<unk>  prostate<unk>  As men age, the enzymes aromatase and 5-alpha reductase increase in activity. These enzymes are responsible for converting androgen hormones into estrogen and dihydrotestosterone, respectively. This metabolism of androgen hormones leads to a decrease in testosterone but increased levels of DHT and estrogen. Both the glandular epithelial cells and the stromal cells (including muscular fibers) undergo<unk>  in<unk> . Most sources agree that of the two tissues, stromal<unk>  predominates, but the exact ratio of the two is unclear.:694 Anatomically the median and lateral lobes are usually enlarged, due to their highly glandular composition. The anterior lobe has little in the way of glandular tissue and is seldom enlarged. (Carcinoma of the prostate typically occurs in the posterior lobe – hence the ability to discern an irregular outline per rectal examination). The earliest microscopic signs of<unk>  usually begin between the age of 30 and 50 years old in the PUG, which is posterior to the proximal urethra.:694 In<unk> , the majority of growth occurs in the transition zone (TZ) of the prostate.:694 In addition to these two classic areas, the peripheral zone (PZ) is also involved to a lesser extent.:695<unk>  cancer typically occurs in the PZ. However,<unk>  nodules, usually from the TZ are often biopsied anyway to rule out cancer in the TZ.:695<unk>  can be a progressive growth that in rare instances leads to exceptional enlargement. In some males, the prostate enlargement exceeds 200 to 500 grams. This condition has been defined as giant<unk><unk>  (GPH).
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostate cancer
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Heart failure
Acute prostatitis
Diabetes
Granulomatous prostatitis
Urinary bladder disease