Chemotherapy induced neutropenia Chemotherapy can cause myelosuppression and unacceptably low levels of white blood cells (leukopenia), making patients susceptible to infections and sepsis.<unk>  stimulates the production of<unk> s, a type of white blood cell. In oncology and hematology, a recombinant form of<unk>  is used with certain cancer patients to accelerate recovery and reduce mortality from neutropenia after chemotherapy, allowing higher-intensity treatment regimens. It is administered to oncology patients via subcutaneous or intravenous routes. A QSP model of neutrophil production and a PK/PD model of a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drug (Zalypsis) have been developed to optimize the use of<unk>  in chemotherapy regimens with the aim to prevent mild-neutropenia.<unk>  was first trialled as a therapy for neutropenia induced by chemotherapy in 1988. The treatment was well tolerated and a dose-dependent rise in circulating neutrophils was noted. A study in mice has shown that<unk>  may decrease bone mineral density.<unk>  administration has been shown to attenuate the telomere loss associated with chemotherapy. Use in drug-induced neutropenia Neutropenia can be a severe side effect of clozapine, an antipsychotic medication in the treatment of schizophrenia.<unk>  can restore neutrophil count. Following a return to baseline after stopping the drug, it may sometimes be safely rechallenged with the added use of<unk> . Before blood donation<unk>  is also used to increase the number of hematopoietic stem cells in the blood of the donor before collection by leukapheresis for use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For this purpose,<unk>  appears to be safe in pregnancy during implantation as well as during the second and third trimesters. Breastfeeding should be withheld for 3 days after CSF administration to allow for clearance of it from the milk. People who have been administered<unk> -stimulating factors do not have a higher risk of leukemia than people who have not. Stem cell transplants<unk>  may also be given to the receiver in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, to compensate for conditioning regimens.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Erythropoietin
Colony-stimulating factor
Hemopoietic growth factor
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Leukemia inhibitory factor
Filgrastim