The cause of<unk>  is most commonly unknown (idiopathic). Excessive duration and/or intensity of activities that mimic valsalva manoeuvres, i.e. that increase intrathoracic pressure, can cause barotrauma, and hence pregnancy (and constipation and other causes of excessive straining) can be a precipitating cause of<unk> . Indeed, it is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 100,000 live births and is associated with prolonged labour times. Additionally, vomiting and coughing have also been noted as occasional precipitating factors.<unk> 's is thus unsurprisingly occasionally known to be associated with asthma (i.e. frequent coughing), excessive alcohol use (i.e. frequent vomiting) and inhalational illicit substance use (such as cocaine use). Despite these associations, often, no precipitating cause is found.
Hamman's syndrome
Wartenberg's syndrome
Susac's syndrome
Liddle's syndrome
Banti's syndrome
Renpenning's syndrome
Wilkinson's syndrome
Satchmo's syndrome