Age-standardised<unk>  rates.<unk> s are seen globally and are a serious concern at the individual and population level. By 2050, it is estimated that there will be six million cases of<unk> s worldwide. One study published in 2001 found that in the US alone, 310,000 individuals were hospitalized due to<unk> s, which can account for 30% of Americans who were hospitalized that year. Another study found that in 2011, femur neck fractures were among the most expensive conditions seen in US hospitals, with an aggregated cost of nearly $4.9 billion for 316,000 inpatient hospitalizations. Rates of<unk> s is declining in the United States, possibly due to increased use of bisphosphonates and risk management. Falling, poor vision, weight, and height are all seen as risk factors. Falling is one of the most common risk factors for<unk> s. Approximately 90% of<unk> s are attributed to falls from standing height. Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with<unk> s and the cost to the health system, in England and Wales, the National<unk>  Database is a mandatory nationwide audit of care and treatment of all<unk> s. Population All populations experience<unk> s but numbers vary with race, gender, and age. Women suffer three times as many<unk> s as men. In a lifetime, men have an estimated 6% risk whereas postmenopausal women have an estimated 14% risk of suffering a<unk> . These statistics provide insight over a lifespan, and conclude that women are twice as likely to suffer a<unk> . The overwhelming majority of<unk> s occur in white individuals, while blacks and Hispanics have a lower rate of them. This may be due to their generally greater bone density and also because whites have longer overall lifespan and higher likelihood of reaching an advanced age where the risk of breaking a<unk>  goes up. Deprivation is also a key factor: in England, it has been found that people in the poorest parts of the country are more likely to fracture a<unk>  and less likely to recover well than those in the least deprived areas. Age related Age is the most dominant factor in<unk>  injuries, with most cases occurring in people over 75. The increase of age is related to the increase of the incidence of<unk> , which is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in centenarians, overcoming congestive heart failure and respiratory infection. Falls are the most common cause of<unk> s; around 30–60% of older adults fall each year. This increases the risk for<unk>  and leads to the increased risk of death in older individuals, the rate of one year mortality is seen from 12 to 37%. For those remaining patients who do not suffer from mortality, half of them need assistance and cannot live independently. Also, older adults sustain<unk> s because of osteoporosis, which is a degenerative disease due to age and decrease in bone mass. The average age for suffering a<unk>  is 77 years old for women and 72 years old for men.
Hip fracture
Osteoarthritis
Bosworth fracture
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome
Hume fracture
Hernia
Holdsworth fracture
Avascular necrosis