<unk>  <unk>  was introduced by Muller and Dammann in 1951 as a surgical technique to reduce excessive pulmonary blood flow in infants suffering from congenital heart defects.<unk>  is a palliative operation as it does not correct the problems, but attempts to improve abnormal heart function, relieve symptoms and reduce high pressure in the lungs. The use of<unk>  has decreased over the years due to advancements in definitive surgical repairs, however<unk>  still has widespread clinical use.<unk>  is commonly used in patients when definitive surgical repair is not feasible.
Pulmonary artery banding
Arterial switch operation
Blalock–Taussig shunt
Atrial septostomy
Atriocaval shunt
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation
Aortic valvuloplasty
Aortopexy