<unk>  for measurement of room temperature. Daniel Fahrenheit's<unk>  was far more reliable and accurate than any that had existed before, and the<unk><unk> s in use today are made in the way Fahrenheit devised. Danzig-born Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a pioneer of exact<unk> y (or precision<unk> y). He invented the<unk><unk>  (first practical, accurate<unk>  and Fahrenheit scale (first standardized temperature scale to be widely used). The<unk> -in-glass or<unk><unk>  was invented by physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in Amsterdam (1714). It consists of a bulb containing<unk>  attached to a<unk>  tube of narrow diameter; the volume of<unk>  in the tube is much less than the volume in the bulb. The volume of<unk>  changes slightly with temperature; the small change in volume drives the narrow<unk>  column a relatively long way up the tube. The space above the<unk>  may be filled with nitrogen gas or it may be at less than atmospheric pressure, a partial vacuum. In order to calibrate the<unk> , the bulb is made to reach thermal equilibrium with a temperature standard such as an ice/water mixture, and then with another standard such as water/vapour, and the tube is divided into regular intervals between the fixed points. In principle,<unk> s made of different material (e.g., coloured alcohol<unk> s) might be expected to give different intermediate readings due to different expansion properties; in practice the substances used are chosen to have reasonably linear expansion characteristics as a function of thermodynamic temperature, and so give similar results. In the first decades of the 18th century in the Dutch Republic, Daniel Fahrenheit made two revolutionary breakthroughs in the history of<unk> y. He invented the<unk>  (first widely used, accurate, practical<unk>  and Fahrenheit scale (first standardized temperature scale to be widely used). The application of<unk>  (1714) and Fahrenheit scale (1724) for liquid-in-glass<unk> s ushered in a new era of accuracy and precision in<unk> y, and in 1966 was regarded as one of the most accurate<unk> s available.
Mercury-in-glass thermometer
Thermoluminescent dosimeter
Hemoximetry
Keratometer
Evaporimetry
CO-oximeter
Carbon monoxide detector
Alcohol thermometer