While<unk> s offer many advantages for investigating a single disease, their adaptive nature and potential for numerous and complicated arms limit the ability to execute<unk> s.<unk> s require a large number of experts for trial design, Data Monitoring and Safety Boards and operations leading to high cost and communication complexity. That<unk> s can run for long periods of time may mean that updates to the standard of care in the control group are necessary, complicating analysis. Further, care must be taken to ensure that the data from late-added arms are compared to appropriate sub-sections of the control group, further adding to statistical complexity. Too, publishing results of terminated arms may be complicated if the whole trial has not yet completed, as shared data in the trial may still need to remain blinded. Further, the complexity of<unk>  designs, which may have multiple sponsors and funding sources as well as changing treatment arms, can make them difficult to register in standardized databases.<unk> s, again due to their complexity, require long planning times and can therefore be a poor choice of design for therapies that require immediate investigation. Finally, funding mechanisms can become complicated if a trial is investigating different therapies from different pharmaceutical companies; and their ill-defined trial lengths make them less desirable funding targets from federal funding agencies.
Platform trial
Mixing study
Agent study
Analysis of clinical trials
Montreal experiments
Subgroup analysis
Solidarity trial
Sensitivity training