<unk>  creates scar tissue. The scarring is permanent once it has developed. Slowing the progression and prevention depends on the underlying cause: * Treatment options for idiopathic<unk>  are very limited. Though research trials are ongoing, there is no evidence that any medications can significantly help this condition. Lung transplantation is the only therapeutic option available in severe cases. Since some types of lung<unk>  can respond to corticosteroids (such as prednisone) and/or other medications that suppress the body's immune system, these types of drugs are sometimes prescribed in an attempt to slow the processes that lead to<unk> . :The immune system is felt to play a central role in the development of many forms of<unk> . The goal of treatment with immune suppressive agents such as corticosteroids is to decrease lung inflammation and subsequent scarring. Responses to treatment are variable. Those whose conditions improve with immune suppressive treatment probably do not have idiopathic<unk> , for idiopathic<unk>  has no significant treatment or cure. * Two pharmacological agents intended to prevent scarring in mild idiopathic<unk>  are pirfenidone, which reduced reductions in the 1-year rate of decline in FVC. Pirfenidone also reduced the decline in distances on the 6-minute walk test, but had no effect on respiratory symptoms. The second agent is nintedanib, which acts as antifibrotic, mediated through the inhibition of a variety of tyrosine kinase receptors (including platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor). A randomized clinical trial showed it reduced lung-function decline and acute exacerbations. * Anti-inflammatory agents have only limited success in reducing the fibrotic process. Some of the other types of<unk> , such as non-specific interstitial pneumonia, may respond to immunosuppressive therapy such as corticosteroids. However, only a minority of patients respond to corticosteroids alone, so additional immunosuppressants, such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, penicillamine, and cyclosporine may be used. Colchicine has also been used with limited success. There are ongoing trials with newer drugs such as IFN-γ and mycophenolate mofetil. * Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a less severe form of<unk> , is prevented from becoming aggravated by avoiding contact with the causative material. * Oxygen supplementation improves the quality of life and exercise capacity. Lung transplantation may be considered for some patients.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Interstitial lung disease
Pneumoconiosis
Pulmonary hyperplasia
Pulmonary toxicity
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
Alveolar lung disease
Emphysema