Treatment of<unk>  depends on the source of the hemorrhage. If the bleeding is identified on angiography to be coming from a vessel that is small enough to occlude, embolization through angiography may stop the bleeding. Both coils in the end-artery and stents across the area of bleeding have been used to control the hemorrhage. However, the bleeding may be refractory to the embolization, which would necessitate surgery to remove the pancreas at the source of hemorrhage. Also, the cause of bleeding may be too diffuse to be treated with embolization (such as with pancreatitis or with pancreatic cancer). This may also require surgical therapy, and usually a distal pancreatectomy, or removal of the part of the pancreas from the area of bleeding to the tail, is required.
Hemosuccus pancreaticus
Pancreatic fistula
Gastrojejunocolic fistula
Vesicointestinal fistula
Stercoral perforation
Pancreatic abscess
Acute esophageal necrosis
Enterocutaneous fistula