Preparing a cow for udder surgery in field conditions: the physical restraint with a set of ropes is necessary next to xylazine tranquilisation A cat spay<unk>  is surgery performed on animals by<unk> ans, whereby the procedures fall into three broad categories: orthopaedics (bones, joints, muscles), soft tissue surgery (skin, body cavities, cardiovascular system, GI/urogenital/respiratory tracts), and neurosurgery. Advanced surgical procedures such as joint replacement (total hip, knee and elbow replacement), fracture repair, stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency, oncologic (cancer) surgery, herniated disc treatment, complicated gastrointestinal or urogenital procedures, kidney transplant, skin grafts, complicated wound management, and minimally invasive procedures (arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy) are performed by<unk>  surgeons (as registered in their jurisdiction). Most general practice<unk> ans perform routine surgeries such as neuters and minor mass excisions; some also perform additional procedures. The goal of<unk>  may be quite different in pets and in farm animals. In the former, the situation is more close to that with human beings, where the benefit to the patient is the important factor. In the latter, the economic benefit is more important.
Veterinary surgery
Gynecological surgery
Reproductive medicine
Sexual medicine
Travel medicine
Obstetrics
Hand surgery
EMedicine