<unk>  (MON, MRONJ) is progressive death of the<unk> bone in a person exposed to a<unk> s known to increase the risk of disease, in the absence of a previous radiation treatment. It may lead to surgical complication in the form of impaired wound healing following oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontal surgery, or endodontic therapy. Particular<unk> s can result in MRONJ, a serious but uncommon side effect in certain individuals. Such<unk> s are frequently used to treat diseases that cause bone resorption such as osteoporosis, or to treat cancer. The main groups of drugs involved are anti-resorptive drugs, and anti-angiogenic drugs. This condition was previously known as bisphosphonate-related<unk>  of the<unk>  (BON or BRONJ) because<unk>  of the<unk>  correlating with bisphosphonate treatment was frequently encountered, with its first incident occurring in 2003. Osteonecrotic complications associated with denosumab, another antiresorptive drug from a different drug category, were soon determined to be<unk>  to this condition. Newer<unk> s such as anti-angiogenic drugs have been potentially implicated causing a very similar condition and consensus shifted to refer to the<unk>  conditions as MRONJ; however, this has not been definitively demonstrated. There is no known prevention for bisphosphonate-associated<unk>  of the<unk> . Avoiding the use of bisphosphonates is not a viable preventive strategy on a general-population basis because the<unk> s are beneficial in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis (including prevention of bony fractures) and treatment of bone cancers. Current recommendations are for a 2-month drug holiday prior to dental surgery for those who are at risk (intravenous drug therapy, greater than 4 years of by-mouth drug therapy, other factors that increase risk such as steroid therapy). It usually develops after dental treatments involving exposure of bone or trauma, but may arise spontaneously. Patients who develop MRONJ may experience prolonged healing, pain, swelling, infection and exposed bone after dental procedures, though some patients may have no signs/symptoms.
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Osteomyelitis
Metastatic tumor of jaws
Osteoradionecrosis
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Dysbaric osteonecrosis
Alveolar osteitis
Osteochondritis dissecans