Benzodiazepines are effective for the management of symptoms as well as the prevention of seizures. Certain vitamins are also an important part of the management of<unk> . In those with severe symptoms inpatient care is often required. In those with lesser symptoms treatment at home may be possible with daily visits with a health care provider. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are the most commonly used medication for the treatment of<unk>  withdrawal and are generally safe and effective in suppressing symptoms of<unk>  withdrawal. This class of medication is generally effective in symptoms control, but need to be used carefully. Although benzodiazepines have a long history of successfully treating and preventing withdrawal, there is no consensus on the ideal one to use. The most commonly used agents are long-acting benzodiazepines, such as chlordiazepoxide and diazepam. These are believed to be superior to other benzodiazepines for treatment of delirium and allow for longer periods between doses. However, benzodiazepines with intermediate half-lives like lorazepam may be safer in people with liver problems. Benzodiazepines showed a protective benefit against<unk>  withdrawal symptoms, in particular seizure, compared to other common methods of treatment. The primary debate between use of long-acting benzodiazepines and short-acting is that of ease of use. Longer-acting drugs, such as diazepam, can be administered less frequently. However, evidence does exist that "symptom-triggered regimens" such as those used when treating with lorazepam, are as safe and effective, but have decreased treatment duration and medication quantity used. Although benzodiazepines are very effective at treating<unk>  withdrawal, they should be carefully used. Benzodiazepines should only be used for brief periods in people with an<unk>  use disorder who are not already dependent on them, as they share cross tolerance with<unk> . There is a risk of replacing an<unk>  addiction with benzodiazepine dependence or adding another addiction. Furthermore, disrupted GABA benzodiazepine receptor function is part of<unk>  dependence and chronic benzodiazepines may prevent full recovery from<unk>  induced mental effects. The combination of benzodiazepines and<unk>  can amplify the adverse psychological effects of each other causing enhanced depressive effects on mood and increase suicidal actions and are generally contraindicated except for<unk>  withdrawal. Vitamins Individuals who have an<unk>  use disorder are often deficient in various nutrients, which can cause severe complications during<unk>  withdrawal, such as the development of Wernicke syndrome. To help to prevent Wernicke syndrome, these individuals should be administered a multivitamin preparation with sufficient quantities of thiamine and folic acid. During<unk>  withdrawal, the prophylactic administration of thiamine, folic acid, and pyridoxine intravenously is recommended before starting any carbohydrate-containing fluids or food. These vitamins are often combined into a banana bag for intravenous administration. Anticonvulsants Very limited evidence indicates that topiramate or pregabalin may be useful in the treatment of<unk> . Limited evidence supports the use of gabapentin or carbamazepine for the treatment of mild or moderate<unk>  withdrawal as the sole treatment or as combination therapy with other medications; however, gabapentin does not appear to be effective for treatment of severe<unk>  withdrawal and is therefore not recommended for use in this setting. A 2010 Cochrane review similarly reported that the evidence to support the role of anticonvulsants over benzodiazepines in the treatment of<unk>  withdrawal is not supported. Paraldehyde combined with chloral hydrate showed superiority over chlordiazepoxide with regard to life-threatening side effects and carbamazepine may have advantages for certain symptoms. Long term anticonvulsant medications are not usually recommended in those who have had prior seizures due to withdrawal. Prevention of further drinking There are three medications used to help prevent a return to drinking: naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram. They are used after withdrawal has occurred. Other Clonidine may be used in combination with benzodiazepines to help some of the symptoms. No conclusions can be drawn concerning the efficacy or safety of baclofen for<unk>  due to the insufficiency and low quality of the evidence. Antipsychotics, such as haloperidol, are sometimes used in addition to benzodiazepines to control agitation or psychosis. Antipsychotics may potentially worsen<unk>  withdrawal as they lower the seizure threshold. Clozapine, olanzapine, or low-potency phenothiazines (such as chlorpromazine) are particularly risky; if used, extreme caution is required. While intravenous ethanol could theoretically be used, evidence to support this use, at least in those who are very sick, is insufficient.
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Epilepsy
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Drug withdrawal
Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome
Nicotine withdrawal
Opioid withdrawal
Cocaine intoxication