A<unk>  (UDDT) is a type of<unk>  toilet with<unk>  diversion that can be used to provide safe, affordable sanitation in a variety of contexts worldwide. The separate collection of feces and<unk>  without any flush water has many advantages, such as odor-free operation and pathogen reduction by<unk> ing. While dried feces and<unk>  harvested from UDDTs can be and routinely are used in agriculture (respectively, as a soil amendment and nutrient-rich fertilizer—this practice being known as reuse of excreta in agriculture), many UDDTs installations do not apply any sort of recovery scheme. The UDDT is an example of a technology that can be used to achieve a sustainable sanitation system. This<unk>  excreta management system (or "dry sanitation" system) is an alternative to pit latrines and flush toilets, especially where water is scarce, a connection to a sewer system and centralized wastewater treatment plant is not feasible or desired, fertilizer and soil conditioner are needed for agriculture, or groundwater pollution should be minimized. There are several types of UDDTs: the single vault type which has only one feces vault; the double vault type which has two feces vaults that are used alternately; and the mobile or portable UDDTs, which are a variation of the single vault type and are commercially manufactured or homemade from simple materials. A UDDT can be configured as a sitting toilet (with a<unk>  diversion pedestal or bench) or as a squatting toilet (with a<unk>  diversion squatting pan). The most important design elements of the UDDT are: source separation of<unk>  and feces; waterless operation; and ventilated vaults (also called "chambers") or removable containers for feces storage and treatment. If anal cleansing takes place with water (i.e., the users are "washers" rather than "wipers"), then this anal cleansing water must be drained separately and not be allowed to enter the feces vault. Some type of<unk>  cover material is usually added to the feces vault directly after each defecation event. The<unk>  cover material may be ash, sawdust, soil, sand, dried leaves, mineral lime, compost, or dried and decomposed feces collected in a UDDT after prudent storage and treatment. The cover material serves to improve aesthetics, control flies, reduce odor and speed up the<unk> ing process.
Urine-diverting dry toilet
Composting toilet
Urinary catheterization
Transanal irrigation
Dry toilet
Management of dehydration
Oral rehydration therapy
Bladder training