Influence of hydrodynamic pressure on chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured in perfusion system.
The natural conditions of chondrocytes in native cartilage including mechanical forces and surface topology could be simulated to enhance chondrogenesis. A perfusion system recapitulating the hydrodynamic pressure of cartilage tissue is designed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are isolated and seeded on aligned nanofibrous PCL/PLGA scaffolds that mimic the structure of superficial zone of articular cartilage. The cell-seeded scaffolds are placed into the perfusion bioreactor and exposed to chondrogenic differentiating medium. The chondrogenesis is then investigated by histological analysis and real time PCR for cartilage-specific genes. The highest expression levels of aggrecan and type II collagen are observed in the cells cultured in the presence of differentiating medium and mechanical stimulation. The expression level of type II collagen is higher than aggrecan in presence of differentiating medium and absence of mechanical stimulation. On the contrary, the expression ratio of aggrecan is higher than type II collagen in presence of mechanical stimulation and absence of differentiating medium. These results show the dominant role of mechanical stimulation and differentiating medium on upregulated expression of aggrecan and type II collagen, respectively. The application of mechanical stimulation upon cells-seeded scaffolds could mimic superficial zone of articular cartilage tissue and increase derivation of chondrocytes from MSCs.