<unk>  refers to a biological technique that involves the use of magnetic fields to remotely control cell activity. In most cases, magnetic stimulation is transformed into either force (magneto-mechanical genetics) or heat (magneto-thermal genetics), which depends on the applied magnetic field. Therefore, cells are usually genetically modified to express ion channels that are either mechanically or thermally gated. As such,<unk>  is a cellular modulation method that uses a combination of techniques from magnetism and genetics to control activities of individual cells in living tissue – even within freely moving animals. This technique is comparable to optogenetics, which is the manipulation of cell behavior using light. In<unk> , magnetic stimulation is used instead of light, a characteristic that allows for a less invasive, less toxic, and wireless modulation of cell activity. Cell activity control is achieved using magnetic compounds such as ferritin or magnetic nanoparticles. These compounds are designed to link to the ion channels that are genetically expressed on specific cells. Control of activity is thus restricted to genetically pre-defined cells and performed in a spatiotemporal-specific manner by magnetic stimulation.
Magnetogenetics
Molecular genetics
Cytogenetics
Molecular pathology
Karyotype
Amniocentesis
Triple test
Pharmacogenomics