The two focuses of management for<unk><unk>  is supportive care to maintain oxygenation and ventilation to ensure that adequate oxygen is being delivered to blood, and to treat the underlying insult to the alveoli. Supportive Care Maintaining oxygenation and ventilation in<unk>  is achieved through a number of methods. The mechanism of these treatments is primarily to provide oxygen and keep the alveoli open so that they can take up oxygen from and deliver it to the bloodstream. Ventilatory support is recognized as an essential component to treat pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Non-invasive ventilation is the first step for patient's who require ventilatory support. This can take the form of oxygen delivered via nasal cannula or non-rebreather mask. Patients who require additional support may be given a high-flow nasal cannula which has an added function of providing positive pressure on the alveoli, can warm and humidify air and decrease required inspiratory effort of the patient. BiPAP and CPAP can also be used as next level treatment. Finally, intubation with ventilator support can be used with positive pressure to improve ventilation and oxygenation. In cases where methods to support the<unk> s to provide oxygen to the blood fail, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or ECMO can be considered. Treating underlying causes Treating underlying causes of damage to alveoli is also essential in most<unk> . Some more commonly seen instances of<unk>  include pulmonary edema and pneumonia. For pulmonary edema, medical treatment in addition to measures to maintain ventilation include diuretics to remove excess fluid from the<unk> s. Presumed bacterial pneumonia is typically treated with antibiotics.
Alveolar lung disease
Viral pneumonia
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Chemical pneumonitis
Radiation-induced lung injury
Rheumatoid lung disease
Lobar pneumonia
Alcoholic lung disease