<unk>  is used to treat serious pain from a nerve root that has become inflamed. This can be caused by: 1. a herniated disc when other non-surgical treatments have failed. The nucleus pulposus (the jelly-like center of the disc) of the herniated disc bulges out through the annulus (surrounding wall) and presses on the nerve root next to it. 2. degenerative disc disease (spondylosis). The disc consists of about 80% water. When one grows older, the disc starts to dry out and shrink, causing small tears in the annulus and inflammation of the nerve root.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Microsurgical lumbar laminoplasty
Intervertebral disc arthroplasty
Intervertebral disc annuloplasty
Interbody fusion cage
Instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion
Occipital cryoneurolysis
Condylar decompression