<unk>  (CDHC), or<unk><unk>  health plans (CDHP) refers to a type of health insurance plan that allows employers and/or employees to utilize pretax money to help pay for medical expenses not covered by their health plan. These plans are linked to health savings accounts (HSAs), health reimbursement accounts (HRAs), or similar medical payment accounts. Users keep any unused balance or "rollover" at the end of the year to increase future balances or to invest for future expenses. They are a high-deductible health plan which has cheaper premiums but higher out of pocket expenses, and as such are seen as a cost effective means for companies to provide<unk>  for their employees. In this system,<unk>  costs are first paid for by an allotment of money provided by the employer in an HSA or HRA. Once<unk>  costs have used up this amount, the<unk>  pays for<unk>  until the deductible is reached, after this point, it operates similar to a typical PPO. Once the out-of-pocket maximum is reached, the health plan pays all further costs. CDHC plans are subject to the provisions of the Affordable Care Act, which mandates that routine or health maintenance claims must be covered, with no cost-sharing (copays, co-insurance, or deductibles) to the patient. Proponents suggest the plans increase free-market variables in the<unk>  system, fostering competition, which, in turn, lowers prices and stimulates improvements in service. Critics argue they cause those less wealthy and educated to avoid needed and appropriate<unk>  because of the cost burden.
Consumer-driven healthcare
NHS trust
Community health trust
Free-market healthcare
Goal-oriented health care
Transgender health care
Personalized medicine
Migrant Architects of the NHS