In the United States, approximately 40,000 people were<unk> zed. In England, 17,000<unk> es were performed, and the three Nordic countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden had a combined figure of approximately 9,300<unk> es. Scandinavian hospitals<unk> zed 2.5 times as many people per capita as hospitals in the US. Sweden<unk> zed at least 4,500 people between 1944 and 1966, mainly women. This figure includes young children. In Norway, there were 2,005 known<unk> es. In Denmark, there were 4,500 known<unk> es. In Japan, the majority of<unk> es were performed on children with behaviour problems. The Soviet Union banned the practice in 1950 on moral grounds. In Germany, it was performed only a few times. By the late 1970s, the practice of<unk>  had generally ceased, although it continued as late as the 1980s in France.
Lobotomy
Thoracostomy
Cricoidectomy
Trachelectomy
Tracheobronchoplasty
Lobectomy 
Lobectomy
Laryngotracheal reconstruction