Each<unk> m<unk> m connects the laminae two adjacent vertebrae. They begin with the junction of the axis and third cervical vertebra, continuing down to the junction of the fifth lumbar vertebra and the sacrum. They are best seen from the interior of the vertebral canal. when looked at from the outer surface they appear short, being overlapped by the lamina of the vertebral arch. Each<unk> consists of two lateral portions which commence one on either side of the roots of the articular processes, and extend backward to the point where the laminae meet to form the spinous process; the posterior margins of the two portions are in contact and to a certain extent united, slight intervals being left for the passage of small vessels. Each consists of yellow elastic tissue, the fibers of which, almost perpendicular in direction, are attached to the anterior surface of the lamina above, some distance from its inferior margin, and to the posterior surface and upper margin of the lamina below. In the neck region the<unk>  are thin, but broad and long; they are thicker in the thoracic region, and thickest in the lumbar region. They are thinnest between the atlas bone (C1) and the axis bone (C2), and may not be present in some people. They become longer inferiorly in the cervical spine, as the distance between adjacent laminae increases. H:<unk>
Ligamenta flava
Vesical tenesmus
Stratum spinosum
Planum temporale
Glia limitans
Livedo reticularis
Stratum granulosum
Dens invaginatus