Rigid Rigid<unk> . The rigid<unk>  is a hollow metal tube used for inspecting the lower airway. It can be for either diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. Modern use is almost exclusively for therapeutic indications. Rigid<unk>  is used for retrieving foreign objects. Rigid<unk>  is useful for recovering inhaled foreign bodies because it allows for protection of the airway and controlling the foreign body during recovery. Massive hemoptysis, defined as loss of over 600 mL of blood in 24 hours, is a medical emergency and should be addressed with initiation of intravenous fluids and examination with rigid<unk> . The larger lumen of the rigid<unk>  (versus the narrow lumen of the flexible<unk>  allows for therapeutic approaches such as electrocautery to help control the bleeding. Flexible (fiberoptic) A flexible<unk>  is longer and thinner than a rigid<unk> . It contains a fiberoptic system that transmits an image from the tip of the instrument to an eyepiece or video camera at the opposite end. Using Bowden cables connected to a lever at the hand piece, the tip of the instrument can be oriented, allowing the practitioner to navigate the instrument into individual lobar or segmental<unk> . Most flexible<unk> s also include a channel for suctioning or instrumentation, but these are significantly smaller than those in a rigid<unk> . Flexible<unk>  causes less discomfort for the patient than rigid<unk> , and the procedure can be performed easily and safely under moderate sedation. It is the technique of choice nowadays for most<unk> c procedures.
Bronchoscopy
Bronchography
Lung biopsy
Thoracoscopy
Bronchial brushing
Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy
Bronchial challenge test
Bronchoalveolar lavage