A game refers to an activity done in competition, which is performed according to a predetermined rule. As Johan Huizinga, a Dutch cultural historian, has defined humans as “Homo Ludens”, the game has a close relationship to human culture. Humans have a long history of developing and enjoying various kinds of games. Such various kinds of games include games for competition of physical ability (usually called “sports”), such as soccer, baseball, and golf, games for competition of mental ability, such as baduk, chess, and card game, and games for competition of both physical ability and strategic ability, such as a dart game.
In general, those who want to enjoy a game have been required to participate in the game at the same time and in the same place. However, the recent development of communication technology has enabled each participant of a game to individually join the game from a remote distance and transmit their own game play or a result of the play through a communication network to a remote server. As a result, it has become possible for participants of a game to participate in the game without temporal or spatial restrictions.
In the case in which participants of a game transmit results of their performance through a communication network to enjoy the game, it is recommendable to guarantee a fair game by allowing at least a part of the participants or a third party to observe a process or result of the performance of a counterpart player.