causes and the wide-ranging impacts of global warming and<unk><unk> . Some<unk>  act as feedbacks that intensify<unk><unk> . The<unk>  span the impacts on physical environment, ecosystems and human societies due to ongoing human-caused<unk><unk> . The future impact of<unk><unk>  depends on how much nations reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to<unk><unk> .<unk>  that scientists predicted in the past—loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves—are now occurring. The<unk> s in<unk>  are not expected to be uniform across the Earth. In particular, land areas<unk>  more quickly than oceans, and northern high latitudes<unk>  more quickly than the tropics. There are three major ways in which global warming will make<unk> s to regional<unk> : melting ice,<unk> ng the hydrological cycle (of evaporation and precipitation) and<unk> ng currents in the oceans. Physical<unk> s include extreme weather, glacier retreat, sea level rise, declines in Arctic sea ice, and<unk> s in the timing of seasonal events (such as earlier spring flowering). Since 1970, the ocean has absorbed more than 90% of the excess heat in the<unk>  system. Even if global surface temperature is stabilized, sea levels will continue to rise and the ocean will continue to absorb excess heat from the atmosphere for many centuries. The uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is leading to ocean acidification.<unk><unk>  has degraded land by raising temperatures, drying soils and increasing wildfire risk. Recent warming has strongly affected natural biological systems. Species worldwide are migrating poleward to colder areas. On land, species move to higher elevations, whereas marine species find colder water at greater depths. Between 1% and 50% of species on land were assessed to be at substantially higher risk of extinction due to<unk><unk> . Coral reefs and shellfish are vulnerable to the combined threat of ocean warming and acidification. Food security and access to fresh water are at risk due to rising temperatures.<unk><unk>  has profound impacts on human health, directly via heat stress and indirectly via the spread of infectious diseases. The vulnerability and exposure of humans to<unk><unk>  varies from one economic sector to another and will have different impacts in different countries. Wealthy industrialised countries, which have emitted the most CO2, have more resources and so are the least vulnerable to global warming. Economic sectors that are likely to be affected include agriculture, fisheries, forestry, energy, insurance, financial services, tourism, and recreation. Some groups may be particularly at risk from<unk><unk> , such as the poor, women, children and indigenous peoples. These groups have much higher levels of vulnerability to environmental determinants of health, wealth and other factors. They also have much lower levels of capacity available for coping with environmental<unk> . This can result in environmental migration, especially in developing countries where people are directly dependent on land for food, feed, fibre, timber and energy.
Effects of climate change
Drug pollution
Human genetic enhancement
Noise pollution
Non-communicable disease
Aging-associated diseases
Viral pathogenesis
Computer-induced medical problems