<unk>  is the practice of purposely bringing one's attention in the present moment without evaluation, a skill one develops through meditation or other training.<unk>  derives from sati, a significant element of Buddhist traditions, and is based on Zen, Vipassanā, and Tibetan meditation techniques. Though definitions and techniques of<unk>  are wide-ranging, Buddhist traditions explain what constitutes<unk>  such as how past, present and future moments arise and cease as momentary sense impressions and mental phenomena. Individuals who have contributed to the popularity of<unk>  in the modern Western context include Thích Nhất Hạnh, Herbert Benson, Jon Kabat-Zinn, Richard J. Davidson, and Sam Harris. Clinical psychology and psychiatry since the 1970s have developed a number of therapeutic applications based on<unk>  for helping people experiencing a variety of psychological conditions.<unk>  practice has been employed to reduce depression, stress, anxiety, and in the treatment of drug addiction. Programs based on<unk>  models have been adopted within schools, prisons, hospitals, veterans' centers, and other environments, and<unk>  programs have been applied for additional outcomes such as for healthy aging, weight management, athletic performance, helping children with special needs, and as an intervention during the perinatal period. Clinical studies have documented both physical- and mental-health benefits of<unk>  in different patient categories as well as in healthy adults and children. Research studies have shown a positive relationship between trait<unk>  (which can be cultivated through the practice of<unk> -based interventions) and psychological health. The practice of<unk>  appears to provide therapeutic benefits to people with psychiatric disorders, including moderate benefits to those with psychosis. Studies also indicate that rumination and worry contribute to a variety of mental disorders, and that<unk> -based interventions can enhance trait<unk>  and reduce both rumination and worry. Further, the practice of<unk>  may be a preventive strategy to halt the development of mental-health problems. However, too much<unk>  can produce harmful effects, such as worsening anxiety in people with high levels of self-focus or awareness of their bodies or emotions. There is also evidence that suggests engaging in<unk>  meditation may influence physical health. For example, the psychological habit of repeatedly dwelling on stressful thoughts appears to intensify the physiological effects of the stressor (as a result of the continual activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis) with the potential to lead to physical health related clinical manifestations. Studies indicate that<unk>  meditation, which brings about reductions in rumination, may alter these biological clinical pathways. Further, research indicates that<unk>  may favourably influence the immune system as well as inflammation, which can consequently impact physical health, especially considering that inflammation has been linked to the development of several chronic health conditions. Other studies support these findings. Additionally,<unk>  appears to bring about lowered activity of the default mode network of the brain, and thereby contribute towards a lowered risk of developing conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. However, critics have questioned both the commercialization and the over-marketing of<unk>  for health benefits—as well as emphasizing the need for more randomized controlled studies, for more methodological details in reported studies and for the use of larger sample-sizes.
Mindfulness
Distress 
Distrust
Psychological resistance
Obsessive love
Perseveration
Stranger anxiety
Intrusive thought