Fused suture in<unk> <unk>  as a kind of craniosynostosis<unk>  can either occur syndromatic or isolated.<unk>  is associated with the following syndromes: Opitz syndrome, Muenke syndrome, Jacobsen syndrome, Baller–Gerold syndrome and Say–Meyer syndrome. The etiology of<unk>  is mostly unknown although there are three main theories.<unk>  is probably a multifactorial congenital condition, but due to limited proof of these theories this cannot safely be concluded. Intrinsic bone malformation The first theory assumes that the origin of pathological synostosis lies within disturbed bone formation early on in the pregnancy. Causes can either be genetic (9p22–24, 11q23, 22q11, FGFR1 mutation), metabolic (TSH suppletion in hypothyroidism) or pharmaceutical (valproate in epilepsy). Fetal-head constraint The second theory says that synostosis begins when the fetal head gets hindered in the pelvic outlet during birth. Intrinsic brain malformation The third theory predominates disturbed brain formation of the two frontal lobes as the main issue behind synostosis. Limited growth of the frontal lobes leads to an absence of stimuli for cranial growth, therefore causing premature fusion of the metopic suture.
Trigonocephaly
Plagiocephaly
Scaphocephaly
Dolichocephaly
Cebocephaly
Otocephaly
Colpocephaly
Oxycephaly