<unk> is currently recognized as a mental disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). According to the DSM-5, mineral deficiencies are occasionally associated with<unk>  but biological abnormalities are rarely found. People practicing forms of<unk>  such as geophagy, pagophagy, and amylophagy, are more likely anemic or have low hemoglobin concentration in their blood, lower levels of red blood cells (hematocrit), or lower plasma zinc levels. Specifically, practicing geophagy is more likely to be associated with anemia or low hemoglobin. Practicing pagophagy and amylophagy is more highly associated with anemia. Additionally, children and pregnant women may be more likely to have anemia or low hemoglobin relative to the general population. Mental health conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia have been proposed as causes of<unk>  More recently, cases of<unk> have been tied to the obsessive–compulsive spectrum, and a move has arisen to consider OCD in the cause of<unk>  Sensory, physiological, cultural, and psychosocial perspectives have also been used to explain the causation of<unk> <unk> may be a cultural practice not associated with a deficiency or disorder. Ingestion of kaolin (white clay) among African-American women in the US state of Georgia shows the practice there to be a DSM-4 "culture-bound syndrome" and "not selectively associated with other psychopathology". Similar kaolin ingestion is also widespread in parts of Africa. Such practices may stem from health benefits such as the ability of clay to absorb plant toxins and protect against toxic alkaloids and tannic acids.
Pica 
Enostosis
Hyperostosis
Hypercementosis
Neutrophilia
Joint stiffness
Exostosis
Hemimelia