1. Field
The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for a closed percutaneous surgery.
2. Description of the Related Art
During percutaneous kidney stone surgery, a small puncture is made in the back or side of a patient to allow access into the kidney for removal of kidney stones, removal of tumors, or treatment of anatomic defects or strictures. In conventional (open system) percutaneous endoscopic procedures, a 30 F inner diameter sheath is placed into the kidney and used to facilitate introduction of either a rigid or flexible endoscope into the kidney. The endoscope is used to break up the stones or treat the tumor or anatomic abnormality. The rigid percutaneous endoscopes come in different sizes but are often 24 or 26 F in size, while the smaller flexible endoscopes are often 16 or 18 F in size.