<unk> e are typically repaired either transvaginally or laparoscopically, although patients who have had multiple transvaginal procedures sometimes attempt a final repair through a large abdominal incision, or laparotomy. The laparoscopic (minimally invasive) approach to<unk>  repair has become more prevalent due to its greater visualization, higher success rate, and lower rate of complications. Possible complications of surgical treatment * Recurrent formation of the fistula * Injury to ureter, bowel, or intestines * Vaginal shortening
Vesicovaginal fistula
Rectovaginal fistula
Ureterovaginal fistula
Urogenital fistula
Urethrovaginal fistula
Varicocele
Urethrocele
Rectal prolapse