Cysts associated with hypothyroidism or other endocrine problems are managed by treating the underlying condition. About 95% of<unk> s are benign, not cancerous. Functional cysts and hemorrhagic<unk> s usually resolve spontaneously. However, the bigger an<unk>  is, the less likely it is to disappear on its own. Treatment may be required if cysts persist over several months, grow, or cause increasing pain. Cysts that persist beyond two or three menstrual cycles, or occur in post-menopausal women, may indicate more serious disease and should be investigated through ultrasonography and laparoscopy, especially in cases where family members have had ovarian cancer. Such cysts may require surgical biopsy. Additionally, a blood test may be taken before surgery to check for elevated CA-125, a tumour marker, which is often found in increased levels in ovarian cancer, although it can also be elevated by other conditions resulting in a large number of false positives. Pain Pain associated with<unk> s may be treated in several ways: * Pain relievers such as acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or opioids. * While hormonal birth control prevents the development of new cysts in those who frequently get them, it is not useful for the treatment of current cysts. Surgery Although most cases of<unk> s involve monitoring, some cases require surgery. This may involve removing the cyst, or one or both ovaries. Technique is typically laparoscopic, unless the cyst is particularly large, or if pre-operative imaging suggests malignancy or complex anatomy. In certain situations, the cyst is entirely removed, while with cysts with low recurrence risk, younger patients, or which are in anatomically eloquent areas of the pelvis, they can be drained. Features that may indicate the need for surgery include: * Persistent complex<unk> s * Persistent cysts that are causing symptoms * Complex<unk> s larger than 5 cm * Simple<unk> s larger 10 cm or larger than 5 cm in postmenopausal patients * Women who are menopausal or perimenopausal
Ovarian cyst
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction
Paraovarian cyst
Uterine fibroid  s  1
Ovarian fibroma
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Ovarian pregnancy
Ovarian torsion