This cell based articular cartilage repair procedure takes place in three stages. In a first stage, between 200 and 300 milligrams cartilage is sampled arthroscopically from a less weight bearing area from either the intercondylar notch or the superior ridge of the medial or lateral femoral condyle of the patient. The matrix is removed enzymatically and the<unk> s isolated. These cells are grown in vitro in a specialised laboratory for approximately four to six weeks, until there are enough cells to reimplant on the damaged area of the articular cartilage. The patient then undergoes a second treatment, in which the<unk> s are applied on the damaged area during an open-knee surgery (also called arthrotomy). These<unk>  cells should adapt themselves to their new environment by forming new cartilage. During the<unk> ,<unk> s are applied on the damaged area in combination with a membrane (tibial periosteum or biomembrane) or pre-seeded in a scaffold matrix.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation
Hip resurfacing
Articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting
Arthrodesis
High tibial osteotomy
Triple arthrodesis
Finger joint replacement
Arthroplasty