X-Ray showing<unk>  MPR) There is no single test for confirming that breathlessness is caused by<unk>  – there are many causes of shortness of breath. Low oxygen saturation and disturbed arterial blood gas readings support the proposed diagnosis by suggesting a<unk>  shunt. A chest X-ray will show fluid in the alveolar walls, Kerley B lines, increased vascular shadowing in a classical batwing<unk> ri-hilum pattern, upper lobe diversion (increased blood flow to the superior parts of the lung), and possibly pleural effusions. In contrast, patchy alveolar infiltrates are more typically associated with noncardiogenic<unk>  Lung ultrasound, employed by a healthcare provider at the point of care, is also a useful tool to diagnose<unk> ; not only is it accurate, but it may quantify the degree of lung water, track changes over time, and differentiate between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic<unk> . Especially in the case of cardiogenic<unk> , urgent echocardiography may strengthen the diagnosis by demonstrating impaired left ventricular function, high central venous pressures and high<unk>  artery pressures. Blood tests are<unk> rformed for electrolytes (sodium, potassium) and markers of renal function (creatinine, urea). Liver enzymes, inflammatory markers (usually C-reactive protein) and a complete blood count as well as coagulation studies (PT, aPTT) are also typically requested. B-type natriuretic<unk> ptide (BNP) is available in many hospitals, sometimes even as a point-of-care test. Low levels of BNP (<100 pg/ml) suggest a cardiac cause is unlikely.
Pulmonary edema
Pneumonia
Pleurisy
Emphysema
Hydrothorax
Pleural effusion
Pulmonary infiltrate
Atelectasis