<unk>  <unk>  is an advanced surgical procedure using endoscopy to remove gastrointestinal tumors that have not entered the muscle layer.<unk>  may be done in the esophagus, stomach or colon. Application of endoscopic resection (ER) to gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms is limited to lesions with no risk of nodal metastasis. Either polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is beneficial for patients because of its low level of invasiveness. However, to ensure the curative potential of these treatment modalities, accurate histopathologic assessment of the resected specimens is essential because the depth of invasion and lymphovascular infiltration of the tumor is associated with considerable risk for lymph node metastasis. For accurate assessment of the appropriateness of the therapy, en bloc resection is more desirable than piecemeal resection. For a reliable en bloc resection of GI neoplasms, a new method of ER called<unk>  <unk>  has been developed. __TOC__
Endoscopic submucosal dissection
Endoscopic mucosal resection
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery
Adjustable gastric band
Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery
Per-oral endoscopic myotomy
Transoral incisionless fundoplication
Endoscopic stenting