<unk>  <unk> , also called human<unk>  (hRSV) and human orthopneumovirus, is a common, contagious virus that causes infections of the<unk>  tract. It is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, and its name is derived from the large cells known as<unk> that form when infected cells fuse.<unk>  is the single most common cause of<unk>  hospitalization in infants, and reinfection remains common in later life: it is an important pathogen in all age groups. Infection rates are typically higher during the cold winter months, causing bronchiolitis in infants, common colds in adults, and more serious<unk>  illnesses such as pneumonia in the elderly and immunocompromised.<unk>  is spread through contaminated air droplets and can cause outbreaks both in the community and in hospital settings. Following initial infection via the eyes or nose, the virus will infect the epithelial cells of the upper and lower airway, causing inflammation, cell damage, and airway obstruction. A variety of methods are available for viral detection and diagnosis of<unk>  including antigen testing, molecular testing, and viral culture. While the main prevention measures include hand washing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, prophylactic use of palivizumab is available to prevent<unk>  infection in high-risk infants. Currently, there is no vaccine against<unk> , although many are under development. Treatment for severe illness is primarily supportive, including oxygen therapy and more advanced breathing support with CPAP or nasal high flow oxygen, as required. In cases of severe<unk>  failure, intubation and mechanical ventilation may be required. Ribavirin is the only antiviral medication currently licensed for the treatment of<unk>  in children, although its use remains controversial.
Respiratory syncytial virus
Influenza A virus
Influenza B virus
Influenza D virus
Rhinovirus
Human parainfluenza viruses
Human coronavirus 229E
Cricket paralysis virus