Many complications have been reported, although it appears serious complications are uncommon. The most dangerous risk is aspiration pneumonia, which is more likely to occur if hydrocarbons are ingested in patients without a protected airway. Other complications include laryngospasm, hypoxia, bradycardia, epistaxis, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, water intoxication, or mechanical injury to the stomach.
Gastric lavage
GI cocktail
Impedance–pH monitoring
Enteroscopy
Electrogastrogram
Upper gastrointestinal series
Oral food challenge
Esophageal pH monitoring