Even though many toxic effects of<unk>  have been discovered, the exact mechanisms underlying the toxicity are yet to be determined. The only toxic<unk>  induced process that is largely understood is that of neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity One of the effects that intoxication with<unk>  gives rise to is neurotoxicity. Studies have shown that<unk>  stimulates the central nervous system (CNS), which may cause hyperexcitation and seizures. This phenomenon exerts its effect through two different mechanisms. One of the mechanisms uses the ability of<unk>  to inhibit brain calcium ATPases. These ion pumps relieve the nerve terminal from calcium by actively pumping it out. However, when<unk>  inhibits these pumps, the intracellular calcium levels rise. This results in an enhanced neurotransmitter release. The second mechanism makes use of<unk> 's ability to block gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.<unk>  induces neurotoxic effects by blocking the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex. By blocking this receptor, chloride is unable to move into the synapse, which prevents hyperpolarization of neuronal synapses. Therefore, the synapses are more likely to generate action potentials.
Aldrin
Haptocorrin
Anordrin
Equilin
Pentostatin
Endrin
Tetanospasmin
Modulin