Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor; it constricts arteries, which increases the resistance against which the heart has to pump blood, effectively making it harder for the heart to pump blood through the body. The result is enhanced shear stress on vessel walls, and repeated nicotine exposure contributes to accelerated health problems that are a function of chronic vascular injury such as coronary artery disease, acute cardiac ischemic events, and hypertension Studies have shown that nicotine exposure contributes to stroke, peptic ulcer disease, and esophageal reflux. Nicotine may also cause wounds to heal more slowly and may be associated with reproductive toxicity.<unk>  requires frequent periods of chewing throughout the day which can lead to jaw soreness. People with dental problems should also be cautious from the effects of constant<unk>  chewing and should consult their dentist before using the<unk> . Muscle control Two unpleasant symptoms which affect some new users and existing users who make excessive use of<unk> , are hiccups and a perceived constriction of the throat muscles, as accidental swallowing of saliva containing high amounts of nicotine may cause irritation.
Nicotine gum
Nicotine lozenge
Nicotine patch
Nicotine nasal spray
Nicotine polacrilex
Syrup of ipecac
Saw palmetto extract
Herbal cigarette