<unk> ,4-D is primarily used as a selective herbicide which kills many terrestrial and aquatic broadleaf weeds, but not grasses. As it was discovered in the 1940s, a patent no longer governs the manufacture and sale of<unk> ,4-D, and any company is free to produce it. Thus, it is sold in various formulations under a wide variety of brand names.<unk> ,4-D can be found in commercial lawn herbicide mixtures, which often contain other active ingredients including mecoprop and dicamba. Over 1,500 herbicide products contain<unk> ,4-D as an active ingredient. Estimated use of<unk> ,4-D in the USA to<unk> 019 A wide variety of different sectors uses products containing<unk> ,4-D to kill weeds and unwanted vegetation. In agriculture, it was the first herbicide found to be capable of selectively killing weeds but not crops. It has been used since 1945 to control broad-leafed weeds in pastures, orchards, and cereal crops such as corn, oats, rice, and wheat. Cereals, in particular, have excellent tolerance to<unk> ,4-D when it is applied before planting.<unk> ,4-D is the cheapest way for farmers to control winter annual weeds by spraying in the fall, often at the lowest recommended rate. This is particularly effective before planting beans, peas, lentils, and chickpeas. The estimated use of<unk> ,4-D in US agriculture is mapped by the US Geological Survey. In<unk> 019, the latest date for which figures are available, this reached annually. In domestic lawn and garden maintenance,<unk> ,4-D is commonly used for weed control in lawns and other turf. It is used to kill unwanted weeds such as dandelions, plantain, clover, and chickweed. In forestry, it is used for stump treatment, trunk injection, and selective control of brush in conifer forests. Along roadways, railways, and power lines, it is used to control weeds and brush which might interfere with safe operation and damage equipment. Along waterways, it is used to control aquatic weeds that might interfere with boating, fishing, and swimming or clog irrigation and hydroelectric equipment. It is often used by government agencies to control the spread of invasive, noxious, and non-native weed species and prevent them from crowding out native species, and also to control many poisonous weeds such as poison ivy and poison oak. A<unk> 010 monitoring study conducted in the US and Canada found that "current exposures to<unk> ,4-D are below applicable exposure guidance values."<unk> ,4-D has been used in laboratories for plant research as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium since at least 1962.<unk> ,4-D is used in plant cell cultures as a dedifferentiation (callus induction) hormone. It is classified as an auxin plant hormone derivative.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Ipriflavone
Povidone-iodine
Tuberculinic acid
Griseofulvin
Terbinafine
Ketoconazole