Incidence of<unk> s increases with age; approximately 60% of individuals aged 50 or older have a<unk> . Of these, 9% are symptomatic, depending on the competence of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). 95% of these are "sliding"<unk> s, in which the LES protrudes above the diaphragm along with the stomach, and only 5% are the "rolling" type (paraesophageal), in which the LES remains stationary, but the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm.<unk> s are most common in North America and Western Europe and rare in rural African communities. Some have proposed that insufficient dietary fiber and the use of a high sitting position for defecation may increase the risk.
Hiatal hernia
Epigastric hernia
Meatal stenosis
Esophageal atresia
Pyloric stenosis
Esophageal achalasia
Atresia
Laryngocele