Testosterone is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system (specifically CYP3A isoforms) in the liver. There are certain drugs that increase or decrease the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and may cause increased or decreased levels of testosterone: * Enzyme inducersMay cause decreased levels of testosterone (and other sex steroid) levels: Phenobarbital and phenytoin (seizure medicines), rifampin (antibiotic), and alcohol. * Enzyme inhibitorsMay cause increased levels of testosterone: Nefazodone, fluoxetine, paroxetine (antidepressants), itraconazole, fluconazole, and other azole antifungals, cimetidine (an anti-ulcer agent that can cause gynecomastia in men because of this effect). Clarithromycin and other macrolide antibiotics, and protease inhibitors (HIV treatment). Testosterone can also alter the effects of other drugs: * Increases the blood thinning effect of warfarin; * Decreases the effectiveness of propranolol, a nonselective beta blocker used in the management of cardiovascular conditions; * Increases the effect of some oral medicines for diabetes and can cause dangerously low blood sugar levels. Because of these interactions, it is advised that trans men make their healthcare providers aware of their hormone therapy when this is relevant to their treatment for other medical issues.
Masculinizing hormone therapy
Feminizing hormone therapy
Estrogen deprivation therapy
Androgen deprivation therapy
Antihormone therapy
Transgender hormone therapy
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy
Androgen replacement therapy