Causes of<unk> ing include hyperflexion, hypoxia, exposure to large changes in temperature, dehydration, or low blood salt. Muscle<unk> s can also be a symptom or complication of pregnancy; kidney disease; thyroid disease; hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, or hypocalcaemia (as conditions); restless legs syndrome; varicose veins; and multiple sclerosis. As early as 1965, researchers observed that leg<unk> s and restless legs syndrome can result from excess insulin, sometimes called hyperinsulinemia. Skeletal muscle<unk> s Under normal circumstances, skeletal muscles can be voluntarily controlled. Skeletal muscles that<unk>  the most often are the calves, thighs, and arches of the foot, and are sometimes called a "Charley horse" or a "corky". Such<unk> ing is associated with strenuous physical activity and can be intensely painful; however, they can even occur while inactive and relaxed. Around 40% of people who experience skeletal<unk> s are likely to endure extreme muscle pain, and may be unable to use the entire limb that contains the "locked-up" muscle group. It may take up to a week for the muscle to return to a pain-free state, depending on the person's fitness level, age, and several other factors. Nocturnal leg<unk> s Nocturnal leg<unk> s are involuntary muscle contractions that occur in the calves, soles of the feet, or other muscles in the body during the night or (less commonly) while resting. The duration of nocturnal leg<unk> s is variable, with<unk> s lasting anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes. Muscle soreness may remain after the<unk>  itself ends. These<unk> s are more common in older people. They happen quite frequently in teenagers and in some people while exercising at night. Besides being painful, a nocturnal leg<unk>  can cause much distress and anxiety. The precise cause of these<unk> s is unclear. Potential contributing factors include dehydration, low levels of certain minerals (magnesium, potassium, calcium, and sodium, although the evidence has been mixed), and reduced blood flow through muscles attendant in prolonged sitting or lying down. Nocturnal leg<unk> s (almost exclusively calf<unk> s) are considered "normal" during the late stages of pregnancy. They can, however, vary in intensity from mild to extremely painful. A lactic acid buildup around muscles can trigger<unk> s; however, they happen during anaerobic respiration when a person is exercising or engaging in an activity where the heartbeat rises. Medical conditions associated with leg<unk> s are cardiovascular disease, hemodialysis, cirrhosis, pregnancy, and lumbar canal stenosis. Differential diagnoses include restless legs syndrome, claudication, myositis, and peripheral neuropathy. All of them can be differentiated through careful history and physical examination. Gentle stretching and massage, putting some pressure on the affected leg by walking or standing, or taking a warm bath or shower may help to end the<unk> . If the<unk>  is in the calf muscle, dorsiflexing the foot will stretch the muscle and provide almost immediate relief. There is limited evidence supporting the use of magnesium, calcium channel blockers, carisoprodol, and vitamin B12. Quinine is no longer recommended for treatment of nocturnal leg<unk> s due to potential fatal hypersensitivity reactions and thrombocytopenia. Arrhythmias, cinchonism, and hemolytic uremic syndrome can also occur at higher dosages. Smooth muscle<unk> s Smooth muscle contractions may be symptomatic of endometriosis or other health problems. Menstrual<unk> s may also occur during a menstrual cycle, as a result of uterine contractions as the uterus sheds its lining. Menstrual pain is common and most menstruating women experience it at some point, with more than 40% experiencing pain every period. Severe pain is less common, but still significant.<unk> s caused by treatments Various medications may cause nocturnal leg<unk> s: * Diuretics, especially potassium sparing * Intravenous (IV) iron sucrose * Conjugated estrogens * Teriparatide * Naproxen * Raloxifene * Long acting adrenergic beta-agonists (LABAs) * Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (HMG-CoA inhibitors or statins) Statins may sometimes cause myalgia and<unk> s among other possible side effects. Raloxifene (Evista) is a medication associated with a high incidence of leg<unk> s. Additional factors, which increase the probability for these side effects, are physical exercise, age, history of<unk> s, and hypothyroidism. Up to 80% of athletes using statins suffer significant adverse muscular effects, including<unk> s; the rate appears to be approximately 10–25% in a typical statin-using population. In some cases, adverse effects disappear after switching to a different statin; however, they should not be ignored if they persist, as they can, in rare cases, develop into more serious problems. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation can be helpful to avoid some statin-related adverse effects, but currently there is not enough evidence to prove the effectiveness in avoiding myopathy or myalgia.
Cramp
Punding
Jungle Rot
Lint 
Jim 
Uinyeo
Lanugo
Sharsheret 