<unk> e compression devices such as<unk> s have shown to cause a significant reduction in incontinence, however long-term use of these devices has the risk of complications, such as pain, urethral erosion, obstruction, and edema. There is evidence that prolonged use of<unk> s compromise tissue and blood flow and promote the development of inflammatory response because of the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, none of the PCDs cause sustained irritation or impaired blood flow, and generally, patients yield good recovery around 40 minutes after the removal of the devices. It is recommended to de-clamp these devices at a regular interval of four hours.
Penis clamp
Pennington clamp
Foerster clamp
Müller's maneuver
Allis clamp
Intracavernous injection
Biofeedback
Thalamic stimulator