A diagram illustrating the changes in a podocyte in minimal change disease. Rather than solely being caused by other diseases or processes,<unk>  can also present as a result of protein conditions or mutations that cause damage. As a result, it can have primary causes that are a direct result of mutation, or secondary causes such as other chronic conditions. Primary<unk>  * Minimal Change Disease: A disease that causes unregulated activity of the immune system that damages the glomerulus, causing<unk> . The disease is "minimal" because lesions of the glomerulus can only be seen through an electron microscope. * Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A disease in which scar tissue develops in the glomeruli. Primary forms include Idiopathic FSGS, which have no known cause, and Genetic FSGS caused by a recessive genetic mutation. Secondary<unk>  * Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE): An autoimmune disease in which the body makes antibodies that deposit harmful immunocomplexes within multiple organs, which can sometimes include the glomerulus within the kidney. * Sarcoidosis: A disease that results in the accumulation of granulomas, a clump of macrophages, that can attack different tissues of the body. Although this disease does not usually affect or spread to the kidneys, these granulomas can sometimes be deposited into glomeruli and cause damage leading to<unk> . * Diabetic Nephropathy: A condition that is secondary to Diabetes Mellitus that may cause damage in filtration pathways in kidneys. This can cause an increase of fluid pressure within the glomeruli, thus causing their hypertrophy, or breakdown. * Amyloidosis: This disease causes the buildup abnormal proteins called amyloid fibrils. Depositions of amyloid fibrils in the kidneys will eventually lead it to the primary filtration unit, the glomerulus, and cause blockages. Such a blockage will prevent the glomerulus from functioning properly and eventually causes damage. Other forms of secondary<unk>  can be caused by autoimmune disorders such as HIV, Sjögren's Syndrome, and Hepatitis B, and some cancers, including multiple myeloma.
Glomerulonephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Pyonephrosis
Ureteric stricture
Pyelonephritis
Ureteral cancer
Obstructive uropathy
Ectopic ureter