The prognosis for<unk>  in forensic and clinical settings is quite poor, with some studies reporting that treatment may worsen the antisocial aspects of<unk>  as measured by recidivism rates, though it is noted that one of the frequently cited studies finding increased criminal recidivism after treatment, a 2011 retrospective study of a treatment program in the 1960s, had several serious methodological problems and likely would not be approved of today. However, some relatively rigorous quasi-experimental studies using more modern treatment methods have found improvements regarding reducing future violent and other criminal behavior, regardless of PCL-R scores, although none were randomized controlled trials. Various other studies have found improvements in risk factors for crime such as substance abuse. No study has yet examined whether the personality traits that form the core character disturbances of<unk>  could be changed by such treatments.
Psychopathy
Gemütlose psychopathy
Externalizing disorder
Internalizing disorder
Tic disorder
Agoraphobia
Personality pathology
Kleptomania