Pathology specimens of the esophagus in patients with<unk>  show no significant abnormality, unlike patients with achalasia, where destruction of the Auerbach's plexus is seen. The pathophysiology of<unk>  may be related to abnormalities in<unk> urotransmitters or other mediators in the distal esophagus. Abnormalities in nitric oxide levels, which have been seen in achalasia, are postulated as the primary abnormality. As GERD is associated with<unk> , the alterations in nitric oxide and other released chemicals may be in response to reflux.
Nutcracker esophagus
Barrett's esophagus
Esophageal web
Esophageal achalasia
Esophageal candidiasis
Esophageal stricture
Herpes esophagitis
Lymphocytic esophagitis