The treatment in viral or idiopathic<unk>  is with aspirin, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs such as ibuprofen). Colchicine may be added to the above as it decreases the risk of further episodes of<unk> . Severe cases may require one or more of the following: * antibiotics to treat tuberculosis or other bacterial causes * steroids are used in acute<unk>  but are not favored because they increase the chance of recurrent<unk>  * pericardiocentesis to treat a large pericardial effusion causing tamponade Recurrent<unk>  resistant to colchicine and anti-inflammatory steroids may benefit from a number of medicines that affect the action of interleukin 1; they cannot be taken in tablet form. These are anakinra, canakinumab and rilonacept. Rilonacept has been specifically approved as an orphan drug for use in this situation. Azathioprine has also been used. Surgical removal of the pericardium, pericardiectomy, may be used in severe cases and where the<unk>  is causing constriction, impairing cardiac function. It is less effective if the<unk>  is a consequence of trauma, in elderly patients, and if the procedure is done incompletely. It carries a risk of death between 5 and 10%.
Pericarditis
Myocardial infarction
Carditis
Pleurisy
Myopericarditis
Precordial catch syndrome
Constrictive pericarditis
Myocarditis