<unk> , myocardial ischemia, or cardiac ischemia, is a medical term for a reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation through the coronary arteries.<unk>  is linked to heart disease, and heart attacks. Coronary arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Reduced blood flow to the heart associated with<unk>  can result in inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle. When oxygen supply to the heart is unable to keep up with oxygen demand from the muscle, the result is the characteristic symptoms of<unk> , the most common of which is chest pain. Chest pain due to<unk>  commonly radiates to the arm or neck. Certain individuals such as women, diabetics, and the elderly may present with more varied symptoms. If blood flow through the coronary arteries is stopped completely, cardiac muscle cells may die, known as a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of<unk> .<unk>  and coronary artery disease are contributors to the development of heart failure over time. Diagnosis of<unk>  is achieved by a attaining a medical history and physical examination in addition to other tests such as electrocardiography (EKG), stress testing, and coronary angiography. Treatment is aimed toward preventing future adverse events and relieving symptoms. Beneficial lifestyle modifications include smoking cessation, a heart healthy diet, and regular exercise. Medications such as nitrates and beta-blockers may be useful for reducing the symptoms of<unk> . In refractory cases, invasive procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) may be performed to relieve<unk> .
Coronary ischemia
Coronary occlusion
Coronary vasospasm
Coronary thrombosis
Proarrhythmia
Myocardial stunning
Ischemia
Myocardial infarction