Although research is ongoing, currently there is no genetic-level cure for the myriad of mutations that cause the various presentations of<unk> . Common current management focuses on interventions prevent the body from inappropriately destroying the functional spherocytes produced by erythrocyte progenitor cells within the bone marrow. Typical treatment options include: * Splenectomy (operative): This is the operative removal of the entire spleen by a surgeon, thus stopping the extravascular hemolysis, but also removing the immune functions the spleen naturally provide to the body. * Partial splenectomy (operative): This is when only a section of the spleen is removed, instead of the entire organ. The goal is to lower the extravascular hemolysis to a level compatible with homeostasis of the patient, while preserving the immune function of the spleen's presence. Research on outcomes is currently ongoing, and is routine at children's hospitals within the United States of America. * Splenic ablation (interventional radiology): This option is non-operative, and is when an interventional radiologist (instead of a surgeon) uses radiologic techniques to coil or cauterize vasculature within the splenic circulation. There are various points in the circulatory pathway where the treatment can be applied to produces varying amounts of retained viability of the spleen, thus giving the option to attempt to preserve splenic immune function. All operative and interventional treaments require the immunization of<unk>  patients against the influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and meningococcus. Antibiotics are no longer recommended for maintenance use, even in post-splenectomy<unk>  patients. Since the spleen is important for protecting against encapsulated organisms, sepsis caused by encapsulated organisms is a possible complication of splenectomy. Additional elective treatments offered: * Surgical removal of the gallbladder. Experimental treatment: * Bone marrow transplant (heme-oncology intervention): The replacement of the bone marrow with bone marrow from an individual without<unk> . The transplanted progenitor cells do not have the genetic mutations found in individuals with<unk> , and therefore do not produce spherocytes. This results in an individual with biconcave-disc-shaped erythrocytes. This treatment is not standard of care, and is not offered as it has only been documented incidentally during treatment for other diseases, such as myelodysplastic sydnrome. Symptomatic treatments: * Folic acid supplementation.
Hereditary spherocytosis
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Hereditary elliptocytosis
Congenital hemolytic anemia
Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Alpha-thalassemia