One characteristic of a minority of<unk>  deliveries is the turtle sign, which involves the appearance and retraction of the baby's head (analogous to a turtle withdrawing into its shell), and a red, puffy face. This occurs when the baby's<unk>  is obstructed by the maternal pelvis. Complications Fracture of both clavicles as a result of<unk>  (top) – Post healing (bottom) One complication of<unk>  is damage to the upper brachial plexus nerves. These supply the sensory and motor components of the<unk> , arm, and hands. The ventral roots (motor pathway) are most prone to injury. The cause of injury to the baby is debated, but a probable mechanism is manual stretching of the nerves, which in itself can cause injury. Excess tension may physically tear the nerve roots out from the neonatal spinal column, resulting in total dysfunction. Possible complications include: * Neonatal complications: * Klumpke paralysis * Erb's palsy * Hypoxia * Death * Cerebral palsy * Maternal complications: * Postpartum bleeding (11%) * Perineal lacerations that extend into the anal sphincter * Pubic symphysis separation * Neuropathy of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve * Uterine rupture
Shoulder dystocia
Back labor
Asynclitic birth
Liber pantegni
Cervical dislocation
Shaken baby syndrome
Traumatic asphyxia
Neo-Hippocratism