Necrotizing myelopathy associated with malignancy caused by herpes simplex virus type 2: clinical report of two cases and literature review.
Two cases of necrotizing myelopathy, one with lung carcinoma and the other with adult T cell leukemia (ATL), displayed flaccid paraplegia and sphincter dysfunction. Both cases did not show any direct neoplastic cell invasion of the spinal cord. Pathologically, diffuse and random necrosis was found in the spinal cord in both cases. In the case of ATL, small numbers of inclusion bodies in the nerve cell nuclei were demonstrated. Using polyclonal and also monoclonal antibodies, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was clearly demonstrated in the spinal cord in both cases. By electron microscopy, numerous herpes virus particles were observed in the spinal cord in both cases. The usefulness of electrophysiological studies should be emphasized in the differentiation of these cases from others which might also display flaccid paraplegia. The possibility of necrotizing myelopathy caused by HSV-2 should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord diseases displaying flaccid paraplegia.