Adverse effects of<unk>  can range from less severe reactions, such as nausea and vomiting, to more severe reactions including: * Low blood cell counts * Allergic reactions * Neuromuscular problems * Nerve damage (neuropathy) * Kidney damage (nephrotoxicity) * Ear disorders (ototoxicity) Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are thought to be dose related with higher doses causing<unk> reater chance of toxicity. These two toxicities may have delayed presentation, sometimes not appearing until after completing treatment. Kidney damage Kidney damage is a problem in 10–25% of people who receive aminoglycosides, and<unk>  is one of the most nephrotoxic drugs of this class. Oftentimes, acute nephrotoxicity is reversible, but it may be fatal. The risk of nephrotoxicity can be affected by the dose, frequency, duration of therapy, and concurrent use of certain medications, such as NSAIDs, diuretics, cisplatin, ciclosporin, cephalosporins, amphotericin, iodide contrast media, and vancomycin. Factors that increase risk of nephrotoxicity include: * Increased age * Reduced renal function * Pregnancy * Hypothyroidism * Hepatic dysfunction * Volume depletion * Metabolic acidosis * Sodium depletion Kidney dysfunction is monitored by measuring creatinine in the blood, electrolyte levels, urine output, presence of protein in the urine, and concentrations of other chemicals, such as urea, in the blood. Inner ear About 11% of the population who receives aminoglycosides experience damage to their inner ear. The common symptoms of inner ear damage include tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo, trouble with coordination, and dizziness. Chronic use of<unk>  can affect two areas of the ears. First, damage of the inner ear hair cells can result in irreversible hearing loss. Second, damage to the inner ear vestibular apparatus can lead to balance problems. To reduce the risk of ototoxicity during treatment, it is recommended to stay hydrated. Factors that increase the risk of inner ear damage include: * Increased age * High blood uric acid levels * Kidney dysfunction * Liver dysfunction * Higher doses * Long courses of therapy * Also taking strong diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
Gentamicin
Piperacillin
Cefotaxime
Cefazolin
Levofloxacin
Carbenicillin
Acetic acid 
Acetic acid