Because it can be given subcutaneously and does not require APTT monitoring,<unk>  permits outpatient treatment of conditions such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism that previously mandated inpatient hospitalization for unfractionated heparin administration. Because<unk>  has more predictable pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effect,<unk>  is recommended over unfractionated heparin for patients with massive pulmonary embolism, and for initial treatment of deep vein thrombosis. As compared to placebo or no intervention, prophylactic treatment of hospitalized medical patients using<unk>  and similar anticoagulants reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism, notably pulmonary embolism. More recently these agents have been evaluated as anticoagulants in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) managed by percutaneous intervention (PCI). The use of<unk>  needs to be monitored closely in patients at extremes of<unk>  or in-patients with renal dysfunction. An anti-factor Xa activity may be useful for monitoring anticoagulation. Given its renal clearance,<unk>  may not be feasible in patients that have end-stage renal disease.<unk>  can also be used to maintain the patency of cannulae and shunts in dialysis patients. Patients with cancer are at higher risk of venous thromboembolism and<unk> s are used to reduce this risk. The CLOT study, published in 2003, showed that, in patients with malignancy and acute venous thromboembolism,<unk>  was more effective than warfarin in reducing the risk of recurrent embolic events. Use of<unk>  in cancer patients for at least the first 3 to 6 months of long-term treatment is recommended in numerous guidelines and is now regarded as a standard of care.
Low-molecular-weight heparin
Fibrinolysis
Enoxaparin sodium
Thrombectomy
Palladin
Heparin
Tissue plasminogen activator
Tinzaparin sodium