<unk>  can be brought on by a range of factors which often act in combination. "Obesogenic environment" is the medical term set aside for this mixture of elements. The greatest risk factor for child obesity is the obesity of both parents. This may be reflected by the family's environment and genetics. Other reasons may also be due to psychological factors and the child's body type. A 2010 review stated that<unk>  likely is the result of the interaction of natural selection favouring those with more parsimonious energy metabolism and today's consumerist society with easy access to energy dense cheap foods and less energy requirements in daily life. Factors include the increase in use of technology, increase in snacks and portion size of meals, and the decrease in the physical activity of children. A study found kids that use electronic devices 3 or more hours a day had between a 17- 44% increased risk of being overweight, or a 10- 61% increased risk of obese (Cespedes 2011).<unk>  is common among children from, low-income, African American and Hispanic communities. This is mainly because minority children spend less time playing outside the house and staying active. Some contributors to<unk>  is that parents would rather have their children stay inside the home because they fear that gang, drug violence, and other dangers might harm them. Genetics<unk>  is often the result of an interplay between many genetic and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in various genes controlling appetite and metabolism predispose individuals to obesity when sufficient calories are present. Over 200 genes affect weight by determining activity level, food preferences, body type, and metabolism. Having two copies of the allele called FTO increases the likelihood of both obesity and diabetes. As such, obesity is a major feature of a number of rare genetic conditions that often present in childhood: * Prader–Willi syndrome with an incidence between 1 in 12,000 and 1 in 15,000 live births is characterized by hyperphagia and food preoccupations which leads to rapid weight gain in those affected. * Bardet–Biedl syndrome * MOMO syndrome * Leptin receptor mutations * Congenital leptin deficiency * Melanocortin receptor mutations In children with early-onset severe obesity (defined by an onset before ten years of age and body mass index over three standard deviations above normal), 7% harbor a single locus mutation. One study found that 80% of the offspring of two obese parents were obese in contrast to less than 10% of the offspring of two parents who were of normal weight. The percentage of obesity that can be attributed to genetics varies from 6% to 85% depending on the population examined. Family practices In the recent decades, family practices have significantly changed, and several of these practices greatly contribute to<unk> : * With a decreasing number of mothers who breast-feed, more infants become obese children as they grow up and are reared on infant formula instead. * Less children go outside and engage in active play as technology, such as television and video games, keep children indoors. * Rather than walking or biking to a bus-stop or directly to school, more school-age children are driven to school by their parents, reducing physical activity. * As family sizes decrease, the children's pester power, their ability to force adults to do what they want, increases. This ability enables them to have easier access to calorie-packed foods, such as candy and soda drinks. * The social context around family meal-time plays a role in rates of<unk>  Social policies Former First Lady Michelle Obama with students in Virginia sampling healthy meals being introduced by the United States Department of Agriculture Different communities and nations have adopted varying social practices and policies that are either beneficial or detrimental to children's physical health. These social factors include: * the quality of school lunches * the emphasis of schools on physical activity * access to vending machines and fast-food restaurants * prevalence of and access to parks, bike paths, and sidewalks * government subsidies for corn oil and sugar * advertising of fast-food restaurants and candy * prices of healthy and unhealthy foods * access to fresh, healthy, and affordable food Advertising Advertising of unhealthy foods correlates with<unk>  rates. In some nations, advertising of candy, cereal, and fast-food restaurants is illegal or limited on children's television channels. The media defends itself by blaming the parents for yielding to their children's demands for unhealthy foods. Socioeconomic status It is much more common for young people who come from a racial or ethnic minority, or for those who have a lower socioeconomic status, to be overweight and to engage in less healthy behaviors and sedentary activities.
Childhood obesity
Low Birth Weight
Gestational hypertension
Normal weight obesity
Childhood chronic illness
Low birth weight
Gestational diabetes
Sedentary lifestyle