<unk>  <unk>  is a form of acquired epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain<unk>  brain injury, abbreviated TBI). A person with<unk>  suffers repeated<unk><unk>  seizures (PTS, seizures that result from TBI) more than a week after the initial injury.<unk>  is estimated to constitute 5% of all cases of epilepsy and over 20% of cases of acquired epilepsy (in which seizures are caused by an identifiable organic brain condition). It is not known how to predict who will develop epilepsy after TBI and who will not. However, the likelihood that a person will develop<unk>  is influenced by the severity and type of injury; for example penetrating injuries and those that involve bleeding within the brain confer a higher risk. The onset of<unk>  can occur within a short time of the physical trauma that causes it, or months or years after. People with head trauma may remain at a higher risk for<unk><unk>  seizures than the general population even decades after the injury.<unk>  may be caused by several biochemical processes that occur in the brain after trauma, including overexcitation of brain cells and damage to brain tissues by free radicals. Diagnostic measures include electroencephalography (EEG) and brain imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, but these are not totally reliable. Antiepileptic drugs do not prevent the development of<unk>  after head injury, but may be used to treat the condition if it does occur. When medication does not work to control the seizures, surgery may be needed. Modern surgical techniques for<unk>  have their roots in the 19th century, but trepanation (cutting a hole in the skull) may have been used for the condition in ancient cultures.
Post-traumatic epilepsy
Musicogenic epilepsy
Generalized epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Rolandic epilepsy
Vertiginous epilepsy
Catamenial epilepsy
Northern epilepsy syndrome