Georges Gilles de la<unk>  (1857–1904), namesake of<unk><unk> <unk><unk>  is an inherited neurological disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence, characterized by the presence of multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic. The eponym was bestowed by Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) on behalf of his intern, Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la<unk>  (1859–1904), a French physician and neurologist, who published an account of nine patients with<unk> 's in 1885. The possibility that movement disorders, including<unk><unk> , might have an organic origin was raised when an encephalitis epidemic from 1918 to 1926 led to a subsequent epidemic of tic disorders. Research in 1972 advanced the argument that<unk> 's is a neurological, rather than psychological, disorder; since the 1990s, a more neutral view of<unk> 's has emerged, in which biological vulnerability and adverse environmental events are seen to interact. Findings since 1999 have advanced TS science in the areas of genetics, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and neuropathology. Questions remain regarding how best to classify<unk><unk> , and how closely<unk> 's is related to other movement disorders or psychiatric disorders. Good epidemiologic data is still lacking, and available treatments are not risk free and not always well tolerated.
History of Tourette syndrome
History of Asperger syndrome
History of psychotherapy
History of psychosurgery
History of bipolar disorder
History of Parkinson's disease
History of depression
History of Tay–Sachs disease