<unk>  exhibits a classic triad of clinical findings (known as the Adams triad or Hakim's triad). The triad consists of gait deviation, dementia, and urinary incontinence (common student mnemonics are "wet, wacky, and wobbly" or "weird walking water"). Gait deviations are present in nearly all patients and usually the first symptom. This is caused by expansion of the lateral ventricles to impinge on the corticospinal tract motor fibers. The typical gait abnormality in<unk>  is a broad-based, slow, short-stepped, "stuck to the floor", or "magnetic" movement. The gait abnormalities in<unk>  may bear resemblance to a gait associated with Parkinson's disease. The gait deviation can be classified as mild, marked, or severe: "marked" is when the patient has difficulty walking because of considerable instability; "severe" is when it is not possible for the patient to walk without aids (such as a cane or a wheeled walker). Dementia presents as progressive cognitive impairment which is present in 60% of patients at time of treatment. This is caused by distortions predominantly at the frontal lobe and the subcortex. Initial deficits involve planning, organization, attention, and concentration. Further deficits include difficulty managing finances, taking medications, driving, keeping track of appointments, daytime sleeping, short-term memory impairments, and psychomotor slowing. Late stage features include apathy, reduced drive, slowed thinking, and reduced speech. Urinary incontinence appears late in the illness, and is present in 50% of patients at time of treatment. Urinary dysfunction begins as increased frequency often at night, and progresses to urge incontinence and permanent incontinence.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Low pressure hydrocephalus
Lewy body dementias
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Multiple system atrophy
Frontotemporal dementia
Vascular dementia
Dementia with Lewy bodies