<unk> s can be found in a number of organisms, including some strains of cyanobacteria, that can be found in algal blooms or washed up on shore in a green scum.<unk> s are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing<unk> ity).<unk> s are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue. The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abnormally contacted, can prove neurologically toxic. Though<unk> s are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of<unk> s include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate, nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert<unk>  effects at excessive concentrations.<unk> s inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or communication between neurons across a synapse. Local pathology of<unk>  exposure often includes neuron excitotoxicity or apoptosis but can also include glial cell damage. Macroscopic manifestations of<unk>  exposure can include widespread central nervous system damage such as intellectual disability, persistent memory impairments, epilepsy, and dementia. Additionally,<unk> -mediated peripheral nervous system damage such as neuropathy or myopathy is common. Support has been shown for a number of treatments aimed at attenuating<unk> -mediated injury, such as antioxidant and antitoxin administration.
Neurotoxin
Alpha-neurotoxin
Insect toxin
Toxin
Dinotoxin
Chlorotoxin
Kurtoxin
Agitoxin