There are four forms: * alpha<unk><unk>  (Seligmann's<unk>  * gamma<unk><unk>  (Franklin's<unk>  * mu<unk><unk>  * delta<unk><unk>  IgA/αHCD The most common type of<unk>  is the IgA type, known as αHCD. The most common type of αHCD is the gastrointestinal form (known as immunoproliferative small intestine<unk>  or IPSID), but it has also been reported in the respiratory tract, and other areas of the body. IgG/γHCD Franklin's<unk>  (gamma<unk>  It is a very rare B-cell lymphoplasma cell proliferative disorder which may be associated with autoimmune<unk> s and infection is a common characteristic of the<unk> . It is characterized by lymphadenopathy, fever, anemia, malaise, hepatosplenomegaly, and weakness. The most distinctive symptom is palatal edema, caused by nodal involvement of Waldeyer's ring. Diagnosis is made by the demonstration of an anomalous serum M component that reacts with anti-IgG but not anti-light<unk>  reagents. Bone marrow examination is usually nondiagnostic. Patients usually have a rapid downhill course and die of infection if left untreated or misdiagnosed. Patients with Franklin<unk>  usually have a history of progressive weakness, fatigue, intermittent fever, night sweats and weight loss and may present with lymphadenopathy (62%), splenomegaly (52%) or hepatomegaly (37%). The fever is considered secondary to impaired cellular and humoral immunity, and thus recurrent infections are the common clinical presentation in Franklin<unk> . Weng et al. described the first case of Penicillium sp. infection in a patient with Franklin<unk>  and emphasized the importance of proper preparation for biopsy, complete hematologic investigation, culture preparation and early antifungal coverage to improve the outcome. The γHCD can be divided into three categories based on the various clinical and pathological features. These categories are disseminated lymphoproliferative<unk> , localized proliferative<unk>  and no apparent proliferative<unk> . * Disseminated lymphoproliferative<unk>  is found in 57-66% of patients diagnosed with γHCD. Lymphadenopathy and constitutional symptoms are the usual features. * Localized proliferative<unk>  is found in approximately 25% of γHCD patients. This is characterized by a localization of the mutated<unk><unk> s in extramedullary tissue, or solely in the bone marrow. * No apparent proliferative<unk>  is seen in 9-17% of patients with γHCD, and there is almost always an underlying autoimmune disorder. IgM/μHCD The IgM type of<unk> , μHCD, is often misdiagnosed as chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) because the two<unk> s are often associated with each other and show similar symptoms.
Heavy chain disease
AL amyloidosis
Light chain deposition disease
AA amyloidosis
Monoclonal gammopathy
Familial renal amyloidosis
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Haemodialysis-associated amyloidosis