A<unk>  is a type of dry toilet that treats human waste by a biological process called<unk> . This process leads to the decomposition of organic matter and turns human waste into compost-like material.<unk>  is carried out by microorganisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) under controlled aerobic conditions. Most<unk> s use no water for flushing and are therefore called "dry toilets". In many<unk>  designs, a carbon additive such as sawdust, coconut coir, or peat moss is added after each use. This practice creates air pockets in the human waste to promote aerobic decomposition. This also improves the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and reduces potential odor. Most<unk>  systems rely on mesophilic<unk> . Longer retention time in the<unk>  chamber also facilitates pathogen die-off. The end product can also be moved to a secondary system – usually another<unk>  step – to allow more time for mesophilic<unk>  to further reduce pathogens.<unk> s, together with the secondary<unk>  step, produce a humus-like end product that can be used to enrich soil if local regulations allow this. Some<unk> s have urine diversion systems in the toilet bowl to collect the urine separately and control excess moisture. A vermifilter toilet is a<unk>  with flushing water where earthworms are used to promote decomposition to compost.<unk> s do not require a connection to septic tanks or sewer systems unlike flush toilets. Common applications include national parks, remote holiday cottages, ecotourism resorts, off-grid homes and rural areas in developing countries.
Composting toilet
Dry toilet
Urine-diverting dry toilet
Sitz bath
Automatic soap dispenser
Mustard bath
Hand washing
Tooth polishing