<unk>  also have multiple disadvantages compared to traditional<unk> . Since<unk>  are still in their infancy, there are still many unknowns left to discover. The adequate dosage amount and how long it lasts is still undetermined. The dosage varies due to many factors including: the plant generation, the individual plant, the protein content, the ripeness of the fruit and how much of it is eaten. The dosage also varies due to the difficulty in standardizing the concentration of the antigen in the plant tissue; it can be tedious to produce both consistently and large scale'. The antigen concentration can also vary significantly between individual fruits on a plant, individual plants, and between plant generations. Low doses result in the consumption of less antibodies but a high dose results in establishing an oral and immune tolerance to the<unk> proteins. The logistics of controlling dosage, quality, and consistency still need to be determined and verified. Since it is such a new field, the long-term effects are still unknown. Additionally, the effects and risk of using pesticides on the plants could be negative towards both the plant<unk> and the consumer. There is also the risk of transgenic escape into the surrounding environment; however, this could be reduced by regulating growing practices and locations. Many plants are not eaten raw and the cooking could weaken or destroy the proteins in the<unk>  In a study, it was found that after boiling a potato for 5 minutes, half of the<unk> survived, thus showing that not all<unk>  have to be ingested raw if dosages account for cooking times and temperatures. There is also a concern that the gastric enzymes and the acidic environment of the stomach will break down the<unk> before it can activate an immune response. Moreover, concerns have arisen regarding the<unk> behavior being different due to the differing glycosylation pattern of plants and humans.
Edible vaccines
Cancer vaccine
Vaccine
Tuberculosis vaccines
Crohns MAP Vaccine
Animal vaccination
Therapeutic vaccines
Genetic vaccine