alt=Torso of a young man with overlaid text of main side-effects of<unk>  overdose. Consumption of per day is associated with a condition known as<unk> sm.<unk> sm usually combines<unk>  dependency with a wide range of unpleasant symptoms including nervousness, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, headaches, and palpitations after<unk>  use.<unk>  overdose<unk> n result in a state of central nervous system over-stimulation known as<unk>  intoxication, a clinically significant temporary condition that develops during, or shortly after, the consumption of<unk> . This syndrome typically occurs only after ingestion of large amounts of<unk> , well over the amounts found in typical<unk> ted beverages and<unk>  tablets (e.g., more than 400–500 mg at a time). According to the DSM-5,<unk>  intoxication may be diagnosed if five (or more) of the following symptoms develop after recent consumption of<unk> : restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis (increased production of urine), gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia (increased heart rate) or<unk> rdiac arrythmia, periods of inexhaustibility, and psychomotor agitation. According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11),<unk> ses of very high<unk>  intake (e.g. > 5 g) may result in<unk>  intoxication with symptoms including mania, depression, lapses in judgement, disorientation, disinhibition, delusions, hallucinations or psychosis, and rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue). Energy drinks High<unk>  consumption in energy drinks (At least 1 liter or 320 mg of<unk>  was associated with short-term<unk> rdiovascular side effects including hypertension, prolonged QT interval and heart palpitations. These<unk> rdiovascular side effects were not seen with smaller amounts of<unk>  consumption in energy drinks (less than 200 mg). Severe intoxication As of 2007 there is no known antidote or reversal agent for<unk>  intoxication, treatment of mild<unk>  intoxication is directed toward symptom relief; severe intoxication may require peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, or hemofiltration. Intralipid infusion therapy is indicated in<unk> ses of imminent risk of<unk> rdiac arrest in order to scavenge the free serum<unk> . Lethal dose Death from<unk>  ingestion appears to be rare, and most commonly<unk> used by an intentional overdose of medications. In 2016, 3702<unk> -related exposures were reported to Poison Control Centers in the United States, of which 846 required treatment at a medical facility, and 16 had a major outcome; and several<unk> -related deaths are reported in<unk> se studies. The LD50 of<unk>  in rats is 192 milligrams per kilogram, the fatal dose in humans is estimated to be 150–200 milligrams per kilogram (2.2 lb) of body mass (75–100 cups of coffee for a adult). There are<unk> ses where doses as low as 57 milligrams per kilogram have been fatal. A number of fatalities have been<unk> used by overdoses of readily available powdered<unk>  supplements, for which the estimated lethal amount is less than a tablespoon. The lethal dose is lower in individuals whose ability to metabolize<unk>  is impaired due to genetics or chronic liver disease. A death was reported in 2013 of a man with liver cirrhosis who overdosed on<unk> ted mints.
Caffeine
Methacholine
Betahistine
Nicotine
Phenylpropanolamine
Molsidomine
Piperoxan
Codeine