Typical atrial flutter is recognized on an electrocardiogram by presence of characteristic "flutter waves" at a regular rate of 200 to 300 beats per minute. Flutter waves may not be evident on an ECG in atypical forms of atrial flutter. Individual flutter waves may be symmetrical, resembling p-waves, or maybe asymmetrical with a "sawtooth" shape, rising gradually and falling abruptly or vice versa. If atrial flutter is suspected clinically but is not clearly evident on ECG, acquiring a Lewis lead ECG may be helpful in revealing flutter waves. Classification There are two<unk>  of atrial flutter, the common<unk> I and rarer<unk> II. Most individuals with atrial flutter will manifest only one of these. Rarely someone may manifest both<unk> ; however, they can manifest only one<unk> at a time.<unk> I AV nodal block. Atrial flutter with a two to one block. Note the P waves hiding in the T waves in leads V1 and V2<unk> I atrial flutter, also known as common atrial flutter or typical atrial flutter, has an atrial rate of 240 to 340 beats/minute. However, this rate may be slowed by antiarrhythmic agents. The reentrant loop circles the right atrium, passing through the cavo-tricuspid isthmus – a body of fibrous tissue in the lower atrium between the inferior vena cava, and the tricuspid valve.<unk> I flutter is further divided into two subtypes, known as counterclockwise atrial flutter and clockwise atrial flutter depending on the direction of current passing through the loop. * Counterclockwise atrial flutter (known as cephalad-directed atrial flutter) is more commonly seen. The flutter waves in this rhythm are inverted in ECG leads II, III, and aVF. * The re-entry loop cycles in the opposite direction in clockwise atrial flutter, thus the flutter waves are upright in II, III, and aVF.<unk> II<unk> II (atypical) atrial flutter follows a significantly different re-entry pathway to<unk> I flutter, and is typically faster, usually 340–350 beats/minute. Atypical atrial flutter rarely occurs in people who have not undergone previous heart surgery or previous catheter ablation procedures. Left atrial flutter is considered atypical and is common after incomplete left atrial ablation procedures. Atypical atrial flutter originating from the right atrium and heart's septum have also been described.
types of Supraventricular tachycardia
medical cause of Ventricular tachycardia
medical cause of Ventricular fibrillation
symptoms of Brugada syndrome
medical cause of Supraventricular tachycardia
symptom of Brugada syndrome
complications of Atrial fibrillation
symptom of Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia