According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), eating food or drinking water contaminated with high levels of coal tar<unk>  may cause a burning in the mouth and throat, and stomach pains. ATSDR also states that brief direct contact with large amounts of coal tar<unk>  may result in a rash or severe irritation of the skin, chemical burns of the surfaces of the eyes, convulsions and mental confusion, kidney or liver problems, unconsciousness, and even death. Longer direct skin contact with low levels of<unk>  mixtures or their vapours can result in increased light sensitivity, damage to the cornea, and skin damage. Longer exposure to<unk>  vapours can cause irritation of the respiratory tract. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that coal tar<unk>  is probably carcinogenic to humans, based on adequate animal evidence and limited human evidence. It is instructive to note that the animal testing relied upon by IARC involved the continuous application of<unk>  to the shaved skin of rodents. After weeks of<unk>  application, the animals developed cancerous skin lesions and in one test, lesions of the lung. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has stated that coal tar<unk>  is a probable human carcinogen based on both human and animal studies. As a result, the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a permissible exposure limit of 0.2 milligrams of coal tar<unk>  per cubic meter of air (0.2 mg/m3) in the workplace during an 8-hour day, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that spills or accidental releases into the environment of one pound (0.454 kg) or more of<unk>  be reported to them. There is no unique exposure pathway of children to<unk> . Children exposed to<unk>  will probably experience the same health effects seen in adults exposed to<unk> . It is unknown whether children differ from adults in their susceptibility to health effects from<unk> . A 2005 mortality study of<unk>  workers found no evidence supporting an increased risk of cancer death, as a result of exposure to<unk> . Based on the findings of the largest mortality study to date of workers employed in<unk>  wood treating plants, there is no evidence that employment at<unk>  wood-treating plants or exposure to<unk> -based preservatives was associated with any significant mortality increase from either site-specific cancers or non-malignant diseases. The study consisted of 2,179 employees at eleven plants in the United States where wood was treated with<unk>  preservatives. Some workers began work in the 1940s to 1950s. The observation period of the study covered 1979- 2001. The average length of employment was 12.5 years. One third of the study subjects were employed for over 15 years. The largest health effect of<unk>  is deaths caused by residential chimney fires due to chimney tar<unk>  build-up. This is entirely unconnected with its industrial production or use.
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