<unk> , also known as reading disorder, is a disorder characterized by reading below the expected level for their age. Different people are affected to different degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school. When someone who previously could read loses their ability, it is known as alexia. The difficulties are involuntary and people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn. People with<unk>  have higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental language disorders, and difficulties with numbers.<unk>  is believed to be caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases run in families.<unk>  that develops due to a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia is called "acquired<unk> ". The underlying mechanisms of<unk>  result from differences within the brain's language processing.<unk>  is diagnosed through a series of tests of memory, vision, spelling, and reading skills.<unk>  is separate from reading difficulties caused by hearing or vision problems or by insufficient teaching or opportunity to learn. Treatment involves adjusting teaching methods to meet the person's needs. While not curing the underlying problem, it may decrease the degree or impact of symptoms. Treatments targeting vision are not effective.<unk>  is the most common learning disability and occurs in all areas of the world. It affects 3–7% of the population; however, up to 20% of the general population may have some degree of symptoms. While<unk>  is more often diagnosed in boys, this is partly explained by a self-fulfilling 'referral bias' among teachers and professionals. It has even been suggested that the condition affects men and women equally. Some believe that<unk>  is best considered as a different way of learning, with both benefits and downsides.
Dyslexia
Hearing loss
Diplophonia
Visual impairment
Dysgraphia
Reading
Social-emotional agnosia
Misophonia