<unk>  describes any condition that causes inflammation of the optic nerve; it may be associated with demyelinating diseases, or infectious or inflammatory processes. It is also known as optic papillitis (when the head of the optic nerve is involved), neuroretinitis (when there is a combined involvement of optic disc and surrounding retina in the macular area) and retrobulbar<unk>  (when the posterior part of the nerve is involved). It is most often associated with multiple sclerosis, and it may lead to complete or partial loss of vision in one or both eyes. Other causes include: # Idiopathic (cause is unidentifiable) # Hereditary<unk>  (Leber's disease) # Parainfectious<unk>  (associated with viral infections such as measles, mumps, chickenpox, whooping cough and glandular fever) # Infectious<unk>  (sinus related or associated with cat scratch fever, tuberculosis, lyme disease and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients # Autoimmune causes (sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, PAN, MOG Antibody disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis) Partial, transient vision loss (lasting less than one hour) can be an indication of early onset multiple sclerosis. Other possible diagnoses include diabetes mellitus, low phosphorus levels, or hyperkalaemia.
Optic neuritis
Far-sightedness
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Ocular ischemic syndrome
Optic neuropathy
Vitreoretinopathy