1946 military<unk>  on the effects of wind on humans<unk>  is systematic, scientific investigation that can be either interventional (a "trial") or observational (no "test article") and involves human beings as<unk> <unk> s, commonly known as test<unk> s.<unk>  can be either medical (clinical)<unk>  or non-medical (e.g., social science)<unk> . Systematic investigation incorporates both the collection and analysis of data in order to answer a specific question. Medical<unk>  often involves analysis of biological specimens, epidemiological and behavioral studies and medical chart review studies. (A specific, and especially heavily regulated, type of medical<unk>  is the "clinical trial", in which drugs, vaccines and medical devices are evaluated.) On the other hand,<unk>  in the social sciences often involves surveys which consist of questions to a particular group of people. Survey methodology includes questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups.<unk>  is used in various fields, including<unk>  into advanced biology, clinical medicine, nursing, psychology, sociology, political science, and anthropology. As<unk>  has become formalized, the academic community has developed formal definitions of<unk> ", largely in response to abuses of human<unk> s.
Human subject research
Clinical trials publication
Human experimentation in North Korea
Candidate of Medicine
Clinical trial naming conventions
Clinical research ethics
Clinical research associate
Phases of clinical research