The illustration shows a person having<unk> . The person sits upright and leans on a table. Excess fluid from the pleural space is drained into a bag. Instruments for thoracocentesis and needle biopsy of the pleura. This procedure is indicated when unexplained fluid accumulates in the chest cavity outside the lung. In more than 90% of cases analysis of pleural fluid yields clinically useful information. If a large amount of fluid is present, then this procedure can also be used therapeutically to remove that fluid and improve patient comfort and lung function. The most common causes of pleural effusions are cancer, congestive heart failure, pneumonia, and recent surgery. In countries where tuberculosis is common, this is also a common cause of pleural effusions. When cardiopulmonary status is compromised (i.e. when the fluid or air has its repercussions on the function of heart and lungs), due to air (significant pneumothorax), fluid (pleural fluid) or blood (hemothorax) outside the lung, then this procedure is usually replaced with tube thoracostomy, the placement of a large tube in the pleural space.
Thoracentesis
Thoracotomy
Thoracostomy
Pleurodesis
Thoracoscopy
Paracentesis
Pneumonectomy
Pulmonary tractotomy