The causes for<unk> es are not well understood, and sometimes there is no apparent cause for a<unk> . However, some causes of neurological impairments include: ; Heredity and genetics :<unk> es are often linked through genetics and run in the family. Children who have<unk> es often have parents who have the same struggles. Children of parents who had less than 12 years of school are more likely to have a reading disability. Some children have spontaneous mutations (i.e. not present in either parent) which can cause developmental disorders including<unk> es. One study estimated that about one in 300 children had such spontaneous mutations, for example a fault in the CDK13 gene which is associated with<unk>  and communication difficulties in the children affected. ; Problems during pregnancy and birth : A<unk>  can result from anomalies in the developing brain, illness or injury. Risk factors are fetal exposure to alcohol or drugs and low birth weight (3 pounds or less). These children are more likely to develop a disability in math or reading. Children who are born prematurely, late, have a longer labor than usual, or have trouble receiving oxygen are more likely to develop a<unk> . ; Accidents after birth<unk>  disabilities can also be caused by head injuries, malnutrition, or by toxic exposure (such as heavy metals or pesticides).
Learning disability
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Developmental disability
Intellectual disability
Communication disorder
Specific developmental disorder
Neurodevelopmental disorder
Motor disorder