Differential diagnosis In most patients,<unk>  are an incidental finding. It is important to differentiate them from other conditions that present with optic<unk>  elevation, especially papilledema, which could imply raised intracranial pressure or tumors. True papilledema may present with exudates or cotton-wool spots, unlike ODD. The optic<unk>  margins are characteristically irregular in ODD but not blurred as there is no swelling of the retinal nerve fibers. Spontaneous venous pulsations are present in about 80 percent of patients with ODD, but absent in cases of true<unk>  edema. Other causes of<unk>  elevation clinicians must exclude may be: hyaloid traction, epipapillary glial tissue, myelinated nerve fibres, scleral infiltration, vitreopapillary traction and high hyperopia. Disorders associated with<unk>  elevation include: Alagille syndrome, Down syndrome, Kenny-Caffey syndrome, Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and linear nevus sebaceous syndrome.
Optic disc drusen
Macular hole
Macular hypoplasia
Optic disc pallor
Macular corneal dystrophy
Macular edema
Corneal neovascularization
Macular scarring