Epinephrine (adrenaline) Activation of β1 receptors induces positive inotropic, chronotropic output of the cardiac muscle, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure, secretion of ghrelin from the stomach, and renin release from the kidneys. Activation of β2 receptors induces smooth muscle relaxation in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, and various blood vessels. Increased heart rate and heart muscle contraction are associated with the β1 receptors; however, β2 cause vasodilation in the myocardium. β3 receptors are mainly located in adipose tissue. Activation of the β3 receptors induces the metabolism of lipids.
Beta-adrenergic agonist
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Beta2-adrenergic agonist
Muscarinic antagonist
Dopamine agonist
Norepinephrine–dopamine disinhibitor
Adrenergic release inhibitor
Channel blocker