<unk>  is used in people six years of age and older infected with HIV-1 as part of combination antiretroviral treatment (ART or cART). Monotherapy with<unk>  is not indicated due to rapid emergence of resistance.<unk>  in triple combination therapy has been shown to suppress viral load effectively when used as initial antiretroviral therapy (i.e., in antiretroviral-naive patients). Some clinical trials have demonstrated comparable HIV suppression with<unk> -based regimens to that achieved with regimens based on a protease inhibitor (PI) or efavirenz. This drug is generally only to be considered for use if the CD4 cell count is very low. Although concerns have been raised about<unk> -based regimens in those starting therapy with high viral load or low CD4 count, some analyses suggest that<unk>  may be effective in this group of people.<unk>  may also form a useful component of salvage regimens after virological failure, usually in combination with one or more PIs as well as nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs), especially in those who have not previously taken an NNRTI. Dosing in children is based on body surface area (BSA), however, weight-based dosing algorithms have been released. These guidelines include dosing algorithms for as young as newborn babies. Preventing mother-to-child transmission A single dose of<unk>  given to both mother and child reduced the rate of HIV transmission by almost 50% compared with a very short course of zidovudine (AZT) prophylaxis, in a clinical trial in Uganda. A subsequent study in Thailand showed that prophylaxis with single-dose<unk>  in addition to zidovudine is more effective than zidovudine alone. These and other trials have led the World Health Organization to endorse the use of single-dose<unk>  prophylaxis in many developing world settings as a cost-effective way of reducing mother-to-child transmission. However, in the United States the Ugandan study was deemed flawed and as of 2006 the FDA has not approved of such<unk>  prophylaxis. However, supporters of HIVNET 012 experiment argued that the flaws in this experiment were largely due to bureaucratic incompetence, while the findings regarding the safety and efficacy of single-dose<unk>  from this study were scientifically solid and too important to discard. Moreover, it was argued that holding African researchers who operated under resource-poor situations to the same moral and procedural standards to their Western counterparts was unrealistic, and would further marginalize African researchers' role in the science community and impede the progress of African science. Another clinical trial, Using<unk>  to Prevent Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission During Breastfeeding, was completed in September 2013. A major concern with this approach is that NNRTI resistance mutations are commonly observed in both mothers and infants after single-dose<unk> , and may compromise the response to future NNRTI-containing regimens. A short course of maternal Lamivudine/zidovudine is recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service Task Force to reduce this risk.
Nevirapine
Saquinavir
Fostemsavir
Coronavir
Letermovir
Entecavir
Sorivudine
Maribavir