<unk>  means ensuring that everyone in the world has equal access to<unk> s. The importance of<unk>  has been emphasized by researchers and public health experts during the COVID-19 pandemic but is relevant to other illnesses and<unk> s as well. Historically, world-wide immunization campaigns have led to the eradication of smallpox and significantly reduced polio, measles, tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus. There are important reasons to establish mechanisms for global<unk> . Multiple factors support the development and spread of pandemics, not least the ability of people to travel long distances and widely transmit viruses. A virus that remains in circulation somewhere in the world is likely to spread and recur in other areas. The more widespread a virus is, and the larger and more varied the population it affects, the more likely it is to evolve more transmissable, more virulent, and more<unk>  resistant variants.<unk>  can be essential to stop both the spread and the evolution of a disease. Ensuring that all populations receive access to<unk> s is a pragmatic means towards achieving global public health. Failing to do so increases the likelihood of further waves of a disease. Infectious diseases are disproportionately likely to affect those in low and middle-income neighborhoods and countries (LMICs), making<unk>  an issue for local and national public health and for foreign policy. Ethically and morally, access for all to essential medicines such as<unk> s is fundamentally related to the human right to health, which is well founded in international law. Economically,<unk>  inequity damages the global economy: supply chains cross borders, and even areas with very high<unk> tion rates depend on areas with lower<unk> tion rates for goods and services. Achieving<unk>  requires addressing inequalities and roadblocks in the production, trade, and health care delivery of<unk> s. Challenges include scaling-up of technology transfer and production, costs of production, safety profiles of<unk> s, and antivaccine disinformation and aggression.
Vaccine equity
Good clinical practice
Biosafety
Bicycle safety
Cost sharing
Guaranteed issue
Biosecurity
Public security