NSAIDs The most common signs of NSAIDs overdose are nausea, vomiting, blurred vision and drowsiness. NSAIDs toxicity can be reversed by gastric lavage. In severe cases, NSAIDs toxicity can lead to the following clinical conditions. Central Nervous System (CNS) toxicity Manifestation of nystagmus NSAIDs overdose can lead to acute central nervous system toxicity. It can create CNS effects ranging from drowsiness to coma. Other symptoms such as ataxia, nystagmus, headaches, seizure, and disorientation are also the reported manifestations of CNS toxicity. Acid- Base abnormalities A large dose of NSAIDs, particularly ibuprofen, naproxen can lead to metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis can further deteriorate into cardiac arrhythmia and electrolyte imbalance which can be fatal. Glucocorticoids The overdose of glucocorticoids exacerbate its side effects. Most of the toxicities induced can be reversed by discontinuing the therapy. Cushing's Syndrome A high dose of glucocorticoids suppress the release of corticotropin from the pituitary, leading to Cushing's Syndrome. The symptoms are weight gain on the upper back and the area between shoulders, thinning of arms and legs, and moon face. 262x262px Weakening the immune system High- dose glucocorticoids increase the risk of patients’ infection by bacteria, virus and fungus. The cells involved in the immune system are mainly phagocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, B cells, T cells, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells. Glucocorticoids significantly reduce the production of these cells in the human body, thereby weakening the immune system.
Prostaglandin inhibitors
Lipase inhibitors
COX-2 inhibitor
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Antiandrogen
Proton-pump inhibitor
Antiplatelet drug
Thyroid blocker