<unk>  is treated with different procedures, which form the airway management. In a general view, this consists of the anti-choking first aid techniques, in the stage of a basic airway management, and of complex methods available for health professionals working in an advanced airway management. Basic treatment (First aid) US medic teaches the abdominal thrusts to AfghansBasic treatment of<unk>  includes several non-invasive techniques to help remove foreign bodies from the airways. General strategy: "Five and Five" For a conscious<unk>  victim, most institutions (as the American Heart Association and the American Red Cross) recommend the same general protocol of first-aid: asking the victim to cough strongly, followed by hard back slaps and, if they are not effective, applying abdominal thrusts, or chest thrusts in case of the victims that can not receive pressure on the abdomen (these techniques are detailed further below). If none of these techniques are effective, the protocols recommend alternating more series of back slaps and more series of thrusts (these on the abdomen or chest, depending of the victim), in continual turns of 5 times each one ("five and five"). In addition to the victims that can not receive pressure on the abdomen, other victims also require specific procedures (see details further below), mainly the babies and the people with disabilities. When the<unk>  is not being solved, it is mandatory that somebody calls for emergency medical services, and continuing the administration of first aid until they arrive. The<unk>  can change the colour in the victim's faces. After a while, they would lose consciousness and fall to the ground. Then it is recommended avoiding panic and beginning an anti-choking cardiopulmonary resuscitation (see more details further below). Each one of the techniques in the first aid protocol against<unk>  are detailed below: Cough If the<unk>  victims can cough, the American Red Cross and the Mayo Clinic recommend encouraging them to stay calm and continue coughing freely. Coughing with strenght is very effective. Between coughs, it may be easier to take air through the nose to refill the lungs. Back blows (back slaps) Back slaps depiction. The rescuer supports the victim's chest (for improving the effectivity) with the hand that will not slap, and bends the victim's body as much as possible. Then the other hand applies firm slaps. Many associations, including the American Red Cross and the Mayo Clinic, recommend the use of back blows (back slaps) to aid a<unk>  victim. This technique starts by bending the<unk>  victim forward as much as possible, even trying to place their head lower than the chest, to avoid the blows driving the object deeper into the person's throat (a rare complication, but possible). The bending is in the back, while the neck should not be excessively bent. It is convenient that one hand supports the victim's chest. Then the back blows are performed by delivering forceful slaps with the heel of the hand on the victim's back, between the shoulder blades. The back slaps push behind the blockage to expel the foreign object out. In some cases, the physical vibration of the action may cause enough movement to clear the airway. Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) Abdominal thrusts anti-choking technique: Apply them strongly on the area located between the chest and the belly button. Abdominal thrusts are performed with the rescuer standing behind the<unk>  victim. The rescuer closes the own dominant hand, grasps it with the other hand, and presses forcefully inwards and upwards with both hands on the area located between the chest and the belly button of the victim. The pressure is not focused directly against the ribs to avoid breaking them. If the first thrust does not solve the<unk> , it can be repeated several times. The use of abdominal thrusts is not recommended for infants under 1 year of age due to risk of causing injury, so there are adaptations for babies (see more details further below), but a child that is too big for the babies' adaptations would require normal abdominal thrusts (according to the size of the body). Besides, abdominal thrusts should not be used when the victim's abdomen presents problems to receive them, such as pregnancy or excessive size; in these cases, chest thrusts are advised (see more details further below). In the case of<unk>  alone, abdominal thrusts are one of the possibilities that can be tried on oneself (see more details further below). The purpose of abdominal thrusts is to create enough pressure to expel the object lodged upwards in the airway, relieving the obstruction. This method was discovered by doctor Henry Heimlich in 1974. Heimlich claimed that his maneuver was better than back blows, arguing that back blows could cause the obstruction to become more deeply lodged in the victim's airway. That started a debate into the medical community, that ended up with the recommendation of alternating both techniques, but making the patient to bend the back to prevent complications. In addition, the patient's chest would be supported during the back slaps. Although it is a well known method for<unk>  intervention, the Heimlich Maneuver is backed by limited evidence and unclear guidelines. Use of the maneuver has saved many lives but can produce dire consequences if not performed correctly. This includes rib fracture, perforation of the jejunum, diaphragmatic herniation, etc. Chest thrusts Chest thrusts anti-choking technique: If the victim cannot receive thrusts on the abdomen, use chest thrusts. Apply them strongly on the lower half of the chest bone, but not in the very endpoint. Avoid sticking the knuckles too painfully into the chest.When abdominal thrusts cannot be performed on the victim (because of problems as serious injuries, pregnancy or a belly size that is too much for the rescuer), chest thrusts are advised instead. Chest thrusts are performed with the rescuer standing behind the<unk>  victim. The rescuer closes the own dominant hand and grasps it with the other hand. This can produce several kinds of fists, but any of them can be valid if they can be placed on the victim's chest without sinking a knuckle too painfully. Keeping the fist with both hands, the rescuer uses it to press forcefully inwards on the lower half of the chest bone (sternum). The pressure is not focused on the very endpoint (named xiphoid process) to avoid breaking it. When the victim is a woman, the zone of the pressure of the chest thrusts would be normally upper than the level of the breasts. If the first thrust does not solve the<unk> , it can be repeated several times. Anti-choking devices Since 2015, several anti-choking devices were developed and released to the market. They are based on a mechanical vacuum effect, without a power source. Most use an attached mask to make a vacuum from the patient's nose and mouth. The current models of anti-choking devices are quite similar: a direct plunger tool (LifeVac), and a vacuum syringe (backward syringe) that also keeps the tongue in place by inserting a tube in the mouth (Dechoker). Both of them have received certification, and they have been reported to be effective in real cases. Other mechanical models are in development, such as Lifewand, which creates a vacuum by direct pressure against the patient's face. A 2020 systematic review of the effectiveness of the three devices listed here said "a more detailed review of the studies demonstrated a very low certainty of evidence for its use", and concluded that "there are many weaknesses in the available data and few unbiased trials that test the effectiveness of anti-choking suction devices resulting in insufficient evidence to support or discourage their use. Practitioners should continue to adhere to guidelines authored by local resuscitation authorities which align with ILCOR recommendations." Unconscious victims A<unk>  victim who becomes unconscious must be gently caught before falling and placed lying on a surface. That surface should be firm enough (it is recommended placing a layer of something on the floor and laying the victim above). Emergency medical services must be called, if this has not already been done.250x250px While waiting for emergency services to arrive, the unconscious<unk>  victim should receive a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for<unk>  victims, that is quite similar to the CPR for any other non-breathing patient. Infants less than one year old require a special adaptation for unconscious babies of that CPR (described further below). The anti-choking CPR for unconscious adults or children, but not infants, is a cycle that alternates series of compressions with series of ventilations (rescue breaths). In that CPR:250x250px Each round of compressions applies 30 compressions on the lower half of the chest bone (sternum), at an approximate rhythm of nearly 2 per second. After that series, the rescuer looks for the obstructing object and, if it is visible, the rescuer makes a try to extract it, usually by using a finger sweeping. There are no compressions during this step, but, if the removal complicates and takes a lot of time, it may require to repeat
Choking
Snuff 
Hajj Cough
Oil pulling
Soiling
Bursting
Creamy snuff
Dipping tobacco