Once the parasite has entered the body and begun to produce eggs, it uses the hosts' immune system (granulomas) for transportation of eggs into the gut. The eggs stimulate formation of granuloma around them. The granulomas, consisting of motile cells, carry the eggs to the intestinal lumen. When in the lumen, granuloma cells disperse leaving the eggs to be excreted within feces. Unfortunately, about two-thirds of eggs are not excreted, instead they build up in the gut. Chronic infection can lead to characteristic Symmer's fibrosis (also known as "clay pipe stem" fibroses, these occur due to intrahepatic portal vein calcification which assume the shape of a clay pipe in cross section).<unk>  is the most pathogenic of the<unk>  species because it produces up to 3,000 eggs per day, ten times greater than that of S. mansoni. As a chronic disease,<unk>  can lead to Katayama fever, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, liver portal hypertension, splenomegaly, and ascites. Some eggs may pass the liver and enter lungs, nervous system and other organs where they can adversely affect the health of the infected individual.
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni
Echinostoma cinetorchis
Taenia asiatica
Taenia solium
Schistosoma haematobium
Trichinella spiralis
Opisthorchis viverrini