<unk>  is the least common type of urogenital fistula accounting for 1-4% of urogenital fistulas. It occurs following lower segment caesarean section and the incidence is increasing due to the increasing incidence of caesarean deliveries. The occurrence of menoruria in the absence of vaginal bleeding or passage of urine from the vagina is attributed to a sphincteric mechanism of the uterine isthmus. Jozwik and Jozwik classified<unk>  into three types based on the route of menstrual flow; I - Menstrual flow from the bladder only without urinary incontinence II - Menstrual flow from both the bladder and vagina with urinary incontinence III - Normal menstrual flow from the vagina only (no menouria) with urinary incontinence Youssef syndrome corresponds to a type I<unk> .
Vesicouterine fistula
Obstetric fistula
Uterine incarceration
Uterine perforation
Uterine prolapse
Ovarian vein syndrome
Ectopic pregnancy
Hematometra