<unk> s or<unk>  impairments are<unk> s that involve the processing of linguistic information. Problems that may be experienced can involve grammar (syntax and/or morphology), semantics (meaning), or other aspects of<unk> . These problems may be receptive (involving impaired<unk>  comprehension), expressive (involving<unk>  production), or a combination of both. Examples include specific<unk>  impairment, better defined as developmental<unk> , or DLD, and aphasia, among others.<unk> s can affect both spoken and written<unk> , and can also affect sign<unk> ; typically, all forms of<unk>  will be impaired. Current data indicates that 7% of young children display<unk> , with boys being diagnosed twice as often as girls. Preliminary research on potential risk factors have suggested biological components, such as low birth weight, prematurity, general birth complications, and male gender, as well as family history and low parental education can increase the chance of developing<unk> s. For children with phonological and expressive<unk>  difficulties, there is evidence supporting speech and<unk>  therapy. However, the same therapy is shown to be much less effective for receptive<unk>  difficulties. These results are consistent with the poorer prognosis for receptive<unk>  impairments that are generally accompanied with problems in reading comprehension. Note that these are distinct from speech<unk> s, which involve difficulty with the act of speech production, but not with<unk> .<unk> s tend to manifest in two different ways: receptive<unk> s (where one cannot properly comprehend<unk>  and expressive<unk> s (where one cannot properly communicate their intended message).
Language disorder
Specific language impairment
Language delay
Speech and language impairment
Nonverbal learning disorder
Speech disorder
Speech delay
Motor speech disorders