The preferred treatment for<unk>  is surgery followed by radiotherapy to prevent recurrence of the tumor. Surgical approaches Several surgical approaches have been described, but post-excision recurrence rates have remained relatively high. Studies suggest better results with a bilateral approach. For cases with cribriform plate involvement, tumors are resected bilaterally using a transfacial and craniotomy approach. In a research study, the craniofacial approach decreased recurrence of<unk>  by 20%. Craniofacial resection can help preserve the optic nerves and brain while removing the cribriform plate, olfactory bulb, dura surrounding the bulb and even the orbital periosteum. Radiotherapy Radiotherapy alone is reserved only for small lesions not appropriate for either surgery or chemotherapy. Both photon and proton radiotherapy have been used effectively to treat<unk> . Proton radiotherapy has recently been shown to be effective in a 10-person study with Kadish C tumors, while delivering less toxicity to the nervous system. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is used in a multimodality treatment plan generally for more advanced, unresectable or reoccurring tumors. Cyclophosphamide, vincristine and doxorubicin have been used as neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs for grade C<unk>  before surgical resection, producing fair outcomes. Cisplatin and etoposide are often used to treat<unk>  as neoadjuvants or adjuvants with radiotherapy or surgery. Study results are promising. In advanced stage<unk>  in pediatric patients, where surgery is no longer possible, aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy has resulted in some tumor control and long-term survival.
Esthesioneuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Nesidioblastoma
Neuroma
Mycetoma
Hamartoma
Neurofibroma
Melanocytoma