This syndrome is characterized by sensory deficits that affect the trunk and extremities contralaterally (opposite to the lesion), and sensory deficits of the face and cranial nerves ipsilaterally (same side as the lesion). Specifically a loss of pain and temperature sensation if the lateral spinothalamic tract is involved. The cross body finding is the chief symptom from which a diagnosis can be made. Patients often have difficulty walking or maintaining balance (ataxia), or difference in temperature of an object based on which side of the body the object of varying temperature is touching. Some patients may walk with a slant or suffer from skew deviation and illusions of room tilt. The nystagmus is commonly associated with vertigo spells. These vertigo spells can result in falling, caused from the involvement of the region of Deiters’ nucleus. Common symptoms with<unk>  may include difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia. This can be caused by the involvement of the nucleus , as it supplies the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. Slurred speech (dysarthria), and disordered vocal quality (dysphonia) are also common. The damage to the cerebellum or the inferior cerebellar peduncle can cause ataxia. Damage to the hypothalamospinal fibers disrupts sympathetic nervous system relay and gives symptoms that are similar to the symptoms caused by Horner's syndrome – such as miosis, anhidrosis and partial ptosis. Palatal myoclonus, the twitching of the muscles of the mouth, may be observed due to disruption of the central tegmental tract. Other symptoms include: hoarseness, nausea, vomiting, a decrease in sweating, problems with body temperature sensation, dizziness, difficulty walking, and difficulty maintaining balance.<unk>  can also cause bradycardia, a slow heart rate, and increases or decreases in the patients average blood pressure. diffusion weighted MRI image showing an acute left sided dorsal lateral<unk>  infarct Based on location + Features of<unk>  Dysfunction Effects Vestibular nuclei Vestibular system: Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus Inferior cerebellar peduncle Ipsilateral cerebellar signs including ataxia, dysmetria (past pointing), dysdiadochokinesia Central tegmental tract Palatal myoclonus Lateral spinothalamic tract Contralateral deficits in pain and temperature sensation from body (limbs and torso) Spinal trigeminal nucleus & tract Ipsilateral deficits in pain and temperature sensation from face Nucleus ambiguus - (which affects vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve) - localizing lesion (all other deficits are present in lateral pontine syndrome as well) Ipsilateral laryngeal, pharyngeal, and palatal hemiparalysis: dysphagia, hoarseness, absent gag reflex (efferent limb—CN X) Descending sympathetic fibers Ipsilateral Horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, & anhidrosis)
Lateral medullary syndrome
Medial medullary syndrome
Occipital horn syndrome
Central cord syndrome
Anterior spinal artery syndrome
Lateral pontine syndrome
Vascular myelopathy
Vestibulocerebellar syndrome