<unk>  is usually the result of many different diseases as well as different medical treatments. The most common causes of<unk>  are: * Aesophageal cancer – there are two types of aesophageal cancer. The squamous cell cancer from the squamous cells of the tongue or the adenocarcinoma from glandular cells present at the junction of the esophagus and stomach. This leads to a local tumour growth with spreading later. This spreading may lead to larger tumors that would result in the inability to swallow. * Aesophageal webs – thin membranes located in the esophagus. Abnormalities can cause constrictions within the esophagus. * Globus pharyngis – commonly referred to as lumps in ones throat * Myasthenia gravis – the thymus gland is thought to be necessary for the deletion of auto-reactive T cells, and seems to have an important role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. In patients the thymus is typically enlarged, and contains many germinal centres with T and B cell areas very similar to those seen in lymph nodes. The tumour in thymoma associated disease is typically epithelial in nature. * Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy – even though there is not a clear correlation between the facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and the pharyngeal and upper aesophageal striated muscle. Minor, and nonspecific, primary aesophageal dysmotility was present as seen in the 2008 study by Joerg-patrick Stübgen. * Multiple sclerosis – may lead to aesophageal dysmotility * Chemotherapy – radiation from cancer therapy may cause a stricture of the throat leading to the inability to swallow. * Stroke – swallowing problems can cause stroke victims to aspirate food or liquid into the lungs and cause pneumonia mostly in elderly people. * Parkinson's disease – the mechanism of swallowing disorders in Parkinson's disease may be related to extrapyramidal and autonomic system disorders. The cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease: tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity are initially responsible for swallowing, which is mainly observed in the advanced stages of the disease * Damage to the lateral hypothalamus can also lead to<unk> , as seen in the 1978 study by Timothy Schallert and Ian Whishaw. * Other causes might be due to depression, cervical spine disease and conversion disorders. It is important to note that all these causes (except due to the damage of the lateral hypothalamus) are indirect.
Aphagia
Dysphagia
Pseudodysphagia
Presbyphagia
Aglossia
Hyperchlorhydria
Galactorrhea
Xerostomia