<unk>  refers to the subjective, desired and adverse effects of<unk>  on the mind and behavior of users. Both self-induced and involuntary<unk>  have medical and legal implications (even in absence of relevant adverse effects). Adverse effects can develop over time due to repeated use and so become chronic conditions. However, even a one-time intake of the substance can result in severe acute<unk> . Recurrent<unk>  use and dependence to the drug inevitably leads to the reduction of the desired effects perceived by the users, while the occurrence of adverse effects of<unk>  increase. The last can sometimes be completely reversed without bearing consequences but they can also potentially kill the users (e.g., in cases of untreated or non-manageable overdoses).
Cocaine intoxication
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Carbamate poisoning
Benzodiazepine overdose
Nicotine withdrawal
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Opioid overdose