Several forms of psychosocial treatments can be used in<unk>  including Dialectical behavior therapy. Psychiatric and personality disorders are common in individuals who<unk>  and as a result<unk>  may be an indicator of depression and/or other psychological problems. Many people who<unk>  have moderate or severe depression and therefore treatment with antidepressant medications may often be used. There is tentative evidence for the medication flupentixol; however, greater study is required before it can be recommended. Therapy Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) is a well-established treatment for<unk> -injurious behavior in youth and probably useful for decreasing the risk of non suicidal<unk>  injury. Several other treatments including integrated CBT (I-CBT), attachment-based family therapy (ABFT), resourceful adolescent parent program (RAP-P), intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents (IPT-A-IN), mentalization-based treatment for adolescents (MBT-A), and integrated family therapy are probably efficacious. Cognitive behavioral therapy may also be used to assist those with Axis I diagnoses, such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can be successful for those individuals exhibiting a personality disorder, and could potentially be used for those with other mental disorders who exhibit<unk> ing behavior. Diagnosis and treatment of the causes of<unk>  is thought by many to be the best approach to treating<unk> . But in some cases, particularly in people with a personality disorder, this is not very effective, so more clinicians are starting to take a DBT approach in order to reduce the behavior itself. People who rely on habitual<unk>  are sometimes hospitalized, based on their stability, their ability and especially their willingness to get help. In adolescents multisystem therapy shows promise. Pharmacotherapy has not been tested as a treatment for adolescents who<unk> ed. A meta-analysis found that psychological therapy is effective in reducing<unk> . The proportion of the adolescents who<unk> ed over the follow-up period was lower in the intervention groups (28%) than in controls (33%). Psychological therapies with the largest effect sizes were dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and mentalization-based therapy (MBT). In individuals with developmental disabilities, occurrence of<unk>  is often demonstrated to be related to its effects on the environment, such as obtaining attention or desired materials or escaping demands. As developmentally disabled individuals often have communication or social deficits,<unk>  may be their way of obtaining these things which they are otherwise unable to obtain in a socially appropriate way (such as by asking). One approach for treating<unk>  thus is to teach an alternative, appropriate response which obtains the same result as the<unk> . Avoidance techniques Generating alternative behaviors that the person can engage in instead of<unk>  is one successful behavioral method that is employed to avoid<unk> . Techniques, aimed at keeping busy, may include journaling, taking a walk, participating in sports or exercise or being around friends when the person has the urge to<unk>  themselves. The removal of objects used for<unk>  from easy reach is also helpful for resisting<unk> ing urges. The provision of a card that allows the person to make emergency contact with counselling services should the urge to<unk>  arise may also help prevent the act of<unk> . Alternative and safer methods of<unk>  that do not lead to permanent damage, for example the snapping of a rubber band on the wrist, may also help calm the urge to<unk> . Using biofeedback may help raise<unk> -awareness of certain pre-occupations or particular mental state or mood that precede bouts of<unk> ing behavior, and help identify techniques to avoid those pre-occupations before they lead to<unk> . Any avoidance or coping strategy must be appropriate to the individual's motivation and reason for<unk> ing.
Self-harm
Physical abuse
Bullying in medicine
Bullying and suicide
Copycat suicide
Bullying
Night terror
Assisted suicide