One paradigm used in<unk>  prevention is the Haddon Matrix developed by William Haddon Jr. of the National Highway Safety Bureau in the late 1960s. The matrix was designed to categorize highway safety phenomena, and applied a public health model to traffic-related epidemiology. It consists of ten strategies that are implemented based on temporality, that is pre-event strategies (primary prevention), event strategies (secondary prevention), and post-event strategies (tertiary prevention). The purpose of<unk>  prevention is to decrease the "burden of<unk>  to the individual and to society", which includes mortality, morbidity, disability, and economic cost. The ten strategies are: *pre-event strategies *prevent the creation of the hazard *reduce the amount of hazard *prevent the release of the hazard *modify the rate or distribution of release of the hazard *event strategies *separate the potential victims from the hazard, in time or space *separate the potential victims from the hazard with a barrier *modify the hazard *improve individual resistance to the hazard *post-event strategies *counter incurred damage *stabilize, treat, and rehabilitate the<unk> d individual In<unk>  Head<unk> es in High School and Collegiate Sports, Frederick Mueller states that the frequency of<unk> es may be reduced by: *requiring all participants to submit medical histories and have an obligatory pre-participation examination *requiring all schools, colleges, and universities to have a certified athletic trainer on faculty *enforcement of game rules by officials and coaches, and player education about head contact *removing a player exhibiting symptoms of concussion or head trauma from a game *educating players, parents, coaches about the symptoms of head<unk>  and dangers of recurrent<unk>  *athletic trainer must be prepared to respond to a<unk>  event Preparation for a<unk>  event includes a written emergency plan, which should incorporate an evacuation, transportation and communication plan, as well as notifying hospital emergency departments about game and practice schedules for teams and clubs. Response to a<unk>  event should reduce its severity, such as via the administration of first aid. In<unk> es in Sports and Recreation: Causes and Prevention : A Canadian Study, Charles Tator states that effective<unk>  prevention programs involve education, engineering, and rule enforcement. Education is intended to inform the participants of potential dangers of risky behaviour in the activity, and engineering "involved modifying the environment to create safer surroundings", such as maintaining playing fields or improving the design of equipment.
Catastrophic injury
Secondary trauma
Nerve injury
Occult fracture
Ischemic compression
Acquired brain injury
Barotrauma
Neurolathyrism