Individually, naltrexone and<unk>  each target pathways in the central nervous system that influence appetite and energy use.<unk>  is a reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent of both norepinephrine and dopamine, and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, and it activates proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamus which give an effect downstream, resulting in loss of appetite and increased energy output. The POMC is regulated by endogenous opioids via opioid-mediated negative feedback. *Naltrexone is a pure opioid antagonist, which further augments<unk> 's activation of the POMC. Combined,<unk>  has an effect on the reward pathway that results in reduced food craving. In 2009, Monash University physiologist Michael Cowley was awarded one of Australia's top research honors, the Commonwealth Science Minister's Prize for Life Scientist of the Year, in recognition of his elucidation of these pathways, which led to the development of the combination medication.
Naltrexone/bupropion
Amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide
Olanzapine/fluoxetine
Aripiprazole/sertraline
Buprenorphine/naltrexone
Low-dose naltrexone
Brief psychotherapy
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy