<unk> s can be a challenge to diagnose since they can mimic cysts or neoplasms. There can different exams used in combination to make a final diagnosis: * Physical exam * Ultrasound * Urine test * Blood test * CT scan * MRI scan Differential diagnosis of<unk>  includes testicular tumor, testicular torsion, and epididymitis. In a blood test or urine test, serum levels of tumor markers such as (alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, β-human chorionic gonadotropin) can help to reveal if testicular cancer is present which can help with the differential diagnosis. When there is no certain cause, a diagnosis of idiopathic scrotal<unk>  will be made. In the case of chronic idiopathic scrotal<unk> , a history of trauma to the perineum is usually denied, which is a key evidence for the diagnosis of scrotal<unk>  that is idiopathic. If no evidence of hematological alterations or vasculitis is present, that can indicate for another possible cause of scrotal<unk> .
Hematocele
Spermatocele
Pneumatocele
Hydrocele
Varicocele
Urethrocele
Hydrocele testis
Hydrosalpinx