The mainstay of treatment for<unk>  is endovascular therapy. This may be transarterial (mostly in the case of direct<unk>  or transvenous (most commonly in indirect<unk> . Occasionally, more direct approaches, such as direct transorbital puncture of the cavernous sinus or cannulation of the draining superior orbital vein are used when conventional approaches are not possible. Spontaneous resolution of indirect<unk> e has been reported but is uncommon. Staged manual compression of the ipsilateral<unk>  has been reported to assist with spontaneous closure in selected cases. Direct<unk>  may be treated by occlusion of the affected cavernous sinus (coils, balloon, liquid agents), or by reconstruction of the damaged internal<unk>  artery (stent, coils or liquid agents). Indirect<unk>  may be treated by occlusion of the affected cavernous sinus with coils, liquid agents or a combination of both.
Carotid-cavernous fistula
Carotid artery dissection
Cirsoid aneurysm
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Vertebral artery dissection
Vitreous hemorrhage
Carotid artery stenosis
Charcot–Bouchard aneurysm