Figure A shows the location of the heart and a normal heart and pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart). The inset image is an enlarged cross-section of the pericardium that shows its two layers of tissue and the fluid between the layers.Figure B shows the heart with<unk> . The inset image is an enlarged cross-section that shows the inflamed and thickened layers of the pericardium. Infectious<unk>  may be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infection. In the developed world, viruses are believed to be the cause of about 85% of cases. In the developing world tuberculosis is a common cause but it is rare in the developed world. Viral causes include coxsackievirus, herpesvirus, mumps virus, and HIV among others. Pneumococcus or tuberculous<unk>  are the most common bacterial forms. Anaerobic bacteria can also be a rare cause. Fungal<unk>  is usually due to histoplasmosis, or in immunocompromised hosts Aspergillus, Candida, and Coccidioides. The most common cause of<unk>  worldwide is infectious<unk>  with tuberculosis. Other * Idiopathic: No identifiable cause found after routine testing. * Autoimmune disease: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic fever, IgG4-related disease * Myocardial infarction * Dressler's syndrome) * Peri-Myocardial Infarction<unk>  * Trauma to the heart * Uremia (uremic<unk>  * Cancer * Side effect of some medications, e.g. isoniazid, cyclosporine, hydralazine, warfarin, and heparin * Radiation induced * Aortic dissection * Postpericardiotomy syndrome—such as after CABG surgery * Vaccines-such as smallpox and Covid-19 Vaccines in rare yet documented instances.
Pericarditis
Myocardial infarction
Carditis
Pleurisy
Myopericarditis
Precordial catch syndrome
Constrictive pericarditis
Myocarditis