Figure 1: Rainfall plot maps the inter-mutational distance of breast cancer genes and tracks the basepair substitution in each mutation. A) shows clustered<unk>  pattern in a small region (denoted by the red dots), and B) shows<unk>  patterns scattered all over the genome. In molecular biology,<unk>  describes a pattern of localized hypermutations identified in some cancer genomes, in which a large number of highly patterned basepair mutations occur in a small region of DNA. The mutational clusters are usually several hundred basepairs long, alternating between a long range of C→T substitutional pattern and a long range of G→A substitutional pattern. This suggests that<unk>  is carried out on only one of the two template strands of DNA during replication. Compared to other cancer-related mutations, such as chromothripsis,<unk>  is more commonly seen; it is not an accumulative process but likely happens during one cycle of replication. The term<unk>  (καταιγίς) is derived from the ancient Greek word for "thunderstorm". It was first used by scientists at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute to describe their observations of breast cancer cells. In the process of mapping mutation clusters across the genome, they used a visualization tool called " rainfall plots", as shown on the picture on the right, with which they observed a clustering pattern for<unk> .
Kataegis
Coprographia
Niigata Minamata disease
Bahima disease
Minamata disease
Arcus senilis
Cherubism
Baller–Gerold syndrome