There are no specific contraindications for<unk> , and in general it is considered a low-risk surgery. However, anyone who cannot tolerate surgery under general anesthesia should not undergo<unk> . People can be split into high and low risk groups using a tool such as the ASA physical status classification system. In this system, people who are ASA categories III, IV, and V are considered high risk for<unk> . Typically this includes very elderly people and people with co-existing illness, such as end-stage liver disease with portal hypertension and whose blood does not clot properly. Alternatives to surgery are briefly mentioned below.
Cholecystectomy
Cholecystostomy
Cholecystenterostomy
Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Perihepatic packing
Pancreatectomy
Appendectomy