The utility of<unk> s is based largely on their chemical stability, including low flammability and high dielectric constant. In an electric arc,<unk> s generate incombustible gases. Use of<unk> s is commonly divided into closed and open applications. Examples of closed applications include coolants and insulating fluids (transformer oil) for transformers and capacitors, such as those used in old fluorescent light ballasts, hydraulic fluids, lubricating and cutting oils, and the like. In contrast, the major open application of<unk> s was in carbonless copy ("NCR") paper, which even presently results in paper contamination. Other open applications were as plasticizers in paints and cements, stabilizing additives in flexible PVC coatings of electrical cables and electronic components, pesticide extenders, reactive flame retardants and sealants for caulking, adhesives, wood floor finishes, such as Fabulon and other products of Halowax in the U.S., de-dusting agents, waterproofing compounds, casting agents. It was also used as a plasticizer in paints and especially "coal tars" that were used widely to coat water tanks, bridges and other infrastructure pieces. Modern sources include pigments, which may be used in inks for paper or plastic products.<unk> s are also still found in old equipment like capacitors, ballasts, X-ray machine, and other e-waste.
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Polychlorinated naphthalene
Asbestos
Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
Vinyl chloride
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Alkylphenol