While the exact cause of<unk><unk> s remains uncertain, there are a few theories that may explain the prevalence of these illnesses in<unk> . Some of these possible explanations include effects of hormonal changes and sex chromosomes. Many genes that are involved in the immune response reside on the X chromosome for which females have two copies whereas males only have one. Normally the expression of X chromosome genes is randomly suppressed on one of the two copies in females in order to compensate for the extra copy of these genes. Incomplete suppression of the extra copies of these genes may lead to overexpression of some genes involved in the immune response resutling in a more robust immune response and an increased risk of developing<unk><unk> s. Significant hormonal changes are seen in stages like puberty, pregnancy and menopause. The immune system is largely influenced by sex hormones. Estrogen is particularly important because it influences gene expression and how our cells work. In<unk> , pregnancy is very important to consider when discussing<unk><unk> . During pregnancy, the hormone estrogen spikes; additionally, hormonal fluctuations may continue long after childbirth. These changes could trigger, improve or even worsen an<unk><unk> . In addition to estrogen, other hormones like progesterone and prolactin may trigger these illnesses. The mother's immune system tends to be suppressed during pregnancy, to prevent fetal rejection from foreign antibodies in the fetus. As stated before, pregnancy causes an increase of estrogen in the female body. The increase of this hormone weakens the functioning of immune cells, thus debilitating the mother's immune system. In addition, it is possible that fetal cells continue to circulate in the mother's body for years after childbirth, making it a possible trigger for<unk><unk> . Sex hormones and chromosomes ultimately go hand in hand because genes are exhibited via sex chromosomes; by the same token, genes are influenced by sex hormones. Because the hormone estrogen plays such a significant role in human physiology, it is potentially a reason for why<unk>  are much more susceptible to<unk><unk> s. It is important to consider that<unk><unk> s may be genetic; thus, some individuals exhibit genes that indicate a higher susceptibility of developing these illnesses. Antibodies It is possible that female susceptibility to<unk><unk>  may be understood through antibody function; furthermore, this theory attempts to explain the sex bias in<unk><unk> s. Since<unk>  have a greater amount of serum immunoglobulins, it is possible that this causes more antibody production and B-cell activation. Antibodies typically occur in response to antigens, to strengthen people's immune defense. During pregnancy, the greater number of antibodies protect the mother and her baby. In the case where there are excess antibodies, this may cause an overactive immune system. In addition,<unk>  have a greater number of autoantibodies, which are found in individuals with<unk><unk> s. This may explain why these illnesses are much more prevalent in the female population. It is important to remember that there is still no concrete answer.
Autoimmune disease in women
Thyroid disease in women
Cardiovascular disease in women
Risk factors for breast cancer
High-risk pregnancy
Dermatoses of pregnancy
Ergogenic use of anabolic steroids
complications of Sexually transmitted infection