Estrogen and progesterone After delivery of the placenta, mothers experience an abrupt decline of gonadal hormones, namely estrogen and progesterone. Major hormonal changes in the early postpartum period may trigger mood symptoms similarly to how more minor hormonal shifts cause mood swings prior to menstrual periods.Studies have not detected a consistent association between hormone concentrations and development of postpartum mood disorders. Some investigators believe the discrepant results may be due to variations in sensitivity to hormonal shifts across different subgroups of women. Therefore, development of mood symptoms may be related to a woman's sensitivity, based on genetic predisposition and psychosocial stressors, to changes in hormones rather than absolute hormonal levels. Other The association between<unk>  and a variety of other biological factors, including cortisol and the HPA axis, tryptophan, prolactin, thyroid hormone, and others have been assessed over the years with inconclusive results. Emerging research has suggested a potential association between the gut microbiome and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders.
Postpartum blues
Postpartum bleeding
Antepartum bleeding
Postpartum chills
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Recurrent miscarriage
Obstetrical bleeding
Early pregnancy bleeding