Management of the underlying defect is proportional to the severity of the clinical presentation. Leg swelling and pain is best evaluated by vascular specialists (vascular surgeons, interventional cardiologists, interventional radiologists) who both diagnose and treat arterial and venous diseases to ensure that the cause of the extremity pain is evaluated. The diagnosis needs to be confirmed with some sort of imaging that<unk>  include magnetic resonance venography, venogram and usually confirmed with intravascular ultrasound because the flattened vein<unk>  not be noticed on conventional venography. In order to prevent prolonged swelling or pain from the consequences of the backed up blood from the compressed iliac vein, flow needs to be improved out of the leg. Uncomplicated cases<unk>  be managed with compression stockings. Severe<unk> <unk>  require thrombolysis if there is a recent onset of thrombosis, followed by angioplasty and stenting of the iliac vein after confirming the diagnosis with a venogram or an intravascular ultrasound. A stent<unk>  be used to support the area from further compression following angioplasty. As the name implies, there classically is not a thrombotic component in these cases, but thrombosis<unk>  occur at any time. If the patient has extensive thrombosis, it<unk>  be appropriate to consider pharmacologic and/or mechanical (also known as pharmacomechanical) thrombectomy. This is currently being studied to determine whether this will decrease the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome.
May–Thurner syndrome
Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome
Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome
Wells-Jankovic syndrome
Jeavons syndrome
Crome syndrome
Bogart–Bacall syndrome
Keutel syndrome