At the Mayo Clinic,<unk>  transformed into multiple myeloma or similar lymphoproliferative disorders at the rate of about 1-2% a year, or 17%, 34%, and 39% at 10, 20, and 25 years, respectively, of follow-up—among surviving patients. However, because they were elderly, most patients with<unk>  died of something else and did not go on to develop multiple myeloma. When this was taken into account, only 11.2% developed lymphoproliferative disorders. Kyle studied the prevalence of myeloma in the population as a whole (not clinic patients) in Olmsted County, Minnesota. They found that the prevalence of<unk>  was 3.2% in people above 50, with a slight male predominance (4.0% vs. 2.7%). Prevalence increased with age: of people over 70 up to 5.3% had<unk> , while in the over-85 age group the prevalence was 7.5%. In the majority of cases (63.5%), the paraprotein level was <1 g/dl, while only a very small group had levels over 2 g/dl. A study of monoclonal protein levels conducted in Ghana showed a prevalence of<unk>  of approximately 5.9% in African men over the age of 50. In 2009, prospective data demonstrated that all or almost all cases of multiple myeloma are preceded by<unk> . In addition to multiple myeloma,<unk>  may also progress to Waldenström's macroglobulinemia or primary amyloidosis.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
AL amyloidosis
Secondary systemic amyloidosis
Familial renal amyloidosis
Waldenström macroglobulinemia
AA amyloidosis
Multiple myeloma