Complications that occur rarely or very rarely following<unk>  include: eye infection, hemorrhage in case of scleral perforation, muscle slip or detachment, or even loss of vision. Eye infection occurs at a rate between 1 in 1100 and 1 in 1900 and can lead to permanent loss of vision if not properly treated. Surgeons take many measures to prevent infection such as careful surgical draping, using povidone iodine as both drops and a solution to soak the sutures in, as well as a post-op course of steroids and antibiotics. There is generally minimal bleeding during<unk> , but medications such as anti-platelet agents and anticoagulants can lead to vision threatening complications retrobulbar hemorrhage. Diplopia Diplopia, or double vision, occurs commonly after<unk> . Although the<unk>  can be used to treat some types of double vision, it can instead end up making existing symptoms worse or create a new type of double vision. The type of double vision can be horizontal, vertical, torsional, or a combination. Treatment of the double vision depends on both the type of double vision and the ability of two eyes to work together, also called binocular function. Diplopia with normal binocular function is treated with prism glasses, botulinum injections into the muscles, or repeated<unk> . If binocular function is not normal, a more individualized approach is necessary to best suit the patient's needs. Scarring Eye muscle<unk>  gives rise to scarring (fibrosis) as a result of the trauma caused to the ocular tissues. The goal of<unk>  is to produce a thin line of firm scar tissue where the muscle is reattached to the sclera. However, the process of<unk>  can also result in the formation of scar tissue on other parts of eye. These adhesions can, in rare cases, affect the motion of the eye and the desired alignment. If scarring is extensive, it may be seen as raised and red tissue on the white of the eye. Fibrosis reducing measures such as cryopreserved amniotic membrane and mitomycin C have been shown to have some utility during<unk> . Oculocardiac reflex Very rarely, potentially life-threatening complications may occur during<unk>  due to the oculocardiac reflex. This is a physiologic reflex that is described as a reduction in heart rate due to pressure on the globe or traction on the extraocular muscles. It involves activation of the trigeminal nerve leading to activation of the vagus nerve due to the internuclear communication. Although the most common arrhythmia is sinus bradycardia, asystole can be seen in its severe form. The reflex can also have non cardiac effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, which is an extremely common consequence of<unk>  in children.
Strabismus surgery
Craniofacial surgery
Middle ear implant
Craniofacial prosthesis
Cochlear implant
Voice prosthesis
Facial prosthetic
Nose prosthesis