Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a new class of anti-inflammatory agents that spare the gastrointestinal tract.
The NSAIDs are potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. It is now believed that the NSAIDs exert their therapeutic activity through the inhibition of COX-2 at the site of inflammation. Unfortunately, these compounds are equally capable of inhibiting constitutively expressed COX-1 in tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and kidney, which results in serious, mechanism-based toxicities that limit the drug's therapeutic utility. With the identification of selective COX-2 inhibitors, alternatives to traditional NSAID therapy should be available that will provide clinical usefulness with reduced toxicity.