Scientists are studying different populations and relationships to try to learn more about the disease. They have found associations with different groups but it is not yet clear what the underlying factors are and how they affect different peoples around the world. * Glaucoma patients. While<unk>  and glaucoma are believed to be related, there are cases of persons with<unk>  without glaucoma, and persons with glaucoma without<unk> . Generally, a person with<unk>  is considered as having a risk of developing glaucoma, and vice versa. One study suggested that the<unk>  was present in 12% of glaucoma patients. Another found that<unk>  was present in 6% of an "open-angle glaucoma" group.<unk>  is considered to be the most common of identifiable causes of glaucoma. If<unk>  is diagnosed without glaucoma, there is a high risk of a patient subsequently developing glaucoma. * Country and region. Prevalence of<unk>  varies by geography. In Europe, differing levels of<unk>  were found; 5% in England, 6% in Norway, 4% in Germany, 1% in Greece, and 6% in France. One contrary report suggested that levels of<unk>  were higher among Greek people. One study of a county in Minnesota found that the prevalence of<unk>  was 25.9 cases per 100,000 people. It is reportedly high in northern European countries such as Norway, Sweden and Finland, as well as among the Sami people of northern Europe, and high among Arabic populations, but relatively rare among African Americans and Eskimos. In southern Africa, prevalence was found to be 19% of patients in a glaucoma clinic attending to persons of the Bantu tribes. * Race. It varies considerably according to race. * Gender. It affects women more than men. One report was that women were three times more likely than men to develop<unk> . * Age. Older persons are more likely to develop<unk> . And persons younger than 50 are highly unlikely to have<unk> . A study in Norway found that the prevalence of<unk>  of persons aged 50–59 was 0.4% while it was 7.9% for persons aged 80–89 years. If a person is going to develop<unk> , the average age in which this will happen is between 69 and 75 years, according to the Norwegian study. A second corroborating report suggested that it happens primarily to people 70 and older. While older people are more likely to develop<unk> , it is not seen as a "normal" part of aging. * Other diseases. Sometimes<unk>  is associated with the development of medical problems other than merely glaucoma. There are conflicting reports about whether<unk>  is associated with problems of the heart or brain; one study suggested no correlations while other studies found statistical links with Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, cerebral atrophy, chronic cerebral ischemia, stroke, transient ischemic attacks, heart disease, and hearing loss.
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Trench nephritis
Shunt nephritis
Focal proliferative nephritis
Lupus nephritis
Malarial nephropathy
HIV-associated nephropathy
Diffuse proliferative nephritis