The most common treatment, which is cheap and widely available, is to apply a clear, bitter-tasting<unk>  polish to the<unk> s. Normally denatonium benzoate is used, the most bitter chemical compound known. The bitter flavor discourages the<unk>  habit. Behavioral therapy is beneficial when simpler measures are not effective. Habit Reversal Training (HRT), which seeks to unlearn the habit of<unk>  and possibly replace it with a more constructive habit, has shown its effectiveness versus placebo in children and adults. A study in children showed that results with HRT were superior to either no treatment at all or the manipulation of objects as an alternative behavior, which is another possible approach to treatment. In addition to HRT, stimulus control therapy is used to both identify and then eliminate the stimulus that frequently triggers<unk>  urges. Other behavioral techniques that have been investigated with preliminary positive results are self-help techniques, such as decoupling and the use of wristbands as non-removable reminders. More recently, technology companies have begun producing wearable devices and smart watch applications that track the position of users' hands but no research has been published so far. Another treatment for chronic<unk>  biters is the usage of a dental deterrent device that prevents the front teeth from damaging the<unk> s and the surrounding cuticles. After about two months, the device leads to a full oppression of the<unk>  urge. Evidence on the efficacy of drugs is very limited, and they are not routinely used. A small double-blind randomized clinical trial in children and adolescents indicated that N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione and glutamate modulator, could, in the short term only, be more effective than placebo in decreasing the<unk>  behavior.<unk>  cosmetics can help to ameliorate<unk>  social effects. Independently of the method used, parental education is useful in the case of young<unk>  biters to maximize the efficacy of the treatment programs, as some behaviors by the parents or other family members may be helping to perpetuate the problem. For example, punishments have been shown to be not better than placebo, and in some cases may even increase the<unk>  frequency.
Nail biting
Spider bite
Cat bite
Dog bite
Hand washing
Animal bite
Insect bites and stings
Needlestick injury