Engraving of the eighth print of A Rake's Progress, depicting inmates at Bedlam Asylum, by William Hogarth<unk> , madness, lunacy, and craziness are terms that describe a spectrum of individual and group behaviors that are characterized by certain abnormal mental or behavioral patterns.<unk>  can be manifest as violations of societal norms, including a person or persons becoming a danger to themselves or to other people. Conceptually, mental<unk>  also is associated with the biological phenomenon of contagion (that mental illness is infectious) as in the case of copycat suicides. In contemporary usage, the term<unk>  is an informal, un-scientific term denoting "mental instability"; thus, the term<unk>  defense is the legal definition of mental instability. In medicine, the general term psychosis is used to include the presence either of delusions or of hallucinations or both in a patient; and psychiatric illness is "psychopathology", not mental<unk> . In English, the word "sane" derives from the Latin adjective sanus meaning "healthy". Juvenal's phrase mens sana in corpore sano is often translated to mean a "healthy mind in a healthy body". From this perspective,<unk>  can be considered as poor health of the mind, not necessarily of the brain as an organ (although that can affect mental health), but rather refers to defective function of mental processes such as reasoning. Another Latin phrase related to our current concept of sanity is "compos mentis" (lit. "sound of mind"), and a euphemistic term for<unk>  is "non compos mentis". In law, mens rea means having had criminal intent, or a guilty mind, when the act (actus reus) was committed. A more informal use of the term<unk>  is to denote something or someone considered highly unique, passionate or extreme, including in a positive sense. The term may also be used as an attempt to discredit or criticize particular ideas, beliefs, principles, desires, personal feelings, attitudes, or their proponents, such as in politics and religion.
Insanity
Morbid love
Homicidal ideation
Violence
Gender dysphoria
Self-disorder
Asociality
Moral insanity