<unk>  is diagnosed for the most part by imaging techniques. The imagings used are ultrasound (US), abdominal plain film and CT imaging. Of the 3 techniques CT and US are the more preferred.<unk>  is considered present if at least two radiologists make the diagnosis on US and/or CT. In some cases a renal biopsy is done instead if imaging is not enough to confirm<unk> . Once the diagnosis is confirmed additional testing is needed to find the underlying cause because the underlying condition may require treatment for reasons independent of<unk> . These additional tests will measure serum, electrolytes, calcium, and phosphate, and the urine pH. If no underlying cause can be found then urine collection should be done for 24 hours and measurements of the excretion of calcium, phosphate, oxalate, citrate, and creatinine are looked at. Stages of<unk>  * Chemical or Molecular<unk> : Defined as a measurable increase in intracellular calcium concentrations, however, it is not visible through X-ray or microscopically. * Microscopic<unk> : Occurs when depositis are visible by light microscope by obtaining a tissue sample from a biopsy. However, this cannot be seen in an X-ray. * Macroscopic<unk> : Occurs when calcification can be seen through X-ray imaging.
Nephrocalcinosis
Calcinosis
Chondrocalcinosis
Osteosclerosis
Dysosteosclerosis
Papillomatosis
Osteoporosis
Hyperthecosis