Phonocardiograms from normal and abnormal heart sounds<unk>  may be present for many years before any symptoms appear. The symptoms associated with<unk>  are dependent on which phase of the disease process the individual is in. Individuals with acute<unk>  are typically severely symptomatic and will have the signs and symptoms of acute decompensated congestive heart failure (i.e. shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea).In acute cases, a murmur and tachycardia may be the only distinctive signs. Individuals with chronic compensated<unk>  may be asymptomatic for long periods of time, with a normal exercise tolerance and no evidence of heart failure. Over time, however, there may be decompensation and patients can develop volume overload (congestive heart failure). Symptoms of entry into a decompensated phase may include fatigue, shortness of breath particularly on exertion, and leg swelling. Also, there may be development of an irregular heart rhythm known as atrial fibrillation. Findings on clinical examination depend on the severity and duration of<unk> . The mitral component of the first heart sound is usually soft and with a laterally displaced apex beat, often with heave. The first heart sound is followed by a high-pitched holosystolic murmur at the apex, radiating to the back or clavicular area. Its duration is, as the name suggests, the whole of systole. The loudness of the murmur does not correlate well with the severity of<unk> . It may be followed by a loud, palpable P2, heard best when lying on the left side. A third heart sound is commonly heard. Patients with mitral valve prolapse may have a holosystolic murmur or often a mid-to-late systolic click and a late systolic murmur. Cases with a late systolic regurgitant murmur may still be associated with significant hemodynamic consequences.<unk>  as a result of papillary muscle damage or rupture may be a complication of a heart attack and lead to cardiogenic shock.
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic stenosis
Tricuspid valve stenosis
Systolic hypertension