Detoxification Depending on the severity of<unk> , and the given substance, early treatment of acute withdrawal may include medical detoxification. Of note, acute withdrawal from heavy alcohol<unk>  should be done under medical supervision to prevent a potentially deadly withdrawal syndrome known as delirium tremens. See also Alcohol detoxification. Therapy Therapists often classify people with chemical dependencies as either interested or not interested in changing. About 11% of Americans with<unk>  seek treatment, and 40–60% of those people relapse within a year. Treatments usually involve planning for specific ways to avoid the addictive stimulus, and therapeutic interventions intended to help a client learn healthier ways to find satisfaction. Clinical leaders in recent years have attempted to tailor intervention approaches to specific influences that affect addictive behavior, using therapeutic interviews in an effort to discover factors that led a person to embrace unhealthy, addictive sources of pleasure or relief from pain. Treatments Behavioral pattern Intervention Goals Low self-esteem, anxiety, verbal hostility Relationship therapy, client centered approach Increase self-esteem, reduce hostility and anxiety Defective personal constructs, ignorance of interpersonal means Cognitive restructuring including directive and group therapies Insight Focal anxiety such as fear of crowds Desensitization Change response to same cue Undesirable behaviors, lacking appropriate behaviors Aversive conditioning, operant conditioning, counter conditioning Eliminate or replace behavior Lack of information Provide information Have client act on information Difficult social circumstances Organizational intervention, environmental manipulation, family counseling Remove cause of social difficulty Poor social performance, rigid interpersonal behavior Sensitivity training, communication training, group therapy Increase interpersonal repertoire, desensitization to group functioning Grossly bizarre behavior Medical referral Protect from society, prepare for further treatment Adapted from: Essentials of Clinical Dependency Counseling, Aspen Publishers From the applied behavior analysis literature and the behavioral psychology literature, several evidence-based intervention programs have emerged, such as behavioral marital therapy, community reinforcement approach, cue exposure therapy, and contingency management strategies. In addition, the same author suggests that social skills training adjunctive to inpatient treatment of alcohol dependence is probably efficacious. Medication Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) refers to the combination of behavioral interventions and medications to treat<unk> s. Certain medications can be<unk> ful in treating severe<unk> s. In the United States five medications are approved to treat alcohol and opioid<unk>  disorders. There are no approved medications for cocaine, methamphetamine, or other<unk> s as of 2002. Medications, such as methadone and disulfiram, can be<unk> d as part of broader treatment plans to help a patient function comfortably without illicit opioids or alcohol. Medications can be<unk> d in treatment to lessen withdrawal symptoms. Evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of MAT at reducing illicit drug<unk>  and overdose deaths, improving retention in treatment, and reducing HIV transmission.
Substance use disorder
Anorexia nervosa
Substance dependence
Borderline personality disorder
Cannabis use disorder
Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
Substance Abuse
Cyclothymia