The estimated percentage of the population with a<unk>  varies based on the threshold used to define a deficiency. Percentage of US population Definition of insufficiency Study Reference 69.5% 25(OH)D less than 30 ng/mL Chowdury et al. 2014 77% 25(OH)D less than 30 ng/mL Ginde et al. 2009 36% 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/mL Ginde et al. 2009 6% 25(OH)D less than 10 ng/mL Ginde et al. 2009 Recommendations for 25(OH)D serum levels vary across authorities, and probably vary based on factors like age; calculations for the epidemiology of<unk>  depend on the recommended level used. A 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report set the sufficiency level at 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/l), while in the same year The Endocrine Society defined sufficient serum levels at 30 ng/ml and others have set the level as high as 60 ng/ml. As of 2011 most reference labs used the 30 ng/ml standard. Applying the IOM standard to NHANES data on serum levels, for the period from 1988 to 1994 22% of the US population was deficient, and 36% were deficient for the period between 2001 and 2004; applying the Endocrine Society standard, 55% of the US population was deficient between 1988 and 1994, and 77% were deficient for the period between 2001 and 2004. In 2011 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention applied the IOM standard to NHANES data on serum levels collected between 2001 and 2006, and determined that 32% of Americans were deficient during that period (8% at risk of deficiency, and 24% at risk of inadequacy).
Vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D toxicity
Endocrine bone disease
Metabolic bone disease
Disorders of calcium metabolism
Steroid-induced osteoporosis
Molybdenum deficiency
Mineral deficiency