A rapid dipstick test is available to determine the presence of V.<unk> e. In those samples that test positive, further testing should be done to determine antibiotic resistance. In epidemic situations, a clinical diagnosis may be made by taking a patient history and doing a brief examination. Treatment is usually started without or before confirmation by laboratory analysis. Stool and swab samples collected in the acute stage of the disease, before antibiotics have been administered, are the most useful specimens for laboratory diagnosis. If an epidemic of<unk>  is suspected, the most common causative agent is V.<unk> e O1. If V.<unk> e serogroup O1 is not isolated, the laboratory should test for V.<unk> e O139. However, if neither of these organisms is isolated, it is necessary to send stool specimens to a reference laboratory. Infection with V.<unk> e O139 should be reported and handled in the same manner as that caused by V.<unk> e O1. The associated diarrheal illness should be referred to as<unk>  and must be reported in the United States.
Cholera
Travelers' diarrhea
Dysentery
Polymeal
Miliary fever
Malaria
Jamaican vomiting sickness
Milk sickness