Diazoxide Diagram showing the area removed for surgery- pancreatectomy In terms of treatment, acute hypoglycemia is reversed by raising the blood glucose, but in most forms of<unk>  hypoglycemia recurs and the therapeutic effort is directed toward preventing falls and maintaining a certain glucose level. Some of the following measures are often tried: Corn starch can be used in feeding; unexpected interruptions of continuous feeding regimens can result in sudden hypoglycemia, gastrostomy tube insertion (requires a minor surgical procedure) is used for such feeding. Prolonged glucocorticoid use incurs the many unpleasant side effects of Cushing's syndrome, while diazoxide can cause fluid retention requiring concomitant use of a diuretic, and prolonged use causes hypertrichosis. Diazoxide works by opening the KATP channels of the beta cells. Octreotide must be given by injection several times a day or a subcutaneous pump must be inserted every few days, octreotide can cause abdominal discomfort and responsiveness to octreotide often wanes over time. Glucagon requires continuous intravenous infusion, and has a very short half-life. Nifedipine is effective only in a minority, and dose is often limited by hypotension. Pancreatectomy (removal of a portion or nearly all of the pancreas) is usually a treatment of last resort when the less-drastic medical measures fail to provide prolonged normal blood sugar levels. For some time, the most common surgical procedure was removal of almost all of the pancreas; this cured some infants but not all. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus commonly develops, though in many cases it occurs many years after the pancreatectomy. Later it was discovered that a sizeable minority of cases of mutations were focal, involving overproduction of insulin by only a portion of the pancreas. These cases can be cured by removing much less of the pancreas, resulting in excellent outcomes with fewer long-term problems.
Congenital hyperinsulinism
Leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia of infancy
Kosaki overgrowth syndrome
Idiopathic hypoglycemia
Insulinoma
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Glucagonoma