Dissection room at the University of Helsinki in 1928. There are four main types of<unk> : * Medico-legal or forensic or coroner's<unk> es seek to find the cause and manner of death and to identify the decedent. They are generally performed, as prescribed by applicable law, in cases of violent, suspicious or sudden deaths, deaths without medical assistance, or during surgical procedures. * Clinical or pathological<unk> es are performed to diagnose a particular disease or for research purposes. They aim to determine, clarify, or confirm medical diagnoses that remained unknown or unclear before the patient's death. * Anatomical or academic<unk> es are performed by students of anatomy for study purposes only. * Virtual or medical imaging<unk> es are performed utilizing imaging technology only, primarily magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Forensic<unk>  Charité Berlin A forensic<unk>  is used to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death. Forensic science involves the application of the sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system. Medical examiners attempt to determine the time of death, the exact cause of death, and what, if anything, preceded the death, such as a struggle. A forensic<unk>  may include obtaining biological specimens from the deceased for toxicological testing, including stomach contents. Toxicology tests may reveal the presence of one or more chemical "poisons" (all chemicals, in sufficient quantities, can be classified as a poison) and their quantity. Because post-mortem deterioration of the body, together with the gravitational pooling of bodily fluids, will necessarily alter the bodily environment, toxicology tests may overestimate, rather than underestimate, the quantity of the suspected chemical. Following an in-depth examination of all the evidence, a medical examiner or coroner will assign a manner of death from the choices proscribed by the fact-finder's jurisdiction and will detail the evidence on the mechanism of the death. Clinical<unk>  Pathologist performing a human dissection of the abdominal and thoracic organs in an<unk>  room. Clinical<unk> es serve two major purposes. They are performed to gain more insight into pathological processes and determine what factors contributed to a patient's death. For example, material for infectious disease testing can be collected during an<unk> .<unk> es are also performed to ensure the standard of care at hospitals.<unk> es can yield insight into how patient deaths can be prevented in the future. Within the United Kingdom, clinical<unk> es can be carried out only with the consent of the family of the deceased person, as opposed to a medico-legal<unk>  instructed by a Coroner (England & Wales) or Procurator Fiscal (Scotland), to which the family cannot object. Over time,<unk> es have not only been able to determine the cause of death, but also lead to discoveries of various diseases such as fetal alcohol syndrome, Legionnaire's disease, and even viral hepatitis. Academic<unk>  Academic<unk> es are performed by students of anatomy for study purposes only. The main purpose of these<unk> es is for education, where medical students and residents get to experience viewing anatomy and pathology firsthand. Postmortem examinations require the skill to connect anatomic and clinical pathology together since they involve organ systems and interruptions from antemortem and post mortem. These Academic<unk> es allow for students to practice and develop skills in pathology and become meticulous in later case examinations. Virtual<unk>  Virtual<unk> es are performed using radiographic techniques which can be used in post-mortem examinations for a deceased individual. It is an alternative to medical<unk> es, where radiographs are used, for example, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Computed tomography (CT scan) which produce radiographic images in order to determine the cause of death, the nature, and the manner of death, without dissecting the deceased. It can also be used in the identification of the deceased. This method is helpful in determining the questions pertaining to an<unk>  without putting the examiner at risk of biohazardous materials that can be in an individual's body.
Autopsy
Postmortem studies
Search and rescue
Brain mapping
Brain biopsy
Death panel
Neuroproteomics
Viral neuronal tracing