Attic red-figure aryballos, 480–470 BC)<unk>  was a compilation of theories and practices that were constantly expanding through new ideologies and trials. Many components were considered in<unk> , intertwining the spiritual with the physical. Specifically, the<unk><unk> s believed health was affected by the humors, geographic location, social class, diet, trauma, beliefs, and mindset. Early on the<unk><unk> s believed that illnesses were "divine punishments" and that healing was a "gift from the Gods". As trials continued wherein theories were tested against symptoms and results, the pure spiritual beliefs regarding "punishments" and "gifts" were replaced with a foundation based in the physical, i.e., cause and effect. Humorism (or the four humors) refers to blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Each of the four humors were linked to an organ, temper, season and element. It was also theorized that sex played a role in medicine because some diseases and treatments were different for females than for males. Moreover, geographic location and social class affected the living conditions of the people and might subject them to different environmental issues such as mosquitoes, rats, and availability of clean drinking water. Diet was thought to be an issue as well and might be affected by a lack of access to adequate nourishment. Trauma, such as that suffered by gladiators, from dog bites or other injuries, played a role in theories relating to understanding anatomy and infections. Additionally, there was significant focus on the beliefs and mindset of the patient in the diagnosis and treatment theories. It was recognized that the mind played a role in healing, or that it might also be the sole basis for the illness.<unk>  began to revolve around the theory of humors. The humoral theory states that good health comes from a perfect balance of the four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Consequently, poor health resulted from improper balance of the four humors. Hippocrates, known as the "Father of Modern Medicine", established a medical school at Cos and is the most important figure in<unk> . Hippocrates and his students documented numerous illnesses in the Hippocratic Corpus, and developed the Hippocratic Oath for physicians, which is still in use today. His students and him also created medical terminology that is part of our vocabulary today. Medical words included acute, chronic, epidemic, exacerbation, relapse, and others. The contributions to<unk>  of Hippocrates, Socrates and others had a lasting influence on Islamic medicine and medieval European medicine until many of their findings eventually became obsolete in the 14th century. The earliest known<unk>  medical school opened in Cnidus in 700 BC. Alcmaeon, author of the first anatomical compilation, worked at this school, and it was here that the practice of observing patients was established. Despite their known respect for<unk>  Egyptian medicine, attempts to discern any particular influence on<unk>  practice at this early time have not been dramatically successful because of the lack of sources and the challenge of understanding<unk>  medical terminology. It is clear, however, that the<unk> s imported Egyptian substances into their pharmacopoeia, and the influence became more pronounced after the establishment of a school of<unk>  medicine in Alexandria.
Ancient Greek medicine
Ancient Egyptian medicine
Traditional Alaska Native medicine
Ancient Iranian medicine
Traditional Vietnamese medicine
Jewish medicine
Traditional African medicine
Georgian folk medicine