<unk>  is mainly used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism. Schizophrenia<unk>  is effective in treating psychogenic polydipsia and the acute exacerbations of schizophrenia. Studies evaluating the utility of<unk>  by mouth for maintenance therapy have reached varying conclusions. A 2012 systematic review concluded that evidence is strong that<unk>  is more effective than all first-generation antipsychotics other than haloperidol, but that evidence directly supporting its superiority to placebo is equivocal. A 2011 review concluded that<unk>  is more effective in relapse prevention than other first- and second-generation antipsychotics with the exception of olanzapine and clozapine. A 2016 Cochrane review suggests that<unk>  reduces the overall symptoms of schizophrenia, but firm conclusions are difficult to make due to very low-quality evidence. Data and information are scarce, poorly reported, and probably biased in favour of<unk> , with about half of the included trials developed by drug companies. The article raises concerns regarding the serious side effects of<unk> , such as parkinsonism. A 2011 Cochrane review compared<unk>  with other atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine for schizophrenia: Summary<unk>  seems to produce somewhat more extrapyramidal side effects and clearly more prolactin increase than most other atypical antipsychotics. It may also differ from other compounds in the occurrence of other adverse effects such as weight gain, metabolic problems, cardiac effects, sedation, and seizures. Nevertheless, the large proportion of participants leaving studies early and incomplete reporting of outcomes makes drawing firm conclusions difficult. Outcome Findings in words Findings in numbers Quality of evidence Global state No clinically significant response<unk>  is not clearly different when compared to olanzapine. Data supporting this finding are based on moderate-quality evidence. RR 1.06 (0.99 to 1.13) Moderate Leaving the study early due to any reason<unk>  probably slightly increases the chance of leaving the study early, when compared with olanzapine. Data are based on moderate quality evidence. RR 1.14 (1.07 to 1.21) Moderate Service outcome Number of patients rehospitalizedFollow-up: up to 12 weeks No clear difference is seen between<unk>  and olanzapine for the outcome of how much hospital/community care is used. These findings are based on data of low quality. RR 1.35 (0.41 to 4.40) Low Mental state Average PANSS score (high = poor)Follow-up: up to 12 weeks On average, people receiving<unk>  scored slightly higher (worse) than people treated with olanzapine but there was no clear difference between the groups. The meaning of this in day-to-day care is unclear. This finding is based on data of low quality. MD 0.97 higher (1.1 lower to 3.05 higher) Low Adverse effects At least one adverse effect There was no clear difference between<unk>  and olanzapine for this very general adverse effect outcome. These findings are based on data of low quality. RR 0.96 (0.88 to 1.03) Low Quality of life Average QLS scale score (high = poor)Follow-up: over 26 weeks On average, people receiving<unk>  scored higher than people treated with olanzapine. There was no clear difference between the groups. The meaning of this in day-to-day care is unclear. This finding is based on data of moderate quality. MD 0.97 higher (1.1 lower to 3.05 higher) Moderate Long-acting injectable formulations of antipsychotic drugs provide improved compliance with therapy and reduce relapse rates relative to oral formulations. The efficacy of<unk>  long-acting injection appears to be similar to that of long acting injectable forms of first generation antipsychotics. Bipolar disorder Second-generation antipsychotics, including<unk> , are effective in the treatment of manic symptoms in acute manic or mixed exacerbations of bipolar disorder. In children and adolescents,<unk>  may be more effective than lithium or divalproex, but has more metabolic side effects. As maintenance therapy, long-acting injectable<unk>  is effective for the prevention of manic episodes but not depressive episodes. The long-acting injectable form of<unk>  may be advantageous over long acting first generation antipsychotics, as it is better tolerated (fewer extrapyramidal effects) and because long acting injectable formulations of first generation antipsychotics may increase the<unk> k of depression. Autism Compared to placebo,<unk>  treatment reduces certain problematic behaviors in autistic children, including aggression toward others, self-injury, challenging behaviour, and rapid mood changes. The evidence for its efficacy appears to be greater than that for alternative pharmacological treatments. Weight gain is an important adverse effect. Some authors recommend limiting the use of<unk>  and aripiprazole to those with the most challenging behavioral disturbances in order to minimize the<unk> k of drug-induced adverse effects. Evidence for the efficacy of<unk>  in autistic adolescents and young adults is less persuasive. Other uses<unk>  has shown promise in treating therapy-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder, when serotonin reuptake inhibitors alone are not sufficient.<unk>  has not demonstrated a benefit in the treatment of eating disorders or personality disorders, except for limited evidence in schizotypal personality disorder. While antipsychotic medications such as<unk>  have a slight benefit in people with dementia, they have been linked to higher incidence of death and stroke. Because of this increased<unk> k of death, treatment of dementia-related psychosis with<unk>  is not FDA approved and carries a black box warning. Forms Available forms of<unk>  include tablet, oral dissolving tablet, oral solution, and powder and solvent for suspension for injection.
Risperidone
Aripiprazole
Methylphenidate
Olanzapine
Ziprasidone
Sertraline
Dexmethylphenidate
Lorpiprazole