Pediatric patients usually present with acute onset of hemolytic anemia with fatigue, exercise intolerance, pallor, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria, preceded by exposure to<unk>  temperature and preceding viral-like illness. This may be complicated by acute renal failure due to nephrotoxic free hemoglobin and tubular obstruction. Although the disease may be fulminant during onset, the acute form generally follows a transient, self-limiting course. Chronic relapsing<unk>  manifests as episodic hemoglobinuria and anemic symptoms, usually milder than the acute form. While the classical syphilitic<unk>  becomes infrequent, paraneoplastic cause with underlying hematological malignancies especially in the elderly should be considered. Hepatosplenomegaly and adenomegaly are not pertinent to<unk> , unless associated with underlying lymphoproliferative disorders. This form remains refractory if the underlying condition is not treated.
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Hereditary spherocytosis
Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Congenital hemolytic anemia
Trimethylaminuria
Hemoglobin Lepore syndrome
Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin