Immunosuppressant therapy given early in<unk>  development This treatment would be effective if it was administered early in the development of<unk> . If<unk>  and type 1 diabetes development was successfully detected in a non-invasive method prior to the extensive loss of insulin secreting beta cells, the administration of immunosuppressant therapy would prevent the immune cell infiltration into the islets of langerhans. This prevention of<unk>  would also serve as a prevention of type 1 diabetes development because if there is no insulin-producing beta cell destruction, the body will be able to produce sufficient levels of glucose. Allogeneic pancreatic islet cell transplantation In this surgical procedure, pancreatic islet cells are obtained from brain-dead donors (often 2 donors are required) and infused into the patient's liver to replace the destroyed islets in the patient. The patient is also started on immunosuppressant therapy to prevent the patient's immune system from damaging the transplanted cells. The transplant takes place under local anesthesia, and an image-guided catheter is inserted percutaneously into the portal vein, a blood vessel that transports blood to the liver. The first reported transplantation took place in 1977. The procedure shows short-term success with some evidence of long-term success. When successful, this procedure results in significantly improved diabetic control and a reduction in hypoglycemic episodes, indicating the implanted insulin-producing beta cells of the islets successfully produce and secrete insulin at the required levels. In a registry study of 112 patients, the islet transplantation failed in 13% of patients, and 76% of patients were insulin-dependent within 2 years of the procedure. The low success rate of a transplant could be due to inadequate numbers of islet cells implanted, engraftment failure of islet cells, islet cell damage in the liver, ineffective immunosuppression, and recurrent autoimmune diabetes. Serious complications may arise from this procedure, however, a majority of transplantation procedures result in no adverse effects for patients. There is also a risk of adverse effects resulting from long-term use of immunosuppressant therapy. While success rates for this procedure have been going up since it was first performed, this procedure is often not offered due to the high rate of rejection by the patient's body and the long-term risk of immunosuppressant therapy. Autologous pancreatic islet cell transplantation This surgical procedure is similar to the allogeneic pancreatic islet cell transplantation, with the major difference being where the implanted pancreatic islets are obtained from. In an autologous pancreatic islet cell transplantation, islet cells are obtained from the patient, whereas in the allogeneic pancreatic islet cell transplantation islet cells were obtained from donors. This procedure is performed along with a pancreatectomy under general anesthesia. First, the pancreatectomy is performed, with the full pancreas only being removed in more extreme cases such as from debilitating pain from chronic pancreatitis, then viable islet cells are isolated and implanted into a patients liver via the portal vein with an image-guided catheter. Because the implanted islet cells come from the patient's body, there is no immune rejection and no need for immunosuppressant therapy. This procedure shows short-term success in improving patient blood-sugar management, but in the long-term most patients end up needing insulin therapy. Complications that arise from this procedure primarily arise from the pancreatectomy.
Insulitis
Cellulitis
Sialidosis
Heat edema
Alcohol tolerance
Adiposis dolorosa
Steatosis
Visual snow