Types Lung Parenchymal<unk>  of the lung. The surrounding lung falls away from the well-circumscribed mass, a typical feature of these lesions. The<unk>  shows a variegated yellow and white appearance, which corresponds respectively to fat and cartilage. About 5–8% of all solitary lung nodules and about 75% of all benign lung tumors, are<unk> s. They almost always arise from connective tissue and are generally formed of cartilage, connective tissue, and fat cells, although they may include many other types of cells. The great majority of them form in the connective tissue on the outside of the lungs, although about 10% form deep in the linings of the bronchi. They can be worrisome, especially if situated deep in the lung, as it is sometimes difficult to make the important distinction between a<unk>  and a lung malignancy. An X-ray will often not provide a definitive diagnosis, and even a CT scan may be insufficient if the<unk>  lacks the typical cartilage and fat cells. Lung<unk> s may have popcorn-like calcifications on chest xray or computed tomography (CT scan). Lung<unk> s are more common in men than in women, and may present additional difficulties in smokers. Some lung<unk> s can compress surrounding lung tissue to a degree, but this is generally not debilitating and is often asymptomatic, especially for the more common peripheral growths. They are treated, if at all, by surgical resection, with an excellent prognosis: generally, the only real danger is the inherent possibility of surgical complications. Heart Cardiac rhabdomyomas are<unk> s composed of altered cardiac myocytes that contain large vacuoles and glycogen. They are the most common tumor of the heart in children and infants. There is a strong association between cardiac rhabdomyomas and tuberous sclerosis (characterized by<unk> s of the central nervous system, kidneys, and skin, as well as pancreatic cysts); 25-50% of patients with cardiac rhabdomyomas will have tuberous sclerosis, and up to 100% of patients with tuberous sclerosis will have cardiac masses by echocardiography. Symptoms depend on the size of the tumor, its location relative to the conduction system, and whether or not it obstructs blood flow. Symptoms are usually from congestive heart failure; in utero heart failure may occur. If patients survive infancy, their tumors may regress spontaneously; resection in symptomatic patients has good results. Nerves Sometimes nerves can also be affected. The most common nerve to be affected by<unk>  is reported to be median nerve. Hypothalamus One of the most troublesome<unk> s occurs on the hypothalamus. Unlike most such growths, a hypothalamic<unk>  is symptomatic; it most often causes gelastic seizures, and can cause visual problems, other seizures, rage disorders associated with hypothalamic diseases, and early onset of puberty. The symptoms typically begin in early infancy and are progressive, often into general cognitive and/or functional disability. Moreover, resection is usually difficult, as the growths are generally adjacent to, or even intertwined with, the optic nerve. Symptoms tend to be resistant to medical control; however, surgical techniques are improving and can result in immense improvement of prognosis. Kidneys, stomach, spleen and other vascular organs<unk>  in breast with ultrasound One general danger of<unk> s is that they may impinge into blood vessels, resulting in a risk of serious bleeding. Because a<unk>  typically lacks elastic tissue, it may lead to the formation of aneurysms and thus possible hemorrhage. Where a<unk>  impinges into a major blood vessel, such as the renal artery, hemorrhage must be considered life-threatening. Angiomyolipoma of the kidney was previously considered to be a<unk>  or choristoma. A myoepithelial<unk> , also known as a pancreatic rest, is ectopic pancreatic tissue found in the stomach, duodenum, or proximal jejunum. When seen on upper gastrointestinal series, a pancreatic rest may appear to be a submucosal mass or gastric neoplasm. Most are asymptomatic, but they can cause dyspepsia or upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A<unk>  has been identified as a cause of partial outflow obstruction in the abomasum (true gastric stomach) of a dairy goat.<unk> s of the spleen are uncommon but can be dangerous. About 50% of such cases manifest abdominal pain, and they are often associated with hematologic abnormalities and spontaneous rupture. Cowden syndrome Cowden syndrome is a serious genetic disorder characterized by multiple<unk> s. Usually skin<unk> s exist, and commonly (in about 66% of cases)<unk>  of the thyroid gland exists. Additional growths can form in many parts of the body, especially in bones, CNS, the eyes, the genitourinary tract, the GI tract, and mucosa. The<unk> s themselves may cause symptoms or even death, but morbidity is more often associated with increased occurrence of malignancies, usually in the breast or thyroid. Cowden syndrome is considered a PTEN<unk>  tumor syndrome (PHTS), which also includes Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome, Proteus syndrome and Proteus-like syndrome.
Hamartoma
Thecoma
Askin's tumor
Lipoblastoma
Cylindroma
Syringoma
Neural fibrolipoma
Luteoma