Usually performing the Leopold maneuvers will demonstrate the presentation and possibly the position of the fetus. Ultrasound examination delivers the precise diagnosis and may indicate possible causes of a malpresentation. On vaginal examination, the leading part of the fetus becomes identifiable after the amniotic sac has been broken and the head is descending in the pelvis.
Cephalic presentation
Non-lifting sign
Shoulder presentation
Dysmorphic feature
Thrifty phenotype
Multiple abnormalities
Vertical auto profile
Triangular face