Grades II, III, and IV require surgery to correct, if the animal has difficulty walking. The surgery required is governed by the type of abnormality present, but often involves a sulcoplasty, a deepening of the trochlear sulcus where the<unk>  sits, a realignment of the attachment of the<unk>  tendon on the tibia, and tightening or releasing of the capsule on either side of the<unk> , according to which side the<unk>  is slipping. Some grade IV conditions may require more involved surgery to realign the femur and/or tibia. A therapeutic dosage of glucosamine can be used as a preliminary treatment to strengthen ligaments and the surrounding tissues of the joint and can delay or prevent surgery. Additional help can be given with the use of pet ramps, stairs, or steps. These can help the animal travel from one place to another, especially up and down, without adding any pain or damage to the<unk> .
Luxating patella
Bipartite patella
Attenuated patella alta
Tarsal coalition
Retrocalcaneal bursitis
Sprained ankle
Bimalleolar fracture
Calcaneal spur