<unk>  is diagnosed by its clinical appearance and history. No further test or examination confirms idiopathic<unk> , however, further investigations may be undertaken where an underlying cause is suspected such as skin biopsies, or blood tests for antibodies associated with antiphospholipid syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus.
Livedo reticularis
Vernix caseosa
Livedo racemosa
Cortical desmoid
Ligamenta flava
Chondrocranium
Glia limitans
Stratum spinosum