<unk> es, also termed hypersensitivity to<unk> <unk> s, are excessive reactions of varying severity to<unk> <unk> s. Circumscribed erythema related to severe<unk> . They are<unk> c hypersensitivity reactions caused by the non-toxic<unk> nic proteins contained in the saliva injected by a female<unk>  (male<unk> s do not take blood-meals) at the time it takes its blood meal, and are not caused by any toxin or pathogen. By general agreement,<unk> es do not include the ordinary wheal and flare responses to these<unk> s although these reactions are also<unk> c in nature. Ordinary<unk> es are nonetheless detailed here because they are the best understood reactions to<unk> <unk> s and provide a basis for describing what is understood about them.<unk> es are informally classified as 1) the skeeter syndrome, i.e., severe local skin reactions sometimes associated with low-grade fever; 2) systemic reactions that range from high-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain, and/or diarrhea to, very rarely, life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis; and 3) severe and often systemic reactions occurring in individuals that have an Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease, Epstein-Barr virus-negative lymphoid malignancy, or another predisposing condition such as eosinophilic cellulitis or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The term papular urticaria is commonly used for a reaction to<unk> <unk> s that is dominated by widely spread hives. Here, papular urticaria is regarded as a symptom of<unk>  manifested in individuals with one of the other<unk> es but particularly in those associated with eosinophilic cellulitis.<unk> s belong to the biological order of Diptera (which includes all two-winged insects), suborder Nematocera, family Culicidea. There are >3,500 different<unk>  species with the Aedes and Culex genera being common in North America. It is assumed that any species of<unk>  that causes an ordinary<unk> <unk>  reaction in humans is capable of causing<unk> es. In addition to<unk> es, the Diptera order includes numerous other types of biting insects such as midges (e.g. sand flies) and gnats.<unk> s by the latter insects or possibly some other insects may cause reactions that are mechanistically and clinically similar to those seen with<unk> <unk> s.<unk> es occur more often where insect<unk> s are frequent. Consequently, cases (as well as various other<unk> c disorders) are more prevalent in tropical climates, underdeveloped areas, areas dominated by poverty, poor hygiene, and/or unawareness of these diseases, and urban areas plagued by social inequality, juvenile delinquency, and violence. That is, not only climate but also cultural and socioeconomic conditions play critical roles in facilitating the development and prevalence of diverse<unk> c disease including<unk> es.
Mosquito bite allergy
Oral mite anaphylaxis
Insect sting allergy
Laboratory animal allergy
Shellfish allergy
Garlic allergy
Wheat allergy
Dust mite allergy