The pocedure of conjunctival swabs. Cultures are not often taken or needed as most cases resolve either with time or typical antibiotics. If bacterial conjunctivitis is suspected, but no response to topical antibiotics is seen, swabs for bacterial culture should be taken and tested. Viral culture may be appropriate in epidemic case clusters. A patch test is used to identify the causative allergen in allergic conjunctivitis. Although conjunctival scrapes for cytology can be useful in detecting chlamydial and fungal infections, allergy, and dysplasia, they are rarely done because of the cost and the general dearth of laboratory staff experienced in handling ocular specimens. Conjunctival incisional biopsy is occasionally done when granulomatous diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis) or dysplasia are suspected. Classification Conjunctivitis may be classified either by cause or by extent of the inflamed area. Causes * Allergy * Bacteria * Viruses * Chemicals * Autoimmune Neonatal conjunctivitis is often grouped separately from bacterial conjunctivitis because it is caused by different bacteria than the more common cases of bacterial conjunctivitis. By extent of involvement Blepharoconjunctivitis is the dual combination of conjunctivitis with blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids). Keratoconjunctivitis is the combination of conjunctivitis and keratitis (corneal inflammation). Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis is the combination of conjunctivitis with blepharitis and keratitis. It is clinically defined by changes of the lid margin, meibomian gland dysfunction, redness of the eye, conjunctival chemosis and inflammation of the cornea. Differential diagnosis Some more serious conditions can present with a red eye, such as infectious keratitis, angle-closure glaucoma, or iritis. These conditions require the urgent attention of an ophthalmologist. Signs of such conditions include decreased vision, significantly increased sensitivity to light, inability to keep the eye open, a pupil that does not respond to light, or a severe headache with nausea. Fluctuating blurring is common, due to tearing and mucoid discharge. Mild photophobia is common. However, if any of these symptoms is prominent, considering other diseases such as glaucoma, uveitis, keratitis, and even meningitis or carotico-cavernous fistula is important. A more comprehensive differential diagnosis for the red or painful eye includes: * Corneal abrasion * Subconjunctival hemorrhage * Pinguecula * Blepharitis * Dacryocystitis * Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) * Keratitis * Herpes simplex * Herpes zoster * Episcleritis - an inflammatory condition that produces a similar appearance to conjunctivitis, but without discharge or tearing * Uveitis * Acute angle-closure glaucoma * Endophthalmitis * Orbital cellulitis
symptom of Trichinosis
symptom of Chlamydia
symptom of Taeniasis
symptom of Bacterial vaginosis
symptom of Gonorrhea
symptom of Dysentery
symptom of Tularemia
symptom of Campylobacteriosis