<unk>  is the study of using biofilms to disrupt a microbe's cell membrane, deliver an electric charge to the microbe, and cause immediate cellular death via a "mechanical kill" process, preventing the original microbe from mutating into a superbug.Antimicrobial resistance. The biofilms are made up of long atomic chains that can breach the cell wall. These spikes are roughly the size of a human hair and are far too small to injure large cells in mammals. These atom chains have a significant positive charge that attracts bacteria that are negatively charged. A new class of<unk>  has been created by applying<unk>  to the challenge of superbugs and multiple drug resistance organisms.
Antimicrobial nanotechnology
Thin-film drug delivery
Host-directed therapeutics
Therapeutic vaccines
Designer drug
Animal vaccination
Bed bug control techniques
Autogenous vaccines