The country with the highest incidence of HUS is Argentina and it performs a key role in the research of this condition. In the United States, the overall incidence of HUS is estimated at 2.1 cases per 100,000 persons/year, with a peak incidence between six months and four years of age. HUS and the E. coli infections that cause it have been the source of much negative publicity for the FDA, meat industries, and fast-food restaurants since the 1990s, especially in the contaminations linked to Jack in the Box restaurants. In 2006, an epidemic of harmful E. coli emerged in the United States due to contaminated spinach. In June, 2009, Nestlé Toll House cookie dough was linked to an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 in the United States, which sickened 70 people in 30 states. In May, 2011 an epidemic of bloody diarrhea caused by E. coli O104:H4-contaminated fenugreek seeds hit Germany. Tracing the epidemic revealed more than 3,800 cases, with HUS developing in more than 800 of the cases, including 36 fatal cases. Nearly 90% of the HUS cases were in adults.
Hemolytic–uremic syndrome
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Artificial heart valve
SAHA syndrome
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome