External<unk>  chamber of a<unk>  at a house in France Commercial units and construct-it-yourself systems are available. Variations include number of<unk>  vaults, removable vault, urine diversion and active mixing/aeration. Slow<unk>  (or moldering) toilets Most<unk> s use slow<unk>  which is also called "cold<unk> ". The compost heap is built up step by step over time. The finished end product from "slow"<unk> s ("moldering toilets" or "moldering privies" in the US), is generally not free of pathogens. World Health Organization Guidelines from 2006 offer a framework for safe reuse of waste, using a multiple barrier approach. Slow<unk> s employ a passive approach. Common applications involve modest and often seasonal use, such as remote trail networks. They are typically designed such that the materials deposited can be isolated from the operational part. The toilet can also be closed to allow further mesophilic<unk> . Slow<unk> s rely on long retention times for pathogen reduction and for decomposition of waste or on the combination of time and/or the addition of red wriggler worms for vermi-composting. Worms can be introduced to accelerate<unk> . Some jurisdictions of the US consider these worms as invasive species. Active composters (self-contained) "Self-contained"<unk> s compost in a container within the toilet unit. They are slightly larger than a flush toilet, but use roughly the same floor space. Some units use fans for aeration, and optionally, heating elements to maintain optimum temperatures to hasten the<unk>  process and to evaporate urine and other moisture. Operators of<unk> s commonly add a small amount of absorbent carbon material (such as untreated sawdust, coconut coir, or peat moss) after each use to create air pockets to encourage aerobic processing, to absorb liquid and to create an odor barrier. This additive is sometimes referred to as "bulking agent". Some owner-operators use microbial "starter" cultures to ensure<unk>  bacteria are in the process, although this is not critical. Vermifilter toilet A vermifilter toilet is a<unk>  with flushing water where earthworms are used to promote decomposition to compost. It can be connected to a low-flush or a micro-flush toilet which uses about per use. Solids accumulate on the surface of the filter bed while liquid drains through the filter medium and is discharged from the reactor. The solids (feces and toilet paper) are aerobically digested by aerobic bacteria and<unk>  earthworms into castings (humus), thereby significantly reducing the volume of organic material. Other Some units employ roll-away containers fitted with aerators, while others use sloped-bottom tanks.
Composting toilet
Dry toilet
Urine-diverting dry toilet
Sitz bath
Automatic soap dispenser
Mustard bath
Hand washing
Tooth polishing