The number of initiatives addressing<unk>  is limited and few have been evaluated. The approaches vary with most interventions being developed and implemented in industrialized countries. How relevant they may be in other settings is not well known. Early interventions and the provision of psychological support may prevent or minimize many of the harmful and lasting psychological impacts of<unk>  assault.The interventions that have been developed can be categorized as follows. Initiatives to prevent<unk>  Individual approaches Health care responses Community based efforts Legal and policy responses Psychological care and support Medico-legal services Prevention campaigns Legal reform Programmes for perpetrators Training for health care professionals Community activism by men International treaties Developmental approaches Prophylaxis for HIV infection School-based programmes Enforcement mechanisms Centres providing comprehensive care to victims of<unk>  assault West Midlands Police campaign poster against<unk>  There is also a public health approach to prevention. Because<unk>  is widespread and directly or indirectly affects a community as whole, a community-oriented approach encourages not just victims and advocates to spread awareness and prevent<unk> , but allocates responsibility to wider community to do so as well. The CDC's report on<unk>  Prevention: Beginning the Dialogue suggests following its four step model. # Define the Problem: Collect data about the victims, perpetrators, where it's occurring, and how often it's happening. # Identify Risk and Protective Factors: Research the risk factors that may put people at risk for victimization of perpetration # Develop and Test Prevention Strategies: Work with community leaders, practitioners to test different<unk>  prevention strategies # Ensure Widespread Adoption: Implement and spread awareness about the successful prevention strategies Child<unk>  abuse prevention programmes were developed in the United States of America during the 1970s and originally delivered to children. Programmes delivered to parents were developed in the 1980s and took the form of one-off meetings, two to three hours long. In the last 15 years, web-based programmes have been developed.
Sexual violence
Physical abuse
Domestic violence
Psychological abuse
Child abuse
Sexual assault
Childhood trauma
Intimate partner violence