Numerous diagnoses and findings can be made based upon<unk> , and many are discussed above. Overall, the diagnoses are made based on the patterns. For example, an "irregularly irregular" QRS complex without P waves is the hallmark of atrial fibrillation; however, other findings can be present as well, such as a bundle branch block that alters the shape of the QRS complexes. ECGs can be interpreted in isolation but should be applied – like all diagnostic tests – in the context of the patient. For example, an observation of peaked T waves is not sufficient to diagnose hyperkalemia; such a diagnosis should be verified by measuring the blood potassium level. Conversely, a discovery of hyperkalemia should be followed by an ECG for manifestations such as peaked T waves, widened QRS complexes, and loss of P waves. The following is an organized list of possible ECG-based diagnoses. Rhythm disturbances or arrhythmias: * Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter without rapid ventricular response * Premature atrial contraction (PACs) and premature ventricular contraction (PVCs) * Sinus arrhythmia * Sinus bradycardia and sinus tachycardia * Sinus pause and sinoatrial arrest * Sinus node dysfunction and bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome * Supraventricular tachycardia * Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response * Atrial flutter with rapid ventricular response * AV nodal reentrant tachycardia * Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia * Junctional ectopic tachycardia * Atrial tachycardia * Ectopic atrial tachycardia (unicentric) * Multifocal atrial tachycardia * Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia * Sinoatrial nodal reentrant tachycardia * Torsades de pointes (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) * Wide complex tachycardia * Ventricular flutter * Ventricular fibrillation * Ventricular tachycardia (monomorphic ventricular tachycardia) * Pre-excitation syndrome * Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome * Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome * J wave (Osborn wave) Heart block and conduction problems: * Aberration * Sinoatrial block: first, second, and third-degree * AV node * First-degree AV block * Second-degree AV block (Mobitz Wenckebach I and II) * Third-degree AV block or complete AV block * Right bundle * Incomplete right bundle branch block * Complete right bundle branch block (RBBB) * Left bundle * Complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) * Incomplete left bundle branch block * Left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) * Left posterior fascicular block (LPFB) * Bifascicular block (LAFB plus LPFB) * Trifascicular block (LAFP plus FPFB plus RBBB) * QT syndromes * Brugada syndrome * Short QT syndrome * Long QT syndromes, genetic and drug-induced * Right and left atrial abnormality Electrolytes disturbances and intoxication: * Digitalis intoxication * Calcium: hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia * Potassium: hypokalemia and hyperkalemia * Serotonin Toxicity Ischemia and infarction: * Wellens' syndrome (LAD occlusion) * de Winter T waves (LAD occlusion) * ST elevation and ST depression * High Frequency QRS changes * Myocardial infarction (heart attack) * Non-Q wave myocardial infarction * NSTEMI * STEMI * Sgarbossa's criteria for ischemia with a LBBB Structural: * Acute pericarditis * Right and left ventricular hypertrophy * Right ventricular strain or S1Q3T3 (can be seen in pulmonary embolism)
Electrocardiography
Vectorcardiography
Electrical cardiometry
Cardiotocography
Magnetocardiography
Ballistocardiography
Impedance cardiography
Holter monitor