Rates of<unk>  in adult men in 2014. Disability-adjusted life year for<unk><unk> ive<unk> eart disease per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004. Adults , approximately one billion adults or ~22% of the population of the world<unk> ave<unk> . It is slightly more frequent in men, in those of low socioeconomic status, and it becomes more common with age. It is common in<unk> igh, medium, and low income countries. In 2004 rates of<unk> igh blood pressure were<unk> ighest in Africa, (30% for both sexes) and lowest in the Americas (18% for both sexes). Rates also vary markedly within regions with rates as low as 3.4% (men) and 6.8% (women) in rural India and as<unk> igh as 68.9% (men) and 72.5% (women) in Poland. Rates in Africa were about 45% in 2016. In Europe<unk>  occurs in about 30-45% of people . In 1995 it was estimated that 43 million people (24% of the population) in the United States<unk> ad<unk>  or were taking antihypertensive medication. By 2004 this<unk> ad increased to 29% and further to 32% (76 million US adults) by 2017. In 2017, with the change in definitions for<unk> , 46% of people in the United States are affected. African-American adults in the United States<unk> ave among the<unk> ighest rates of<unk>  in the world at 44%. It is also more common in Filipino Americans and less common in US whites and Mexican Americans. Differences in<unk>  rates are multifactorial and under study. Children Rates of<unk> igh blood pressure in children and adolescents<unk> ave increased in the last 20 years in the United States. Childhood<unk> , particularly in pre-adolescents, is more often secondary to an underlying disorder than in adults. Kidney disease is the most common secondary cause of<unk>  in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, primary or essential<unk>  accounts for most cases.
Hypertension
Obesity
Prehypertension
Diabetes
Body mass index
Abdominal obesity
Smoking
Exercise