Fever<unk>  is a drug of choice for reducing fever. However, there has been a lack of research on its antipyretic properties,<unk> ticularly, in adults. The most recent review on<unk>  and management of fever in the general practice (2008) argued that its benefits are unclear. Additionally, when taken for the common cold<unk>  may relieve stuffed or runny nose but not other cold symptoms such as sore throat, malaise, sneezing and cough; this data, however, is of low quality. For patients in critical care,<unk>  decreased body temperature by only 0.20.3°C more than control interventions; there was no difference in mortality. It did not change the outcome in febrile patients with stroke. The results are contradictory for<unk>  use in sepsis: higher mortality, lower mortality, and no change in mortality were all reported.<unk>  offered no benefit in the treatment of dengue fever and was accompanied by a higher rate of liver enzyme elevation: a sign of a potential liver damage. Overall, there is no support for a routine administration of antipyretic drugs, including<unk> , to hospitalized patients with fever and infection. The efficacy of<unk>  in children with fever is unclear.<unk>  should not be used solely with the aim of reducing body temperature; however, it may be considered for children with fever who appear distressed. It does not prevent febrile seizures and should not be used for that purpose. It appears that 0.2°C decrease of the body temperature in children after a standard dose of<unk>  is of questionable value,<unk> ticularly in emergency situations. Based on this, some physicians advocate using higher doses that may decrease the temperature by as much as 0.7°C. Meta-analyses showed that<unk>  is less effective than ibuprofen in children (marginally less effective, according to another analysis), including children younger than 2 years old, with equivalent safety. Exacerbation of asthma occurs with similar frequency for both medications. Giving<unk>  and ibuprofen together at the same time to children under 5 is not recommended, however doses may be alternated if required. Pain<unk>  is used for the relief of mild to moderate pain such as headache, muscle aches, minor arthritis pain, toothache as well as pain caused by cold, flu, sprains, and dysmenorrhea. It is recommended, in<unk> ticular, for acute mild to moderate pain, since the evidence for the treatment of chronic pain is insufficient. Musculoskeletal pain The benefits of<unk>  in musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis and backache, are uncertain. It appears to provide only small and not clinically important benefits in osteoarthritis. American College of Rheumatology and Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis notes that the effect size in clinical trials of<unk>  has been very small, which suggests that for most individuals it is ineffective. The guideline conditionally recommends<unk>  for short-term and episodic use to those who do not tolerate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For people taking it regularly, monitoring for liver toxicity is required. Essentially the same recommendation was issued by EULAR for hand osteoarthritis. Similarly, European algorithm ESCEO for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis recommends limiting the of use<unk>  to short-term rescue analgesia only.<unk>  is ineffective for acute low back pain. No randomized clinical trials evaluated its use for chronic or radicular back pain, and the evidence in favor of<unk>  is lacking. Headaches<unk>  is effective for acute migraine: 39% of people experience pain relief at one hour compared with 20% in the control group. The aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine combination also "has strong evidence of effectiveness and can be used as a first-line treatment for migraine." The German, Austrian, and Swiss headache societies and the German Society of Neurology recommend the combination as a "highlighted" one for self-medication of migraine, and<unk>  alone as a first choice.<unk>  on its own only slightly alleviates episodic tension headache in frequent sufferers. However, the aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine combination is superior to both<unk>  alone and placebo and offers meaningful relief of tension headache: 2 hours after administering the medication, 29% of those who took the combination were pain free as compared with 21% on<unk>  and 18% on placebo. The German, Austrian, and Swiss headache societies and the German Society of Neurology recommend this combination as a "highlighted" one for self-medication of tension headache, with<unk> /caffeine combination being a "remedy of first choice", and<unk>  a "remedy of second choice". Dental and other post-surgical pain Pain after a dental surgery provides a reliable model for the action of analgesics on other kinds of acute pain. For the relief of such pain,<unk>  is inferior to ibuprofen. Full therapeutic doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen, naproxen or diclofenac are clearly more efficacious than the<unk> /codeine combination which is frequently prescribed for dental pain. The combinations of<unk>  and NSAIDs ibuprofen or diclofenac are promising, possibly offering better pain control than either<unk>  or the NSAID alone. Additionally, the<unk> /ibuprofen combination may be superior to<unk> /codeine and ibuprofen/codeine combinations. A meta-analysis of general post-surgical pain, which included dental and other surgery, showed the<unk> /codeine combination to be more effective than<unk>  alone: it provided significant pain relief to as much as 53% of the<unk> ticipants, while the placebo helped only 7%. Other pain<unk>  fails to relieve procedural pain in newborn babies. For perineal pain postpartum<unk>  appears to be less effective than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The studies to support or refute the use of<unk>  for cancer pain and for neuropathic pain are lacking. There is limited evidence in favor of the use of the intravenous form of<unk>  for acute pain control in the emergency department. The combination of<unk>  with caffeine is superior to<unk>  alone for the treatment of acute pain. Patent ductus arteriosus<unk>  helps ductal closure in patent ductus arteriosus. It is as effective for this purpose as ibuprofen or indomethacin, but results in a less frequent gastrointestinal bleeding than ibuprofen.
Paracetamol
Ketoprofen
Ibuprofen
Ketorolac
Meloxicam
Lornoxicam
Etodolac
Loxoprofen