Estimating the number of<unk> s that occur is difficult as the<unk>  involvement may not be confirmed or identified. Several researchers recommend only evaluating verified bites: those that have an eyewitness to the bite, the<unk>  is brought in, and identified by expert. With "suspected arachnidism" the diagnosis came without a<unk>  positively identified. Africa Several Latrodectus species (button<unk> s) live in Africa. South Africa also has six-eyed sand<unk> s (Hexophthalma species), whose bite may potentially cause skin necrosis. Physicians are advised that the diagnosis may be difficult without a<unk> . Australia Bites by the redbacks (Latrodectus hasselti) number a few thousand yearly throughout the country. Antivenom use is frequent but declining. Children may have fewer complications from bites. Funnel web<unk> s are few 30–40 per year and 10% requiring intervention. The Sydney funnel web and related species are only on the east coast of Australia. Europe In Switzerland about ten to one hundred<unk> s occur per one million people per year. During epidemics of latrodectism from the European black widow upwards of 150 bites a year were documented. North America The American Association of Poison Control Centers reported that they received calls regarding nearly 10,000<unk> s in 1994. The<unk> s of most concern in North America are brown recluse<unk> s, with nearly 1,500 bites in 2013 and black widow<unk> s with 1,800 bites. The native habitat of brown recluse<unk> s is in the southern and central United States, as far north as Iowa. Encounters with brown recluse outside this native region are very rare and bites are thought to be suspect. A dozen major complications were reported in 2013. South America Numerous<unk> s are recorded in Brazil with 5000+ annually. Loxosceles species are responsible for the majority of reports. Accidents are concentrated in the southern state of Parana with rates as high as 1 per 1,000 people. Bite from Phoneutria (Brazilian wandering<unk>  number in the thousands with most being mild. Severe effects are noted in 0.5% of cases, mostly in children.
Spider bite
Dog bite
Cat bite
Animal bite
Centipede bite
Nail biting
Snakebite
Needlestick injury