L.<unk>  is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It is catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and expresses a beta hemolysin, which causes destruction of red blood cells. This bacterium exhibits characteristic tumbling motility when viewed with light microscopy. Although L.<unk>  is actively motile by means of peritrichous flagella at room temperature (20−25 °C), the organism does not synthesize flagella at body temperatures (37 °C). The genus<unk>  belongs to the class Bacilli and the order Bacillales, which also includes Bacillus and Staphylococcus.<unk>  currently contains 10 species: L. fleischmannii, L. grayi, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. marthii, L.<unk> , L. rocourtiae, L. seeligeri, L. weihenstephanensis , and L. welshimeri. L. denitrificans, previously thought to be part of the genus<unk> , was reclassified into the new genus Jonesia. Both L. ivanovii and L.<unk>  are pathogenic in mice, but only L.<unk>  is consistently associated with human illness. The 13 serotypes of L.<unk>  can cause disease, but more than 90% of human isolates belong to only three serotypes: 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b. L.<unk>  serotype 4b strains are responsible for 33 to 35% of sporadic human cases worldwide and for all major foodborne outbreaks in Europe and North America since the 1980s.
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus cereus
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Salmonella
Vibrio vulnificus
Vibrio cholerae
Yersinia pestis
Campylobacter upsaliensis