There are many potential causes of<unk> . They include toxic, metabolic, degenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, or thrombotic or embolic stroke. Degenerative diseases include parkinsonism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Niemann-Pick disease, and Friedreich's ataxia. Toxic and metabolic conditions include: Wilson's disease, hypoxic encephalopathy such as in drowning, and central pontine myelinolysis. These result in lesions to key areas of the brain involved in planning, executing, or regulating motor operations in skeletal muscles (i.e. muscles of the limbs), including muscles of the head and neck (dysfunction of which characterises<unk> . These can result in dysfunction, or failure of: the motor or somatosensory cortex of the brain, corticobulbar pathways, the cerebellum, basal nuclei (consisting of the putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra etc.), brainstem (from which the cranial nerves originate), or the neuromuscular junction (in diseases such as myasthenia gravis) which block the nervous system's ability to activate motor units and effect correct range and strength of movements. Causes: * Brain tumor * Cerebral palsy * Guillain–Barré syndrome * Hypothermia * Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (formerly known as pseudotumor cerebri) * Lyme disease * Stroke * Tay–Sachs disease, and late-onset Tay–Sachs disease (LOTS) * Transient ischemic attack, a 'mini stroke'
Dysarthria
Hypophonia
Dysmetria
Diplophonia
Aphonia
Misophonia
Dystonia
Paratonia