Essential features of a<unk>  4 (BSL-4) laboratory A<unk>  (BSL), or pathogen/protection<unk> , is a set of biocontainment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed laboratory facility. The<unk> s of containment range from the lowest<unk>  1 (BSL-1) to the highest at<unk>  4 (BSL-4). In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have specified these<unk> s. In the European Union, the same<unk> s are defined in a directive. In Canada the four<unk> s are known as Containment<unk> s. Facilities with these designations are also sometimes given as P1 through P4 (for pathogen or protection<unk> , as in the term P3 laboratory. At the lowest<unk>  of<unk> , precautions may consist of regular hand-washing and minimal protective equipment. At higher<unk> s, precautions may include airflow systems, multiple containment rooms, sealed containers, positive pressure personnel suits, established protocols for all procedures, extensive personnel training, and high<unk> s of security to control access to the facility. Health Canada reports that world-wide until 1999 there were recorded over 5,000 cases of accidental laboratory infections and 190 deaths.
Biosafety level
Candidate of Medicine
Transmission risks and rates
Diagnosis-related group
Safety pharmacology
Outline of public health
Variant of concern
Exposure hierarchy