Surface display of acid protease on the cells of Yarrowia lipolytica for milk clotting.
The acid protease structural gene was amplified from the genomic DNA of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11. When the gene was cloned into the multiple cloning site of the surface display vector pINA1317-YlCWP110 and expressed in the cells of Yarrowia lipolytica, the cells displaying the acid protease could form clear zone on the plate-containing milk indicating that they had extracellular acid protease activity. The cells displaying the acid protease can be used to effectively clot skimmed milk. The highest clotting milk activity (1,142.9 U/ml) was observed under the conditions of pH 3.0, 40 degrees C, 20 mM of CaCl(2), and 10% skimmed milk powder. We found that the acid protease displayed on the cells of Y. lipolytica which has generally regarded as safe status could be easily isolated and concentrated compared to the free acid protease. Therefore, the displayed acid protease may have many potential applications in food and cheese industries. This is the first report that the yeast cells displaying the acid protease were used to clot milk.