Streptococci Escherichia coli Electron micrograph of a flagellated Listeria monocytogenes, Magnified 41,250X. Streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid Scanning electron micrograph shows Staphylococcus aureus. Transmission electron micrograph of Herpes simplex virus.<unk>  is caused by group B streptococci Streptococcus agalactiae (39%-48% of cases), Escherichia coli (30%-35%), other Gram-negative rods (8%-12%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (about 6%), and Listeria monocytogenes (5%-7%).<unk>  is typically caused from either a bacterial or viral infection, however, it can be caused by fungal, parasitic, or amebic infections as well. Even more rare,<unk>  can be caused by some cancers, Lupus, specific drugs, head injuries, and brain surgeries. Most<unk>  results from bacteremia (bacterial infection of the blood) with hematogenous spread to the central nervous system (CNS). Early-onset In early-onset<unk> , acquisition of the bacteria is from the mother either before the baby is born or during birth. The most common bacteria found in early-onset are Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. In developing countries, Gram-negative enteric (gut) bacteria are responsible for the majority of early onset<unk> . Late-onset Late-onset<unk>  may be caused by other Gram-negative bacteria and staphylococcal species. In developing countries, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for most cases of late onset. Herpes Simplex Virus Herpes simplex virus is a rare cause of<unk> , occurring only 0.165 in 10,000 live births in the UK and 0.2-5 in 10,000 live births in the US Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause<unk> , however, HSV-2 accounts for 70% of the cases. Herpes simplex virus is transmitted to neonates mainly during delivery (when infected maternal secretions come into contact with the baby and accounting for 85% of cases), but also occur in utero (while the fetus is still in the womb, 5% of cases) or even post-delivery, receiving the infection from the community (10% of cases). The most important factors impacting the transmission of the virus is the stage of the mother's infection (symptomatic or non-symptomatic) and the damage of any maternal membranes during birth (the longer the tissue is damaged, the higher the chance of<unk>  infection).
Neonatal meningitis
Neonatal stroke
Shaken baby syndrome
Neonatal encephalopathy
Omphalitis of newborn
Hemolytic disease of the newborn 
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Neonatal sepsis