A review published in 2011 stated<unk>  was safe. During the first decade of the treatments use, deaths were reported with the treatment as the cause of death, dating back to 1999. By 2002, 23 deaths in five years had been reported in the European literature. Tierney et al (2011) said, "The most frequent complications were bacterial infections such as necrotizing fasciitis, gas gangrene, and different forms of sepsis. Further causes of lethal outcome were hemorrhages, perforation of abdominal viscera, and pulmonary embolism." In many U.S. states, physicians are not required to have training to perform this cosmetic surgery procedure.
Tumescent liposuction
Liposuction
Climatotherapy
East Asian blepharoplasty
Genitoplasty
Laser coagulation
Cryotherapy
Hydradermabrasion