Circulatory disorders * Diabetic vasculopathy * Sepsis with peripheral necrosis * Peripheral artery disease which can lead to gangrene * A severe deep vein thrombosis (phlegmasia cerulea dolens) can cause compartment syndrome and gangrene Neoplasm Transfemoral<unk>  due to liposarcoma * Cancerous bone or soft tissue tumors (e.g. osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, sacrococcygeal teratoma, liposarcoma), melanoma Trauma Three fingers from a soldier's right hand were traumatically<unk> utated during World War I. * Severe limb injuries in which the limb cannot be saved or efforts to save the limb fail. * Traumatic<unk>  (an unexpected<unk>  that occurs at the scene of an accident, where the limb is partially or entirely severed as a direct result of the accident, for example, a finger that is severed from the blade of a table saw) *<unk>  in utero (Amniotic band) Congenital anomalies * Deformities of digits and/or limbs (e.g., proximal femoral focal deficiency, Fibular hemimelia) * Extra digits and/or limbs (e.g., polydactyly) Infection * Bone infection (osteomyelitis) and/or diabetic foot infections * Gangrene * Trench foot * Necrosis * Meningococcal meningitis * Streptococcus * Vibrio vulnificus * Necrotizing fasciitis * Gas gangrene * Legionella * Influenza A Virus * Animal bites * Sepsis * Bubonic plague Frostbite Frostbite, also known as frostnip, happens when the individual's skin is exposed to cold weather for too long. The fluid in the pale skin solidifies, creating ice crystals, leading to swelling and severe pain. Other symptoms can include numbness, confusion, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, stiffness in the muscles or joints as well as difficulty walking. If the frostbite doesn't get treated soon, this process results in hypothermia, death or poisoning of the bloodstream. This can affect the hands, feet, toes, fingers, eyes, and face. Once the frostbite shuts the eyelids, this is known as snow blindness. The only way to stop it from spreading is through skin grafts or<unk> . Athletic performance Sometimes professional athletes may choose to have a non-essential digit<unk> utated to relieve chronic pain and impaired performance. * Australian Rules footballer Daniel Chick elected to have his left ring finger<unk> utated as chronic pain and injury was limiting his performance. * Rugby union player Jone Tawake also had a finger removed. * National Football League safety Ronnie Lott had the tip of his little finger removed after it was damaged in the 1985 NFL season. Criminal penalty * According to Quran 5:38, the punishment for stealing is the<unk>  of the hand. Under Sharia law, after repeated offense, the foot may also be cut off. This is still in practice today in countries like Brunei, the United Arab Emirates, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and 11 states of Northern Nigeria. * The United States considers<unk>  to be more severe than other punishments but less than death penalty, expressed in the double jeopardy clause: "nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb...". Thomas Jefferson proposed a bill penalizing various crimes with<unk> , such as "if a man, by castration, if a woman, by cutting thro' the cartilage of her nose a hole of one half inch diameter at the least" and "cutting out or disabling the tongue, slitting or cutting off a nose, lip or ear, branding, or otherwise, shall be maimed or disfigured in like sort: or if that cannot be for want of the same part, then as nearly as may be in some other part of at least equal value and estimation in the opinion of a jury". That bill is not a current law, so it either did not gain enough approval to become law, or it has since been repealed. * As of 2021, this form of punishment is controversial, as most modern cultures consider it to be morally abhorrent, as it has the effect of permanently disabling a person and constitutes torture. It is thus seen as a grossly disproportional for crimes less than those such as murder.
Amputation
Vascular bypass
Debridement
Wound closure strip
Wound bed preparation
Guillotine amputation
Tendon transfer
Hernia repair