Treatment of<unk> s varies from one patient to another depending on the level, cause and extent of<unk>  in addition to patient factors such as comorbidities and preferences. Treatment options include minimally invasive palliative procedures such as Nephrostomy tube insertion or<unk>  stents insertion or ureteral balloon catheter dilatation. Procedures such as Rendez-vous and reconstructive surgeries such as flaps or using ileum to reconstruct ureters are used and had various success rates. Technology is driving more hope finding more treatment options, laparoscopic assisted robotic techniques are developing and been reported while tissue engineering for reconstruction is not developed yet as it is in other urological reconstruction topics.
Ureteric stricture
Glomerulonephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Pyonephrosis
Urethral stricture
Obstructive uropathy
Bladder stone
Vesicoureteral reflux