For children younger than eight weeks of age (and possibly in utero), a<unk>  cord may be observed using ultrasonography. Ultrasonography may still be useful through age 5 in limited circumstances. MRI imaging appears to be the gold standard for diagnosing a<unk>  cord. A<unk>  cord is often diagnosed as a "low conus." The conus medullaris (or lower termination of the<unk>  cord) normally terminates at or above the L1-2 disk space (where L1 is the first, or topmost lumbar vertebra). After about 3 months of age, a conus below the L1-2 disk space may indicate a<unk>  cord and termination below L3-4 is unmistakably<unk> . "Cord tethering is often assumed when the conus is below the normal L2-3 level. TCS, however, is a clinical diagnosis that should be based on "neurological and musculoskeletal signs and symptoms. Imaging features are in general obtained to support rather than make the diagnosis." Clinical evaluation may include a simple rectal examination and may also include invasive or non-invasive urological examination. "Bladder dysfunction occurs in ~40% of patients affected by<unk>  cord<unk> . ... It may be the earliest sign of the<unk> ."
Tethered spinal cord syndrome
Posterior cord syndrome
Say–Meyer syndrome
Central cord syndrome
Madras motor neuron disease
Upper motor neuron syndrome
Nicolau–Balus syndrome
Syringomyelia