<unk> , sold under the brand name Leustatin, among others, is a medication used to treat hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.<unk> , sold under the brand name Mavenclad, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with highly active forms of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.<unk>  (2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine<unk>  is a purine analogue that selectively targets and suppresses lymphocytes implicated in the underlying pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and B-cell leukaemia. Chemically, it mimics the nucleoside adenosine. However, unlike adenosine, it is relatively resistant to breakdown by the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which causes it to accumulate in targeted cells and interfere with the cell's ability to process DNA.<unk>  is taken up by cells via transporter proteins. Once inside a cell,<unk>  undergoes phosphorylation by the enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) to produce mononucleotide 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine 5’monophosphate <unk> MP), which is subsequently phosphorylated to the triphosphorylated active compound 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine 5’triphosphate <unk> TP). Activated<unk>  is incorporated into cellular DNA, which triggers apoptosis. Accumulation of<unk>  into cells is dependent on the ratio of<unk> TP and 5'-nucleotidase (5’-NT), which breaks down and inactivates the compound. This ratio differs between cell types, with high levels in T and B lymphocytes, resulting in selective targeting of these cells. In contrast,<unk> TP:5'NT is relatively low in other cell types, thus sparing numerous non-haematological cells.
Cladribine
Ifosfamide
Fludarabine
Cytarabine
Clofarabine
Vincristine
Nelarabine
Cyclophosphamide