<unk>  barrier Coogee Beach<unk>  barrier floats and jetty A<unk>  barrier (otherwise known as a<unk> -proof enclosure" or "beach enclosure") is seabed-to-surface protective barrier that is placed around a beach to separate people from<unk> s.<unk>  barriers form a fully enclosed swimming area that prevents<unk> s from entering.<unk>  barrier design has evolved from rudimentary fencing materials to netted structures held in place with buoys and anchors. Recent designs have used plastics to increase strength and versatility. When deployed in sheltered areas<unk>  barriers offer complete protection and are seen as a more environmentally friendly option as they largely avoid bycatch. However, barriers are not effective on surf beaches because they usually disintegrate in the swell and so are normally constructed only around sheltered areas such as harbour beaches.<unk>  nets In Australia and South Africa<unk>  nets are used to reduce the risk of<unk> . Since 1936<unk> s nets have been utilised off Sydney beaches.<unk>  nets are currently installed at beaches in New South Wales and Queensland; 83 beaches are meshed in Queensland compared with 51 in New South Wales. Since 1952, nets have been installed at numerous beaches in South Africa by the KwaZulu-Natal<unk> s Board.<unk>  nets do not offer complete protection but work on the principle of "fewer<unk> s, fewer<unk> s". They reduce occurrence via<unk>  mortality. Reducing the local<unk>  populations is believed to reduce the chance of an<unk> . Historical<unk>  figures suggest that the use of<unk>  nets and drumlines does markedly reduce the incidence of<unk>  when implemented on a regular and consistent basis. The downside with<unk>  nets is that they do result in bycatch, including threatened and endangered species. Between September 2017 and April 2018, 403 animals were killed in the nets in New South Wales, including 10 critically endangered grey nurse<unk> s, 7 dolphins, 7 green sea turtles and 14 great white<unk> s. Between 1950 and 2008, 352 tiger<unk> s and 577 great white<unk> s were killed in the nets in New South Wales—also during this period, a total of 15,135 marine animals were killed in the nets, including whales, turtles, rays, dolphins, and dugongs. KwaZulu-Natal's net program, operated by the KwaZulu-Natal<unk> s Board, has killed more than 33,000<unk> s in a 30-year period—during the same 30-year period, 2,211 turtles, 8,448 rays, and 2,310 dolphins were killed in KwaZulu-Natal.<unk>  nets have been criticized by environmentalists, scientists, and conservationists; they say<unk>  nets harm the marine ecosystem. In particular, the current net program in New South Wales has been described as being "extremely destructive" to marine life.<unk> s are important to the ecosystem and killing them harms the ecosystem. Drum lines A drum line is an unmanned aquatic trap used to lure and capture large<unk> s using baited hooks. They are typically deployed near popular swimming beaches with the intention of reducing the number of<unk> s in the vicinity and therefore the probability of<unk> . Drum lines were first deployed to protect users of the marine environment from<unk> s in Queensland, Australia in 1962. During this time, they were just as successful in reducing the frequency of<unk> s as the<unk>  nets. More recently, drumlines have also been used with great success in Recife, Brazil where the number of<unk> s has been shown to have reduced by 97% when the drumlines are deployed. While<unk>  nets and drum lines<unk>  the same purpose, drum lines are more effective at targeting the three<unk> s that are considered most dangerous to swimmers: the bull<unk> , tiger<unk>  and great white<unk> . SMART drumlines can also be utilised to move<unk> s, which greatly reduces mortality of<unk> s and bycatch to less than 2%. Drum lines result in bycatch; for example, in 2015 the following was said about Queensland's<unk>  control" program (which uses drum lines): "Data reveals the ecological carnage of Queensland's<unk>  control regime. In total, more than 8,000 marine species with some level of protection status have been caught by the Queensland<unk>  Control Program, including 719 loggerhead turtles, 442 manta rays and 33 critically endangered hawksbill turtles. More than 84,000 marine animals have been ensnared by drum-lines and<unk>  nets since the program began in 1962 ... Nearly 27,000 marine mammals have been snared. The state's<unk>  control policy has captured over 5,000 turtles, 1,014 dolphins, nearly 700 dugongs and 120 whales." Drum lines have been criticized by environmentalists, conservationists and animal welfare activists—they say drum lines are unethical, non-scientific, and environmentally destructive; they also say drum lines harm the marine ecosystem. Other protection methods Boa Viagem Beach in Recife, Brazil Beach patrols and spotter aircraft are commonly used to protect popular swimming beaches. However aerial patrols have limited effectiveness in reducing<unk> s. Other methods include<unk>  tagging efforts and associated tracking and notification systems, capture and translocation of<unk> s to offshore waters, research into<unk>  feeding and foraging behaviour, public<unk>  threat education programs and encouraging higher risk user groups (surfers, spear-fishers and divers) to use personal<unk>  protection technology.
Shark attack
Heat stroke
Shell shock
Dry Drowning
Lightning strike
Cat bite
Panic attack
Epidemic dropsy