The<unk>  (CT, or<unk>  or Dissolved<unk><unk>  (DIC) is the sum of<unk><unk>  species in a solution.  The<unk><unk>  species include<unk>  dioxide,<unk> ic acid, bicarbonate anion, and<unk> ate anion.  It is customary to express<unk>  dioxide and<unk> ic acid simultaneously as CO2* .  CT is an important parameter when making measurements related to the pH of natural aqueous systems, and<unk>  dioxide flux estimates.
where,
CT is the<unk> 
[CO2*]  is the sum of<unk>  dioxide and<unk> ic acid concentrations  ( [CO2*] = [CO2] + [H2CO3])
[HCO3−] is the bicarbonate concentration
[CO32−] is the<unk> ate concentration
Each of these species are intimately related by the following pH driven chemical equilibria:<unk>  is measured by the acidification of the sample which drives the equilibria to CO2.  This gas is then sparged from solution and trapped, and the quantity trapped is then measured, typically by infrared spectroscopy.
Total inorganic carbon
Uric acid
Ammonia
Albumin
Phosphorous acid
Phosphate
Osmolarity
Phosphonic acid