It is associated with multiple genes: Type OMIM Gene Locus ATFB1 ? 10q22-q24 ATFB2 ? 6q ATFB3 KCNQ1 11 ATFB4 KCNE2 21 ATFB5 ? 4q25 ATFB6 NPPA 1p36-p35 ATFB7 KCNA5 12p13 ATFB8 ? 16q22 Mutations in the KCNQ1 gene cause<unk> . The KCNE2 and KCNJ2 genes are associated with<unk> . A small percentage of all cases of<unk>  are associated with changes in the KCNE2, KCNJ2, and KCNQ1 genes. These genes provide instructions for making proteins that act as channels across the cell membrane. These channels transport positively charged potassium ions into and out of cells. In heart muscle, the ion channels produced from the KCNE2, KCNJ2, and KCNQ1 genes play critical roles in maintaining the heart's normal rhythm. Mutations in these genes have been identified in only a few families worldwide. These mutations increase the activity of the channels, which changes the flow of potassium ions between cells. This disruption in ion transport alters the way the heart beats, increasing the risk of syncope, stroke, and sudden death. Most cases of atrial<unk>  are not caused by mutations in a single gene. This condition is often related to structural abnormalities of the heart or underlying heart disease. Additional risk factors for atrial<unk>  include high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes mellitus, a previous stroke, or an accumulation of fatty deposits and scar-like tissue in the lining of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Although most cases of atrial<unk>  are not known to run in families, studies suggest that they may arise partly from genetic risk factors. Researchers are working to determine which genetic changes may influence the risk of atrial<unk> .<unk>  appears to be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and only one copy of the defective gene - inherited from one parent - is sufficient to cause the disorder.
Familial atrial fibrillation
Familial aortic dissection
Long QT syndrome
Short QT syndrome
Isolated atrial amyloidosis
Phidippides cardiomyopathy
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm
Familial hypercholesterolemia