<unk> s <unk> s). There is only one phospholipid layer because the bulk of the interior of the particle is composed of lipophilic substance. Payloads such as modRNA, RNA vaccine or others can be embedded in the interior, as desired. Optionally, targeting-molecules such as antibodies, cell-targeting peptides, and/or other drug molecules can be bound to the exterior surface of the<unk> . Liposomes are ("hollow")<unk>  nanoparticles which have a phospholipid bilayer as coat, because the bulk of the interior of the particle is composed of aqueous substance. In various popular uses, the optional payload is e.g. DNA vaccines, Gene therapy, vitamins, antibiotics, cosmetics and many others.<unk> s <unk> s,<unk> Ps), or<unk>  nanoparticles (LNPs), are nanoparticles composed of<unk> s. They are a novel pharmaceutical drug delivery system (and part of nanoparticle drug delivery), and a novel pharmaceutical formulation. LNPs as a drug delivery vehicle were first approved in 2018 for the siRNA drug Onpattro. LNPs became more widely known in late 2020, as some COVID-19 vaccines that use RNA vaccine technology coat the fragile mRNA strands with PEGylated<unk>  nanoparticles as their delivery vehicle (including both the Moderna and the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines).
Solid lipid nanoparticle
Lipid emulsion
Polymer-protein hybrid
Immunoconjugate
Perfluorinated compound
Radioactive nanoparticle
Small molecule drug conjugate
Small modular immunopharmaceutical