<unk>  is an inability to completely empty the bladder. Onset can be sudden or gradual. When of sudden onset, symptoms include an inability to<unk> inate and lower abdominal pain. When of gradual onset, symptoms may include loss of bladder control, mild lower abdominal pain, and a weak<unk> ine stream. Those with long-term problems are at risk of<unk> inary tract infections. Causes include blockage of the<unk> ethra, nerve problems, certain medications, and weak bladder muscles. Blockage can be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),<unk> ethral strictures, bladder stones, a cystocele, constipation, or tumors. Nerve problems can occur from diabetes, trauma, spinal cord problems, stroke, or heavy metal poisoning. Medications that can cause problems include anticholinergics, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, decongestants, cyclobenzaprine, diazepam, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), amphetamines, and opioids. Diagnosis is typically based on measuring the amount of<unk> ine in the bladder after<unk> inating. Treatment is typically with a catheter either through the<unk> ethra or lower abdomen. Other treatments may include medication to decrease the size of the prostate,<unk> ethral dilation, a<unk> ethral stent, or surgery. Males are more often affected than females. In males over the age of 40 about 6 per 1,000 are affected a year. Among males over 80 this increases 30%.
Urinary retention
Oliguria
Dysuria
Anuria
Cyclospasm
Polyuria
Urinary incontinence
Perfume intolerance