Mild cases of<unk>  in adolescence may be treated with advice on lifestyle habits such as proper diet and exercise with reassurance. In more severe cases, medical treatment may be offered including medication or surgical intervention. Medication<unk>  can respond well to medical treatment although it is usually only effective when done within the first two years after the start of male breast enlargement. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, and clomifene may be beneficial in the treatment of<unk>  but are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in<unk> . Clomifene seems to be less effective than tamoxifen or raloxifene. Tamoxifen may be used to treat<unk>  in adults and of the medical treatments used, tamoxifen is the most effective. Recent studies have shown that treatment with tamoxifen may represent a safe and effective mode of treatment in cases of cosmetically disturbing or painful<unk> . Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) such as anastrozole have been used off-label for cases of<unk>  occurring during puberty but are less effective than SERMs. A few cases of<unk>  caused by the rare disorders aromatase excess syndrome and Peutz–Jeghers syndrome have responded to treatment with AIs such as anastrozole. Androgens/anabolic steroids may be effective for<unk> . Testosterone itself may not be suitable to treat<unk>  as it can be aromatized into estradiol, but nonaromatizable androgens like topical androstanolone (dihydrotestosterone) can be useful. Surgery Male with asymmetrical<unk> , before and after excision of the gland and liposuction of the waist If chronic<unk>  does not respond to medical treatment, surgical removal of glandular breast tissue is usually required. The American Board of Cosmetic Surgery reports surgery is the "most effective known treatment for<unk> ." Surgical approaches to the treatment of<unk>  include subcutaneous mastectomy, liposuction-assisted mastectomy, laser-assisted liposuction, and laser-lipolysis without liposuction. Complications of mastectomy may include hematoma, surgical wound infection, breast asymmetry, changes in sensation in the breast, necrosis of the areola or nipple, seroma, noticeable or painful scars, and contour deformities. In 2019, 24,123 male patients underwent surgical treatment for<unk>  in the United States, accounting for a 19% increase since 2000. Thirty-five percent of those patients were between the ages of 20 and 29, and 60% were younger than age 29 at the time of the operation. At an average surgeon's fee of $4,123,<unk>  surgery was also the 11th most costly male cosmetic surgery of 2019. Others Radiation therapy and tamoxifen have been shown to help prevent<unk>  and breast pain from developing in prostate cancer patients who will be receiving androgen deprivation therapy. The efficacy of these treatments is limited once<unk>  has occurred and are therefore most effective when used prophylactically. In the United States, many insurance companies deny coverage for surgery for<unk>  treatment or male breast reduction on the basis that it is a cosmetic procedure.
Gynecomastia
Breast atrophy
Pattern hair loss
Post-vacation blues
Adipomastia
Trichomegaly
Breast hypertrophy
Clitoromegaly