<unk> s often refer to non-live<unk> s. They are further classified depending on the method used to<unk> the pathogen: * Whole pathogen<unk> s are produced when an entire pathogen is 'killed' using heat, chemicals, or radiation, although only formaldehyde and beta-Propiolactone exposure are widely used in human<unk> s. * Subunit<unk> s are produced by purifying out the antigens that best stimulate the immune system to mount a response to the pathogen, while removing other components necessary for the pathogen to replicate or survive or that can cause adverse reactions. *Split virus<unk> s are produced by using a detergent to disrupt the viral envelope. This technique is used in the development of many influenza<unk> s. * Toxoid<unk> s are created by inactivating toxins produced by bacteria. The toxoid mounts an immune response against the toxin.
Inactivated vaccine
Attenuated vaccine
Conjugate vaccine
Synthetic vaccine
Subunit vaccine
Genetically modified vaccine
Heterologous vaccine
Cell-based vaccine