All newborns should have screening eye examinations, including an evaluation of the red reflexes. * The red reflex test is best performed in a darkened room and involves shining a bright direct ophthalmoscope into both eyes simultaneously from a distance of 1– 2 ft. This test can be used for routine ocular screening by nurses, pediatricians, family practitioners, and optometrists. * Retinoscopy through the child's undilated pupil is helpful for assessing the potential visual significance of an axial lens opacity in a pre-verbal child. Any central opacity or surrounding cortical distortion greater than 3 mm can be assumed to be visually significant. * Laboratory Tests : In contrast to unilateral cataracts, bilateral<unk> s may be associated with many systemic and metabolic diseases. A basic laboratory evaluation for bilateral cataracts of unknown cause in apparently healthy children includes: : - Urine test for reducing substance, galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase, galactokinase, amino acids : - Infectious diseases: TORCH and varicella titers, VDRL : - Serum calcium, phosphorus, glucose and ferritin
Congenital cataract
Childhood cataract
Corneal dystrophy
Macular corneal dystrophy
Motion-induced blindness
Cystic eyeball
Granular corneal dystrophy
Fundic gland polyposis