Cervical<unk>  This procedure is used to look for the level of where spinal cord disease occurs or compression of the spinal cord at the neck region for those who are unable or unwilling to undergone MRI scan of the spine. Lumbar<unk>  This procedure is to look for the level of spinal cord disease such as lumbar nerve root compression, cauda equina syndrome, conus medullaris lesions, and spinal stenosis. This is done for those who are unwilling or unable to do MRI scan of the spine. Lumbar puncture is done before injected contrast into the thecal sac. However, it is dangerous to do lumbar puncture in those who has raised intracranial pressure. For those who had recently done lumbar punctre in one week time, there may be some cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the subdural space. Thus needle maybe mistakenly inserted into subdural space rather than the targeted subarachnoid space. AP, lateral, and oblique radiographic views of the lumbar spine are taken. The oblique view is used to examine the exiting nerve roots from cauda equina. Thoracic<unk>  To image the thoracic spine, lumbar puncture is done and contrast medium is injected into the puncture site. The subject lie down on one side, then head of the table is lowered, with subject's head supported by bolster or pad to prevent the contrast from flowing up into the neck. CT<unk>  Contrast media is injected into the thecal sac. The subject is then rotated longitudinally a few times to ensure even coating of the contrast around spinal cord and reduce the possibility of layering of the contrast media just before CT scan.<unk>  in children General anesthesia is required for all children before 6 years old, and most of the children before 12 years old. For those children with spinal cord diseases, lumbar puncture may damage the spinal cord due to possibility of tethered spinal cord syndrome where the spinal cord is located below than the usual spinal termination level. Therefore, lumbar puncture should be done at the lowest position as possible for such cases. However, spinal cord injury is rare. There is also a possibility of herniation of cerebellar tonsils when C1/C2 puncture is done laterally.
Myelography
Magnetic resonance myelography
Spinal fMRI
Cervicography
Nerve biopsy
Neuroimaging
Electromyography
Lumbar provocative discography