Children and young adults According to one meta-analysis of<unk> s in children, confusional arousals and<unk> walking are the two most common<unk> s among children. An estimated 17.3% of kids between 3 and 13 years old experience confusional arousals. About 17% of children<unk> walk, with the disorder being more common among boys than girls, the peak ages of<unk> walking are from 8 to 12 years old. A different systematic review offers a high range of prevalence rates of<unk>  bruxism for children. Parasomnias like<unk> walking and talking typically occur during the first part of an individual's<unk>  cycle, the first slow wave of<unk>  During the first slow wave of<unk>  period of the<unk>  cycle the mind and body slow down causing one to feel drowsy and relaxed. At this stage it is the easiest to wake up, therefore many children do not remember what happened during this time. Nightmares are also considered a parasomnia among children, who typically remember what took place during the nightmare. However, nightmares only occur during the last stage of<unk>  - Rapid Eye Movement (REM)<unk> . REM is the deepest stage of<unk> , it is named for the host of neurological and physiological responses an individual can display during this period of the<unk>  cycle which are similar to being awake. Between 15.29% and 38.6% of preschoolers grind their teeth at least one night a week. All but one of the included studies reports decreasing bruxist prevalence as age increased, as well as a higher prevalence among boys than girls. Another systematic review noted 7-16% of young adults suffer from delayed<unk>  phase disorder. This disorder reaches peak prevalence when people are in their 20s. Between 20 and 26% of adolescents report a<unk>  onset latency of greater than 30 minutes. Also, 7-36% have difficulty initiating<unk> . Asian teens tend to have a higher prevalence of all of these adverse<unk>  outcomes—than their North American and European counterparts. By adulthood, parasomnias can normally be resolved due to a person's growth; however, 4% of people have recurring symptoms. Effects of Untreated<unk> s Children and young adults who do not get enough<unk>  due to<unk> s also suffer from many other health problems such as obesity and physical problems where it could interfere with everyday life. It is recommended that children and young adults stick to the hours of<unk>  recommended by the CDC, as it helps increase mental health, physical health, and more. Insomnia Insomnia is a prevalent form of<unk>  deprivation. Individuals with insomnia may have problems falling<unk> , staying<unk> , or a combination of the two resulting in insufficient or poor quality<unk> . Combining results from 17 studies on insomnia in China, a pooled prevalence of 15.0% is reported for the country. This result is consistent among other East Asian countries; however, this is considerably lower than a series of Western countries (50.5% in Poland, 37.2% in France and Italy, 27.1% in USA). Men and women residing in China experience insomnia at similar rates. A separate meta-analysis focusing on this<unk> ing disorder in the elderly mentions that those with more than one physical or psychiatric malady experience it at a 60% higher rate than those with one condition or less. It also notes a higher prevalence of insomnia in women over the age of 50 than their male counterparts. A study that was resulted from a collaboration between Massachusetts General Hospital and Merck describes the development of an algorithm to identify patients with<unk> s using electronic medical records. The algorithm that incorporated a combination of structured and unstructured variables identified more than 36,000 individuals with physician-documented insomnia. Insomnia can start off at the basic level but about 40% of people who struggle with insomnia have worse symptoms. There are treatments that can help with insomnia and that includes medication, planning out a<unk>  schedule, limiting oneself from caffeine intake, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Obstructive<unk>  apnea Obstructive<unk>  apnea (OSA) affects around 4% of men and 2% of women in the United States. In general, this disorder is more prevalent among men. However, this difference tends to diminish with age. Women experience the highest risk for OSA during pregnancy, and tend to report experiencing depression and insomnia in conjunction with obstructive<unk>  apnea. In a meta-analysis of the various Asian countries, India and China present the highest prevalence of the disorder. Specifically, about 13.7% of the Indian population and 7% of Hong Kong's population is estimated to have OSA. The two groups in the study experience daytime OSA symptoms such as difficulties concentrating, mood swings, or high blood pressure, at similar rates (prevalence of 3.5% and 3.57%, respectively).<unk>  paralysis A systematic review states 7.6% of the general population experiences<unk>  paralysis at least once in their lifetime. Its prevalence among men is 15.9%, while 18.9% of women experience it. When considering specific populations, 28.3% of students and 31.9% of psychiatric patients have experienced this phenomenon at least once in their lifetime. Of those psychiatric patients, 34.6% have panic disorder.<unk>  paralysis in students is slightly more prevalent for those of Asian descent (39.9%) than other ethnicities (Hispanic: 34.5%, African descent: 31.4%, Caucasian 30.8%). Restless leg syndrome According to one meta-analysis, the average prevalence rate for North America and Western Europe is estimated to be 14.5±8.0%. Specifically in the United States, the prevalence of restless leg syndrome is estimated to be between 5% and 15.7% when using strict diagnostic criteria. RLS is over 35% more prevalent in American women than their male counterparts.
Sleep disorder
Insomnia
Parasomnia
Cognitive disorder
Anxiety
Shift work sleep disorder
Sickness behavior
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder