Advances in analytical technology have pushed the limit of human understanding of chemical and physical phenomena. This is certainly the case in the study of materials and systems in the nanoscale range. New tools create the opportunity for the new discoveries. Currently available techniques that allow nanometer, i.e., sub-micron, resolution evaluations are limited in the amount of chemical information they can provide. Techniques such as electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy (SPM), which allow for spatial imaging resolution of 1 nm or better, provide almost no chemical information about the sample. Alternatively, techniques like RAMAN and IR imaging provide some limited molecular level chemical information. Mass spectrometry-based techniques that provide precise molecular mass and chemical structure information can in some cases provide chemical information at the submicron level. However, those techniques are currently limited to operation in high vacuum and often involve highly specialized sample preparation techniques.