Supplemental oxygen<unk>  prongs A<unk>  is generally used wherever small amounts of supplemental oxygen are required, without rigid control of respiration, such as in oxygen therapy. Most<unk> e can only provide oxygen at low flow rates—up to 5 litres per minute (L/min)—delivering an oxygen concentration of 28–44%. Rates above 5 L/min can result in discomfort to the patient, drying of the<unk>  passages, and possibly nose bleeds (epistaxis). Also with flow rates above 6 L/min, the laminar flow becomes turbulent and the oxygen therapy being delivered is only as effective as delivering 5–6 L/min. The<unk>  is often used in elderly patients or patients who can benefit from oxygen therapy but do not require it to self respirate. These patients do not need oxygen to the degree of wearing a non-rebreather mask. It is especially useful in those patients where vasoconstriction could negatively impact their condition, such as those suffering from strokes. A<unk>  may also be used by pilots and passengers in small, unpressurized aircraft that do not exceed certain altitudes. The<unk>  provides extra oxygen to compensate for the lower oxygen content available for breathing at the low ambient air pressures of high altitude, preventing hypoxia. Special aviation<unk>  systems are manufactured for this purpose. Since the early 2000s, with the introduction of<unk>  which uses heated humidification for respiratory gas humidification, flows above 6 LPM have become possible without the associated discomfort, and with the added benefit of improving mucociliary clearance.<unk>  high-flow therapy High flows of an air/oxygen blend can be administered via a<unk>  to accurately deliver high volume of oxygen therapy. Respiratory gas humidification allows the high flows to be delivered comfortably via the<unk> .<unk>  high-flow therapy can be used as an effective alternative to face mask oxygen and allows the patient to continue to talk, eat and drink while receiving the therapy. Definition: Non-invasive delivery of oxygen air mixture delivered via a<unk>  at flows that exceed the patient's inspiratory flow demands with gas that has been optimally conditioned by warming and humidifying the gas to close to 100% relative humidity at body temperature.
Nasal cannula
Venturi mask
Surgical mask
Nasal spray
Pocket mask
N95 respirator
Oxygen mask
Gas mask