Diabetes<unk>  can be characteristic of diabetes mellitus, often as an initial symptom. It is observed in cases of poorly controlled diabetes, which is sometimes the result of low patient adherence to anti-diabetic medication. Diabetes insipidus ("tasteless" diabetes, as opposed to diabetes mellitus) can also cause<unk> . Other physiological causes It can also be caused by a change in the osmolality of the extracellular fluids of the body, hypokalemia, decreased blood volume (as occurs during major hemorrhage), and other conditions that create a water deficit. This is usually a result of osmotic diuresis.<unk>  is also a symptom of anticholinergic poisoning. Zinc is also known to reduce symptoms of<unk>  by causing the body to absorb fluids more efficiently (reduction of diarrhea, induces constipation) and it causes the body to retain more sodium; thus a zinc deficiency can be a possible cause. The combination of<unk>  and (nocturnal) polyuria is also seen in (primary) hyperaldosteronism (which often goes with hypokalemia). Antipsychotics can have side effects such as dry mouth that may make the patient feel thirsty. Primary<unk>  Primary<unk>  describes excessive thirst and water intake caused in the absence of physiological stimuli to drink. This includes both psychogenic primary<unk>  and non-psychogenic primary<unk> , such as in patients with autoimmune chronic hepatitis with severely elevated globulin levels. Psychogenic<unk>  is an excessive water intake seen in some patients with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, and/or the developmentally disabled. It should be taken very seriously, as the amount of water ingested exceeds the amount that can be excreted by the kidneys, and can on rare occasions be life-threatening as the body's serum sodium level is diluted to an extent that seizures and cardiac arrest can occur. While psychogenic<unk>  is generally not found outside the population of serious mental disorders, there is some anecdotal evidence of a milder form (typically called 'habit<unk> ' or 'habit drinking') that can be found in the absence of psychosis or other mental conditions. The excessive levels of fluid intake may result in a false diagnosis of diabetes insipidus, since the chronic ingestion of excessive water can produce diagnostic results that closely mimic those of mild diabetes insipidus. As discussed in the entry on diabetes insipidus, "Habit drinking (in its severest form termed psychogenic<unk>  is the most common imitator of diabetes insipidus at all ages. While many adult cases in the medical literature are associated with mental disorders, most patients with habit<unk>  have no other detectable disease. The distinction is made during the water deprivation test, as some degree of urinary concentration above isosmolar is usually obtained before the patient becomes dehydrated." However, prior to a water deprivation test, consideration should be given to a psychiatric consult to see whether it is possible to rule out psychogenic<unk>  or habit<unk> .
Polydipsia
Nocturia
Polyuria
Adipsia
Dysuria
Hypersthenuria
Hyperchlorhydria
Hyperosmia