<unk> s are neoplasms located in either the vertebral column or the spinal cord. There are three main types of<unk> s classified based on their location: extradural and intradural (intradural-intramedullary and intradural-extramedullary). Extradural<unk> s are located outside the dura mater lining and are most commonly metastatic. Intradural<unk> s are located inside the dura mater lining and are further subdivided into intramedullary and extramedullary<unk> s. Intradural-intramedullary<unk> s are located within the dura and spinal cord parenchyma, while intradural-extramedullary<unk> s are located within the dura but outside the spinal cord parenchyma. The most common presenting symptom of<unk> s is nocturnal back pain. Other common symptoms include muscle weakness, sensory loss, and difficulty walking. Loss of bowel and bladder control may occur during the later stages of the disease. The cause of<unk> s is unknown. Most extradural<unk> s are metastatic commonly from breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancer. There are many genetic factors associated with intradural<unk> s, most commonly neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2), and Von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) syndrome. The most common type of intradural-extramedullary<unk> s are meningiomas and nerve-sheath<unk> s. The most common type of intradural-intramedullary<unk> s are ependymomas and astrocytomas. Diagnosis involves a complete medical evaluation followed by imaging with a CT or MRI. A biopsy may be obtained in certain cases to categorize the lesion if the diagnosis is uncertain. Treatment often involves some combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Observation with follow-up imaging may be an option for small, benign lesions. Steroids may also be given before surgery in cases of significant cord compression. Outcomes depend on a number of factors including whether the<unk>  is benign or malignant, primary or metastatic, and location of the<unk> . Treatment is often palliative for the vast majority of metastatic<unk> s.
Spinal tumor
Spinal disease
Spinal stenosis
Spinal disc herniation
Spinal fracture
Spinal epidural hematoma
Cervical spinal stenosis
Lumbar spinal stenosis