Thymoma Most common primary anterior<unk> (20%) in adults but rarely seen in children. It can be classified as lymphocytic, epithelial, or spindle cell histologies, but the clinical significance of these classifications is controversial. Tonofibrils seen under electron microscopy can differentiate thymoma from other<unk>  such as carcinoid, Hodgkin's, and seminoma. Patients are usually asymptomatic but can present with myasthenia gravis-related symptoms, substernal pain, dyspnea, or cough. Invasive<unk>  can produce compression effects such as superior vena cava syndrome. Thymomas are diagnosed with CT or MRI revealing a mass in anterior mediastinum. Therapy in stage I<unk>  consists of surgical resection with good prognosis. Stage II–III requires maximal resection possible followed by radiation. Stage IV disease requires addition of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in addition to those in stage II and III. For those with invasive thymoma, treatment is based on induction chemotherapy, surgical resection, and post-surgical radiation. 5-year survival for invasive thymoma is between 12–54% regardless of any myasthenia gravis symptoms. Lymphoma Micrograph of a primary<unk>  large B-cell lymphoma, a rare type of lymphoma that arises in the mediastinum. H&E stain. Second most common primary anterior<unk>  mass in adults. Most are seen in the anterior compartment and rest are seen in middle compartment. Hodgkin's lymphoma usually present in 40–50's with nodular sclerosing type (7), and non-Hodgkin's appears in all age groups. There is also primary<unk>  B-cell lymphoma with exceptionally good prognosis. Common symptoms of a<unk>  lymphoma of include fever, weight loss, night sweats, and compressive symptoms such as pain, dyspnea, wheezing, Superior vena cava syndrome, pleural effusions. Diagnosis usually by CT showing lobulated mass. Confirmation done by tissue biopsy of accompanying nodes if any, mediastinoscopy, mediastinotomy, or thoracotomy. FNA biopsy is usually not adequate. Treatment of<unk>  Hodgkin's involves chemotherapy and/or radiation. 5 year survival is now around 75%. Large-cell type may have somewhat better prognosis. Surgery is generally not performed because of invasive nature of<unk>  Of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell, 2% of cases are<unk>  large B cell lymphomas.
Mediastinal tumors
Tracheal tumor
Lung tumor
Airway obstruction
Lung nodule
Mediastinitis
Pleural disease
Lung cancer