Practical applications of the<unk>  can be found in severe cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which patients spend a significant amount of energy on<unk>  effort. By increasing the proportion of fats in the diet, the<unk>  is driven down, causing a relative decrease in the amount of CO2 produced. This reduces the<unk>  burden to eliminate CO2, thereby reducing the amount of energy spent on respirations.<unk>  can be used as an indicator of over or underfeeding. Underfeeding, which forces the body to utilize fat stores, will lower the<unk> , while overfeeding, which causes lipogenesis, will increase it. Underfeeding is marked by a<unk>  below 0.85, while a<unk>  greater than 1.0 indicates overfeeding. This is particularly important in patients with compromised<unk>  systems, as an increased<unk>  significantly corresponds to increased<unk>  rate and decreased tidal volume, placing compromised patients at a significant risk. Because of its role in metabolism,<unk>  can be used in analysis of liver function and diagnosis of liver disease. In patients suffering from liver cirrhosis, non-protein<unk>  <unk>  values act as good indicators in the prediction of overall survival rate. Patients having a<unk>  0.85. A decrease in<unk>  corresponds to a decrease in glycogen storage by the liver. Similar research indicates that non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases are also accompanied by a low<unk>  value, and the non protein<unk>  value was a good indication of disease severity. Recently the<unk>  is also used from aquatic scientists to illuminate its environmental applications. Experimental studies with natural bacterioplankton using different single substrates suggested that<unk>  is linked to the elemental composition of the respired compounds. By this way, it is demonstrated that bacterioplankton<unk>  is not only a practical aspect of Bacterioplankton Respiration determination, but also a major ecosystem state variable that provides unique information about aquatic ecosystem functioning. Based on the stoichiometry of the different metabolized substrates, the scientists can predict that dissolved oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in aquatic ecosystems should covary inversely due to the processing of photosynthesis and respiration. Using this<unk>  we could shed light on the metabolic behavior and the simultaneous roles of chemical and physical forcing that shape the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems.
Respiratory quotient
CO2 content
Oxygen equivalent
Oxygenation index
Lactate threshold
Gas exchange
Metabolic equivalent of task
Oxygen enhancement ratio