The treatment for hypotension depends on its cause. Chronic hypotension rarely exists as more than a symptom. Asymptomatic hypotension in healthy people usually does not require treatment. Adding electrolytes to a diet can relieve symptoms of mild hypotension. A morning dose of caffeine can also be effective. In mild cases, where the patient is still responsive, laying the person in dorsal decubitus (lying on the back) position and lifting the legs increases venous return, thus making more blood available to critical organs in the chest and head. The Trendelenburg position, though used historically, is no longer recommended. Hypotensive shock treatment always follows the first four following steps. Outcomes, in terms of mortality, are directly linked to the speed that hypotension is corrected. Still-debated methods are in parentheses, as are benchmarks for evaluating progress in correcting hypotension. A study on septic shock provided the delineation of these general principles. However, since it focuses on hypotension due to infection, it is not applicable to all forms of severe hypotension. # Volume resuscitation (usually with crystalloid or blood products) # Blood pressure support with a vasopressor (all seem equivalent with respect to risk of death, with norepinephrine possibly better than dopamine). Trying to achieve a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of greater than 70 mmHg does not appear to result in better outcomes than trying to achieve a MAP of greater than 65 mm Hg in adults. # Ensure adequate tissue perfusion (maintain SvO2 >70 with use of blood or dobutamine) # Address the underlying problem (i.e., antibiotic for infection, stent or CABG (coronary artery bypass graft surgery) for infarction, steroids for adrenal insufficiency, etc...) The best way to determine if a person will benefit from fluids is by doing a passive leg raise followed by measuring the output from the heart. Medication Chronic hypotension sometimes requires the use of medications. Some medications that are commonly used include Fludrocortisone, Erythropoietin, and Sympathomimetics such as Midodrine and Noradrenaline and precursor (L-DOPS). * Fludrocortisone is the first-line therapy (in the absence of heart failure) for patients with chronic hypotension or resistant orthostatic hypotension. It works by increasing the intravascular volume. * Midodrine is a therapy used for severe orthostatic hypotension, and works by increasing peripheral vascular resistance. * Noradrenaline and its precursor L-DOPS are used for primary autonomic dysfunction by increasing vascular tone. * Erythropoietin is given to patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and it works through increasing vascular volume and viscosity.
symptoms of Air embolism
symptom of Air embolism
symptom of Pulmonary embolism
symptoms of Pulmonary embolism
symptom of Fat embolism syndrome
symptoms of Fat embolism syndrome
symptom of Pulmonary heart disease
symptom of Myocardial infarction