Menopause An<unk>  may be recommended for women experiencing moderate to severe symptoms of menopause, such as vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy. During menopause, the ovaries stop producing<unk>  which causes<unk>  levels to fall. The sudden change in<unk>  levels may cause vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flashes. Research suggests that the<unk>  can relieve both the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms by increasing<unk>  levels. An<unk>  may also be used to treat vulvar and vaginal atrophy, another symptom of menopause associated with the sudden change in<unk>  levels. Hypoestrogenism Hypoestrogenism, or<unk>  deficiency, may suggest menopause is approaching for middle aged women. Other causes of hypoestrogenism are excessive exercise, restrictive diet, underactive pituitary gland, ovarian failure, Turner Syndrome, and kidney disease. Symptoms of hypoestrogenism may include pain during sex, irregular periods, mood swings, hot flashes, breast tenderness, headache, depression, fatigue, weak bones, and an increase risk of urinary tract infections.<unk>  therapies, including the use of an<unk> , can be used to alleviate these symptoms by increasing<unk>  levels to a normal state. Premenopausal women may be recommended to take progestin with<unk>  therapy. Prevention of osteoporosis<unk> es may be effective in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Research suggests that<unk> es can significantly increases bone mineral density and reduce risks of fractures in postmenopausal women by raising<unk>  levels and avoiding first-pass metabolism. There is evidence that the combination of an<unk>  with a progestin pill can improve bone mineral density in young, premenopausal amenorrheic athletes, and may be more effective than an oral<unk>  with progestin. Hormonal birth control Contraceptive<unk> es such as norelgestromin/ethinylestradiol are a form of<unk>  which are used for hormonal birth control.
Estrogen patch
High-dose estrogen
Breast implant
Levonorgestrel-releasing implant
Progesterone vaginal ring
Vaginal estrogen
Breast reduction
Contraceptive implant