The treatment of<unk>  depends on the cause and can be medical or surgical. However, if bowel has become necrotic, the only treatment is surgical removal of the dead segments of bowel. In non-occlusive disease, where there is no blockage of the arteries supplying the bowel, the treatment is medical rather than surgical. People are admitted to the hospital for resuscitation with intravenous fluids, careful monitoring of laboratory tests, and optimization of their cardiovascular function. NG tube decompression and heparin anticoagulation may also be used to limit stress on the bowel and optimize perfusion, respectively. Surgical revascularisation remains the treatment of choice for<unk>  related to an occlusion of the vessels supplying the bowel, but thrombolytic medical treatment and vascular interventional radiological techniques have a growing role. If the<unk>  has progressed to the point that the affected<unk>  segments are gangrenous, a bowel resection of those segments is called for. Often, obviously dead segments are removed at the first operation, and a second-look operation is planned to assess segments that are borderline that may be savable after revascularization. Methods for revascularization * Open surgical thrombectomy *<unk>  bypass * Trans-femoral antegrade<unk>  angioplasty and stenting * Open retrograde<unk>  angioplasty stenting * Trans-catheter thrombolysis
Intestinal ischemia
Bowel obstruction
Bowel infarction
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction
Splenic infarction
Short bowel syndrome
Gallstone ileus
Vesicointestinal fistula