On funduscopic eye examination, the retinal vessels in early<unk>  appear tortuous and dilated, mainly confined to the peripheral and temporal portions of retina. In moderate to severe<unk> , massive retinal detachment and hemorrhage from the abnormal vessels may be seen. Imaging findings Computed Tomography image of a patient with<unk> , showing total exudative retinal detachment in the right eye.Imaging studies such as ultrasonography (US), Computerized Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can aid diagnosis. On ultrasound,<unk>  appears as a hyperechoic mass in the posterior vitreous without posterior acoustic shadowing; vitreous and subretinal hemorrhage may often be observed. On CT, the globe appears hyperdense compared to normal vitreous due to the proteinaceous exudate, which may obliterate the vitreous space in advanced disease. The anterior margin of the subretinal exudate enhances with contrast. Since the retina is fixed posteriorly at the optic disc, this enhancement has a V-shaped configuration. On MRI, the subretinal exudate shows high signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The exudate may appear heterogeneous if hemorrhage or fibrosis is present. The subretinal space does not enhance with gadolinium contrast. Mild to moderate linear enhancement may be seen between the exudate and the remaining vitreous. The exudate shows a large peak at 1–1.6 ppm on proton MR spectroscopy. Pathologic findings A case of<unk> , showing total retinal detachment with subretinal exudate containing cholesterol crystals and a fibrous nodule in the posterior pole.Grossly, retinal detachment and yellowish subretinal exudate containing cholesterol crystals are commonly seen. A case of<unk> , showing total exudative retinal detachment, and subretinal exudate containing cholesterol crystals (H&E).Microscopically, the wall of retinal vessels may be thickened in some cases, while in other cases the wall may be thinned with irregular dilatation of the lumen. The subretinal exudate consists of cholesterol crystals, macrophages laden with cholesterol and pigment, erythrocytes, and hemosiderin. A granulomatous reaction, induced by the exudate, may be seen with the retina. Portions of the retina may develop gliosis as a response to injury.
Coats' disease
Dercum's disease
Van Buchem disease
Swaim's Panacea
TRIANGLE disease
Darier's disease
Lev's disease
Berylliosis