An electron micrograph of<unk>  virus particles in an unknown sample.The<unk>  is a spherical, enveloped virus that ranges from 80-100 nm in diameter. The cellular receptors have not been characterized, but it is hypothesized that it has a molecular structure with near ubiquitous prevalence, since a wide range of cells are permissible to infection. As a retrovirus,<unk>  poses the following structural characteristics: * Envelope: Composed of phospholipids taken from a lipid bilayer, in this case the endoplasmic reticulum. Additional glycoproteins are synthesized from the env gene. The envelope protects the interior of the virus from the environment, and enables entry by fusing to the membrane of the permissive cell. * RNA: The genetic material that carries the code for protein production to create additional viral particles. * Proteins: consisting of gag proteins, protease (PR), pol proteins, and env proteins. * Group-specific antigen (gag) proteins are major components of the viral capsid. * Protease performs proteolytic cleavages during virion maturation to make mature gag and pol proteins. * Pol proteins are responsible for synthesis of viral DNA and integration into host DNA after infection. * Env proteins are required for the entry of virions into the host cell. The ability of the retrovirus to bind to its target host cell using specific cell-surface receptors is given by the surface component (SU) of the Env protein, while the ability of the retrovirus to enter the cell via membrane fusion is imparted by the membrane-anchored trans-membrane component (TM). Lack of or imperfections in Env proteins make the virus non-infectious.
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