<unk>  is caused by an increase in the urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, and/or oxalate.<unk>  is closely associated with nephrolithiasis, and patients frequently present with both conditions, however there have been cases where one occurs without the other. Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystals form when the concentration of the reactants exceeds the limit. The deposits are collected in the inner medullary interstitium in the basement membranes of the thin limbs of the loop of Henle. The calcium phosphate plaques can enlarge into the surrounding interstitial tissue, or even rupture into the tubule lumen and can promote calcium oxalate stone formation.
Nephrocalcinosis
Calcinosis
Chondrocalcinosis
Osteosclerosis
Dysosteosclerosis
Papillomatosis
Osteoporosis
Hyperthecosis