<unk><unk>  cranial<unk><unk>  can be treated with strabismus surgery, where muscle attachment sites on the globe are modified to realign the eyes. Some eye doctors prefer conservative or no management of<unk> . Other eye doctors recommend surgery early in a patient's life to prevent the compensatory torticollis and facial asymmetry that develop with age. Prism lenses set to make minor optical changes in the vertical alignment may be prescribed instead of or after surgery to fine-tune the correction. Prism lenses do not address torsional misalignment and this may limit their use in certain cases. An additional consideration of prism lenses is that they must be worn at all times. Prism lenses reduce vertical fusional demands by allowing the eyes to rest in their vertically misaligned state. When they are removed the patient may experience vertical diplopia they find hard to resolve due to the rested state of their eyes. Cases of<unk>  vary in magnitude and way they affect the motion of the superior oblique muscle. Therefore, different surgeries are available dependent upon the type of misalignment. Sometimes surgery on more than one eye muscle is required. In some simpler, unilateral cases a single surgery may suffice. In these cases the main problem is that the inferior oblique muscle of the same eye acts unopposed by the weakened superior oblique muscle, pulling the eye up. An example of a safe and effective procedure is a disinsertion of the inferior oblique muscle to allow it to reattach itself<unk> er down the globe of the eye. This acts to 'weaken' its action and allow the eye to move back into a more neutral alignment. In all cases of<unk> , it is important to see an experienced strabismologist about management/treatment options. A strabismologist is an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) specialising in eye movement disorders. A Cochrane Systematic Review compared several surgical treatments (myectomy, recession, anterior transposition, disinsertion) in people with<unk><unk><unk> . While there was not enough high-quality evidence to recommend the best surgical treatment, all four types of surgery did result in a reduction of hypertropia. One study comparing inferior oblique anterior transposition with disinsertion found that participants who underwent anterior transposition had a greater proportion of participants who had resolved head tilt, and a lesser proportion of participants requiring a second surgery, compared to disinsertion. However, all participants who underwent anterior transposition developed elevation deficiency.
Congenital fourth nerve palsy
Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia
Choroid plexus tumor
Morning glory disc anomaly
Choroid plexus papilloma
Athetoid cerebral palsy
Tonic tensor tympani syndrome
Choroid plexus cyst