<unk> s <unk>  are neurological disorders<unk>  with<unk>  infection and AIDS. It is a syndrome of progressive deterioration of memory, cognition, behavior, and motor function in<unk> -infected individuals during the late stages of the disease, when immunodeficiency is severe.<unk>  may include neurological disorders of various severity.<unk> s are<unk>  with a metabolic encephalopathy induced by<unk>  infection and fueled by immune activation of macrophages and microglia. These cells are actively infected with<unk>  and secrete neurotoxins of both host and viral origin. The essential features of<unk><unk>  dementia (HAD) are disabling cognitive impairment accompanied by motor dysfunction, speech problems and behavioral change. Cognitive impairment is characterised by mental slowness, trouble with memory and poor concentration. Motor symptoms include a loss of fine motor control leading to clumsiness, poor balance and tremors. Behavioral changes may include apathy, lethargy and diminished emotional responses and spontaneity. Histopathologically, it is identified by the infiltration of monocytes and macrophages into the central nervous system (CNS), gliosis, pallor of myelin sheaths, abnormalities of dendritic processes and neuronal loss. HAD typically occurs after years of<unk>  infection and is<unk>  with low CD4+ T cell levels and high plasma viral loads. It is sometimes seen as the first sign of the onset of AIDS. Prevalence is between 10–24% in Western countries and has only been seen in 1–2% of India-based infections. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of HAD has declined in developed countries, although its prevalence is increasing. HAART may prevent or delay the onset of HAD in people with<unk>  infection, and may also improve mental function in people who already have HAD. Dementia only exists when<unk>  impairment in the patient is severe enough to interfere markedly with day-to-day function. That is, the patient is typically unable to work and may not be able to take care of him or herself. Before this, the patient is said to have a mild<unk>  disorder.
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
HIV/AIDS
Alcohol-related dementia
Saint Louis encephalitis
Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders
Steroid dementia syndrome