In a large study reviewing all literature reports of PCA up to December 1, 2016, patients (including those with a poroma that later progressed to a PCA) presented with a single epidermal nodule or mass (71.2% of cases), ulcerated mass/nodule (18.3%), plaque (9.8%), swelling (1.3%), wart (0.6%), papule (0.6&) or nevus (i.e. mole, 0.6%). The patients were aged 6 months to 97 years old (average age 67.57 years). The lesions presented in the head & neck (39.9% of cases), legs (33.9%), arms (8.8%), back (5.1%), chest wall (4.6%), genitalia (4.0%), abdomen (2.6%), or around the anal area (0.6%) and had been present for as little as 4 days or as long as 60 years (average 5.6 years). Metastasis (most commonly involving the lymph nodes close to the primary lesion) were diagnosed at presentation in 31% of cases. Other studies report that: a) PCA tumors presented with average sizes of 2.53 cm (range of 0.3–7 cm) in largest diameter; b) PCA tumors at presentation were commonly red to violet in color, usually <2 cm in maximum diameter; and typically asymptomatic but may have been called to attention because of spontaneous bleeding, ulceration, sudden itching, pain, or rapid growth; c) in 37 cases, metastases were present in 16.2% of cases at presentation and occurred in two cases (5.4% of cases) 3 and 17 months after diagnosis; d) no metastatic disease was found at presentation or after a 3-year follow-up in 7 cases; e) PCA have metastasized to nearby or distal skin sites, local lymph nodes, or to the bones, bladder, breast, retroperitoneum, ovary, liver, lung, brain, or stomach; and f) PCA have been reported to occur in skin areas previously traumatized or exposed to radiation, excessive sunlight, or chronic lymphedema; in a sebaceous cyst; and in individuals with extramammary Paget's disease, sarcoidosis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, pernicious anemia, Hodgkin's disease, nevus sebaceous, HIV/AIDS, xeroderma pigmentosum, immunosuppression caused by a disease or chemotherapy, pernicious anemia, and xeroderma pigmentosa.
Porocarcinoma
Poroma
Choriocarcinoma
Embryonal carcinoma
Embryoma
Polyembryoma
Seminoma
Leiomyosarcoma