Respiratory therapist examining a<unk> ly ventilated patient on an Intensive Care Unit. The more time a patient spends exposed to the forces applied to them by a<unk>  ventilator, the higher the risk of suffering a ventilator-associated lung injury. : For the physics concept, see .<unk>  is a medical term which is a measure of the amount of energy imparted to a patient by a<unk>  ventilator. While in many cases<unk>  ventilation is a life-saving or life-preserving intervention, it also has the potential to cause harm to the patient via ventilator-associated lung injury. A number of stresses may be induced by the ventilator on the patient's lung. These include barotrauma caused by pressure, volutrauma caused by distension of the lungs, rheotrauma caused by fast-flowing delivery of gases and atelectotrauma resulting from repeated collapse and re-opening of the lung. The purpose of<unk>  is to provide a quantity which can account for all of these stresses and therefore predict the amount of lung injury which is likely to be seen in the patient. In patients who are ventilated in volume mode, it is calculated with the formula:<unk>  (J/min) = 0.098 x RR x Tv x (Ppeak – ½ x Paw) where RR = respiratory rate, TV = tidal volume, Ppeak = peak pressure, Paw = mean airway pressure
Mechanical power
Motor skill
Potential space
Situational strength
Comfort
Sensory design
Sign language
Pain tolerance