<unk>  is an issue in many countries. To interpret the problem, psychological studies have been completed to ascertain how nurses feel about their career in the hope that they can determine what is preventing some nurses from keeping the profession as a long-term career. In a study completed by sociologist Bryan Turner, the study found that the most common<unk>  complaints were: * subordination to the medical profession on all matters, even over standardized regulations * difficult working conditions A report from the Commonwealth of Australia identified a few other matters that led to nurse dissatisfaction: * constant schedule changes * work overloads due to high number of patients and paperwork * shift work * lack of appreciation by superiors * lack of provided childcare * inadequate pay *lack of interest to join the field in countries with inadequate pay Another study found that nurse dissatisfaction stemmed from: * conflicting expectations from nurses and managers due to regulation of cost * inability to provide comprehensive<unk>  care due to work * loss of confidence in the health care system. Another study conducted by Peate and their colleague's have proven that the inability to provide effect and efficient care to patents caused nurses to question their job abilities and fear that their job is at stake. In many jurisdictions, administrative/government health policy and practice has changed very little in the last decades. Cost-cutting is the priority, patient loads are uncontrolled, and nurses are rarely consulted when recommending health care reform. The major reason nurses plan to leave the field, as stated by the First Consulting Group, is because of working conditions. With the high turnover rate, the<unk>  field does not have a chance to build up the already frustrated staff. Aside from the deteriorating working conditions, the real problem is<unk> ’s failure to be attractive to the younger generation." There's a decline in interest among college students to consider<unk>  as a probable career. More than half of currently working nurses "would not recommend<unk>  to their own children" and a little less than a quarter would advise others to avoid this as a profession altogether.<unk>  is a common career interest until the challenging classes present themselves in college and a decent amount of students decide that's not what they want anymore, they think its too much and they cant handle it. Australian<unk>  researchers John Buchanan and Gillian Considine described hospitals as "being run like a business" with "issues of patient care… of secondary importance." Emotional support, education, encouragement and counseling are integral to the everyday<unk>  practice. However, these practices are not easily quantified and are considered by managers as unjustified cost for the patients, who are viewed as consumers. Therefore, only clinical responsibilities, such as medication administration, dressing changes, foley catheter insertions, and anything that involves tangible supplies, are quantified and incorporated into the organization budget and plan of care for the consumers. The<unk>  affects the developing countries that supply nurses through recruitment to work abroad in wealthier countries. For example, to accommodate perceived<unk>  in the United States, American hospital recruit nurses from overseas, especially the Philippines and Africa. This, in turn, can lead to greater<unk> s in their home countries. In response, in 2010 the WHO's World Health Assembly adopted the Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel, a policy framework for all countries for the ethical international recruitment of nurses and other health professionals. Impacts on healthcare<unk> s (including low hospital-level nurse-to-patient ratios) have been linked to the following effects: *Increased nurses’ patient workloads *Increased risk for error, thereby compromising patient safety *Increased risk of spreading infection to patients and staff *Increased risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, pneumonia, shock, cardiac arrest, and urinary tract infections *Increased risk for occupational injury *Increase in<unk>  turnover, thereby leading to greater costs for the employer and the health care system *Increase in nurses' perception of unsafe working conditions, contributing to increased<unk>  and hindering local or national recruitment efforts There is an increase in the amount of nurses suffering from nurse burnout due to an extreme increase in stress. Extensive amounts of stress on the human body lead to psychological, mental and, physical health effects such as headaches, body aches, sleep disruption, chronic fatigue which in the long run can lead to anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms. Impacts Specifically Regarding Nurses and the Result<unk> s have an impact on the healthcare environment in all aspects of<unk> , but it does impact other nurses directly causing the<unk>  community to face issues of burnout. Burnout is a feeling that nurses experience when an overwhelming amount of workload is placed on a nurse. Usually this causes nurses to experience exhaustion in many different aspects, a sense of not feeling like themselves, and a sense of not feeling accomplished enough. Sometimes, burnout can interfere with good professional behavior and play a factor in the quality of care nurses give their patients. The feeling of burnout tends to contribute to feelings of stress as well. In relation to burnout, nurses are known to experience sleep disturbance which consist of trouble falling asleep as well as experiencing poor quality sleep. Sleep disturbance correlates directly with stress and burnout presenting that nurses with a higher level of sleep disturbance have lower levels of stress management. The issue of burnout tends to be a common factor that many nurses face due to the stress from an overwhelming workload, which can make it hard for some nurses to fall in love with their career field. Poor working conditions can place nurses at a higher risk for being a victim of workplace violence, such as not taking the proper vacation time, causing increased patient exposure as well as stress and exhaustion. This can have a negative affect on patient care as some nurses may resort to bringing self defense weapons to work to protect themselves.
Nursing shortage
Suboptimal health
Drug therapy problems
Medication costs
Unnecessary health care
Sex differences in medicine
Futile medical care
Consequences of the Black Death