<unk>  usually occurs due to chronic lung disease or structural defects in the heart. One of the most common causes of<unk>  is pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined as increased blood pressure in the vessels supplying blood to the lungs. PH leads to increased pulmonary artery pressure. The<unk>  ventricle tries to compensate for this increased pressure by changing its shape and size. Hypertrophy of individual myocytes results in an increase in<unk><unk>  wall thickness. The worldwide incidence of PH is 4 per million people.<unk>  occurs in approximately 30% of these cases. PH is broadly split into five categories by the World Health Organization, based on the underlying cause. The incidence of<unk>  varies between the groups. Common causes of PH include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary embolism, and other restrictive lung diseases.<unk>  often occurs as a result of these disorders.<unk>  is seen in 76% of patients with advanced COPD and 50% of patients with restrictive lung disease.<unk>  also occurs in response to structural defects in the heart. One common cause is tricuspid insufficiency. This is a disorder where the tricuspid valve fails to close properly, allowing backward flow of blood. Other structural defects which lead to<unk>  include tetralogy of Fallot,<unk>  septal defects, pulmonary valve stenosis, and atrial septal defects.<unk>  is also associated with abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose, high systolic blood pressure, and fractional shortening of the left<unk>  mid-wall. Other risk factors for<unk>  include smoking, sleep apnea, and strenuous activity. These increase the risk of heart and lung disease and hence<unk> .
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Right atrial enlargement
Aortic unfolding
types of Cardiomegaly
Ventricular hypertrophy
Atrial enlargement
Left atrial enlargement