If one identical twin is affected, there is a 33% chance the other one will be as well. Mutations in genes involved in muscle development are risk factors for<unk> , specifically those encoding the muscle contractile complex (MYH3, TPM2, TNNT3, TNNI2 and MYH8). These can cause congenital contractures, including<unk> , in distal arthrogryposis (DA) syndromes.<unk>  can also be present in people with genetic conditions such as Loeys–Dietz syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Genetic mapping and the development of models of the disease have improved understanding of developmental processes. Its inheritance pattern is explained as a heterogenous disorder using a polygenic threshold model. The PITX1-TBX4 transcriptional pathway has become key to the study of<unk> . PITX1 and TBX4 are uniquely expressed in the hind limb.
Clubfoot
Pigeon toe
Jaipur foot
Barefoot
Trench foot
Elm yellows
Jersey finger
Pegleg