<unk>  is occasionally used as a class I antiarrhythmic agent to prevent ventricular arrhythmias, particularly in Brugada Syndrome, although its safety in this indication is uncertain. It reduces the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after patients undergo cardioversion, but it has proarrhythmic effects and trials suggest that it may lead to an overall increased mortality in these patients.<unk>  is also used to treat short<unk> T syndrome. Eli Lilly has discontinued manufacture of parenteral<unk>  gluconate in the US, and its future availability in many countries is uncertain. Other uses There is one study supporting the use of a novel combination of dextromethorphan and low dose<unk>  in alleviating symptoms of easy laughing and crying (pseudobulbar affect); these are a type rather severe uncontrollable behaviors which can be present in various neurological pathologies such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The dose of<unk>  (10mg two times daily) is about 1/40th of a relatively low antiarrhythmic dose (400mg, twice or 3 times daily, as an example; antiarrythmic doses can sometimes exceed 1500mg/day). The authors did not observe significant safety risks using the low<unk>  dose, but urged caution and also pointed out that<unk>  interacts with a large number of other medications in dangerous or unpredictable ways. Interestingly, a meta analysis was published referencing only that one study. Although intravenous<unk>  is sometimes used to treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria, the future availability of this agent is uncertain.
Quinidine
Lidocaine
Nortilidine
Colestilan
Ibutilide
Maprotiline
Etidocaine
Amiodarone