Some of the passed fragments of a 1-cm calcium oxalate stone that was smashed using lithotripsy The most common use of<unk>  <unk>  is for lithotripsy to treat kidney stones (urinary calculosis) and biliary calculi (stones in the gallbladder or in the liver) using an acoustic pulse. It is also reported to be used for salivary stones and pancreatic stones. In the UK, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) found that the evidence for<unk>  in the majority of indications is conflicting, as such<unk>  should only be used where there are special arrangements for clinical governance and audit. Two 2017 reviews had similar findings, with moderate level evidence at best.<unk>  is used as a second line measure to treat tennis elbow, shoulder rotator cuff pain, achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, and greater trochanteric pain syndrome.<unk>  is also used to promote bone healing and treat bone necrosis. It is an effective alternative to surgical treatment of non-healing fractures.<unk>  is used for wound healing and has shown positive results in short-term and long-term outcomes in diabetic patients suffering from foot ulcers. Randomised controlled trials into the use of<unk>  for healing venous leg ulcers are needed as there is a lack of evidence in this area.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy
Minimized extracorporeal circulation
Hyperthermia therapy
Infusion therapy
Percutaneous hepatic perfusion
Reperfusion therapy
Sonodynamic therapy
In-water recompression