Incomplete cleft palate The general term for disorders of the velopharyngeal valve is velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). It includes three subterms: velopharyngeal insufficiency, velopharyngeal inadequacy, and velopharyngeal mislearning. *Velopharyngeal insufficiency can be caused by an anatomical abnormality of the throat. It occurs in children with a history of cleft palate or submucous cleft, who have short or otherwise abnormal vela. Velopharyngeal insufficiency can also occur after adenoidectomy. *Velopharyngeal incompetence is a defective closure of the velopharyngeal valve due to its lack of speed and precision. It is caused by a neurologic disorder or injury (e.g. cerebral palsy or traumatic brain injury). *Sometimes children present no abnormalities yet still have<unk> : this can be due to velopharyngeal mislearning, indicating that the child has been imitating or has never learned how to use the valve correctly.
Hypernasal speech
Stilted speech
Compulsive hoarding
Alaryngeal speech
Speech delay
Nasal voice
Hoarse voice
Receptive aphasia