<unk>  is the study of the contact of humans and other organisms with harmful agents within their environment – whether it be chemical, physical, biological or mental stressors – with the aim of identifying both the causes and preventions of the adverse health effects they result in. It is an expanding field, ranging from ultraviolet<unk> ,<unk>  to chemicals in the food we eat, to<unk>  to long working hours being the occupational factor most attributable to the burden of disease. Though studies mainly explore the relationship between external<unk> , internal<unk>  and dose (the amount required to cause harmful effects), the usefulness of<unk>  comes from it tightly integrating the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, biochemistry, environmental<unk>  and risk assessment in order to holistically comprehend how to protect both human and ecosystem health from<unk>  on individual, community and global levels.
Exposure science
Regulatory science
Pharmacy research
Environmental epidemiology
Forensic epidemiology
Environmental health
Nanotoxicology
Disease informatics