In high doses, overdoses, or in some persons not tolerant to opioids,<unk>  can cause shallow breathing, slowed heart rate, cold/clammy skin, pauses in breathing, low blood pressure, constricted pupils, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death. In 2011, it was the leading cause of drug-related deaths in the U.S. However, from 2012 onwards, heroin and fentanyl have become more common causes of drug-related deaths.<unk>  overdose has also been described to cause spinal cord infarction in high doses and ischemic damage to the brain, due to prolonged hypoxia from suppressed breathing.
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Codeine
Morphine
Noroxycodone
Norhydrocodone
Tramadol
Piperoxan