Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a process for the preparation of the reaction products of copolymers first halogenated and thereafter aminated with amines, and to compositions comprising a major proportion of a fuel or lubricant and a minor proportion of said halogenated then aminated polymer as a sludge dispersant and/or V.I. improver. More particularly, this invention relates to copolymers comprising ethylene, a higher .alpha.-olefin and an acyclic or alicyclic nonconjugated diolefin, which are first halogenated and thereafter aminated by reaction with an amine.
Somewhat similar compositions comprising polymeric or high molecular weight materials which incorporate nitrogen have been described both in structure and the related method of preparation in U.S. and foreign patents as dispersants and/or viscosity index improvers for fuels and/or lubricants. For example:
U.S. Pat. No. 3,272,746 discloses lubricant compositions containing acylated nitrogen compounds having at least 50 aliphatic carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon substituent such as polyisobutylene succinimides of polyalkylene polyamines as sludge dispersants for lubricants.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,316,177; 3,687,849 and 3,687,905 disclose polyamines reacted with the reaction product of maleic anhydride with an oxidized degraded interpolymer containing ethylene and propylene as a sludge dispersant in lubricant compositions.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,378,492 discloses polymers of conjugated dienes having backbone chain unsaturation which is predominantly cis in configuration, onto which is grafted acrylonitrile.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,438,757 describes the preparation of fuel detergents by the reaction of backbone chain chlorinated branched chain polymers, such as polyisobutylene or polypropylene with polyamines.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,462,249 teaches of terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene which is reacted first with maleic anhydride and then reacted with a polyamine.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,445,387 teaches a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and an unsaturated olefin having nitrogen as a dispersant-detergent-viscosity index improving polymer for lubricating oil and its alternative preparation by displacement of the halogen of a primary halo-substituted olefin with a basic nitrogen compound.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,652,239 teaches that an ethylene, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefin-diene terpolymer reacted with maleic anhydride and then reacted with an alkyl amine is an additive useful for a light fuel.
British Patent 1,005,638 describes the preparation of ashless dispersants for lubricants by the reaction of a backbone chlorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer with a polyalkylene polyamine.