Central cyanosis Central cyanosis is often due to a circulatory or ventilatory problem that leads to poor blood oxygenation in the lungs. It develops when<unk> al oxygen saturation drops below 85% or 75%. Acute cyanosis can be a result of asphyxiation or choking and is one of the definite signs that ventilation is being blocked. Child with congenital heart<unk>  with central cyanosis that is worsened by measles. Note the bluish-purple discoloration of the fingernails, lips, eyelids, and nose, along with prominent nail clubbing. Central cyanosis may be due to the following causes: # Central nervous system (impairing normal ventilation): #* Intracranial hemorrhage #* Drug overdose (e.g. heroin) #* Generalized tonic–clonic seizure (GTCS) # Respiratory system: #* Pneumonia #* Bronchiolitis #* Bronchospasm (e.g. asthma) #* Pulmonary hypertension #* Pulmonary embolism #* Hypoventilation #* Chronic obstructive pulmonary<unk> , or COPD (emphysema) # Cardiovascular system: #* Congenital heart<unk>  (e.g. Tetralogy of Fallot, right to left shunts in heart or great vessels) #* Heart failure #* Valvular heart<unk>  #* Myocardial infarction # Hemoglobinopathies: #* Methemoglobinemia #* Sulfhemoglobinemia #* Polycythemia #* Congenital cyanosis (HbM Boston) arises from a mutation in the α-codon which results in a change of primary sequence, H → Y. Tyrosine stabilises the Fe(III) form (oxyhaemoglobin) creating a permanent T-state of Hb.peripheral vascular<unk> . # Others: #* High altitude, cyanosis may develop in ascents to altitudes >2400 m. #* Hypothermia #* Frostbite #* Obstructive sleep apnea<unk>  cyanosis<unk>  cyanosis is the blue tint in fingers or extremities, due to an inadequate or obstructed circulation. The blood reaching the extremities is not oxygen-rich and when viewed through the skin a combination of factors can lead to the appearance of a blue color. All factors contributing to central cyanosis can also cause<unk>  symptoms to appear but<unk>  cyanosis can be observed in the absence of heart or lung failures. Small blood vessels may be restricted and can be treated by increasing the normal oxygenation level of the blood. right heart hypertrophy, the direction of blood flow reverses, sending deoxygenated blood through the patent duct directly into the descending aorta while sparing the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian<unk> , therefore causing the differential cyanosis.<unk>  cyanosis may be due to the following causes: * All common causes of central cyanosis * Reduced cardiac output (e.g. heart failure or hypovolemia) * Cold exposure * Chronic obstructive pulmonary<unk>  (COPD) *Arterial obstruction (e.g.<unk>  vascular<unk> , Raynaud phenomenon) * Venous obstruction (e.g. deep vein thrombosis) Differential cyanosis This illustration depicts a self-induced local (tissue) hypoxia on the right hand (right side of the picture) versus a normal left hand (left side of the picture). The cyanosis was achieved by inflating and tightening the blood pressure cuff on the right arm.Differential cyanosis is the bluish coloration of the lower but not the upper extremity and the head. This is seen in patients with a patent ductus<unk> osus. Patients with a large ductus develop progressive pulmonary vascular<unk> , and pressure overload of the right ventricle occurs. As soon as pulmonary pressure exceeds aortic pressure, shunt reversal (right-to-left shunt) occurs. The upper extremity remains pink because deoxygenated blood flows through the patent duct and directly into the descending aorta while sparing the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian<unk> es.
symptom of Peripheral artery disease
symptom of Cardiovascular disease
symptom of Coronary artery disease
symptom of Deep vein thrombosis
symptom of Avascular necrosis
symptom of Arthritis
symptom of Myocardial infarction
symptom of Heart failure