According to the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, the prevalence of<unk>  is between 1:2500 and 1:6500, meaning that for every 2,500 – 6,500 people, there is (on average) one person with<unk> . In the United States, this equates to an annual incidence (new cases per year) of 500 to 1600 cases. However, approximations in the early 2000s reported that upwards of 50% of<unk>  diagnoses are at autopsy; therefore, the above estimations may be lower than expected. In a 50-year autopsy case series, the Mayo Clinic reviewed 54<unk>  cases between 1928–1977 and discovered that just 24% of the patients were correctly diagnosed prior to their death. Outside of the United States, several countries have documented their own epidemiological studies and compared them to what is known in North America. In the first national, epidemiological population-based study in Asia utilizing Korean National Health Insurance Service data, the prevalence of a<unk>  was reported at 2.13 per 100,000 persons with an incidence of 0.18 per 100,000 person-years. This is lower than the occurrence reported from Rochester, Minnesota (0.8 per 100,000 person-years) in a study conducted from 1950-1979. However, the Netherlands also conducted a study using a nationwide registry and reported incidence results of 0.57 per 100,000 person-years from 2011–2015, which was a significant increase from their 0.37 cases per 100,000 person-years reported from 1995–1999. Current hypotheses for why the incidence of<unk>  is growing in the Dutch population point to the advent of modern imaging evaluation and the ability to detect these tumors prior to death. While each of the above studies reported varying incidence and prevalence values, all have indicated that the average age at initial diagnosis is between the third to fifth decade of life. When younger patients are diagnosed with a<unk> , there should be a high suspicion for hereditary disease, as genetic anticipation (earlier disease onset with each generation) is associated with some mutations. Likelihood of diagnosis when an adrenal-nodule is identified;<unk>  is in yellow near the top-right corner Classically, the<unk>  "rules of 10" have been taught, particularly to medical students: * 10% of patients have malignant disease * 10% of patients have bilateral (both left and right adrenal glands) disease * 10% of patients have extra-adrenal (paraganglioma) disease * 10% of patients have inherited (familial disease) Despite the prominence in many respected textbooks, these guidelines have since been established as inaccurate and are not used in current epidemiological discussions. As suggested above, incidental imaging has become a major player in the diagnosis of patients with<unk> , with current estimates between 10–49% of all cases diagnosed after imaging was obtained for another reason. When an adrenal nodule (potential tumor) is discovered on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, there is between a 5 and 10% chance the lesion is a<unk> . The incidence of adrenal tumors is found in the infographic above, with<unk>  noted in yellow in the top right corner.
Pheochromocytoma
Renal oncocytoma
Histiocytoma
Pineocytoma
Pituitary adenoma
Mastocytoma
Adrenocortical adenoma
Glomus tumor