<unk>  is most often associated with occipital or temporal lobe lesions, as well as occipital lobe epilepsy. This condition is relatively uncommon, thus further research regarding its causes and mechanism has not been performed.<unk>  can be experienced as partial second or multiple images to either side (or in any eccentricity) of an object at fixation.<unk>  occurs when both eyes are open, or when one eye is open, during fixation on a stimulus. Known cases of<unk>  provide evidence that, in relation to the stimulus at fixation, multiple images can appear at a constant distance in any direction; gaps in portions of an object at fixation can exist; multiple images can be overlaid vertically, horizontally, or diagonally on top of the stimulus; and the multiple images can appear different sizes, alignments, and complexities. The complexity of the stimulus does not appear to affect the clarity of the multiple images. The physical distance of the stimulus from the patient (near or far) also does not seem to affect the presence of multiple images.7 However, if the stimulus is swung or moved, multiple images of that object can either be extinguished or transformed into different objects, depending on the severity of the condition. The onset of<unk>  is not immediate upon perception of visual stimuli; rather, it occurs within milliseconds to seconds of fixation upon a stimulus.<unk>  has been described by patients as images “suddenly multiplying.” These multiple images can drift, fade, and disappear, depending on the severity of the condition. These episodes of<unk>  can last from seconds to hours. In one specific case, a patient described difficulties reading due to letters “running together” and momentarily disappearing. Most cases of<unk>  are accompanied by another neurological condition.<unk>  is often accompanied by visual field defects (such as the presence of a scotoma) or transient visual hallucinations.<unk>  images often form in the direction and position of such visual field defects. Current research shows that when stimuli are close to the patient’s scotoma, the latency of<unk>  images is much shorter than if the stimuli was far from the scotoma, and there is a higher probability that<unk>  images will result.
Cerebral polyopia
Ocular dysmetria
Quadrantanopia
Physiological anisocoria
Nyctalopia
Presbyopia
Scintillating scotoma
Pseudomyopia