Argon plasma coagulation, seen here to treat gastric antral vascular ectasia, has also been used to treat bleeding from<unk>  Medications Several treatment options have been developed for<unk> . The first is the use of beta-blockers, which reduce<unk>  pressures. Non-selective beta blockers (such as propranolol and nadolol) have been used to decrease the pressure of the<unk>  vein in patients with esophageal varices, and have been shown to regress<unk>  that has been worsened by medical treatment of varices. Propranolol has also been evaluated in patients with chronic cirrhosis and<unk> . Other medications that primarily treat bleeding, including anti-fibrinolytic medications such as tranexamic acid have also been used in case reports of patients with<unk> . These medications work by stabilizing deposits of fibrin at sites that ordinarily would bleed. Finally, octreotide, an analogue of somatostatin that leads to vasoconstriction of the<unk>  circulation, can be used for active bleeding due to<unk> . Sucralfate, a coating medication has also been used, but evidence is from animal models. Procedural<unk>  can also be treated with endoscopic treatment delivered through a fibre-optic camera into the stomach. Argon plasma coagulation and electrocautery have both been used to stop bleeding from ectatic vessels, and to attempt to obliterate the vessels, but have limited utility if the disease is diffuse. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedures, or TIPS involve decompressing the<unk>  vein by shunting a<unk>  venule to a lower pressure systemic venule, under guidance with fluoroscopy. Since it treats the root cause of<unk>  hypertension gastropathy, it has been putatively used for the condition. The literature reports suggest both regression of<unk>  on endoscopic images and improvement in bleeding after TIPS. Finally, cryotherapy involves the use of pressurized carbon dioxide administered through the endoscope to freeze and destroy tissue in a focal area. It is being studied for the treatment of<unk> .
Portal hypertensive gastropathy
Reactive gastropathy
Fibrosing colonopathy
Gastric varices
Obstructive purpura
Gastrointestinal intraepithelial neoplasia
Kangri ulcer
Peliosis hepatis