If the iliopsoas muscle is shortened, or a contracture is present, the lower extremity on the involved side will be unable to fully extend at the hip. This constitutes a positive<unk> . Sometimes, with a very flexible patient, the<unk>  will be normal despite a psoas dysfunction being present. However, in the patient with a normal hip joint, a positive<unk>  is a good indicator of psoas hypertonicity. Other signs from the<unk> : * opposite/ contralateral hip flexes without knee extension- tight iliopsoas * hip abducts during the<unk> - tight tensor fasciae latae * knee extension occurs- tight rectus femoris * Lateral rotation of tibia- tight biceps femoris The hip flexion contracture is physiologic in the first 3 months of life and if it is absent in this period it may be a sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip. It is used to identify unilateral fixed flexion deformity of the hip. The<unk>  consists of 3 steps: * Step 1: The patient lies supine on the examination table. The clinician passes the palm of her/his hand beneath the patient's spine to identify lumbar lordosis. * Step 2: The "unaffected" hip is flexed until the thigh just touches the abdomen to obliterate the lumbar lordosis. The pelvis should be in neutral (not tilted anteriorly or posteriorly). * Step 3: The clinician then passively ranges the affected hip into extension. Once the pelvis begins to tilt anteriorly, stop the passive range of motion, hold the affected thigh in this position, and measure the angle between the affected thigh and table to reveal the fixed flexion deformity of the hip.
Thomas test
Goldberg test
Tensilon test
Stenger test
Cover test
Rorschach test
Dix–Hallpike test
Tine test