<unk>  most commonly affects adults who are of middle age and older. Some studies also report a slight bias in favor of females in the incidence of<unk> , particularly in older populations. People with infectious mononucleosis, lymphoproliferative<unk> s, or mycoplasma pneumonia are more susceptible to this condition.<unk>  represents an estimated 16–32% of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, whose annual incidence is estimated to be between 1/35,000-1/80,000 in North America and Western Europe. In patients with infectious mononucleosis, more than 60% of whom develop<unk> . Primary<unk>  In single-center series, primary<unk>  has been found to account for 13–15% of the cases of AIHA. In a population-based clinical study of primary<unk>  in Norway, the prevalence was found to be 16 per million in habitants and the incidence rate 1 per million inhabitants per year. Little is known about possible geographic variations. Median age of<unk>  patients was 76 years and median age at onset of symptoms was approximately 67 years. The male/female ratio has been reported to be 0.5–0.6 which is not very different from a male/female ratio of 0.72 in an age-matched general population. The frequency of auto-immune disorders other than<unk>  does probably not differ from what is to be expected in an elderly population with some female predominance. as about 12.5 years from diagnosis and median age at death was 82 years, which implies a life expectancy in these patients similar to that of an age-matched general population. More than 90% of patients with primary<unk>  have<unk> -induced circulatory symptoms ranging from moderate acrocyanosis to severe Raynaud phenomena precipitated even by very slight<unk>  exposure.
Cold agglutinin disease
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
MERRF syndrome
Serum sickness
Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Michels Caskey syndrome
Hennekam syndrome
Uddanam nephropathy