When the antepartum diagnosis of<unk><unk>  is made, it is usually based on ultrasound findings in the second or third trimester. Sonographic findings that may be suggestive of<unk><unk>  include: # Loss of normal hypoechoic retroplacental zone # Multiple vascular lacunae (irregular vascular spaces) within<unk> , giving "Swiss cheese" appearance # Blood vessels or<unk> l tissue bridging uterine-placental margin, myometrial-bladder interface, or crossing the uterine serosa # Retroplacental myometrial thickness of <1 mm # Numerous coherent vessels visualized with 3-dimensional power Doppler in basal view Unfortunately, the diagnosis is not easy and is affected by a significant interobserver variability. In doubtful cases it is possible to perform a nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI) of the pelvis, which has a very good sensitivity and specificity for this disorder. MRI findings associated with<unk><unk>  include dark T2 bands, bulging of the uterus, and loss of the dark T2 interface. Although there are isolated case reports of<unk><unk>  being diagnosed in the first trimester or at the time of abortion <20 weeks' gestational age, the predictive value of first-trimester ultrasound for this diagnosis remains unknown. Women with a<unk>  previa or "low-lying<unk> " overlying a uterine scar early in pregnancy should undergo follow-up imaging in the third trimester with attention to the potential presence of<unk><unk> .
Placenta accreta spectrum
After-birth abortion
Instillation abortion
Septic abortion
Toxic abortion
Puppy pregnancy syndrome
complications of Mastitis
complications of Pregnancy