<unk>  <unk>  is a form of white-matter brain injury, characterized by the necrosis (more often coagulation) of white matter near the lateral ventricles. It can affect newborns and (less commonly) fetuses; premature infants are at the greatest risk of neonatal encephalopathy which may lead to this condition. Affected individuals generally exhibit motor control problems or other developmental delays, and they often develop cerebral palsy or epilepsy later in life. The white matter in preterm born children is particularly vulnerable during the third trimester of pregnancy when white matter developing takes place and the myelination process starts around 30 weeks of gestational age. This pathology of the brain was described under various names ("encephalodystrophy", "ischemic necrosis",<unk>  infarction", "coagulation necrosis",<unk> ," "softening of the brain", "infarct<unk>  white matter", "necrosis of white matter", "diffuse symmetrical<unk>  leukoencephalopathy"), and more often by German scientists, but the worldwide dissemination was the term<unk> , introduced in 1962 B. A. Banker and J. C. Larroche. The term can be misleading, as there is no softening of the tissue in<unk> . V. V. Vlasyuk and V. P. Tumanov in 1985 published the world's first monograph devoted to<unk> . Vlasyuk (1981) first revealed the high incidence of optic radiation lesions and demonstrated that<unk>  - a persistent process that the old necrosis can join a new, foci of<unk>  may be at different stages of development. In the process of morphogenesis focuses<unk>  pass through three stages: 1) necrosis, 2) resorption, and 3) the formation gliosis scars or cysts. Cysts occur when large and confluent focuses of<unk> , with mixed necrosis (kollikvacia in the center and coagulation rim at the periphery). Around the foci is generally defined area of other lesions of the brain white matter - the death of prooligodendrocytes, proliferation mikrogliocytes and astrocytes, swelling, bleeding, loss of capillaries, and others (the so-called "diffuse component<unk> "). However, diffuse lesions without necrosis are not<unk> .
Periventricular leukomalacia
Hemicrania continua
Gray matter heterotopia
Schizencephaly
Dandy–Walker malformation
Intracranial dolichoectasias
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Neonatal encephalopathy