Basically, understanding of the etiology of<unk>  provides the platform on which to build on its<unk> thophysiology. The general principles guiding the causes and the<unk> thophysiology of<unk>  are grouped into antepartum causes and intra<unk> rtum causes. As these are the various points to which insults can occur to the foetus. *Antepartum causes *Inadequate oxygenation of maternal blood due to hypoventilation during anesthesia, heart diseases, pneumonia, respiratory failure * Low maternal blood pressure due to hypotension e.g. compression of vena cava and aorta, excess anaesthesia. *Premature separation of placenta *Placental insufficiency *Intra<unk> rtum causes * Inadequate relaxation of uterus due to excess oxytocin * Prolonged delivery * Knotting of umbilical cord around the neck of infant
Perinatal asphyxia
Nuchal cord
Neonatal sepsis
Traumatic asphyxia
Positional asphyxia
Intrauterine hypoxia
Neonatal infection
Apnea of prematurity