Gene transfer by biolistic process.
Gene transfer into somatic tissues is a tool for both the study of gene function in the basic science laboratory and for gene therapy and genetic immunization in the clinic. Biolistic processes can be used to deliver both viral and nonviral vectors into somatic tissues. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of three biolistic processes: jet injection, microparticle bombardment, and needle and syringe injection. Jet injection and needle and syringe injection can be used to deliver both viral and nonviral vectors. Both jet injection and microparticle bombardment can be used to target a broad range of tissues. Needle and syringe injection has been most widely used in muscle tissue. The choice of which biolistic process to use is dependent on the specific application.