Smoking is the number one cause of<unk> . Other factors include gastroesophageal reflux, hypothyroidism and chronic overuse of the voice. Smoking and reflux are the only risk factors that may lead to cancer. Additionally, the combination of several risk factors increase the likelihood of an individual developing<unk> . For example, an individual who smokes and also has gastric reflux would have an increased susceptibility for developing<unk>  over time.<unk>  is commonly diagnosed in middle-aged females with a history of smoking (aged 50 years or older). Because males have lower pitched voices than females, males are less likely to observe a significant changes in the voice, and are therefore less likely to seek treatment. Females also report more physical discomfort due to<unk> . The risk of<unk>  increases with age and also with prolonged exposure to smoking. Additionally, individuals in professions that require constant use of the voice, such as singers, teachers, and radio hosts, may be at an increased risk for developing the disease. Because the disease is heavily linked to smoking, there is no established way to screen for<unk> . Similarly, the only way to prevent<unk>  is to avoid smoking. By adopting a non-smoking lifestyle after being diagnosed with<unk> , it is possible to stop the disease's progression, although it is not possible to reverse it. Therefore, it is critical to maintain a non-smoking lifestyle even after surgery, because the fluid can re-emerge. In fact, in many cases surgeons will not perform surgery without the guarantee that the individual will stop smoking.
Reinke's edema
Berlin's edema
Forchheimer spots
Fuchs spot
Koplik's spots
Bitot's spots
Olney's lesions
Roth's spot