Common Complications * Hemolytic crisis, with more pronounced jaundice due to accelerated hemolysis (may be precipitated by infection). * Aplastic crisis with dramatic fall in hemoglobin level and (reticulocyte count)-decompensation, usually due to maturation arrest and often associated with megaloblastic changes; may be precipitated by infection, such as influenza, notably with parvovirus B19. * Folate deficiency caused by increased bone marrow requirement. * Pigmented gallstones occur in approximately half of untreated patients. Increased hemolysis of red blood cells leads to increased bilirubin levels, because bilirubin is a breakdown product of heme. The high levels of bilirubin must be excreted into the bile by the liver, which may cause the formation of a pigmented gallstone, which is composed of calcium bilirubinate. Since these stones contain high levels of calcium carbonates and phosphate, they are radiopaque and are visible on x-ray. * Hyperglycemia with concomitant low hemoglobin A1C levels. * Hemoglobin A1C (glycated hemoglobin) is a test for determining the average blood glucose levels over an extended period of time, and is often used to evaluate glucose control in diabetics. The hemoglobin A1C levels are abnormally low because the life span of the red blood cells is decreased - providing less time for the non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin. Thus, even with high overall blood sugar, the A1C will be lower than expected. * Iron overload. * Leg ulcer. * Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). * Cardiovascular disease.
Hereditary spherocytosis
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Hereditary elliptocytosis
Congenital hemolytic anemia
Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Alpha-thalassemia