Overview of the most significant symptoms of<unk>  The classic symptoms of untreated<unk>  are unintended weight loss, polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger). Symptoms may develop rapidly (weeks or months) in type 1<unk> , while they usually develop much more slowly and may be subtle or absent in type 2<unk> . Several other signs and symptoms can mark the onset of<unk>  although they are not specific to the disease. In addition to the known symptoms listed above, they include blurred vision, headache, fatigue, slow healing of cuts, and itchy skin. Prolonged high blood glucose can cause glucose absorption in the lens of the eye, which leads to changes in its shape, resulting in vision changes. Long-term vision loss can also be caused by<unk> etic retinopathy. A number of skin rashes that can occur in<unk>  are collectively known as<unk> etic dermadromes.<unk> etic emergencies People with<unk>  (usually but not exclusively in type 1<unk>  may also experience<unk> etic ketoacidosis (DKA), a metabolic disturbance characterized by nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, the smell of acetone on the breath, deep breathing known as Kussmaul breathing, and in severe cases a decreased level of consciousness. DKA requires emergency treatment in hospital. A rarer but more dangerous condition is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), which is more common in type 2<unk>  and is mainly the result of dehydration caused by high blood sugars. Treatment-related low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is common in people with type 1 and also type 2<unk>  depending on the medication being used. Most cases are mild and are not considered medical emergencies. Effects can range from feelings of unease, sweating, trembling, and increased appetite in mild cases to more serious effects such as confusion, changes in behavior such as aggressiveness, seizures, unconsciousness, and rarely permanent brain damage or death in severe cases. Rapid breathing, sweating, and cold, pale skin are characteristic of low blood sugar but not definitive. Mild to moderate cases are self-treated by eating or drinking something high in rapidly absorbed carbohydrates. Severe cases can lead to unconsciousness and must be treated with intravenous glucose or injections with glucagon. Complications Retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are potential complications of<unk>  All forms of<unk>  increase the risk of long-term complications. These typically develop after many years (10–20) but may be the first symptom in those who have otherwise not received a diagnosis before that time. The major long-term complications relate to damage to blood vessels.<unk>  doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease and about 75% of deaths in people with<unk>  are due to coronary artery disease. Other macrovascular diseases include stroke, and peripheral artery disease. These complications are also a strong risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness. The primary complications of<unk>  due to damage in small blood vessels include damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Damage to the eyes, known as<unk> etic retinopathy, is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina of the eye, and can result in gradual vision loss and eventual blindness.<unk>  also increases the risk of having glaucoma, cataracts, and other eye problems. It is recommended that people with<unk>  visit an eye doctor once a year. Damage to the kidneys, known as<unk> etic nephropathy, can lead to tissue scarring, urine protein loss, and eventually chronic kidney disease, sometimes requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. Damage to the nerves of the body, known as<unk> etic neuropathy, is the most common complication of<unk> . The symptoms can include numbness, tingling, sudomotor dysfunction, pain, and altered pain sensation, which can lead to damage to the skin.<unk> -related foot problems (such as<unk> etic foot ulcers) may occur, and can be difficult to treat, occasionally requiring amputation. Additionally, proximal<unk> etic neuropathy causes painful muscle atrophy and weakness. There is a link between cognitive deficit and<unk> . Compared to those without<unk> , those with the disease have a 1.2 to 1.5-fold greater rate of decline in cognitive function. Having<unk> , especially when on insulin, increases the risk of falls in older people.
Diabetes
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Obesity
Terry's nails
Hypertension
Diabetes insipidus  Diabetes insipidus  1
Prediabetes
Prehypertension