Production of organofluorine compounds The principal use of<unk>  is in organofluorine chemistry. Many organofluorine compounds are prepared using<unk>  as the fluorine source, including Teflon, fluoropolymers, fluorocarbons, and refrigerants such as freon. Many pharmaceuticals contain fluorine. Production of inorganic fluorides Most high-volume inorganic fluoride compounds are prepared from<unk> . Foremost are Na3AlF6, cryolite, and AlF3, aluminium trifluoride. A molten mixture of these solids serves as a high-temperature solvent for the production of metallic aluminium. Other inorganic fluorides prepared from<unk>  include sodium fluoride and uranium hexafluoride. Etchant, cleaner Wet etching tanks It is used in the semiconductor industry as a major component of Wright Etch and buffered oxide etch, which are used to clean silicon wafers. In a similar manner it is also used to etch glass by treatment with silicon dioxide to form gaseous or water-soluble silicon fluorides. It can also be used to polish and frost glass. :SiO2 + 4<unk>  → SiF4(g) + 2 H2O :SiO2 + 6<unk>  → H2SiF6 + 2 H2O A 5% to 9%<unk>  gel is also commonly used to etch all ceramic dental restorations to improve bonding. For similar reasons, dilute<unk>  is a component of household rust stain remover, in car washes in "wheel cleaner" compounds, in ceramic and fabric rust inhibitors, and in water spot removers. Because of its ability to dissolve iron oxides as well as silica-based contaminants,<unk>  is used in pre-commissioning boilers that produce high-pressure steam.<unk>  is also useful for dissolving rock samples (usually powdered) prior to analysis. In similar manner, this acid is used in acid macerations to extract organic fossils from silicate rocks. Fossiliferous rock may be immersed directly into the acid, or a cellulose nitrate film may be applied (dissolved in amyl acetate), which adheres to the organic component and allows the rock to be dissolved around it. Oil refining In a standard oil refinery process known as alkylation, isobutane is alkylated with low-molecular-weight alkenes (primarily a mixture of propylene and butylene) in the presence of an acid catalyst derived from<unk> . The catalyst protonates the alkenes (propylene, butylene) to produce reactive carbocations, which alkylate isobutane. The reaction is carried out at mild temperatures (0 and 30 °C) in a two-phase reaction.
Hydrofluoric acid
Dichloroacetic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Tetrachlorodecaoxide
Benzoyl peroxide
Denatured alcohol
Perchloryl fluoride
Diiodohydroxyquinoline