Classification There are several kinds of<unk>  (ICD-10 codes are provided): * Postural<unk>  (M40.0), the most common type, normally attributed to slouching, can occur in both the old and the young. In the young, it can be called "slouching" and is reversible by correcting muscular imbalances. In the old, it may be a case of hyperkyphosis and called "dowager's hump". About one third of the most severe hyperkyphosis cases in older people have vertebral fractures. Otherwise, the aging body does tend towards a loss of musculoskeletal integrity, and hyperkyphosis can develop due to aging alone. * Scheuermann's<unk>  (M42.0) is significantly worse cosmetically and can cause varying degrees of pain, and can also affect different areas of the spine (the most common being the midthoracic area). Scheuermann's<unk>  is considered a form of juvenile osteochondrosis of the spine and is more commonly called Scheuermann's disease. It is found mostly in teenagers and presents a significantly worse deformity than postural<unk> . A patient suffering from Scheuermann's<unk>  cannot consciously correct posture. The apex of the curve, located in the thoracic vertebrae, is quite rigid. The patient may feel pain at this apex, which can be aggravated by physical activity and by long periods of standing or sitting. This can have a significantly detrimental effect on their lives, as their level of activity is curbed by their condition; they may feel isolated or uneasy amongst peers if they are children, depending on the level of deformity. Whereas in postural<unk> , the vertebrae and discs appear normal, in Scheuermann's<unk> , they are irregular, often herniated, and wedge-shaped over at least three adjacent levels. Fatigue is a very common symptom, most likely because of the intense muscle work that has to be put into standing or sitting properly. The condition appears to run in families. Most patients who undergo surgery to correct their<unk>  have Scheuermann's disease. * Congenital<unk>  (Q76.4) can result in infants whose spinal column has not developed correctly in the womb. Vertebrae may be malformed or fused together and can cause further progressive<unk>  as the child develops. Surgical treatment may be necessary at a very early stage and can help maintain a normal curve in coordination with consistent follow-ups to monitor changes. However, the decision to carry out the procedure can be very difficult due to the potential risks to the child. A congenital<unk>  can also suddenly appear in the teenage years, more commonly in children with cerebral palsy and other neurological disorders. * Nutritional<unk>  can result from nutritional deficiencies, especially during childhood, such as vitamin D deficiency (producing rickets), which softens bones and results in the curving of the spine and limbs under the child's body weight. * Gibbus deformity is a form of structural<unk> , often a sequela to tuberculosis. * Post-traumatic<unk>  (M84.0) can arise from untreated or ineffectively treated vertebral fractures. Grading Sagittal balance measurement.<unk>  can be graded in severity by the Cobb angle. Also, sagittal balance can be measured. The sagittal balance is the horizontal distance between the center of C7 and the superior-posterior border of the endplate of S1 on a lateral radiograph.
Kyphosis
Protothecosis
Sycosis
Botryomycosis
Invasive candidiasis
Black rot 
Tomato fever
Otomycosis