The most common causes for hemoptysis in adults are chest infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia. In children, hemoptysis is commonly caused by the presence of a foreign body in the airway. Other common causes include lung cancers and tuberculosis. Less common causes include aspergilloma, bronchiectasis, coccidioidomycosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonic plague, and cystic fibrosis. Rarer causes include hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome), Goodpasture's syndrome, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. A rare cause of hemoptysis in women is endometriosis, which leads to intermittent hemoptysis coinciding with menstrual periods in 7% of women with thoracic endometriosis syndrome. Hemoptysis may be exacerbated or even caused by overtreatment with anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin. Blood-laced mucus from the sinus or nose area can sometimes be misidentified as symptomatic of hemoptysis (such secretions can be a sign of nasal or sinus cancer, but also a sinus infection). Extensive non-respiratory injury can also cause one to cough up blood. Cardiac causes like congestive heart failure and mitral stenosis should be ruled out.The origin of blood can be identified by observing its color. Bright-red, foamy blood comes from the respiratory tract, whereas dark-red, coffee-colored blood comes from the gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes hemoptysis may be rust-colored. * Lung cancer, including both non-small cell lung carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma. * Sarcoidosis * Aspergilloma * Tuberculosis * Histoplasmosis * Pneumonia * Pulmonary edema * Endometriosis and thoracic endometriosis syndrome * Foreign body aspiration and aspiration pneumonia * Goodpasture's syndrome * Microscopic polyangiitis * Granulomatosis with polyangiitis * Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis * Bronchitis * Bronchiectasis * Pulmonary embolism * Anticoagulant use * Trauma * Lung abscess * Mitral stenosis * Tropical eosinophilia * Bleeding disorders * Hughes-Stovin syndrome and other variants of Behçet's disease * Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
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