<unk>  explanation video<unk>  <unk>  occurs when an injury to the innermost layer of the aorta allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, forcing the layers apart. In most cases, this is associated with a sudden onset of severe chest or back pain, often described as "tearing" in character. Also, vomiting, sweating, and lightheadedness may occur. Other symptoms may result from decreased blood supply to other organs, such as stroke, lower extremity ischemia, or mesenteric ischemia.<unk>  can quickly lead to death from insufficient blood flow to the heart or complete rupture of the aorta.<unk>  is more common in those with a history of high blood pressure; a number of connective tissue diseases that affect blood vessel wall strength including Marfan syndrome and Ehlers Danlos syndrome; a bicuspid aortic valve; and previous heart surgery. Major trauma, smoking, cocaine use, pregnancy, a thoracic aortic aneurysm, inflammation of arteries, and abnormal lipid levels are also associated with an increased risk. The diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms with medical imaging, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasound used to confirm and further evaluate the<unk> . The two main types are Stanford type A, which involves the first part of the aorta, and type B, which does not. Prevention is by blood pressure control and smoking cessation. Management of<unk>  depends on the part of the aorta involved.<unk> s that involve the first part of the aorta <unk> jacent to the heart) usually require surgery. Surgery may be done either by an opening in the chest or from inside the blood vessel.<unk> s that involve the second part of the aorta can typically be treated with medications that lower blood pressure and heart rate, unless there are complications which then require surgical correction.<unk>  is relatively rare, occurring at an estimated rate of three per 100,000 people per year. It is more common in men than women. The typical age at diagnosis is 63, with about 10% of cases occurring before the age of 40. Without treatment, about half of people with Stanford type A<unk> s die within three days and about 10% of people with Stanford type B<unk> s die within one month. The first case of<unk>  was described in the examination of King George II of Great Britain following his death in 1760. Surgery for<unk>  was introduced in the 1950s by Michael E. DeBakey.
Aortic dissection
Costochondritis
Aortic rupture
Tietze syndrome  Tietze syndrome  1
Acute aortic syndrome
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Aortoenteric fistula
Myocardial rupture