Prenatal<unk>  can be seen as a part of developmental<unk> , although historically it was developed in the heterogenous field of psychoanalysis. Its scope is the description and explanation of experience and behaviour of the individual before birth and postnatal consequences as well. In so far as the actual birth process is involved one can consider this<unk><unk> . Pre- and<unk>  aspects are often discussed together.<unk>  explores the<unk> cal and psychophysiological effects and implications of the earliest experiences of the individual, before birth (prenatal), as well as during and immediately after childbirth<unk> . Although there are various perspectives on the topic, a common thread is the importance of prenatal and<unk>  experiences in the shaping the future<unk> cal development. There is a debate among scientists regarding the extent to which newborn infants are capable of forming memories, the effects of any such memories on their personality, and the possibility of recovering them from an unconscious mind, which itself is the subject of argument in the field. A widespread assumption concerning the prenatal phase was that the fetus is almost completely shielded from outside stimuli. Thus, perception and consciousness would develop after birth. Meanwhile, there is a great number of scientific studies which show clearly that behaviour, perception and learning is already developed before birth. This also holds for nonhuman species, as for rat fetuses acoustic conditioning can be demonstrated.
Prenatal and perinatal psychology
Endocrinology of parenting
Birth control
Birth control 
Nutrition psychology
Prenatal care
Prenatal nutrition
Pregnancy options counseling