<unk>  can be classified in many different ways. Regarding the distinct origin of their blood supply and the structures they cross before they pierce the deep fascia,<unk> s can either be direct<unk> s or indirect<unk> s. We will discuss this classification based on the<unk> s' anatomy below. Direct and indirect<unk> s Direct cutaneous Direct cutaneous<unk> s only perforate the deep fascia, they do not traverse any other structural tissue. It is questionable whether these<unk> s are true<unk> s, because it might be more logical to not include these<unk> s. The surgical approach needed for direct<unk> s is slightly different from the one needed for indirect<unk> s. When direct<unk> s are not included, surgeons can focus on the anatomy of the<unk>  and the source vessel. Indirect cutaneous Indirect cutaneous<unk> s traverse other structures before going through the deep fascia. These other structures are deeper tissues, and consist of mainly muscle, septum or epimysium. According to the clinical relevance, two types of indirect cutaneous<unk> s need to be distinguished. We will clarify these two types below. Muscle and musculocutaneous Musculocutaneous<unk> s supply the overlying skin by traversing through muscle before they pierce the deep fascia. A<unk>  which traverses muscle before piercing the deep fascia can do that either transmuscular or transepimysial. This latter subdivision is however not taken into account during the dissection of the<unk> . Only the size, position, and course of the<unk>  vessel are considered then. When a<unk> ’ blood supply depends on a muscle<unk> , this<unk> is called a muscle<unk>  Septal and septocutaneous Septocutaneous<unk> s supply the overlying skin by traversing through an intermuscular septum before they pierce the deep fascia. These<unk> s are cutaneous side branches of muscular vessels and<unk> s. When a<unk> s blood supply depends on a septal<unk> , this<unk> is called a septal<unk>  Nomenclature Due to confusion about the definition and nomenclature of<unk> , a consensus meeting was held in Gent, Belgium, on September 29, 2001. Regarding the nomenclature of these<unk> , the authors stated the following: "A<unk> should be named after the nutrient artery or vessels and not after the underlying muscle. If there is a potential to harvest multiple<unk>  from one vessel, the name of each<unk> should be based on its anatomical region or muscle." This so-called 'gent consensus' was needed because the lack of definitions and standard rules on terminology created confusion in communication between surgeons.
Perforator flaps
Joel-Cohen incision
Pfannenstiel incision
Maylard incision
Cherney incision
Gundersen flap
Catgut suture
Rotation flap