Various factors may affect one's susceptibility to<unk> s, including behavioural (e.g. smoking), demographic (e.g. age) and genetic (family history) factors. Most of these risk factors first promote the increase in<unk>  pressure, followed by other symptoms and signs. Age The rise of<unk>  pressure is correlated to ageing. The arterial compliance - the amount of tension produced per stretch of arteries, decreases with age, and the stiffness of arteries increases with age. The structural change in<unk><unk> s causes the elderly to be more susceptible to hypertension, which leads to complications in arteries, the heart and even the brain. Obesity Having obesity would increase the risk of atherosclerosis. A high-fat and high-cholesterol diet would result in an elevation of lipoprotein level, which is one of the constituents of plaque. Lipoprotein level above > 25–30 mg/dl is considered more susceptible by<unk> s. Family history Some of the<unk> s are inherited. For instance, erythromelalgia is caused by the mutation of the SCN9A gene, which alters the neural pathway to<unk><unk> s. Genetic disorders that affect the circulatory, immune or neural system may contribute to hereditary<unk> . If one’s family history shows records of vascular disorders, it is more likely to inherit the same disease. Smoking Both active or passive smoking may bring harm to the vascular system. For instance, cigarette smoking, cannabinoids and smokeless tobacco use were all found to raise<unk>  pressure and increase the risk of stroke. Moreover, cigar and cigarette smoking may also cause arterial stiffness. Medication Some medications may have the side effect of increasing<unk>  pressure and may even suppress the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain and anti-inflammatory drugs like Indomethacin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and piroxicam would retain water in the systemic circulation, raising the<unk>  pressure. Other types of medications like antidepressant, hormone and caffeine would also increase<unk>  pressure.
Blood vessel disorder
Vascular disease
Brain damage
Central nervous system disease
Vascular occlusion
Vascular anomaly
Pigmentation disorder
Neurological disorder