<unk>  (EIS), or<unk>  resistance, is a form of congenital<unk>  deficiency or hypoestrogenism which is caused by a defective<unk>  receptor (ER) – specifically, the<unk>  receptor alpha (ERα) – that results in an inability of<unk>  to mediate its biological effects in the body. Congenital<unk>  deficiency can alternatively be caused by a defect in aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of<unk> s, a condition which is referred to as aromatase deficiency and is similar in symptomatology to EIS. EIS is an extremely rare occurrence. As of 2016, there have been three published reports of EIS, involving a total of five individuals. The reports include a male case published in 1994, a female case published in 2013, and a familial case involving two sisters and a brother which was published in 2016. EIS is analogous to androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), a condition in which the androgen receptor (AR) is defective and insensitive to androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The functional opposite of EIS is hyperestrogenism, for instance that seen in aromatase excess syndrome.
Estrogen insensitivity syndrome
Aromatase excess syndrome
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome
Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Aromatase deficiency
Familial male-limited precocious puberty