<unk>  (CPAM), formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid<unk>  (CCAM), is a congenital disorder of the lung similar to bronchopulmonary sequestration. In CPAM, usually an entire lobe of lung is replaced by a non-working cystic piece of abnormal lung tissue. This abnormal tissue will never function as normal lung tissue. The underlying cause for CPAM is unknown. It occurs in approximately 1 in every 30,000 pregnancies. In most cases the outcome of a fetus with CPAM is very good. In rare cases, the cystic mass grows so large as to limit the growth of the surrounding lung and cause pressure against the heart. In these situations, the CPAM can be life-threatening for the fetus. CPAM can be separated into five types, based on clinical and pathologic features. CPAM type 1 is the most common, with large cysts and a good prognosis. CPAM type 2 (with medium-sized cysts) often has a poor prognosis, owing to its frequent association with other significant anomalies. Other types are rare.
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia
Tracheal agenesis
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Surfactant metabolism dysfunction
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Patulous Eustachian tube