<unk> s <unk>  are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's culture. These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significant distress or disability. The definitions may vary somewhat, according to source, and remain a matter of controversy. Official criteria for diagnosing<unk> s are listed in the fifth chapter of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).<unk> , defined psychologically, is the set of enduring behavioral and mental traits that distinguish individual humans. Hence,<unk> s are defined by experiences and behaviors that deviate from social norms and expectations. Those diagnosed with a<unk>  may experience difficulties in cognition, emotiveness, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. In general,<unk> s are diagnosed in 40–60% of psychiatric patients, making them the most frequent of psychiatric diagnoses.<unk> s are characterized by an enduring collection of behavioral patterns often associated with considerable personal, social, and occupational disruption.<unk> s are also inflexible and pervasive across many situations, largely due to the fact that such behavior may be ego-syntonic (i.e. the patterns are consistent with the ego integrity of the individual) and are therefore perceived to be appropriate by that individual. In addition, people with<unk> s often lack insight into their condition and so refrain from seeking treatment. This behavior can result in maladaptive coping skills and may lead to personal problems that induce extreme anxiety, distress, or depression and result in impaired psychosocial functioning. These behavior patterns are typically recognized by adolescence, the beginning of adulthood or sometimes even childhood and often have a pervasive negative impact on the quality of life. While emerging treatments, such as dialectical behavior therapy, have demonstrated efficacy in treating<unk> s, such as borderline<unk> ,<unk> s are associated with considerable stigma in popular and clinical discourse alike. Despite various methodological schemas designed to categorize<unk> s, many issues occur with classifying a<unk>  because the theory and diagnosis of such disorders occur within prevailing cultural expectations; thus, their validity is contested by some experts on the basis of inevitable subjectivity. They argue that the theory and diagnosis of<unk> s are based strictly on social, or even sociopolitical and economic considerations.
Personality disorder
Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
Tic disorder
Bipolar disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Dissociative identity disorder
Psychopathy
Schizotypal personality disorder  Schizotypal disorder  1