In the United States, PPSV is recommended for adults 65 years of age or older, adults with serious long-term health problems, smokers, and children older than two years with serious long-term health problems, affording protection for five years or more. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations are similar. The WHO does not recommend use of PPSV in routine childhood immunization programs. The recommendations in the UK are similar, but include people with occupational hazards. Pneumococcal vaccine may be beneficial to control exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PPSV is important for those with HIV/AIDS. In Canadian patients infected with HIV, the vaccine has been reported to decrease the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease from 768 per 100,000 person–years to 244 per 100,000 patient–years. Because of the low level of evidence for benefit, 2008 WHO guidelines do not recommend routine immunization with<unk> -23 for HIV patients, and suggests preventing pneumococcal disease indirectly with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole chemoprophylaxis and antiretrovirals. While the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends immunization in all patients infected with HIV.
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
Meningococcal vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccine
Diphtheria vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Measles vaccine
Pertussis vaccine
Adenovirus vaccine