It has been demonstrated that the adenoviridae vector<unk>  can be used to make vaccinations that are protective against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in mice and able to induce immune response against MERS in humans. The vector was also used to create a vaccine against Nipah which was effective in hamsters (but never proven in humans), in addition to a potential vaccine for Rift Valley Fever that was protective in sheep, goats, and cattle (but not proven in humans). The adenovirus expressing the antigen 85A<unk>  85A), is used as vector for a tuberculosis vaccine candidate. In 2017, the<unk>  vector was used in a trial for a vaccine candidate against human malaria infection. The researchers studied two candidate vaccines<unk>  LS2 along with MVA LS2. The former, encoding a malaria liver-stage dual antigen LS2 (LSA1 and LSAP2) fused with the transmembrane domain from shark invariant chain. And the latter, a Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector encoding the LS2 fused to the C-terminal end of the leader sequence of tPA. The trial reached the phase I/IIa. There are also investigation lines that use the vector for vaccines against the Zika virus<unk>  ZIKV) and the Chikungunya virus<unk>  sCHIKV). The<unk>  vector has been used as a platform for a vaccine against coronavirus disease since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sarah Gilbert leads the work on this vaccine candidate alongside Andrew Pollard, Teresa Lambe, Sandy Douglas, Catherine Green and Adrian Hill. The COVID-19 vaccine, known now as<unk>  nCoV-19 or AZD1222, makes use of this vector, which stimulates an immune response against the coronavirus spike protein. Animal studies began in March 2020, and recruitment of 510 human participants for a phase I/II trial began on 27 March, and the results were presented in October. On 30 December 2020, the vaccine was approved for use in the UK's vaccination programme.
ChAdOx1
CYP1A2
Caspase-9
P14arf
CYP2J2
CYP1A1
CYP3A5
CYP3A4