OGCTs can be classified into dysgerminoma, teratomas, yolk sac<unk> , and choriocarcinomas, listed in the order of prevalence. Dysgerminoma A micrograph view of dysgerminoma, showing actively dividing lobulated nuclei.Dysgerminomas are comparable to testicular seminomas and account for approximately 32- 37% of all OGCTs. They are particularly prominent in individuals with dysgenic gonads of 46, XY pure gonadal dysgenesis patients. Based on gross examinations, dysgerminomas are characterized by having a ‘solid, lobulated, tan, flesh-like gross appearance with a smooth surface'. Microscopically, the cellular structure is distinguished by a round-ovoid shape containing ample eosinophilic cytoplasm and an irregularly shaped nuclei. The uniformly positioned cells are separated through the fibrous strands and lymphocytic infiltration is commonly observed. Teratomas A micrograph of the primitive neuroepithelium of an immature teratoma, showing encapsulated mass.|alt Teratoma are most common germ cell<unk> of ovary. Teratomas can be divided into two types: mature teratoma (benign) and immature teratoma (malignant). Immature teratomas contain immature or embryonic tissue which significantly differentiates them from mature teratomas as they carry dermoid cysts. It is commonly observed in 15 to 19-year-old women and rarely in women after menopause. Immature teratomas are characterized with a diameter of 14–25 cm, encapsulated mass, cystic areas, and occasional appearance of hemorrhagic areas. The stage of immature teratomas is determined depending on the amount of immature neuroepithelium tissue detected. Yolk sac<unk> A micrograph showing yolk sac tumour,alt The ovarian yolk sac<unk> , also known as endodermal sinus<unk> , are accountable for approximately 15.5% of all OGCTs. They have been observed in women particularly in their early ages, and rarely after 40 years of age. The critical pathologic features are a smooth external surface and capsular tears due to their rapid rate of growth. A study consisting of 71 individual cases of ovarian yolk sac<unk> provides evidence to the proliferation of the<unk>  In one of the cases, the pelvic examination revealed normal activity until a 9 cm and 12 cm sized<unk> was discovered 4 weeks later. In another case, a 23 cm<unk> was discovered in a pregnant woman who was monitored regularly and had normal findings until oophorectomy became essential. Histologically, these<unk>  are characterized by mixed solid and cystic components. The mixed solid components are characterized by a soft gray to yellow solid components accompanied with significant hemorrhage and necrosis. The cysts are approximately 2 cm in diameter and populated throughout the tissue which results in giving the neoplasm a ‘honeycombed appearance’. Choriocarcinoma A alt Choriocarcinomas are exceptionally rare which account for 2.1%-3.4% of all OGCTs. Under gross examination, the syncytiotrophoblast cells are aligned in a plexiform arrangement with the mononucleated cytotrophoblast cells surrounding the foci of the hemorrhage. Choriocarcinomas can be divided into gestational choriocarcinomas and non-gestational choriocarcinomas which have immunohistochemical differences.
Ovarian germ cell tumors
Ovarian fibroma
Ovarian mucinous tumor
Ovarian serous cystadenoma
Germ cell tumor
Gonadoblastoma
Mixed Müllerian tumor
Follicular cyst of ovary