There is insufficient evidence for or against breathing exercises. While traditional intervention for an acute episode has been to have the patient breathe into a paper bag, causing rebreathing and restoration of CO₂ levels, this is not advised. The same benefits can be obtained more safely from deliberately slowing down the breathing rate by counting or looking at the second hand on a watch. This is sometimes referred to as "7-11 breathing", because a gentle inhalation is stretched out to take 7 seconds (or counts), and the exhalation is slowed to take 11 seconds. This in-/exhalation ratio can be safely decreased to 4-12 or even 4-20 and more, as the O₂ content of the blood will easily sustain normal cell function for several minutes at rest when normal blood acidity has been restored. It has also been suggested that breathing therapies such as the Buteyko Breathing method may be effective in reducing the symptoms and recurrence of the<unk> . Benzodiazepines can be prescribed to reduce stress that provokes<unk> . Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can reduce the severity and frequency of<unk>  episodes.
Hyperventilation syndrome
Central hypoventilation syndrome
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Upper airway resistance syndrome
Sleep apnea
Reactive airway disease
Central sleep apnea
Asthma