Low osmolar contrast medium is used in this procedure with concentration of 150 mg/ml with 20 to 60 ml volume. Those who undergoes the procedure needs to be fasted for four hours before the procedure. Besides, antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin 500 mg to 750 mg can be given as antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infection during the procedure. Sedation (to reduce irritability and agitation of the subject during procedure) with analgesia (painkillers) and vital signs monitoring should be set up. Before the procedure, bedside ultrasound is done to confirm the position of the dilated bile ducts in the liver. The puncture site is then marked. Bile ducts of the right liver is located in the intercostal spaces between anterior and mid axillary lines. Meanwhile, the bile ducts in the left lobe of the liver is located to the left side of the xiphisternum on the epigastric region. The number of attempts made to pass Chiba needle into the biliary tract does not affect the rate of complication but the likehood of success is related to the degree of dilatation of the biliary tract (larger dilatation means needle is easier to find its way into the biliary tract) and total number of attempts made. Excessive contrast media injection into the liver should be avoided. When there is excessive injection into the liver, lymphatics within the liver will be opacified with contrast medium. Injection of the contrast medium into an artery or vein will cause the contrast to dispersed quickly due to blood flow.<unk>  during a biliary drainage intervention is called perioperative or primary<unk> , and when performed later in the same drain it is called secondary<unk> .
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Intravenous cholangiography
Splenic aspiration
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
Liver biopsy
Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Cholecystography