The signs and symptoms of<unk>  vary, as it can occur anywhere in the body and depends on the degree to which blood flow is interrupted. For example, clinical manifestations of acute limb<unk>  (which can be summarized as the "six P's") include pain, pallor, pulseless, paresthesia, paralysis, and poikilothermia. Without immediate intervention,<unk>  may progress quickly to tissue necrosis and gangrene within a few hours. Paralysis is a very late sign of acute arterial<unk>  and signals the death of nerves supplying the extremity. Foot drop may occur as a result of nerve damage. Because nerves are extremely sensitive to hypoxia, limb paralysis or<unk>  neuropathy may persist after revascularization and may be permanent. Cardiac<unk>  Cardiac<unk>  may be asymptomatic or may cause chest pain, known as angina pectoris. It occurs when the heart muscle, or myocardium, receives insufficient blood flow. This most frequently results from atherosclerosis, which is the long-term accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaques in the coronary arteries. In most Western countries,<unk>  heart disease is the most common cause of death in both men and women, and a major cause of hospital admissions. Bowel Both large and small intestines can be affected by<unk> . The blockage of blood flow to the large intestine (colon) is called<unk>  colitis.<unk>  of the small bowel is called mesenteric<unk> . Brain Brain<unk>  is insufficient blood flow to the brain, and can be acute or chronic. Acute<unk>  stroke is a neurological emergency typically caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow in a vessel in the brain. Chronic<unk>  of the brain may result in a form of dementia called vascular dementia. A sudden, brief episode (symptoms lasting only minutes) of<unk>  affecting the brain is called a transient<unk>  attack (TIA), often called a mini-stroke. TIAs can be a warning of future strokes, with approximately 1/3 of TIA patients suffering a serious stroke within one year. Limb Inadequate blood supply to a limb may results in acute limb<unk>  or chronic limb threatening<unk> . Cutaneous Reduced blood flow to the skin layers may result in mottling or uneven, patchy discoloration of the skin. Kidney<unk>  Kidney<unk>  is a loss of blood flow to the kidney cells. Several physical symptoms include shrinkage of one or both kidneys, renovascular hypertension, acute renal failure, progressive azotemia, and acute pulmonary edema. It is a disease with high mortality rate and high morbidity. Failure to treat could cause chronic kidney disease and a need for renal surgery.
Ischemia
Infarction
Venous stasis
Heat edema
Angiopathy
Contracture
Reperfusion injury
Scar