Bereavement, while a normal part of life, carries a degree of risk when severe. Severe reactions affect approximately 10% to 15% of people. Severe reactions mainly occur in people with depression present before the loss event. Severe<unk>  reactions may carry over into family relations. Some researchers have found an increased risk of marital breakup following the death of a child, for example. Others have found no increase. John James, author of the<unk>  Recovery Handbook and founder of the<unk>  Recovery Institute, reported that his marriage broke up after the death of his infant son. Health risks Many studies have looked at the bereaved in terms of increased risks for stress-related illnesses. Colin Murray Parkes in the 1960s and 1970s in England noted increased doctor visits, with symptoms such as abdominal pain, breathing difficulties, and so forth in the first six months following a death. Others have noted increased mortality rates (Ward, A.W. 1976) and Bunch et al. found a five times greater risk of suicide in teens following the death of a parent. Bereavement also increases the risk of heart attack. Complicated<unk>  Prolonged<unk>  disorder (PGD), formerly known as complicated<unk>  disorder (CGD), is a pathological reaction to loss representing a cluster of empirically derived symptoms that have been associated with long-term physical and psycho-social dysfunction. Individuals with PGD experience severe<unk>  symptoms for at least six months and are stuck in a maladaptive state. An attempt is being made to create a diagnosis category for complicated<unk>  in the DSM-5. It is currently an "area for further study" in the DSM, under the name Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder. Critics of including the diagnosis of complicated<unk>  in the DSM-5 say that doing so will constitute characterizing a natural response as a pathology, and will result in wholesale medicating of people who are essentially normal. Shear and colleagues found an effective treatment for complicated<unk> , by treating the reactions in the same way as trauma reactions. Complicated<unk>  is not synonymous with<unk> . Complicated<unk>  is characterised by an extended<unk> ing period and other criteria, including mental and physical impairments. An important part of understanding complicated<unk>  is understanding how the symptoms differ from normal<unk> . The Mayo Clinic states that with normal<unk>  the feelings of loss are evident. When the reaction turns into complicated<unk> , however, the feelings of loss become incapacitating and continue even though time passes. The signs and symptoms characteristic of complicated<unk>  are listed as "extreme focus on the loss and reminders of the loved one, intense longing or pining for the deceased, problems accepting the death, numbness or detachment ... bitterness about your loss, inability to enjoy life, depression or deep sadness, trouble carrying out normal routines, withdrawing from social activities, feeling that life holds no meaning or purpose, irritability or agitation, lack of trust in others". The symptoms seen in complicated<unk>  are specific because the symptoms seem to be a combination of the symptoms found in separation as well as traumatic distress. They are also considered to be complicated because, unlike normal<unk> , these symptoms will continue regardless of the amount of time that has passed and despite treatment given from tricyclic antidepressants. Individuals with complicated<unk>  symptoms are likely to have other mental disorders such as PTSD (post traumatic syndrome disorder), depression, anxiety, etc. An article by the NEJM (The New England Journal of Medicine) states complicated<unk>  cases are multifactorial, and that complicated<unk>  is distinguished from major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Evidence shows that complicated<unk>  is a more severe and prolonged version of acute<unk>  than a completely different type of<unk> . While only affecting 2 to 3% of people in the world, complicated<unk>  is usually contracted when a loved one passes away suddenly and in a violent way. In the study "Bereavement and Late-Life Depression:<unk>  and its Complications in the Elderly" six subjects with symptoms of complicated<unk>  were given a dose of Paroxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, and showed a 50% decrease in their symptoms within a three-month period. The Mental Health Clinical Research team theorizes that the symptoms of complicated<unk>  in bereaved elderly are an alternative of post-traumatic stress. These symptoms were correlated with cancer, hypertension, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, increased smoking, and sleep impairments at around six months after spousal death. A treatment that has been found beneficial in dealing with the symptoms associated with complicated<unk>  is the use of serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors such as Paroxetine. These inhibitors have been found to reduce intrusive thoughts, avoidant behaviors, and hyperarousal that are associated with complicated<unk> . In addition psychotherapy techniques are in the process of being developed. Disenfranchised<unk>  Disenfranchised<unk>  is a term describing<unk>  that is not acknowledged by society. Examples of events leading to disenfranchised<unk>  are the death of a friend, the loss of a pet, a trauma in the family a generation prior, the loss of a home or place of residence particularly in the case of children, who generally have little or no control in such situations, and whose<unk>  may not be noticed or understood by caregivers. American military children and teens in particular move a great deal while growing up, an aborted or miscarried pregnancy, a parent's loss or surrender of a child to adoption, a child's loss of their birth parent to adoption, the death of a loved one due to a socially unacceptable cause such as suicide, or the death of a celebrity.
synonym of Grief
synonyms of Lethal midline granuloma
causes of Peanut allergy
Cunning folk in Britain
Neurotypical
causes of Gerstmann syndrome
causes of Japanese encephalitis
Old person smell