<unk> c reactions are caused by localized hypersensitivity reactions to an allergen.<unk>  appears to show a strong hereditary component. One study concludes that the risk of developing<unk> c dermatitis (3%) or<unk>  in general (7%) "increases by a factor of two with each first-degree family member already suffering from<unk> ". As well, maternal stress and perinatal programming is increasingly understood as a root cause of<unk> , finding that "...trauma may be a particularly robust potentiator of the cascade of biological events that increase vulnerability to<unk>  and may help explain the increased risk found in low-income urban populations.” Environmental factors are also thought to play a role in the development of<unk> , and the 'hygiene hypothesis' is one of the models that may explain the steep rise in the incidence of<unk> c diseases, though this hypothesis is incomplete and in some cases, contradictory to findings. This hypothesis proposes that excess 'cleanliness' in an infant's or child's environment can lead to a decline in the number of infectious stimuli that are necessary for the proper development of the immune system. The decrease in exposure to infectious stimuli may result in an imbalance between the infectious-response ("protective") elements and the allergic-response ("false alarm") elements within the immune system. Some studies also suggest that the maternal diet during pregnancy may be a causal factor in<unk> c diseases (including asthma) in offspring, suggesting that consumption of antioxidants, certain lipids, and/or a Mediterranean diet may help to prevent<unk> c diseases. A Swedish research study titled<unk>  In Children Of Families With An Anthroposophic Lifestyle” comparing the rate of bronchial asthma, allergies, dermatitis, and other<unk> c diseases among Steiner school pupils and pupils in public schools originally appeared in the May 1, 1999, edition of the British medical journal The Lancet. The findings indicated that Steiner school pupils were “at a significantly lower risk of<unk> ” than children attending public schools. The researchers investigated a variety of factors in the lives of the Steiner school pupils that might have contributed to this lower rate of<unk> , which included breastfeeding, reduced immunization, avoidance of antibiotics and medications that reduce fevers, consumption of bio-dynamic and organic foods, and other physical aspects of the children’s lives. The multicenter PARSIFAL study in 2006, involving 6630 children age 5 to 13 in 5 European countries, suggested that reduced use of antibiotics and antipyretics is associated with a reduced risk of allergic disease in children. Genetics There is a strong genetic predisposition toward<unk> c allergies, especially on the maternal side. Because of the strong familial evidence, investigators have tried to map susceptibility genes for<unk> . Genes for<unk>  (C11orf30, STAT6, SLC25A46, HLA-DQB1, IL1RL1/IL18R1, TLR1/TLR6/TLR10, LPP, MYC/PVT1, IL2/ADAD1, HLA-B/MICA) tend to be involved in allergic responses or other components of the immune system. The gene C11orf30 seems to be the most relevant for<unk>  as it may increase susceptibility to poly-sensitization. Staphylococcus aureus Bleach baths provide temporary control of eczema. Ciprofloxacin is an allergen that may cause contact dermatitis, symptoms of which are indistinguishable from eczema. Filaggrin mutations are associated with<unk> c eczema and may contribute to the excessive dryness of the skin and the loss of the barrier function of normal skin. It may be possible that the filaggrin mutations and the loss of the normal skin barrier expose crevices that make it possible for Staphylococcus aureus to colonize the skin.<unk> c eczema is often associated with genetic defects in genes that control allergic responses. Thus, some investigators have proposed that<unk> c eczema is an allergic response to increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the skin. A hallmark indicator of<unk> c eczema is a positive wheal and flare reaction to a skin test of S. aureus antigens. In addition, several studies have documented that an IgE-mediated response to S. aureus is present in people with<unk> c eczema.
Atopy
Electrical alternans
Junctional rhythm
Hypopyon
Ectopic beat
Junctional tachycardia
Infradian rhythm
Cavitation 