<unk>  (IOS), also known as cell<unk> , is a specific type of autologous<unk>  transfusion. Specifically IOS is a medical procedure involving recovering<unk>  lost during surgery and re-infusing it into the patient. It is a major form of autotransfusion. It has been used for many years and gained greater attention over time as risks associated with allogenic (separate-donor)<unk>  transfusion have seen greater publicity and become more fully appreciated. Several medical devices have been developed to assist in<unk> ng the patient's own<unk>  in the perioperative setting. The procedure is frequently used in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery, during which<unk>  usage has traditionally been high. A greater effort to avoid adverse events due to transfusion has also increased the emphasis on<unk>  conservation (see<unk> less surgery).
Intraoperative blood salvage
Minimized extracorporeal circulation
Procedural sedation and analgesia
Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion
Emergency bleeding control
Intra-aortic balloon pump
Wound bed preparation
Aortic cross-clamp