<unk> , the European medicinal leech, is one of several species of leeches used as "medicinal leeches". Other species of<unk>  sometimes also used as medicinal leeches include H. orientalis, H. troctina, and H. verbana. The Asian medicinal leech includes<unk> naria manillensis, and the North American medicinal leech is Macrobdella decora.
Hirudo medicinalis
Arnica montana
Mitragyna speciosa
Cerbera odollam
Cynanchum viminale
Ephedra distachya
Hirudo orientalis
Methyprylon