<unk>  <unk> , also known as distal esophageal spasm, is a condition characterized by uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus, which may cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or regurgitation. In some cases, it may cause symptoms such as chest pain, similar to heart disease. In many cases, the cause of<unk>  remains unknown. Certain abnormalities on x-ray imaging are commonly observed in<unk> , such as a "corkscrew esophagus" or "rosary bead esophagus", although these findings are not unique to this condition. Specialized testing called manometry can be performed to evaluate the motor function of the esophagus, which can help identify abnormal patterns of muscle contraction within the esophagus that are suggestive of<unk> . The treatment of<unk>  consists primarily of medications, such as acid suppressing agents (like proton-pump inhibitors), calcium channel blockers, hyoscine butylbromide, or nitrates. In only extremely rare cases, surgery may be considered. People with<unk>  have higher incidences of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), neuromuscular diseases, and degenerative neurological disorders.
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Heartburn
Esophageal spasm
Esophageal achalasia
Esophageal candidiasis
Nutcracker esophagus
Esophageal stricture
Lymphocytic esophagitis