Medications can produce important side effects, so interventions have been recommended to be closely monitored and families of patients to be informed of the different possible problems that can arise. Atypical antipsychotics are more effective than mood stabilizers, but have more side effects Typical antipsychotics may produce weight gains as well as other metabolic problems, including diabetes mellitus type 2 and hyperlipidemia. Extrapyramidal secondary effects may appear with these medications. These include tardive dyskinesia, a difficult-to-treat movement disorder (dyskinesia) that can appear after long-term use of anti-psychotics. Liver and kidney damage are a possibility with mood stabilizers. Psychological treatment usually includes some combination of education on the disease, group therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.<unk>  with bipolar disorder and their families are informed, in ways accordingly to their age and family role, about the different aspects of bipolar disorder and its management including causes, signs and symptoms and treatments. Group therapy aims to improve social skills and manage group conflicts, with role-playing as a critical tool. Finally, cognitive-behavioral training is directed towards the participants having a better understanding and control over their emotions and behaviors. BPD I, manic or mixed, without psychosis Stage 1: Monotherapy with a mood stabilizer (lithium, Divalproex, or carbamazepine), or atypical antipsychotic (olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone). Lithium or Divalproex is recommended for first-line treatment. Partial (minimal to moderate) improvement with monotherapy, augment with another of the first-line recommendations. Stage 2: Monotherapy with an alternative drug, then augmentation. Stage 3: Possible medication combinations--lithium plus Divalproex, lithium plus atypical, or Divalproex plus atypical. Stage 4: Combination of 2-3 mood stabilizers Stage 5: Alternate monotherapy with oxcarbazepine, ziprasidone, or aripiprazole (all Level D). Stage 6: For nonresponse or intolerable side effects--clozapine for<unk>  or adolescents, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for adolescents only. BPD I, manic or mixed, with psychosis Stage 1: Same as BPD I without psychosis except for first-line treatment warrants a combination of mood stabilizer and an atypical antipsychotic. Stages 2-4: Varying combinations and augmentations. Stage 5: Alternate monotherapy (oxcarbazepine) plus an atypical antipsychotic.<unk>  and Adolescents, 2005).
Bipolar disorder in children
Depression in childhood and adolescence
Childhood schizophrenia
Congenital athymia
Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood
Outline of bipolar disorder
Schizophrenia
Post-adoption depression syndrome