Treatment for<unk>  (JNA) is primarily surgical. The tumor is primarily excised by external or endoscopic approach. Medical treatment and radiation therapy are only of historical interest. External approaches: * transpalatine approach * transpalatine + sublabial (Sardana's) Approach * infratemporal Approach * nasal endoscopic Approach * transmaxillary Approach * maxillary swing Approach or Facial translocation Endoscopic approach is an excellent tool in primary and recurrent JNA, it allows visualisation and precise removal of the lesion. Preoperative embolisation of tumour may be of some use in reducing intraoperative bleeding. Direct visualization is not common- # If the tumor is limited to nasopharynx and nose, for endoscopic approach or Wilson's transpalatal approach is used. It can be extended into Sardana's approach if the tumor extends laterally. # For tumors of infratemporal fossa, Maxillary Swing approach is used. # Transmaxillary Le Fort 1 approach is used for tumors extending into maxillary and ethmoid sinuses and pterygopalatine fossa. # If the tumor extend up to the cheek, for Weber–Ferguson approach should be used.
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Laryngeal cyst
Nasopharyngeal cyst
Laryngeal papillomatosis
Laryngocele
Thyroglossal cyst
Parapharyngeal abscess
Nasal glioma