Invasive strains of non-typhoidal<unk> , such as<unk>  Typhimurium ST313 have recently been labelled as causing emerging diseases in Africa. Key host immune deficiencies associated with HIV, malaria and malnutrition have contributed to a wide spread of this disease and the need to use expensive antimicrobial drugs in the poorest health services in the world. But also bacterial factors, such as upregulated activity of the virulence gene pgtE, due to a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in its promoter region, have been shown to have a great impact upon the pathogenesis of this particular<unk>  sequence type.
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Vibrio cholerae
Campylobacter upsaliensis
Yersinia rohdei
Yersinia aleksiciae
Campylobacter jejuni
Escherichia coli
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli