A<unk>  is a chemical or drug that inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase enzymes<unk> 1 and/or<unk> 2. They can be used to affect the MAPK/ERK pathway which is often overactive in some cancers. (See MAPK/ERK pathway#Clinical significance.) Hence<unk> s have potential for treatment of some cancers, especially BRAF-mutated melanoma, and KRAS/BRAF mutated colorectal cancer. Approved for clinical use== * Binimetinib <unk> 162), approved by the FDA in June 2018 in combination with encorafenib for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic BRAF V600E or V600K mutation-positive melanoma. * Cobimetinib or XL518, approved by US FDA in Nov 2015 for use in combination with vemurafenib (Zelboraf(R)), for treatment of advanced melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation. * Selumetinib, had a phase 2 clinical trial for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which demonstrated an improvement in PFS, and is now in phase III development in KRAS mutation positive NSCLC (SELECT-1, NCT01933932). Other ph 3 clinical trials underway include uveal melanoma (failed), and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. * Trametinib (GSK1120212), FDA-approved to treat BRAF-mutated melanoma. Also studied in combination with BRAF<unk>  dabrafenib to treat BRAF-mutated melanoma.
MEK inhibitor
CDK inhibitor
RET inhibitor
C-Met inhibitor
Histone deacetylase inhibitor
CXCR4 antagonist
Growth factor receptor inhibitor
TNF inhibitor