The Phantom Torso, as seen here in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS), is designed to measure the effects of<unk>  on organs inside the body by using a torso that is similar to those used to train radiologists on Earth. The torso is equivalent in height and weight to an average adult male. It contains<unk>  detectors that will measure, in real-time, how much<unk>  the brain, thyroid, stomach, colon, and heart and lung area receive on a daily basis. The data will be used to determine how the body reacts to and shields its internal organs from<unk> , which will be important for longer duration<unk> s. Astronauts are exposed to approximately 50-2,000 millisieverts (mSv) while on six-month-duration missions to the International Space Station (ISS), the Moon and beyond. The risk of cancer caused by ionizing<unk>  is well documented at<unk>  doses beginning at 100mSv and above. Related radiological effect studies have shown that survivors of the atomic bomb explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nuclear reactor workers and patients who have undergone therapeutic<unk>  treatments have received low-linear energy transfer (LET)<unk>  (x-rays and gamma rays) doses in the same 50-2,000 mSv range.
Spaceflight radiation carcinogenesis
Radiation-induced cancer
Food irradiation
Clinic of Zaragoza radiotherapy accident
Radiation burn
Endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer
Infectious causes of cancer
Radiation exposure