<unk>  is a belief that starts from the premise that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things." Where<unk>  explicitly invokes a vital principle, that element is often referred to as the "vital spark," "energy," or "élan vital," which some equate with the soul. In the 18th and 19th centuries<unk>  was discussed among biologists, between those who felt that the known mechanics of physics would eventually explain the difference between life and non-life and<unk> s who argued that the processes of life could not be reduced to a mechanistic process.<unk>  biologists such as Johannes Reinke proposed testable hypotheses meant to show inadequacies with mechanistic explanations, but their experiments failed to provide support for<unk> . Biologists now consider<unk>  in this sense to have been refuted by empirical evidence, and hence regard it either as a superseded scientific theory, or, since the mid-20th century, as a pseudoscience.<unk>  has a long history in medical philosophies: many traditional healing practices posited that disease results from some imbalance in vital forces.
Vitalism
Food addiction
Sexual addiction
Piquerism
Gigantism
Bruxism
Priapism
Sickness behavior