<unk>  are a group of physical<unk> , first described in a 1980 article in Spine, and named for the article's principal author, Professor Gordon<unk>  (1943–2017), a Scottish Orthopedic Surgeon.<unk>  may indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic low back pain. Historically they have also been used to detect malingering in patients with back pain. While testing takes less than one minute, it has been described as time-consuming and alternatives have been proposed.
Waddell's signs
Ladin's sign
Piskacek's sign
Peabody's sign
Kelly's sign
Magnan's sign
Murphy's sign
Budin's sign