Structure<unk>  is a derivative, the 3-veratroate ester, of<unk> acevine, which belongs to the class of C-nor-D-homosteroidal alkaloids. The molecular structure and stereochemistry of this and related alkaloids were only established after decades of chemical investigations. The structure of<unk>  has been confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.<unk>  displays an unusual steroidal backbone. In the typical four-ring nucleus with three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring (like the one in cholesterol), the five-membered ring is on the end.<unk> , and other<unk> atrum alkaloids, have the five-membered ring between the second and third six-membered rings. Solubility<unk>  has a pKa of 9.54. It is slightly soluble in ether, soluble in ethanol and DMSO, and freely soluble in chloroform. Solubility in water is pH-dependent; the free base form is slightly soluble, but easily dissolves in 1 M HCl. Its nitrate salt is slightly soluble in water. Its sulfate salt is<unk> y hygroscopic.
Veratridine
Setiptiline
Tocainide
Verapamil
Procainamide
Flecainide
Lofexidine
Ivabradine