The many different forms of lymphoma probably have different causes. These possible causes and associations with at least some forms of<unk>  include: * Infectious agents: * Epstein–Barr virus: associated with Burkitt's lymphoma,<unk>  lymphoma, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. * Human T-cell leukemia virus: associated with adult T-cell lymphoma. * Helicobacter pylori: associated with gastric lymphoma. * HHV-8: associated with primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease. * Hepatitis C virus: associated with splenic marginal zone lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. * HIV infection. * Some chemicals, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), diphenylhydantoin, dioxin, and phenoxy herbicides. * Medical treatments, like radiation therapy and chemotherapy. * Genetic diseases, like Klinefelter syndrome, Chédiak–Higashi syndrome, ataxia–telangiectasia syndrome. * Autoimmune diseases, like Sjögren syndrome, celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. * Bone trauma and microfractures associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma originating in bone marrow. * Implants, made from hard metals or silicone, associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Familial component Familial lymphoid cancer is rare. The familial risk of lymphoma is elevated for multiple lymphoma subtypes, suggesting a shared genetic cause. However, a family history of a specific subtype is most strongly associated with risk for that subtype, indicating that these genetic factors are subtype-specific. Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified 67 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 41 loci, most of which are subtype specific. HIV/AIDS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) included certain types of<unk>  as AIDS-defining cancers in 1987. Immune suppression rather than HIV itself is implicated in the pathogenesis of this malignancy, with a clear correlation between the degree of immune suppression and the risk of developing<unk> . Additionally, other retroviruses, such as HTLV, may be spread by the same mechanisms that spread HIV, leading to an increased rate of co-infection. The natural history of HIV infection has been greatly changed over time. As a consequence, rates of<unk>  <unk>  in people infected with HIV has significantly declined in recent years.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance  Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance  1
B-cell lymphoma
Aggressive lymphoma
AIDS-related lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma
T-cell lymphoma
Mixed-cell lymphoma