<unk>  may be divided into the following types: Primary<unk>  contact urticaria Primary<unk>  contact urticaria is a cutaneous condition characterized by wheals, and occurs in rainy, windy weather, and after swimming in<unk>  water and after contact with<unk>  objects, including ice cubes. Secondary<unk>  contact urticaria Secondary<unk>  contact urticaria is a cutaneous condition characterized by wheals, due to serum abnormalities such as cryoglobulinemia or cryofibrinogenemia are extremely rare, and are then associated with other manifestations such as Raynaud's phenomenon or purpura. Reflex<unk>  Reflex<unk>  is a cutaneous condition in which generalized cooling of the body induces widespread welting. Familial<unk>  Familial<unk>  (also properly known as familial<unk>  autoinflammatory syndrome, FCAS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by rash, conjunctivitis, fever/chills and arthralgias elicited by exposure to<unk>  - sometimes temperatures below . It has been mapped to CIAS1 and is a slightly milder member of the disease family including Muckle–Wells syndrome and NOMID. It is rare and is estimated as having a prevalence of 1 per million people and mainly affects Americans and Europeans. FCAS is one of the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) caused by mutations in the CIAS1/NALP3 (aka NLRP3) gene at location 1q44. The effect of FCAS on the quality of life of patients is far reaching. A survey of patients in the United States in 2008 found that "to cope with their underlying disease and to try to avoid symptomatic, painful, flares patients reported limiting their work, school, family, and social activities. Seventy-eight percent of survey participants described an impact of the disease on their work, including absenteeism and impaired job advancement; frequently, they quit their job as a consequence of their disease". Treatment using anakinra (Kineret) has been shown effective for FCAS, although this does mean daily injections of the immunosuppressant into an area such as the lower abdomen. The monoclonal antibody canakinumab (Ilaris) is also used.
Cold urticaria
Heat urticaria
Solar urticaria
Pressure urticaria
Aquagenic urticaria
Physical urticaria
Cholinergic urticaria
Delayed pressure urticaria