<unk>  is the process of introducing foreign<unk> tic material, such as DNA or RNA, into host cells.<unk>  must reach the genome of the host cell to induce<unk>  expression. Successful<unk>  requires the foreign<unk>  to remain stable within the host cell and can either integrate into the genome or replicate independently of it. This requires foreign DNA to be synthesized as part of a vector, which is designed to enter the desired host cell and deliver the transgene to that cell's genome. Vectors utilized as the method for<unk>  can be divided into two categories, recombinant viruses and synthetic vectors (viral and non-viral). In complex multicellular eukaryotes (more specifically Weissmanists), if the transgene is incorporated into the host's germline cells, the resulting host cell can pass the transgene to its progeny. If the transgene is incorporated into somatic cells, the transgene will stay with the somatic cell line, and thus its host organism.<unk>  is a necessary step in<unk>  therapy for the introduction or silencing of a<unk>  to promote a therapeutic outcome in patients and also has applications in the<unk> tic modification of crops. There are many different methods of<unk>  for various types of cells and tissues.
Gene delivery
Genome editing
Gene therapy
Therapeutic gene modulation
Gene doping
Human cloning
Biological engineering
Nanoparticle drug delivery