A Sgarlato's angle of more than 15° indicates<unk> .<unk>  can be diagnosed by physical examination alone. This can classify the deformity into "flexible", when the foot can be straightened by hand, or otherwise "nonflexible". Still, X-rays are often done in the case of nonflexible<unk> . On X-ray, the severity of the condition can be measured with a "metatarsus adductus angle", which is the angle between the directions of the metatarsal bones, as compared to the lesser tarsus (the cuneiforms, the cuboid and the navicular bone). Many variants of this measurement exist, but Sgarlato's angle has been found to at least have favorable correlation with other measurements. Sgarlato's angle is defined as the angle between: *A line through the longitudinal axis of the second metatarsal bone. *The longitudinal axis of the lesser tarsal bones. For this purpose, one line is drawn between the lateral limits of the fourth tarsometatarsal joint and the calcaneocuboid joint, and another line is drawn between the medial limits of the talonavicular joint and the 1st tarsometatarsal joint. The transverse axis is defined as going through the middle of those lines, and hence the longitudinal axis is perpendicular to this axis. This angle is normally up to 15°, and an increased angle indicates<unk> . Yet, it becomes more difficult to infer the locations of the joints in younger children due to incomplete ossification of the bones, especially when younger than 3–4 years. Internal Tibial Torsion Internal tibial torsion is diagnosed by physical exam. The principle clinical exam is an assessment of the thigh-foot angle. The affected individual is placed in prone position with the knees flexed to 90 degrees. An imaginary line is drawn along the longitudinal axis of the thigh, and of the sole of the foot from a birds-eye view and the angle at the intersection of these two lines is measured. A value greater than 10 degrees of internal rotation is considered internal tibial torsion. A thigh-foot angle less then 10 degrees internal, and up to 30 degrees of external rotation is considered normal. Femoral Anteversion Femoral anteversion is diagnosed by physical exam. The principle physical exam maneuver is an assessment of hip mobility. The child is evaluated in the prone position with knees flexed to 90 degrees. Using the tibia as a lever arm the femur is rotated both internally and externally. A positive exam demonstrates internal rotation of greater than 70 degrees and external rotation reduced to less than 20 degrees. Normal values for internal rotation are between 20 and 60 degrees and normal values for external rotation are between 30 and 60 degrees.
Pigeon toe
Clubfoot
Trigger finger
Pincer nail
Jersey finger
Trench foot
Hammer toe
Jammed finger