<unk>  is the systematic effort to educate and persuade prescribers of<unk> s to follow evidence-based prescribing, in order to stem antibiotic overuse, and thus<unk>  resistance. AMS has been an organized effort of specialists in infectious diseases, both in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics with their respective peer-organizations, hospital pharmacists, the public health community and their professional organizations since the late 1990s. It has first been implemented in hospitals. In the U.S., within the context of physicians' prescribing freedom (choice of prescription drugs), AMS had largely been voluntary self-regulation in the form of policies and appeals to adhere to a prescribing self-discipline until 2017, when the Joint Commission prescribed that hospitals should have an<unk>  team, which was expanded to the outpatient setting in 2020. As of 2019, California and Missouri had made AMS programs mandatory by law.
Antimicrobial stewardship
Early goal-directed therapy
Protective isolation
Patient education
Utilization management
Infection prevention and control
Respiratory-driven protocols
Decontamination