<unk>  affects 2–3% of the United States population, which is equivalent to about five to nine million cases. A<unk>  spinal column curve of 10° or less affects 1.5% to 3% of individuals. The age of onset is usually between 10 years and 15 years (can occur at a younger age) in children and adolescents, making up to 85% of those diagnosed. This is seen to be due to rapid growth spurts occurring at puberty when spinal development is most relenting to genetic and environmental influences. Because female adolescents undergo growth spurts before postural musculoskeletal maturity,<unk>  is more prevalent among females. Although fewer cases are present today using Cobb angle analysis for diagnosis,<unk>  remains a prevailing condition, appearing in otherwise healthy children. Despite the fact that<unk>  is a disfigurement of the spine, it has been shown to influence the pneumonic function, balance while standing and stride execution of kids with<unk> . The impacts of backpack carriage on these three side effects have been broadly researched. Incidence of idiopathic<unk>  (IS) stops after puberty when skeletal maturity is reached, however, further curvature may proceed during late adulthood due to vertebral osteoporosis and weakened musculature.
Scoliosis
Poliosis
Kyphoscoliosis
Hip dysplasia
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Tooth ankylosis
Back strain
Metaphyseal dysplasia