Urologic disease can involve congenital or acquired dysfunction of the<unk> . As an example,<unk>  tract obstruction is a urologic disease that can cause<unk>  retention. Diseases of the kidney tissue are normally treated by nephrologists, while diseases of the<unk>  tract are treated by urologists. Gynecologists may also treat female<unk>  incontinence. Diseases of other bodily systems also have a direct effect on urogenital function. For instance, it has been shown that protein released by the kidneys in diabetes mellitus sensitizes the kidney to the damaging effects of hypertension. Diabetes also can have a direct effect in urination due to peripheral neuropathies, which occur in some individuals with poorly controlled blood sugar levels.<unk>  incontinence can result from a weakening of the pelvic floor muscles caused by factors such as pregnancy, childbirth, aging, and being overweight. Findings recent systematic reviews demonstrate that behavioral therapy generally results in improved<unk>  incontinence outcomes, especially for stress and urge UI, than medications alone. Pelvic floor exercises known as Kegel exercises can help in this condition by strengthening the pelvic floor. There can also be underlying medical reasons for<unk>  incontinence which are often treatable. In children, the condition is called enuresis. Some cancers also target the<unk> , including bladder cancer, kidney cancer, ureteral cancer, and urethral cancer. Due to the role and location of these organs, treatment is often complicated.
Urinary system
Peripheral nervous system
Reproductive system
Nervous system
Central nervous system
Genitourinary system
Integumentary system
Enteric nervous system