Rubber polymers are used in the treatment of millions of patients each day. Bacterial and protein adherence to polymer materials, implanted or inserted into the body, are an early step in blood clots and biofilm formation, and typically result in infections, complications from the resultant infections, longer hospital stays, and perhaps death. Due to protein adsorption and subsequent bacterial adherence, biofilms are formed at interfaces between solid substrates and liquids. The prevention of bacterial and protein adherence and biofilm development on biomedical materials continues to be a major challenge in healthcare. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) alone are the most common health-care-associated infection worldwide. Accordingly, there exists a significant need for new anti-infective medical grade polymer biomaterials.