Therapy for UAB is often dependent on factors such as age, health, symptoms, and cause of the condition. Treatment frequently includes lifestyle modification (fluid restriction, bladder retraining). Bethanechol is a prescription medication used for treatment, bethanechol can stimulate the nerves of the bladder, making them more responsive to stimulus. In most cases, a class of drugs called 'parasympathomimetics' are the first-line options for pharmaceutical management, however, the evidence surrounding their effectiveness is still developing. With UAB, it is common for patients to utilize a urinary catheter to void. Surgical options are also options, with a cuff or stent placed around or in the neck of the bladder to aid the emptying and leakage of urine. Neuromodulatory techniques such as sacral nerve or posterior tibial nerve stimulation may be of value in selected cases. However, current therapies are considered inadequate and there is a strong need for new research and attention.(Van Koeveringe et al., 2011; Tyagi et al. 2015).
Underactive bladder
Overactive bladder
Stress incontinence
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Overflow incontinence
Urinary bladder disease
Interstitial cystitis
Urethral syndrome