Many of the key psychoactive compounds in M.<unk>  are indole alkaloids related to<unk> ne, which is a tetracyclic relative of the pentacyclic indole alkaloids, yohimbine and voacangine. In particular,<unk> ne and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG) compose significant proportions of the natural products isolable from M.<unk> ; e.g., in one study,<unk> ne was 12% by weight from Malaysian leaf sources, versus 66% from Thai sources, and 7-hydroxymitragynine constituted ~2% by weight. In addition, at least 40 other compounds have been isolated from M.<unk>  leaves, including ~25 additional alkaloids, including raubasine/ajmalicine (originally isolated from Rauvolfia serpentina), corynantheidine (also found in Pausinystalia johimbe), as well as mitraphylline,<unk> ne pseudoindoxyl, and rhynchophylline. In addition to alkaloids, M.<unk>  produces many other secondary metabolites. These include various saponins, iridoids and other monoterpenoids, triterpenoids such as ursolic acid and oleanic acid, as well as various polyphenols including the flavonoids apigenin and quercetin. Although some of these compounds possess antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal, antidepressant, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects in cells and non-human animals, there is no sufficient evidence to support the clinical use of kratom in humans. Detection in body fluids The plant's active compounds and metabolites are not detected by a typical drug screening test, but can be detected by more specialized testing. Blood<unk> ne concentrations are expected to be in a range of 10–50 μg/L in persons using the drug recreationally. Detection in body fluids is typically by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Mitragyna speciosa
Craniopagus parasiticus
Piedraia hortae
Cedecea davisae
Ephedra distachya
Arcanum joviale
Gongylonema pulchrum
Cerbera odollam