Although relatively few side effects are associated with<unk>  use, these side effects can be very serious. These include anaphylaxis, volume overload, pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, or platelet dysfunction. An uncommon but significant complication of<unk>  osmotic effect is acute kidney injury. The pathogenesis of this kidney failure is the subject of many debates with direct toxic effect on tubules and glomerulus versus intraluminal hyperviscosity being some of the proposed mechanisms. Patients with history of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, or vascular disorders are most at risk. Brooks and others recommend the avoidance of<unk>  therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Dextran
Acemannan
Icodextrin
Macrogol
Geritol
Oxycyte
Chitosan
Methyl cellulose