They are mainly observed in the Plummer–Vinson syndrome, which is associated with chronic iron deficiency anemia. One in 10 patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome will eventually develop squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, but it is unclear if<unk> s in and of themselves are a risk factor.<unk> s are associated with bullous diseases (such as epidermolysis bullosa, pemphigus, and bullous pemphigoid), with graft versus host disease involving the esophagus, and with celiac disease.<unk> s are more common in white individuals and in women (with a ratio of 2:1). The literature describes relations between these<unk> s and Plummer-Vinson Syndrome, bullous dermatologic disorders, inlet patch, graft-versus-host disease and celiac disease. The postulated mechanisms are sideropenic anemia (mechanism unknown) or some interference of the immune system.<unk> s can be ruptured during upper endoscopy.
Esophageal web
Nutcracker esophagus
Esophageal achalasia
Esophageal stricture
Megaesophagus
Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
Magic string 
Barrett's esophagus