Protozoa The female<unk>  of the genus Anopheles may carry the malaria parasite. Four different species of protozoa cause malaria: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium vivax (see Plasmodium). Worldwide, malaria is a leading cause of premature mortality, particularly in children under the age of five, with an estimated 207 million cases and more than half a million deaths in 2012, according to the World Malaria Report 2013 published by WHO. The death toll increased to one million as of 2018 according to the American<unk>  Control Association. Myiasis Botflies are known to parasitize humans or other mammalians, causing myiasis, and to use<unk> es as intermediate vector agents to deposit eggs on a host. The human botfly Dermatobia hominis attaches its eggs to the underside of a<unk> , and when the<unk>  takes a blood meal from a human or an animal, the body heat of the mammalian host induces hatching of the larvae. Helminthiasis Some species of<unk>  can carry the filariasis worm, a parasite that causes a disfiguring condition (often referred to as elephantiasis) characterized by a great swelling of several parts of the body; worldwide, around 40 million people are living with a filariasis disability. Virus The viral diseases yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika fever and chikungunya are transmitted mostly by Aedes aegypti<unk> es. Other viral diseases like epidemic polyarthritis, Rift Valley fever, Ross River fever, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis, La Crosse encephalitis and several other encephalitic diseases are carried by several different<unk> es. Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and Western equine encephalitis (WEE) occur in the United States where they cause disease in humans, horses, and some bird species. Because of the high mortality rate, EEE and WEE are regarded as two of the most serious<unk> s in the United States. Symptoms range from mild flu-like illness to encephalitis, coma and death. Viruses carried by arthropods such as<unk> es or ticks are known collectively as arboviruses. West Nile virus was accidentally introduced into the United States in 1999 and by 2003 had spread to almost every state with over 3,000 cases in 2006. Other species of Aedes as well as Culex and Culiseta are also involved in the transmission of disease. Myxomatosis is spread by biting insects, including<unk> es.
Mosquito-borne disease
Blood-borne disease
Feline zoonosis
Canine vector-borne disease
Tropical disease
Virgin soil epidemic
Reverse zoonosis
Behavior-altering parasite