It is important to understand that<unk>  in itself is not the main issue, but what<unk>  represents is.<unk>  is the intermediate stage between increased<unk>  ventricular pressure (in the early stages) and<unk>  ventricle failure (in the later stages). As such, management of<unk>  is about either preventing the development of<unk>  in the first place, or preventing the progression towards<unk>  ventricle failure.<unk>  in itself has no (pharmacological) treatment. Treating the cause Since the main causes of<unk>  is tricuspid regurgitation or pulmonary hypertension (discussed above), management involves treatment of these conditions. Tricuspid regurgitation is typically treated conservatively by aiming to treat the underlying cause and following up the patient regularly. Surgery is considered in more serious situations where the patient is severely symptomatic. Surgical options include either: replacement of the valve or repair of the valve (termed annuloplasty). When it comes to replacement, there is a choice between a bioprosthetic valve or a mechanical valve, depending upon the specific patient characteristics. Mechanical valve has greater durability, but requires anti-coagulation to reduce the risk of thrombosis. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension will depend on the specific cause of the pulmonary hypertension. On top of this, the following may also be considered: diuretic, oxygen and anti-coagulant therapy. Managing the complications After a prolonged period, the<unk>  ventricle fails to adapt sufficiently to pump against increased<unk>  ventricle pressure, which is termed<unk>  ventricular failure. This<unk>  ventricular failure is the main complication of<unk> . The mechanisms underlying the progression from hypertrophy to failure is not well understood, and the best management approach involves reducing/minimising the risk factors of progression. Lifestyle changes can often help to reduce the risk of this progression. Lifestyle changes include: eating less salty food as salt consumption leads to greater fluid retention by the body; smoking cessation; avoiding excessive alcohol consumption as alcohol reduces the force of heart contractions. Once<unk>  progresses to<unk>  ventricular failure, the treatment becomes that of heart failure. Briefly, this includes the use of: * Diuretics * 3 ACEi * Beta Blockers * Aldosterone * Antongists * Cardiac glycosides * Vasodilators
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrial enlargement
Aortic unfolding
types of Cardiomegaly
Ventricular hypertrophy
Atrial enlargement
Left atrial enlargement