<unk>  refers to a state of psychological dependence on a drug in the<unk>  class. Stimulants such as<unk> s and cocaine do not cause physical dependence. Signs of<unk>  intoxication manifest themselves in euphoria, hypersexuality, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and intensifications of the train of thought, speech, and movement. Over time, neurodegenerative changes become apparent in the form of altered behavior, reduced cognitive functions, and signs of neurological damage, such as a decrease in the levels of dopamine transporters (DAT) and serotonin transporters (SERT) in the brain.<unk>  use within teenagers can have lasting effects on their brain, in particular the prefrontal cortex.<unk>  use is rising among students due to the ability to easily access prescribed stimulants like Adderall. Also, in case of chronic use, vegetative disorders soon occur such as bouts of sweating, trouble sleeping, tremor, ataxia and diarrhea; the degradation of the personality takes place relatively slowly. Tolerance is expected to develop with regular substituted<unk>  use. When substituted<unk> s are used, drug tolerance develops rapidly.<unk>  has shown to have the highest remission rate compared to cannabis, cocaine, and opiods. Severe withdrawal associated with dependence from recreational substituted<unk>  use can be difficult for a user to cope with. Long-term use of certain substituted<unk> s, particularly methamphetamine, can reduce dopamine activity in the brain. Adderall- Prescribed<unk>  For<unk>  dependent individuals, psychotherapy is currently the best treatment option as no pharmacological treatment has been approved. Another treatment option for<unk>  is aversion therapy based on classical conditioning module; this will combine the<unk>  with a negative thing or opposite stimulus. Treatment for<unk> s is growing at extremely high rates around the world. Psychostimulants that increase dopamine and mimic the effects of substituted<unk> s, but with lower abuse liability, could theoretically be used as replacement therapy in<unk> . However, the few studies that used<unk> , bupropion, methylphenidate, and modafinil as a replacement therapy did not result in less methamphetamine use or craving.
Amphetamine dependence
Benzodiazepine dependence
Opioid withdrawal
Drug withdrawal
Nicotine withdrawal
Cocaine dependence
Opioid epidemic
Effects of cannabis