<unk>  cardiac arrest occurs due to<unk>  disturbance in cardiac electrical propagation or failure of the heart to pumping the blood into vital organs. 
Early clinical features include abrupt palpitation, presyncope, syncope, chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension within one hour before terminal event.
Patients  may progress to develop cardiac arrest ,<unk>  collapse, loss of effective circulation, loss of consciousness.
If left untreated or failed resuscitation, biological death may occur within minutes to weeks. Common complications in survivors of cardiac arrest include pneumonia, gastrointestinal bleeding, injuries related to resuscitation, liver function test disturbance, acure renal failure, electrolytes disturbances, seizure.Two-thirds of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest admitted in intensive care unit die of neurological complications.Most of the in-hospital cardiac death occur due to multiorgans dysfunction and one forth death is due to neurological complications. Factors associated poor<unk>  after in-hospital cardiac arrest include age > 70 years old, concomitant underlying disorders such as pneumonia, hypotension, renal dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction,non shockable rhythm such as asystole or pulseless electrical activity. Factors associated with better<unk>  after in-hospital cardiac arrest include early detection of cardiac arrest or being witnessed during arrest,shockable rhythm such as VF, VT, women between 15-45 years old.<unk>  of in-hospital cardiac arrest is generally better than out-of- hospital cardiac arrest and the 1-year survival rate of patients who survived to hospital discharge was approximately 25% in the GWTG-R registry. Survival after out of hospital cardiac arrest and in-hospital cardiac arrest has continued to improve over time according to the guideline.
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