Fewer than 100 cases of<unk>  have been published worldwide. Petrozzi reported the first case of<unk>  in the United States in 1970.<unk>  is believed to be more common than suspected, as studies have shown that milder forms of the disease are not being recognized as<unk> . The pathophysiology is still unclear, with most cases occurring sporadically, although rare cases were reported in families. Studies indicated the primary involvement of capillaries, venules and veins, and possibly also that of arterioles and lymphatics. Hypotheses that have been proposed include: environmental/external factors; peripheral neural dysfunction; failure of the development of mesodermic vessels in an early embryonic stage; autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and, finally, the theory of Happle.
Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita
Nevus comedonicus syndrome
Papular eruption of blacks
Prurigo simplex
Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens
Prurigo nodularis
Nevus anemicus
Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica