The signs and symptoms of<unk>  can develop after only a few days and up to several months following the initial ingestion of absorbable calcium and<unk> . However, the severity of signs and symptoms of<unk>  is largely dependent upon the duration and quantity of calcium and<unk>  ingested. Acute<unk>  is characterized by several biochemical alterations, mainly<unk> sis, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and hypercalcemia. In the acute phase of<unk>  (Cope syndrome), the first symptoms of toxicity are nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, dizziness, vertigo, apathy, weakness, confusion, irritability, dry mouth, and repulsion to<unk> . In individuals with chronic<unk>  (Burnett syndrome), symptoms may include muscle aches, psychosis, tremor, polyuria (producing large volumes of dilute urine), polydipsia (intense thirst), pruritus (itchy sensation on skin), band keratopathy and abnormal calcifications. These abnormal calcium deposits often collect metastatically in the body, including throughout the periarticular tissue, subcutaneous tissue, central nervous system, liver, kidneys, adrenal, bones, and lungs. If ingestion of calcium and<unk>  is continued, neurologic symptoms such as memory loss, personality changes, lethargy, stupor, and coma will persistently develop overtime, as a result of the extreme hypercalcemia and electrolyte imbalances. People with<unk>  commonly show signs of renal dysfunction, a hallmark symptom of<unk> , at early stages of disease progression. Several lab test results, such as elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and elevated creatinine, are illustrative of azotemia and kidney impairment. Histologically, the kidneys of individuals with<unk>  have been shown to have "complete glomerulus hyalinization, thickening of the Bowman's capsule, tubular atrophy, vascular changes, and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration." Other laboratory tests, such as measuring serum bicarbonate, pH, 1,25-OH vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) can show signs of<unk> . Specifically, bicarbonate and pH would be elevated while 1,25-OH vitamin D and PTH would be suppressed.
Milk-alkali syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Jones syndrome
Refeeding syndrome
Leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia of infancy
Johanson–Blizzard syndrome