<unk><unk>  and its consequences in mitosis<unk>  refers to the state of a cell whose genome is exposed to various<unk> es. The events that contribute to<unk><unk>  occur during DNA<unk> , and can result in a stalled<unk>  fork. There are many events that contribute to<unk><unk> , including: * Misincorporation of ribonucleotides * Unusual DNA structures * Conflicts between<unk>  and transcription * Insufficiency of essential<unk>  factors * Common fragile sites * Overexpression or constitutive activation of oncogenes * Chromatin inaccessibility ATM and ATR are proteins that help to alleviate<unk><unk> . Specifically, they are kinases that are recruited and activated by DNA damage. The stalled<unk>  fork can collapse if these regulatory proteins fail to stabilize it. When this occurs, reassembly of the fork is initiated in order to repair the damaged DNA end.
DNA replication stress
Indirect DNA damage
DNA fragmentation
Direct DNA damage
DNA condensation
DNA laddering
Chromosome instability
Copy number variation