There is a genetic predisposition, first-degree relatives have a great increase in the chance of VUR. The gene frequency is estimated to be 1:600. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children from 2 to 24 months presenting with a UTI should be investigated for VUR.
Reflux nephropathy
Analgesic nephropathy
IgA nephropathy
Contrast-induced nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Malarial nephropathy
Mesoamerican nephropathy
Shunt nephritis