<unk>  is most often diagnosed during infancy, however, some cases are not discovered until later in childhood or even adulthood. With acutely ill patients, consider emergency surgery laparotomy if there is a high index of suspicion. In cases of volvulus, plain radiography may demonstrate signs of duodenal obstruction with dilatation of the proximal duodenum and stomach but it is often non-specific. Ultrasonography may be useful in some cases of volvulus, depicting a "whirlpool sign" where the superior mesenteric artery and Superior mesenteric vein have twisted. Upper gastrointestinal series is the modality of choice for the evaluation of<unk> , as it will often show an abnormal position of the duodenum and duodeno-jejunal flexure (ligament of Treitz). In cases of<unk>  complicated with volvulus, upper GI demonstrates a corkscrew appearance of the distal duodenum and jejunum. In cases of obstructing Ladd's bands, upper GI may reveal a duodenal obstruction. Although upper GI series is regarded as the most reliable diagnostic test for<unk> , false negatives may occur in 5% of cases. False negatives are most frequently attributed to radiographer error, uncooperative pediatric patients, or variations in<unk>  positioning. In equivocal cases physicians may wish to repeat the upper GI or consider additional diagnostic modalities. Lower gastrointestinal series, may be helpful in some patients by showing the caecum at an abnormal location. CT scan and Magnetic resonance imaging may also aide in the diagnosis of equivocal cases. The incidence of<unk>  in infants with omphalocoele is low. Therefore, there is little evidence to support the screening for<unk>  in infants with omphalocoele.
Intestinal malrotation
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Intestinal atresia
Familial multiple intestinal atresia
Hirschsprung's disease
Duodenal atresia
Imperforate anus
Congenital tufting enteropathy