There are numerous reasons that each of the four processes can occur (detailed in each article). Generally speaking, sources of<unk>  gain include: # Retention of carbon dioxide # Production of nonvolatile<unk> s from the metabolism of proteins and other organic molecules # Loss of bicarbonate in feces or urine # Intake of<unk> s or<unk>  precursors Sources of<unk>  loss include: # Use of hydrogen ions in the metabolism of various organic anions # Loss of<unk>  in the vomitus or urine # Gastric aspiration in hospital # Severe diarrhea # Carbon dioxide loss through hyperventilation
Acid–base disorder
Hypoxia 
Acidosis
Anoxia
Electrolyte imbalance
Alkaline tide
Hypercapnia
Alkalosis