<unk>  is used for managing moderate to severe acute or chronic pain when other treatments are not sufficient. It may improve quality of life in certain types of pain. It is unclear if use in chronic pain results in improved quality of life or ongoing pain relief.<unk>  is available as a controlled-release tablet, intended to be taken every 12 hours. A July 1996 study independent of Purdue Pharma, the drug's originator, found the controlled-release formulation had a variable duration of action ranging from 10 to 12 hours. A 2006 review found that controlled-release<unk>  is comparable to immediate-release<unk> , morphine, and hydromorphone in management of moderate to severe cancer pain, with fewer side effects than morphine. The author concluded that the controlled-release form is a valid alternative to morphine and a first-line treatment for cancer pain. In 2014, the European Association for Palliative Care recommended<unk>  by mouth as a second-line alternative to morphine by mouth for cancer pain. In the U.S., extended-release<unk>  is approved for use in children as young as eleven years old. The approved uses are for the relief of cancer pain, trauma pain, or pain due to major surgery, in children already treated with opioids, who can tolerate at least 20 mg per day of<unk> ; this provides an alternative to Duragesic (fentanyl), the only other extended-release opioid analgesic approved for children. Available forms<unk>  is available in a variety of formulations for by mouth or under the tongue: * Immediate-release<unk>  (OxyFast, OxyIR, OxyNorm, Roxicodone) * Controlled-release<unk>  (OxyContin, Xtampza ER) – 10-12 hour duration *<unk>  tamper-resistant (OxyContin OTR) * Immediate-release<unk>  with paracetamol (acetaminophen) (Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet, Tylox) * Immediate-release<unk>  with aspirin (Endodan, Oxycodan, Percodan, Roxiprin) * Immediate-release<unk>  with ibuprofen (Combunox) * Controlled-release<unk>  with naloxone (Targin, Targiniq, Targinact) – 10-12 hour duration * Controlled-release<unk>  with naltrexone (Troxyca) – 10-12 hour duration A liquid solution containing 10mg of<unk>  per 1ml In the US,<unk>  is only approved for use by mouth, available as tablets and oral solutions. Parenteral formulations of<unk>  (brand name OxyNorm) are also available in other parts of the world, however, and are widely used in the European Union. In Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom,<unk>  is approved for intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) use. When first introduced in Germany during World War I, both IV and IM administrations of<unk>  were commonly used for postoperative pain management of Central Powers soldiers.
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Codeine
Morphine
Noroxycodone
Norhydrocodone
Tramadol
Piperoxan