A<unk>  is a surgical procedure to gain access into the pleural space of the chest. It is performed by surgeons (emergency physicians or paramedics under certain circumstances) to gain access to the thoracic organs, most commonly the heart, the lungs, or the esophagus, or for access to the thoracic aorta or the anterior spine (the latter may be necessary to access tumors in the spine). The purpose of a<unk>  is the first step used to facilitate thoracic surgeries including lobectomy or pneumonectomy for lung cancer or to gain thoracic access in major trauma.
Thoracotomy
Thoracostomy
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Pulmonary tractotomy
Chest drainage
Resuscitative thoracotomy
Corticotomy
Tracheotomy