Cyclists may be trained and assessed by<unk> sts to optimize performance.<unk>  is the<unk>  of physical<unk> . It is one of the allied health professions that involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to<unk> .<unk> sts are the highest qualified<unk>  professionals and utilise education, lifestyle intervention and specific forms of<unk>  to rehabilitate and manage acute and chronic injuries and conditions. Understanding the effect of<unk>  involves studying specific changes in muscular, cardiovascular, and neurohumoral systems that lead to changes in functional capacity and strength due to endurance training or strength training. The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from<unk>  or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by<unk> ".<unk> sts study the effect of<unk>  on pathology, and the mechanisms by which<unk>  can reduce or reverse disease progression.
Exercise physiology
Cardiophysics
HeartScore
Cardiac reserve
Hemodynamics
Circulation Research
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Oxygen saturation 