Anti-inflammatory A highly selective reversible inhibitor of the COX-2 isoform of cyclooxygenase,<unk>  inhibits the transformation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin precursors. Therefore, it has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonselective NSAIDs (such as aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen) inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. Inhibition of COX-1 (which<unk>  does not inhibit at therapeutic concentrations) inhibits the production of prostaglandins and the production of thromboxane A2, a platelet activator. COX-1 is traditionally defined as a constitutively expressed "housekeeping" enzyme and plays a role in the protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa, kidney hemodynamics, and platelet thrombogenesis. COX-2, on the contrary, is extensively expressed in<unk> ls involved in inflammation and is upregulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides, cytokines, growth factors, and tumor promoters.<unk>  is approximately 10-20 times more selective for COX-2 inhibition over COX-1. It binds with its polar sulfonamide side chain to a hydrophilic side pocket region close to the active COX-2 binding site. In theory, this selectivity allows<unk>  and other COX-2 inhibitors to reduce inflammation (and pain) while minimizing gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions (e.g. stomach ulcers) that are common with nonselective NSAIDs. Anti-cancer For its use in reducing colon polyps,<unk>  affects genes and pathways involved in inflammation and malignant transformation in tumors, but not normal tissues.<unk>  binds to Cadherin-11 (which may explain the reduction in cancer progression).
Celecoxib
Aceclofenac
Ketoprofen
Diclofenac
Fenoprofen
Valdecoxib
Naproxen
Loxoprofen