<unk>  is a common presenting problem in the pediatric population in both resource-abundant and resource-poor countries. While epidemiology may vary by region, inadequate caloric intake remains the most common cause of<unk>  in both developed and developing countries, and poverty is the greatest risk factor for<unk>  worldwide. Resource-abundant regions<unk>  is prevalent in developed countries, with literature from Western studies demonstrating a prevalence of about 8% among pediatric patients. Presentations of<unk>  comprise about 5-10% of children seen as outpatients by primary care physicians and 3-5% of hospital admissions for children.<unk>  is more prevalent in children of lower socioeconomic status in both rural and urban areas.<unk>  is also associated with lower parental education levels. Additionally, retrospective studies done in the United States suggest that males are slightly more likely than females to be admitted to the hospital for<unk> . Low-resourced regions<unk>  is more common in developing countries and is mostly driven by malnutrition due to poverty. In an example of the high prevalence of<unk>  due to malnutrition, in India, about 40% of the population suffers from mild to moderate malnutrition and about 25% of pediatric hospitalizations are due to malnutrition. Malnutrition is a global problem of great scale. Worldwide, problems with receiving adequate nutrition contributes to about 45% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years old. In 2020, global estimates of malnutrition indicated that 149 million children under 5 were stunted and 45 million were estimated to be wasted. In 2014, approximately 462 millions adults were estimated to be underweight. It is important to note that these reports are likely underestimating the true scope of the global burden. Malnutrition can also be classified to acute malnutrition and chronic malnutrition. Acute malnutrition indicates inadequate or insufficient nutrient intake resulting in severe systemic degeneration. Globally, approximately 32.7 million children under 5 years are found to have visible and clinical signs of acute malnutrition. Severe wasting is seen in 14.3 million children within this age group. These disorders are primarily localized to resource-limited regions. In comparison, chronic malnutrition is a condition that develops over time and results in growth inadequacy with subsequent developmental, physical and cognitive delays. Around 144 million children worldwide suffer from chronic malnutrition.
Failure to thrive
Breastfeeding difficulties
Macroglossia
Stunted growth
Aglossia
Psychomotor retardation
Growth attenuation
Aphallia