Anesthesia To induce general anesthesia,<unk>  is the drug used almost always, having largely replaced sodium thiopental. It can also be administered as part of an anesthesia maintenance technique called total intravenous anesthesia, using either manually<unk> grammed infusion pumps or computer-controlled infusion pumps in a<unk> cess called target controlled infusion (TCI).<unk>  is also used to sedate individuals who are receiving mechanical ventilation but not undergoing surgery, such as patients in the intensive care unit. In critically ill patients,<unk>  is superior to lorazepam both in effectiveness and overall cost.<unk>  is relatively inexpensive compared to medications of similar use due to shorter ICU stay length. One of the reasons<unk>  is thought to be more effective (although it has a longer half-life than lorazepam) is because studies have found that benzodiazepines like midazolam and lorazepam tend to accumulate in critically ill patients,<unk> longing sedation.<unk>  has also been suggested as a sleep aid in critically ill adults in the ICU; however, the effectiveness of this medicine at replicating the mental and physical aspects of sleep for people in the ICU are not clear.<unk>  is often used instead of sodium thiopental for starting anesthesia because recovery from<unk>  is more rapid and "clear".<unk>  can be run through a peripheral IV or central line.<unk>  is frequently paired with fentanyl (for pain relief) in intubated and sedated people. Both are compatible in IV form.<unk> cedural sedation<unk>  is safe and effective for gastrointestinal endoscopy<unk> cedures. Its use in these settings results in a faster recovery compared to midazolam. It can also be combined with opioids or benzodiazepines. Because of its rapid induction and recovery time,<unk>  is also widely used for sedation of infants and children undergoing MRI. It is also often used in combination with ketamine with minimal side effects. Assisted death in Canada A lethal dose of<unk>  is used for medical assistance in dying in Canada to quickly induce deep coma and death, but rocuronium is always given—even when patient dies as a result of<unk>  injection. Delivery order of IV medication is as follows: Step 1: Midazolam 10–20mg given as 2−4ml of 5mg/ml preparation for pre-anesthesia, induces sleep in 1−2 minutes. Step 2: Lidocaine 40mg given as 4ml of 1% preparation to reduce possible burning in peripheral vein caused by<unk> . Pause to allow effect. Step 3:<unk>  1000mg given as 100ml of 10mg/ml preparation. Loss of consciousness occurs within 10 seconds and coma occurs in 1-2 minutes. Death may result from the<unk>  but rocuronium is still given. Step 4: Rocuronium 200mg given as 20ml of 10mg/ml preparation to induce respiratory arrest. Cardiac arrest subsequently follows about 5 minutes later due to hypoxia. COVID-19 In March 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for<unk> ‐Lipuro 1% to maintain sedation via continuous infusion in people older than sixteen with suspected or confirmed COVID‑19 who require mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit ICU setting. In the circumstances of this public health emergency, it would not be feasible to require healthcare<unk> viders to seek to limit Fresenius<unk> poven 2% Emulsion or<unk> -Lipuro 1% only to be used for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‑19; therefore, this authorization does not limit use to such patients.
Propofol
Metharbital
Remifentanil
Etomidate
Ketamine
Ketazolam
Fentanyl
Alfentanil