<unk>  <unk>  or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel, are groups of blood<unk>  that provide information about the state of a patient's<unk> . These<unk>  include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), albumin, bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others. The<unk>  transaminases aspartate transaminase (AST or SGOT) and alanine transaminase (ALT or SGPT) are useful biomarkers of<unk>  injury in a patient with some degree of intact<unk>  function. Most<unk>  diseases cause only mild symptoms initially, but these diseases must be detected early. Hepatic<unk>  involvement in some diseases can be of crucial importance. This<unk> ng is performed on a patient's blood sample. Some<unk>  are associated with functionality (e.g., albumin), some with cellular integrity (e.g., transaminase), and some with conditions linked to the biliary tract (gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase). Because some of these<unk>  do not measure function, it is more accurate to call these<unk>  chemistries or<unk><unk>  rather than<unk> . Several biochemical<unk>  are useful in the evaluation and management of patients with hepatic dysfunction. These<unk>  can be used to detect the presence of<unk>  disease, distinguish among different types of<unk>  disorders, gauge the extent of known<unk>  damage, and monitor the response to treatment. Some or all of these measurements are also carried out (usually about twice a year for routine cases) on those individuals taking certain medications, such as anticonvulsants, to ensure that the medications are not adversely impacting the person's<unk> .
Liver function tests
Thyroid function tests
Blood smear
Hepatogram
Lipid profile
Complete blood count
Clinical chemistry
Hematology analyzer