<unk>  <unk>  is a neurological disorder that is characterized by brief, recurring seizures that arise in the<unk> <unk> s of the brain, often while the patient is sleeping. It is the second most common type of<unk>  after temporal<unk><unk>  (TLE), and is related to the temporal form by the fact that both forms are characterized by the occurrence of partial (focal) seizures. Partial seizures occurring in the<unk> <unk> s can occur in one of two different forms: either simple partial seizures (that do not affect awareness or memory) or complex partial seizures (that affect awareness or memory either before, during or after a seizure). The symptoms and clinical manifestations of<unk>  can differ depending on which specific area of the<unk> <unk>  is affected. The onset of a seizure may be hard to detect since the<unk> <unk> s contain and regulate many structures and functions about which relatively little is known. Due to the lack of knowledge surrounding the functions associated with the<unk> <unk> s, seizures occurring in these regions of the brain may produce unusual symptoms which can often be misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder, non-epileptic seizure or a sleep disorder. During the onset of a seizure, the patient may exhibit abnormal body posturing, sensorimotor tics, or other abnormalities in motor skills. In some cases, uncontrollable laughing or crying may occur during a seizure. Afflicted persons may or may not be aware that they are behaving in an abnormal manner, depending on the patient and type of seizure. A brief period of confusion known as a postictal state may sometimes follow a seizure occurring in the<unk> <unk> s. However, these postictal states are often undetectable and generally do not last as long as the periods of confusion following seizures that occur in the temporal<unk> s. There are many different causes of<unk>  ranging from genetics to head trauma that result in lesions in the<unk> <unk> s. Although<unk>  is often misdiagnosed, tests such as prolonged EEG monitoring, video EEG and/or an MRI scan of the<unk> <unk> s can be administered in order to reveal the presence of a tumor or vascular malformation. Unlike most epileptic EEGs, the abnormalities in<unk>  EEGs precede the physical onset of the seizure and aid in localization of the seizure's origin. Medications such as anti-epileptic drugs can typically control the onset of seizures, however, if medications are ineffective the patient may undergo surgery to have focal areas of the<unk> <unk>  removed.
Frontal lobe epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Catamenial epilepsy
Rolandic epilepsy
Musicogenic epilepsy
Childhood absence epilepsy
Generalized epilepsy
Myoclonic epilepsy