Stress reduction techniques such as yoga, meditation and exercise may help to eliminate stress and create a more peaceful sleeping atmosphere. Diagnosis and medication can only be given to patients that report the recurring<unk> s to a psychiatrist or other physician. Medications like prazosin are sometimes used to treat<unk> s in people with PTSD. Therapy usually helps to deal with the frightening themes of the<unk> s and alleviate the recurrence of the dreams. The persistent<unk> s will usually improve as the patient gets older. Therapy is usually efficient to treat chronic<unk> s in PTSD<unk>  or in other population. Medication has shown efficacy to treat chronic<unk> s among a PTSD population but the impact of pharmacological treatments on other populations, such as drug-related<unk> s, are unknown. Furthermore, patients usually take more than one medication at a time, whatever the cause related to<unk> s, leading to possible interactive effects. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated a significant<unk> s’ reduction, especially for the treatment of PTSD. Silver, Brooks and Obenchain have found a decrease of the<unk> s with Vietnam War veterans after 90 days of EMDR. Jayatunge has found significant results with people who have survived to a tsunami. Greenwald has successfully used the EMDR with children. There wasn't any negative consequence due to the EMDR sessions. Imagery rehearsal therapy has been shown as efficient to treat<unk>  in PTSD as well as in non PTSD populations. In this treatment, the person has to write a new scenario of the<unk>  with positive images that will be rehearsed during 10 to 20 minutes per day, in order to change the negative content of the<unk> . Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is also efficient to treat<unk> s in the PTSD population. This method aims to change sleep habits with a clinician's help and the use of tools such as a sleep diary. Exposure, relaxation and rescripting therapy is used to treat PTSD-related<unk> s. This intervention combines Imagery Rehearsal Therapy with exposure and relaxation techniques. The main objective is to work on the trauma-related themes of<unk> s. Research has been undertaken to investigate if sufferers of<unk> s could benefit from the ability to be aware that they are indeed dreaming, a process known as lucid dreaming. The Lucid Dreaming Therapy is a specific method of the Imagery Rehearsal Therapy. The dreamer is conscious during his dream and can modulate it. Consequently, anxiety decreases, controllability increases, expectations change, which will impact the frequency of<unk> s. Several studies have shown significant results with the lucid dreaming therapy. Two studies indicate a decrease of the<unk>  frequency after only 12 weeks and one study shows, in 80% of the cases, a total disappearance of the<unk> s after one year. Although these studies showed the efficacy of this therapy in the reduction of<unk>  frequency on patients from the general population, so far evidence for this treatment is still weak. Systematic Desensitization, using graduated exposure, has been shown to be efficient to treat chronic<unk> s. The person has to face the frightening elements of<unk> s in a gradually way, from the less to the most stressful. When the person starts to feel unsecure, she has to manage the stress by applying a relaxation technique. Pharmacological treatments Pharmacological treatments could be also efficient to treat<unk> . Most of the treatments were assessed to patients suffering from PTSD. The most efficient is an alpha-blocker, Prazosin, which reduces tone during sleep by blocking noradrenergic receptors. Prazosin would significantly decrease the number of PTSD related<unk> s and would therefore improve sleep quality. However, only few studies considered the effect of Prazosin in idiopathic<unk> s. Benzodiazepines are also often used to treat<unk> , despite the lack of efficacy demonstrated in empirical studies. Some patients were also treated with atypical antipsychotic medications. Olanzapine has quickly decreased the<unk> s. Two studies have shown the positive effects of Risperidone. Aripiprazole is more tolerated than olanzapine and has demonstrated substantial improvement in the<unk>  frequency. Some other drugs as clonidine, cyproheptadine, fluvoxamine, gabapentin, nabilone, phenelzine, topiramate or trazodone have presented an amelioration of the<unk> s. But some further researches are needed.
Nightmare disorder
Exploding head syndrome
Idiopathic hypersomnia
Listener fatigue
Advanced sleep phase disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Jurosomatic illness
Interictal dysphoric disorder