The kidneys normally do not filter large molecules into the urine, so<unk>  can be an indicator of damage to the kidneys or excessive salt intake. It can also occur in patients with long-standing diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes. Recent international guidelines ( KDIGO 2012) reclassified chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on cause, glomerular filtration rate category, and<unk>  category (A1, A2, A3). Causes of<unk>  can be discriminated between by the amount of protein excreted. * The nephrotic syndrome usually results in the excretion of about 3.0 to 3.5 grams per 24 hours. * Nephritic syndrome results in far less<unk> . * Microalbuminuria (between 30 and 300 mg/24h, mg/l of urine or μg/mg of creatinine) can be a forerunner of diabetic nephropathy. The term<unk>  is now preferred in Nephrology since there is not a "small albumin" (microalbuminuria) or a "big albumin" (macroalbuminuria). A1 represents normal to mildly increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (300 mg/g or > 30 mg/mmol).
Albuminuria
Proteinuria
Ketonuria
Beeturia
Sialuria
Uricosuria
Lipiduria
Crystalluria