A common tinnitus classification is into "subjective and objective tinnitus". Tinnitus is usually subjective, meaning that the sounds the person hears are not detectable by means currently available to physicians and hearing technicians. Subjective tinnitus has also been called "tinnitus aurium", "non-auditory" or "non-vibratory" tinnitus. In rare cases, tinnitus can be heard by someone else using a stethoscope. Even more rarely, in some cases it can be measured as a spontaneous otoacoustic emission (SOAE) in the ear canal. This is classified as objective tinnitus, also called "pseudo-tinnitus" or "vibratory" tinnitus. Subjective tinnitus Subjective tinnitus is the most frequent type of tinnitus. It may have many possible causes, but most commonly it results from hearing loss. When the tinnitus is caused by disorders of the inner ear or auditory nerve it can be called otic (from the Greek word for ear). These otological or neurological conditions include those triggered by infections, drugs, or trauma. A frequent cause is traumatic noise exposure that damages hair cells in the inner ear. When there does not seem to be a connection with a disorder of the inner ear or auditory nerve, the tinnitus can be called non-otic. (i.e. not otic). In some 30% of tinnitus cases, the tinnitus is influenced by the somatosensory system, for instance, people can increase or decrease their tinnitus by moving their face, head, or neck. This type is called somatic or craniocervical tinnitus, since it is only head or neck movements that have an effect. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that some tinnitus is a consequence of neuroplastic alterations in the central auditory pathway. These alterations are assumed to result from a disturbed sensory input, caused by hearing loss. Hearing loss could indeed cause a homeostatic response of neurons in the central auditory system, and therefore cause tinnitus. Hearing loss The most common cause of tinnitus is hearing loss. Hearing loss may have many different causes, but among those with tinnitus, the major cause is cochlear injury. Ototoxic drugs also may cause subjective tinnitus, as they may cause hearing loss, or increase the damage done by exposure to loud noise. Those damages may occur even at doses that are not considered ototoxic. More than 260 medications have been reported to cause tinnitus as a side effect. In many cases, however, no underlying cause could be identified. Tinnitus can also occur due to the discontinuation of therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines. It can sometimes be a protracted<unk>  of benzodiazepine withdrawal and may persist for many months. Medications such as bupropion may also result in tinnitus. In many cases, however, no underlying cause can be identified. Associated factors Factors associated with tinnitus include: * ear problems and hearing loss: * conductive hearing loss * acoustic shock * loud noise or music * middle ear effusion * otitis * otosclerosis * Eustachian tube dysfunction * sensorineural hearing loss * excessive or loud noise; e.g. acoustic trauma * presbycusis (age-associated hearing loss) * Ménière's disease * endolymphatic hydrops * superior canal dehiscence * acoustic neuroma * mercury or lead poisoning * ototoxic medications * neurologic disorders: * Arnold–Chiari malformation * multiple sclerosis * head injury * giant cell arteritis * temporomandibular joint dysfunction * metabolic disorders: * vitamin B12 deficiency * iron deficiency anemia * psychiatric disorders * depression * anxiety disorders * other factors: * vasculitis * Some psychedelic drugs can produce temporary tinnitus-like<unk> s as a side effect * 5-MeO-DET * diisopropyltryptamine (DiPT) * benzodiazepine withdrawal *<unk>  hyper or hypotension caused by, for example, encephalitis or a cerebrospinal fluid leak Objective tinnitus Objective tinnitus can be detected by other people and is sometimes caused by an involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles (myoclonus) or by a vascular condition. In some cases, tinnitus is generated by muscle spasms around the middle ear. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs), which are faint high-frequency tones that are produced in the inner ear and can be measured in the ear canal with a sensitive microphone, may also cause tinnitus. About 8% of those with SOAEs and tinnitus have SOAE-linked tinnitus, while the percentage of all cases of tinnitus caused by SOAEs is estimated at about 4%. Pulsatile tinnitus Some people experience a sound that beats in time with their pulse, known as pulsatile tinnitus or vascular tinnitus. Pulsatile tinnitus is usually objective in nature, resulting from altered blood flow, increased blood turbulence near the ear, such as from atherosclerosis or venous hum, but it can also arise as a subjective phenomenon from an increased awareness of blood flow in the ear. Rarely, pulsatile tinnitus may be a<unk>  of potentially life-threatening conditions such as carotid artery aneurysm or carotid artery dissection. Pulsatile tinnitus may also indicate vasculitis, or more specifically, giant cell arteritis. Pulsatile tinnitus may also be an indication of<unk><unk><unk> . Pulsatile tinnitus can be a<unk>  of<unk>  vascular abnormalities and should be evaluated for irregular noises of blood flow (bruits).
symptom of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
symptom of Meningioma
symptoms of Subarachnoid hemorrhage
symptom of Intracerebral hemorrhage
symptom of Subarachnoid hemorrhage
symptom of Intracranial aneurysm
symptom of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
symptoms of Vertebral artery dissection