is a noncommunicable condition and thus, does not pose any community risks in terms of infectiousness. Rather, NC is associated with increasing age and mostly affects individuals over the age of 60. Age is a major contributing factor to the onset of due to spinal degenerative changes that are brought by aging and the weakening of bones and ligaments in the lumbar area. is also more likely present in individuals with other spinal comorbidities. A history of spinal injuries or deformities is also a contributing factor to the increased likelihood of the onset of . Other factors such as exercise and bone density have also been found to be associated with . Increased exercise activity in the form of strength training has also been found to increase bone density, muscle strength and thus, decrease the likelihood of as aging occurs. One of the main causes of is the onset of in elderly patients. Relative to their respective age groups, 16% of individuals aged less than 40 experience whilst 38.8% of individuals aged over 60 experience . Between the ages of 60 and 69, the prevalence of relative to this population group is 47.2%. Data obtained from medical practitioners suggest that the incidence of is 5 cases per 100 000. This increased prevalence of as a consequence of aging, heavily contributes to the epidemiology and acquiring of . Among individuals with spinal stenosis, is present in greater than 90% of patients and present in almost half of patients that present with low back pain, with over 200,000 people being affected in the United States. The prevalence of and spinal stenosis in elderly men is also evident, with studies finding that roughly 1 in 10 elderly men experience leg pain in combination with low back pain (symptoms of ) and this incidence rate is also doubled in retirement communities. As the global life expectancy increases, the impact of spinal disease symptoms such as is likely to increase.
Neurogenic claudication
Intermittent claudication
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Raynaud syndrome
Popliteal artery aneurysm
Jaw claudication
Proximal diabetic neuropathy
Chronic venous insufficiency