Phonocardiograms from normal and abnormal heart sounds<unk>  is usually diagnosed using noninvasive techniques. Echocardiography (in which sound waves are used to capture the motion of the heart) and associated Doppler studies are the primary methods of detecting<unk> . Electrocardiography (ECG), in which electrodes are used to record the electrical activity of the heart, is not particularly helpful as no specific rhythms or ECG patterns can be used to detect<unk> . A chest X-ray may be taken, which reveals overall heart size (as a reflection of the combined mass of the cardiac chambers) and the appearance of blood flow to the lungs. A small<unk>  most often accompanies a normal-sized heart and normal blood flow to the lungs. A large<unk>  generally accompanies an enlarged cardiac silhouette and increased blood flow to the lungs. File:Blausen 0707<unk><unk> Arteriosus.Illustration of<unk>  Image:Heart<unk> .PDA File:Stent tekst.An echocardiogram of a stented persisting<unk>  arteriosus: One can see the aortic arch and the stent leaving. The pulmonary artery is not seen. File:PDA Coil.An echocardiogram of a coiled<unk> : One can see the aortic arch, the pulmonary artery, and the coil between them.
Patent ductus arteriosus
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Atrioventricular septal defect
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
Tricuspid atresia
Atrial septal defect
Double aortic arch
Interrupted aortic arch