alt Both the American Red Cross and UK National Health Service (NHS) advise that, as a first resort, a rescuer should encourage the patient to cough out the obstruction. As a second resort, the rescuer should give five slaps on the back, after bending the patient forward.<unk>  are recommended only if these methods fail. As with the European Resuscitation Council and the Mayo Clinic, they recommend a repeating cycle of 5 back slaps and 5<unk> . They are not recommended on babies below the age of 1. In contrast to the prevailing American and European advice, the Australian Resuscitation Council recommends chest<unk>  instead of<unk> . Performing<unk>  involves a rescuer standing behind an upright patient, and using their hands to exert forceful pressures on the bottom of the diaphragm. As an example, WebMD recommends making a fist with one hand grasping it with the other, to press with both just above the person's bellybutton. This compresses the lungs and exerts pressure on any object lodged in the trachea, hopefully expelling it. The pressure amounts to an artificially induced cough. To assist a larger person, more force may be needed. The Mayo Clinic recommends the same placement of fist and hand and upward<unk>  as if you are trying to lift the person. If the victim can not receive pressures on the abdomen (for example, in case of pregnancy or excessive obesity), chest<unk>  are advised instead. These are applied on the lower half of the chest bone, but not in the very endpoint (which is the xiphoid process and could be broken). If the victim is not upright, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends positioning the person on their back, then straddling the torso and using chest<unk> . It is possible for still-conscious choking victims to perform the procedure on themselves, without assistance. However, this can be difficult, so, in this cases and some others (disabled people, etc.), the use of an anti-choking device is recommended. Due to the forceful nature of the procedure, even when done correctly,<unk>  can injure the person on whom it is performed. Bruising to the abdomen is highly likely and more serious injuries can occur, including fracture of the xiphoid process or ribs. The NHS recommend that anyone who has been subjected to<unk>  should seek a medical examination afterwards. Researchers at Royal Brompton Hospital have demonstrated that similar intrathoracic pressures (50–60 cmH2O) are produced by a first aider performing<unk>  inwards as are produced when the force is directed inwards and upwards. They argue that this may be easier to perform with less concern about injury to ribcage or upper<unk>  organs. Self-administered<unk>  by study participants produced similar pressures to those generated by first aiders. The highest pressures were produced by participants performing an<unk> onto the back of a chair (115 cmH2O).
Abdominal thrusts
Nipple discharge
Growing Pains
Rectal discharge
Boggy uterus
Vaginal discharge
Cervical enlargement
Neck spasm