<unk>  <unk> , sometimes called<unk> <unk><unk> " (as "villous" is the adjectival form of the word<unk> "), is a form of prenatal diagnosis done to determine chromosomal or genetic disorders in the fetus. It entails<unk>  of the<unk><unk>  (placental tissue) and testing it for chromosomal abnormalities, usually with FISH or PCR.<unk>  usually takes place at 10–12 weeks' gestation, earlier than amniocentesis or percutaneous umbilical cord blood<unk> . It is the preferred technique before 15 weeks.<unk>  was performed for the first time in Milan by Italian biologist Giuseppe Simoni, scientific director of Biocell Center, in 1983. Use as early as eight weeks in special circumstances has been described. It can be performed in a transcervical or transabdominal manner. Although this procedure is mostly associated with testing for Down syndrome, overall,<unk>  can detect more than 200 disorders.
Chorionic villus sampling
Non invasive prenatal testing
Amniocentesis
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Time-lapse embryo imaging
Fetal scalp blood testing
Karyotype
Magnetogenetics