In women, high blood levels of prolactin are typically associated with hypoestrogenism, anovulatory infertility, and changes in menstruation. Menstruation disturbances experienced in women commonly manifests as amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. In the latter case, irregular menstrual flow may result in abnormally heavy and prolonged bleeding (menorrhagia). Women who are not pregnant or nursing may also unexpectedly begin producing breast milk (galactorrhea), a condition that is not always associated with high prolactin levels. For instance, many premenopausal women experiencing<unk>  do not experience galactorrhea and only some women who experience galactorrhea will be diagnosed with<unk> . Thus, galactorrhea may be observed in individuals with normal prolactin levels and does not necessarily indicate<unk> . This phenomenon is likely due to galactorrhea requiring adequate levels of progesterone or estrogen to prepare the breast tissue. Additionally, some women may also experience loss of libido and breast pain, particularly when prolactin levels rise initially, as the hormone promotes tissue changes in the breast. In men, the most common symptoms of<unk>  are decreased libido, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction/impotence, infertility, and gynecomastia. Unlike women, men do not experience reliable indicators of elevated prolactin such as menstruation to prompt immediate medical consultation. As a result, the early signs of<unk>  are generally more difficult to detect and may go unnoticed until more severe symptoms are present. For instance, symptoms such as loss of libido and sexual dysfunction are subtle, arise gradually, and may falsely indicate a differential cause. Many men with pituitary tumor-associated<unk>  may forego clinical help until they begin to experience serious endocrine and vision complications, such as major headaches or eye problems. Long-term<unk>  can lead to detrimental changes in bone metabolism as a result of hypoestrogenism and hypoandrogenism. Studies have shown that chronically elevated prolactin levels lead to increased bone resorption and suppression of bone formation, leading to reduced bone density, increased risk of fractures, and increased risk of osteoporosis. The chronic presence of<unk>  can lead to hypogonadism and osteolysis in men.
Hyperprolactinaemia
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hyperproinsulinemia
Hyperinsulinemia
Oxyhyperglycemia
Hyperprolinemia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperinsulinism