MRI of<unk>  after dislocation with Hill-Sachs lesion and labral Bankart's lesion. In young adults engaged in highly demanding activities<unk>  surgery may be considered. Arthroscopic surgery techniques may be used to repair the glenoidal labrum, capsular ligaments, biceps long head anchor or SLAP lesion or to tighten the<unk>  capsule. Arthroscopic stabilization surgery has evolved from the Bankart repair, a time-honored surgical treatment for recurrent anterior instability of the<unk> . However, the failure rate following Bankart repair has been shown to increase markedly in people with significant bone loss from the glenoid (socket). In such cases, improved results have been reported with some form of bone augmentation of the glenoid such as the Latarjet operation. Although posterior dislocation is much less common, instability following it is no less challenging and, again, some form of bone augmentation may be required to control instability. Damaged ligaments, including labral tears, occurring as a result of posterior dislocations may be treated arthroscopically. There remains those situations characterized by multidirectional instability, which have failed to respond satisfactorily to rehabilitation, falling under the AMBRI classification previously noted. This is usually due to an overstretched and redundant capsule which no longer offers stability or support. Traditionally, this has responded well to a 'reefing' procedure known as an open inferior capsular shift. More recently, the procedure has been carried out as an arthroscopic procedure, rather than open surgery, again with comparable results. Most recently, the procedure has been carried out using radio frequency technology to shrink the redundant<unk>  capsule (thermal capsular shrinkage); while long-term results of this development are currently unproven, recent studies show thermal capsular shrinkage have higher failure rates with the highest number of cases of instability recurrence and re-operation.
Dislocated shoulder
Separated shoulder
Sprained ankle
Scapular fracture
Back strain
Sacral fracture
Milwaukee shoulder syndrome
Elbow fracture