Excessive consumption of<unk>  carbonate antacids/dietary supplements (such as Tums) over a period of weeks or months can cause milk-alkali syndrome, with symptoms ranging from hypercalcemia to potentially fatal kidney failure. What constitutes "excessive" consumption is not well known and, it is presumed, varies a great deal from person to person. Persons consuming more than 10 grams/day of CaCO3 (=4 g Ca) are at risk of developing milk-alkali syndrome, but the condition has been reported in at least one person consuming only 2.5 grams/day of CaCO3 (=1 g Ca), an amount usually considered moderate and safe. Although some studies have suggested that excessive intake of<unk>  in the diet or as supplements could be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, other studies found no risk, leading a review to conclude that any risk could only be ascertained with specific further research.<unk> s may contribute to the development of kidney stones. Acute<unk>  poisoning is rare, and difficult to achieve without administering<unk>  intravenously. For example, the oral median lethal dose (LD50) for rats for<unk>  carbonate and<unk>  chloride are 6.45 and 1.4 g/kg, respectively.
Calcium supplement
Phosphate supplement
Protein supplement
Bodybuilding supplement
Soft diet
Phosphate binder
Iron supplement
Low-fat diet