The cause of<unk>  is unknown. A number of, as yet unproven, hypotheses are suggested for why it might occur, including: delay in the maturity of the central nervous system, increased slow wave sleep, sleep deprivation, fever, and excessive tiredness. There may be a genetic component to<unk> . One study found that<unk>  occurred in 45% of children who have one parent who sleepwalked, and in 60% of children if both parents sleepwalked. Thus, heritable factors may predispose an individual to<unk> , but expression of the behavior may also be influenced by environmental factors. Genetic studies using common fruit flies as experimental models reveal a link between night sleep and brain development mediated by evolutionary conserved transcription factors such as AP-2<unk>  may be inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder with reduced penetrance. Genome-wide multipoint parametric linkage analysis for<unk>  revealed a maximum logarithm of the odds score of 3.14 at chromosome 20q12-q13.12 between 55.6 and 61.4 cM.<unk>  has been hypothesized to be linked to the neurotransmitter serotonin, which also appears to be metabolized differently in migraine patients and people with Tourette syndrome, both populations being four to nine times more likely to experience an episode of<unk> . Hormonal fluctuations have been found to contribute to<unk>  episodes in women, with the likeliness to sleepwalk being higher before the onset of menstruation. It also appears that hormonal changes during pregnancy decrease the likelihood of engaging in<unk>  Medications, primarily in four classes—benzodiazepine receptor agonists and other GABA modulators, antidepressants and other serotonergic agents, antipsychotics, and β-blockers— have been associated with<unk> . The best evidence of medications causing<unk>  is for Zolpidem and sodium oxybate; all other reports are based on associations noted in case reports. A number of conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, are thought to trigger<unk>  in people without a previous history of<unk> .
Sleepwalking
Hiccup
Sundowning
Hypersomnia
Insomnia
Kussmaul breathing
Parasomnia
Snoring