* Specific conditions need direct treatment * Hemodynamic status and life-threatening disease require immediate attention *:* Volume replacement with a possible blood transfusion, and with normal saline * For obstruction and persistent vomiting, place nasogastric (NG) tube Pharmacotherapy * If perforated viscus or intra-abdominal infection suspected, administer broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics
Abdominal guarding
Abdominal distension
Gallop rhythm
Blood in stool
Gallbladder flush
Abdominal pain
Rectal pain
Abdominal thrusts