<unk> , also known as prehepatic<unk> , is a type of<unk>  arising from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cells, when the byproduct bilirubin is not excreted by the hepatic cells quickly enough. Unless the patient is concurrently affected by hepatic dysfunctions or is experiencing hepatocellular damage, the liver does not contribute to this type of<unk> . As one of the three categories of<unk> , the most obvious sign of<unk>  is the discolouration or yellowing of the sclera and the skin of the patient, but additional symptoms may be observed depending on the underlying causes of hemolysis.<unk>  causes associated with bilirubin overproduction are diverse and include disorders such as sickle cell anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune<unk>  anemia, hemolysis secondary to drug toxicity, thalassemia minor, and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias. Pathophysiology of<unk>  directly involves the metabolism of bilirubin, where overproduction of bilirubin due to hemolysis exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate bilirubin to glucuronic acid. Diagnosis of<unk>  is based mainly on visual assessment of the yellowing of the patient's skin and sclera, while the cause of hemolysis must be determined using laboratory tests. Treatment of the condition is specific to the cause of hemolysis, but intense phototherapy and exchange transfusion can be used to help the patient excrete accumulated bilirubin. Complications related to<unk>  include hyperbilirubinemia and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, which may be deadly without proper treatment.
Hemolytic jaundice
Steatohepatitis
Hepatic encephalopathy
Albinism
Bilirubinuria
Methanol toxicity
Choroideremia
Congestive hepatopathy