<unk>  is a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conduction system of the heart, in which<unk> s arise from fibers or group of fibers outside the region in the heart muscle ordinarily responsible for impulse formation (i.e., the sinoatrial node). An<unk>  can be further classified as either a premature ventricular contraction, or a premature atrial contraction. Some patients describe this experience as a "flip" or a "jolt" in the chest, or a "heart hiccup", while others report dropped or missed<unk> s.<unk> s are more common during periods of stress, exercise or debility; they may also be triggered by consumption of some food like alcohol, strong cheese, or chocolate. It is a form of cardiac arrhythmia in which ectopic foci within either ventricular or atrial myocardium, or from finer branches of the electric transduction system, cause additional<unk> s of the heart. Some medications may worsen the phenomenon.<unk> s are considered normal and are not indicative of cardiac pathology.<unk> s often remain undetected and occur as part of minor errors in the heart conduction system. They are rarely indicative of cardiac pathology, although may occur more frequently or be more noticeable in those with existing cardiac abnormalities.<unk> s are a type of cardiac arrhythmias, which is a variety of cardiac abnormalities relating to rate or rhythm of the cardiac cycle.<unk> s may become more frequent during anxiety, panic attack, and the fight-or-flight response due to the increase in sympathetic nervous activity or due to parasympathetic failure, stimulating either more frequent or more vigorous contractions and increasing stroke volume. The consumption of nicotine, alcohol, epinephrine and caffeine may also increase the incidences of<unk> s, due to their influence on the action of cardiomyocytes.
Ectopic beat
Sinus arrhythmia
Ventricular escape beat
Ectopic pacemaker
Sinoatrial arrest
Junctional tachycardia
Sinoatrial block
Junctional ectopic tachycardia