CM in DCMO is characteristically present at birth or during infancy. Appearance of the CM can be categorized into reticulate or homogenous pattern and pale or dark in color. Reticulate is defined as a non-uniform, mottled stain with indistinct demarcations, and homogenous is a uniform, solid color with distinct borders. Commonly, it affects multiple regions of the body. Lesions are pink or violaceous in color because capillaries in the papillary dermis are involved. Lesions are commonly diffuse, meaning that they extend contiguously greater than 2-3cm beyond a region of involvement. Midline demarcations commonly affect the abdomen, but can also involve the back and buttocks. There is usually<unk>  of at least one extremity, with possible<unk>  of face and body. Soft tissue and bony<unk>  proportionate to patient growth are the most common associated changes in DCMO. Typically there are no bone abnormalities on imaging. However, leg length discrepancy is observed in approximately half of patient cases. There have been cases of hemihypertrophy, which are associated with diffuse CM appearance. Although rare, there are reports of limb hypotrophy. Syndactyly and macrodactyly are observed in approximately one third of patients. DCMO is not commonly associated with developmental delay. Knowledge of diseases associated with DCMO in the fetus is limited. However, there is a reported case of a fetus with DCMO and a pleural effusion. Associated condition Patients with DCMO, just like other vascular malformations, may experience psychosocial distress such as social stigma, low self-esteem, and emotional stress typically beginning in adolescence. Parents of children with vascular malformations may also experience distress due to concerns regarding how their children may be treated by others. Potential psychological benefits from early laser treatment of port-wine stains have been reported in several studies. Similarly, early laser treatment should be pursued in DCMO to prevent psychosocial distress that may increase with age and patients and/or parents should be provided with psychosocial support when appropriate.
Diffuse capillary malformation with overgrowth
Hyperkeratotic cutaneous capillary-venous malformation
Benign neonatal hemangiomatosis
Arteriovenous malformation
Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis
Cavernous venous malformation
Fibrillary astrocytoma
Infantile hemangiopericytoma