The causes are in general unknown. However, a permeable intestine caused by microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated. The exposure to modern-day gluten proteins also causes the release of zonulin. Zonulin regulates intestinal lining tight junctions. HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 gene-carriers are also more prone. A paper published by Finn E. Somnier 15 April 2015 shows co-currence of autoantibodies. Some of the patients have tumours. The number of patients with anti-LGI1 antibodies and tumours have been reported to be between 0 and 11% in anti-LGI-1 antibody positive patients, and between 0-30 % in anti-CASPR2 antibody positive patients. Tumours have not been reported in patients with anti-DPPX antibodies. The associated tumour is often a thymoma.
Anti-VGKC-complex encephalitis
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Anti-Hu associated encephalitis
Anti-neurofascin demyelinating diseases
Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis
Limbic encephalitis
Powassan encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis