text: A<unk>  (or pneumectomy) is a surgical procedure to remove a lung. Removal of just one lobe of the lung is specifically referred to as a lobectomy, and that of a segment of the lung as a wedge resection (or segmentectomy).
  The most common cause for a<unk>  is to excise tumourous tissue arising from lung cancer. Other indications for lobectomy include a solitary pulmonary nodule (the possibility of undiagnosed small-cell cancer in this instance is not necessarily a reason for avoiding thoracotomy), or bronchiectasis where other forms of treatment have failed, particularly if it is localised and recurrent hemoptysis is present. In the days prior to the use of antibiotics in tuberculosis treatment, tuberculosis was sometimes treated surgically by<unk> .
  It is clear that the operation will reduce the respiratory capacity of the patient; before conducting a<unk> , the surgeon will evaluate the ability of the patient to function after the lung tissue is removed.  After the operation, patients are often given an incentive spirometer to help exercise their remaining lung and to improve breathing function.
  A rib or two is sometimes removed to allow the surgeon better access to the lung.
  There are two types of<unk> :
  1895: first<unk>  in multiple stages by William Macewen on a patient with tuberculosis and emphysema
  1931: first successful<unk>  in two stages by Rudolph Nissen on a patient with crush injury to the thorax
  1932: first lobectomy, by Harold Brunn
  1933: first successful single-stage total<unk>  by Graham and Singer
  1939: first segmentectomy, by Churchill and Belsey
option_0: Pneumonectomy
option_1: Turbinectomy
option_2: Lobotomy
option_3: Lung transplantation
option_4: ESHAP regimen
option_5: Bronchial thermoplasty
option_6: Thoracentesis
option_7: Pulmonary rehabilitation