A 1939 conceptual illustration showing various ways that typhoid bacteria can contaminate a water well (center) Bacteria The Gram-negative bacterium that causes<unk>  is Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi. Based on MLST subtyping scheme, the two main sequence types of the S. Typhi are ST1 and ST2, which are widespread globally. Global phylogeographical analysis showed dominance of a haplotype 58 (H58), which probably originated in India during the late 1980s and is now spreading through the world with multi-drug resistance. A more detailed genotyping scheme was reported in 2016 and is now being used widely. This scheme reclassified the nomenclature of H58 to genotype 4.3.1. Transmission Unlike other strains of Salmonella, no animal carriers of typhoid are known. Humans are the only known carriers of the bacterium. S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi is spread by the fecal-oral route from people who are infected and from asymptomatic carriers of the bacterium. An asymptomatic human carrier is someone who is still excreting typhoid bacteria in their stool a year after the acute stage of the infection. Pathogenesis of<unk>
Typhoid fever
Leptospirosis
Trench fever
Lassa fever
Cotton fever
Boutonneuse fever
Yellow fever
Paratyphoid fever