Clonus seen in a person with<unk>  Symptom onset is usually rapid, often occurring within minutes of elevated<unk>  levels.<unk>  encompasses a wide range of clinical findings. Mild symptoms may consist of increased heart rate, shivering, sweating, dilated pupils, myoclonus (intermittent jerking or twitching), as well as overresponsive reflexes. However, many of these symptoms may be side effects of the drug or drug interaction causing excessive levels of<unk>  rather than an effect of elevated<unk>  itself. Tremor is a common side effect of MDMA's action on dopamine, whereas hyperreflexia is symptomatic of exposure to<unk>  agonists. Moderate intoxication includes additional abnormalities such as hyperactive bowel sounds, high blood pressure and hyperthermia; a temperature as high as . The overactive reflexes and clonus in moderate cases may be greater in the lower limbs than in the upper limbs. Mental changes include hypervigilance or insomnia and agitation. Severe symptoms include severe increases in heart rate and blood pressure that may lead to shock. Temperature may rise to above in life-threatening cases. Other abnormalities include metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, seizures, kidney failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation; these effects usually arising as a consequence of hyperthermia. The symptoms are often described as a clinical triad of abnormalities: * Cognitive effects: headache, agitation, hypomania, mental confusion, hallucinations, coma * Autonomic effects: shivering, sweating, hyperthermia, vasoconstriction, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea. * Somatic effects: myoclonus (muscle twitching), hyperreflexia (manifested by clonus), tremor.
Serotonin syndrome
Malignant hyperthermia
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome
Methanol toxicity
Glycine encephalopathy
Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome