Any condition resulting in decreased peripheral sensation, proprioception, and fine motor control: *Diabetes mellitus neuropathy (the most common in the U.S. today, resulting in destruction of foot and ankle joints), with Charcot joints in 1/600-700 diabetics; related to long-term high blood glucose levels. *Alcoholic neuropathy *Cerebral palsy *Leprosy *Syphilis (tabes dorsalis), caused by the organism Treponema pallidum *Spinal cord injury *Myelomeningocele *Syringomyelia *Intra-articular steroid injections *Congenital insensitivity to pain *Peroneal muscular atrophy Underlying mechanisms *Two primary theories have been advanced: *Neurotrauma: Loss of peripheral sensation and proprioception leads to repetitive microtrauma to the joint in question; this damage goes unnoticed by the<unk>  patient, and the resultant inflammatory resorption of traumatized bone renders that region weak and susceptible to further trauma. In addition, poor fine motor control generates unnatural pressure on certain joints, leading to additional microtrauma. *Neurovascular:<unk>  patients have dysregulated autonomic nervous system reflexes, and de-sensitized joints receive significantly greater blood flow. The resulting hyperemia leads to increased osteoclastic resorption of bone, and this, in concert with mechanical stress, leads to bony destruction. In reality, both of these mechanisms probably play a role in the development of a Charcot joint. Joint involvement Diabetes is the foremost cause in America today for<unk>  joint disease, and the foot is the most affected region. In those with foot deformity, approximately 60% are in the tarsometatarsal joints (medial joints affected more than lateral), 30% Metatarsophalangeal joints and 10% have ankle disease. Over half of diabetic patients with<unk>  joints can recall some kind of precipitating trauma, usually minor. Patients with neurosyphilis tend to have knee involvement, and patients with syringomyelia of the spinal cord may demonstrate shoulder deformity. Hip joint destruction is also seen in<unk>  patients.
Neuropathic arthropathy
Osteomyelitis
Compression arthralgia
Jaccoud arthropathy
Glossitis
Crystal arthropathy
Enthesitis
Enteropathic arthropathy