<unk>  <unk>  also known as neonatal<unk>  of<unk>  is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It describes the spectrum of disorders and pathophysiology of newborns born in<unk> -stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and have<unk>  within their lungs. Therefore,<unk>  has a wide range of severity depending on what conditions and complications develop after parturition. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of<unk>  is multifactorial and extremely complex which is why it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in term infants. The word<unk>  is derived from the Greek word mēkōnion meaning juice from the opium poppy as the sedative effects it had on the foetus were observed by Aristotle.<unk>  is a sticky dark-green substance which contains gastrointestinal secretions, amniotic fluid, bile acids, bile, blood, mucus, cholesterol, pancreatic secretions, lanugo, vernix caseosa and cellular debris.<unk>  accumulates in the foetal gastrointestinal tract throughout the third trimester of pregnancy and it is the first intestinal discharge released within the first 48 hours after birth. Notably, since<unk>  and the whole content of the gastrointestinal tract is located ‘extracorporeally,’ its constituents are hidden and normally not recognised by the foetal immune system. For the<unk>  within the amniotic fluid to successfully cause<unk> , it has to enter the respiratory system during the period when the fluid-filled lungs transition into an air-filled organ capable of gas exchange.
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Infantile apnea
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Tracheomalacia
Laryngotracheal stenosis
Upper airway resistance syndrome
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Laryngomalacia