Chest X-ray of<unk> <unk>  compared to chest X-ray of the same person after treatment<unk>  is defined as an<unk> <unk><unk>  that is temporally<unk>  to a blood transfusion; specifically, it occurs within the first six hours following a transfusion. It is typically associated with plasma components such as platelets and fresh frozen plasma, though cases have been reported with packed red blood cells since there is some residual plasma in the packed cells. Incidents have also been reported with other blood products including "cryoprecipitate, granulocytes, intravenous immune globulin, allogeneic and autologous stem cells". It is a diagnosis upon examination of clinical manifestations that appear within 6 hours of transfusion, such as<unk>  respiratory distress, tachypnea, hypotension, cyanosis, and dyspnea.<unk>  is an uncommon syndrome, that is due to the presence of leukocyte antibodies in transfused plasma. It is believed to occur in approximately one in every 5000 transfusions. Leukoagglutination and pooling of granulocytes in the recipient's<unk> s may occur, with release of the contents of leukocyte granules, and resulting<unk>  to cellular membranes, endothelial surfaces, and potentially to<unk>  parenchyma. In most cases leukoagglutination results in mild dyspnea and pulmonary infiltrates within about 6 hours of transfusion, and spontaneously resolves. Occasionally more severe<unk><unk>  occurs as a result of this phenomenon and<unk>  respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) results. Leukocyte filters may prevent<unk>  for those patients whose<unk><unk>  is due to leukoagglutination of the donor white blood cells, but because most<unk>  is due to donor antibodies to leukocytes, filters are not helpful in<unk>  prevention. Transfused plasma (from any component source) may also contain antibodies that cross-react with platelets in the recipient, producing usually mild forms of posttransfusion purpura or platelet aggregation after transfusion. Another nonspecific form of immunologic transfusion complication is mild to moderate immunosuppression consequent to transfusion. This effect of transfusion is not completely understood, but appears to be more common with cellular transfusion and may result in both desirable and undesirable effects. Mild immunosuppression may benefit organ transplant recipients and patients with autoimmune diseases; however, neonates and other already immunosuppressed hosts may be more vulnerable to infection, and cancer patients may possibly have worse outcomes postoperatively.
Transfusion-related acute lung injury
Transfusion associated circulatory overload
Culture-bound syndrome
Macrophage activation syndrome
Transfusion-related immunomodulation
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Transfusion transmitted infection
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease