The World Health Organization has divided<unk>  into five stages based on the biopsy. This classification was defined in 1982 and revised in 1995. Class IV disease (Diffuse proliferative nephritis) is both the most severe, and the most common subtype. Class VI (advanced sclerosing<unk>  is a final class which is included by most practitioners. It is thought to be due to the chronic interferon exposure. + Order Name Incidence Light microscopy Electron microscopy Clinical findings and other tests Treatment Class I Minimal mesangial glomerulonephritis 5 Normal appearance Mesangial deposits are visible under an electron microscope Kidney failure is very rare in this form. Normal urinalysis. Class II Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis 20 Mesangial hypercellularity and matrix expansion. Microscopic haematuria with or without proteinuria may be seen. Hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, and acute kidney injury are very rare at this stage. Responds to high doses of corticosteroids Class III Focal glomerulonephritis 25 Sclerotic lesions involving less than 50% of the glomeruli, which can be segmental or global, and active or chronic, with endocapillary or extracapillary proliferative lesions. Subendothelial deposits are noted, and some mesangial changes may be present Immunofluorescence reveals positively for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q. Clinically, haematuria and proteinuria are present, with or without nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, and elevated serum creatinine. Often successfully responds to high doses of corticosteroids Class IV Diffuse proliferative nephritis 40 More than 50% of glomeruli are involved. Lesions can be segmental or global, and active or chronic, with endocapillary or extracapillary proliferative lesions. Under electron microscopy, subendothelial deposits are noted, and some mesangial changes may be present. Clinically, haematuria and proteinuria are present, frequently with nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, hypocomplementemia, elevated anti-dsDNA titres and elevated serum creatinine. Kidney failure is common. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs Class V Membranous glomerulonephritis 10 Diffuse thickening of the glomerular capillary wall (segmentally or globally), with diffuse membrane thickening, and subepithelial deposits seen under the electron microscope. Signs of nephrotic syndrome. Microscopic haematuria and hypertension may also be seen. Can also lead to thrombotic complications such as renal vein thromboses or pulmonary emboli. Kidney failure is uncommon. Class VI Advanced sclerosing<unk> . Global sclerosis involving more than 90% of glomeruli, and represents healing of prior inflammatory injury. Active glomerulonephritis is not usually present. This stage is characterised by slowly progressive kidney dysfunction, with relatively bland urine sediment. Response to immunotherapy is usually poor. Membranous nephropathy Diffuse proliferative<unk>  as seen in a pathology specimen A tubuloreticular inclusion within capillary endothelial cells is also characteristic of<unk>  and can be seen under an electron microscope in all stages. It is not diagnostic however, as it exists in other conditions such as HIV infection.
Lupus nephritis
Shunt nephritis
Trench nephritis
Diffuse proliferative nephritis
Focal proliferative nephritis
HIV-associated nephropathy
Malarial nephropathy
IgA nephropathy