The cerebellum is the area of the brain that contributes to coordination and motor processes and is anatomically inferior to the cerebrum. Sensorimotor integration is the brain's way of integrating the information received from the sensory (or proprioceptive) neurons from the body, including any visual information. To be more specific, information needed to perform a motor task comes from retinal information pertaining to the eyes' position and has to be translated into spatial information. Sensorimotor integration is crucial for performing any motor task and takes place in the post parietal cortex. After the visual information has been translated into spatial information, the cerebellum must use this information to perform the motor task. If there is damage to any pathways that connect the pathways,<unk>  may result. Motor Motor<unk>  is the customary term used when a person refers to<unk> .<unk>  of the extremities caused by hemispheric syndromes is manifested in multiple ways: dysrhythmic tapping of hands and feet and dysdiadochokinesis, which is the impairment of alternating movements. Damage to the cerebellum makes a person slow to orient their extremities in space. Motor control as a learning process Recent research has also shed light upon a specific process that if interrupted, may be the cause of ataxia and<unk> . According to sources cited in this article, motor control is a learning process that occurs in the synapses of Purkinje dendrites. There have been varying theories as to the makeup of the cerebellum, which controls this process. Some predicted that the cerebellum was an array of adjustable pattern generators (APGs), each of which generate a "burst command" with varying intensity and duration. Other models, which apply mostly in robotic applications, propose that the cerebellum acquires an "inverse model of the motor apparatus". More recent research in electrophysiology has shown modular structures in the spinal cord known as "motor primitives". Based on the APG model, modules of APG are the features that control motor learning. The entire process is a positive feedback loop. Inhibitory input is transmitted and received from various components of the cortex, including the cerebellar nucleus, a motor cortical cell and Purkinje cells. Purkinje cells send the inhibitive information by obtaining learning information from parallel fibers of granule cells. This model of APGs is useful in that it effectively describes the motor learning process. Motor primitives are another proposed module of motor learning. This information was found by electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord in rats and frogs. Upon the stimulation, researchers found that motor primitives are found in the spinal cord and use patterns of muscle activation to generate a specific motor output. Different movements are learned from different levels of activation. These findings led researchers to believe that these same motor primitives could be found in the cerebellum. These two different models combined show that it is possible that motor primitives are in the cerebellum, because, "a set of parallel arrays of APG can drive each motor primitive module in the spinal cord." The authors have generated a model of adjustable primitive pattern generator (APPG), which is basically a group of parallel APGs summed together. The APPG model is a vector sum of all the inputs of the APG, which are units of position, velocity and time. Granule cells send information from the spinal cord and the motor cortex which in turn translates the information in a process called state mapping. The final model of the APPG becomes linear upon the vector summation of the information from the neurons and muscles. This model is consistent with the "virtual trajectory hypothesis" which states that the desired trajectory is sent to the spinal cord as a motor command. Saccadic Saccades are the very quick, simultaneous movements made by the eye to receive visual information and shift the line of vision from one position to another. A person depends profoundly on the ability of the accuracy of these movements. The information is received from the retina, is translated into spatial information and is then transferred to motor centers for motor response. A person with saccadic<unk>  will constantly produce abnormal eye movements including microsaccades, ocular flutter, and square wave jerks even when the eye is at rest. During eye movements hypometric and hypermetric saccades will occur and interruption and slowing of normal saccadic movement is common.
Dysmetria
Diplophonia
Binocular dysphoria
Ideasthesia
Dysarthria
Dyslexia
Orthophoria
Dysacusis