Within<unk>  systems, a<unk>  government or government-related source pays for all covered<unk>  services. Governments use this strategy to achieve several goals, including universal<unk> , decreased economic burden of<unk> , and improved health outcomes for the population. In 2010, the World Health Organization's member countries adopted universal<unk>  as a goal; this goal was also adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A<unk> -payer health system establishes a<unk>  risk pool, consisting of the entire population of a geographic or political region. It also establishes a<unk>  set of rules for services offered, reimbursement rates, drug prices, and minimum standards for required services. In wealthy nations,<unk> -payer health insurance is typically available to all citizens and legal residents. Examples include the United Kingdom's National Health Service, Australia's Medicare and Canada's Medicare. History of the term The term was coined in the 1990s to characterize the differences between the Canadian<unk>  system with those such as the United Kingdom's NHS. In the Canadian<unk>  system, the government pays private agencies to provide<unk>  for qualifying individuals. In other systems, the government both funds and delivers care. Typically,<unk> " refers to health insurance provided as a public service and offered to citizens and legal residents; it does not usually refer to delivery of<unk>  services. The fund can be managed by the government directly or as a publicly owned and regulated agency.<unk> -payer contrasts with other funding mechanisms like 'multi-payer' (multiple public and/or private sources), 'two-tiered' (defined either as a public source with the option to use qualifying private coverage as a substitute, or as a public source for catastrophic care backed by private insurance for common medical care), and 'insurance mandate' (citizens are required to buy private insurance which meets a national standard and which is generally subsidized). Some systems combine elements of these four funding mechanisms. In contrast to the standard usage of the term, some writers describe all publicly administered systems as<unk> -payer plans", and others have described any system of<unk>  which intends to cover the entire population, such as voucher plans, as<unk> -payer plans", although these usages generally do not meet strict definitions of the term.
Single-payer healthcare
Self-funded health care
Free-market healthcare
All-payer rate setting
Publicly funded health care
Prospective payment system
Medicaid managed care
Involuntary commitment by country