The current simplest treatment for elevated<unk> (a) is to take 1–3 grams of niacin daily, typically in an extended-release form. Niacin therapy may reduce<unk> (a) levels by 20–30%. Aspirin may be beneficial, but it has only been tested in patients who carry the apolipoprotein(a) gene minor allele variant, (rs3798220). A meta-analysis suggested that atorvastatin also may lower<unk> (a) levels. In severe cases, such as familial hypercholesterolemia or treatment-resistant hypercholesterolemia, lipid apheresis may dramatically reduce<unk> (a). The goal of the treatment is to reduce levels to below 50 mg/dL. Other medications that are in various stages of development include thyromimetics, cholesterol-ester-transfer protein (CETP inhibitors), anti-sense oligonucleopeptides, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors. L-carnitine may also reduce<unk> (a) levels. A meta-analysis of six clinical trials confirmed that flaxseed supplementation modestly lowers<unk> (a) levels.
Lipoprotein
Bile acid
Blood protein
Apolipoprotein
Cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein
Plasma-lyte
Hemoglobin