* Elderly or young mothers * Prolonged rupture of membranes * Meconium-stained fluid * Multiple births * Lack of antenatal care * Low birth weight infants * Malpresentation * Augmentation of labour with oxytocin * Antepartum hemorrhage * Severe eclampsia and pre-eclampsia * Antepartum and intrapartum anemia
Perinatal asphyxia
Nuchal cord
Neonatal sepsis
Traumatic asphyxia
Positional asphyxia
Intrauterine hypoxia
Neonatal infection
Apnea of prematurity