<unk> s can be removed during a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy using a wire loop that cuts the stalk of the<unk>  and cauterises it to prevent bleeding. Many "defiant"<unk> s—large, flat, and otherwise laterally spreading adenomas—may be removed endoscopically by a technique called endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), which involves injection of fluid underneath the lesion to lift it and thus facilitate endoscopic resection. Saline water may be used to generate lift, though some injectable solutions such as SIC 8000 may be more effective. Minimally invasive surgery is indicated for<unk> s that are too large or in unfavorable locations, such as the appendix, that cannot be removed endoscopically. These techniques may be employed as an alternative to the more invasive colectomy.
Colorectal polyp
Colorectal adenoma
Anal dysplasia
Anorectal varices
Gastric varices
Anal fistula
Callous ulcer
Reactive gastropathy