<unk>  is used in the treatment of all types of seizures, except absence seizures. It is no less effective at seizure control than<unk> nytoin, however<unk>  is not as well tolerated.<unk>  may provide a clinical advantage over carbamazepine for treating partial onset seizures. Carbamazepine may provide a clinical advantage over<unk>  for generalized onset tonic-clonic seizures. Its very long active half-life (53–118 hours) means for some people doses do not have to be taken every day, particularly once the dose has been stabilized over a period of several weeks or months, and seizures are effectively controlled. The first-line drugs for treatment of status epilepticus are benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam or diazepam. If these fail, then<unk> nytoin may be used, with<unk>  being an alternative in the US, but used only third-line in the UK. Failing that, the only treatment is anaesthesia in intensive care. The World Health Organization (WHO) gives<unk>  a first-line recommendation in the developing world and it is commonly used there.<unk>  is the first-line choice for the treatment of neonatal seizures. Concerns that neonatal seizures in themselves could be harmful make most physicians treat them aggressively. No reliable evidence, though, supports this approach.<unk>  is sometimes used for alcohol detoxification and benzodiazepine detoxification for its sedative and anti-convulsant properties. The benzodiazepines chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and oxazepam (Serax) have largely replaced<unk>  for detoxification.<unk>  is useful for insomnia and anxiety. Other uses<unk>  properties can effectively reduce tremors and seizures associated with abrupt withdrawal from benzodiazepines.<unk>  is a cytochrome P450 inducer, and is used to reduce the toxicity of some drugs.<unk>  is occasionally prescribed in low doses to aid in the conjugation of bilirubin in people with Crigler–Najjar syndrome, type II, or in people with Gilbert's syndrome.<unk>  can also be used to relieve cyclic vomiting syndrome symptoms.<unk>  is a commonly used agent in high purity and dosage for lethal injection of "death row" criminals. In infants suspected of neonatal biliary atresia,<unk>  is used in preparation for a 99mTc-IDA hepatobiliary (HIDA; hepatobiliary 99mTc-iminodiacetic acid) study that differentiates atresia from hepatitis or cholestasis.<unk>  is used as a secondary agent to treat newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome, a condition of withdrawal symptoms from exposure to opioid drugs in utero. In massive doses,<unk>  is prescribed to terminally ill people to allow them to end their life through physician-assisted suicide. Like other barbiturates,<unk>  can be used recreationally, but this is reported to be relatively infrequent.
Phenobarbital
Methylphenobarbital
Phenytoin
Amobarbital
Heptobarbital
Mephenytoin
Galantamine
Levetiracetam