The disease is caused by a genetic disorder which results in a defect in a protein called<unk>  A. A mutation in the<unk>  gene causes the loss of an amino acid, glutamic acid, in the<unk>  A protein.<unk>  A is an evolutionarily conserved AAA+ ATPase. The defective protein creates a disruption in communication in neurons that control muscle movement and muscle control. This mutation is most usually inherited from a parent, but can occur sporadically. The disease is caused by a dominant allele, meaning that the person affected needs only one copy of the mutated<unk>  gene to have symptoms. However, only 30 to 40 percent of those that do have the gene actually have symptoms, leading researchers to believe that there are other factors involved.
Torsion dystonia
Myoclonic dystonia
Focal dystonia
Holmes tremor
Tardive dyskinesia
Oromandibular dystonia
Dopamine-responsive dystonia
Klumpke paralysis