Fetal Heart Rate and Activity<unk>  - Baby<unk> <unk> s for home or hospital use differ in the following ways: *Manufacturer: popular manufacturers Baby<unk> , Sonoline, Ultrasound Technologies, Newman Medical, Nicolet (purchased by Natus), Arjo-Huntleigh, and Summit<unk>  (now Cooper Surgical). *Probe type: waterproof or not. Waterproof probes are used for water births. *Probe frequency: 2-MHz or 3-MHz probes. Most practitioners can find the heart rate with either probe. A 3-MHz probe is recommended to detect a heart rate in early pregnancy (8–10 weeks gestation). A 2-MHz probe is recommended for pregnant women who are overweight. The newer EchoHeart 5-MHz transvaginal probes aids in the detection of fetal heart tones (FHT) early in pregnancy (6–8 weeks) and for patients who have a retroverted uterus or throughout pregnancy for FHT detection for women who are obese. *Heart rate display: some<unk> s automatically display the heart rate on a built-in LCD; for others the fetal heart rate must be counted and timed by the practitioner. A major advantage of being able to record and share the recording is that it can be emailed to a healthcare professional to be checked if there are any concerns about whether or not it is the fetus's heart rate and whether or not is normal. Typically, they work from about 12 weeks. In response to increasing home usage of clinical fetal<unk>  systems, the FDA issued a formal statement recommending against at-home use. Fetal<unk> s using 2-3MHz ultrasound are prescription devices designed and developed for use by licensed and trained health care professionals. System misuse (duration, angulation) and systems operating outside of intended range can produce thermal and non-thermal effects on fetal tissue, including the possibility for over-heating fetal tissue and introducing mechanical stress on the fetus due to cavitation, radiation force, and acoustic streaming. The use of the word Sonicaid for<unk> s comes from the products of the UK company Sonicaid Ltd. Sonicaid products included the D205/206 portable fetal<unk> s and FM2/3/4 series of fetal<unk> s. The company was acquired by Oxford Instruments in 1987 to form Oxford Sonicaid.
Doppler fetal monitor
Fetal EEG
Fetal echocardiography
Fetal scalp stimulation test
Nonstress test
Fetal scalp blood testing
Trial of labour
Intrauterine pressure catheter