Overdose of<unk>  can sometimes be difficult to treat because of its multiple effects on the body.<unk>  tends to cause rapid unconsciousness at doses above 3500 mg, with single doses over 7000 mg often causing life-threatening respiratory depression, and higher doses still inducing bradycardia and cardiac arrest. Other side-effects include convulsions (especially when combined with stimulants), and nausea/vomiting (especially when combined with alcohol). The greatest life threat due to<unk>  overdose (with or without other substances) is respiratory arrest. Other relatively common causes of death due to<unk>  ingestion include aspiration of vomitus, positional asphyxia, and trauma sustained while intoxicated (e.g., motor vehicle accidents while driving under the influence of<unk> . The risk of aspiration pneumonia and positional asphyxia risk can be reduced by laying the patient down in the recovery position. People are most likely to vomit as they become unconscious, and as they wake up. It is important to keep the victim awake and moving; the victim must not be left alone due to the risk of death through vomiting. Frequently the victim will be in a good mood but this does not mean the victim is not in danger.<unk>  overdose is a medical emergency and immediate assessment in an emergency department is needed. Convulsions from<unk>  can be treated with the benzodiazepines diazepam or lorazepam. Even though these benzodiazepines are also CNS depressants, they primarily modulate GABAA receptors whereas<unk>  is primarily a GABAB receptor agonist, and so do not worsen CNS depression as much as might be expected. Because of the faster and more complete absorption of GBL relative to<unk> , its dose-response curve is steeper, and overdoses of GBL tend to be more dangerous and problematic than overdoses involving only<unk>  or 1,4-B. Any<unk> /GBL overdose is a medical emergency and should be cared for by appropriately trained personnel. A newer synthetic drug SCH-50911, which acts as a selective GABAB antagonist, quickly reverses<unk>  overdose in mice. However, this treatment has yet to be tried in humans, and it is unlikely that it will be researched for this purpose in humans due to the illegal nature of clinical trials of<unk>  and the lack of medical indemnity coverage inherent in using an untested treatment for a life-threatening overdose. Detection of use<unk>  may be quantitated in blood or plasma to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients, to provide evidence in an impaired driving, or to assist in a medicolegal death investigation. Blood or plasma<unk>  concentrations are usually in a range of 50–250 mg/L in persons receiving the drug therapeutically (during general anesthesia), 30–100 mg/L in those arrested for impaired driving, 50–500 mg/L in acutely intoxicated patients and 100–1000 mg/L in victims of fatal overdosage. Urine is often the preferred specimen for routine drug abuse monitoring purposes. Both γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol are converted to<unk>  in the body. In January 2016, it was announced scientists had developed a way to detect<unk> , among other things, in saliva.
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
Gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid
Choline
Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid
Phenylacetic acid
Butyric acid
Arachidonic acid
Glutamate 