<unk>  most common cause is idiopathic<unk> ; less commonly histoplasmosis tuberculosis or unknown. It is characterized by invasive, calcified<unk>  centered on lymph nodes that block major vessels and airways. In Europe, this disease is exceptionally rare. More cases are seen in USA where the disease may often be associated with histoplasmosis.
Mediastinal fibrosis
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Hepatization of lungs
Peribronchial cuffing
Extrapulmonary restriction
Autoinflation
Air trapping
Aortic unfolding