Need for bone surgery When bottom of the pocket is apical to the Mucogingival junction Aesthetic considerations, particularly in anterior region of Maxilla Dental/gingival morphologic characteristics and peri-oral variables influence patient's smile frame. They are essential in achieving a predictable successful rehabilitation of patient's smile. In males and females, the mean vertical height of the maxillary central incisors averages 10.6mm and 9.8mm respectively. With the lip line at rest, the mean maxillary incisors display is 1.91mm for men and 3.40mm for women (nearly double the amount). More recent studies have been done to confirm the statistically significant sexual dimorphism relative to the height of visible maxillary incisor crown at rest. The data from a study also clearly indicates that higher smile lines are more common among female, and lower smile patterns among male patients. A high smile line displays the entire crown of the tooth and an abundant amount of gingiva. Thus, this procedure can be viewed subjectively by some people as some degree of gingival display may be aesthetically pleasing and is considered youthful, and vice versa. Besides that, the harmony of the gingival outline between anterior and posterior segments may be affected. Some people are more prone to expose the maxillary teeth from second premolar of one side to another side of second premolar while smiling. Hence, there have been discussions in some cases whereby all teeth between the first molars are included in the procedure, especially in surgical crown lengthening, to achieve an aesthetically pleasing gingival architecture blending in harmoniously the gingival contours of the maxillary anterior and posterior teeth. Apart from that, “black triangles” are likely to develop in areas where there is labial or interproximal soft tissue recession. This leads to desired outcome.
Gingivectomy
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Tonsillectomy
Chondrolaryngoplasty
Frenuloplasty of tongue
Gingivoplasty
Pharyngeal flap surgery
Lingual frenectomy