People showing a sample of urine to the physician Constantine the African.<unk>  is the historical medical practice of visually examining a patient's urine for pus, blood, or other symptoms of disease. The first records of<unk>  as a method for determining symptoms of an illness date back to the 4th millennium BC, and became common practice in Classical Greece. Later reaching medical predominance during the Byzantine Era & High Middle Ages, the practice eventually was replaced with more accurate methods during the early modern period, with<unk>  being considered inadequate due to the lack of empirical evidence and higher standards of post-Renaissance medicine. In modern medicine, visual examination of a patient's urine may provide preliminary evidence for a diagnosis, but is generally limited to conditions that specifically affect the urinary system such as urinary tract infections, kidney and bladder issues, and liver failure. It is notable that pregnancy and diabetes are two diagnoses that<unk> , although out of favor with medical professionals, has a good rate of predicting.
Uroscopy
Ductoscopy
Cystography
Transrectal ultrasonography
Urinary cast
Cystometry
Suprapubic aspiration
Genitography