In the United States of America, microscopic<unk>  has a prevalence of somewhere between 2% and 31%. Higher rates exist in individuals older than 60 years of age and those with a current or past history of smoking. Only a fraction of individuals with microhematuria are diagnosed with a urologic cancer. When asymptomatic populations are screened with dipstick and/or microscopy medical testing about 2% to 3% of those with<unk>  have a urologic malignancy. Routine screening is not recommended. Individuals with risk factors who undergo repeated testing have higher rates of urologic malignancies. These risks factors include age (>35 years), male gender, previous or current smoking, chemical exposure (e.g., benzenes or aromatic amines), and prior pelvic radiation therapy. Children In pediatric populations, the prevalence is 0.5–2%. Risks factor include older age and female gender. About 5% of individuals with microscopic<unk>  receive a cancer diagnosis. 40% of individuals with macroscopic<unk>  (blood easily visible in the urine) receive a cancer diagnosis.
Hematuria
Pyuria
Anuria
Oliguria
Polyuria
Crystalluria
Dysuria
Microhematuria