The most frequent reasons for abdominal pain are gastroenteritis (13%), irritable bowel syndrome (8%), urinary tract problems (5%), inflammation of the stomach (5%) and constipation (5%). In about 30% of cases, the cause is not determined. About 10% of cases have a more serious cause including gallbladder (gallstones or biliary dyskinesia) or pancreas problems (4%), diverticulitis (3%), appendicitis (2%) and cancer (1%). More common in those who are older, ischemic colitis, mesenteric ischemia, and abdominal aortic aneurysms are other serious causes. Acute abdominal pain Acute abdomen can be defined as severe, persistent abdominal pain of sudden onset that is likely to require surgical intervention to treat its cause. The pain may frequently be associated with nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, fever and signs of shock. One of the most common conditions associated with acute abdominal pain is acute appendicitis. Selected causes * Traumatic: blunt or perforating trauma to the stomach, bowel, spleen, liver, or kidney * Inflammatory: * Infections such as appendicitis,<unk> , pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, Peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, hepatitis, mesenteric adenitis, or a subdiaphragmatic abscess * Perforation of a peptic ulcer, a diverticulum, or the caecum * Complications of inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis * Mechanical: * Small bowel obstruction secondary to adhesions caused by previous surgeries, intussusception, hernias, benign or malignant neoplasms * Large bowel obstruction caused by colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, volvulus, fecal impaction or hernia * Vascular: occlusive intestinal ischemia, usually caused by thromboembolism of the superior mesenteric artery By system A more extensive list includes the following: * Gastrointestinal * GI tract * Inflammatory: gastroenteritis, appendicitis, gastritis, esophagitis, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis * Obstruction: hernia, intussusception, volvulus, post-surgical adhesions, tumors, severe constipation, hemorrhoids * Vascular: embolism, thrombosis, hemorrhage, sickle cell disease, abdominal angina, blood vessel compression (such as celiac artery compression syndrome), superior mesenteric artery syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome * Digestive: peptic ulcer, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, food allergies * Glands * Bile system * Inflammatory:<unk> , cholangitis * Obstruction: cholelithiasis, tumours * Liver * Inflammatory: hepatitis, liver abscess * Pancreatic * Inflammatory: pancreatitis * Renal and urological * Inflammation: pyelonephritis, bladder infection, indigestion * Obstruction: kidney stones, urolithiasis, urinary retention, tumours * Vascular: left renal vein entrapment * Gynaecological or obstetric * Inflammatory: pelvic inflammatory disease * Mechanical: ovarian torsion * Endocrinological: menstruation, Mittelschmerz * Tumors: endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cyst, ovarian cancer * Pregnancy: ruptured ectopic pregnancy, threatened abortion * Abdominal wall * muscle strain or trauma * muscular infection * neurogenic pain: herpes zoster, radiculitis in Lyme disease, abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES), tabes dorsalis * Referred pain * from the thorax: pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, pericarditis * from the spine: radiculitis * from the genitals: testicular torsion * Metabolic disturbance * uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, porphyria, C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, lead poisoning, black widow spider bite, narcotic withdrawal * Blood vessels * aortic dissection, abdominal aortic aneurysm * Immune system * sarcoidosis * vasculitis * familial Mediterranean fever * Idiopathic * irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)(affecting up to 20% of the population, IBS is the most common cause of recurrent and intermittent abdominal pain) If not these it may be simpler cases like motion sickness or diarrhea. The worst case food poisoning By location The location of abdominal pain can provide information about what may be causing the pain. The abdomen can be divided into four regions called quadrants. Locations and associated conditions include: * Diffuse * Peritonitis * Vascular: mesenteric ischemia, ischemic colitis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, sickle cell disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa * Small bowel obstruction * Irritable bowel syndrome * Metabolic disorders: ketoacidosis, porphyria, familial Mediterranean fever, adrenal crisis * Epigastric * Heart: myocardial infarction, pericarditis * Stomach: gastritis, stomach ulcer, stomach cancer * Pancreas: pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer * Intestinal: duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, appendicitis * Right upper quadrant * Liver: hepatomegaly, fatty liver, hepatitis, liver cancer, abscess * Gallbladder and biliary tract: inflammation, gallstones, worm infection, cholangitis * Colon: bowel obstruction, functional disorders, gas accumulation, spasm, inflammation, colon cancer * Other: pneumonia, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome * Left upper quadrant * Splenomegaly * Colon: bowel obstruction, functional disorders, gas accumulation, spasm, inflammation, colon cancer * Peri-umbilical (the area around the umbilicus, aka the belly button) * Appendicitis * Pancreatitis * Inferior myocardial infarction * Peptic ulcer * Diabetic ketoacidosis * Vascular: aortic dissection, aortic rupture * Bowel: mesenteric ischemia, Celiac disease, inflammation, intestinal spasm, functional disorders, small bowel obstruction * Lower abdominal pain * Diarrhea * Colitis * Crohn's * Dysentery * Hernia * Right lower quadrant * Colon: intussusception, bowel obstruction, appendicitis (McBurney's point) * Renal: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), pyelonephritis * Pelvic: cystitis, bladder stone, bladder cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic pain syndrome * Gynecologic: endometriosis, intrauterine pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst, ovarian torsion, fibroid (leiomyoma), abscess, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer * Left lower quadrant * Bowel: diverticulitis, sigmoid colon volvulus, bowel obstruction, gas accumulation, Toxic megacolon * Right low back pain * Liver: hepatomegaly * Kidney: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection * Left low back pain * Spleen * Kidney: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection * Low back pain * kidney pain (kidney stone, kidney cancer, hydronephrosis) * Ureteral stone pain
symptom of Cholecystitis
symptom of Pancreatitis
symptom of Gastroenteritis
symptom of Giardiasis
symptom of Gallbladder cancer
symptom of Abscess
symptoms of Pancreatitis
symptom of Hepatitis