<unk>  neck<unk>  is a condition where the<unk>  neck does not open enough during voiding. Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)<unk>  is included in the spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). CAKUT is the most common cause of birth defects, occurring in 1 out of 1000 live births, and accounts for approximately half of all cases of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in children. CAKUT can be classified by the degree and type of malformation as follows: Aplasia Aplasia is a congenital absence of kidney tissue. Simple hypoplasia Kidneys that are small for age but still have normal renal architecture. This leads to a decrease in the number of nephrons, or functional units of the kidney. Dysplasia Malformation of kidney or<unk>  architecture. A dysplastic kidney is typically small for age and may contain cysts. A multicystic dysplastic kidney is an extreme example of renal dysplasia. Isolated collecting duct dilation Dilation of the renal pelvis, ureters, or both. Also called hydronephrosis. Anomalies of position Kidneys and ureters located in incorrect position, including horseshoe kidney and ectopic ureters.
Bladder outlet obstruction
Prostatic congestion
Urinary tract obstruction
Extravasation of urine
Urethral stricture
Bladder sphincter dyssynergia
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Underactive bladder