The use of<unk>  is contraindicated in patients with moderate-to-severe neck and facial fractures due to the increased risk of airway obstruction or improper tube placement. Special attention is necessary during insertion under these circumstances in order to avoid undue trauma to the esophagus. There is also a greater risk to patients suffering from bleeding disorders, particularly those resulting from the distended sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus known as esophageal varices which may be easily ruptured due to their friability and also in GERD(Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease). Alternative measures, such as an orogastric<unk> , should be considered under these circumstances, or if the patient will be incapable of meeting their nutritional and caloric needs for an extended time period (usually >24 hours).
Nasogastric intubation
Tracheal intubation
Basic airway management
Advanced airway management
Surgical airway management
Blind insertion airway device
Tracheotomy
Laryngeal mask airway