An<unk>  is a mental<unk>  defined by abnormal eating behaviors that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health. Only one<unk>  can be diagnosed at a given time. Types of<unk> s include binge<unk> , where the afflicted eats a large amount in a short period of time; anorexia nervosa, where the person afflicted has an intense fear of gaining weight and restricts food or overexercises to manage this fear; bulimia nervosa, where afflicted individuals eat a large quantity (binging) then try to rid themselves of the food (purging); pica, where the afflicted eats non-food items; rumination syndrome, where the afflicted regurgitates undigested or minimally digested food; avoidant/restrictive food intake<unk>  (ARFID), where people have a reduced or selective food intake due to some psychological reasons (see below); and a group of other specified feeding or<unk> s. Anxiety<unk> s, depression and substance abuse are common among people with<unk> s. These<unk> s do not include obesity. The causes of<unk> s are not clear, although both biological and environmental factors appear to play a role. Cultural idealization of thinness is believed to contribute to some<unk> s. Individuals who have experienced sexual abuse are also more likely to develop<unk> s. Some<unk> s such as pica and rumination<unk>  occur more often in people with intellectual disabilities. Treatment can be effective for many<unk> s. Treatment varies by<unk>  and may involve counseling, dietary advice, reducing excessive exercise, and the reduction of efforts to eliminate food. Medications may be used to help with some of the associated symptoms. Hospitalization may be needed in more serious cases. About 70% of people with anorexia and 50% of people with bulimia recover within five years. Only 10% of people with<unk> s receive treatment, and of those, approximately 80% do not receive the proper care. Many are sent home weeks earlier than the recommended stay and are not provided with the necessary treatment. Recovery from binge<unk>  is less clear and estimated at 20% to 60%. Both anorexia and bulimia increase the risk of death. Estimates of the prevalence of<unk> s vary widely, reflecting differences in gender, age, and culture as well as methods used for diagnosis and measurement. In the developed world, anorexia affects about 0.4% and bulimia affects about 1.3% of young women in a given year. Binge<unk>  affects about 1.6% of women and 0.8% of men in a given year. According to one analysis, the percent of women who will have anorexia at some point in their lives may be up to 4%, or up to 2% for bulimia and binge<unk> s. Rates of<unk> s appear to be lower in less developed countries. Anorexia and bulimia occur nearly ten times more often in females than males. The typical onset of<unk> s in late childhood to early adulthood. Rates of other<unk> s are not clear.
Eating disorder
Obsessive–compulsive disorder
Sleep disorder
Menstrual disorder
Hirsutism
Food addiction
Arrhinia
Night eating syndrome