While ultrasound is able to assess plaque morphology, it is limited in both specificity and sensitivity in assessing lipid-rich necrotic core, plaque hemorrhage, and ulceration when compared to the gold standard. When diagnosing<unk>  artery stenosis,<unk>  ultrasound has a lower sensitivity than MRA but is more sensitive than CTA. However, both CTA and MRA have a higher specificity. A major limitation of<unk>  ultrasound is a high degree of inter-/intraobserver variability; however, computerized algorithms used for evaluation of the intima-media thickness (IMT), a measure of plaque morphology, have helped minimize the degree of variability.<unk>  ultrasound is dependent on operator skill, and other noted areas of limitation are poor insonation angle, poor blood flow, and deep artery location. CEUS is prone to overinterpretation of vessel wall abnormalities, known as pseudoenhancement.
Carotid ultrasonography
Acoustic angiography
Vertebral artery test
Retinal vessel analysis
Intracoronary optical coherence tomography
Sphygmograph
Transcranial pulsed ultrasound
Digital variance angiography