<unk>  refers to motor coordination of the<unk> s that allows for bilateral fixation on a single object. A<unk>  is a<unk>  of both<unk> s in the same direction to maintain binocular gaze (also referred to as “yoked”<unk><unk> . This is in contrast to vergence<unk><unk> , where binocular gaze is maintained by moving<unk> s in opposite directions, such as going “cross<unk> d” to view an object moving towards the face.<unk> s can be in any direction, and can accompany both saccadic<unk><unk> s and smooth pursuit<unk><unk> s.<unk> s are used to change the direction of gaze without changing the depth of gaze. This can be used to either follow a moving object, or change focus entirely. When following a moving object,<unk> s allow individuals to stabilize their perception of the moving object, and focus on the object rather than the rest of the visual world. When changing focus,<unk> s allow for the perception of a stabilized world relative to an individual, rather than the perception of the world “jumping” as the individual’s gaze shifts. Without<unk> s, there would be no synchronicity of the information obtained by each<unk> , so an individual would not be able to willingly move their<unk> s around a scene while still maintaining depth perception and scene or object stability. Several centers in the brainstem are involved. Horizontal<unk>  gaze is controlled by the nuclei of the Ocular Nerve, CN III, and the Abducens nerve, CN VI, the paramedian pontine reticular formation, and the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi-medial vestibular nucleus. Vertical<unk>  gaze is controlled by the nuclei of CN III and the Trochlear nerve, CN IV, the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF), and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. Disorders of<unk>  gaze typically consist of the inability to move one or both<unk> s in the desired direction, or the inability to prevent<unk> s from making vergence<unk> s.<unk>  gaze palsy:<unk>  gaze palsies typically affect horizontal gaze, although some affect upward gaze. Few affect downward gaze. These effects can range in severity from a complete lack of voluntary<unk><unk>  to mild impairments in speed, accuracy or range of<unk><unk> . Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: Internuclear ophthalmoplegia affects horizontal gaze, such that one<unk>  is capable of full horizontal<unk> , while the other is incapable of gazing in the direction contralateral to the affected<unk> . One and a half syndrome: “One and a half syndrome” also affects horizontal gaze. One<unk>  is completely incapable of horizontal<unk> , while the other<unk>  is capable of horizontal<unk>  only in one direction away from the midline.
Conjugate eye movement
Auditory exclusion
Deviated gaze
Conjugate gaze palsy
Audio-visual entrainment
Bruns nystagmus
Cyclotropia
Inverted binocular phenomenon