<unk>  of which many types are sold under different brand names like “citra-lock” and Taurolock are a number of<unk> s put into<unk> s. Neutrolin is an anti-microbial<unk>  developed by Cormedix/Cormedix GmbH. A<unk>  is used to fill the<unk>  when not in use, primarily to prevent clotting. Neutrolin contains heparin and citrate (1000 U/mL and 3.5% respectively), two compounds commonly used to prevent thrombosis and maintain<unk>  patency. Neutrolin also contains taurolidine, an anti-microbial agent that has been shown to be safe and effective in preventing bacterial colonization of<unk> s No resistance to taurolidine has been observed to date. To avoid the use of heparin in central venous<unk> s, also citrate<unk> <unk> s were developed. Citrate<unk>  can be used as a<unk> <unk>  without any additives like antibiotic agents or antiseptic agents like taurolidin. Antibiotic<unk> s could lead to antibiotic resistance and taurolidine has been associated with<unk>  related clotting. Therefore it has been necessary to mix taurolidine products with hepaprin to avoid<unk>  patency issues like thrombosis. Heparin is an anticoagulant, and used as a<unk>  it could leak into the blood circulation of the patient. Therefore it has been associated with<unk>  related bleeding and heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) Citrate<unk> s are being used in three different concentrations, like 4%, 30% and 46.7%. Citrate<unk> s as 4% concentration have been recommended as best practice in a position statement of European Renal Best Practice guidelines, as published in 2010. The advise has not been changed since then. The concentrations of 30% citrate and 46.7% citrate used as<unk>  have been associated with lower rates of<unk>  related infection and a decrease of the use of thrombolytic agents like Urokinase or tPA
Catheter lock solution
Volume expander
Syringe filter
Antiseptic lavage
Osmotic dilator
Infiltration analgesia
Word catheter
Macy catheter