<unk> s <unk> s) are secreted glycoproteins that bind to receptor proteins on the surfaces of hemopoietic stem cells, thereby activating intracellular signaling pathways that can cause the cells to proliferate and differentiate into a specific kind of blood cell (usually white blood cells. For red blood cell formation, see erythropoietin). They may be synthesized and administered exogenously. However, such molecules can at a latter stage be detected, since they differ slightly from the endogenous ones in, e.g., features of post-translational modification.
Colony-stimulating factor
Leukemia inhibitory factor
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Erythropoietin
Hemopoietic growth factor
Interleukin