Reducing the types of movements that trigger or worsen<unk>  symptoms provides some relief, as does reducing stress, getting plenty of rest, moderate exercise, and relaxation techniques. Various treatments focus on sedating brain functions or blocking nerve communications with the muscles via drugs, neuro-suppression, or denervation. All current treatments have negative side-effects and risks. A geste antagoniste is a physical gesture or position (such as touching one's chin) that temporarily interrupts<unk> , it is also known as a sensory trick. Patients may be aware of the presence of a geste antagoniste that provides some relief. Therapy for<unk>  can involve prosthetics that passively simulate the stimulation. Physical intervention While research in the area of effectiveness of physical therapy intervention for<unk>  remains weak, there is reason to believe that rehabilitation can benefit<unk>  patients. Physical therapy can be utilized to manage changes in balance, mobility and overall function that occur as a result of the disorder. A variety of treatment strategies can be employed to address the unique needs of each individual. Potential treatment interventions include splinting, therapeutic exercise, manual stretching, soft tissue and joint mobilization, postural training and bracing, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, constraint-induced movement therapy, activity and environmental modification, and gait training. A patient with<unk>  may have significant challenges in activities of daily living (ADL), an area especially suited for treatment by occupational therapy (OT). An occupational therapist (OT) may perform needed upper extremity splinting, provide movement inhibitory techniques, train fine motor coordination, provide an assistive device, or teach alternative methods of activity performance to achieve a patient's goals for bathing, dressing, toileting, and other valued activities. Recent research has investigated further into the role of physiotherapy in the treatment of<unk> . A recent study showed that reducing psychological stress, in conjunction with exercise, is beneficial for reducing truncal<unk>  in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Another study emphasized progressive relaxation, isometric muscle endurance, dynamic strength, coordination, balance, and body perception, seeing significant improvements to patients' quality of life after 4 weeks. Since the root of the problem is neurological, doctors have explored sensorimotor retraining activities to enable the brain to "rewire" itself and eliminate<unk>  movements. The work of several doctors such as Nancy Byl and Joaquin Farias has shown that sensorimotor retraining activities and proprioceptive stimulation can induce neuroplasticity, making it possible for patients to recover substantial function that was lost due to Cervical<unk> , hand<unk> , blepharospasm, oromandibular<unk> , dysphonia and musicians'<unk> . Some focal<unk> s have been proven treatable through movement retraining in the Taubman approach, particularly in the case of musicians. However other focal<unk> s may not respond and may even be made worse by this treatment. Due to the rare and variable nature of<unk> , research investigating the effectiveness of these treatments is limited. There is no gold standard for physiotherapy rehabilitation. To date, focal cervical<unk>  has received the most research attention; however, study designs are poorly controlled and limited to small sample sizes. Medication Different medications are tried in an effort to find a combination that is effective for a specific person. Not all people respond well to the same medications. Medications that have had positive results in some include: anticholinergics (such as diphenhydramine, benzatropine, atropine), dopamine agonists (such as ropinirole and bromocriptine), and muscle relaxants (such as diazepam). ;Anticholinergics Medications such as anticholinergics (benztropine), which act as inhibitors of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, may provide some relief. In the case of an acute<unk>  reaction, diphenhydramine is sometimes used (though this drug is well known as an antihistamine, in this context it is being used primarily for its anticholinergic role).. See also Procyclidine. Another which in many has shown total control of symptoms, alone or taken with other medications,often clonazepam, is gabapentin. Noting, some are generic sensitive, as with other medications, and either have to sample test each one for a successful result, or take the original version. ;Baclofen A baclofen pump has been used to treat patients of all ages exhibiting muscle spasticity along with<unk> . The pump delivers baclofen via a catheter to the thecal space surrounding the spinal cord. The pump itself is placed in the abdomen. It can be refilled periodically by access through the skin. Baclofen can also be taken in tablet form ;Botulinum toxin injection Botulinum toxin injections into affected muscles have proved quite successful in providing some relief for around 3–6 months, depending on the kind of<unk> . Botox or Dysport injections have the advantage of ready availability (the same form is used for cosmetic surgery) and the effects are not permanent. There is a risk of temporary paralysis of the muscles being injected or the leaking of the toxin into adjacent muscle groups, causing weakness or paralysis in them. The injections must be repeated, as the effects wear off and around 15% of recipients develop immunity to the toxin. There is a Type A and a Type B toxin approved for treatment of<unk> ; often, those that develop resistance to Type A may be able to use Type B. ;Muscle relaxants Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, is also sometimes prescribed. However, for most, their effects are limited and side-effects like mental confusion, sedation, mood swings, and short-term memory loss occur. ;Parkinsonian drugs Dopamine agonists: One type of<unk> , dopamine-responsive<unk> , can be completely treated with regular doses of L-DOPA in a form such as Sinemet (carbidopa/levodopa). Although this does not remove the condition, it does alleviate the symptoms most of the time. (In contrast, dopamine antagonists can sometimes cause<unk> .) Ketogenic diet One complex case study found that a ketogenic type diet may have been helpful in reducing symptoms associated with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) of a young child. However, as the researchers noted, their results could have been corollary in nature and not due to the diet itself, though future research is warranted. Surgery Schematic representation of a patient with cervical<unk> , with deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes implanted in the internal globus pallidus (GPi) Surgery, such as the denervation of selected muscles, may also provide some relief; however, the destruction of nerves in the limbs or brain is not reversible and should be considered only in the most extreme cases. Recently, the procedure of deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven successful in a number of cases of severe generalised<unk> . DBS as treatment for medication-refractory<unk> , on the other hand, may increase the risk of suicide in patients. However, reference data of patients without DBS therapy are lacking.
Dystonia
Akathisia
Paratonia
Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
Hypophonia
Essential tremor
Misophonia
Tardive dyskinesia  Tardive dyskinesia  1