At present, over 400 workplace substances have been identified as having asthmagenic or allergenic properties. Agents such as flour, diisocyanates, latex, persulfate salts, aldehydes, animals, wood dusts, metals, enzymes usually account for the majority cases, however, the distribution of causal agents may vary widely across geographic areas, depending on the pattern of industrial activities. For example, in France the industries most affected are bakeries and cake-shops, automobile industry and hairdressers, whereas in Canada the principal cause is wood dust, followed by isocyanates. Furthermore, the most common cause of<unk>  in the workplace are isocyanates. Isocyanates are used in the production of motor vehicles and in the application of orthopaedic polyurethane and fibreglass casts. The occupations most at risk are: adhesive handlers (e.g. acrylate), animal handlers and veterinarians (animal proteins), bakers and millers (cereal grains), carpet makers (gums), electronics workers (soldering resin), forest workers, carpenters and cabinetmakers (wood dust), hairdressers (e.g. persulfate), health care workers (latex and chemicals such as glutaraldehyde), janitors and cleaning staff (e.g. chloramine-T), pharmaceutical workers (drugs, enzymes), seafood processors, shellac handlers (e.g. amines), solderers and refiners (metals), spray painters, insulation installers, plastics and foam industry workers (e.g. diisocyanates), textile workers (dyes) and users of plastics and epoxy resins (e.g. anhydrides) The following tables show occupations that are known to be at risk for<unk> , the main reference for these is the Canadian Centre for<unk>  Health and Safety. Grains, flours, plants and gums Occupation Agent Bakers, millers Wheat Chemists, coffee bean baggers and handlers, gardeners, millers, oil industry workers, farmers Castor beans Cigarette factory workers Tobacco dust Drug manufacturers, mold makers in sweet factories, printers Gum acacia Farmers, grain handlers Grain dust Gum manufacturers, sweet makers Gum tragacanth Strawberry growers Strawberry pollen Tea sifters and packers Tea dust Tobacco farmers Tobacco leaf Woollen industry workers Wool Animals, insects and fungi Occupation Agent Bird fanciers Avian proteins Cosmetic manufacturers Carmine Entomologists Moths, butterflies Feather pluckers Feathers Field contact workers Crickets Fish bait breeders Bee moths Flour mill workers, bakers, farm workers, grain handlers Grain storage mites, alternaria, aspergillus Laboratory workers Locusts, cockroaches, grain weevils, rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits Mushroom cultivators Mushroom spores Oyster farmers Sea pineapples (Hoya) Pea sorters Mexican bean weevils Pigeon breeders Pigeons Poultry workers Chickens Prawn processors Prawns Silkworm sericulturers Silkworms Zoological museum curators Beetles Chemicals/Materials Occupation Agent Aircraft fitters Triethyltetramine Aluminum cable solderers Aminoethylethanolamine Aluminum pot room workers Fluorine Autobody workers Acrylates (resins, glues, sealants, adhesives) Brewery workers Chloramine-T Chemical plant workers, pulp mill workers Chlorine Dye weighers Levafix brilliant yellow, drimarene brilliant yellow and blue, cibachrome brilliant scarlet Electronics workers Colophony Epoxy resin manufacturers Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Foundry mold makers Furan-based resin binder systems Fur dyers Para-phenylenediamine Hairdressers Persulphate salts Health care workers Glutaraldehyde, latex Laboratory workers, nurses, phenolic resin molders Formaldehyde Meat wrappers Polyvinyl chloride vapour Paint manufacturers, plastic molders, tool setters Phthalic anhydride Paint sprayers Dimethylethanolamine Photographic workers, shellac manufacturers Ethylenediamine Refrigeration industry workers CFCs Solderers Polyether alcohol, polypropylene glycol Isocyanates and metals Occupation Agent Boat builders, foam manufacturers, office workers, plastics factory workers, refrigerator manufacturers, TDI manufacturers/users, printers, laminators, tinners, toy makers TDI Boiler cleaners, gas turbine cleaners Vanadium Car sprayers Hexamethylene diisocyanate Cement workers Potassium dichromate Chrome platers, chrome polishers Sodium bichromate, chromic acid, potassium chromate Nickel platers Nickel sulphate Platinum chemists Chloroplatinic acid Platinum refiners Platinum salts Polyurethane foam manufacturers, printers, laminators Diphenylmethane diisocyanate Rubber workers Naphthalene diisocyanate Tungsten carbide grinders Cobalt Welders Stainless steel fumes Drugs and enzymes Occupation Agent Ampicillin manufacturers Phenylglycine acid chloride Detergent manufacturers Bacillus subtilis Enzyme manufacturers Fungal alpha-amylase Food technologists, laboratory workers Papain Pharmacists Gentian powder, flaviastase Pharmaceutical workers Methyldopa, salbutamol, dichloramine, piperazine dihydrochloride, spiramycin, penicillins, sulphathiazole, sulphonechloramides, chloramine-T, phosdrin, pancreatic extracts Poultry workers Amprolium hydrochloride Process workers, plastic polymer production workers Trypsin, bromelin Woods Occupation Agent Carpenters, timber millers, woodworkers Western red cedar, cedar of Lebanon, iroko, California redwood, ramin, African zebrawood Sawmill workers, pattern makers Mansonia,<unk> k, mahogany, abiruana Wood finishers Cocabolla Wood machinists Kejaat
Occupational asthma
Mineral dust airway disease
Occupational lung disease
Brittle asthma
Thunderstorm asthma
Organic dust toxic syndrome
Asthma
Reactive airway disease