Although a few concerns have been raised (see below), the long term outcomes are generally good with little risk of neurological problems or epilepsy. Those who have one febrile seizure have an approximately 30- 40% chance of having another one in the next two years, with the risk being greater in those who are younger. Simple febrile seizures do not tend to recur frequently (children tend to outgrow them) and are associated with a slight increase in later epilepsy (about 2-3%) compared with the general public without febrile seizures (1%) As noted above, children with a first febrile convulsion are more likely to have a recurrent febrile seizure if they were young at their first seizure (less than 18 months old), have a family history of a febrile convulsions in first-degree relatives (a parent or sibling), have a short time between the onset of<unk>  and the seizure, had a low degree of<unk>  before their seizure, or have a history of abnormal neurological signs or developmental delay. Children with a first prolonged febrile seizure are not at increased risk of a recurrent febrile seizure; however, if there is a recurrence, it is also likely to be prolonged. Similarly, the overall prognosis after a complex febrile seizure is usually excellent. About 10-15% will eventually develop epilepsy but 85-90% will not. A single, very large study from Denmark suggested that, compared with the normal population, children with complex febrile seizures had a slightly increased risk of death in the two years after their first febrile seizure. This increase appeared mostly to be related to the development of epilepsy or low birth weight, neonatal asphxyia and congenital malformations. Once two years had passed since their first febrile seizure, children with complex febrile seizures no longer had an increased risk of death. Another, very large study from Denmark has explored the relationship between febrile seizures and subsequent psychiatric disorders. “Compared to the group of children without seizures, the risk of developing a psychiatric disorder was marginally elevated for children with a history of febrile seizures” during the ~20 years after the febrile seizures. A continuing controversial issue is the relationship between prolonged febrile seizures and temporal lobe epilepsy. This issue began with the observation that patients with drug resistant epilepsy beginning in one of their temporal lobes often showed the pathologic features of hippocampal sclerosis when the temporal lobe was surgically removed. The hippocampus is a part of the temporal lobe that is important for memory formation). Patients with hippocampal sclerosis often had preceding, very long febrile seizures in infancy (Febrile Status Epilepticus FSE). Studies with very long, intense seizures in baboons found that the temporal lobe could be damaged by these seizures. However, not all hippocampal sclerosis is associated with FSE. Major questions that remain incompletely answered are: how often do prolonged febrile seizures cause hippocampal sclerosis and how many children with hippocampal sclerosis develop drug resistant epilepsy? The first question has been addressed by two major studies. One MRI study of children with FSE (FEBSTAT) (>1 hour in most) found about 10% of children have one-sided hippocampal swelling within a few days of the febrile prolonged seizure. A year later about half of those with early hippocampal swelling had hippocampal sclerosis suggesting that about 5% of children with very long febrile seizure later develop hippocampal sclerosis. How many of these children will develop drug resistant epilepsy is still unknown. Another MRI study found that shortly after FSE, swelling of both hippocampi was common but this resolved 4–8 months later without mesial temporal sclerosis. One long follow up study suggested that the risk of febrile status followed by hippocampal sclerosis and intractable temporal lobe epilepsy is low - approximately one of<unk> y 150 children.
complications of Fever
symptom of Sepsis
complications of Sepsis
symptom of Arrhythmia
complications of Bad breath
symptom of Leukemia
symptoms of Arrhythmia
symptom of Tetanus