<unk>  is the most common endocrine disorder among women between the ages of 18 and 44. It affects approximately 2% to 20% of this age group depending on how it is defined. When someone is infertile due to lack of ovulation,<unk>  is the most common cause and could guide to patients' diagnosis. The earliest known description of what is now recognized as<unk>  dates from 1721 in Italy. The prevalence of<unk>  depends on the choice of diagnostic criteria. The World Health Organization estimates that it affects 116 million women worldwide as of 2010 (3.4% of women). Another estimate indicates that 7% of women of reproductive age are affected. Another study using the Rotterdam criteria found that about 18% of women had<unk> , and that 70% of them were previously undiagnosed. Prevalence also varies across countries due to lack of large-scale scientific studies; India, for example, has a purported rate of 1 in 5 women suffering from<unk> . There are few studies that have investigated the racial differences in cardiometabolic factors in women with<unk> . There is also limited data on the racial differences in the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in adolescents and young adults with<unk> . The first study to comprehensively examine racial differences discovered notable racial differences in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. African American women were found to be significantly more obese, with a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to white adult women with<unk> . It is important for the further research of racial differences among women with<unk> , to ensure that every woman that is affected by<unk>  has the available resources for management. Ultrasonographic findings of<unk> <unk> es are found in 8–25% of women non-affected by the syndrome. 14% women on oral contraceptives are found to have<unk> <unk> es.<unk> an cysts are also a common side effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs). There are few studies that have investigated the racial differences in cardiometabolic factors in women with<unk> .
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Gonadotropin-resistant ovary syndrome
Hyperprolactinaemia
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Lactational amenorrhea
Metabolic syndrome