Diagnosis is made based on the combination of clinical features, characteristic morphologic and immunophenotypic changes of malignant<unk> s. As clinical features and prognosis can be diverse, the disease is subtype-classified into four categories according to the Shimoyama classification: acute, lymphoma, chronic, smoldering. Normally, identification of at least 5 percent of tumor<unk> s in peripheral blood and confirmation of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 are sufficient for diagnosis of acute, chronic, and smoldering types. For the lymphoma type, histopathologic examination by biopsy of lymph nodes may be needed.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
Thymoma with immunodeficiency
Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia
AIDS-related lymphoma
Aggressive NK-cell leukemia
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia