Nonmedical doctoral-level scientists in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Epidemic Intelligence Service, 1964-1997.
Although historically a training program in applied epidemiology for physicians, veterinarians, and dentists, CDC's Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) has been attracting an increasing number of other doctoral-level scientists with prior experience and training in advanced analytic methods. Using data from alumni records, we studied the participation of these nonmedical scientists in the EIS program and their subsequent employment. 160 nonmedical doctoral level scientists enrolled in EIS from 1964 through 1997; 135 had completed EIS as of July 1997. Of 160 enrolled, 94 (59%) had an advanced degree in epidemiology; other degrees included demography, anthropology, behavioral sciences, statistics, and other health areas; 66% were women. Most (112; 70%) were assigned to work in noninfectious disease areas. After completion of EIS, 113 (84%) of 135 officers continued to work in public health activities: 75 (56%) remained employed at CDC; 17 (13%) in academic institutions; 14 (10%) in local or state health departments; 3 (2%) in international health agencies; 2 (1%) in other federal health agencies; and 2 (1%) in public health foundations. Compared with trainees recruited during 1964-1989, greater proportions of those recruited during 1990-1995 remained employed at CDC (44/74 [59%] versus 31/61 [51%]) or at state or local health departments (10 [14%] versus 4 [7%]). Those training during EIS at a state or local health department (15/20, 75%) or in occupational health (17/24, 71%) were more likely than those in other assignments to work outside CDC following EIS. There is increasing participation and collaboration of persons trained in nonmedical sciences with those trained in traditional medical areas in the EIS training program and in careers in public health at all levels: local, state, and federal.