A comparison of the structures of the natural estrogen hormone estradiol (left) and one of the nonyl-phenols (right), a xenoestrogen<unk> <unk> s, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents,<unk>  disrupting chemicals, or<unk>  disrupting compounds are chemicals that can interfere with<unk>  (or hormonal) systems. These disruptions can cause cancerous tumors, birth defects, and other developmental disorders. Found in many household and industrial products,<unk> s "interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body that are responsible for development, behavior, fertility, and maintenance of homeostasis (normal cell metabolism)." Any system in the body controlled by hormones can be derailed by hormone<unk> s. Specifically,<unk> s may be associated with the development of learning disabilities, severe attention deficit disorder, cognitive and brain development problems. There has been controversy over<unk> s, with some groups calling for swift action by regulators to remove them from the market, and regulators and other scientists calling for further study. Some<unk> s have been identified and removed from the market (for example, a drug called diethylstilbestrol), but it is uncertain whether some<unk> s on the market actually harm humans and wildlife at the doses to which wildlife and humans are exposed. Additionally, a key scientific paper, published in 1996 in the journal Science, which helped launch the movement of those opposed to<unk> s, was retracted and its author found to have committed scientific misconduct. Studies in cells and laboratory animals have shown that EDCs can cause adverse biological effects in animals, and low-level exposures may also cause similar effects in human beings. EDCs in the environment may also be related to reproductive and infertility problems in wildlife and bans and restrictions on their use has been associated with a reduction in health problems and the recovery of some wildlife populations.
Endocrine disruptor
Environmental disease
Pesticide residue
Persistent organic pollutant
Catastrophic injury
Medication
Trauma
Performance-enhancing substance