A major goal of epilepsy research is the identification of therapies to interrupt or reverse<unk> . Studies largely in animal models have suggested a wide variety of possible antiepileptogenic strategies although, to date, no such therapy has been demonstrated to be antiepileptogenic in clinical trials. Some anticonvulsant drugs, including levetiracetam and ethosuximide have shown promising activity in animal models. Other promising strategies are inhibition of interleukin 1β signaling by drugs such as VX-765; modulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling by drugs such as fingolimod; activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by drugs such as rapamycin; the hormone erythropoietin; and, paradoxically, drugs such as the α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist atipamezole and the CB1 cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A (rimonabant) with proexcitatory activity. The discovery of the role played by TGF-beta activation in<unk>  raised the hypothesis that blocking this signaling may prevent<unk> . Losartan, a commonly used drug for the treatment of hypertension was shown to prevent epilepsy and facilitate BBB healing in animal models. Testing the potential of antiepileptogenic agents (e.g losartan) or BBB healing drugs necessitates biomarkers for patients selection and treatment-followup. BBB disruption imaging was shown capacity in animal model to serve as a biomarker of<unk>  and specific EEG patterns were also shown to predict epilepsy in several models.
Epileptogenesis
Cortical spreading depression
Excited delirium
Stimulant psychosis
Decompensation
Hypnoid state
Body substance isolation
Ischemic cascade