<unk>  is a surgical procedure in which both palatine tonsils are fully removed from the back of the throat. The procedure is mainly performed for recurrent tonsillitis, throat infections and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). For those with frequent throat infections, surgery results in 0.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 0.1) fewer sore throats in the following year, but there is no evidence of long<unk> rm benefits. In children with OSA it results in improved quality of life. While generally safe, complications may include bleeding, vomiting, dehydration, trouble eating, and trouble talking. Throat pain typically lasts about one to two weeks after surgery. Bleeding occurs in about 1% within the first day and another 2% after that. Death occurs as a result in between 1 out of 2,360 and 1 in 56,000 procedures.<unk>  does not appear to affect long<unk> rm immune function. Following the surgery ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) may be used to treat postoperative pain. The surgery is often done using metal instruments or electrocautery. The adenoid may also be removed in which case it is known as an "adenotonsillectomy". The partial removal of the tonsils is called a "tonsillotomy", which may be preferred in cases of OSA. The surgery has been described since at least as early as 50 AD by Celsus. In the United States, as of 2010,<unk>  is performed less frequently than in the 1970s although it remains the second most common outpatient surgical procedure in children. The typical cost when done as an inpatient in the United States is US$4,400 as of 2013. There is some controversy as of 2019 as to when the surgery should be used. There are variations in the rates of<unk>  between and within countries.
Tonsillectomy
Chondrolaryngoplasty
Stapedectomy
Endoscopic nasopharyngectomy
Rhinoplasty
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Laryngectomy
Ethmoidectomy