Antibodies against A and B blood groups (isohemagglutinins) present in the recipient's blood destroy the donor red blood cells. They also activate the coagulation cascade (blood clotting system) via factor XII, which can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation and kidney damage. Isohemagglutinins also activate the complement cascade via C3a and C5a, which then promote inflammatory cytokine release from white blood cells. These inflammatory cytokines include IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, which cause symptoms of low blood pressure, fever, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, and wheezing.
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
Post-transfusion purpura
Transfusion-dependent anemia
Transfusion associated circulatory overload
Hypotensive transfusion reaction
Allergic transfusion reaction
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome