DSM-5 In the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5,<unk>  is defined as a "pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts." At least five of the following symptoms must be present: * ideas of reference * strange beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g., superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense”, bizarre fantasies or preoccupations) * abnormal perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions * strange thinking and speech (e.g., vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped) * suspiciousness or paranoid ideation * inappropriate or constricted affect * strange behavior or appearance * lack of close friends * excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self These symptoms must not occur only during the course of a disorder with similar symptoms (such as schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorder). ICD-10 The World Health Organization's ICD-10 uses the name<unk>  disorder (). It is classified as a clinical disorder associated with schizophrenia, rather than a personality disorder as in DSM-5. The ICD definition is: Diagnostic guidelines This diagnostic rubric is not recommended for general use because it is not clearly demarcated either from simple schizophrenia or from schizoid or paranoid personality disorders, or possibly autism spectrum disorders as currently diagnosed. If the term is used, three or four of the typical features listed above should have been present, continuously or episodically, for at least two years. The individual must never have met criteria for schizophrenia itself. A history of schizophrenia in a first-degree relative gives additional weight to the diagnosis but is not a prerequisite. Subtypes Theodore Millon proposes two subtypes of<unk>  personality. Any individual with<unk>  may exhibit either one of the following somewhat different subtypes (Note that Millon believes it is rare for a personality with one pure variant, but rather a mixture of one major variant with one or more secondary variants): Subtype Description Personality traits Insipid<unk>  A structural exaggeration of the passive-detached pattern. It includes schizoid, depressive and dependent features. Sense of strangeness and nonbeing; overtly drab, sluggish, inexpressive; internally bland, barren, indifferent, and insensitive; obscured, vague, and tangential thoughts. Timorous<unk>  A structural exaggeration of the active-detached pattern. It includes avoidant and negativistic features. Warily apprehensive, watchful, suspicious, guarded, shrinking, deadens excess sensitivity; alienated from self and others; intentionally blocks, reverses, or disqualifies own thoughts.
Schizotypal personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Organic personality disorder
Self-defeating personality disorder
Haltlose personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Sadistic personality disorder
Cluster B personality disorders