Using a tailored multi-faceted approach as outlined above can decrease rates of<unk>  by 27% among the elderly. At least 30–40% of all cases of<unk>  could be prevented, and high rates of<unk>  reflect negatively on the quality of care. Episodes of<unk>  can be prevented by identifying hospitalized people at risk of the condition. This includes individuals over age 65, with a cognitive impairment, with hip fracture, or with severe illness. Close observation for the early signs is recommended in such populations.<unk>  may be prevented and treated by using non-pharmacologic approaches focused on risk factors, such as constipation, dehydration, low oxygen levels, immobility, visual or hearing impairment, sleep deprivation, functional decline and removing or minimizing problematic medications. Ensuring a therapeutic environment (e.g. individualized care; clear communication; adequate reorientation and lighting during daytime; promoting uninterrupted sleep hygiene with minimal noise and light at night; minimizing bed relocation; having familiar objects like family pictures; providing earplugs; and providing adequate nutrition, pain control, and assistance toward early mobilization) can also yield benefit toward preventing<unk> . Research into pharmacologic prevention and treatment is weak and insufficient to make proper recommendations. Melatonin and other pharmacological agents have been studied for prevention of postoperative<unk> , but evidence is not clear. Avoidance or cautious use of benzodiazepines has been recommended for reducing the risk of<unk>  in critically ill individuals. It is unclear if the medication donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, reduces<unk>  following surgery. There is also no clear evidence to suggest that citicoline, methylprednisolone, or antipsychotic medications prevent<unk> . A review of intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery showed little or no difference in postoperative<unk>  according to the type of anaesthetic maintenance agents in five studies (321 participants). The authors of this review were uncertain whether maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol-based total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) or with inhalational agents can affect the incidence rate of postoperative<unk> . Interventions for preventing<unk>  in older people in institutional long-term care The current evidence suggests that software-based interventions to identify medications that could contribute to<unk>  risk and recommend a pharmacist's medication review probably reduces incidence of<unk>  in older adults in long-term care. The benefits of hydration reminders and education on risk factors and care homes' solutions for reducing<unk>  is still uncertain.
symptom of Delirium tremens
symptom of Narcolepsy
symptom of Conversion disorder
medical cause of Panic attack
symptoms of Delirium
symptom of Botulism
symptom of Panic attack
symptom of Akathisia