Use of electrophysiological studies in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac patients with left ventricular dysfunction and high grade ventricular ectopy.
We studied the sudden death occurrence in 28 patients (23 males, age 59.2 +/- 15.6 years) who had a documented cardiac disease with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction < or = 0.4) and high grade ventricular ectopy. None had suffered from spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmia and/or syncope. Their diagnosis and treatment were guided by electrophysiological studies. Electrophysiological studies were performed in the antiarrhythmic drug-free state. In cases when sustained ventricular arrhythmias could be induced, antiarrhythmic treatment was prescribed according to the results of the electrophysiological studies. In cases of non-inducibility, no antiarrhythmic treatment was prescribed. The patients were followed up for a period of 20.6 +/- 11.2 months. The end points were occurrence of documented spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death. None of the 19 non-inducible patients experienced sudden death or spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmia. Two of the nine inducible patients died suddenly (P = 0.1). The 3-year sudden death mortality rate of the whole group was 7.5%. We conclude that when cardiac patients with high grade ventricular ectopy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction are treated according to the results of electrophysiological studies, it can be expected that their 3-year mortality rate will be low and significantly inferior to that reported for conventionally treated patients.