Basal ganglia The basal ganglia are a collection of nuclei that connects to several other areas of the brain. Due to the diverse nuclei that they contain, the basal ganglia are involved in numerous functions, including motor control. It is within this structure that<unk>  primarily occurs in the brain. Subthalamic nucleus This structure within the basal ganglia innervates other structures, including a very important connection to the internal globus pallidus. The subthalamic nucleus essentially provides the excitement needed to drive the globus pallidus. Injury to this area or its efferent or afferent connections can induce this disorder contralateral to the side of the lesion. The structure itself is a regulator of motor function and is also involved in associative and limbic functions. It was traditionally thought that the disorder was only caused by injury to the subthalamic nucleus, but later studies have shown that damage to other basal ganglia regions can also be responsible for causing this disorder.<unk>  caused by lesions in the subthalamic nucleus is more severe than other forms of the disorder. Globus pallidus From recent studies, it is now thought that<unk>  can be associated with a decreased output of the globus pallidus. This is because studies have shown that firing rates decrease from 70/s to 40/s. In addition to a decreased firing rate, degenerative neurological disorders that cause patients to exhibit hemiballistic movements show a marked decrease in the globus pallidus mass as well. Increases in activity in this area causes there to be an inhibition of the motor thalamus. This causes cortical activation and thus a movement inhibition. In the case of<unk> , the opposite occurs, leading to the characteristic large, irregular movements. Putamen The putamen is also part of the basal ganglia and can be involved in<unk>  due to the fact that it projects to the premotor cortex through the globus pallidus. As a result, damage to this area can also cause hemiballistic movements to be seen as it is also part of the chain in movement. Caudate nucleus The caudate nucleus is the portion of the basal ganglia that helps control voluntary movement. Damage to this area can also result in<unk>  as it is directly related to voluntary movement. Cortical structures While the majority of damage that causes<unk>  occurs within the basal ganglia, there are still cases that have been documented on which damage to cortical structures has caused hemiballistic movements.
Hemiballismus
Hypoglossia
Hypophonia
Misophonia
Metamorphopsia
Copropraxia
Dysarthria
Tachylalia