A<unk>  is often used as an airway of last resort given the numerous other airway options available including standard tracheal intubation and rapid sequence induction which are the common means of establishing an airway in an emergency scenario.<unk> es account for approximately 1% of all emergency department intubations, and is used mostly in persons who have experienced a traumatic injury. Some general indications for this procedure include: *Inability to intubate *Inability to ventilate *Inability to maintain SpO2 >90% *Severe traumatic injury that prevents oral or nasal tracheal intubation
Cricothyrotomy
Tracheotomy
Cricoidectomy
Trachelectomy
Lobotomy
Transtracheal jet ventilation
Pulmonary tractotomy
Thyrotomy