text: The posterior pituitary consists of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, which synthesize oxytocin and arginine vasopressin, respectively. In cases of central DI, there is an absence of vasopressin, which is responsive to the exogenous administration of desmopressin. On the contrary, in cases of nephrogenic DI, solute excretion and all filtration functions of the kidney are normal, but urine is hypotonic and there is a characteristic resistance to the antidiuretic effects of both endogenous and exogenous administration of vasopressin. More than 55 different genetic mutations resulting in a defective prohormone and a deficiency of ADH have been identified in familial central diabetes. Many conditions have been associated with the development of diabetes insipidus such as Wolfram syndrome (also known as DIDMOAD), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), sickle cell disease, amyloidosis, and several others.
option_0: Diabetes insipidus pathophysiology
option_1: Adrenal atrophy pathophysiology
option_2: Adrenal insufficiency pathophysiology
option_3: Diabetes insipidus causes
option_4: Diabetes insipidus risk factors
option_5: Adrenal hemorrhage pathophysiology
option_6: Adrenal atrophy causes
option_7: Polydipsia differential diagnosis