Pharmacodynamics<unk> , has a chemical structure similar to Glutamate, a neurotransmitter, and dimethylglycine. Upon analysis, this pharmacological agent seems to be an agonist of the NMDA receptor, with an unknown Km. Since excess Glutamate causes excitotoxicity and neuronal apoptosis,<unk>  overdose may also lead to NMDA related toxicity, thus inducing seizures at high doses, and muscle relaxation upon administration.<unk> ’s structural similarity to Meprobamate indicates GABAergic activity, including GABA A agonism, similar to the mechanism of benzodiazepines. This will allow for further muscle relaxation and anxiety reduction. Therefore,<unk> , at low to moderate dosages, may be clinically indicated for absent seizures, yet exacerbate Tonic-clonic seizures. Pharmacokinetics<unk>  has a rapid, 30-minute onset of action, with the aforementioned effects lasting about two to six hours. It is metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 oxidase isozyme CYP2C19, excreted by the kidneys and has about an eight-hour half-life. In patients with low levels of CYP2C19 (poor metabolizers), standard doses can lead to increased concentrations of<unk>  (up-to a four-fold increase). A considerable proportion of<unk>  is metabolized to meprobamate, which is a known addictive substance; this could account for the addictive potential of<unk>  (meprobamate levels reach higher peak plasma levels than<unk>  itself following administration). As mentioned above,<unk>  appears to have strong anxiolytic effects on its own; however, a large part of its effects also come from the fact that it is metabolized into meprobamate: at least a 25% of the<unk>  administered will be transformed into meprobamate which means that meprobamate is 3.25× stronger than<unk>  (although this rate varies from person to person according to their levels of CYP2C19 enzymes in their livers with some people having considerably higher leverls) or, in other words, 200 mg of meprobamate (which is the lowest standard dose) is equivalent to 650 mg of<unk> . As such, meprobamate is believed to play a significant role in the effects of<unk>  and meprobamate's long half-life results in bioaccumulation following extended periods of<unk>  administration. It is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in ethanol, chloroform and acetone. The drug's solubility is practically independent of pH.
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