Child Severe prenatal<unk>  of GH, as occurs in congenital hypopituitarism, has little effect on fetal growth. However, prenatal and congenital<unk>  can reduce the size of a male's penis, especially when gonadotropins are also deficient. Besides micropenis in males, additional consequences of severe<unk>  in the first days of life can include hypoglycemia and exaggerated jaundice (both direct and indirect hyperbilirubinemia). Even congenital<unk>  does not usually impair length growth until after the first few months of life. From late in the first year until mid-teens, poor growth and/or shortness is the hallmark of childhood<unk> . Growth is not as severely affected in<unk>  as in untreated hypothyroidism, but growth at about half the usual velocity for age is typical. It tends to be accompanied by delayed physical maturation so that bone maturation and puberty may be several years delayed. When severe<unk>  is present from birth and never treated, adult heights can be as short as 48-65 inches (122–165 cm). Severe<unk>  in early childhood also results in slower muscular development, so that gross motor milestones such as standing, walking, and jumping may be delayed. Body composition (i.e., the relative amounts of bone, muscle, and fat) is affected in many children with severe<unk> , so that mild to moderate chubbiness is common (though<unk>  alone rarely causes severe obesity). Some severely GH-deficient children have recognizable, cherubic facial features characterized by maxillary hypoplasia and forehead prominence. Other side effects in children include sparse hair growth and frontal recession, and pili torti and trichorrhexis nodosa are also sometimes present. Adults Recognised effects include: * Increased 5-alpha-reductase * Reduced sex<unk> -binding globulin (SHBG) * Reduced muscle mass and strength * Baldness in men * Reduced bone mass and osteoporosis (Decreased bone density) * Reduced energy * Impaired concentration and memory loss * Increased body fat, particularly around the waistline * Lipid abnormalities, particularly raised LDL cholesterol * Increased levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor * Cardiac dysfunction, including a thickened intima media * Lack of well-being * Depression and anxiety * Social isolation * Fibromyalgia syndrome * Neuromuscular dysfunction * Central adiposity * Decreased muscle mass * Insulin resistance * Accelerated atherogenesis * Prothrombotic state * Decreased sweating and thermoregulation.
Growth hormone deficiency
Prader–Willi syndrome
Isolated growth hormone deficiency
Turner syndrome
Thyroid dysgenesis
Noonan syndrome
Congenital hypothyroidism
Small for gestational age