Excessive sodium and/or fluid intake: * IV therapy containing sodium * As a transfusion reaction to a rapid blood transfusion. * High intake of sodium Sodium and water retention: *Heart failure *Liver cirrhosis *Nephrotic syndrome *Corticosteroid therapy *Hyperaldosteronism *Low protein intake Fluid shift into the intravascular space: *Fluid remobilization after burn treatment *Administration of hypertonic fluids, e.g. mannitol or hypertonic saline solution *Administration of plasma proteins, such as albumin
Hypervolemia
Dehydration
Hypovolemia
Hyperosmolar syndrome
Isotonic hyponatremia
Hypotonic hyponatremia
Cholemia
Renal tubular acidosis