<unk>  <unk>  is a congenital condition in which the optic<unk>  is underdeveloped (small). Many times, de Morsier’s Syndrome or septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is associated with<unk> , however, it is possible to have<unk>  without any additional issues like SOD. SOD is a condition that can involve multiple problems in the midline structures of the brain, stemming from miswiring of the brain and central<unk> us system. Besides having small optic<unk> s, persons with<unk>  can have agenesis of the corpus callosum, absence of the septum pellucidum, maldevelopment of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, and anomalies of the hypothalamus. Because of this, all children with<unk>  are at risk for developmental delays and hormonal deficiencies, regardless of severity of<unk> , or whether abnormalities are visible by MRI.<unk>  is the single leading cause of permanent legal blindness in children in the western world. The incidence of<unk>  is increasing, although it is difficult to estimate the true prevalence. Between 1980 and 1999, the occurrences of<unk>  in Sweden increased four-fold to 7.2 per 100,000, while all other causes of childhood blindness had declined. In 1997,<unk>  overtook retinopathy of prematurity as the single leading cause of infant blindness in Sweden, with 6.3 in every 100,000 births diagnosed with<unk> . The most recent prevalence report out of England in 2006 is 10.9 per 100,000.
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Septo-optic dysplasia
Macular hypoplasia
Cystic eyeball
Retinal dysplasia
Congenital cataract
Vitreous bulge
Post-lingual deafness