Cvtx-II induces the following non-lethal symptoms in crickets: * Quivering, jerking, and hyperextension of the legs * Rapid movement of antenna, mandibles and maxillae * Abdominal contraction * Frequent body arching * Loss of righting reflex * Greatly reduced locomotion * Indications of paralysis Experiments have shown that these symptoms are not in present in cockroaches or mice after Cvtx-II injections. Therefore, Cvtx-II is thought to be an insect species-specific neurotoxic peptide. A dose of 0.2 µmol/g was necessary to immobilize or inactivate 50% of the insects (ID50). After 40–60 minutes, the immobilizing effects disappear.
Covalitoxin-II
Delta-Palutoxin
Chlorotoxin
Maitotoxin
Toxin
Eoxin
Vomitoxin
Psalmotoxin