The most common complication associated with<unk>  placement appears to be infections with reported rates of 1–3%. Both surgical site and device infections are reported. When the infection involves the<unk>  itself,<unk>  removal is required and irrigation of the cavities with antiseptic solutions. In this scenario, placement of a new<unk>  is needed to avoid further tissue fibrosis and shortening of the penis. The rate of repeat surgeries or device replacements ranges from 6% to 13%. Other reported complications include perforation of the corpus cavernosum and urethra (0.1–3%), commonly occurring in patients with previous fibrosis, prosthesis erosion or extrusion, change in glans shape, hematoma, shortening of penis length, and device malfunction. Due to continuous improvement of surgical techniques and modifications of<unk> s, complication rates have dramatically decreased over time. To overcome post-operative penile shortening and to increase the perceived length of the penis and patient satisfaction, ventral and dorsal phalloplasty procedures in combination with<unk> s have been described. Modified glanulopexy has been proposed to prevent supersonic transporter deformity and glandular hypermobility which are possible complications of<unk> s. Sliding techniques in which the penis is cut and elongated with<unk> s have been performed in cases of severe penile shortening. However, these techniques had higher rates of complications and are currently avoided.
Penile implant
Genitoplasty
Vaginoplasty
Penis transplantation
Penile subincision
Genital reconstructive surgery
Otoplasty
Penoscrotal transposition