Scheme of a<unk>  formed by phospholipids in an aqueous solution.<unk> s are composite structures made of phospholipids and may contain small amounts of other molecules. Though<unk> s can vary in size from low micrometer range to tens of micrometers, unilamellar<unk> s, as pictured here, are typically in the lower size range with various targeting ligands attached to their surface allowing for their surface-attachment and accumulation in pathological areas for treatment of disease. A<unk>  is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer. The<unk>  can be used as a drug delivery vehicle for administration of nutrients and pharmaceutical drugs, such as lipid nanoparticles in mRNA vaccines, and DNA vaccines.<unk> s can be prepared by disrupting biological membranes (such as by sonication).<unk> s are most often composed of phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine, but may also include other lipids, such as egg phosphatidylethanolamine, so long as they are compatible with lipid bilayer structure. A<unk>  design may employ surface ligands for attaching to unhealthy tissue. The major types of<unk> s are the multilamellar vesicle (MLV, with several lamellar phase lipid bilayers), the small unilamellar<unk>  vesicle (SUV, with one lipid bilayer), the large unilamellar vesicle (LUV), and the cochleate vesicle. A less desirable form are multivesicular<unk> s in which one vesicle contains one or more smaller vesicles.<unk> s should not be confused with lysosomes, or with micelles and reverse micelles composed of monolayers.
Liposome
Glycol nucleic acid
Cementicle
Endosome
Protelean
Dendrosome
Polysome
Matrix-core