<unk>  refers to an abnormal communication between the bladder and uterus. The first case of<unk>  was reported in 1908. It was however first described in 1957 by Abdel Fattah Youssef, an obstetrician and gynaecologist in Kasr el-Aini hospital, Cairo, Egypt. It is characterized by a<unk>  above the level of the internal os, absence of menstrual bleeding, cyclical presence of blood in urine and absence of urinary incontinence with a patent cervical canal following a lower segment caesarean section. Six of such cases had been reported by other clinicians before the term Menouria was coined by Youssef.
Vesicouterine fistula
Obstetric fistula
Uterine incarceration
Uterine perforation
Uterine prolapse
Ovarian vein syndrome
Ectopic pregnancy
Hematometra