The<unk>  was a public health<unk>  that started in 2014 and lasted until 2019, after the drinking<unk>  for the city of<unk> , Michigan was contaminated with lead and possibly Legionella bacteria. In April 2014, during a budget<unk> ,<unk>  changed its<unk>  source from treated Detroit<unk>  and Sewerage Department<unk>  (sourced from Lake Huron and the Detroit River) to the<unk>  River. Residents complained about the taste, smell, and appearance of the<unk> . Officials failed to apply corrosion inhibitors to the<unk> , which resulted in lead from aging pipes leaching into the<unk>  supply, exposing around 100,000 residents to elevated lead levels. A pair of scientific studies confirmed that lead contamination was present in the<unk>  supply. The city switched back to the Detroit<unk>  system on October 16, 2015. It<unk>  signed a 30-year contract with the new Great Lakes<unk>  Authority (GLWA) on November 22, 2017. On January 5, 2016, Michigan Governor Rick Snyder declared a state of emergency in Genesee County, of which<unk>  is the major population center. Shortly thereafter, President Barack Obama declared a federal state of emergency, authorizing additional help from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Department of Homeland Security. Between 6,000 and 12,000 children were exposed to drinking<unk>  with high levels of lead. Children are particularly at risk from the long-term effects of lead poisoning, which can include a reduction in intellectual functioning and IQ, and an increased chance of Alzheimer's disease. The<unk>  supply change was considered a possible cause of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in the county that killed 12 people and affected another 87, but the original source of the bacteria was never found. Four government officials—one from the city of<unk> , two from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), and one from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)—resigned over the mishandling of the<unk> , and one additional MDEQ staff member was fired. In January 2021, former Michigan Governor Rick Snyder and eight other officials were charged with 34 felony counts and seven misdemeanors—41 counts in all—for their role in the<unk> . Two officials were charged with involuntary manslaughter. Fifteen criminal cases have been filed against local and state officials, but only one minor conviction has been obtained, and all other charges have been dismissed or dropped. On August 20, 2020, the victims of the<unk><unk>  were awarded a combined settlement of $600 million, with 80% going to the families of children affected by the<unk> . By November, the settlement grew to $641 million. An extensive lead service pipe replacement effort has been underway since 2016, with innovative techniques such as machine learning used to predict the number and location of lead pipes. In early 2017, some officials asserted that the<unk>  quality had returned to acceptable levels, but in January 2019, residents and officials expressed doubt about the cleanliness of the<unk> . There were an estimated 2,500 lead service pipes still in place as of April 2019. As of December 8, 2020, fewer than 500 service lines still needed to be inspected. As of July 16, 2021, 27,133<unk>  service lines had been excavated and inspected, resulting in the replacement of 10,059 lead pipes.
Flint water crisis
Newark water crisis
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Water intoxication
Serkal syndrome
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome
Hyperosmolar syndrome