<unk>  consists of fine, highly porous<unk> s that remove fluid by a combination of capillary action and evaporation. Currently, they are mainly used in wound healing, where they absorb wound exudate into their<unk>  structure. Here capillary flow transports the exudate away from the wound surface towards the upper surface of the MPPT layer, where a highly expanded surface area facilitates effective evaporation. The MPPT essentially acts as small micro-pumps, which, due to their small size, are able to access all crevices in the wound surface. The micro-pumping action of the<unk> s appears to disrupt the weaponry used by bacteria and fungi against the immune system. First, the toxins and enzymes released by bacteria and fungi against the immune cells are removed, whereby the immune cells regain their function. Second, the micropumping action creates holes in the surface of biofilm. Biofilm acts as a shield that bacteria and fungi secrete to protect themselves against the immune cells. By creating holes in this shield, the immune cells become able to enter the biofilm layer and selectively remove bacteria and fungi that they do not want to be present. The result is that the immune system is able to remove an infection in a wound or on the skin. MPPT, therefore, functions as passive immunotherapy. It has no antibacterial effects, but it can remove antibiotic-resistant infections and it will not contribute to the creation of new antimicrobial resistance.
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