Bleeding/coagulopathy: platelet count and international normalized ratio (INR) should be checked before the procedure. Discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation requires consideration of the risks of hemorrhage vs. thrombosis and management should be based on current guidelines.
Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Cholecystectomy
Hepatic artery embolization
Percutaneous ethanol injection
Percutaneous hepatic perfusion
Hepatoportoenterostomy
Cholecystenterostomy