There are different opinions on the best treatment of<unk> . Surgical removal, with or without additional radiation therapy or tamoxifen, is the recommended treatment for<unk>  by the National Cancer Institute. Surgery may be either a breast-conserving lumpectomy or a mastectomy (complete or partial removal of the affected breast). If a lumpectomy is used it is often combined with radiation therapy. Tamoxifen may be used as hormonal therapy if the cells show estrogen receptor positivity. Research shows that survival is the same with lumpectomy as it is with mastectomy, whether or not a woman has radiation after lumpectomy. Chemotherapy is not needed for<unk>  since the disease is noninvasive. While surgery reduces the risk of subsequent cancer, many people never develop cancer even without treatment and the associated side effects. There is no evidence comparing surgery with watchful waiting and some feel watchful waiting may be a reasonable option in certain cases. Tamoxifen may be used as hormonal therapy if the cells show estrogen receptor positivity. Chemotherapy is not needed for<unk>  since the disease is noninvasive. Radiation therapy Use of radiation therapy after lumpectomy provides equivalent survival rates to mastectomy, although there is a slightly higher risk of recurrent disease in the same breast in the form of further<unk>  or invasive breast cancer. Systematic reviews (including a Cochrane review) indicate that the addition of radiation therapy to lumpectomy reduces recurrence of<unk>  or later onset of invasive breast cancer in comparison with breast-conserving surgery alone, without affecting mortality. The Cochrane review did not find any evidence that the radiation therapy had any long-term toxic effects. While the authors caution that longer follow-up will be required before a definitive conclusion can be reached regarding long-term toxicity, they point out that ongoing technical improvements should further restrict radiation exposure in healthy tissues. They do recommend that comprehensive information on potential side effects is given to women who receive this treatment. The addition of radiation therapy to lumpectomy appears to reduce the risk of local recurrence to approximately 12%, of which approximately half will be<unk>  and half will be invasive breast cancer; the risk of recurrence is 1% for women undergoing mastectomy. Mastectomy There is no evidence that mastectomy decreases the risk of death over a lumpectomy. Mastectomy; however, may decrease the rate of the<unk>  or invasive cancer occurring in the same location. Mastectomies remain a common recommendation in those with persistent microscopic involvement of margins after local excision or with a diagnosis of<unk>  and evidence of suspicious, diffuse microcalcifications. Sentinel node biopsy Some institutions that have encountered high rates of recurrent invasive cancers after mastectomy for<unk>  have endorsed routine sentinel node biopsy (SNB). However, research indicates that sentinel node biopsy has risks that outweigh the benefits for most women with<unk> . SNB should be considered with tissue diagnosis of high risk<unk>  (grade III with palpable mass or larger size on imaging) as well as in people undergoing mastectomy after a core or excisional biopsy diagnosis of<unk> .
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Basal cell adenoma
Extramammary Paget's disease
Inverted papilloma
Carcinoma in situ
Lymphomatoid papulosis
Squamous cell papilloma
Lobular carcinoma in situ