A photograph of Christmas lights with significant<unk> . In optics,<unk>  is the<unk>  in which an image is simply out of focus. This<unk>  is familiar to anyone who has used a camera, videocamera, microscope, telescope, or binoculars. Optically,<unk>  refers to a translation of the focus along the optical axis away from the detection surface. In general,<unk>  reduces the sharpness and contrast of the image. What should be sharp, high-contrast edges in a scene become gradual transitions. Fine detail in the scene is blurred or even becomes invisible. Nearly all image-forming optical devices incorporate some form of focus adjustment to minimize<unk>  and maximize image quality.
Defocus aberration
Aneuploidy
Chromosomal translocation
Robertsonian translocation
Germline mutation
Copy number variation
Polyploidy
Optical aberration