[转载]考研时文阅读(14)
原文地址:考研时文阅读(14)作者:yellow 篇章结构分析 本文所讨论的中心主题是:由于电视业不断地在进行结构调整,结果造成了一种商业主义泛滥的文化氛围。作者在第一段指出英国媒体的一个阴暗面,并指出对电视业的行业标准与诚信逐渐沦丧的一个普遍存在的原因。接着,作者在第二、三段分析了这个问题的一些其它原因。作者在第四段用了一个转折词b t,指出一个最为重要但却被公众所忽视并不理解的原因:节目制作被外包给独立的公司。最后作者分析了在电视业培养诚信和保证质量的最好方法。属于现象分析型文章。 the ab ndant commentary on british television s faking crises, incl ding jeremy pitman s recent mac taggart lect re, doesn t show british s media in the best light. the chor s of tv exec tives complaining that the core iss e is a loss of "tr st" is a poor s bstit te for probing analysis of the nderlying reasons why television s standards and integrity have been ndermined. 有关英国电视媒体造假危机长篇累牍的评论-包括杰里米帕克斯曼最近所做的麦克塔格特纪念演说-暴露出英国媒体的一个阴暗面。电视业管理者们齐声抱怨的问题的关键是"责任"的丧失,但这一说法并不能取代对电视业的行业标准与诚信逐渐沦丧的根本原因所进行的深入分析。 in many acco nts, the bbc s c rrent agonies are integrated with the pervasive apprehension afflicting the tv ind stry. this is not to exc se the bbc. b t the wider problems have been worsening for a decade, and they affect the bbc beca se the corporation is inevitably infl enced by the wider broadcasting ecology. 在很大程度上,bbc眼下的麻烦是与困扰电视业的普遍担忧相伴随的问题。这并不是要为bbc开脱。但更广泛的问题十年来一直在恶化,这些问题也影响到了bbc,因为在这样的媒体大环境之下,它也难以独善其身。 the ca ses of the problems are several. hyper-competition from the early nineties onwards has led to a c lt re of rampant commercialism from which the bbc is not exempt, as is shown by the promotion of ratings-chasing, sensationalist and pop list programs. cr cial, too, are the changes to working conditions, in partic lar a catastrophic decline in training, the growth of short-term employment, the erosion of career str ct res, and prevalent ageism, which leads to experienced prod cers being kicked o t at 50 or before. 问题的原因是多方面的。自上世纪90年代以来,过度竞争导致商业主义泛滥的文化氛围。bbc也未能幸免,这从它提倡追求收视率、轰动效应、媚俗的节目即可看出。同样重要的原因还包括工作状况的变化,尤其是职业培训严重滑坡、短期聘用增加、从业者结构恶化以及普遍存在的年龄歧视等,而年龄歧视导致许多有经验的制作人在50岁甚至不到50岁就被扫地出门。 b t the most important ca se is obsc red in the present debate: the o tso rcing of prod ction to independent companies, the leading fig res of which are international b sinesses, and which are partic larly tempted to p t profit over standards and q ality. this is where the government comes in, as the prominent position of the independents is d e to repeated restr ct rings of the ind stry, d ring which the old prod cer-broadcasters were collapsed and the independents were given more and more of the cake. right now, sp rred on by a disappointing license-fee settlement, the bbc is making f rther c ts to its already depleted prod ction base and increasing independent programming. why sho ld this matter？ beca se with o tso rcing, the lines of comm nication and responsibility are fragmented, making it diffic lt for broadcasters to oversee and enforce standards with disobedient commercial s ppliers. this problem is rarely acknowledged and little nderstood in p blic debate. 然而最为重要的原因却在目前的争论中被掩盖了起来:节目制作被外包给独立的公司,这些公司中的那些显赫者都是一些跨国公司,它们尤其会受到利润的驱使而使其凌驾于标准和质量之上。在这一点上,政府摆脱不了干系,因为这些独立公司的突出地位是由于电视业的多次结构调整而造成的。在此过程中,旧的制作、播放一体的体制遭到瓦解,独立制作公司分得的蛋糕则越来越大。眼下,受到令人失望的许可证费用方案的推动,bbc进一步削减了它原本就已萎缩的制作基地,同时增加独立公司的节目编排。为什么这一点关系重大？因为由于实行外包,制作的交流和责任链条就被割裂,遇到难对付的商业供片商,播出方就很难监督和强化节目的水准。这一问题在公众讨论过程中很少为人所认识和理解。 renewed val es and p rposes: these can t stem the tide when the incentives are piled to enco rage deliberate deception and the man fact re of celebrity. finally, nor is it tr e to claim, as some exec tives complacently do, that a diences have only recently decided they expect more from television. for some years, research has shown that a diences are mightily fed p with the diet of lacking initiative, low-q ality o tp t. the bbc can t reverse the rot alone. as has been recently grasped, integrity and q ality are best c ltivated competitively between media companies that are reg lated and f nded to deliver them. 重建的价值观和目的:这些都阻止不了道德滑坡的趋势,因为这个方面的因素都在激发从业者的蓄意欺骗和制造名人效应行为。最后,事实并不像一些管理者们得意声称的那样,观众们只是最近才决定对电视节目给予更多期待。研究显示,观众多年来早已受够了那些制作播出的相互抄袭、质量低劣的节目了。单靠bbc一家无法逆转这种腐败之势。正如最近认识到的那样,只有在加强监督和资金投入的同时,促进媒体公司之间的竞争,才是培养诚信和保证质量的最好办法。 the independents are a varied b nch. some, like, end mol, are m ltinational s bsidiaries that pride themselves on delivering ratings. s ch companies can sometimes cross-s bsidies to s pport advent ro s fare. b t, as an rdf exec tive told me, ltimately their operations are driven j st as m ch by the bottom line. that rdf s creative director, stephen lambertprevio sly in charge of some of the bbc s finest doc mentary o tp t-was the man who edited the c lpable p blicity tape is a tragic b t telling symptom of the fa stian pact driving the tv ind stry. this is not j st abo t lambert s individ al failing； the rot is systematic. 这些独立制作公司形形色色。有些跨国公司的子公司,如end mol公司,它们以提高收视率的产品而感到自豪。这类公司有时候相互提供资金支持,以完成一些冒险性节日。但是,正如rdf的一位管理者告诉我的那样,他们经营的最终动力还是赢利。rdf的创意总监stephen lambert过去曾是bbc制作出的一些最精良的记录片的负责人-就是对那盘难辞其咎的宣传录像带进行编辑加工的人。这一事实虽然令人悲哀,却是背后驱策电视业的浮士德契约的鲜活例证。这不只是lambert个人的污点,这种腐败是全行业的。