Classification of<unk>  is practised through different models. Some only include the different deformities or absences of the radius, where others also include anomalies of the thumb and carpal bones. The Bayne and Klug classification discriminates four different types of<unk> . A fifth type was added by Goldfarb et al. describing a<unk>  with participation of the humerus. In this classification only anomalies of the radius and the humerus are taken in consideration. James and colleagues expanded this classification by including deficiencies of the carpal bones with a normal distal radius length as type 0 and isolated thumb anomalies as type N. Type N: Isolated thumb anomaly Type 0: Deficiency of the carpal bones Type I: Short distal radius Type II: Hypoplastic radius in miniature Type III: Absent distal radius Type IV: Complete absent radius Type V: Complete absent radius and manifestations in the proximal humerus The term absent radius can refer to the last 3 types.
Radial dysplasia
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Hip dysplasia
Carpal coalition
Metaphyseal dysplasia
Tarsal coalition
Tooth ankylosis
Leri pleonosteosis