Muslim views on<unk>  are shaped by the Hadith as well as by the opinions of legal and religious scholars and commentators. The Quran does not directly address intentional<unk> , leaving greater discretion to the laws of individual countries. Although opinions among<unk> ic scholars differ over when a pregnancy can be terminated, there are no explicit prohibitions on a woman's right to abort in<unk> . In<unk> , the fetus is believed to become a living soul after 120 days' gestation, and<unk>  after that point is viewed as impermissible. Many<unk> ic thinkers recognize exceptions to this rule for certain circumstances. American academic Azizah Y. al-Hibri notes that "the majority of Muslim scholars permit<unk> , although they differ on the stage of fetal development beyond which it becomes prohibited." According to Sherman Jackson, "while<unk> , even during the first trimester, is forbidden according to a minority of jurists, it is not held to be an offense for which there are criminal or even civil sanctions." There are four Sunni<unk>  schools of thought—Hanafi, Shafi‘i, Hanbali and Maliki—and they have their own reservations on when<unk> s can happen in<unk> . In practice, access to<unk>  varies greatly between Muslim-majority countries. In countries like Turkey and Tunisia,<unk> s are unconditionally legal on request. On the other hand, in 18 out of 47 Muslim-majority countries, including Iraq, Egypt and Indonesia,<unk>  is only legally permitted if the life of the mother is threatened by the pregnancy while 10 countries provide it on request. No Muslim-majority country bans<unk>  in the case of the mother's life being at risk. Other reasons that are permitted by certain Muslim-majority countries include preserving a woman's physical or mental health, foetal impairment, cases of incest or rape, and social or economic reasons. There is great variation within Muslim-majority countries as to which are legally accepted reasons for<unk> .
Islam and abortion
Christianity and abortion
Hinduism and abortion
Buddhism and abortion
Judaism and abortion
Unsafe abortion
Instillation abortion
After-birth abortion