The<unk>  is subject to clinically relevant changes that can result in: * Anterior vaginal wall prolapse * Cystocele (bladder into vagina) * Urethrocele (urethra into vagina) * Cystourethrocele (both bladder and urethra) * Posterior vaginal wall prolapse * Enterocele (small intestine into vagina) * Rectocele (rectum into vagina) * Apical vaginal prolapse * Uterine prolapse (uterus into vagina) * Vaginal vault prolapse (roof of vagina) - after hysterectomy<unk>  dysfunction can result after treatment for gynecological cancers. Damage to the<unk>  not only contributes to urinary incontinence but can lead to<unk>  organ prolapse.<unk>  organ prolapse occurs in women when<unk>  organs (e.g. the vagina, bladder, rectum, or uterus) protrude into or outside of the vagina. The causes of<unk>  organ prolapse are not unlike those that also contribute to urinary incontinence. These include inappropriate (asymmetrical, excessive, insufficient) muscle tone and asymmetries caused by trauma to the<unk> . Age, pregnancy, family history, and hormonal status all contribute to the development of<unk>  organ prolapse. The vagina is suspended by attachments to the perineum,<unk>  side wall and sacrum via attachments that include collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle. Surgery can be performed to repair<unk>  muscles. The<unk>  muscles can be strengthened with Kegel exercises. Disorders of the posterior<unk>  include rectal prolapse, rectocele, perineal hernia, and a number of functional disorders including anismus. Constipation due to any of these disorders is called "functional constipation" and is identifiable by clinical diagnostic criteria.<unk>  exercise (PFE), also known as Kegel exercises, may improve the tone and function of the<unk>  muscles, which is of particular benefit for women (and less commonly men) who experience stress urinary incontinence. However, compliance with PFE programs often is poor, PFE generally is ineffective for urinary incontinence unless performed with biofeedback and trained supervision, and in severe cases it may have no benefit.<unk>  muscle tone may be estimated using a perineometer, which measures the pressure within the vagina. Medication may also be used to improve continence. In severe cases, surgery may be used to repair or even to reconstruct the<unk> . Perineology or<unk> erineology is a speciality dealing with the functional troubles of the three axes (urological, gynaecological and coloproctological) of the<unk> .
Pelvic floor
Vaginal cuff
Menstrual pad
Penis
Vas deferens
Orgasmic platform
Collyrium
Ovary