<unk> s are contraindicated in people with bleeding disorders, infection at the puncture site, fever, and<unk> stream infections or sepsis. Some recommend<unk>  culture before administration.<unk> s should not be administered if there is a systemic infection. It may be contraindicated in people with a spinal deformity, HIV/AIDS, and leukemia.<unk> s are recommended for perioperative COVID-19 people over general anesthesia—EBPs have an extremely low risk of transferring an infection to the central nervous system even with an ongoing infection but are a last resort after conservative treatments and nerve blocks. People who have malignancies as a result of cancer may be contraindicated though it is not an absolute contraindication; though little large-scale clinical studies have been conducted, no adverse effects have been reported.
Epidural blood patch
Epidural steroid injection
Microvascular decompression
Lumbar–peritoneal shunt
Epidural administration
Intrathecal pump
Spinal decompression
Craniotomy