Treatment and intervention for<unk>  can be classified into a unique paradigm based on disease prevention. Primary prevention Primary prevention aims to reduce the risk factors before a disease or condition occurs. Sun protection is the most effective form of primary prevention of<unk> . The major methods of sun protection are sunscreen products, sun protective clothing, and reducing exposure to the sun, especially during peak sun hours (10 AM-4PM in the spring and summer seasons). Broad-spectrum sunscreen products provide optimal coverage for protection against UV damage because they protect against both types of UVA rays (UVA1 and UVA2) along with UVB rays. Proper application methods and timing are important factors in proper sunscreen use. This includes using a proper quantity of sunscreen, applying sunscreen prior to sun exposure, and consistent reapplication (especially after exposure to water or sweat). Secondary protection Secondary protection refers to early detection of disease, potentially while still asymptomatic, to allow positive interference to prevent, delay, or attenuate the symptomatic clinical condition. This includes the following: retinoids (e.g. tretinoin), antioxidants (e.g. topical vitamin C, oral supplements, CoQ10, Lipoic acid), estrogens, growth factors and cytokines. There are various forms of topical retinoids. Tretinoin, a retinoid, is widely considered to be the most efficacious treatment for<unk>  by dermatologists due to consistent evidence from several randomized clinical trials. Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives that bind to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Binding to these receptors induces a cascade of cellular processes that ultimately lead to increased collagen production and epidermal thickening, reducing the appearance of skin sagging and wrinkling. Tretinoin is also efficacious for the treatment of acne. Adapalene and tazarotene are also third-generation synthetic retinoids that are used for the treatment for acne. Adapalene has not been widely studied or proven for use in<unk> . However, it has been used off-label for that purpose. Tazarotene has been proven to be efficacious in the treatment of<unk> . Retinoid derivatives, known as retinol and retinal, are often used in over the counter cosmeceutical products for anti-aging purposes. The form of retinol and retinal are metabolized in the skin to retinoic acid, which can then act on the RARs and RXRs. These products are considered cosmeceuticals rather than drugs due to their lack of regulation, and they have not been widely studied. Furthermore, tretinoin is the most well studied and consistent in its efficacy in the treatment of<unk> . Tertiary prevention Lastly, tertiary prevention is the treatment of an existing symptomatic disease process to ameliorate its effects or delay its progress. Such tertiary prevention includes the use of chemical peels, resurfacing techniques (e.g. micro-dermabrasion), ablative or non-ablative laser resurfacing, radio-frequency technology, soft tissue augmentation (also known as fillers), and botulinum toxins. Photorejuvenation procedures are performed by dermatologists to reduce the visible symptoms. Each of these treatment modalities have primary concerns that they address. For example, botulinum injections paralyze facial muscles. This prevents muscle contraction and subsequent wrinkle formation. Injectable fillers are often used in the nasolabial fold to increase volume and minimize the appearance of sagging or wrinkling.
Photoaging
Photorejuvenation
Laser coagulation
Irradiation
Laser hair removal
Ultraviolet light therapy
Facial rejuvenation
Geroprotector