The cause of<unk>  is unclear, and indeed there may be multiple causes. It is often associated with<unk> ty of the detrusor urinae muscle, a pattern of bladder muscle contraction observed during urodynamics. It is also possible that the increased contractile nature originates from within the urothelium and lamina propria, and abnormal contractions in this tissue could stimulate dysfunction in the detrusor or whole bladder. Catheter-related irritation If bladder spasms occur or there is no urine in the drainage bag when a catheter is in place, the catheter may be blocked by blood, thick sediment, or a kink in the catheter or drainage tubing. Sometimes spasms are caused by the catheter irritating the bladder, prostate or penis. Such spasms can be controlled with medication such as butylscopolamine, although most people eventually adjust to the irritation and the spasms go away.
Overactive bladder
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Underactive bladder
Urinary tract infection
Stress incontinence
Interstitial cystitis
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Overflow incontinence