A<unk>  (RASSL) or designer receptor exclusively<unk>  by designer drugs (DREADD), is a class of artificially engineered protein receptors used in the field of chemogenetics which are selectively<unk>  by certain<unk> s. They are used in biomedical research, in particular in neuroscience to manipulate the activity of neurons. Originally differentiated by the approach used to engineer them, RASSLs and DREADDs are often used interchangeably now to represent an engineered receptor-ligand system. These systems typically utilize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) engineered to respond exclusively to<unk><unk> s, like clozapine N-oxide (CNO), and not to endogenous<unk> s. Several types of these receptors exists, derived from muscarinic or κ-opioid receptors.
Receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand
GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator
Protein kinase inhibitor
Cysteine-rich secretory protein
TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Tumor M2-PK
CCR5 receptor antagonist