Not all cysts require treatment. Many pancreatic<unk> s improve and disappear by themselves. If the cysts are small and are not causing symptoms, careful observation with periodic CT scans is often done.<unk> s that persist over many months or that cause symptoms require treatment. Supportive medical care used to help small<unk> s go away includes the use of intravenous fluids, analgesics, and antiemetics. Doctors often recommend a low-fat diet for those who can tolerate oral intake. Surgery is usually required in the treatment of<unk> s with symptoms or complications. There are three main methods for draining a pancreatic<unk> : endoscopic drainage, percutaneous catheter drainage, or open surgery. Endoscopic drainage tends to be the preferred method due to it being less invasive and having a high long-term success rate. Percutaneous drainage involves the guidance of a CT scan or ultrasound. A drainage catheter is placed into the fluid cavity to drain the fluid, which is then collected over several weeks into an external collection system. The catheter is removed when the drainage becomes minimal. Once the catheter is removed, contrast is injected into the cyst cavity to determine the remaining size and to monitor progress. The success rate is around 50%, and the unsuccessful drainages are mostly caused by large ductal leaks or blockage of the main pancreatic duct. This method is not recommended when patients cannot manage a catheter at home or with patients whose cysts contain bloody or solid material. Surgical drainage of a<unk>  involves creating a pathway between the<unk>  cavity and the stomach or small bowel. This method is generally only used if the patient cannot tolerate or failed percutaneous or endoscopic drainage. This method is more risky than the others. Endoscopic drainage is becoming the preferred method of draining<unk> s because it is less invasive, does not require external drain, and has a large long-term success rate. Drainage is usually achieved with a transpapillary approach with ERCP. Sometimes a direct drainage across the stomach or duodenal wall is used instead. The transpapillary approach is used when the<unk>  is in communication with the main pancreatic duct, and is also successful in patients with pancreatic duct disruption. Transgastric or transduodenal approaches are used when the<unk>  is next to the gastro-duodenal wall. Endoscopic ultrasound is the most commonly used test to gather the needed information about the<unk>  for this method. The endoscopic method depends on the presence of a bulge into the stomach or duodenum to determine the site for catheterization. Inherent risks include missing the<unk> , injuring nearby vessels, and inefficient placement of the catheter. In patients with chronic<unk> s, this approach has a 90% success rate. Recurrence after drainage is around 4%, and the complication rate is below 16%. To treat adrenal<unk> s, an adrenalectomy or laproscopy may be used.
Pseudocyst
Cyst
Cystitis cystica
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Keratocyst
Pancreatic cyst
Volvulus
Epulis