When PAVR surgery is performed an important and difficult aspect that affects the patient is the orientation, uniformity and depth at which it is inserted. When the<unk>  is not inserted correctly, when there is incomplete sealing between the native heart<unk>  and the stented<unk> , paravalvular leak (PVL) can occur. Key properties associated with paravalvular leak are the regurgitation volume, the PVL orifice location (anterior or posterior) and the associated fluid dynamic effects that occur from the interactions between the regurgitated flow and the normal transmitral flow. Morisawa et al. performed a quantitative to determine how the PVL flow effected normal transmitral flow based on three different in-vitro situations: no PVL, anterior orifice PVL and posterior orifice PVL. The results showed that while the two PVL cases negatively impacted the fluid dynamics of the normal transmitral flow seen in the no PVL case the posterior orifice PVL was a worse case scenario. The posterior orifice PVL led to a higher circulation and kinetic energy which translates to requiring the heart to work harder and consume more energy to maintain normal bodily functions.
Percutaneous aortic valve replacement
Mitral valve repair
Aortic valve repair
Mitral valve replacement
Aortic valvuloplasty
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation
Mitral valve annuloplasty
Aortic valve replacement