Pharmacodynamics Nalbuphine, and hence DNS, acts as a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid modulator, or more specifically as a moderate-efficacy partial agonist or antagonist of the μ-opioid receptor and as a high-efficacy partial agonist of the κ-opioid receptor. Pharmacokinetics The release mechanism of<unk>  (DNS) upon IM injection is as follows: # The injected Naldebain is first forming an oil depot in the muscle # The oil depot gradually dispersed to small droplets in the surrounding tissues # The prodrug DNS diffused out from the surface of oil droplets, and once released, a small portion of the prodrug get hydrolyzed by esterases to release the active ingredient, nalbuphine, in the surrounding tissue cells, while the majority of the prodrug would enter the blood stream through local tissue drainage (e.g., lymph flow) and get hydrolyzed to nalbuphine in the blood.
Dinalbuphine sebacate
Drupanol
Benzyl benzoate
Melitracen
Modafinil sulfone
Entropion
Tavilermide
Olsalazine