A Galapagos shark hooked by a fishing boat<unk>  negatively affects the health and welfare of<unk> . "Pain" is defined by the International Association for the Study of<unk>  as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage." Only the<unk> experiencing the<unk>  can know the<unk> 's quality and intensity, and the degree of suffering. It is harder, if even possible, for an observer to know whether an emotional experience has occurred, especially if the sufferer cannot communicate. Therefore, this concept is often excluded in definitions of<unk> , such as that provided by Zimmerman: "an aversive sensory experience caused by actual or potential injury that elicits protective motor and vegetative reactions, results in learned avoidance and may modify species-specific behaviour, including social behaviour." Nonhuman<unk>  cannot report their feelings to language-using humans in the same manner as human communication, but observation of their behaviour provides a reasonable indication as to the extent of their<unk> . Just as with doctors and medics who sometimes share no common language with their patients, the indicators of<unk>  can still be understood. According to the U.S. National Research Council Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of<unk>  in Laboratory<unk> ,<unk>  is experienced by many<unk> species, including mammals and possibly all vertebrates.
Pain in animals
causes of Infection
Functional symptom
Skin condition
Cancer cluster
Wellness 
Walking wounded
symptom of Fever