The radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RC-AVF) is a shortcut between cephalic vein and radial artery at the wrist. It is the recommended first choice for hemodialysis access. Possible underlying causes for failure are stenosis and thrombosis especially in diabetics and those with low blood flow such as due to narrow vessels, arteriosclerosis and advanced age. Reported patency of fistulae after 1 year is about 62.5%.
Cimino fistula
Collaural fistula
Urachal fistula
Anal fissure
Punctal plug
Galactocele
Urachal diverticulum
Urachal cyst