A<unk>  is a type of bone<unk>  which uses bone tissue harvested from the patient to treat slow-healing, or delayed union bone fractures. Thus, it is a form of autotransplantation. Typically, the tissue used in the<unk>  is cancellous bone harvested from the patient's Iliac crest and laid in strips across the fracture site. The use of the patient's living bone stimulates osteogenesis, the growth of bones. The<unk>  was first described in a paper published in 1914 by American surgeon Dallas B.<unk> , and it was named for him. Its efficacy was confirmed the same year by Canadian surgeons William Gallie and D.E. Robertson. In 1949,<unk>  described a variation on the technique where the<unk>  tissue was inserted into the base of the greater trochanter and femoral neck in order to treat osteonecrosis. A 1967 study found the original<unk>  to be more effective than the cortical sliding<unk>  and cancellous<unk>  for fractures of the tibia. The<unk>  is preferred when a fracture demonstrates delayed union, meaning the fracture is slow to heal. Due to internal forces, the procedure is not recommended for the femur, humerus, or radius bones. It can be used for areas of bone which have undergone the first two stages of osteonecrosis. For example, in young patients, or those with sickle cell disease, it can serve as an effective long-term treatment for osteonecrosis, as long as it is performed in the early stages. In this instances it is a more conservative treatment, and in the long term can postpone the need for a hip replacement. In the later stages of osteonecrosis (3 through 6), where the bone has begun to collapse or has fully collapsed, the<unk>  is not recommended.
Phemister graft
Eden-Lange procedure
Joel-Cohen incision
Gundersen flap
Corner stitch
Seton stitch
Perforator flaps
Maylard incision