Managing incontinence Penile external catheters /urisheaths combined with urine bags are preferred over absorbent products – in particular when it comes to ‘limitations to daily activities’. Advantages also include discretion, less water retention at the skin surface, and the potential for 24 hour use. Complications can increase in severity and frequency over time. Up to 40% of condom catheter users will develop a urinary tract infection with long-term use. 15% of long term users may develop skin injuries, including inflammation, ulceration, necrosis, gangrene and constriction of the penis. Sizing can also prove difficult for some men, leading to dislodgement of the catheter and urine spillage during voiding (commonly referred to as pop-offs or blow-offs). 1.3% of condom catheter users will develop a bladder or renal stone requiring medical treatment. While the line of causation is not well established, urinary retention from inefficient elimination while catheterized may allow more mineral buildup and encourage crystal growth. Urinalysis Special UCDs exist for the<unk>  of urine samples for subsequent urinalysis. They range from a simple plastic cup to elaborate<unk> s designed to collect specific volumes or types of urine samples at various points in the micturition process. Aircraft pilots A common use of UCDs is in military fighter aircraft. Small aircraft such as fighter planes are not equipped with toilets, but pilots are sometimes required to fly them for several hours continuously. Since most people produce enough urine to fill their bladders after only a few hours under normal conditions, some method must be provided to allow a pilot to urinate without leaving their seat in the cockpit. A UCD makes this possible. UCDs are also used on spacecraft and occasionally in other vehicles, for the same reasons. A typical UCD consists of a small container with a dehydrated sponge inside, connected to a tube which in turn is connected to a funnel-like orifice that is adapted to the user's anatomy. The user simply holds the funnel near or on their urethral opening and urinates into the tube, with the collected urine saturating the sponge (which may be impregnated with disinfectants and odor-control substances) and filling the container. UCDs are designed to be used in cramped quarters without requiring that the user rise from his seated position in the cockpit. In most cases, the user wears special clothing that can easily be opened to permit use of the UCD (e.g., special zippers in flight suits). , technologies which did not require opening of the flight suit began to emerge, such as the "Advanced Mission Extender<unk> " (AMXD), which includes a pump for draining urine into a<unk>  bag.
Urine collection device
Urine test strip
Clinical urine tests
Urine cytology
Urinary tract ultrasound
Urine protein/creatinine ratio
Evaporimetry
Urinary cast