<unk> physiology are distinctions of physiological characteristics associated with either male or female<unk> . These can be of several types, including direct and indirect, direct being the direct result of<unk>  prescribed by the Y-chromosome (due to the SRY gene), and indirect being characteristics influenced indirectly (e.g., hormonally) by the Y-chromosome.<unk> ual dimorphism is a term for the genotypic and phenotypic<unk>  between males and females of the same species. Through the process of meiosis and fertilization (with rare exceptions), each individual is created with zero or one Y-chromosome. The complementary result for the X-chromosome follows, either a double or a single X. Therefore, direct<unk><unk>  are usually binary in expression, although the deviations in more complex biological processes produce a variety of exceptions. Indirect<unk><unk>  are general<unk>  as quantified by empirical data and statistical analysis. Most differing characteristics will conform to a bell-curve (i.e., normal) distribution which can be broadly described by the mean (peak distribution) and standard deviation (indicator of size of range). Often only the mean or mean<unk> between<unk> es is given. This may or may not preclude overlap in distributions. The most obvious<unk>  between males and females include all the features related to reproductive roles, notably the endocrine (hormonal) systems and their physiological and behavioral effects, including gonadal differentiation, internal and external genital and breast differentiation, and differentiation of muscle mass, height, and hair distribution. There are also<unk>  in the structure of specific areas of the brain. For example, on average, the SDN (INAH3 in<unk>  has been repeatedly found to be considerably larger in males than in females.
Sex differences in humans
risks of Coronary artery disease
risks of Hypertriglyceridemia
risks of Myocardial infarction
risks of Appendix cancer
risks of Somatization disorder
Sleep problems in women
risks of Obsessive–compulsive disorder