<unk>  of medial<unk>  Presently, treatments make it possible for quicker recovery. If the<unk>  is not serious, physical therapy, compression, elevation and icing the knee can heal the<unk> .<unk> s are more likely to heal on their own if they are in what physicians call the "red zone," or the outer edge of the<unk>  where blood supply is present. More serious<unk> s may require surgical procedures. Surgery, however, does not appear to be better than non-surgical care. In the long term, degenerative meniscal<unk> s are often associated with osteoarthritis. This leads to poor outcomes regardless of treatment type. In the short term, studies have shown arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) is a more effective treatment with regards to function and pain management. Conservative treatments Initial treatment may include physical therapy, bracing, anti-inflammatory drugs, or corticosteroid injections to increase flexibility, endurance, and strength. Common anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers prescribed for<unk> s include acetaminophen, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids. Exercises can strengthen the muscles around the knee, especially the quadriceps. Stronger and bigger muscles will protect the<unk>  cartilage by absorbing a part of the weight. The patient may be given paracetamol or anti-inflammatory medications. For patients selecting non-surgical treatment, physical therapy may reduce symptoms of pain and swelling. This type of rehabilitation focuses on maintenance of full range of motion and functional progression without aggravating symptoms. Physical therapists can employ electric stimulation, cold therapy, and ultrasonography. Accelerated rehabilitation programs can be as successful as the conservative program. The program reduces the time the patient spends using crutches and allows weight bearing activities. The less conservative approach allows the patient to apply a small amount of stress while protecting range of motion. It is likely that a patient with a peripheral<unk>  can pursue the accelerated program, while a patient with a larger<unk>  adopts the conservative program. The use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) to aid in the healing process has become widely accepted among US athletes. Although the procedure has grown in popularity, studies assessing the efficacy of PRP treatment have yielded contradictory results. Surgery Arthroscopy is a surgical technique in which a joint is operated on using an endoscopic camera as opposed to open surgery on the joint. The<unk>  can either be repaired or completely removed. Surgery is not appropriate for a degenerative<unk> , absent locking or catching of the knee, recurrent effusion or persistent pain. Evidence suggests that it is no better than conservative management in those with and without osteoarthritis. Surgery appears to offer no benefit to adults who have mild arthritis. An independent international guideline panel recommended against arthroscopy for degenerative<unk> s; this conclusion derived from evidence of no lasting benefit and that less than 15% of patients experience even a short-term benefit. Disadvantages include a two to six week recovery time and rare but serious adverse effects that can occur, including blood clots in the legs, surgical site infections, and nerve damage. The BMJ Rapid Recommendation includes infographics and shared decision-making tools to facilitate a conversation between doctors and patients about the risks and benefits of arthroscopic surgery. If the injury is isolated, then the knee would be relatively stable. However, if an injury such as an anterior cruciate ligament injury (torn ACL) is coupled with a torn<unk> , then an arthroscopy is recommended. A meniscal repair has a higher success rate given an adequate blood supply to the peripheral rim. The interior of the<unk>  is avascular, but the blood supply can penetrate up to about . Therefore,<unk> s that occur near the peripheral rim are able to heal after a meniscal repair. One study found that repair is better than removal (meniscectomy). The amount of rehabilitation time required for a repair is longer, but removing the<unk>  can induce osteoarthritis. Meniscectomy rehab requires four to six weeks. Repair requires four to six months. If conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical intervention may be required. Younger patients are typically more resilient and respond well to this treatment, while older, more sedentary patients do not have a favorable outcome after a repair. Transplants<unk>  transplants are regularly successful, although the procedure is not common and many questions surrounding its use remain. Side effects of meniscectomy include: * The knee loses its ability to transmit and distribute load and absorb mechanical shock. * Persistent and significant swelling and stiffness in the knee. * The knee may be not be fully mobile; there may be the sensation of knee locking or buckling in the knee. * The full knee may be in full motion after<unk>  of<unk> . * Increases progression of arthritis and time to knee replacement. Implants Another treatment approach in development is a<unk>  implant or "artificial<unk> ." While many artificial joints and bionic body parts are available, including arms, legs, joints and other body parts, a prosthetic<unk>  replacement . The first to be implanted in humans is called the NUsurface<unk>  Implant. The implant is made from medical grade plastic and is designed not to require fixation to bone or soft tissue. The implant could be a good option for younger, active patients who are considered too young for knee replacement because that surgery lasts only about 10 years. The implant has been used in clinical trials in Europe since 2008. The first surgery as part of US clinical trials took place in January 2015 at Ohio State University's Wexner Medical Center. Two FDA-approved clinical trials evaluating the implant completed enrollment in June 2018. In September 2019, the manufacturer received breakthrough designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the company expected to file for regulatory approval within the following year. In November 2019, the implant became commercially available in Israel. Other implants include TRAMMPOLIN and Orthonika. Scientists are working to grow an artificial<unk>  in the lab. Scientists from Cornell and Columbia universities grew a<unk>  inside the knee joint of a sheep using a 3-D printer and the sheep's stem cells. Similarly, researchers at Scripps Research Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education reported growing a<unk> .
Meniscus tear
Meniscal cyst
Tenonitis
Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
Penile fracture
Discoid meniscus
Infrapatellar fat pad syndrome
Pneumatocele