For clinical stages I and II<unk>  cancer,<unk> , with radiotherapy and possibly chemotherapy may be indicated if one or two sentinel lymph nodes are found to have cancer which is not extensive. In this case, the sentinel lymph nodes would be examined, and lymphadenectomy as further evaluation is not indicated as this result from the sentinel lymph nodes is sufficient to recommend treatment.<unk>  may also be used in cases of biopsy-proven invasive<unk>  cancer or biopsy-proven ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In the assessment of the tumor, the surgeon should assess the ability to resect the tumor with clear margins while providing a cosmetic result that is acceptable to the patient. Shared decision-making is an important consideration in<unk> . It is estimated that between 50% and 70% of patients are active participants in the decision making of<unk>  cancer<unk> . The time following a cancer diagnosis may be filled with fear, vulnerability, and a sense of being overwhelmed at the amount of information being provided by physicians as well as accessed on the internet. Each patient has their own set of unique characteristics, which may make it challenging to read information online and apply that information to a specific individual circumstance. In addition, there are several important misconceptions regarding<unk> -conservation<unk>  for patients and clinicians to keep in mind. # In appropriately selected patients, mastectomy and<unk>  have equivalent survival rates. # Undergoing mastectomy does not eliminate the risk for recurrent or new cancer. # Radiation therapy may still be needed following<unk> -conservation<unk> . # The decision regarding the need for chemotherapy is independent from the surgical options.
Breast-conserving surgery
Breast reconstruction
Preventive mastectomy
Cryoablation
Radical mastectomy
Mammaplasty
Trepanning
Microwave thermotherapy