KCNE2 In the<unk> -Ward forms of Long QT syndrome, genetic mutations affect how positively-charged ions, such as potassium, sodium and calcium ions are transported in and out of heart cells. Many of these genes encode proteins which form or interact with ion channels. In cardiac muscle, these ion channels play critical roles in maintaining the heart's normal rhythm. Mutations in any of these genes alter the structure or function of channels, which changes the flow of ions between cells, a disruption in ion transport alters the way the heart beats, leading to abnormal heart rhythm characteristic of the syndrome. The protein made by the ANK2 gene ensures that other proteins, particularly ion channels, are inserted into the cell membrane appropriately. A mutation in the ANK2 gene likely alters the flow of ions between cells in the heart, which disrupts the heart's normal rhythm and results in the features of<unk> .
Romano–Ward syndrome
Brugada syndrome
Witteveen–Kolk syndrome
Andersen–Tawil syndrome
Townes–Brocks syndrome
Laugier–Hunziker syndrome
Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome
Morgagni Stewart Morel syndrome