<unk>  is a lack of the trace element<unk> , an essential nutrient in the diet. It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as congenital<unk>  syndrome due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems.<unk>  is an important global health issue, especially for fertile and pregnant women. It is also a preventable cause of intellectual disability.<unk>  is an essential dietary mineral for neurodevelopment among children. The thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine contain<unk> . In areas where there is little<unk>  in the diet, typically remote inland areas where no marine foods are eaten,<unk>  is common. It is also common in mountainous regions of the world where food is grown in<unk> -poor soil. Prevention includes adding small amounts of<unk>  to table salt, a product known as<unk> d salt.<unk>  compounds have also been added to other foodstuffs, such as flour, water and milk, in areas of<unk> . Seafood is also a well known source of<unk> . In the U.S., the use of<unk>  has decreased over concerns of overdoses since mid-20th century, and the<unk>  antagonists bromine, perchlorate and fluoride have become more ubiquitous. In particular, around 1980 the practice of using potassium iodate as dough conditioner in bread and baked goods was gradually replaced by the use of other conditioning agents such as bromide.<unk>  resulting in goiter occurs in 187 million people globally (2.7% of the population). It resulted in 2700 deaths in 2013, up from 2100 deaths in 1990.
Iodine deficiency
Growth hormone deficiency
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis
Isolated growth hormone deficiency
Congenital hypothyroidism
Constitutional growth delay
Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency
Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome