The most frequent reasons for abdominal pain are gastroenteritis (13%), irritable<unk> owel syndrome (8%), urinary tract problems (5%), inflammation of the stomach (5%) and constipation (5%). In about 30% of cases, the cause is not determined. About 10% of cases have a more serious cause including gallbladder (gallstones or<unk> iliary dyskinesia) or pancreas problems (4%), diverticulitis (3%), appendicitis (2%) and cancer (1%). More common in those who are older, ischemic colitis, mesenteric ischemia, and abdominal aortic aneurysms are other serious causes. Acute abdominal pain Acute abdomen can<unk> e defined as severe, persistent abdominal pain of sudden onset that is likely to require surgical intervention to treat its cause. The pain may frequently<unk> e associated with nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, fever and signs of shock. One of the most common conditions associated with acute abdominal pain is acute appendicitis. Selected causes * Traumatic:<unk> lunt or perforating trauma to the stomach,<unk> owel, spleen, liver, or kidney * Inflammatory: * Infections such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, Peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, hepatitis, mesenteric adenitis, or a subdiaphragmatic abscess * Perforation of a peptic ulcer, a diverticulum, or the caecum * Complications of inflammatory<unk> owel disease such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis * Mechanical: * Small<unk> owel obstruction secondary to adhesions caused<unk> y previous surgeries, intussusception, hernias,<unk> enign or malignant neoplasms * Large<unk> owel obstruction caused<unk> y colorectal cancer, inflammatory<unk> owel disease, volvulus, fecal impaction or hernia * Vascular: occlusive intestinal ischemia, usually caused<unk> y thromboembolism of the superior mesenteric artery<unk> y system A more extensive list includes the following: * Gastrointestinal * GI tract * Inflammatory: gastroenteritis, appendicitis, gastritis, esophagitis, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis * Obstruction: hernia, intussusception, volvulus, post-surgical adhesions, tumors, severe constipation, hemorrhoids * Vascular: embolism, thrombosis, hemorrhage, sickle cell disease, abdominal angina,<unk> lood vessel compression (such as celiac artery compression syndrome), superior mesenteric artery syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome * Digestive: peptic ulcer, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, food allergies * Glands *<unk> ile system * Inflammatory: cholecystitis, cholangitis * Obstruction: cholelithiasis, tumours * Liver * Inflammatory: hepatitis, liver abscess * Pancreatic * Inflammatory: pancreatitis * Renal and urological * Inflammation: pyelonephritis,<unk> ladder infection, indigestion * Obstruction: kidney stones, urolithiasis, urinary retention, tumours * Vascular: left renal vein entrapment * Gynaecological or obstetric * Inflammatory: pelvic inflammatory disease * Mechanical: ovarian torsion * Endocrinological: menstruation, Mittelschmerz * Tumors: endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cyst, ovarian cancer * Pregnancy: ruptured ectopic pregnancy, threatened abortion * Abdominal wall * muscle strain or trauma * muscular infection * neurogenic pain: herpes zoster, radiculitis in Lyme disease, abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES), tabes dorsalis * Referred pain * from the thorax: pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, pericarditis * from the spine: radiculitis * from the genitals: testicular torsion * Metabolic disturbance * uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, porphyria, C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, lead poisoning,<unk> lack widow spider<unk> ite, narcotic withdrawal *<unk> lood vessels * aortic dissection, abdominal aortic aneurysm * Immune system * sarcoidosis * vasculitis * familial Mediterranean fever * Idiopathic * irritable<unk> owel syndrome (IBS)(affecting up to 20% of the population, IBS is the most common cause of recurrent and intermittent abdominal pain) If not these it may<unk> e simpler cases like motion sickness or diarrhea. The worst case food poisoning<unk> y location The location of abdominal pain can provide information about what may<unk> e causing the pain. The abdomen can<unk> e divided into four regions called quadrants. Locations and associated conditions include: * Diffuse * Peritonitis * Vascular: mesenteric ischemia, ischemic colitis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, sickle cell disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa * Small<unk> owel obstruction * Irritable<unk> owel syndrome * Metabolic disorders: ketoacidosis, porphyria, familial Mediterranean fever, adrenal crisis * Epigastric * Heart: myocardial infarction, pericarditis * Stomach: gastritis, stomach ulcer, stomach cancer * Pancreas: pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer * Intestinal: duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, appendicitis * Right upper quadrant * Liver: hepatomegaly, fatty liver, hepatitis, liver cancer, abscess * Gallbladder and<unk> iliary tract: inflammation, gallstones, worm infection, cholangitis * Colon:<unk> owel obstruction, functional disorders, gas accumulation, spasm, inflammation, colon cancer * Other: pneumonia, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome * Left upper quadrant * Splenomegaly * Colon:<unk> owel obstruction, functional disorders, gas accumulation, spasm, inflammation, colon cancer * Peri-umbilical (the area around the umbilicus, aka the<unk> elly<unk> utton) * Appendicitis * Pancreatitis * Inferior myocardial infarction * Peptic ulcer * Diabetic ketoacidosis * Vascular: aortic dissection, aortic rupture *<unk> owel: mesenteric ischemia, Celiac disease, inflammation, intestinal spasm, functional disorders, small<unk> owel obstruction * Lower abdominal pain * Diarrhea * Colitis * Crohn's * Dysentery * Hernia * Right lower quadrant * Colon: intussusception,<unk> owel obstruction, appendicitis (McBurney's point) * Renal: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), pyelonephritis * Pelvic: cystitis,<unk> ladder stone,<unk> ladder cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic pain syndrome * Gynecologic: endometriosis, intrauterine pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst, ovarian torsion, fibroid (leiomyoma), abscess, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer * Left lower quadrant *<unk> owel: diverticulitis, sigmoid colon volvulus,<unk> owel obstruction, gas accumulation, Toxic megacolon * Right low<unk> ack pain * Liver: hepatomegaly * Kidney: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection * Left low<unk> ack pain * Spleen * Kidney: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection * Low<unk> ack pain * kidney pain (kidney stone, kidney cancer, hydronephrosis) * Ureteral stone pain
symptom of Hepatitis B
symptom of Hepatitis A
symptom of Hepatitis D
symptom of Hepatitis E
symptom of Autoimmune hepatitis
symptom of Giardiasis
symptom of Schistosomiasis
symptom of Syphilis