An unusual component of the<unk>  molecules is an endoperoxide 1,2,4-trioxane ring. This is the main antimalarial centre of the molecule. Modifications at carbon 10 (C10) position give rise to a variety of derivatives which are more powerful than the original compound. Because the physical properties of<unk>  itself, such as poor bioavailability, limit its effectiveness, semisynthetic derivatives of<unk>  have been developed. Derivatives of dihydroartemisinin were made since 1976.<unk> esunate,<unk> eether and<unk> emether were first synthesized in 1986. Many derivatives have been produced of which<unk> elinic acid,<unk> emotil,<unk> emisone, SM735, SM905, SM933, SM934, and SM1044 are among the most powerful compounds. There are also simplified analogs in preclinical development. Over 120 other derivatives have been prepared, but clinical testing has not been possible due to lack of financial support.<unk>  is poorly soluble in oils and water. Therefore, it is typically administered via the digestive tract, either by oral or rectal administration.<unk> esunate however can be administered via the intravenous and intramuscular, as well as the oral and rectal routes. A synthetic compound with a similar trioxolane structure (a ring containing three oxygen atoms) named RBx-11160 showed promise in in vitro testing. Phase II testing in patients with malaria was not as successful as hoped, but the manufacturer decided to start Phase III testing anyway.
Artemisinin
Artemether
Quinine
Ajmalicine
Proguanil
Dihydroartemisinin
Chloroquine
Deoxygedunin