If a person is fully awake and has no pain in the<unk> , medical imaging of the<unk>  is not needed. Classification Fractures of the superior (in two places) and inferior pubic rami on the person's right, in a person who has had prior hip replacements<unk> s are most commonly described using one of two classification systems. The different forces on the<unk>  result in different fractures. Sometimes they are determined based on stability or instability. Tile classification The Tile classification system is based on the integrity of the posterior sacroiliac complex. In type A injuries, the sacroiliac complex is intact. The<unk>  ring has a stable fracture that can be managed nonoperatively. Type B injuries are caused by either external or internal rotational forces resulting in partial disruption of the posterior sacroiliac complex. These are often unstable. Type C injuries are characterized by complete disruption of the posterior sacroiliac complex and are both rotationally and vertically unstable. These injuries are the result of great force, usually from a motor vehicle crash, fall from a height or severe compression. Young-Burgess classification Superior view,<unk>  Types (2006). Force and break are shown by matching color: Anteroposterior compression type I (orange), Anteroposterior compression type II (green), Anteroposterior compression type III (blue); Lateral compression type I (red), Lateral compression type II (purple), F. Lateral compression type III (black). Increased force and breaks are shown by increasing size. This fracture is best viewed anteriorly, while the other fractures are viewed superiorly. The arrow indicates where the force is coming from, and the colored lines indicate where the break occurs. The Young-Burgess classification system is based on mechanism of injury: anteroposterior compression type I, II and III, lateral compression types I, II and III, and vertical shear, or a combination of forces. Lateral compression (LC) fractures involve transverse fractures of the pubic rami, either ipsilateral or contralateral to a posterior injury. * Grade I – Associated sacral compression on side of impact * Grade II – Associated posterior iliac ("crescent") fracture on side of impact * Grade III – Associated contralateral sacroiliac joint injury The most common force type, lateral compression (LC) forces, from side-impact automobile accidents and pedestrian injuries, can result in an internal rotation. The superior and inferior pubic rami may fracture anteriorly, for example. Injuries from shear forces, like falls from above, can result in disruption of ligaments or bones. When multiple forces occur, it is called combined mechanical injury (CMI). The best imaging modality to use for this classification is probably a<unk>  CT scan. Open book fracture One specific kind of<unk>  is known as an 'open book' fracture. This is often the result of a heavy impact to the groin (pubis), a common motorcycling accident injury. In this kind of injury, the left and right halves of the<unk>  are separated at front and rear, the front opening more than the rear, i.e. like an open book that falls to the ground and splits in the middle. Depending on the severity, this may require surgical reconstruction before rehabilitation. Forces from an anterior or posterior direction, like head-on car accidents, usually cause external rotation of the hemipelvis, an “open-book” injury. Open fractures have an increased risk of infection and hemorrhaging from vessel injury, leading to higher mortality.
Pelvic fracture
Low back pain
Acetabular fracture
Spinal fracture
Hip fracture
Femoral fracture
Sacral fracture
Knee dislocation