Since the discovery of the anti-MOG specificity against multiple sclerosis diagnosis it is considered that<unk>  is one of the possible clinical causes of anti-MOG associated<unk>  About how the anti-MOG antibodies appear in the patients serum there are several theories: * A preceding antigenic challenge can be identified in approximately two-thirds of people. Some viral infections thought to induce<unk>  include influenza virus, dengue, enterovirus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster, Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis A, coxsackievirus and COVID-19. Bacterial infections include Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira, and beta-hemolytic Streptococci. * Exposure to vaccines: The only vaccine proven related to<unk>  is the Semple form of the rabies vaccine, but hepatitis B, pertussis, diphtheria, measles, mumps, rubella, pneumococcus, varicella, influenza, Japanese encephalitis, and polio vaccines have all been implicated. The majority of the studies that correlate vaccination with<unk>  onset use small samples or case studies. Large scale epidemiological studies (e.g., of MMR vaccine or smallpox vaccine) do not show increased risk of<unk>  following vaccination. An upper bound for the risk of<unk>  from measles vaccination, if it exists, can be estimated to be 10 per million, which is far lower than the risk of developing<unk>  from an actual measles infection, which is about 1 per 1,000 cases. For a rubella infection, the risk is 1 per 5,000 cases. Some early vaccines, later shown to have been contaminated with host animal CNS tissue, had<unk>  incident rates as high as 1 in 600. * In rare cases,<unk>  seems to follow from organ transplantation.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Acute flaccid myelitis
Viliuisk encephalomyelitis
Saint Louis encephalitis
Powassan encephalitis
La Crosse encephalitis
Eastern equine encephalitis
Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis