<unk>  is the subspecialty of surgical<unk>  which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the lungs and thoracic pleura. Diagnostic specimens are often obtained via bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy, CT-guided percutaneous biopsy, or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). The diagnosis of inflammatory or fibrotic diseases of the lungs is considered by many<unk> sts to be particularly challenging.
Pulmonary pathology
Renal pathology
Upper respiratory tract infection
Mediastinal tumors
Obstructive lung disease
Chronic cough
Lower respiratory tract infection
Respiratory disease