                                              COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Humphreys, O’Brien and Senior Judge Bumgardner
UNPUBLISHED



              CORY AUBREY SWISHER

              v.      Record No. 0755-15-2

              ALBEMARLE COUNTY
               DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES                                      MEMORANDUM OPINION*
                                                                                     PER CURIAM
              CORY AUBREY SWISHER                                                  NOVEMBER 17, 2015

              v.      Record No. 0758-15-2

              ALBEMARLE COUNTY
               DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES


                                   FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ALBEMARLE COUNTY
                                               John J. McGrath, Jr., Judge

                                (Pamela R. Johnson, on brief), for appellant.

                                (Richard A. DeLoria; Stephanie Cangin, Guardian ad litem for the
                                minor child; Albemarle County Attorney’s Office, on brief), for
                                appellee.


                      Cory Swisher (father) appeals the orders terminating his parental rights to his child, M.H.S.,

              and approving the foster care goal of adoption. Father argues that the trial court erred in terminating

              his parental rights because “there is no per se rule requiring termination of parental rights of an

              incarcerated parent and there were appropriate family members to assume custody of the child.”

              Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that these appeals are without

              merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decisions of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.




                      *
                          Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                         BACKGROUND

       We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant

to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax Cty. Dep’t of

Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991).

       Father and Sara Logan Howe are the parents of M.H.S., who was born in March 2013.

The Albemarle County Department of Social Services (the Department) removed the child from

his mother’s care on July 31, 2013 because of allegations of physical neglect and domestic

violence. Father did not live with mother and the child at the time of the removal.

       The goal of the initial foster care plan was to return home, which was approved by the

Albemarle County Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (JDR court). The Department

offered father several services, including a referral for a psychological examination with

Dr. Marilyn Minrath. Father refused to participate in the examination. He testified that he did

not meet with Dr. Minrath because “I didn’t feel I needed somebody to tell me how to raise my

son, like what’s wrong with me and stuff like that.” Father also refused to participate in parent

coaching and individual counseling. In addition, the Department referred father to the family

treatment court in order to address his illegal drug use. Father did not participate in that program

either. He explained that he was attending drug classes under his probation officer’s supervision,

so he did not think that he needed to take additional classes.

       In November 2013, father was arrested for driving under the influence, eluding police,

reckless driving, and driving with a suspended or revoked license, second or more offense within

the last ten years. In January 2014, father was convicted of the charges. He testified that he

served one month in jail and was released on an alcohol monitor for one month.

       As a result of the November 2013 charges, he violated his probation. In 2005, he was

convicted of two counts of carnal knowledge of a child and sentenced to ten years in prison with

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eight years suspended. He violated his probation three times prior to November 2013. On June

13, 2014, he was convicted of violating his probation for the fourth time. The Augusta County

Circuit Court revoked his entire sentence and ordered him to serve six years in prison.

       The Department changed the foster care goal to adoption. On August 1, 2014, the JDR

court approved the goal of adoption. On October 20, 2014, the JDR court entered an order

terminating father’s parental rights. Father appealed to the circuit court.1

       On January 27-28 and March 10, 2015, the circuit court heard evidence and argument

regarding the foster care plans and termination of parental rights. In addition, the court heard

evidence and argument regarding the motions for custody and visitation filed by the maternal

grandmother, paternal uncle, and paternal uncle’s fiancée. During the trial, the maternal

grandmother requested that the court non-suit her petition for custody. There was evidence that

the paternal uncle had a significant criminal history and faced a probation violation hearing on

June 6, 2015. His fiancée did not testify or present any evidence at trial. Father expressed his

desire for the child to return to mother. Mother testified that she completed an inpatient drug

treatment program in Florida and was compliant with her treatment. On March 10, 2015, the

circuit court did not approve the foster care plan with the goal of adoption and continued the

petition to terminate parental rights. It ordered mother to sign releases for the Department to

obtain her records from the Florida program and ordered mother to participate in random drug

and alcohol screens.

       On April 3, 2015, the Department filed a “Motion to Reconsider & Vacate Order” and a

“Motion to Disapprove Foster Care Service Plan.” The Department alleged that mother lied to

the court about her drug treatment. The records from the Florida inpatient treatment program


       1
         The JDR court also terminated mother’s parental rights. Mother appealed to the circuit
court, which consolidated mother’s and father’s cases.

                                                -3-
revealed that mother was discharged from the program due to her lack of compliance and

positive drug screens. Further, mother refused to submit to random drug screens since the March

10, 2015 order.

          On April 7, 2015, the circuit court held a subsequent permanency planning hearing.

Mother admitted to lying to the court previously. The circuit court did not approve the foster

care plan with the goal of return home.

          On April 16, 2015, the circuit court held a final hearing. It approved the foster care plans

with the goal of adoption and terminated father’s parental rights.2 These appeals followed.

                                                ANALYSIS

          “Where, as here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great

weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support

it.” Martin v. Pittsylvania Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16 (1986)

(citation omitted). When considering termination of parental rights, “the paramount

consideration of a trial court is the child’s best interests.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d

at 463.

          Father argues that the trial court erred in terminating his parental rights because “there is

no per se rule requiring terminating of the parental rights of an incarcerated parent.”3 He

contends there was evidence presented that he had good parenting skills and was compliant with

his visitation. He asserts that his “good parenting skills are more important than a temporary

absence from the child’s life.”


          2
              The circuit court also terminated mother’s parental rights.
          3
         Father also states that the trial court erred in terminating his parental rights because
“there were appropriate family members to assume custody of the child.” Father waived this
argument because he did not address it in his opening brief. See Muhammad v. Commonwealth,
269 Va. 451, 478, 619 S.E.2d 16, 31 (2005) (“Failure to adequately brief an assignment of error
is considered a waiver.” (citation omitted)).
                                                  -4-
                 While long-term incarceration does not, per se, authorize
                 termination of parental rights . . . it is a valid and proper
                 circumstance which, when combined with other evidence
                 concerning the parent/child relationship, can support a court’s
                 finding by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of
                 the children will be served by termination.

Ferguson v. Stafford Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 340, 417 S.E.2d 1, 5 (1992).

          Father testified that he anticipated his release date to be in June 2019. In addition to

father’s incarceration, the Department presented evidence about father’s criminal history,

including two counts of carnal knowledge of a child. Prior to his incarceration in 2014, the

Department offered services to father, but he did not participate. He refused to participate in a

psychological examination or counseling. He continued to abuse drugs and alcohol. Father

made no efforts to remedy the conditions that led to the child being placed in foster care between

July 2013, when the child was removed, and June 2014, when father was incarcerated.

          The child has been in foster care since he was four months old. At the time of the final

hearing, the child was twenty-five months old, and he had been in foster care for twenty-one

months.

          “It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting

to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or her] responsibilities.”

Kaywood v. Halifax Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495

(1990).

          Based on the totality of the circumstances, the trial court did not err in terminating

father’s parental rights and approving the goal of adoption.

                                             CONCLUSION

          For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s rulings are summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                              Affirmed.



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