Congestive heart failure in valvular heart disease in pregnancies with and without valvular prostheses and anticoagulant therapy.
The course and complications of pregnancies in 46 patients with valvular disease and congestive heart failure with or without valve prostheses are described. In group I consisting of 33 women without valve replacement and without anticoagulant therapy one thromboembolic event was seen, emergency closed or open heart surgery was necessary five times. One still-birth happened after open heart surgery. In group II, of 13 patients with prosthetic valve replacement and anticoagulation therapy there was no thromboembolism, but 2 spontaneous abortions and 2 premature stillbirths; 2 fetuses died after delivery, 3 had congenital abnormalities. Pregnancies in patients with valvular disease and congestive heart failure can be sustained relatively safely for the mother, even if emergency heart surgery becomes necessary. Heart surgery and anticoagulation treatment carry a higher risk for the fetus. Uterine blood loss is not increased, if coumadine treatment is switched to heparin administration shortly before delivery.