The symptoms expressed by<unk>  patients are largely dependent on the vascular bed(s) affected by the disease. Patients may also be entirely asymptomatic and have<unk>  discovered incidentally (e.g., when imaging studies are performed for other reasons). In a study from the United States Registry for<unk> , the median age at first symptom was roughly 47 years. Renal arteries The main symptoms associated with renal<unk>  are secondary hypertension and bruits that can be heard with a stethoscope over the abdomen or flanks. Complications such as aneurysms, dissections, or occlusion of the renal artery have been associated with renal artery<unk> . Cerebrovascular regions The carotid and vertebral arteries are most commonly affected. Middle and distal regions of the internal carotid arteries are frequently involved. Patients with<unk>  in the carotid arteries typically present around 50 years of age. Symptoms of craniocervical involvement include headaches (mostly migraine), pulsatile tinnitus, dizziness, and neck pain, although patients are often asymptomatic. On physical examination, one may detect neurological symptoms secondary to a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), a bruit over an affected artery, and diminished distal pulses. Complications of cerebrovascular<unk>  include TIA, ischemic stroke, Horner syndrome, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Other sites Patients with mesenteric, or intestinal<unk> , may experience abdominal pain after eating or weight loss.<unk>  within the extremities may cause claudication or may be detectable by bruits. If the lower limb arteries are affected, the patient may present with cold legs or evidence of distal embolic disease.<unk>  present in the subclavian artery may cause arm weakness, paresthesia, claudication, and subclavial steal syndrome. Children Children with<unk>  often report various non-specific symptoms or present with hypertension during routine physical examinations. Symptoms are commonly associated with the artery being affected. Symptoms may include headaches, insomnia, fatigue and chest or abdominal pain.<unk>  affecting the arteries of the head & neck is commonly recognized as a cause of childhood strokes. Detection may stem from a bruit being present over the affected vascular bed during a physical assessment. Yet, absence of a bruit does not rule out significant vascular disease. In children, renovascular disease accounts for approximately 10% of all causes of secondary hypertension. Kidney failure is a common presentation in infants and children but is uncommon in adults, although it is occasionally the presenting problem in adults with focal disease. “The presentation in infants and children younger than 4 years is especially likely to resemble vacuities.” Related diseases The vascular subtype of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (type IV) has been associated with multi-focal<unk> . This syndrome should be suspected in patients with multiple aneurysms and/or tears (dissections) in arteries in addition to the typical angiographic findings of<unk> . There have been isolated reports of<unk>  associated with other disorders, including Alport syndrome, pheochromocytoma, Marfan syndrome, Moyamoya disease, and Takayasu's arteritis.
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Arteriosclerosis obliterans
Familial myxovascular fibromas
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Fibromatosis
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm
Actinic elastosis
Collagen disease