A 20th-century illustration of a severe case of an "S" shaped<unk>  Symptoms associated with<unk>  can include: * Pain in the back, shoulders, neck, ribs and buttock pain nearest the bottom of the back * Respiratory or cardiac problems in severe cases * Constipation due to curvature causing "tightening" of the stomach, intestines, etc. * Limited mobility secondary to pain or functional limitation in adults mostly when twisting the torso. The signs of<unk>  can include: * Uneven musculature on one side of the spine * Rib prominence or a prominent shoulder blade, caused by rotation of the rib cage in thoracic<unk>  * Uneven hips, arms, or leg lengths * Slow nerve action * Uneven posture * Heart and lung problems in severe cases * Calcium deposits in the cartilage endplate and sometimes in the disc itself Course People who have reached skeletal maturity are less likely to have a worsening case. Some severe cases of<unk>  can lead to diminishing lung capacity, pressure exerted on the heart, and restricted physical activities. Recent longitudinal studies reveal that the most common form of the condition, late-onset idiopathic<unk> , causes little physical impairment other than back pain and cosmetic concerns, even when untreated, with mortality rates similar to the general population. Older beliefs that untreated idiopathic<unk>  necessarily progresses into severe (cardiopulmonary) disability by old age have been refuted by later studies.
Scoliosis
Poliosis
Kyphoscoliosis
Hip dysplasia
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Tooth ankylosis
Back strain
Metaphyseal dysplasia