<unk> s are U.S. state laws and a federal law that were created with the intent of allowing terminally ill patients access to experimental therapies (drugs, biologics, devices) that have completed Phase I testing but have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Prior to the passage of<unk>  to<unk>  laws, patients needed FDA approval to use experimental drugs. As of 2018, 41 U.S. states had passed<unk>  to<unk>  laws. The value of these laws was questioned on multiple grounds, including the fact that pharmaceutical manufacturers would have no obligation to provide the therapies being sought. A federal<unk>  to<unk>  law was passed in May 2018. Since the signing of the bill thousands of patients have been able to use the experimental therapies. According to Scott Gottlieb, who served as commissioner of the FDA under President Donald Trump, the FDA had already approved 99% of patient requests for access to experimental drugs, either immediately over the phone or within a few days, prior to the passage of<unk>  to<unk>  legislation.
Right-to-try law
Comstock laws
Listing's law
Jewish medical ethics
Duty to protect
Farr's laws
Good Samaritan law
Concordat on Openness on Animal Research