Documents WO 2010/076646 and WO 2011/154545 in particular describe seismic data acquisition methods relative to an area of the subsoil in the marine environment using a set of cables provided with receivers (seismic sensors), all of the receivers forming a seismic network, and at least one seismic source. The seismic source moves relative to the cables and emits seismic waves in successive shot positions of the source so as to illuminate said area of the subsoil, and the receivers pick up the reflected waves resulting from those emissions. The cited documents describe an acquisition mode in which the cables are kept stationary or quasi-stationary relative to the terrestrial reference frame, or move relative to that reference frame at a speed substantially lower than that of the source. In that type of acquisition, the currents exert a significant influence on the cables, and therefore on the position of the receivers, which may affect the quality of the seismic data acquired by the receivers.
There is therefore a need for a seismic data acquisition method making it possible to compensate the effect of the currents.
To that end, the present invention proposes an acquisition method of seismic data relative to an area of the subsoil. In the method, at least one seismic source is moved and seismic waves are emitted in successive shot positions of the source so as to illuminate said area of the subsoil. The signals resulting from those emissions are picked up using a set of cables having a substantially zero buoyancy and provided with receivers. The cables have a substantially zero speed or a speed substantially slower than the speed of the source in the terrestrial reference frame. Said successive shot positions are determined as a function of the position of the receivers relative to the terrestrial reference frame so as to optimize at least one quality criterion relating to the set of seismic signals acquired by the receivers in respect of said area.