<unk> , also called neurosurgery for mental disorder or functional neurosurgery, is surgery in which brain tissue is destroyed with the aim of alleviating the symptoms of mental disorder. It was first used in modern times by Gottlieb Burckhardt in 1891, but only in a few isolated instances, not becoming more widely used until the 1930s following the work of Portuguese neurologist António Egas Moniz. The 1940s was the decade when<unk>  was most popular, largely due to the efforts of American neurologist Walter Freeman; its use has been declining since then. Freeman’s particular form of<unk> , the lobotomy, was last used in the 1970s, but other forms of<unk> , such as the cingulotomy and capsulotomy have survived.
History of psychosurgery
History of psychotherapy
History of chemical warfare
History of herbalism
History of dental treatments
History of neurology and neurosurgery
History of surgery
History of depression