Pain<unk>  is used to treat mild to moderate pain. It is commonly used to treat post-surgical dental pain. Weak evidence indicates that it is useful in cancer pain, but it may have increased adverse effects, especially constipation, compared to other opioids. The American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend its use in children due to side effects. The FDA lists age under 12 years old as a contraindication to use. Cough<unk>  is used to relieve coughing. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children. In Europe, it is not recommended as a cough medicine in those under 12 years of age. Some tentative evidence shows it can reduce a chronic cough in adults. Diarrhea It is used to treat diarrhea and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, although loperamide (which is available without a prescription for milder diarrhea), diphenoxylate, paregoric, or even laudanum are more frequently used to treat severe diarrhea. Formulations<unk>  is marketed as both a single-ingredient drug and in combination preparations with paracetamol (as co-codamol: e.g., brands Paracod, Panadeine, and the Tylenol-with-codeine series, including Tylenol 3 and 1, 2, and 4); with aspirin (as co-codaprin); or with ibuprofen (as Nurofen Plus). These combinations provide greater pain relief than either agent alone (drug synergy).<unk>  is also commonly marketed in products containing<unk>  with other pain killers or muscle relaxers, as well as<unk>  mixed with phenacetin (Emprazil with<unk>  No. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac, and others, as well as more complex mixtures, including such mixtures as aspirin + paracetamol +<unk>  ± caffeine ± antihistamines and other agents, such as those mentioned above.<unk> -only products can be obtained with a prescription as a time release tablet.<unk>  is also marketed in cough syrups with zero to a half-dozen other active ingredients, and a linctus (e.g., Paveral) for all of the uses for which<unk>  is indicated. Injectable<unk>  is available for subcutaneous or intramuscular injection only; intravenous injection is contraindicated, as this can result in nonimmune mast-cell degranulation and resulting anaphylactoid reaction.<unk>  suppositories are also marketed in some countries.
Codeine
Morphine
Nalorphine
Ketazolam
Midazolam
Prilocaine
Benzocaine
Fentanyl