Patients with<unk>  do not report the same hair abnormalities.<unk>  is usually diagnosed after taking into consideration the physical examination, clinical history and a microscopic examination of the hairs of the patient. Some patients visit a dermatologist for diagnosis and to distinguish between<unk><unk>  hair syndrome and other conditions that it can be misdiagnosed for. A pull test is performed in order to diagnose a patient with<unk><unk>  hair syndrome as one of the characteristics of this hair condition is hair that is easily removed from the scalp. A group of around 40-60 hairs, that are attached to the scalp, is pulled in a clement manner. The patient will be diagnosed with<unk>  if great amounts of hair is detached from the head. If at least 50% of the hairs removed is at the<unk>  hair stage, the outcome of the pull test is positive. The detachment of only 4-6 hairs is considered a normal outcome, as approximately 10% of the hairs on the scalp are at the telogen stage. The removed<unk><unk>  hairs are not fragile and are of normal tensile strength. In an electron microscope image of a<unk><unk>  hair, deformities such as grooves, curls and ridges are visible in the hair shaft, which is made from keratin. A cross-sectional examination of a<unk><unk>  hair displays irregularity such as the shape of the hair being triangular rather than oval. The electron microscopy scanned image of the inner root sheath of a<unk><unk>  hair would exhibit ultrastructural changes. These changes are visible in the Huxley layer, Henle layer and the cuticle of the<unk><unk>  hair. An electron microscopy image of outer root sheath of an<unk><unk>  hair would display malformations and weak linkage in the cells within the epithelium of the outer root sheath. This irregularity within the outer root sheath of a<unk><unk>  hair is considered the most notable change when examining a<unk><unk>  hair under an electron microscope. In a histopathological examination, the different layers of the<unk><unk>  hair follicle will display a deficiency of clarity between the layers. This incoherence is also visible in a histological slide of the inner root sheath and of the outer root sheath. Biopsies are not necessary for the diagnosis of<unk><unk>  hair syndrome. A biopsy will display non-inflammatory, non-scarring alopecia. The texture of the hair varies with some reports stating that patients with<unk>  have hairs that are rough, brittle and sticky. This may be the result of the deformations of the hair shaft. These changes in texture limits the ability for adjacent<unk><unk>  hairs to rest flat on the scalp. The patient can have thinning and loss of hair around the whole scalp, at the occipital scalp or around the scalp in odd, irregular patches.<unk>  hairs at the occipital scalp can be knotted easily when there’s movement of those hairs against the pillow at night. There are 3 different types of<unk><unk>  hair syndrome.<unk>  type A is when the hair of the patient appears to be fine and thinly distributed. Patients with type A<unk>  experience a decrease in the density of their hairs. Patients diagnosed with type B<unk><unk>  hair syndrome tend to have hair that is difficult to manage and has a disordered, unruly appearance. Type C<unk>  is when the hair sheds but the appearance of their hair appears to be normal.<unk>  type A and B are more prevalent in children.<unk><unk>  hair syndrome type C is most frequently seen in adults. There is not specific treatment for each type of<unk> . It is also unknown as to how each type is developed. Differential diagnosis<unk>  can commonly be misdiagnosed for other skin and hair disorders such as short<unk>  syndrome, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, trichotillomania and toxic ingestion. Similar symptoms and signs appear in these conditions, however there are different aspects that distinguish each one from another. Short<unk>  syndrome and<unk>  are similar as both conditions lead to the inability to grow long hair and patients rarely need to get their hair cut. A difference between these two hair disorders is that in<unk>  there are dystrophic hairs which are absent in patients with short<unk>  syndrome. Patients with<unk>  may experience the thinning of their hair which is also a factor of alopecia areata. In order to distinguish between these two conditions, if dots, hairs with tapered roots or vellus hairs are visible in a microscopic examination of the skin this will lead to the diagnosis of alopecia areta rather than<unk> . Hair loss can lead to other symptoms and signs such as weight loss, behavioural changes, short temper, abdominal pain and problems with learning. These signs are also observed in children with toxic ingestion which is one of the differential diagnosis. A pull test is also used in the diagnosis of telogen effluvium. The hairs that are removed in a telogen effluvium pull test are telogen staged hairs instead of being at the<unk>  stage as seen in<unk><unk>  hair syndrome. Associated conditions<unk>  usually appears as an individual condition.<unk>  can be present with other conditions related to genetics or developmental conditions. Examples of these conditions include; Coloboma, Noonan syndrome, Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, EEC (ectrodactyly- ectodermal dysplasia-clefting) syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome, Trichotillomania, Nail-patella syndrome and Woolly hair.<unk><unk>  hair syndrome has also been associated with AIDS. Alopecia areata patients can also develop<unk> .
Loose anagen syndrome
Ortner's syndrome
Meige's syndrome
FG syndrome
Sugarman syndrome
Omenn syndrome
Gardner's syndrome
Angelman syndrome