There is no standardized, defined set of diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of<unk> , mainly due to the nonspecific symptoms associated with it. Current diagnostic approaches include pulmonary function testing which shows a characteristic reduction in peak expiratory flow (PEF), physical examination, and imaging such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is considered the best diagnostic method because an inserted camera down the throat shows a direct view of the airways and lungs, detecting changes in the size or appearance of the trachea's lumen and mucosa and any signs of inflammation, fistulas, or external compressions to precisely determine the location and severity of the malacia. Cross-sectional radiological images are important in detecting mediastinal structures involved in<unk>  prior to surgery. Tracheography/Bronchography is no longer a preferred diagnostic method. Bronchography provides an accurate measurement of the airway lumen with a dynamic and morphological evaluation of the tracheobronchial tree. However, this requires the injection of contrast material within the narrowed airway. Risks include allergic reaction, airway plugging, or complete airway obstruction. Classifications There are three types of<unk> : *Type 1—congenital, sometimes associated with tracheoesophageal fistula or esophageal atresia *Type 2—extrinsic compression sometimes due to vascular rings *Type 3—acquired due to chronic infection or prolonged intubation or inflammatory conditions like relapsing polychondritis
Tracheomalacia
Laryngomalacia
Laryngotracheal stenosis
Tracheobronchomalacia
Tracheobronchomegaly
Tracheal deviation
Bronchomalacia
Tracheoesophageal fistula