In high risk populations, male<unk>  has been shown to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from HIV+ women to men. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reiterated that male<unk>  is an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention if carried out by medical professionals under safe conditions.<unk>  reduces the risk that a man will acquire HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from an infected female partner through vaginal sex. The evidence regarding whether<unk>  helps prevent HIV is not as clear among men who have sex with men (MSM). The effectiveness of using<unk>  to prevent HIV in the developed world is not determined.
Circumcision and HIV
Breastfeeding and HIV
HIV and pregnancy
Religion and HIV/AIDS
Domestic violence and pregnancy
Alcohol and pregnancy
Alcohol and breast cancer
Smoking and pregnancy