Acute<unk>  Nearly all patients with<unk>  A infections recover completely without complications if they were healthy prior to the infection. Similarly, acute<unk>  B infections have a favorable course towards complete recovery in 95–99% of patients. However, certain factors may portend a poorer outcome, such as co-morbid medical conditions or initial presenting symptoms of ascites, edema, or encephalopathy. Overall, the mortality rate for acute<unk>  is low: ~0.1% in total for cases of<unk>  A and B, but rates can be higher in certain populations (super infection with both<unk>  B and D, pregnant women, etc.). In contrast to<unk>  A & B,<unk>  C carries a much higher risk of progressing to chronic<unk> , approaching 85–90%. Cirrhosis has been reported to develop in 20–50% of patients with chronic<unk>  C. Other rare complications of acute<unk>  include pancreatitis, aplastic anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and myocarditis. Fulminant<unk>  Despite the relatively benign course of most viral cases of<unk> , fulminant<unk>  represents a rare but feared complication. Fulminant<unk>  most commonly occurs in<unk>  B, D, and E. About 1–2% of cases of<unk>  E can lead to fulminant<unk> , but pregnant women are particularly susceptible, occurring in up to 20% of cases. Mortality rates in cases of fulminant<unk>  rise over 80%, but those patients that do survive often make a complete recovery. Liver transplantation can be life-saving in patients with fulminant liver failure.<unk>  D infections can transform benign cases of<unk>  B into severe, progressive<unk> , a phenomenon known as superinfection. Chronic<unk>  Acute<unk>  B infections become less likely to progress to chronic forms as the age of the patient increases, with rates of progression approaching 90% in vertically transmitted cases of infants compared to 1% risk in young adults. Overall, the five-year survival rate for chronic<unk>  B ranges from 97% in mild cases to 55% in severe cases with cirrhosis. Most patients who acquire<unk>  D at the same time as<unk>  B (co-infection) recover without developing a chronic infection; however, in people with<unk>  B who later acquire<unk>  D (superinfection), chronic infection is much more common at 80-90%, and liver disease progression is accelerated. Chronic<unk>  C progresses towards cirrhosis, with estimates of cirrhosis prevalence of 16% at 20 years after infection. While the major causes of mortality in<unk>  C is end stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma is an important additional long term complication and cause of death in chronic<unk> . Rates of mortality increase with progression of the underlying liver disease. Series of patients with compensated cirrhosis due to HCV have<unk> own 3,5, and 10-year survival rates of 96, 91, and 79% respectively. The 5-year survival rate drops to 50% upon if the cirrhosis becomes decompensated.
Hepatitis
Cholecystitis
Viral hepatitis
Alcoholic hepatitis
Fatty liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease
Cirrhosis
Cholestasis