A newborn infant in neonatal care placed under blue light (420–470 nm) phototherapy lamp without clothes or just wearing a diaper to treat newborn jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia). Nutrient deficiency Vitamin D deficiency Exposure to photons (light) at specific wavelengths of narrowband UVB enables the body to produce vitamin D to treat vitamin D deficiency. Skin conditions High-intensity blue light (425 nm) used for the attempted treatment of acne.<unk>  treatments for the skin usually involve exposure to ultraviolet light. The exposures can be to a small area of the skin or over the whole body surface, as in a tanning bed. The most common treatment is with narrowband UVB, which has a wavelength of approximately 311–313 nanometers. Full body phototherapy can be delivered at a doctor's office or at home using a large high-power UVB booth. Tanning beds, however, generate mostly UVA light, and only 4% to 10% of tanning bed light is in the UVB spectrum. Acne vulgaris evidence for<unk>  and lasers in the treatment of acne vulgaris was not sufficient to recommend them. There is moderate evidence for the efficacy of blue and blue-red<unk> es in treating mild acne, but most studies are of low quality. While<unk>  appears to provide short-term benefit, there is a lack of long-term outcome data or data in those with severe acne. Atopic dermatitis<unk>  is considered one of the best monotherapy treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) when applied to patients who have not responded to traditional topical treatments. The therapy offers a wide range of options: UVA1 for acute AD, NB-UVB for chronic AD, and balneophototherapy have proven their efficacy. Patients tolerate the therapy safely but, as in any therapy, there are potential adverse effects and care must be taken in its application, particularly to children. Cancer According to the American Cancer Society, there is some evidence that ultraviolet<unk>  may be effective in helping treat certain kinds of skin cancer, and ultraviolet blood irradiation therapy is established for this application. However, alternative uses of light for cancer treatment – light box therapy and colored<unk>  – are not supported by evidence. Photodynamic therapy (often with red light) is used to treat certain superficial non-melanoma skin cancers. Psoriasis For psoriasis, UVB phototherapy has been shown to be effective. A feature of psoriasis is localized inflammation mediated by the immune system. Ultraviolet radiation is known to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammatory responses.<unk>  for skin conditions like psoriasis usually use 313 nanometer UVB though it may use UVA (315–400 nm wavelength) or a broader spectrum UVB (280–315 nm wavelength). UVA combined with psoralen, a drug taken orally, is known as PUVA treatment. In UVB phototherapy the exposure time is very short, seconds to minutes depending on intensity of lamps and the person's skin pigment and sensitivity. Vitiligo About 1% of the human population suffers from vitiligo which causes painless distinct light-colored patches of the skin on the face, hands, and legs. Phototherapy is an effective treatment because it forces skin cells to manufacture melanin to protect the body from UV damage. Prescribed treatment is generally 3 times a week in a clinic or daily at home. About 1 month usually results in re-pigmentation in the face and neck, and 2–4 months in the hands and legs. Narrowband UVB is more suitable to the face and neck and PUVA is more effective at the hands and legs. Wound healing Low level laser therapy has been studied as a potential treatment for chronic wounds, and higher-power lasers have sometimes been successfully used to close acute wounds as an alternative to stitching. However, and due to inconsistent results and the low quality of extant research, reviews in the scientific literature have not supported its widespread application. Other skin conditions Some types of phototherapy may be effective in the treatment of polymorphous light eruption, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and lichen planus. Narrowband UVB between 311–313 nanometers is the most common treatment. Retinal conditions There is preliminary evidence that<unk>  is an effective treatment for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema. Mood and sleep related Seasonal affective disorder The effectiveness of<unk>  for treating seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be linked to the fact that<unk>  makes up for lost sunlight exposure and resets the body's internal clock. Studies show that<unk>  helps reduce the debilitating and depressive behaviors of SAD, such as excessive sleepiness and fatigue, with results lasting for at least 1 month.<unk>  is preferred over antidepressants in the treatment of SAD because it is a relatively safe and easy therapy. Two methods of<unk> , bright light and dawn simulation, have similar success rates in the treatment of SAD. It is possible that response to<unk>  for SAD could be season dependent. Morning therapy has provided the best results because light in the early morning aids in regulating the circadian rhythm. People affected by SAD have low levels of energy and have difficulty concentrating. They usually have a change in appetite and experience trouble sleeping. A 2007 systematic review by the Swedish agency SBU found insufficient evidence that<unk>  was able to alleviate symptoms of depression or seasonal affective disorder. The report recommended that: "Approximately 100 participants are required to establish whether the therapy is moderately more effective than placebo". Although treatment in<unk>  rooms was well established in Sweden, no satisfactory, controlled studies had been published on the subject. This led to the closure of a number of clinics offering<unk>  in Sweden. A Cochrane review conducted in 2019 states the evidence that<unk> 's effectiveness as a treatment for the prevention of seasonal affective disorder is limited, although the risk of adverse effects are minimal. Therefore, the decision to use<unk>  should be based on a person's preference of treatment. Non-seasonal depression<unk>  has also been suggested in the treatment of non-seasonal depression and other psychiatric mood disturbances, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and postpartum depression. A meta-analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration concluded that "for patients suffering from non-seasonal depression,<unk>  offers modest though promising antidepressive efficacy." A 2008 systematic review concluded that "overall, bright<unk>  is an excellent candidate for inclusion into the therapeutic inventory available for the treatment of nonseasonal depression today, as adjuvant therapy to antidepressant medication, or eventually as stand-alone treatment for specific subgroups of depressed patients." A 2015 review found that supporting evidence for<unk>  was limited due to serious methodological flaws. A 2016 meta-analysis showed that bright<unk>  appeared to be efficacious, particularly when administered for 2–5 weeks' duration and as monotherapy. Chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD) In the management of circadian rhythm disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), the timing of light exposure is critical. Light exposure administered to the eyes before or after the nadir of the core body temperature rhythm can affect the phase response curve. Use upon awakening may also be effective for non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder. Some users have reported success with lights that turn on shortly before awakening (dawn simulation). Evening use is recommended for people with advanced sleep phase disorder. Some, but not all, totally blind people whose retinae are intact, may benefit from<unk> . Circadian rhythm sleep disorders and jet lag Situational CRSD<unk>  has been tested for individuals with shift work sleep disorder and for jet lag. Sleep disorder in Parkinson's disease<unk>  has been trialed in treating sleep disorders experienced by patients with Parkinson's disease. Sleep disorder in Alzheimer's disease Studies have shown that daytime and evening<unk>  for nursing home patients with Alzheimer’s disease, who often struggle with agitation and fragmented wake/rest cycles effectively led to more consolidated sleep and an increase in circadian rhythm stability. Neonatal jaundice (Postnatal Jaundice) A newborn infant undergoing white-light phototherapy to treat neonatal jaundice.Light therapy is used to treat cases of neonatal jaundice. Bilirubin, a yellow pigment normally formed in the liver during the breakdown of old red blood cells, cannot always be effectively cleared by a neonate’s liver causing neonatal jaundice. Accumulation of excess bilirubin can cause central nervous system damage, and so this buildup of bilirubin must be treated. Phototherapy uses the energy from light to isomerize the bilirubin and consequently transform it into compounds that the newborn can excrete via urine and stools. Bilirubin is most successful absorbing light in the blue region of the visible light spectrum, which falls between 460-490 nm. Therefore<unk>  technologies that utilize these blue wavelengths are the most successful at isomerizing bilirubin.
Light therapy
Ultraviolet light therapy
Vision therapy
Audio therapy
GreenLight Laser Therapy
Laser blended vision
Pinhole glasses
Browline glasses