<unk>  (informally known as getting one's "tubes tied") is a permanent form of female sterilization, in which the fallopian tubes are severed and sealed or "pinched shut", in order to prevent fertilization. Hormone production, libido, and the menstrual cycle can be affected by a<unk> .
Tubal ligation
Vasectomy
Cervical cerclage
Episiotomy
Castration
Vaginectomy
Gonadotropin preparations
Elective caesarean section