Mechanism of action<unk>  is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell replication. Pharmacokinetics About 52% of an oral or intravenous dose of<unk>  is metabolized via glucuronide and sulfate conjugation. The cytochrome P450 system is not involved in<unk>  metabolism, and is not affected by<unk> . The sulfate conjugate (M1) accounts for around 38% of the dose, and is eliminated primarily in the feces. Approximately 14% of an oral or intravenous dose is converted to a glucuronide conjugate (M2), which is excreted exclusively in the urine. Peak plasma concentrations of M2 are about 40% those of the parent drug, while plasma concentrations of M1 are, in general, less than 10% those of<unk> . In vitro studies with cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes indicate that<unk>  does not inhibit 80 CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP1A2, suggesting that<unk>  is unlikely to alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. The pharmacokinetics of<unk>  in pediatric subjects have not been studied. The elimination half-life of<unk>  is 11.5 to 15.6 hours (single-dose, oral). About 45% of an oral or intravenous dose of<unk>  is excreted as unchanged drug (about 20% in urine and 25% in feces). A total of 96 ± 4% of an oral dose is excreted as either unchanged drug or known metabolites. The mean (± SD) apparent total body clearance and renal clearance are 12 ± 2 L/h and 2.6 ± 0.5 L/h, respectively. The CSF penetration of<unk>  is 70% to 80% in patients with meningitis.
Moxifloxacin
Telithromycin
Azithromycin
Dirithromycin
Roxithromycin
Amikacin
Gemifloxacin
Levofloxacin