A simple classification scheme for<unk> . Sleep and dream<unk> s are distinguished from waking consciousness since they account for substantially different ways of the ability of memory formation and retrieval. Psychiatric diseases that go along with persistent changes of consciousness, like schizophrenia, are covered with the term "pathological conditions". In contrast, the classification scheme includes intended and induced<unk> s as well as general fluctuations of neurotransmission, which are reversible and short-termed. One step further the graph suggests splitting induced<unk> s in persistent and reversible<unk> s. Translated from German Schmidt & Majic. A classification of<unk>  is helpful if one wants to compare or differentiate between induced<unk> s and other variations of consciousness. Various researchers have attempted the classification into a broader framework. The attempts of classification discussed in the following focus on slightly different aspects of<unk> s. Several authors suggested classification schemata with regard to the genesis of altered<unk> s and with regard to the type of experiences: A classification with five categories was suggested by Vaitl to distinguish<unk> s according to how they were induced: * Pathological (Epilepsy, brain damage) * Pharmacological (psychoactive substances) * Physical and physiological (fasting and sex) * Psychological (music, meditation, hypnosis) * Spontaneous (day-dreaming and near death experience) Vaitl further suggests four basic aspects of experiences: (1) activation (2) awareness span (3) self-awareness (4) sensory dynamics. Alternatively Roland Fischer suggests a classification along ergotropic (i.e., ecstasy) or trophotropic (i.e., meditation) properties. The work of Adolph Dittrich aimed to empirically determine common underlying dimensions of consciousness alterations induced by different methods, such as drugs or non-pharmacological methods. He suggested three basic dimensions, which were termed: (1) oceanic boundlessness (2) dread of ego dissolution (3) visionary restructuralization. Further, Ken Wilber proposes a multidimensional system and adds that the individual experience of an<unk>  is shaped by a person's unique psychological development. Michael Winkelman identifies four different "modes of consciousness": (1) the waking mode (2) the deep sleep mode (3) the REM sleep / dreaming mode (4) the integrative mode. Within this framework, many<unk> s (psychedelics, hypnosis, meditation, etc.) are defined as belonging to the integrative mode.
Altered state of consciousness
Altered level of consciousness
Snatiation
Psychomotor agitation
Transient loss of consciousness
Confusion
Clouding of consciousness
Somnolence