<unk>  may be recommended for a recurrent or persistent arrhythmia resulting in symptoms or other dysfunction. Typically,<unk>  is used only when pharmacologic treatment has been ineffective. Effectiveness<unk>  of most arrhythmias has a high success rate. Success rates for WPW syndrome have been as high as 95% For SVT, single procedure success is 91% to 96% (95% CI) and multiple procedure success is 92% to 97% (95% CI). For atrial flutter, single procedure success is 88% to 95% (95% CI) and multiple procedure success is 95% to 99% (95% CI). For automatic atrial tachycardias, the success rates are 70–90%. The potential complications include bleeding, blood clots, pericardial tamponade, and heart block, but these risks are very low, ranging from 2.6–3.2%. For atrial fibrillation, several experienced teams of electrophysiologists in US heart centers claim they<unk> n achieve up to a 75% success rate. However one recent study claims that the success rates are in fact much lower – at 28% for single procedures. Often, several procedures are needed to raise the success rate to the 70–80% range. One reason for this may be that once the heart has undergone atrial remodeling as in the<unk> se of chronic atrial fibrillation sufferers, largely 50 and older, it is much more difficult to correct the 'bad' electrical pathways. Young people with AF with paroxysmal, or intermittent, AF therefore have an increased chance of success with an ablation since their heart has not undergone atrial remodeling yet.
Catheter ablation
Alcohol septal ablation
Microwave ablation
Transmyocardial revascularization
Valvulotomy
Cardiomyoplasty
Transvenous pacing
Pericardial window