<unk>  is caused by common saprotrophs found in the soil and on thorny shrubs in semi-desert climates. Some common causative agents are: * Madurella<unk> tis (fungus) * Nocardia brasiliensis (bacteria) * Actinomadure madura (bacteria) * Streptomyces somaliensis (bacteria) * Actinomadura pelletieri (bacteria) Infection is caused as a result of localized skin trauma, such as stepping on a needle or wood splinter, or through a pre-existing wound. The first visible symptom of<unk>  is a typically painless swelling beneath the skin; over several years, this will grow to a nodule (lump). Affected people will experience massive swelling and hardening of the area, in addition to skin rupture and the formation of sinus tracts that discharge pus and grains filled with organisms. In many instances, the underlying bone is affected. Some people with<unk>  will not experience pain or discomfort, while others will report itching and/or pain.
Mycetoma
Eumycetoma
Oncocytoma
Esthesioneuroblastoma
Hamartoma
Nesidioblastoma
Melanocytoma
Lipoblastoma