Athlete's<unk>  is usually an incidental finding during a routine screening or during tests for other medical issues. An enlarged<unk>  can be seen at echocardiography or sometimes on a chest X-ray. Similarities at presentation between athlete's<unk>  and clinically relevant cardiac problems may prompt electrocardiography (ECG) and exercise cardiac stress tests. The ECG can detect sinus bradycardia, a resting<unk>  rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute. This is often accompanied by sinus arrhythmia. The pulse of a person with athlete's<unk>  can sometimes be irregular while at rest, but usually returns to normal after exercise begins. Regarding differential diagnosis, left ventricular hypertrophy is usually indistinguishable from athlete's<unk>  and at ECG, but can usually be discounted in the young and fit. It is important to distinguish between athlete's<unk>  and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a serious cardiovascular disease characterised by thickening of the<unk> 's walls, which produces a similar ECG pattern at rest. This genetic disorder is found in one of 500 Americans and is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes (although only about 8% of all cases of sudden death are actually exercise-related). The following table shows some key distinguishing characteristics of the two conditions. Athlete's<unk>  should not be confused with bradycardia that occurs secondary to Relative energy deficiency in sport or Anorexia nervosa, which involve slowing of metabolic rate and sometimes shrinkage of the<unk>  muscle and reduced<unk>  volume. Feature<unk>  Cardiomyopathy Left ventricular hypertrophy 15 mm Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter 70 mm Diastolic function Normal (E/A ratio > 1) Abnormal (E/A ratio 2) and its end diastolic diameter (not much less 60 mm) of the left ventricle. * X-ray examination of the chest may show increased<unk>  size (mimicking other possible causes of enlargement). * Cardiac MRI - In athlete's<unk> , there is balanced atrioventricular remodeling, reduced thickening of the<unk>  after detraining, no late gadolinium enhancement, low to normal T1 signal, and normal extracellular volume.
Athletic heart syndrome
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Bilharzial cor pulmonale
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Constrictive pericarditis
Wooden chest syndrome
Aicardi syndrome
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome