Medical students Medical students, perhaps being vulnerable because of their relatively low status in health care settings, may experience verbal abuse, humiliation and harassment (nonsexual or sexual). Discrimination based on gender and race are less common. In one study, around 35% of medical students reported having been bullied. Around one in four of the 1,000 students questioned said they had been bullied by a medical doctor. Furthermore,<unk>  has been known to occur among medical students. Manifestations of<unk>  include: * being humiliated by teachers in front of patients or peers * been victimised for not having come from a "medical family" (often people who enter<unk>  have an older sibling pursuing the same degree or share ties with other individuals in the profession with whom familial relationship confers some degree of protection or special influence – especially within academic settings.) Such practices extend to admissions procedures, which are regularly influenced by factors far afield of candidates' intrinsic merits, such as being related to faculty members or well-known medical luminaries. * being put under pressure to carry out a procedure without supervision. * being ostracized by other medical students for asking questions (due to the medical content being confusing for some students) through social media networks (Facebook<unk> , phone, or in person. One study showed that the medical faculty was the faculty in which students were most commonly mistreated.<unk>  extends to postgraduate students. Junior (trainee) physicians In a UK study, 37% of junior doctors reported being bullied in the previous year and 84% had experienced at least one<unk>  incident. Black and Asian physicians were more likely to be bullied than other physicians. Women were more likely to be bullied than men. Trainee physicians who feel threatened in the clinical workplace develop less effectively and are less likely to ask for advice or help when they need it. Persistent destructive criticism, sarcastic comments and humiliation in front of colleagues will cause all but the most resilient of trainees to lose confidence in themselves. Consultants who feel burnt out and alienated may take their disaffection out on junior colleagues. The farewell interview from Sir Ian Kennedy (Chair of the Healthcare Commission) caused significant media interest following his statement that<unk>  is a 'corrosive' problem that the NHS must address. Psychiatry Psychiatric trainees experience rates of<unk>  at least as high as other medical students. In a survey of psychiatric trainees in the West Midlands, 47% had experienced<unk>  within the last year with even higher percentages amongst ethnic minorities and females. Qualified psychiatrists are not themselves required to be psychiatrically assessed. Nursing Nurses experience<unk>  quite frequently. It is thought that relational aggression (psychological aspects of<unk>  such as gossiping and intimidation) are commonplace. Relational aggression has been studied among girls but not so much among adult women. Speaking of many doctors' predilection for<unk>  nurses, Theresa Brown writes:...the most damaging<unk>  is not flagrant and does not fit the stereotype of a surgeon having a tantrum in the operating room. It is passive, like not answering pages or phone calls, and tends toward the subtle: condescension rather than outright abuse, and aggressive or sarcastic remarks rather than straightforward insults.
Bullying in medicine
Performing arts medicine
Visiting the sick
Tolerated illness
Prescription drug addiction
Doping in sport
Responsible drug use
Self-harm