Complications after<unk>  are relatively uncommon. * PVD – Posterior vitreous detachment does not directly threaten vision. Even so, it is of increasing interest because the interaction between the vitreous body and the retina might play a decisive role in the development of major pathologic vitreoretinal conditions. PVD may be more problematic with younger patients, since many patients older than 60 have already gone through PVD. PVD may be accompanied by peripheral light flashes and increasing numbers of floaters. Slit lamp photo of IOL showing Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) visible a few months after implantation of Intraocular lens in eye, seen on retroillumination * PCO – Some people can develop a posterior capsular opacification (PCO), also called an after-cataract. As a physiological change expected after<unk> , the posterior capsular cells undergo hyperplasia and cellular migration, showing up as a thickening, opacification and clouding of the posterior lens capsule (which is left behind when the<unk>  was removed, for placement of the IOL). This may compromise visual acuity and the ophthalmologist can use a device to correct this situation. It can be safely and painlessly corrected using a laser device to make small holes in the posterior lens capsule of the crystalline. It usually is a quick outpatient procedure that uses a Nd-YAG laser (neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet) to disrupt and clear the central portion of the opacified posterior pole of the capsule (posterior capsulotomy). This creates a clear central visual axis for improving visual acuity. In very thick opacified posterior capsules, a surgical (manual) capsulectomy is the surgical procedure performed. A YAG capsulotomy is, however, a factor which must be taken in consideration in the event of IOL replacement as vitreous can migrate toward the anterior chamber through the opening hitherto occluded by the IOL. * Posterior capsular tear may be a complication during<unk> . The rate of posterior capsular tear among skilled surgeons is around 2% to 5%. It refers to a rupture of the posterior capsule of the natural lens. Surgical management may involve anterior vitrectomy and, occasionally, alternative planning for implanting the intraocular lens, either in the ciliary sulcus, in the anterior chamber (in front of the iris), or, less commonly, sutured to the sclera. * Retinal detachment normally occurs at a prevalence of 1 in 1,000 (0.1%), but patients who have had<unk>  are at an increased risk (0.5–0.6%) of developing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD)the most common form of retinal detachment.<unk>  speeds up the rate of vitreous humor liquefaction and this leads to increased rates of RRD. When a retinal tear occurs, vitreous liquid enters the space between the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and presents as flashes of light (photopsia), dark floaters, and loss of peripheral vision. * Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome or TASS is a non-infectious inflammatory condition that may occur following<unk> . It is usually treated with topical corticosteroids in high dosage and frequency. * Endophthalmitis is a serious infection of the intraocular tissues, usually following intraocular surgery, or penetrating trauma. There is some concern that the clear cornea incision might predispose to the increase of endophthalmitis but there is no conclusive study to corroborate this suspicion. An intracameral injection of antibiotics may be used as a preventive measure. * Glaucoma may occur and it may be very difficult to control. It is usually associated with inflammation, specially when little fragments or chunks of the nucleus get access to the vitreous cavity. Some experts recommend early intervention when this condition occurs (posterior pars plana vitrectomy). Neovascular glaucoma may occur, specially in diabetic patients. In some patients, the intraocular pressure may remain so high that blindness may ensue. * Swelling or edema of the central part of the retina, called macula, resulting in macular edema, can occur a few days or weeks after surgery. Most such cases can be successfully treated. Preventative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been reported to reduce the risk of macular edema to some extent. * Uveitis–Glaucoma–Hyphema syndrome: This is a complication of<unk>  caused due to the mechanical irritation of mispositioned intraocular lens over iris, ciliary body or iridocorneal angle. * Other possible complications include: Swelling or edema of the cornea, sometimes associated with cloudy vision, which may be transient or permanent (pseudophakic bullous keratopathy). Displacement or dislocation of the intraocular lens implant may rarely occur. Unplanned high refractive error (either myopic or hypermetropic) may occur due to error in the ultrasonic biometry (measure of the length and the required intraocular lens power). Cyanopsia, in which the patient sees everything tinted with blue, often occurs for a few days, weeks or months after removal of a<unk> . Floaters commonly appear after surgery.
Cataract surgery
Glaucoma surgery
Ocular prosthesis
Retinal implant
Eye surgery
Glaucoma medication
Refractive surgery
Pre-Descemet's Endothelial Keratoplasty