Often<unk>  produces no symptoms, especially early in the disease course. Signs and symptoms usually appear in more advanced disease and more than 50% of patients will present with syncope or transient near-fainting spells as well as bradycardias that are accompanied by rapid heart rhythms, referred to as tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome Other presenting signs or symptoms can include confusion, fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, headache, and nausea. Patients can also present with symptoms of congestive heart failure, stroke or transient ischemic attacks due to the abnormal rhythm. Complications Electrocardiogram from a man with tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome following mitral valvuloplasty, resection of the left atrial appendage, and maze procedure. The ECG shows AV-junctional rhythm resulting in bradycardia at around 46 beats per minute. This ECG from the same patient shows atrial fibrillation at around 126 beats per minute.The most common complication of<unk>  is the development of tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome with abnormal atrial rhythms such as atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and flutter. These rhythms increases the risk of clot formation in the atrium, embolization, and stroke. Developing<unk>  arrest,<unk> <unk>  exit block,<unk>  bradycardia, atrioventricular block, and other types of abnormal rhythms are also common complications.<unk>  has a close association with the presence of atrial fibrillation due to their shared etiology of remodeling.
Sinus node dysfunction
Pacemaker crosstalk
Cardiac fibrosis
Primary tumors of the heart
Ventricular dyssynchrony
Coronary vasospasm
Ectopic pacemaker
Ventricular remodeling