<unk>  A, which accounts for more than 90% of<unk>  gastroenteritis in humans, is endemic worldwide. Each year<unk> es cause millions of cases of diarrhoea in developing countries, almost 2 million of which result in hospitalisation. In 2013, an estimated 215,000 children younger than five died from<unk>  infections, 90 percent of whom were in developing countries. Almost every child has been infected with<unk> es by age five.<unk> es are the leading single cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and children, is responsible for about a third of the cases requiring hospitalisation, and causes 37% of deaths attributable to diarrhoea and 5% of all deaths in children younger than five. Boys are twice as likely as girls to be admitted to hospital for<unk>  infections. In the pre-vaccination era,<unk>  infections occurred primarily during cool, dry seasons. The number attributable to food contamination is unknown. Outbreaks of<unk>  A diarrhoea are common among hospitalised infants, young children attending day care centres, and elderly people in nursing homes. An outbreak caused by contaminated municipal water occurred in Colorado in 1981. During 2005, the largest recorded epidemic of diarrhoea occurred in Nicaragua. This unusually large and severe outbreak was associated with mutations in the<unk>  A genome, possibly helping the virus escape the prevalent immunity in the population. A similar large outbreak occurred in Brazil in 1977.<unk>  B, also called adult diarrhoea<unk>  or ADRV, has caused major epidemics of severe diarrhoea affecting thousands of people of all ages in China. These epidemics occurred as a result of sewage contamination of drinking water.<unk>  B infections also occurred in India in 1998; the causative strain was named CAL. Unlike ADRV, the CAL strain is endemic. To date, epidemics caused by<unk>  B have been confined to mainland China, and surveys indicate a lack of immunity to this species in the United States.<unk>  C has been associated with rare and sporadic cases of diarrhoea in children, and small outbreaks have occurred in families. Image:Rotavirus seasonal distribution.The seasonal variation of<unk>  A infections in England: rates of infection peak during the winter months. File:Avertable-deaths-from-rotavirus-with-full-vaccine-coverage.Preventable child deaths from<unk>  vaccination, 2016. Annual number of preventable deaths in children under five years old from<unk>  if full coverage of the<unk>  vaccine was achieved.
Rotavirus
Norovirus
Campylobacter jejuni
Yersinia enterocolitica
Salmonella
Giardia
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Shigella