The article reviews the evolution of<unk><unk><unk><unk>  measurement (CNAP). The historical gap between ease of use, but intermittent upper arm instruments and bulky, but<unk>  “pulse writers” (sphygmographs) is discussed starting with the first efforts to measure pulse, published by Jules Harrison in 1835. Such sphygmographs led a shadowy existence in the past, while Riva Rocci's upper arm blood<unk>  measurement started its triumphant success over 100 years ago. In recent times, CNAP measurement introduced by Jan Penáz in 1973 enabled the first recording of<unk>  beat-to-beat blood<unk>  resulting in marketed products such as the Finapres™ device and its successors. Recently, a novel method for CNAP monitoring has been designed for patient monitoring in perioperative, critical and emergency care, where blood<unk>  needs to be measured repeatedly or even<unk> ly to facilitate the best care for patients.
History of continuous noninvasive arterial pressure
History of invasive and interventional cardiology
History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
History of hypertension
History of general anesthesia
History of aspirin
History of neuraxial anesthesia
History of tracheal intubation