<unk>  (bronchotomy or laryngotomy) is the medical procedure ensuring an open airway between a patient’s lungs and the outside world.<unk>  methods for airway management rely on making a<unk>  incision below the glottis in order to achieve direct access to the lower respiratory tract, bypassing the upper respiratory tract.<unk>  is often performed as a last resort in cases where orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation are impossible or contraindicated.<unk>  is also used when a person will need a mechanical ventilator for a longer period. The<unk>  creation of a permanent opening in the larynx is referred to as laryngostomy.<unk>  is a primary consideration in anaesthesia, emergency medicine and intensive care medicine.<unk>  methods for airway management include cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy
Surgical airway management
Advanced airway management
Basic airway management
Laryngotracheal reconstruction
Laryngeal mask airway
Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation
Blind insertion airway device
Artificial ventilation