+Time to remove 50%<unk> yhemoglobin Oxygen pressure О2 Time 21% oxygen at normal atmospheric pressure (fresh air) 5 hours 20 min 100% oxygen at normal atmospheric pressure (non-rebreather oxygen mask) 1 hours 20 min 100% hyperbaric oxygen (3 atmospheres absolute) 23 min Initial treatment for<unk>  is to immediately remove the person from the exposure without endangering further people. Those who are unconscious may require CPR on site. Administering oxygen via non-rebreather mask shortens the half-life of<unk><unk>  from 320 minutes, when breathing normal air, to only 80 minutes. Oxygen hastens the dissociation of<unk><unk>  from<unk> yhemoglobin, thus turning it back into hemoglobin. Due to the possible severe effects in the baby, pregnant women are treated with oxygen for longer periods of time than non-pregnant people. Hyperbaric oxygen A person within a hyperbaric oxygen chamber Hyperbaric oxygen is also used in the treatment of<unk> , as it may hasten dissociation of CO from<unk> yhemoglobin and cytochrome oxidase to a greater extent than normal oxygen. Hyperbaric oxygen at three times atmospheric pressure reduces the half life of<unk><unk>  to 23 (~80/3 minutes) minutes, compared to 80 minutes for oxygen at regular atmospheric pressure. It may also enhance oxygen transport to the tissues by plasma, partially bypassing the normal transfer through hemoglobin. However, it is controversial whether hyperbaric oxygen actually offers any extra benefits over normal high flow oxygen, in terms of increased survival or improved long-term outcomes. There have been randomized controlled trials in which the two treatment options have been compared; of the six performed, four found hyperbaric oxygen improved outcome and two found no benefit for hyperbaric oxygen. Some of these trials have been criticized for apparent flaws in their implementation. A review of all the literature concluded that the role of hyperbaric oxygen is unclear and the available evidence neither confirms nor denies a medically meaningful benefit. The authors suggested a large, well designed, externally audited, multicentre trial to compare normal oxygen with hyperbaric oxygen. While hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used for severe poisonings, the benefit over standard oxygen delivery is unclear. Other Further treatment for other complications such as seizure, hypotension, cardiac abnormalities, pulmonary edema, and acidosis may be required. Increased muscle activity and seizures should be treated with dantrolene or diazepam; diazepam should only be given with appropriate respiratory support. Hypotension requires treatment with intravenous fluids; vasopressors may be required to treat myocardial depression. Cardiac dysrhythmias are treated with standard advanced cardiac life support protocols. If severe, metabolic acidosis is treated with sodium bicarbonate. Treatment with sodium bicarbonate is controversial as acidosis may increase tissue oxygen availability. Treatment of acidosis may only need to consist of oxygen therapy. The delayed development of neuropsychiatric impairment is one of the most serious complications of<unk> . Brain damage is confirmed following MRI or CAT scans. Extensive follow up and supportive treatment is often required for delayed neurological damage. Outcomes are often difficult to predict following poisoning, especially people who have symptoms of cardiac arrest, coma, metabolic acidosis, or have high<unk> yhemoglobin levels. One study reported that approximately 30% of people with severe<unk>  will have a fatal outcome. It has been reported that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may increase the likelihood of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) after<unk><unk>  (CO) poisoning. A device that also provides some<unk>  dioxide to stimulate faster breathing (sold under the brand name ClearMate) may also be used.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Cyanide poisoning
Nitrogen dioxide poisoning
Upper respiratory tract infection
Chlorine gas poisoning
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
Salicylate poisoning
Theobromine poisoning