The underlying mechanism is unknown, however, Gelbard et al. studied 12 oncogenes or known tumor suppressor gene “hotspots” where mutations in these regions are known to cause other types of neurocarcinomas. They also studied single nucleotide polymorphisms located in vascular endothelial growth factor in order to find sites for finely targeted therapeutics. Spectroscopy-based research done in this study identified 95 common mutations within the 12 hotspots. Of the 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms, none presented a genotype that was an activating mutation. Image:<unk>  - low mag. Low mag. Image:<unk>  - high mag. High mag.
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma
Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma
Nesidioblastoma
Nasal glioma
Ceruminous adenoma
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Medulloepithelioma
Bartholin gland carcinoma