<unk>  or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system.<unk> es designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation<unk> es, while<unk> es that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression<unk> es. In recent years,<unk>  has become of great interest to researchers, clinicians and pharmaceutical companies, particularly in its promise to treat various forms of cancer. As a result, the standard of care for cancer is changing, as well as gaining complexity for managing patient care. Immunomodulatory drugs currently have unknown effects on the body. Cell-based<unk> es are effective for some cancers. Immune effector cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells (NK Cell), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), etc., work together to defend the body against cancer by targeting abnormal antigens expressed on the surface of tumor cells. Vaccine-induced immunity to Covid-19 relies mostly on an immunomodulatory T cell response. Therapies such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferons, imiquimod and cellular membrane fractions from bacteria are licensed for medical use. Others including IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, various chemokines, synthetic cytosine phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides and glucans are involved in clinical and preclinical studies.
Immunotherapy
Chemoimmunotherapy
Cell therapy
Stem-cell therapy
T-cell vaccination
Irradiation
Cryoimmunotherapy
Radioimmunotherapy