The syndrome is frequently noticed first in children around six months of age by their photophobic activity or their nystagmus. The nystagmus becomes less noticeable with age but the other symptoms of the syndrome become more relevant as school age approaches. Visual acuity and stability of the eye motions generally improve during the first six to seven years of life – but remain near 20/200. The congenital forms of the condition are considered stationary and do not worsen with age. The five symptoms associated with<unk>  or dyschromatopsia are: #<unk>  # Amblyopia – reduced visual acuity # Hemeralopia – with the subject exhibiting photophobia # Nystagmus # Iris operating abnormalities The syndrome of<unk>  or dyschromatopsia is poorly described in current medical and neuro-ophthalmological texts. It became a common term following the release of neuroscientist Oliver Sacks' book, The Island of the Colorblind, in 1997. Up to that time most color blind subjects were described as achromats or achromatopes. Those with a lesser degree of color perception abnormality were described as either protanopes, deuteranopes or tetartanopes – historically tritanopes.<unk>  has also been called rod monochromacy and total congenital color blindness. Individuals with the congenital form of this condition show complete absence of cone cell activity via electroretinography at high light levels. There are at least four genetic causes of congenital<unk> , two of which involve cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (ACHM2, ACHM3), a third involves the cone photoreceptor transducin (GNAT2, ACHM4), and the last remains unknown. Complete<unk>  Aside from a complete inability to see color, individuals with complete<unk>  have a number of other ophthalmologic aberrations. Included among these optical aberrations are greatly decreased visual acuity (<0.1 or 20 in daylight, hemeralopia, nystagmus, and severe photophobia). The fundus of the eye appears completely normal. Incomplete<unk>  In general, symptoms of incomplete<unk>  (dyschromatopsia) are similar to those of complete<unk>  except in a diminished form. Individuals with incomplete<unk>  have reduced visual acuity with or without nystagmus or photophobia. Furthermore, these individuals show only partial impairment of cone cell function but again have retained rod cell function.
Achromatopsia
Cerebral polyopia
Ocular dysmetria
Macropsia
Xanthopsia
Oscillopsia
Akinetopsia
Cyanopsia