Diagnosis of<unk>  is based upon the recovery of the pathogen or pathogens from the typically sterile sites in the mother or the baby. Unfortunately, as many half of pregnant women are asymptomatic with a gonorrhea<unk>  and other sexually transmitted<unk> s. Samples are obtained from urine, blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis of<unk>  can also be aided by the use of more nonspecific tests such as determining the total white blood cell count, cytokine levels and other blood tests and signs. Signs of<unk>  Notes References abnormal complete blood count looking for signs of<unk> in the blood:increased white cell count; presence of immature neutrophils increased C-reactive protein a chemical in the blood that showsthat the baby's immune system is actively reactingto<unk>  accessory muscle use using the intercostal muscles to assist inbreathing tachycardia a heart rate that is faster than normal bradycardia a heart rate that is slower than normal chest recession respiratory distress the baby has trouble breathing nasal flaring the baby's nostrils expandwhen it inhales expiratory grunt a sound of effort when the baby exhales apnea the baby stops breathing rash positive urine culture positive cerebral spinal fluid other positive cultures from eyes, ear canal, umbilicusaxilla anus lethargy the baby seems tired and has slow or no movements hypotonia the muscles seem flabby and weak hypothermia irritability infant appears uncomfortable andhas difficulty being soothed weak cry pneumonia poor perfusion poor circulation hypotension low blood pressure acidosis pH imbalance in the blood diarrhea water-like, unformed stools poor feeding oxygen requirement bulging fontanel the soft spot on the head is bulging seizures fever disseminated intravascular coagulation widespread clotting of blood kidney failure kidneys do not function bacteremia bacteria cultured from the bloodof the newborn Viral<unk>  Symptoms and the isolation of the virus pathogen the upper respiratory tract is diagnostic. Virus identification is specific immunologic methods and PCR. The presence of the virus can be rapidly confirmed by the detection of the virus antigen. The methods and materials used for identifying the RSV virus has a specificity and sensitivity approaching 85% to 95%. Not all studies confirm this sensitivity. Antigen detection has comparatively lower sensitivity rates that approach 65% to 75%. Protozoan<unk>  Congential malaria has its own set of signs: Signs of congenital malaria<unk>  Notes References splenomegaly enlarged speen fever anemia jaundice poor feeding hepatomegaly enlarged liver failure to thrive loose stools irritability hyperbilirubinemia central nervous system<unk>  splenic rupture kidney failure blackwater fever<unk>  withP. falciparum only<unk>  sepsis<unk>  sepsis of the newborn is an<unk>  that has spread through the entire body. The inflammatory response to this systematic<unk>  can be as serious as the<unk>  itself. In infants that weigh under 1500 g, sepsis is the most common cause of death. Three to four percent of infants per 1000 births contract sepsis. The mortality rate from sepsis is near 25%. Infected sepsis in an infant can be identified by culturing the blood and spinal fluid and if suspected, intravenous antibiotics are usually started. Lumbar puncture is controversial because in some cases it has found not to be necessary while concurrently, without it estimates of missing up to one third of infants with meningitis is predicted.
Neonatal infection
Neonatal sepsis
Birth trauma
Birth trauma 
Perinatal asphyxia
Low Birth Weight
Fetal warfarin syndrome
Antenatal depression