:This article concerns the medical condition. For the<unk>  creature in American folklore that bears this condition as a part of its legend, see melon heads.<unk>  is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. This typically causes increased pressure inside the skull. Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor balance, urinary incontinence, personality changes, or mental impairment. In babies, it may be seen as a rapid increase in head size. Other symptoms may include vomiting, sleepiness, seizures, and downward pointing of the eyes.<unk>  can occur due to birth defects or be acquired later in life. Associated birth defects include neural tube defects and those that result in aqueductal stenosis. Other causes include meningitis, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The four types of<unk>  are communicating, noncommunicating, ex vacuo, and normal pressure. Diagnosis is typically made by physical examination and medical imaging.<unk>  is typically treated by the surgical placement of a shunt system. A procedure called a third ventriculostomy is an option in some people. Complications from shunts may include overdrainage, underdrainage, mechanical failure, infection, or obstruction. This may require replacement. Outcomes are variable, but many people with shunts live normal lives. Without treatment, death or permanent disability may occur. About one to two per 1,000 newborns have<unk> . Rates in the developing world may be higher. Normal pressure<unk>  is estimated to affect about 5 per 100,000 people, with rates increasing with age. Description of<unk>  by Hippocrates dates back more than 2,000 years. The word<unk>  is from the Greek , meaning 'water' and , meaning 'head'.
Hydrocephalus
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Porencephaly
Cerebral edema  Cerebral edema  1
Microcephaly
Acephaly
Cebocephaly
Colpocephaly