Like other methylated xanthine derivatives,<unk>  is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNF and leukotriene synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity. In addition,<unk>  improves red blood cell deformability (known as a haemorrheologic effect), reduces blood viscosity and decreases the potential for platelet aggregation and blood clot formation.<unk>  is also an antagonist at adenosine 2 receptors.
Pentoxifylline
Enoxaparin sodium
Apixaban
Elinogrel
Cilostazol
Epitiostanol
Endarterectomy
Palladin