<unk>  can be categorized as either immediate (occurring immediately after the stimulus) or delayed (some time after the occurrence of a stimulus). Immediate<unk>  results from quick recall of information from the short-term memory and "superficial linguistic processing". A typical pediatric presentation of immediate<unk>  might be as follows: a child is asked "Do you want dinner?"; the child echoes back "Do you want dinner?", followed by a pause, and then a response, "Yes. What's for dinner?" In delayed<unk>  the patient repeats words, phrases, or multiple sentences after a delay that can be anywhere from hours to years later. Immediate<unk>  can be indicative that a developmental disorder exists, but this is not necessarily the case. Sometimes<unk>  can be observed when an individual echoes back a statement to indicate they are contemplating a response and fully heard the original statement. Researchers observed the daily repetitions of an autistic six-year-old in order to examine the differences between triggers for delayed versus immediate<unk> . Researchers further distinguished immediate echos by the sequential context in which they occur: after corrections, after directives, or in indiscernible sequential positions. Delayed echos are distinguished on the basis of ownership: self-echos, other-echos, and impersonal echos. The results showed that nearly all immediate echos produced by the six-year-old were found in sequential contexts, while the delayed echoes also occurred in the basis of ownership. Although<unk>  can be an impairment, the symptoms can involve a large selection of underlying meanings and behaviors across and within subjects. Mitigated<unk>  refers to a repetition in which the original stimulus is somewhat altered, and ambient<unk>  refers to the repetition (typically occurring in individuals with dementia) of environmental stimuli such as a television program running in the background. Examples of mitigated<unk>  are pronoun changes or syntax corrections. The first can be seen in the example of asking the patient “Where are you going?” and with patient responding “Where am I going?” The latter would be seen in the clinician asking “Where are I going?” and the patient repeating “Where am I going?” In mitigated<unk>  some language processing is occurring. Mitigated<unk>  can be seen in dyspraxia and aphasia of speech. A Japanese case report describes a 20-year-old college student who was admitted to the hospital complaining about headaches and meningitis; however, he also exhibited signs of ambient<unk> . The researchers stated that the young patient's repetition was occurring at approximately the same tempo as his normal speech rate. The patient did not simply repeat words he had heard one after another. The patient reported that his ambient<unk>  appeared to be random but appeared when he was distracted. He was also aware of his<unk> , but said he is unable to stop the repetitions.
Echolalia
Palilalia
Tachylalia
Coprolalia
Tourettism
Autism
Acrodynia
Puberphonia