Diagnosis can be made in several ways, encompassing a range of multi-faceted techniques: *Isolation and detection of the virus in cell culture. *Detection of viral antigens directly within bodily respiratory tract secretions using immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassays or fluoroimmunoassays. *Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). *Analysis of specific IgG antibodies showing a subsequent rise in titre following infection (using paired serum specimens). Because of the similarity in terms of the antigenic profile between the<unk> , hemagglutination assay (HA) or hemadsorption inhibition (HAdI) processes are often used. Both complement fixation, neutralisation and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays – ELISA, can also be used to aid in the process of distinguishing between viral serotypes.
Human parainfluenza viruses
Influenza A virus
Influenza B virus
Influenza D virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Rhinovirus
Novel coronavirus
Chinese coronavirus