Ruby Hirose researching serums and antitoxins A poster released by the Central Council for Health Education, spreading awareness about Diphtheria. A tetanus vaccine is being administered at the Naval medical Center San Diego A<unk>  is an inactivated toxin (usually an exotoxin) whose toxicity has been suppressed either by chemical (formalin) or heat treatment, while other properties, typically immunogenicity, are maintained. Toxins are secreted by bacteria, whereas<unk> s are altered form of toxins;<unk> s are not secreted by bacteria. Thus, when used during vaccination, an immune response is mounted and immunological memory is formed against the molecular markers of the<unk>  without resulting in toxin-induced illness. Such a preparation is also known as an anatoxin. There are<unk> s for prevention of diphtheria, tetanus and botulism.<unk> s are used as vaccines because they induce an immune response to the original toxin or increase the response to another antigen since the<unk>  markers and toxin markers are preserved. For example, the tetanus<unk>  is derived from the tetanospasmin produced by Clostridium tetani. The latter causes tetanus and is vaccinated against by the DTaP vaccine. While patients may sometimes complain of side effects after a vaccine, these are associated with the process of mounting an immune response and clearing the<unk> , not the direct effects of the<unk> . The<unk>  does not have virulence as the toxin did before inactivation.<unk> s are also useful in the production of human antitoxins. Multiple doses of tetanus<unk>  are used by many plasma centers in the United States for the development of highly immune persons for the production of human anti-tetanus immune globulin (tetanus immune globulin (TIG), HyperTet (c)), which has replaced horse serum-type tetanus antitoxin in most of the developed world.<unk> s are also used in the production of conjugate vaccines. The highly antigenic<unk> s help draw attention to weaker antigens such as polysaccharides found in the bacterial capsule.
Toxoid
Tocolytic
Cathartic
Laxative
Neuroskeptic
Endemic 
Toxicant
Epidemic