Seven-year-old Nigerian boy with a several-month history of jaw swelling which had been treated with antibiotics: The tumor was ulcerated and draining. Picture of a mouth of a patient with<unk>  showing disruption of teeth and partial obstruction of airway<unk>  can be divided into three main clinical variants: the endemic, the sporadic, and the immunodeficiency-associated variants. By morphology (i.e., microscopic appearance), immunophenotype, and genetics, the variants of<unk>  are alike. * The endemic variant (also called "African variant") most commonly occurs in children living in malaria endemic regions of the world (e.g., equatorial Africa, Brazil, and Papua New Guinea). Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is found in nearly all patients. Chronic malaria is believed to reduce resistance to EBV, allowing it to take hold. The disease characteristically involves the jaw or other facial bone, distal ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney, or breast. * The sporadic type of<unk>  (also known as "non-African") is the most common variant found in places where malaria is not prevalent such as North America and parts of Europe. The tumor cells have a similar appearance to the cancer cells of classical endemic<unk> . Sporadic lymphomas are rarely associated with the EBV. The jaw is less commonly involved in this variant. The abdominal region is the common site of involvement. * Immunodeficiency-associated<unk>  is usually associated with HIV infection, but can also occur in the setting of post-transplant patients.<unk>  is commonly associated with the infection of B cell lymphocytes with the EBV and in these cases is considered to be one form of the Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases. The endemic variant of<unk>  is in almost all cases associated with EBV infection. The fact that some<unk>  cases do not involve EBV allows that many cases of the disease are not caused and/or promoted by EBV, i.e. the virus may be an innocent passenger virus in these cases. However, the almost ubiquitous presence of the virus in the endemic variant of<unk>  suggests that it contributes to the development and/or progression of this variant. The mutational landscape in<unk>  has recently been found to differ between tumors with and without EBV infection, further strengthening the role of the virus in lymphomagenesis.
Burkitt lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
AIDS-related lymphoma
Thymic carcinoma
B-cell lymphoma
Thymoma with immunodeficiency
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Mantle cell lymphoma