To date there have been no clinical trials to determine effective treatment for this disease. Some patients have been treated with somatostatin analogs. Although the cough associated with<unk>  tends to diminish on this treatment, improvement in pulmonary function has not been clearly demonstrated. There are also reports of symptomatic treatment with long- and short-acting beta agonists. Although steroids, both oral and inhaled, have been used in the setting of<unk> , there is no clear improvement with this treatment. It is not uncommon for typical carcinoids to arise within<unk> . Due to presence of these tumors,<unk>  is classified as a pre-malignant condition. Although there have been reports of atypical carcinoids with local lymph node involvement, there are no reports of more aggressive neuroendocrine tumors, such as large cell neuroendocrine or small cell lung cancer, associated with<unk> . When isolated bronchial carcinoids are diagnosed, oncology guidelines recommend surgical resection with lymph node sampling. However, as multiple carcinoids may develop in the setting of<unk> , a more conservative approach is often considered to preserve lung function.
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
Granulomatous–lymphocytic interstitial lung disease
Pulmonary atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
Atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumour
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection
Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor
Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema