<unk>  is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that causes<unk><unk><unk>  or encephalomyelitis <unk> .<unk>  can affect all<unk>  species, such as horses, donkeys, and zebras. After infection,<unk> s may suddenly die or show progressive central nervous system disorders. Humans also can contract this disease. Healthy adults who become infected by the virus may experience flu-like symptoms, such as high fevers and headaches. People with weakened immune systems and the young and the elderly can become severely ill or die from this disease. The virus that causes<unk>  is transmitted primarily by mosquitoes that bite an infected animal and then bite and feed on another animal or human. The speed with which the disease spreads depends on the subtype of the<unk>  virus and the density of mosquito populations. Enzootic subtypes of<unk>  are diseases endemic to certain areas. Generally these serotypes do not spread to other localities. Enzootic subtypes are associated with the rodent-mosquito transmission cycle. These forms of the virus can cause human illness but generally do not affect<unk>  health. Epizootic subtypes, on the other hand, can spread rapidly through large populations. These forms of the virus are highly pathogenic to<unk> s and can also affect human health.<unk> s, rather than rodents, are the primary animal species that carry and spread the disease. Infected<unk> s develop an enormous quantity of virus in their circulatory system. When a blood-feeding insect feeds on such animals, it picks up this virus and transmits it to other animals or humans. Although other animals, such as cattle, swine, and dogs, can become infected, they generally do not show signs of the disease or contribute to its spread. The virion is spherical and approximately 70 nm in diameter. It has a lipid membrane with glycoprotein surface proteins spread around the outside. Surrounding the nuclear material is a nucleocapsid that has an icosahedral symmetry of T = 4, and is approximately 40 nm in diameter.
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Western equine encephalitis virus
West Nile virus
Cricket paralysis virus
Sepik virus
Rabies virus
California encephalitis orthobunyavirus
Limestone Canyon virus