As of 2018, there are no vaccines or preventive drugs for<unk> , but vaccines are in development. The most effective method to prevent infection is to protect from sand fly bites. To decrease the risk of being bitten, these precautionary measures are suggested: * Outdoors: 1. Avoid outdoor activities, especially from dusk to dawn, when sand flies generally are the most active. 2. When outdoors (or in unprotected quarters), minimize the amount of exposed (uncovered) skin to the extent that is tolerable in the climate. Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks; and tuck your shirt into your pants. 3. Apply insect repellent to exposed skin and under the ends of sleeves and pant legs. Follow the instructions on the label of the repellent. The most effective repellents generally are those that contain the chemical DEET (N,N-diethylmetatoluamide). * Indoors: 1. Stay in well-screened or air-conditioned areas. 2. Keep in mind that sand flies are much smaller than mosquitoes and therefore can get through smaller holes. 3. Spray living/sleeping areas with an insecticide to kill insects. 4. If you are not sleeping in a well-screened or air-conditioned area, use a bed net and tuck it under your mattress. If possible, use a bed net that has been soaked in or sprayed with a pyrethroid-containing insecticide. The same treatment can be applied to screens, curtains, sheets, and clothing (clothing should be retreated after five washings)."
Visceral leishmaniasis
Psittacosis
Leishmaniasis
African trypanosomiasis
Babesiosis
Human trypanosomiasis
Trypanosomiasis
Cutaneous leishmaniasis