text: Instrumentation of the gastrointestinal tract includes upper endoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, stent placement, endoscopic sclerotherapy, nasogastric intubation, esophageal dilation, and surgery is the commonest cause of gastrointestinal<unk> . Other causes include medications, foreign bodies, violent retching, Peptic ulcer disease.<unk>  of the small intestine can be related to bowel obstruction, acute mesenteric ischemia, inflammatory bowel disease. Colonic diverticulosis is common cause of<unk>  in large intestine. Causes of spontaneous intestinal<unk>  in adults include Crohn’s disease, Celiac disease, graft-vs-host disease, and infection. Causes of intestinal<unk>  in neonates include Necrotising enterocolitis, Iatrogenic, umbilical catheterization, umbilical cord clamping, nasogastric tube, Obstruction, and ileal atresia.
option_0: Gastrointestinal perforation causes
option_1: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding causes
option_2: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis causes
option_3: Pneumatosis intestinalis causes
option_4: Mesenteric ischemia causes
option_5: Secondary peritonitis causes
option_6: Acute mesenteric ischemia causes
option_7: Acute pancreatitis causes