The<unk>  describes an addiction as a disease with biological, neurological, genetic, and environmental sources of origin. The traditional medical<unk>  of disease requires only that an abnormal condition be present that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the individual afflicted. The contemporary medical<unk>  attributes addiction, in part, to changes in the brain's mesolimbic pathway. The medical<unk>  also takes into consideration that such disease may be the result of other biological, psychological or sociological entities despite an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of these entities. The common biomolecular mechanisms underlying all forms of addiction – CREB and ΔFosB – were reviewed by Eric J. Nestler in a 2013 review. Genetic factors and mental disorders can contribute to the severity of drug addiction. Approximately fifty percent of the chance a person will develop an addiction can be attributed to genetic factors.
Disease model of addiction
Life-process model of addiction
Heroic measure
Animal model of schizophrenia
Cognitive neuroscience of dreams
Disease theory of alcoholism
Dyslexia research
Epidemiology of suicide