The several forms of diabetes insipidus are: Central Central DI has many possible causes. According to the literature, the principal causes of central DI and their oft-cited approximate frequencies are as follows: * Idiopathic – 30% * Malignant or benign tumors of the brain or pituitary – 25% * Cranial surgery – 20% * Head trauma – 16% Nephrogenic Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is due to the inability of the kidney to respond normally to vasopressin. Dipsogenic Dipsogenic DI or primary polydipsia results from excessive intake of fluids as opposed to deficiency of arginine vasopressin. It may be due to a defect or damage to the thirst mechanism, located in the hypothalamus, or due to mental illness. Treatment with desmopressin may lead to water intoxication. Gestational Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy and the postpartum period. During pregnancy, women produce vasopressinase in the placenta, which breaks down antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Gestational DI is thought to occur with excessive production and/or impaired clearance of vasopressinase. Most cases of gestational DI can be treated with desmopressin (DDAVP), but not vasopressin. In rare cases, however, an abnormality in the thirst mechanism causes gestational DI, and desmopressin should not be used. Diabetes insipidus is also associated with some serious diseases of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. These cause DI by impairing hepatic clearance of circulating vasopressinase. It is important to consider these diseases if a woman presents with diabetes insipidus in pregnancy, because their treatments require delivery of the baby before the disease will improve. Failure to treat these diseases promptly can lead to maternal or perinatal mortality.
symptom of Chronic multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis
symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma
symptom of T-cell lymphoma
symptom of Cryptococcosis
symptom of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
symptoms of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
symptom of Lymphoma
symptom of Paracoccidioidomycosis