There is a significant correlation between<unk>  frequency and CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells within an<unk>  lesion, and the general consensus within the scientific community is that a lesion in the islets of Langerhans can be diagnosed as<unk>  if it meets the minimum threshold of at least 3 islets infiltrated, each with a minimum of 15 CD45+ cells. One study that was aiming to find the frequency of individuals with type 2 diabetes who fulfilled the<unk>  diagnostic requirements found that the current definition and requirements of<unk>  could not be used to “distinguish pancreases retrieved from individuals with type 1 diabetes from those with type 2 diabetes,” (Lundberg et al., 2017). This study proposed changing the accepted definition of<unk>  to have a positive diagnosis occur when “≥ 15 CD3+ cells, not CD45+ cells, are found in ≥ 3 islets,” (Lundberg et al., 2017) and doing so decreased the percentage of type 2 diabetic patients meeting the criteria for<unk>  from 82% to 28%. A primary challenge to studying the pathogenesis of<unk>  and type 1 and 2 diabetes is due to the lack of an agreement in the definition and diagnostic conditions of<unk> . This lack of consensus exists because there are many different immunophenotyping markers and cell infiltrate thresholds used to distinguish<unk>  from other inflammatory conditions, and due to the small sample size available to study, there is lots of research focused on more clearly identifying the characteristics of<unk> . Due to the islets of Langerhans being small clusters of cells in the pancreas, it is difficult to study and diagnose<unk>  as it requires a pathology report to be taken on donor samples of islets of Langerhans tissue, and as of 2014, there was only histopathological data from ~250 cases. A strategy to test for early type 1 diabetes development, and the likely development of<unk> , is by taking a blood test to measure the islet autoantibody level in a person's circulation. Diagnosis of<unk>  can also occur from imaging the<unk>  lesions using radiological imaging or optical imaging techniques, however the main difficulty with diagnosing<unk>  from images is due to the difficulty of detecting the pancreatic islets within the tissue of the pancreas. Radiological imaging techniques include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and CT scanning.
Insulitis
Cellulitis
Sialidosis
Heat edema
Alcohol tolerance
Adiposis dolorosa
Steatosis
Visual snow