Problems facing the use of onboard electronics in vehicles include the lack of diagnostic ability by service personnel and No Fault. Found (NFF) warranty costs. When a controller is returned to the manufacturer, it must be assumed to be defective until proven otherwise. Service and Warranty departments need time to put a returned controller on a manufacturing tester and perform other diagnostic tasks to determine either the root cause of the problem or to determine whether it is a NFF controller, i.e., to determine that no problem could be found. Some controllers that are returned as NFF may indeed have a physical problem, but the problem may not manifest itself unless it is embedded in a vehicle and is being subjected to vibrations, temperature extremes, or other operating conditions.