Presentation Corpus callosum<unk>  is characterized by disproportionately large occipital horns of the lateral ventricles (also frontal and temporal ventricles in some cases). MRI and CT scans of patients demonstrate abnormally thick gray matter with thin poorly myelinated white matter. This happens as a result of partial or complete absence of the corpus callosum. Corpus callosum is the band of white matter connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. The corpus callosum plays an extremely important role in interhemispheric communication, thus lack of or absence of these neural fibers results in a number of disabilities. The lemon sign on CT scans of patients refers to the shape of the fetal skull when the frontal bones lose their normal convex contour and appear flattened or inwardly scalloped. This gives the skull a shape similar to that of a lemon. The sign is seen on transverse sonograms of the fetal cranium obtained at the level of the ventricles. A special case is found in literature where lissencephaly,<unk> , and septal agenesis are all present together. The CT scans of the patient shows the ventricular system having a unique appearance of a crown of a king. This is referred to as the 'CROWN SIGN'. Prenatal Diagnosing<unk>  prenatally is difficult because in many cases signs start to appear after birth. Prenatal diagnosis is made by detecting enlargement of either or both occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. Usually prenatal ultrasounds don't show cephalic abnormalities and in cases that they do show abnormality is of low accuracy, making it difficult to diagnose<unk> . Often, abnormalities in prenatal ultrasounds can be misdiagnosed as hydrocephalus. Postnatal After birth, MR imaging can be done to look for cephalic abnormalities. This is the most commonly used method for diagnosing<unk> . Physicians look for abnormally large occipital horns of the lateral ventricles and diminished thickness of white matter. Spinal tapping is not a preferred method for diagnosis because newborn babies with<unk>  or hydrocephaly have open fontanelles which makes it difficult to collect CSF. Also,<unk>  is not associated with increased pressure.
Colpocephaly
Cebocephaly
Plagiocephaly
Ethmocephaly
Otocephaly
Scaphocephaly
Trigonocephaly
Dolichocephaly