<unk>  or compassionate use is the use of an unapproved drug or medical device under special forms of investigational new drug applications (IND) or IDE application for devices, outside of a clinical trial, by people with serious or life-threatening conditions who do not meet the enrollment criteria for the clinical trial in progress. These programs go under various names, including early<unk> , special<unk> , or managed<unk>  program, compassionate use, compassionate<unk> , named-patient<unk> , temporary authorization for use, cohort<unk> , and pre-approval<unk> . In general the person and their doctor must apply for<unk>  to the investigational product, the company has to choose to cooperate, and the medicines regulatory agency needs to agree that the risks and possible benefits of the drug or device are understood well enough to determine if putting the person at risk has sufficient potential benefit. In some countries the government will pay for the drug or device, but in many countries the person must pay for the drug or device, as well as medical services necessary to receive it. In the US, compassionate use started with the provision of investigational medicine to certain patients in the late 1970s, and a formal program was established in 1987 in response to HIV/AIDS patients requesting<unk>  to drugs in development. An important legal case was Abigail Alliance v. von Eschenbach, in which the Abigail Alliance, a group that advocates for<unk>  to investigational drugs for people who are terminally ill, tried to establish such<unk>  as a legal right. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case, effectively upholding previous cases that have maintained that there is not a constitutional right to unapproved medical products.
Expanded access
Minimized extracorporeal circulation
Advanced cardiac life support
Basic life support
Advanced life support
Perfusion
Infiltration analgesia
Infusion therapy