<unk> s are commonly picked up after newborn hearing screen when a child is identified as having a hearing loss. The hearing loss is commonly mixed and can be of any degree when first identified. The conductive component is due to a third window effect caused by the widened<unk><unk> . During an audiologic assessment, an air-bone gap in the low frequencies can occur due to the<unk>  acting as a third mobile window. Hearing loss in the contralateral ear to the<unk>  can also occur due to the chemical composition on both sides. Torticollis has also been found to be an indicator of an<unk>  in children. Identification of the<unk>  in a child is usually by MRI scan which identifies the fluid within the endolymphatic duct and sac. CT scan may be needed to see the<unk><unk>  clearly. In adults CT scan may be the first investigation. In order to diagnose the cause of the<unk>  the physician will need a detailed family history, full examination to include<unk>  examination and, if a bilateral finding, molecular genetic testing as appropriate. With unilateral<unk> s molecular genetic testing is currently not recommended.
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct
Vitreous bulge
Pellucid marginal degeneration
Optokinetic drum
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Vitreomacular adhesion
Posterior cortical atrophy
Persistent pupillary membrane