Deaths from<unk>  per million persons in 2012 Although<unk>  is more common in low-income countries, children from higher-income countries are also affected, including children from large urban areas in low socioeconomic neighborhoods. This may also occur in children with chronic diseases, and children who are institutionalized or hospitalized for a different diagnosis. Risk factors include a primary diagnosis of intellectual disability, cystic fibrosis, malignancy, cardiovascular disease, end stage renal disease, oncologic disease, genetic disease, neurological disease, multiple diagnoses, or prolonged hospitalization. In these conditions, the challenging nutritional management may get overlooked and underestimated, resulting in an impairment of the chances for recovery and the worsening of the situation. PEM is fairly common worldwide in both children and adults and accounts for 250 000 deaths annually. In the industrialized world, PEM is predominantly seen in hospitals, is associated with disease, or is often found in the elderly.
Protein–energy malnutrition
Malnutrition
Overnutrition
Fructose malabsorption
Protein poisoning
Glucose-galactose malabsorption
Bile acid malabsorption
Starvation