<unk>  refers to a range of different signs and symptoms linked to impairment of function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), the vagus nerve (CN X), the accessory nerve (CN XI), and the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). It is caused by a lower motor neuron lesion in the medulla oblongata, or from lesions to these nerves outside the brainstem. This may be caused by any of a number of genetic, vascular, degenerative, inflammatory, and other underlying conditions. It can be differentiated from pseudobulbar<unk> . When there is airway obstruction, intubation is used.
Bulbar palsy
Pseudobulbar palsy
Trigeminal trophic syndrome
Cerebellopontine angle syndrome
Central facial palsy
Todd's paresis
Trigeminal autonomic cephalgia
Facial nerve paralysis