Little is known about the cause of vestibulodynia. A number of causes may be involved, including subclinical human papillomavirus infection, chronic recurrent candidiasis, or chronic recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Muscular causes have been implicated as well, since chronic<unk>  pain may be the result of chronic hypertonic perivaginal muscles, leading to vaginal tightening and subsequent pain. Some investigators have postulated the existence of neurological causes, such as vestibular neural hyperplasia. In vestibulodynia the nerves of the<unk> transmit signals of pain when they normally should indicate touch, pressure, heat, or stretch. Normal sensations are processed by the brain as abnormal, which result in a heightened sensitivity, i.e. hyperalgesia. Finally, psychological factors may contribute to or exacerbate the problem, since the anticipation of pain often results in a conditioned spasmodic reflex along with sexual desire and arousal problems.
Vulvar vestibulitis
Rectovestibular fistula
Nasal vestibulitis
Ophthalmodynia periodica
Vestibular adenitis
Oculoauricular syndrome
Transient lingual papillitis
Blepharitis