Interaction of environmental temperature and anti-quality factors on the severity of summer fescue toxicosis.
Two experimental strains of tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) that had previously been shown to produce differences in animal performance during the summer period were fed to Holstein calves in temperature controlled rooms. In the first year, GI-306 (less toxic) and GI-307 (more toxic) tall fescues were fed during July in rooms maintained at 10 to 13, 21 to 23 and 34 to 35 C. In the second year, the same tall fescues and orchardgrass were fed at a high temperature during May (32 to 33 C), July (34 to 35 C) and October (31 to 32 C). A comparison at a lower temperature (16 to 18 C) was also included in the July and October trials, On both years, calves consuming GI-307 tall fescue consistently had lower dry matter intakes, higher rectal temperatures, higher respiration rates and lower weight gains than those fed GI-306 tall fescue or orchardgrass at temperatures above 31 C. At lower ambient temperatures, differences in dry matter intake, rectal temperature and respiration rates between animals on the two strains of forage were not statistically different. The results demonstrate the poor performance of cattle grazing fescue is related to environmental temperature and that the toxic substance(s) is present throughout the growing season.