<unk> s occur most commonly after lower segment caesarean sections (about 83-93% of cases). The possible mechanisms by which<unk> s occur following caesarean sections include undetected bladder injury during caesarean section, inadvertent placement of a suture through the bladder during the repair of the uterus and abnormal blood vessel connections following multiple caesarean sections. It may also present following use of obstetric forceps, manual placenta removal, external cephalic version, morbidly adherent placenta, surgical removal of fibroids, rupture of the uterus, perforation of the uterus and radiation therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer.<unk>  can also occur as a birth defect in conjunction with vaginal atresia.
Vesicouterine fistula
Obstetric fistula
Uterine incarceration
Uterine perforation
Uterine prolapse
Ovarian vein syndrome
Ectopic pregnancy
Hematometra