As with any procedure, there are risks involved; these include reactions to medicine, problems breathing, bleeding, and infection. Infection is reported to occur in less than 1% of cases and is curable with antibiotics. Overall, patients with a preexisting illness are at a higher risk of getting an infection as opposed to those who are overall healthy. Risks for grafts from the iliac crest Some of the potential risks and complications of<unk>  grafts employing the iliac crest as a donor site include: * acquired bowel herniation (this becomes a risk for larger donor sites (>4 cm)). About 20 cases have been reported in the literature from 1945 till 1989 and only a few hundred cases have been reported worldwide * meralgia paresthetica (injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve also called Bernhardt-Roth's syndrome) * pelvic instability * fracture (extremely rare and usually with other factors) * injury to the clunial nerves (this will cause posterior pelvic pain which is worsened by sitting) * injury to the ilioinguinal nerve * infection * minor hematoma (a common occurrence) * deep hematoma requiring surgical intervention * seroma * ureteral injury * pseudoaneurysm of iliac artery (rare) * tumor transplantation * cosmetic defects (chiefly caused by not preserving the superior pelvic brim) * chronic pain<unk>  grafts harvested from the posterior iliac crest in general have less morbidity, but depending on the type of surgery, may require a flip while the patient is under general anesthesia.
Bone grafting
Osteoplasty
Distraction osteogenesis
Autologous chondrocyte implantation
Arthrodesis
Joint replacement
Osteotomy
Metroplasty