Pharmacodynamics +<unk>  Receptor Affinity (Ki, nM) DAT >10,000 5-HT1A >10,000 5-HT2A 4,786 5-HT3 >10,000 5-HT6 5,011 5-HT7 5,011 α1 >10,000 α2 >10,000 D1 >10,000 D2 9.8 D3 8.05 D4 54 H1 >10,000 V3 >10,000 Affinity values are toward cloned human receptors.<unk>  is a selective antagonist at dopamine D2, D3 and 5-HT1A receptors. Antagonism at 5-HT1A dominates in doses exceeding 600 mg daily. In doses of 600 to 1,600 mg<unk>  shows mild sedating and antipsychotic activity. Its antipsychotic potency compared to chlorpromazine is only 0.2 (1/5). In low doses (in particular 50 to 200 mg daily) its prominent feature is antagonism of presynaptic inhibitory dopamine and serotonin receptors, accounting for some antidepressant activity and a stimulating effect. Additionally, it alleviates vertigo. The benzamide neuroleptics (including<unk> , amisulpride, and<unk> topride) have been shown to activate the endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate receptor in vivo at therapeutic concentrations.<unk>  was found in one study in rats to upregulate GHB receptors. GHB has neuroleptic properties and it is believed binding to this receptor may contribute to the effects of these neuroleptics.<unk> , along with clozapine, and valproate has been found to activate DNA demethylation in the brain.
Sulpiride
Buspirone
Dapoxetine
Bupropion
Vortioxetine
Electroconvulsive therapy
Atomoxetine
Edivoxetine