<unk>  is a very rare form of congenital heart disease that affects one of the chambers of the heart (commonly the atria) as well as a valve (commonly the mitral valve). It is commonly known as both congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired mitral stenosis (MS). Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. Mitral stenosis refers to mitral valve leaflets (or valve flaps) sticking to each other making the opening for blood to pass from the atrium to the ventricles very small. With the valve being so small, blood has difficulty passing from the left atrium into the left ventricle. Septal defects that may occur with<unk>  include: Ostium primum atrial septal defect or ostium secundum which is more prevalent.<unk>  affects females more often than males. It can affect children or adults; the person can either be born with the disorder or develop it later in life. The syndrome was first described by René<unk>  (1884–1968) of Paris in 1916. To correct<unk> , surgery is often done. There are several types of surgeries depending on the cause of<unk>  (ASD Primum or ASD Ostium Secundum with Mitral Stenosis): # Suturing (stitching) or placing a patch of tissue (similar to skin grafting) over the hole to completely close the opening # Reconstructing of the mitral and tricuspid valve while patching any holes in the heart # Device closure of ASD (e.g. Amplatzer umbrella or CardioSEAL to seal the hole # Percutaneous transcatheter therapy # Transcatheter therapy of balloon valvuloplasty to correct MS
Lutembacher's syndrome
Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome
Pelger–Huët anomaly
Keppen–Lubinsky syndrome
Binder's syndrome
Klüver–Bucy syndrome
Wildervanck syndrome
Fechtner syndrome