text: <unk> s <unk> s), are diverse group of blood cancers that include any kind of<unk>  except<unk> 's<unk> s.<unk> s are types of cancer derived from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.<unk>  may be classified into subtypes according to updated WHO classification and rate of growth. There are no established causes for<unk> .<unk>  must be differentiated from<unk> 's disease, viral infections, metastatic carcinoma, and autoimmune diseases. In 2015, the incidence of<unk>  was estimated to be 24 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States. In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of<unk>  is 131.1 per 100,000 individuals in 2011. The known risk factors in the development of<unk>  are weakened immune system, autoimmune disorders, certain infections and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of<unk> , exposure to pesticides, exposure to trichloroethylene, diet, obesity, hair dyes, and occupational exposures. Common complications of<unk>  include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and infection. The indolent<unk>  types are associated with a relatively good prognosis. According to the Ann Arbor staging system, there are four stages of<unk>  based on the number of nodes and extra nodal involvement. The most common symptom of<unk>  is painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm (axilla), or groin. Other symptoms of<unk>  may include fever, weight loss, poor appetite, night sweats, constant fatigue, itchy skin, reddened patches on the skin, cough, shortness of breath, abdominal pain or swelling, constipation, nausea, vomiting, headache, concentration problems, personality changes, and seizures. Common physical examination findings of<unk>  include fever, pruritus, petechiae, chest tenderness, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, peripheral lymphadenopathy, seizures, and central lymphadenopathy. Laboratory tests for<unk>  include complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry studies, HIV blood test, and hepatitis B blood test. On chest x ray,<unk>  is characterized by nodules and pleural effusion. CT and MRI scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of<unk> . On ultrasound,<unk>  is characterized by hepatomegaly and  splenomegaly. Lymph node or extra nodal tissue biopsy is diagnostic of<unk> . PET and bone scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of<unk> . Other diagnostic studies for the diagnosis of<unk>  include bone marrow aspiration, bone marrow biopsy, and lumbar puncture. The predominant therapy for<unk>  is chemotherapy. Adjunctive radiation, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation may be required. Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of<unk> .
option_0: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
option_1: B-cell lymphoma
option_2: Hodgkin's lymphoma
option_3: AIDS-related lymphoma
option_4: T-cell lymphoma
option_5: Burkitt's lymphoma
option_6: Thymic carcinoma
option_7: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma