Dopaminergic and serotonergic<unk> s It has been reported that in serotonergic<unk> s, the person maintains an awareness that they are<unk> g, unlike dopaminergic<unk> s. Neuroanatomy<unk> s are associated with structural and functional abnormalities in primary and secondary sensory cortices. Reduced grey matter in regions of the superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus, including Broca's area, is associated with auditory<unk> s as a trait, while acute<unk> s are associated with increased activity in the same regions along with the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and the right hemispheric homologue of Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus. Grey and white matter abnormalities in visual regions are associated with visual<unk> s in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, further supporting the notion of dysfunction in sensory regions underlying<unk> s. One proposed model of<unk> s posits that over-activity in sensory regions, which is normally attributed to internal sources via feedforward networks to the inferior frontal gyrus, is interpreted as originating externally due to abnormal connectivity or functionality of the feedforward network. This is supported by cognitive studies those with<unk> s, who have demonstrated abnormal attribution of self generated stimuli. Disruptions in thalamocortical circuitry may underlie the observed top down and bottom up dysfunction. Thalamocortical circuits, composed of projections between thalamic and cortical neurons and adjacent interneurons, underlie certain electrophysical characteristics (gamma oscillations) that are underlie sensory processing. Cortical inputs to thalamic neurons enable attentional modulation of sensory neurons. Dysfunction in sensory afferents, and abnormal cortical input may result in pre-existing expectations modulating sensory experience, potentially resulting in the generation of<unk> s.<unk> s are associated with less accurate sensory processing, and more intense stimuli with less interference are necessary for accurate processing and the appearance of gamma oscillations (called "gamma synchrony").<unk> s are also associated with the absence of reduction in P50 amplitude in response to the presentation of a second stimuli after an initial stimulus; this is thought to represent failure to gate sensory stimuli, and can be exacerbated by dopamine release agents. Abnormal assignment of salience to stimuli may be one mechanism of<unk> s. Dysfunctional dopamine signaling may lead to abnormal top down regulation of sensory processing, allowing expectations to distort sensory input.
Hallucination
Mindfulness
Automatism 
Perseveration
Bullying
Emotional detachment
Musical hallucinations
Intrusive thought