<unk><unk>  can be misdiagnosed as a number of other conditions, leading to medications that are unnecessary or even worsen behavior; the condition may be at the root of treatment-resistant mental illness in adults. Diagnostic confusion burdens individuals and families and may cause them to seek unhelpful therapies. Conditions that must be considered in a differential<unk>  include other pervasive developmental disorders (autism, PDD-NOS, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett disorder), schizophrenia spectrum disorders (schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, schizoid personality disorder), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, semantic pragmatic disorder, multiple complex developmental disorder and nonverbal learning disorder (NLD). Differentiating between AS and other ASDs relies on the judgment of experienced clinicians. There is much overlap between AS and NLD: both have symptoms of precocious reading, verbosity, and clumsiness, but they differ in that children with AS have restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and less-typical social interactions. Tourette<unk>  (TS) should also be considered in differential<unk> : "It is in nonretarded, rigid individuals on the autistic spectrum, especially those with so-called<unk><unk> , that differences with less severely affected individuals with TS and obsessive compulsive disorder may become blurred, or that both disorders may coexist." Other problems to be considered in the differential<unk>  include selective mutism, stereotypic movement disorder and bipolar disorder as well as traumatic brain injury or birth trauma, conduct disorder, Cornelia De Lange<unk> , fetal alcohol<unk> , fragile X<unk> , dyslexia, Fahr<unk> , hyperlexia, leukodystrophy, multiple sclerosis and Triple X<unk> .
Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome
Management of dyslexia
Treatment of bipolar disorder
Management of borderline personality disorder
Screen for child anxiety related disorders
Sex differences in autism
Conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorders
Causes and origins of Tourette syndrome