Pathophysiology Cross section through the wall of a hysterectomy specimen of a 30-year-old woman who reported chronic pelvic pain and<unk><unk>  bleeding. The endometrial surface is at the top of the image, and the serosa is at the bottom.Misplaced endometrial tissue proliferation in the myometrium<unk> s symptoms through different mechanisms.<unk>  menstrual contractions are<unk> d by prostaglandin, which is produced by normal endometrial tissue. Dysmenorrhea is the main characteristic for this disease which are the result for high prostaglandin levels. Endometrial proliferation is also led by estrogen; some treatments try to reduce its levels in order to decrease symptoms. Adenomyosis patients present with heavy menstrual bleeding due to the increase of endometrial tissue, greater degree of vascularization, atypical<unk>  contractions and increased levels of prostaglandins, estrogen and eicosanoids. Histopathology The diagnosis of adenomyosis is through a pathologist microscopically examining small tissue samples of the uterus. These tissue samples can come from a<unk>  biopsy or directly following a hysterectomy.<unk>  biopsies can be obtained by either a laparoscopic procedure through the abdomen or hysteroscopy through the vagina and cervix. The diagnosis is established when the pathologist finds invading clusters of endometrial tissue within the myometrium. Several diagnostic criterion can be used, but typically they require either the endometrial tissue to have invaded greater than 2% of the myometrium, or a minimum invasion depth between 2.5 and 8mm.Histopathological image of<unk>  adenomyosis observed in hysterectomy specimen. Hematoxylin & eosin stain. Gross Findings: #Enlarged uterus #Thickened<unk>  wall with trabeculated appearance #Hemorrhagic pinpoint or cystic spaces throughout wall Microscopic Findings: #Endometrial glands and stroma haphazardly distributed throughout myometrium #Concentric myometrial hyperplasia frequent around adenomyotic foci #Variants: Gland-poor, stroma-poor, intravascular Differential Diagnosis: #Adenomyoma #Myo-invasive endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (vs. stroma-poor adenomyosis) #Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (vs. gland-poor and intravascular adenomyosis)
medical cause of Abnormal uterine bleeding
symptom of Postpartum infections
medical cause of Postpartum bleeding
symptom of Postpartum bleeding
symptoms of Endometriosis
symptom of Endometriosis
symptom of Ectopic pregnancy
symptom of Ovarian cancer