<unk>  should be suspected in patients with large<unk>  burden who develop acute kidney failure along with hyperuricemia (> 15 mg/dL) or hyperphosphatemia (> 8 mg/dL). (Most other acute kidney failure occurs with uric acid 1.0, compared to a value of 0.6–0.7 for most other causes of acute kidney failure. Cairo-Bishop definition In 2004, Cairo and Bishop defined a classification system for<unk> . * Laboratory<unk> : abnormality in two or more of the following, occurring within three days before or seven days after chemotherapy. * uric acid > 8 mg/dL or 25% increase * potassium > 6 meq/L or 25% increase * phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL or 25% increase * calcium < 7 mg/dL or 25% decrease * Clinical<unk> : laboratory<unk>  plus one or more of the following: * increased serum creatinine (1.5 times upper limit of normal) * cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death * seizure A grading scale (0–5) is used depending on the presence of lab<unk> , serum creatinine, arrhythmias, or seizures. Howard definition In 2011, Howard proposed a refinement of the standard Cairo-Bishop definition of<unk>  accounting for 2 limitations: * Two or more electrolyte laboratory abnormalities must be present simultaneously to be considered related to<unk> . In fact, some patients may present with one abnormality, but later another one may develop that is unrelated to the<unk>  (e.g., hypocalcemia associated with sepsis). * A 25% change from baseline should not be considered a criterion since such increases are rarely clinically important unless the value is already outside the normal range. Moreover, any symptomatic hypocalcemia should constitute clinical<unk> .
Tumor lysis syndrome
Distributive shock
Sepsis
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Cryptic shock
Septic shock
Vasodilatory shock
Hypovolemic shock