Parkinson's disease In its pill form,<unk>  is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. It is most often used as an adjunct to drugs such as levodopa (L-DOPA), although it has been used off-label as a monotherapy. The rationale for adding<unk>  to levodopa is to decrease the required dose of levodopa and thus reduce the motor complications of levodopa therapy.<unk>  delays the point when levodopa treatment becomes necessary from about 11 months to about 18 months after diagnosis. There is some evidence that<unk>  acts as a neuroprotectant and reduces the rate of disease progression, though this is disputed.<unk>  has also been used off-label as a palliative treatment for dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Depression<unk>  is also delivered via a transdermal patch used as a treatment for major depressive disorder. Administration of transdermal<unk>  bypasses hepatic first pass metabolism. This avoids an inhibition of gastrointestinal and hepatic MAO-A activity resulting in an increase in blood of food-borne tyramine and possible adverse effects, while sufficient amount of<unk>  reach the brain for an antidepressant effect. A quantitative review published in 2015 found that for the pooled results of the pivotal trials, the number needed to treat (a sign of effect size, so a low number is better) for the patch for symptom reduction was 11, and for remission, was 9. The number needed to harm (inverse of the NNT, a high number here is better) ranged from 387 for sexual side effects to 7 for application site reaction. With regard to the likelihood to be helped or harmed (LHH), the analysis showed that the<unk>  patch was 3.6 times as likely to lead to a remission vs. a discontinuation due to side effects; the LHH for remission vs. incidence of insomnia was 2.1; the LHH for remission vs. discontinuation due to insomnia was 32.7. The LHH for remission vs. insomnia and sexual dysfunction were both very low. Special populations For all human uses and all forms,<unk>  is pregnancy category C: studies in pregnant lab animals have shown adverse effects on the fetus but there are no adequate studies in humans.
Selegiline
Rasagiline
Perhexiline
Bedaquiline
Deutetrabenazine
Rimonabant
Belinostat
Tetrabenazine