<unk> <unk> c<unk>  is most commonly caused by a penetrating trauma in up to 90% of cases. Of these cases around 28% are confined to the<unk>  portion of the<unk>  including the ascending<unk> ,<unk>  arch, and the descending<unk> . Of the<unk> <unk> c<unk> es the ligament arteriosum is the most common location followed by the portion of the<unk>  after the origin of the left subclavian artery. The most common mechanism leading to<unk> <unk> c<unk>  is a motor vehicle collision. Other mechanisms include airplane crashes, falling from a large height and landing on a hard surface, or any<unk>  that causes substantial pressure to the sternum. The incidence of<unk> <unk> c<unk> es is approximately 1 in 100,000.
Thoracic aorta injury
Traumatic aortic rupture
Diaphragmatic rupture
Esophageal rupture
Pulmonary contusion
Right heart strain
Pulmonary laceration
Pulmonary hematoma