Spheres of<unk>  made by the Mond process Thermal decarbonylation On moderate heating, Ni(CO)4 decomposes to carbon monoxide and<unk>  metal. Combined with the easy formation from CO and even very impure<unk> , this decomposition is the basis for the Mond process for the purification of<unk>  or plating onto surfaces. Thermal decomposition commences near 180 °C and increases at higher temperature. Reactions with nucleophiles and reducing agents Like other low-valent metal carbonyls, Ni(CO)4 is susceptible to attack by nucleophiles. Attack can occur at<unk>  center, resulting in displacement of CO ligands, or at CO. Thus, donor ligands such as triphenylphosphine react to give Ni(CO)3(PPh3) and Ni(CO)2(PPh3)2. Bipyridine and related ligands behave similarly. The monosubstitution of<unk>  with other ligands can be used to determine the Tolman electronic parameter, a measure of the electron donating or withdrawing ability of a given ligand. :Structure of Ni(PPh3)2(CO)2. Treatment with hydroxides gives clusters such as Ni5(CO)122− and Ni6(CO)122−. These compounds can also be obtained by reduction of<unk>  carbonyl. Thus, treatment of Ni(CO)4 with carbon nucleophiles (Nu−) results in acyl derivatives such as Ni(CO)3C(O)Nu)−. Reactions with electrophiles and oxidizing agents<unk>  carbonyl can be oxidized. Chlorine oxidizes<unk>  carbonyl into NiCl2, releasing CO gas. Other halogens behave analogously. This reaction provides a convenient method for precipitating the<unk>  portion of the toxic compound. Reactions of Ni(CO)4 with alkyl and aryl halides often result in carbonylated organic products. Vinylic halides, such as PhCH=CHBr, are converted to the unsaturated esters upon treatment with Ni(CO)4 followed by sodium methoxide. Such reactions also probably proceed via oxidative addition. Allylic halides give the π-allylnickel compounds, such as (allyl)2Ni2Cl2: :2 Ni(CO)4 + 2 ClCH2CH=CH2 → Ni2(μ-Cl)2(η3-C3H5)2 + 8 CO
Nickel tetracarbonyl
Gold salts
Zinc cadmium sulfide
Lewis lead
Hydrogen fluoride
Tetrachlorodecaoxide
Selenium disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride