The presence of<unk>  antibodies (aPL) in the absence of blood clots or pregnancy-related complications does not indicate<unk>  (see below for the diagnosis of<unk> .<unk>  can cause arterial or venous blood clots, in any organ system, or pregnancy-related complications. In<unk>  patients, the most common venous event is deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, and the most common arterial event is stroke. In pregnant women affected by<unk> , there is an increased risk of recurrent miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth. A frequent cause of such complications is placental infarctions. In some cases,<unk>  seems to be the leading cause of mental and/or development retardation in the newborn, due to an aPL-induced inhibition of trophoblast differentiation. The<unk>  responsible for most of the miscarriages in later trimesters seen in concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. Other common findings, although not part of the<unk>  classification criteria, are low platelet count, heart valve disease, and livedo reticularis. There are also associations between<unk>  antibodies and different neurologic manifestations including headache, migraine, epilepsy, and dementia. Some studies have shown the presence of<unk>  antibodies in the blood and spinal fluid of patients with psychological symptoms. Cancer is also observed to comorbid in patients with<unk> .
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
Acquired haemophilia
Antithrombin III deficiency
Sticky platelet syndrome
Congenital hypofibrinogenemia