<unk>  can be classified under a broader category of “blood, injection, and injury phobias”. This is one of five subtypes that classify specific phobias. A specific phobia is defined as a “marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence (or anticipation) of a specific object or situation.” Often these fears begin to appear in childhood, around the age of five to nine. It is normal to become squeamish at the sight of blood, injury, or gross deformity, but many overcome these fears by the time they reach adulthood. Those who do not are more likely to avoid<unk>  and dental<unk>  necessary to maintain health, jobs, etc. Research shows that when people encounter something that they have a specific phobia of many of them have a feeling of disgust which makes them not want to come near or experience the object or situation which is disgusting to them. This feeling of disgust, especially in the blood, injection, and injury phobias may be passed down in families. Women have been known to avoid becoming pregnant because it requires blood and<unk>  examinations that they would rather avoid. Also, most individuals who experience phobias have an increased heart rate upon encountering the thing they fear, but blood, injection, injury-phobic people also seem to have an increase of fainting after the initial speeding up of heart rate. Their heart rate will go up and then slow again, leading to nausea, sweating, pallor, and fainting. This fainting can also lead to seizures, making life very difficult for those who have this fear. However, only 4.5% of individuals who have this phobia as a child will have this fear their entire lifetime. Additionally, procedural anxiety is frequently recognized in people who need to take part in<unk><unk>  regularly. Due to their constant exposure to these<unk> , patients may attend their treatments with recurrent experiences of significant anxiety, sometimes associated with previous negative experiences. For those who do experience this phobia in an extreme manner, specific coping treatments have been found to help them. Biological treatments, such as<unk> ions used for other anxiety ailments, are generally found to be inappropriate for<unk>  or other specific phobias. Psychological treatments are the treatment of choice because they are more accurate at addressing the problem. Some of these treatments used especially for<unk>  include exposure-based treatments, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and applied tension to react against fainting.
Fear of medical procedures
Fear of needles
Fear of flying
Traumatic memories
Death anxiety
Fear of trains
Listener fatigue
Psychological resistance