Diagnosis of<unk>  is done on an exclusionary basis in which other closely related<unk><unk> s are systematically ruled out. Because of this, a thorough clinical evaluation is necessary. Often, impairments are not severe enough to warrant this process and so<unk>  is not often diagnosed unless there are extremely interfering or disabling symptoms. Many patients do not seek treatment for<unk>  directly and most seek professional help to alleviate sleep-affecting symptoms. To compound the issue, many sufferers are often misdiagnosed as having Restless Legs Syndrome or sleep apnea or some combination of the two.<unk>  differs from Restless Legs Syndrome in that<unk>  involves involuntary contractions of muscles with no urge or uncomfortable sensation to provoke such<unk> . Additionally, 80-90% of Restless Legs Syndrome sufferers show periodic limb<unk> s as observed on a polysomnogram, which are not common in<unk>  patients.<unk>  can also have symptoms that overlap with epilepsy. However, use of a polysomnogram can help distinguish one<unk>  from the other as<unk>  involves<unk> s in both REM and NREM sleep, which is unusual for seizures. Additionally, patients can usually stop the<unk> s upon request, unlike the<unk> s observed in epilepsy. Other<unk><unk> s like Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, ataxia, and dystonia differ from<unk>  in that they occur primarily during wakefulness and reduced sleep, whereas<unk>  episodes occur in or around sleep.
Rhythmic movement disorder
Essential tremor
Dopamine-responsive dystonia
Benign fasciculation syndrome
Torsion dystonia
Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia
Focal dystonia
Stiff-person syndrome