<unk>  has fewer than 30 confirmed cases, where it usually affects males, but some carrier females show mild manifestations of the disorder. As of 2015, the syndrome has been reported in 5 families. Prevalence and incidence rates are not fully known at this time but are spread across Germany, France, the Netherlands, Australia, and the United States. In 4 generations of a Missouri kindred, Miles and Carpenter (1991) observed 3 brothers and a male cousin with mental retardation in association with exotropia, microcephaly, distal muscle wasting, and 10 low digital arches. Six women who might represent heterozygotes were found to have 8 to 10 low digital arches; 5 of these women had exotropia. A second family was found with a similar, but more severe phenotype. Affected individuals presented with neonatal respiratory distress, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, muscle weakness, and ptosis, suggesting dysfunction of neuromuscular transmission in utero. A third family identified by Hirata et al. (2013) had previously been reported by Hennekam et al. (1991). That family had 5 affected males in 3 sibships connected through females. Affected males had severe arthrogryposis and muscle weakness in the pre- and postnatal periods, resulting in death within the first weeks or months of life. The 1 surviving boy was had severely impaired intellectual development. May et al. (2015) reported 3 previously unreported families with X-linked syndromic mental retardation. There were 10 affected males and 10 carrier females. There was phenotypic variability between the families, but all male patients had impaired intellectual development. Frints et al. (2019) reported 11 males from 6 unrelated families (families 1, 4-6, 9, and 19) with WRWF. Two additional male patients (families 18 and 24) were sporadic cases with de novo missense variants. Some affected fetuses showed signs of the disorder in utero: these included clubfoot or rocker bottom feet, fetal hypo/akinesia, contractures, AMC, and nuchal edema.
Wieacker syndrome
Nutcracker syndrome
Heyde's syndrome
Löffler's syndrome
Meigs's syndrome
Foerster's syndrome
Waltman Walter syndrome
Riddoch syndrome