<unk> ug, toxin, or chemical resistance is a consequence of evolution and is a response to pressures imposed on any living organism. Individual organisms vary in their sensitivity to the<unk> ug used and some with greater fitness may be capable of surviving<unk> ug treatment.<unk> ug-resistant traits are accordingly inherited by subsequent offspring, resulting in a population that is more<unk> ug-resistant. Unless the<unk> ug used makes sexual reproduction or cell-division or horizontal gene transfer impossible in the entire target population, resistance to the<unk> ug will inevitably follow. This can be seen in cancerous tumors where some cells may develop resistance to the<unk> ugs used in chemotherapy. Chemotherapy causes fibroblasts near tumors to produce large amounts of the protein WNT16B. This protein stimulates the growth of cancer cells which are<unk> ug-resistant. MicroRNAs have also been shown to affect acquired<unk>  in cancer cells and this can be used for therapeutic purposes. Malaria in 2012 has become a resurgent threat in South East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, and<unk> ug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum are posing massive problems for health authorities. Leprosy has shown an increasing resistance to dapsone. A rapid process of sharing resistance exists among single-celled organisms, and is termed horizontal gene transfer in which there is a direct exchange of genes, particularly in the biofilm state. A similar asexual method is used by fungi and is called "parasexuality". Examples of<unk> ug-resistant strains are to be found in microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, parasites both endo- and ecto-, plants, fungi, arthropods, mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians. In the domestic environment,<unk> ug-resistant strains of organism may arise from seemingly safe activities such as the use of bleach, tooth-brushing and mouthwashing, the use of antibiotics, disinfectants and detergents, shampoos, and soaps, particularly antibacterial soaps, hand-washing, surface sprays, application of deodorants, sunblocks and any cosmetic or health-care product, insecticides, and dips. The chemicals contained in these preparations, besides harming beneficial organisms, may intentionally or inadvertently target organisms that have the potential to develop resistance.
Drug resistance
Multiple drug resistance
Antimicrobial resistance
Antibiotic synergy
Resistance 
Vaccine resistance
Infectivity
Host adaptation