<unk>  <unk>  is a process of<unk>  where an egg is combined with sperm in<unk>  ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory. After the fertilised egg (zygote) undergoes embryo culture for 2–6 days, it is implanted in a uterus, with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy.<unk>  is a type of assisted reproductive technology used for infertility treatment and gestational surrogacy. A fertilised egg may be implanted into a surrogate's uterus, and the resulting child is genetically unrelated to the surrogate. Some countries have banned or otherwise regulate the availability of<unk>  treatment, giving rise to fertility tourism. Restrictions on the availability of<unk>  include costs and age, in order for a woman to carry a healthy pregnancy to term. In July 1978, Louise Brown was the first child successfully born after her mother received<unk>  treatment. Brown was born as a result of natural-cycle<unk> , where no stimulation was made. The procedure took place at Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital (now Dr Kershaw's Hospice) in Royton, Oldham, England. Robert G. Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2010. The physiologist co-developed the treatment together with Patrick Steptoe and embryologist Jean Purdy but the latter two were not eligible for consideration as they had died and the Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously. With egg donation and<unk> , individuals who are past their reproductive years, have infertile partners, have idiopathic female-fertility issues, or have reached menopause can still become pregnant. After the<unk>  treatment, some couples get pregnant without any fertility treatments. In 2018, it was estimated that eight million children had been born worldwide using<unk>  and other assisted reproduction techniques. A 2019 study that explores 10 adjuncts with<unk>  (screening hysteroscopy, DHEA, testosterone, GH, aspirin, heparin, antioxidants in males and females, seminal plasma, and PRP) suggests that until more evidence is done to show that these adjuncts are safe and effective, they should be avoided.
In vitro fertilisation
Egg donation
Embryo transfer
Fetal surgery
Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection
Assisted reproductive technology
Artificial insemination
Partner-assisted reproduction