A Med-E-Jet vaccination gun from 1980 A<unk> , also known as a<unk>  gun injector, air gun, or pneumatic injector, is a medical instrument that uses a high-pressure<unk>  of liquid medication to penetrate the skin and deliver medication under the skin without a needle.<unk> s can be single-dose or multi-dose<unk> s. Throughout the years<unk> s have been redesigned to overcome the risk of carrying contamination to subsequent subjects. To try to stop the risk, researchers placed a single-use protective cap over the reusable nozzle. The protective cap was intended to act as a shield between the reusable nozzle and the patient's skin. After each injection the cap would be discarded and replaced with a sterile one. These devices were known as protector cap needle-free injectors or PCNFI. A safety test by Kelly and colleagues (2008) found a PCNFI device failed to prevent contamination. After administering injections to hepatitis B patients, researchers found hepatitis B had penetrated the protective cap and contaminated the internal components of the<unk> , showing that the internal fluid pathway and patient contacting parts cannot safely be reused. Researchers developed a new<unk>  injection design by combining the drug reservoir, plunger and nozzle into a single-use disposable cartridge. The cartridge is placed onto the tip of the<unk>  and when activated a rod pushes the plunger forward. This device is known as a disposable-cartridge<unk> s (DCJI). The International Standards Organization recommended abandoning the use of the name<unk> ”, which is associated with a risk of cross-contamination and rather refer to newer devices as "needle-free injectors". Modern needle-free injector brands Diabetics have been using<unk> s in the United States for at least 20 years. These devices have all been spring-loaded. At their peak,<unk> s accounted for only 7% of the injector market. Currently, the only model available in the United States is the Injex 23. In the United Kingdom, the Insujet has recently entered the market. As of June 2015, the Insujet is available in the UK and a few select countries. Researchers from the University of Twente in the Netherlands patented a<unk>  Injection System, comprising a microfluidic device for<unk>  ejection and a laser-based heating system. A continuous laser beam – also called a continuous-wave laser – heats the liquid to be administered, which is then launched in a droplet form across the epidermis and then slows down into the tissue below.
Jet injector
Hug machine
Injector pen
Needle holder
Pacifier
Anaesthetic machine
Safety syringe
Pill mill