Molecular cloning and characterization of calreticulin from rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Calreticulin (CRT) is a highly conserved, high-capacity, calcium-binding protein shared among vertebrates, invertebrates and higher plants. Its biological importance, highlighted by its highly conserved nature, is supported by its crucial physiological and immunological functions. Within the endoplasmic reticulum, CRT serves as a calcium modulator and a lectin-like chaperone for glycoproteins, especially class I major histocompatibility receptors. To date, CRT cDNA clones have been isolated from a wide range of phyla, yet little is known about this gene in fish species, the largest and most diverse group of jawed vertebrates. This report describes the cloning of a cDNA from a rainbow trout pronephros library that encodes a deduced 419-amino acid protein, which includes a predicted 20-amino acid signal peptide and has a 69% amino acid identity to both murine and human CRT. Like its mammalian counterparts, this cDNA contains conserved cysteine residues believed to form a disulphide bond, a proline-rich region which includes a potential N-glycosylation site, and a highly acidic C-terminal domain terminating with the endoplasmic reticulum retrieval sequence, KDEL. Reverse transcription tissue-distribution assays indicate it is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested with highest expression in liver, while Southern blotting indicates it is a single copy gene.