<unk>  can usually be diagnosed with a computerized tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, and proton magnetic resonance spectrography in addition to clinical examination. Indications include infarctions, lesions, or loss of intensity of central white matter and enlargement of ventricles, and leukoaraiosis. A Mini–Mental State Examination has been created to quickly assess cognitive impairment and serves as a screening test for dementia across different cultures. Imaging Leukoaraiosis refers to the imaging finding of white matter changes that are common in<unk>  disease. However, leukoaraiosis can be found in many different diseases and even in normal patients, especially in people older than 65 years of age. There is controversy whether leukoaraiosis and mental deterioration actually have a cause and effect relationship. Recent research is showing that different types of leukoaraiosis can affect the brain differently, and that proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy would be able to distinguish the different types more effectively and better diagnosis and treat the issue. Because of this information, white matter changes indicated by magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography cannot alone diagnose<unk>  disease, but can aid to a bigger picture in the diagnosis process. There are many diseases similar to<unk>  including CADASIL syndrome and Alzheimer's disease, which makes this specific type of white matter damage hard to diagnose.<unk>  disease is best when diagnosed of a team by experts including a neurologist and psychiatrist to rule out other psychological or neurological problems. Because doctors must successfully detect enough white matter alterations to accompany dementia as well as an appropriate level of dementia, two separate technological systems are needed in the diagnosing process. Much of the major research today is done on finding better and more efficient ways to diagnose this disease. Many researchers have divided the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain into different sections or quadrants. A score is given to each section depending on how severe the white matter atrophy or leukoaraiosis is. Research has shown that the higher these scores, the more of a decrease in processing speed, executive functions, and motor learning tasks. Other researchers have begun using computers to calculate the percentage of white matter atrophy by counting the hyper-intense pixels of the magnetic resonance images. These and similar reports show a correlation between the amount of white matter alterations and the decline of psychomotor functions, reduced performance on attention and executive control. One recent type of technology is called susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) which is a magnetic resonance technique which has an unusually high degree of sensitivity and can better detect white matter alterations.
Binswanger's disease
Borna disease
Gorham's disease
Darier's disease
Fox–Fordyce disease
Lev's disease
Tornwaldt's disease
Kienböck's disease