The<unk>  <unk>  is used to measure the health status of older individuals; it serves as a proxy measure of aging and vulnerability to poor outcomes.<unk>  was developed by Dr. Kenneth Rockwood and Dr. Arnold Mitnitski at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.<unk>  is defined as the proportion of deficits present in an individual out of the total number of age-related health variables considered. A<unk>  can be created in most secondary data sources related to health by utilizing health deficits that are routinely collected in health assessments. These deficits include diseases, signs, symptoms, laboratory abnormalities, cognitive impairments, and disabilities in activities of daily living.<unk>  <unk>  = (number of health deficits present) ÷ (number of health deficits measured) For example, a person with 20 of 40 deficits collected has an<unk>  score of 20/40 = 0.5; whilst for someone with 10 deficits, the<unk>  score is 10/40 = 0.25. The<unk>  takes advantage of the high redundancy in the human organism. This is why it is replicable across different databases even when different items and different numbers of items are used. The standard procedure for creating a<unk>  are found in an open-access publication. There are several<unk>  indices, including a clinical deficits<unk>  <unk> -CD) and a biomarker-based<unk>  <unk> -B).
Frailty index
Thai frailty index
Alvarado score
NACA score
Vulnerability index
Kapandji score
Krenning score
Barthel scale