Two<unk>  <unk>  agents licensed for clinical use in the United States are Thymoglobulin (rabbit<unk> , rATG, Genzyme) and<unk> am (equine<unk> , eATG, Pfizer). Thymoglobulin and<unk> am are currently licensed for use in the treatment of renal allograft rejection;<unk> am is additionally licensed for use in the treatment of aplastic anemia. Both drugs are used in off-label applications, especially as immunosuppression induction agents before and/or during kidney transplantation. A rabbit anti-T lymphocyte<unk>  made by Neovii Pharmaceuticals is marketed outside of the United States under the name Grafalon.<unk>  administration very substantially reduces immune competence in patients with normal immune systems, through a combination of actions, some explicitly understood and some more hypothetical. rATG in particular effects large reductions (through cell lysis) in the number of circulating T-lymphocytes, hence preventing (or at least delaying) the cellular rejection of transplanted organs. However, medical opinion remains divided as to when the benefit of this profound reduction in T-cells outweighs the concomitant increased risks of infection and malignancy. In the United States it is frequently given at the time of the transplant to prevent graft-versus-host disease, although many European centers prefer to reserve its use for the treatment of steroid-resistant acute rejection, as European centres generally serve more homogeneous populations and rejection tends to be less of a problem.
Anti-thymocyte globulin
Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
Altitoxin
Antireticular cytotoxic serum
Rabies immunoglobulin
Autologous conditioned serum
Antivenom
Diphtheria antitoxin