Because renal excretion is the primary means of eliminating acid from the body, there is consequently a tendency towards acidemia. This leads to the clinical features of<unk> : * Normal anion gap metabolic<unk> /acidemia * Hypokalemia * Urinary stone formation (related to alkaline urine, hypercalciuria, and low urinary citrate). * Nephrocalcinosis (deposition of calcium in the substance of the kidney) * Bone demineralisation (causing rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults) The symptoms and sequelae of<unk>  are variable and range from being completely asymptomatic, to loin pain and hematuria from kidney stones, to failure to thrive and severe rickets in childhood forms as well as possible renal failure and even death.<unk>  commonly leads to sodium loss and volume contraction, which causes a compensatory increase in blood levels of aldosterone. Aldosterone causes increased resorption of sodium and loss of potassium in the collecting duct of the kidney, so these increased aldosterone levels cause the hypokalemia which is a common symptom of<unk> .
Distal renal tubular acidosis
Renal tubular acidosis
Proximal renal tubular acidosis
Isotonic hyponatremia
Hypotonic hyponatremia
Hyperchloremic acidosis
Cystinuria
Hyperosmolar syndrome