<unk> s have a variety of causes, the majority of which are benign, but can also be due to disease of the motor neurons. They are encountered by up to 70% of all healthy people, though for most, it is quite infrequent. In some cases, the presence of<unk> s can be annoying and interfere with quality of life. If a neurological examination is otherwise normal and EMG testing does not indicate any additional pathology, a diagnosis of benign<unk>  syndrome is usually made. Risk factors Risk factors for benign<unk> s are age, stress, fatigue, and strenuous exercise.<unk> s can be caused by anxiety, caffeine or alcohol and thyroid disease. Magnesium deficiency is a common cause of<unk> . Other factors may include the use of anticholinergic drugs over long periods. In particular, these include ethanolamines such as diphenhydramine (brand names Benadryl, Dimedrol, Daedalon and Nytol), used as an antihistamine and sedative, and dimenhydrinate (brand names Dramamine, Driminate, Gravol, Gravamin, Vomex, and Vertirosan) for nausea and motion sickness. Persons with benign<unk>  syndrome (BFS) may experience paraesthesia (especially numbness) shortly after taking such medication;<unk>  episodes begin as the medication wears off. Stimulants can cause<unk> s directly. These include caffeine, pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), amphetamines, and the asthma bronchodilator salbutamol (brand names Proventil, Combivent, Ventolin). Medications used to treat attention deficit disorder (ADHD) often contain stimulants as well, and are common causes of benign<unk> s. Since asthma and ADHD are much more serious than the<unk> s themselves, this side effect may have to be tolerated by the patient after consulting a physician or pharmacist. The depolarizing neuromuscular blocker succinylcholine causes<unk> s. It is a normal side effect of the drug's administration, and can be prevented with a small dose of a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker prior to the administration of succinylcholine, often 10% of a nondepolarizing NMB's induction dose. Even if a drug such as caffeine causes<unk> s, that does not necessarily mean it is the only cause. For example, a very slight magnesium deficiency by itself (see below) might not be enough for<unk> s to occur, but when combined with caffeine, the two factors together could be enough.
Fasciculation
Fascia
Dystrophy
Synesthesia
Spasticity
Monoplegia
Pallesthesia
Dysesthesia