There currently is no agreed upon algorithm to diagnose<unk> . Lack of consensus upon how to properly diagnose the disease has prevented practitioners from determining if muscle weakness likely plays a role in an individual's disability or poor physical performance. Manini and Clark have proposed a decision algorithm for the diagnosis of<unk> . The algorithm begins by screening individuals aged over 60 years for<unk> , and those with high risk factors for the development of<unk>  are referred for a knee extension strength assessment. If an individual presents no or low risk factors, it is suggested that they undergo a grip strength test to decide if a lower extremity strength test is needed. Follow-up testing is then recommended based on the results of these tests to determine the etiology of<unk> . It's important to note that<unk>  is defined based on muscle strength rather than muscle power because both factors perform similarly when identifying individuals with physical disability or poor physical performance. A recent study from Bean and colleagues showed that older adults with mobility limitations who participated in a 16-week “power-training” exercise program were able to raise their leg press power about 10% more than the group that participated in a traditional “strength-training” exercise program. Both groups exhibited equivalent increases in muscle strength and mobility performance, despite the 10% difference in muscle power. Also, there is a limited amount of data on muscle power from epidemiological studies of aging. The equipment to measure muscle strength is also more readily available than equipment used to measure muscle power. Together, these factors justify the reasoning behind using muscle strength to define<unk>  rather than muscle power. Risk factors== Three principal risk factors stand out when considering preemptive components of<unk> . # Low Physical Activity- Physical activity in adults aged 65 years and above typically includes everyday activities such as household chores, walking, gardening, occupational, or planned exercise such as swimming or dancing. It is recommended by the World Health Organization that older adults participate in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or at least 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity throughout the week. # Reported Weakness- Unintentional weight loss, muscle weakness measured by reduced grip strength, physical slowness, and poor endurance are all symptoms of muscle weakness that put individuals at a high risk of<unk> . # Age >80 years – Several studies have shown that aging impairs central isometric activation. A study by Harridge and colleagues concluded that very old adults (age 85–97 years) had significant impairments in central activation (mean: 81%; range: 69–93%). Another study by Stevens and colleagues combined previously collected data on the impact of aging on knee extensor central activation and found that central activation in older adults was much less than that of young adults (87% vs 98% activation).
Dynapenia
Neuroglycopenia
Neuromyotonia
Synkinesis
Paresis
Myotonia
Diplophonia
Cynanthropy