Initial assessment may be made based on clinical signs of<unk> . Conjunctival impression cytology can be used to assess the presence of xerophthalmia which is strongly correlated with<unk>  status (and can be used to monitor recovery progress). Several methods of assessing bodily<unk>  A levels are available, with HPLC the most reliable. Measurement of plasma retinol levels is a common laboratory assay used to diagnose<unk> . Other biochemical assessments include measuring plasma retinyl ester levels, plasma and urinary retonioic acid levels, and<unk>  A in breast milk.
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin E deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Tetra-amelia syndrome
Biotin deficiency
Chromium deficiency
Iodine deficiency
Child abuse