A general representation of the method used to produce<unk> es. A<unk>  <unk>  or<unk>  is an<unk>  made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent<unk> es derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.<unk> es can have monovalent affinity, binding only to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the<unk> . In contrast, polyclonal<unk> es bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different<unk> -secreting plasma cell lineages. Bispecific<unk> es can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one<unk>  to two epitopes. It is possible to produce<unk> es that specifically bind to virtually any suitable substance; they can then serve to detect or purify it. This capability has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicine.<unk> es are being used on a clinical level for both the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases. The administration of<unk> es was authorized by several countries for the treatment of moderate COVID-19 symptoms.
Monoclonal antibody
Immunoconjugate
Pharmacological chaperone
Immunotoxin
Small molecule drug conjugate
Protease inhibitor 
Antimetabolite
Polyclonal antibodies