Two slices of an adrenal gland with a cortical adenoma, from a person with Conn's syndrome The condition is due to: * Bilateral idiopathic (micronodular) adrenal hyperplasia: 66% of cases * Adrenal adenoma (Conn's disease): 33% of cases *<unk>  (unilateral) adrenal hyperplasia: 2% of cases * Aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma: <1% of cases * Familial Hyperaldosteronism (FH) * Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (FH type I): <1% of cases * FH type II (APA or IHA): <2% of cases * Ectopic aldosterone-producing adenoma or carcinoma: < 0.1% of cases Genetics 40% of people with an adrenal aldosterone producing adenoma have somatic gain-of-function mutations in a single gene (KCNJ5). This gene is mutated in inherited cases of early onset<unk>  and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, albeit less frequently. These mutations tend to occur in young women with the adenoma in the cortisol secreting zona fasciculata. Adenomas without this mutation tend to occur in older men with resistant hypertension. Other genes commonly mutated in aldosterone producing adenomas are ATP1A1 ATP2B3, CACNA1D, and CTNNB1.
Primary aldosteronism
Familial hyperaldosteronism
Renovascular hypertension
Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
Benign hypertension
Secondary hypertension
Essential hypertension
Renal artery stenosis