Clinical experience with multilamellar liposomal amphotericin B in patients with proven and suspected fungal infections.
Over a 3-year period, an unsonicated multilamellar vesicle preparation containing a low ratio of amphotericin B (5 mole %) was used as a routine alternative to amphotericin B-deoxycholate in treating 17 patients with a variety of systemic fungal infections representative of those commonly encountered on a tertiary care centre infectious disease service. Patient acceptability and convenience of administration were noteworthy. In 6/7 patients who had been given the liposomal drug after experiencing severe side effects (primarily hypokalemia and marked elevation of serum creatinine) on the non-liposomal form, the problems that had led to institution of the liposomal drug were reversed during treatment. However, multilamellar liposomal amphotericin B at conventional dosage was not without detectable toxicity in this patient population. Three transplant patients receiving cyclosporin at the same time as liposomal amphotericin B experienced a rise in serum creatinine, and 4 patients became hypokalemic during treatment: none of these effects was severe or required discontinuation of therapy. One or more liver enzymes rose measurably in 7 patients during treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, but remained unchanged or actually decreased in the remaining patients.