As many as 50–70% of people who survive traffic accidents have<unk> . In most developed countries, violence from other people has replaced vehicle collisions as the main cause of maxillofacial trauma; however in many developing countries traffic accidents remain the major cause. Increased use of seat belts and airbags has been credited with a reduction in the incidence of maxillofacial trauma, but fractures of the mandible (the jawbone) are not decreased by these protective measures. The risk of maxillofacial trauma is decreased by a factor of two with use of motorcycle helmets. A decline in<unk>  bone fractures due to vehicle accidents is thought to be due to seat belt and drunk driving laws, strictly enforced speed limits and use of airbags. In vehicle accidents, drivers and front seat passengers are at highest risk for<unk> .<unk>  fractures are distributed in a fairly normal curve by age, with a peak incidence occurring between ages 20 and 40, and children under 12 suffering only 5–10% of all<unk>  fractures. Most<unk>  in children involves lacerations and soft tissue injuries. There are several reasons for the lower incidence of<unk>  fractures in children: the face is smaller in relation to the rest of the head, children are less often in some situations associated with<unk>  fractures such as occupational and motor vehicle hazards, there is a lower proportion of cortical bone to cancellous bone in children's faces, poorly developed sinuses make the bones stronger, and fat pads provide protection for the<unk>  bones. Head and brain injuries are commonly associated with<unk> , particularly that of the upper face; brain injury occurs in 15–48% of people with maxillofacial trauma. Coexisting injuries can affect treatment of<unk> ; for example they may be emergent and need to be treated before<unk>  injuries. People with trauma above the level of the collar bones are considered to be at high risk for cervical spine injuries (spinal injuries in the neck) and special precautions must be taken to avoid movement of the spine, which could worsen a spinal injury.
Facial trauma
Acoustic trauma
Dental avulsion
Barotrauma
Thermal trauma
Electrical injury
Penetrating trauma
Trauma