Resuscitative equipment, monitoring and personnel must be immediately available prior to performance of this block. The<unk>  is performed with the patient either seated or supine and looking straight ahead. The head should be maintained in a neutral position. A needle (22-27 Gauge, 3 cm long) is inserted at the inferolateral border of the bony orbit and directed straight back until it has passed the equator of the globe. It is then directed medially and cephalad toward the apex of the orbit. Occasionally a 'pop' is felt as the needle tip passes through the muscle cone delineating the<unk>  space. Following a negative aspiration for blood, 2-4mls of local anesthetic solution is injected and the needle is withdrawn. 2% Lidocaine (Xylocaine) and 0.5% to 0.75% bupivicaine (Marcaine) are two commonly used agents. Epinephrine, commonly mixed in with local anesthetics for vasoconstriction, is not used in seeing eyes as this can cause a central retinal artery occlusion. An enzyme, hyaluronidase, is frequently a component of the anaesthetic solution, as it accelerates and improves dispersal of the agent. Akinesia and anesthesia quickly ensue within minutes with a successful<unk>  injection.<unk>  can be used successfully for corneal transplantation but may require a supplemental facial nerve block.<unk>  can block levator palpebrae muscle but not orbicularis oculi. Several techniques for facial nerve block can be used in conjunction with<unk> .
Retrobulbar block
Occipital nerve block
Baroreflex activation therapy
Brachial plexus block
Sympathectomy
Nerve induction
Non-invasive cerebellar stimulation
Commissurotomy